FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Mitra, AK AF Mitra, Atindra K. BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Distributed position-adaptive UAV radar concepts for building geometries with multiple signal-leakage points - art. no. 62100H SO Radar Sensor Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology X CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE position-adaptive radar; leakage signal processing; Mini-UAV helicopter; ultra-wideband radar; signal analysis; electromagnetic modeling and simulation AB Distributed airborne sensor geometries are considered that are comprised of multiple radar/comm transmit and receive nodes. Under this distributed robotic sensor concept, each of these radar transmit/receive nodes position-adaptively converge to the vicinity of a signal leakage point. A number of signal leakage point geometries are investigated that conform to geometries for typical building-type structures. The results include a set of electromagnetic computations that simulate the signal-interaction and signal propagation between multiple leakage points. These signals are simulated via the modeling of materials that enclose "building-type" structures with a series of connected dielectric materials. For example, windows, walls, and doors are each modeled separately by a combination of suitable material properties. Signals from objects that are embedded within these "building-type" structures are also simulated via the development and application of appropriate geometrical and materials models. Analysis of the resulting simulated "leakage signals", that penetrate the surfaces of these "building-type" structures and are scattered from embedded objects within the indoor environment back to the simulated sensor-nodes in the outdoor environment, are presented. Interpretations of these results are included from a signal analysis perspective. These results also include approximate preliminary systems-type calculations with regard to this distributed position-adaptive UAV radar system concept. Potential applications are outdoor-to-indoor detection of objects-of-interest that are within a building via implementation of a intelligent multi-static sensor network. C1 AFRL, SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), AFRL, SNRR, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6266-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6210 BP H2100 EP H2100 AR 62100H DI 10.1117/12663915 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES16 UT WOS:000239242100017 ER PT S AU Malas, JA Pasala, KM AF Malas, John A. Pasala, Krishna M. BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Signature exploitation and sensor capability - art. no. 62100O SO Radar Sensor Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology X CY APR 20-21, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE radar; signature phenomenology; database; entropy; information theory; random process; signal subspace AB The ability to make radar signature databases portable for use within similar sensor systems is critical to the affordability of airborne signature exploitation systems. The capability to hybridize measured and synthetic signature database components as well as integrate signature components from different radar sensors will maximize the investment required to build complex radar signature databases. Radar target scattering response signatures are analyzed as random processes. Radar signature analysis techniques using information theory are introduced. Methods for using the target scattering response signal subspace within limited aspect viewing sectors are developed. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6266-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6210 BP O2100 EP O2100 AR 62100O DI 10.1117/12666783 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES16 UT WOS:000239242100023 ER PT S AU Cipar, J Lockwood, R Cooley, T AF Cipar, John Lockwood, Ronald Cooley, Thomas BE Gao, W Ustin, SL TI Hyperspectral signatures of an eastern North American temperate forest - art. no. 629802 SO Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability III CY AUG 14-16, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral remote sensing; image classification; spectral signatures; forestry ID IMAGE DATA; AVIRIS AB We describe a new approach to unsupervised classification that automatically finds dense parts of the hyperspectral data cloud. These dense regions are identified as the cluster centers required for unsupervised classification. The approach is tested using AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery from central Texas that has spectrally well separated land covers. The algorithm is then applied to the more stressing case of separating coniferous and deciduous forests in eastern Virginia. We find that the major spectral difference is brighter reflectance in the NIR plateau for deciduous forests compared to adjacent coniferous stands. This difference is sufficient to distinguish the forest types, and is confirmed by comparison to ground truth information. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cipar, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6377-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6298 BP 29802 EP 29802 AR 629802 DI 10.1117/12.679056 PG 10 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BFM14 UT WOS:000243026400002 ER PT J AU Boasso, A Hardy, AW Herbeuval, JP Anderson, SA Dolan, MJ Lifson, JD Fuchs, D Shearer, GM AF Boasso, A. Hardy, A. W. Herbeuval, J. P. Anderson, S. A. Dolan, M. J. Lifson, J. D. Fuchs, D. Shearer, G. M. TI HIV activates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenease: inhibition of T cell proliferation by tryptophan starvation SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boasso, A.; Hardy, A. W.; Herbeuval, J. P.; Shearer, G. M.] NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Anderson, S. A.; Dolan, M. J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Anderson, S. A.; Dolan, M. J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Lifson, J. D.] Innsbruck Med Univ, Div Biol Chem, Innsbruck, Austria. [Fuchs, D.] NCI, AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PY 2006 VL 3 SU 1 MA P11 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA V52ZS UT WOS:000203582000120 ER PT S AU Knopp, JS Sabbagh, HA Aldrin, JC Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Hoffmann, J Steffes, GJ AF Knopp, JS Sabbagh, HA Aldrin, JC Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Hoffmann, J Steffes, GJ BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Efficient solution of electromagnetic scattering problems using spatial decomposition algorithms SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 25A and 25B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE volume integral equations; fastener hole inspection; modeling; spatial decomposition algorithms; eddy current AB This paper introduces spatial decomposition algorithms to the volume integral method, which will enable the integral equation method to efficiently solve electromagnetic scattering problems where the scatterer extends across several layers or multiple scatterers exist in multiple layers. Model comparisons with the finite element methods are used validate the approach. Studies of typical aging aircraft eddy current inspection problems are conducted using the new formulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600037 ER PT S AU Ko, RT Blodgett, MP Sathish, S Boehnlein, TR AF Ko, RT Blodgett, MP Sathish, S Boehnlein, TR BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A novel multi-frequency eddy current measurement technique for materials characterization SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE frequency shift; scattering coefficient; multi-frequency; eddy current AB In an effort to meet the needs for high frequency eddy current measurements and be able to distinguish small conductivity variations in different materials, a new eddy current module capable of measuring magnitude, phase, and frequency shift was developed and integrated into a general-purpose scanning system. Comparisons of three different parameter images are presented. The potential application of the multi-frequency, multi-parameter eddy current measurement technique for materials characterization to discriminate small conductivity changes is discussed. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US Air Force, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Ray.ko@udri.udayton.edu; Mark.Blodgett@wpafb.af.mil; shamachary.sathish@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600052 ER PT S AU Cooney, AT Sarangan, AM Nelson, TR Alkuwari, R Powers, PE Rodriguez, A Kleeman, M Lamont, G Blackshire, JL Haus, JW AF Cooney, AT Sarangan, AM Nelson, TR Alkuwari, R Powers, PE Rodriguez, A Kleeman, M Lamont, G Blackshire, JL Haus, JW BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Quantum cascade terahertz emitters for subsurface defect detection SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE terahertz; nondestructive evaluation; quantum cascade lasers; wavefunction; engineering ID SUPERLATTICE; LASER AB The transmission and penetration capability of electromagnetic waves with terahertz frequencies promises nondestructive subsurface inspection capabilities using low energy, non-harmful radiation. The development of compact and portable terahertz frequency radiation sources and detectors is crucial to the practical implementation of future terahertz based nondestructive evaluation tools for aerospace, medical, security, and electronic industries. Recent progress in the bandstructure engineering of multi-quantum well heterostructures offers the potential to design miniature, efficient, high power, and direct terahertz emitters using standard semiconductor materials and fabrication techniques. Using a recently developed terahertz spectrometer, combined with near and mid-infrared spectroscopy data, we report on the transmission characteristics of aerospace coatings over a broad spectrum from near-infrared to terahertz frequencies. The design of quantum cascade emitters based on the obtained transmission data is presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Electro Opt Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 500 EP 507 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600063 ER PT S AU Sathish, S Welter, J Reibel, R Buynak, C AF Sathish, S Welter, J Reibel, R Buynak, C BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Thermo-elastic characterization of heat damage in carbon fiber epoxy composites SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE nondestructive evaluation; NDE; ultrasonics; heat damage; composites ID DEGRADATION AB Several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are in use to inspect heat damage in organic matrix composites. Majority of the techniques detect major damage like cracking, delamination and blistering. An NDE technique sensitive to early stages of heat damage ("incipient" damage) is still elusive. This paper presents, a novel non-contact NDE method, based on detection and measurement of heat developed during the propagation of an acoustic wave through the material. The methodology was used to characterize the heat damage in carbon fiber epoxy composite. The results of temperature changes in heat damaged regions in the composite and its correlation with exposure time are presented. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integrit Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US Air Force, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integrit Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM shamachary.sathish@wpafb.af.mil FU NDE Branch, AFRL/Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio [F33615-03-C-5219] FX This work was performed on-site and supported by the NDE Branch, AFRL/Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio under contract F33615-03-C-5219. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1015 EP 1018 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600130 ER PT S AU Martinez, SA Sathish, S Blodgett, MP Mall, S AF Martinez, SA Sathish, S Blodgett, MP Mall, S BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Surface texture of fretting fatigue damaged shot peened titanium SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE fretting fatigue; white interference microscope; residual stress ID BEHAVIOR; STRESSES; CONTACT AB Fretting fatigue damage occurs at the contact between two surfaces, when a static load perpendicular to the interface and a cyclic load parallel to the surfaces are present. The fretting fatigue damage occurring on the surface is known to be responsible for initiation of surface breaking cracks and dramatic reduction of fatigue life of the materials and components. Many premature failures of the engine components of advanced fighter aircrafts have been attributed to the fretting fatigue damage. Though fretting fatigue damage occurs at the surface, NDE techniques have limited success in detecting early stages of damage. This paper presents a methodology based on optical profiling of the surface to evaluate the progression of damage in fretting fatigue damaged specimens of shot peened Ti-6Al-4V. Surface topography measurements performed using a white light interference microscope were analyzed to identify the surface texture parameters sensitive to progressive damage. Results of the relation between the number of fretting fatigue cycles, surface texture parameters, residual stress and the changing microstructure are presented. Potential of the optical surface profiling as a nondestructive evaluation tool for characterization of the fretting fatigue damage is discussed. C1 AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45467 USA. RP AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sonia.martinez@wpafb.af.mil; shamachary.sathish@wpafb.af.mil; Mark.Blodgett@wpafb.af.mil FU NDE Branch; AFRL/Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This work was performed on-site and supported by the NDE Branch, AFRL/Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1370 EP 1377 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600178 ER PT S AU Hassan, W Blodgett, M AF Hassan, W Blodgett, M BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A new Multi-Gaussian auto-correlation function for the modeling of realistic shot peened random rough surfaces SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE random surface roughness; eddy current; conductivity; residual stresses; auto-correlation function; RMS; correlation length; Multi-Gaussian; exponential AB Shot peening is the primary surface treatment used to create a uniform, consistent, and reliable sub-surface compressive residual stress layer in aero engine components. A by-product of the shot peening process is random surface roughness that can affect the measurements of the resulting residual stresses and therefore impede their NDE assessment. High frequency eddy current conductivity measurements have the potential to assess these residual stresses in Ni-base super alloys. However, the effect of random surface roughness is expected to become significant in the desired measurement frequency range of 10 to 100 MHz. In this paper, a new Multi-Gaussian (MG) autocorrelation function is proposed for modeling the resulting pseudo-random rough profiles. Its use in the calculation of the Apparent Eddy Current Conductivity (AECC) loss due to surface roughness is demonstrated. The numerical results presented need to be validated with experimental measurements. C1 Honeywell Aerosp, 111 S 34th St,MS 503-118, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. AFRL, MLLP, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Honeywell Aerosp, 111 S 34th St,MS 503-118, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. EM waled.hassan@honeywell.com; Mark.Blodgett@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; F33615-03-D-5204 FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Metals, Ceramics, and NDE Division, under contract No. F33615-03-D-5204. The authors would like to acknowledge Peter Nagy from University of Cincinnati for providing the experimental measurements from the shot peened Ni-base super alloy samples. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1394 EP 1401 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600181 ER PT S AU Kohler, B Blackshire, JL AF Kohler, B Blackshire, JL BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Laser vibrometric study of plate waves for structural health monitoring (SHM) SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE Lamb waves; vibrometer; dispersion; array AB Laser vibrometer are used to study Lamb wave propagation in plate structures. Sound fields are visualized as intensity and snapshoot images. It is demonstrated, that the sound beam can be directed into areas of interest and focused. The role of Lamb wave dispersion in focusing is visualized and discussed. C1 Fraunhofer IZFP Dresden, Krugerstr 22, D-01236 Dresden, Germany. Air Force Res Lab, Non Destruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fraunhofer IZFP Dresden, Krugerstr 22, D-01236 Dresden, Germany. EM koehler@eadq.izfp.fhg.de; James.Balckshire@wpafb.af.mil RI Kohler, Bernd/I-3262-2013 OI Kohler, Bernd/0000-0001-5234-6087 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1672 EP 1679 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600216 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Cooney, AT AF Blackshire, JL Cooney, AT BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Characterization of bonded piezoelectric sensor performance and durability in simulated aircraft environments SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE structural health monitoring; piezo wafer active sensors; displacement-field imaging AB Significant progress has recently been reported in the area of integrated structural health monitoring, with many sensor systems being deployed in actual operational environments. A key question that needs to be addressed and answered with regard to successfully implementing structural health monitoring technologies in aerospace systems involves the long-term operability, durability, and survivability of integrated sensor systems and their associated hardware. In this activity, the performance characteristics of surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors have been studied under accelerated exposure conditions typically found in an operational aircraft environment. In particular, sensor performance was studied for freeze-thaw, moderate heat levels, humidity, electrochemical attack, substrate bend and tensile strains, and dynamic vibration conditions. The sensor performance was characterized using displacement-field imaging, pitch-catch signal transmission, and pulse-echo signal transmission. Evidence of general performance reduction, sensor cracking, and sensor disbonding were all observed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1694 EP 1701 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600219 ER PT S AU Sundararaman, S White, J Jiang, H Adams, D Jata, K AF Sundararaman, S White, J Jiang, H Adams, D Jata, K BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Integrated sensing and material damage identification in metallic and ceramic thermal protection systems using vibration and wave propagation data SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE thermal protection system; metallic; ceramic; damage identification; health monitoring AB Global thermal and impact material damage mechanisms in metallic and ceramic thermal protection systems are detected, located, and quantified using four complementary methods for sensing and data interrogation. First, spatial-temporal beamforming algorithms are used to process active elastic waves measured from remote sensor arrays in two different equilibrium positions of a gamma Ti-Al sheet to localize simulated thermal damage. Damage is located even when it is behind the sensor array and on the edge of the panel; results are shown to be dependent on the equilibrium position considered. Second, an active virtual force method is implemented in a honeycomb Al-Al sandwich panel instrumented with a distributed piezo sensor and actuator array to identify impact and thermal damage using frequency response inversion. Damage is quantified and is similarly diagnosed regardless of the excitation location. Third, passive acoustic transmission measurements through a homogeneous baffled Al panel subject to launch-type sound pressure variations are used to detect and locate material damage. The frequency range with highest transmission is shown to be optimal for damage detection. Fourth, thermal damage in a wrapped ceramic tile with a mock strain isolation pad is identified using active propagating waves. Remote actuation and sensing on the bulkhead and the tile backside are shown to be sufficient for detection even when variability is present in the data. C1 Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. AFRL, MLL, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Purdue Univ, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1732 EP 1739 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600224 ER PT S AU Kacmar, CJ LaCivita, KJ Jata, KV Sathish, S AF Kacmar, CJ LaCivita, KJ Jata, KV Sathish, S BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Thermal characterization of TPS tiles SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE thermography; thermal protection system; CMC; NDE AB The Thermal Protection System (TPS) used on space shuttles protects the metallic structure from the large amounts of heat created during travel through the atmosphere, both on takeoff and reentry. The shuttle experiences high thermo-acoustic loading and impact damage from micro-meteorites, which can cause disbonds, delaminations, chips, cracks, and other defects to the TPS system. To enhance durability and damage tolerance, new TPS tiles with an added protective ceramic-matrix-composite layer are being developed. This paper explores the use of pulsed thermography as a quick, diverse, non-destructive technique, to characterize the TPS system. The pulsed thermography images obtained are presented and analyzed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU United States Air Force [F33615-03-C-5220, F33615-03-C-5219] FX The authors of this paper gratefully acknowledge the support of United States Air Force Contracts F33615-03-C-5220 (Anteon Corporation) and F33615-03-C-5219 (University of Dayton Research Institute). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1740 EP 1747 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600225 ER PT S AU Kuhr, SJ Reibel, R Sathish, S Jata, KV AF Kuhr, SJ Reibel, R Sathish, S Jata, KV BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Acoustic characterization and impact sensing for ceramic thermal protection systems (TPS) SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE sound velocity; attenuation; CMC; impact AB A study was conducted to understand acoustic wave propagation characteristics in a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) wrapped tile thermal protection system (CMC+ Foam+ RTV+ SIP+ RTV+ Al) and ceramic foam. Sound velocities were measured in three orthogonal directions on the above material. The attenuation coefficients were also determined for a uncoated ceramic foam. Commercially available standard acoustic emission transducers, piezo-wafers and polymer based PVDF (polyvinylidiene fluoride) film were employed in the experiments to acquire the acoustic data. The performance characteristics of these sensors will be discussed in light of impact detection. Variation in the wave propagation characteristics along different directions and the role of processing in causing anisotropic acoustic properties in thermal protection systems will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU United States Air Force [F33615-03-C-5220, F33615-03-C-5219] FX The authors of this publication gratefully acknowledge the support of United States Air Force Contracts F33615-03-C-5220 (Anteon Corporation) and F33615-03-C-5219 (University of Dayton Research Institute). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1748 EP 1755 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600226 ER PT S AU Aldrin, JC Medina, EA Knopp, J AF Aldrin, JC Medina, EA Knopp, J BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Cost benefit analysis tool incorporating probabilistic risk assessment for structural health monitoring SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 25A AND 25B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Review of Process in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Brunswick, ME DE cost benefit assessment; models; nondestructive evaluation; probabilistic risk assessment; structural health monitoring AB Prior work presented the development of a software platform for integrating NDI design and product life management tools to per-form design tradeoffs in terms of cost and reliability. This work explores the development of probabilistic model components representing structural health monitoring systems, addressing the use of secondary NDE inspections and SHM system degradation. A discussion is presented concerning opportunities and pitfalls of SHM applications through both a qualitative survey and quantitative studies. C1 Comp Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. Austral Engn & Software Inc, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 05433 USA. RP Comp Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com; Enrique.Medina@AustralEngineering.com FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Nondestructive Evaluation Branch, through a small business innovation research program [F33615-03-C-5226] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Nondestructive Evaluation Branch, through a small business innovation research program (F33615-03-C-5226). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0312-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 820 BP 1910 EP 1917 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDY94 UT WOS:000236275600246 ER PT S AU Berkowitz, MW Simmons, P AF Berkowitz, Marvin W. Simmons, Patrica BE Zeidler, DL TI INTEGRATING SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CHARACTER EDUCATION THE ROLE OF PEER DISCUSSION SO ROLE OF MORAL REASONING ON SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND DISCOURSE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION SE Science & Technology Education Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSACTIVE DISCUSSIONS; MORAL JUDGMENT; COLLABORATION C1 [Berkowitz, Marvin W.] Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Berkowitz, Marvin W.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Berkowitz, Marvin W.] Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Berkowitz, MW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-5987 BN 978-1-4020-4996-5 J9 SCI TECHNOL EDUC LIB PY 2006 VL 19 BP 117 EP 138 D2 10.1007/1-4020-4996-X PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Ethics SC Education & Educational Research; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BLA81 UT WOS:000269793000007 ER PT J AU Tolle, TB AF Tolle, TB TI An International Society SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tolle, TB (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 005UG UT WOS:000234848900001 ER PT J AU Glavicic, MG Miller, JD Semiatin, SL AF Glavicic, MG Miller, JD Semiatin, SL TI A method to measure the texture of secondary alpha in bimodal titanium-alloy microstructures SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium; texture; microstructure AB A general method for determining the texture of the secondary-alpha phase in titanium alloys with a bimodal microstructure was developed. Validated using Ti-6Al-4V, the procedure is generally applicable to all alpha-beta titanium alloys and can be applied using a variety of texture-measurement techniques. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Glavicic, MG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.glavicic@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.09.016 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 983IX UT WOS:000233226000029 ER PT B AU Marsh, RT AF Marsh, Robert T. BE Auerswald, PE Branscomb, LM LaPorte, TM MichelKerjan, EO TI Seeds of Disaster, Roots of Response How Private Action Can Reduce Public Vulnerability FOREWORD SO SEEDS OF DISASTER, ROOTS OF RESPONSE: HOW PRIVATE ACTION CAN REDUCE PUBLIC VULNERABILITY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Marsh, Robert T.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-68572-6 PY 2006 BP XI EP XV D2 10.2277/ 0521685729 PG 5 WC Management; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BYD26 UT WOS:000298092400001 ER PT S AU Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Sukow, DW Burner, G McLachlan, T Miller, J Amonette, J AF Gavrielides, A. Erneux, T. Sukow, D. W. Burner, G. McLachlan, T. Miller, J. Amonette, J. BE Lenstra, D Pessa, M White, IH TI Square-wave oscillations in edge-emitting diode lasers with polarization-rotated optical feedback - art. no. 61840T SO Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Semiconductor Lasers and Laser Dynamics II CY APR 03-06, 2006 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP SPIE Europe, Conseil Gen Bas Rhin, Communaute Urbaine Strasbourg, Reg Alsace, Alsace Dev Agcy ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; SELF-MODULATION; CAVITY; DYNAMICS AB The square-wave response of edge-emitting diode lasers subject to a delayed polarization-rotated optical feedback is studied experimentally and theoretically. Square-wave self-modulated polarization intensities of a period close to twice the delay T of the feedback gradually appear through a sequence of bifurcations starting with a Hopf bifurcation (Gavrielides et al, Proc. SPIE 6115, to appear, 2006). In Gavrielides et al (submitted, 2006), square-wave solutions were determined analytically from the laser equations in the limit of large T. A condition on the laser parameters was derived explaining why square-wave oscillations are preferentially observed for sufficiently large feedback strength. In this paper, we concentrate on the relaxation oscillations that always appear at each intensity jump between the plateaus of the square-wave. We show analytically that if the feedback strength is progressively decreased, a bifurcation to sustained relaxation oscillations is possible for one of the two plateaus. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6240-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6184 BP T1840 EP T1840 AR 61840T DI 10.1117/12.662773 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BEQ17 UT WOS:000238875100033 ER PT S AU Jordan, JL Dick, RD Ferranti, L Thadhani, NN Austin, RA McDowell, DL Benson, DJ AF Jordan, J. L. Dick, R. D. Ferranti, L. Thadhani, N. N. Austin, R. A. McDowell, D. L. Benson, D. J. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Equation of state of aluminum-iron oxide (Fe2O3) epoxy composite: Modeling and experiment SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE equation of state; aluminum-iron oxide; epoxy; finite element modeling; shock waves ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COPPER-POWDER AB We report on the investigation of the equation of state of an 2Al+Fe2O3+ 50 wt.% epoxy composite in the 2-23 GPa pressure range. An explosive loading technique, with piezoelectric pins to measure the shock velocity in the sample and in a donor material, was used for experiments exceeding 5 GPa. Gas gun experiments were performed on the same composites at lower pressures, using PVDF stress gauges to record the input and propagated stresses and the shock velocity based on the time of travel through the sample thickness. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations of shock compression in discrete particle models. Model results are in agreement with experimental results. C1 USAF, AFRL, MNME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, MNME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Austin, Ryan/J-9003-2014; OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 157 EP 160 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600034 ER PT S AU Flater, PJ House, JW De Angelis, RJ Nixon, ME AF Flater, P. J. House, J. W. De Angelis, R. J. Nixon, M. E. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Damage characterization in copper deformed under hydrostatic stress - Experimental analysis SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE damage; OFHC copper; Taylor impact; hydrostatic pressure AB The results of an experimental investigation designed to determine the effect of damage created by hydrostatic tensile loading on the properties of copper are reported. Three metallurgical conditions of half-hard OFHC copper were investigated; as worked; annealed 2hr at 400 degrees C (similar to 40 micron grain diameter); and annealed 2hr at 800 degrees C (similar to 80 micron grain diameter). Mechanical property characterization included uniaxial compression tests. High rate plasticity and damage was introduced by Taylor and rod-on-rod impact tests. The damage from the high rate experiments was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Quasi-static compression specimens machined from recovered high rate samples were tested to determine the influence of damage on the mechanical response of the material. The compression test results will be discussed in relationship to the starting microstructure and the extent of damaged introduced into the material. C1 AF Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Flater, PJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 721 EP 724 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600168 ER PT J AU Abramson, MA Audet, C AF Abramson, Mark A. Audet, Charles TI Convergence of mesh adaptive direct search to second-order stationary points SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear programming; mesh adaptive direct search; derivative-free optimization; convergence analysis; second-order optimality conditions ID GENERALIZED PATTERN SEARCHES; UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; DERIVATIVES; ALGORITHMS AB A previous analysis of second-order behavior of generalized pattern search algorithms for unconstrained and linearly constrained minimization is extended to the more general class of mesh adaptive direct search ( MADS) algorithms for general constrained optimization. Because of the ability of MADS to generate an asymptotically dense set of search directions, we are able to establish reasonable conditions under which a subsequence of MADS iterates converges to a limit point satisfying second-order necessary or sufficient optimality conditions for general set-constrained optimization problems. C1 USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ecole Polytech, Dept Math & Genie Ind, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. GERAD, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. RP Abramson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.Abramson@afit.edu; Charles.Audet@gerad.ca RI Audet, Charles/A-7278-2010 OI Audet, Charles/0000-0002-3043-5393 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 606 EP 619 DI 10.1137/050638382 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 086QL UT WOS:000240688000014 ER PT S AU Blasch, EP Rice, A Yang, C AF Blasch, Erik. P. Rice, Andy Yang, Chun BE Drummond, OE TI Nonlinear track evaluation using absolute and relative metrics - art. no. 62360L SO Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2006 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE relative track metrics; NCI; PF; UKF; PDAF AB Tracking performance is a function of data quality, tracker type, and target maneuverability. Many contemporary tracking methods are useful for various operating conditions. To determine nonlinear tracking performance independent of the scenario, we wish to explore metrics that highlight the tracker capability. With the emerging relative track metrics, as opposed to root-mean-square error (RMS) calculations, we explore the Averaged Normalized Estimation Error Squared (ANESS) and Non Credibility Index (NCI) to determine tracker quality independent of the data. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of relative metrics to determine a model mismatch, or more specifically a bias in the model, using the probabilistic data association filter, the unscented Kalman filter, and the particle filter. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Blasch, EP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6292-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6236 BP L2360 EP L2360 AR 62360L DI 10.1117/12.666463 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BEX13 UT WOS:000239924400019 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Majumder, U Minardi, M AF Blasch, Erik Majumder, Uttam Minardi, Michael BE Kadar, I TI Radar signals dismount tracking for urban operations - art. no. 623504 SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE radar signal; dismount; moving target; urban operations; intent-based tracking; feature-aided tracking AB It is critical in urban environments to not only track cars and tanks; but also individuals. Tracking dismounts, whereby an individual exits a car, can be done using conventional Electro-Optical (full color) or Infrared (thermal) cameras. However, EO/IR systems are subject to weather and line-of-sight conditions (i.e. person blocked by cloud) as well are degraded for long ranges. In this study, we pursue the use of radar images for dismount tracking. Radar dismount tracking will not entail the same robust features for person identification as EO systems; however, by being able to maintain track in all-weather conditions would afford friendly forces a location of all moving individuals. We show, using a feature-based tracker, that dismount detection, tracking, and potential intent, is possible. Radio Frequency (RF) tracking of dismounts is a relatively new concept because the data has not been available. By forming a data set based on the POSER (TM) program, and post-processing the data, we are interested in exploring the possibility of RF dismount tracking. In this paper, we (1) explore the generation of RF dismount data, (2) apply feature-based tracking algorithm to locate the moving target, and (3) assess the performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avi Cir,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP 23504 EP 23504 AR 623504 DI 10.1117/12.666455 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300004 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Kadar, I Salerno, J Kokar, MM Das, S Powell, GM Corkill, DD Ruspini, EH AF Blasch, Erik Kadar, Ivan Salerno, John Kokar, Mieczyslaw M. Das, Subrata Powell, Gerald M. Corkill, Daniel D. Ruspini, Enrique H. BE Kadar, I TI Issues and challenges of knowledge representation and reasoning methods in situation assessment - (Level 2 fusion) - art. no. 623510 SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE information fusion; situation awareness; human-fusion interaction; human-machine interface AB Situation assessment (SA) involves deriving relations among entities, e.g., the aggregation of object states (i.e. classification and location). While SA has been recognized in the information fusion and human factors literature, there still exist open questions regarding knowledge representation and reasoning methods to afford SA. For instance, while lots of data is collected over a region of interest, how does this information get presented to an attention constrained user? The information overload can deteriorate cognitive reasoning so a pragmatic solution to knowledge representation is needed for effective and efficient situation understanding. In this paper, we present issues associated with Level 2 (Situation Assessment) including: (1) user perception and perceptual reasoning representation, (2) knowledge discovery process models, (3) procedural versus logical reasoning about relationships, (4) user-fusion interaction through performance metrics, and (5) syntactic and semantic representations. While a definitive conclusion is not the aim of the paper, many critical issues are proposed in order to characterize future successful strategies to knowledge representation and reasoning strategies for situation assessment. C1 AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP 23510 EP 23510 AR 623510 DI 10.1117/12.669779 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300035 ER PT S AU Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME AF Thorsen, Steven N. Oxley, Mark E. BE Kadar, I TI Quantifying the robustness of classification systems - art. no. 62350W SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XV CY APR 17-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE classifier; robustness; performance; ROC curve; ROC surface; functional AB Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system's performance is quantified using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves (or ROC manifolds for more than two labels) and typically the prior probabilities of each labeled-event occurring. In real-world problems, one does not know the prior probabilities and they have to be approximated or guessed, but usually one knows their range or distribution. We derive an objective functional that quantifies the robustness of an ATR system given: (1) a set of prior probabilities, and (2) a distribution of a set of prior probabilities. The ATR system may have two labels or more. We demonstrate the utility of this objective functional with examples,. and show how it can be used to determine the optimal ATR system from a family of systems. C1 USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thorsen, SN (reprint author), USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6291-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6235 BP W2350 EP W2350 AR 62350W DI 10.1117/12.666687 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEU87 UT WOS:000239564300031 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Smith, HE Carlos, WE Glaser, ER AF Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, W. D. Smith, H. E. Carlos, W. E. Glaser, E. R. BE Dudley, M Capano, MA Kimoto, T Powell, AR Wang, S TI Deep levels and compensation in high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO Silicon Carbide 2006 - Materials, Processing and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ACCEPTOR FITS; EQUIVALENCE; SIGNATURES; DONOR AB A study of temperature dependent Hall effect (TDH), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence (PL) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements has been made on high purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC crystals grown by the physical vapor transport technique. Thermal activation energies from TDH varied from a low of 0.55 eV to a high of 1.5 eV. All samples studied showed n-type conduction with the Fermi level in the upper half of the band gap. Carrier concentration measurements indicated the deep levels had to be present in concentrations in the low 10(15) cm(-3) range. Several defects were detected by EPR including the carbon vacancy and the carbon-silicon divacancy. PL measurements in the near IR showed the presence of the UD-1, UD-2 and UD-3 emission lines that have been found in HPSI material. No correlation between the relative intensities of the PL lines and the TDH activation energies was seen. SIMS measurements on nitrogen, boron and other common impurities indicate nitrogen and boron concentrations higher than those of individual deep levels as determined by TDH or of intrinsic defects as determined by EPR such as the carbon vacancy or the divacancy. It is determined that several different defects with concentrations greater than or equal to 1 X 10(15) cm(-3) are required to compensate the residual nitrogen and boron. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-867-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 911 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFJ13 UT WOS:000242213500029 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Smith, HE Zvanut, ME Lee, W AF Mitchel, William C. Mitchell, William D. Smith, H. E. Zvanut, M. E. Lee, Wonwoo BE Dudley, M Capano, MA Kimoto, T Powell, AR Wang, S TI Electrical measurement of the vanadium acceptor level in 4H-and 6H-SiC SO Silicon Carbide 2006 - Materials, Processing and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICON-CARBIDE; 4H; POSITION AB Temperature dependent Hall effect, Fourier transform infrared absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies have been performed on both 6H and 4H vanadium doped semi-insulating SiC samples grown by the physical vapor transport technique. Nitrogen and boron concentrations have been measured in some samples by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Unlike undoped s.i. SiC, where several different thermal ionization energies have been observed, the ionization energies for all of the vanadium doped s.i. samples studied here were found to cluster around only two values for the two polytypes, E-C -0.85 eV and E-C -1.54 eV for 6H and E-C -1.11 eV and E-C -1.57 eV for 4H. SIMS measurements indicate that the nitrogen concentration exceeds the boron concentration in samples with the shallower of two values while the opposite is true for the deeper level samples. EPR detected both V3+ and V4+ in shallower level samples while only V4+ was detected in the deeper level samples. These results indicate that the vanadium acceptor level, V3+/4+, is located at E-C -0.85 eV in 6H-SiC and E-C -1.11 eV in 4H-SiC. However, some EPR results do show a small, unexpected asymmetry in the angular dependence of the V4+ signal, most noticeably in the 4H samples. This suggests that at least some of the vanadium related levels might be complexed with another defect or be under higher local strain than expected. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-867-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 911 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFJ13 UT WOS:000242213500031 ER PT S AU Smith, SR Evwaraye, A Mitchel, W AF Smith, Steven R. Evwaraye, Andrew Mitchel, William BE Dudley, M Capano, MA Kimoto, T Powell, AR Wang, S TI Spectral characterization of Persistent Photo Conductance in SiC SO Silicon Carbide 2006 - Materials, Processing and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID OPTICAL ADMITTANCE; PHOTOCONDUCTANCE AB The transient photo response of 4H- and 6H-SiC specimens at various wavelengths has been studied using Optical Admittance Spectroscopy. Differences in the transient response were found for excitation and recombination for different specimens in both polytypes. The results indicate that optical excitation of charge carriers to the conduction band is a single transition, but recombination of free carriers from the conduction band is a process that may involve multiple transitions to the ground state mediated by deep centers in the material. Similarities in the persistent photo conductance after excitation from deep centers, and after excitation at above bandgap energies, suggest that carriers from the conduction band can drop through deep centers on the way to the valence band. Annealing studies also indicate that stoichiometry can play a significant role in the PPC effect. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPSO, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPSO, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-867-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 911 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFJ13 UT WOS:000242213500035 ER PT S AU Scofield, JD Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S Fatima, H Agarwal, A AF Scofield, James D. Ryu, Sei-Hyung Krishnaswami, Sumi Fatima, Husna Agarwal, Anant BE Dudley, M Capano, MA Kimoto, T Powell, AR Wang, S TI 1.8 kV, 10 mOhm-cm(2) 4H-SiC JFETs SO Silicon Carbide 2006 - Materials, Processing and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Fabrication and characteristics of high voltage, normally-on JFETs in 4H-SiC are presented. The devices were built on 5x10(15) cm(-3) doped, 12 mu m thick n-type epilayer grown on a n(+) 4H-SiC substrate. A specific on-resistance of 10 m Omega-cm(2) and a blocking voltage of 1.8 kV were measured. Device characteristics were measured for temperatures up to 300 degrees C. An increase of specific on-resistance by a factor of 5 and a decrease in transconductance were observed at 300 degrees C, when compared to the value at room temperature. This is due to a decrease in bulk electron mobility at elevated temperature. A slight negative shift in pinch-off voltage was also observed at 300 degrees C. The devices demonstrated robust DC characteristics for temperatures up to 300 degrees C, and stable high temperature inverter operation in a power DC-DC converter application, using these devices, is reported in this paper. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scofield, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRPE, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-867-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2006 VL 911 BP 419 EP 424 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BFJ13 UT WOS:000242213500060 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Smith, SR Landis, G Evwaraye, AO Fang, ZQ Look, DC Sizelove, JR AF Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, William D. Smith, S. R. Landis, G. Evwaraye, A. O. Fang, Z. -Q. Look, D. C. Sizelove, J. R. BE Devaty, RP TI Deep level near E-c-0.55 eV in undoped 4H-SiC substrates SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE semi-insulating SiC; intrinsic defects; Hall effect AB A variety of 4H-SiC samples from undoped crystals grown by the physical vapor transport technique have been studied by temperature dependent Hall effect, optical and thermal admittance spectroscopy and thermally stimulated current. In most samples studied the activation energies were in the range 0.9 - 1.6 eV expected for commercial grade HPSI 4H-SiC. However, in several samples from developmental crystals a previously unreported deep level at E-C-0.55 +/- 0.01 eV was observed. Thermal admittance spectroscopy detected one level with an energy of about 0.53 eV while optical admittance spectroscopy measurements resolved two levels at 0.56 and 0.64 eV. Thermally stimulated current measurements made to study compensated levels in the material detected several peaks at energies in the range 0.2 to 0.6 eV. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200119 ER PT S AU Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, DC Polenta, L Chen, J Anderson, T Mitchel, WC AF Fang, Z-Q. Claflin, B. Look, D. C. Polenta, L. Chen, J. Anderson, T. Mitchel, W. C. BE Devaty, RP TI Deep traps in high-purity semi-insulating 6H-SiC substrates: Thermally stimulated current spectroscopy SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE high-purity semi-insulating SiC; deep traps; thermally stimulated current spectroscopy ID GAAS AB Thermally stimulated current spectroscopy (TSC) has been applied to characterize deep traps in high-purity semi-insulating 6H-SiC substrates. By using above bandgap to sub-bandgap light for illumination at 83 K and different applied biases, at least nine TSC traps in the temperature range of 80 to 400 K can be consistently observed. It is found that TSC peaks for T < 130 K are significantly affected by light and some peaks are strongly enhanced by the applied bias. Measured trap activation energies range from 0.15 eV to 0.76 eV. Theoretical fittings of selected traps give more accurate trap parameters. Based on literature results connected with deep traps in conductive 6H-SiC, the origin of these TSC traps is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. II VI Inc, Pine Brook, NJ 07058 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200120 ER PT S AU Zvanut, ME Lee, W Wang, HY Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD AF Zvanut, Mary Ellen Lee, Wonwoo Wang, Haiyan Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, W. D. BE Devaty, RP TI Deep level point defects in semi-insulating SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE semi-insulating SiC; point defects; vanadium; carbon vacancy; defect level ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; HIGH-PURITY; VANADIUM; IMPURITIES AB The high resistivity of SiC required for many device applications is achieved by compensating residual donors or acceptors with vanadium or intrinsic defects. This work addresses the defect levels of substitutional vanadium and the positively charged carbon vacancy (V-C(+)) in semi-insulating (SI) SiC. After reviewing the earlier studies related to both defects, the paper focuses on temperature-dependent Hall measurements and photo-induced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments of 4H and 6H SI SiC. In vanadium-doped samples, a V3+/4+ level near E-c-1.1 eV (4H) and E-c-0.85 eV (6H) is estimated by a comparison of dark EPR spectra and the activation energy determined from the Hall data, assuming that vanadium controls the Fermi level. In high purity semi-insulating substrates, analysis of time-dependent and steady-state photo-EPR data suggests that the plus-to-neutral transition of the carbon vacancy involves a structural relaxation of about 0.6 eV. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zvanut, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200122 ER PT S AU Kalabukhova, EN Lukin, SN Savchenko, DV Mitchel, WC Greulich-Weber, S Rauls, E Gerstmann, U AF Kalabukhova, E. N. Lukin, S. N. Savchenko, D. V. Mitchel, W. C. Greulich-Weber, S. Rauls, E. Gerstmann, U. BE Devaty, RP TI Possible role of hydrogen within the so-called X center in semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE semi-insulating SiC; EPR; intrinsic defects; carbon vacancies; hydrogen ID RESONANCE; EPR AB Multi-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements between 9 and 140 GHz as well as Hall measurements were performed on a series of nominally undoped high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC. The investigations in a temperature range from 4 K to 300 K were focused on the photosensitive intrinsic X-defect residing at two inequivalent lattice sites (X-h and X-k). Photo-EPR and Hall effect measurements indicate donor-like energy levels at 1.26 +/- 0.06 eV and 1.36 0.06 eV below the conduction band for Xh and Xk, respectively. The EPR spectra recorded at 77 K and at 9 GHz consist of superimposed EPR lines, which were characterized by axially symmetric g-tensors and resolved hyperfine (hf) lines. The hf interactions determined are identical to those published earlier in two independent works for the carbon vacancy in a single positive charge state. However, it is a surprising fact that for one hf line the intensity ratio is different in all works. With the help of additional theoretical investigations, these variations are tentatively assigned to the contamination of a sample-dependent fraction of carbon vacancies with hydrogen. C1 NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Kalabukhova, EN (reprint author), NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, Pr Nauki 45, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Savchenko, Dariya/D-8476-2012 OI Savchenko, Dariya/0000-0002-0005-0732 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 559 EP 562 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200132 ER PT S AU Kalabukhova, EN Lukin, SN Savchenko, DV Sitnikov, AA Mitchel, WC Smith, SR Greulich-Weber, S AF Kalabukhova, E. N. Lukin, S. N. Savchenko, D. V. Sitnikov, A. A. Mitchel, W. C. Smith, S. R. Greulich-Weber, S. BE Devaty, RP TI Trapping recombination process and persistent photoconductivity in semi-insulating 4H SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE semi-insulating SiC; EPR; persistent photoconductivity ID EPR AB The decay kinetics of a persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in undoped semi-insulating 4H SiC and intercenter charge transfer were studied with EPR, photo-EPR and optical admittance spectroscopy (OAS). A thermally activated charge transfer process that occurs in the dark has been observed. The PPC effect was observed directly in changes in the quality factor of the EPR cavity before and after illumination and by the decay of the OAS signal for deep levels, and indirectly by the excitation and decay of the nitrogen and boron EPR lines that were not observed in the dark before illumination. The decay kinetics of the PPC and photo-induced carrier capture by nitrogen and boron levels were found to follow a stretched exponential form. The PPC in the temperature range from 77 to 300K was found to be produced by a thermally induced charge transfer process involving deep trap levels. C1 NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, D-4790 Paderborn, Germany. RP Kalabukhova, EN (reprint author), NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, Pr Nauki 45, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Savchenko, Dariya/D-8476-2012 OI Savchenko, Dariya/0000-0002-0005-0732 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200133 ER PT S AU Smith, HE Eyink, KG Mitchel, WC Wood, MC Fanton, MA AF Smith, Howard E. Eyink, Kurt G. Mitchel, William C. Wood, Mark C. Fanton, Mark A. BE Devaty, RP TI Evaluating and improving SIMS method for measuring nitrogen in SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE SIMS; Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry; nitrogen; n-type; detection limit ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE ANALYSIS; CARBON AB A multiple data point version of the industry standard, two data point raster-changing procedure is employed to measure low levels (< 1 x 10(17) atoms/cm(3)) of nitrogen (N) in silicon carbide (SiC) by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry). A current-changing procedure is also employed. Together, these are used evaluate the assumptions of the standard method, to separate and measure the components of background signal, and to improve upon the precision and accuracy of the standard method. The risk of poor precision in the two-point method is demonstrated, as is the improvement provided by the multiple-point method. Results show that, in addition to the well-known N memory background, adsorption background can contribute significantly to the N signal. In general, establishing the presence of adsorption gas in this way can be used to warn of the presence of ionization background, which is not measurable per se. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Penn State Univ, Elect Opt Ctr, Freeport, TX 16229 USA. RP Smith, HE (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 617 EP 620 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200146 ER PT S AU Smith, HE Tsao, BH Scofield, J AF Smith, Howard E. Tsao, Bang-Hung Scofield, James BE Devaty, RP TI Accurate CsM+ SIMS aluminum dopant profiling in SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE SIMS; Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry; aluminum; p-type; implantation; diffusion AB The accuracy of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiles of aluminum (Al) dopant in silicon carbide (SiC) has been investigated. The Al SIMS profile differs in shape depending on whether it was obtained using a cesium (Cs+) or oxygen (O-2(+)) primary ion beam, and depends in the former case on which secondary ion is followed. The matrix signals indicate that the CsAl+ secondary ion yield changes during the Cs+ depth profile, probably because of the work function lowering due to the previously-implanted Al. These same matrix ion signals are used for a depth-dependent empirical correction to increase the accuracy of the Al concentration profile. The physics of these phenomena and the accuracy of the correction are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Smith, HE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 629 EP 632 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200149 ER PT S AU Lu, W Michel, JA Lukehart, CM Collins, WE Mitchel, WC AF Lu, W. Michel, J. A. Lukehart, C. M. Collins, W. E. Mitchel, W. C. BE Devaty, RP TI Ni graphite intercalated compounds in ohmic contact formation on SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE ohmic contacts; graphite intercalated compounds; and oxygen compounds ID CATALYTIC GRAPHITIZATION; CARBON AB Ohmic contacts on SiC have been investigated extensively in the past decade. However, the mechanism for ohmic contact formation has been a troublesome issue. The interfacial structures at the atomic scale responsible for forming ohmic contacts have not been revealed. Our previous results have shown that carbon can form ohmic contacts on SiC after thermal annealing, and that an interfacial carbon layer between Ni and the SiC improves the contacts significantly. In this study, we have investigated the interactions between Ni and carbon, and ohmic contact formation on SiC using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. After annealing, ohmic behavior was observed and Ni graphite intercalated compounds (GICs) were found on Ni/C/SiC structures. Unlike conventional graphite intercalated compounds, the Ni atoms substitute for carbon atoms in the graphitic networks in these Ni-GICs. XRD peaks at 21.6 degrees due to the Ni graphitic intercalation compound (Ni-GIC) and at 26.3 degrees due to graphite have been observed. The distance between graphitic sheets is 0.403nm in the Ni graphite intercalated compounds, whereas it is similar to 20% larger in the graphite. The thickness of the interfacial carbon layer does not affect the formation of Ni-GIC. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 863 EP 866 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200204 ER PT S AU Adedeji, AV Ahyi, AC Williams, JR Bozack, MJ Mohney, SE Liu, B Scofield, JD AF Adedeji, A. V. Ahyi, A. C. Williams, J. R. Bozack, M. J. Mohney, S. E. Liu, B. Scofield, J. D. BE Devaty, RP TI Composite ohmic contacts to SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE ohmic contacts; diffusion / oxidation barrier; wire bonding AB Composite ohmic contacts designed for SiC devices operating in air at 350 degrees C have been studied. Ohmic contacts to n- and p-4H-SiC were protected against inter-diffusion and oxidation by Ta-Si-N layers obtained by sputter deposition from a TaSi2 target in a mixture of Ar and N-2. Platinum was sputter-deposited at 250 degrees C to promote adhesion between the Ta-Si-N barrier layer and a thick Au cap layer. Platinum also acts as a barrier to the diffusion of Au. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the composite contacts were stable after hundreds of hours of annealing in air at 350 degrees C. We report the effects of thermal aging on the specific contact resistance and the semiconductor sheet resistance, and the results of wire bond pull and shear tests following aging for Ta-Si-N/Pt/Au stacks deposited on both SiO2 dielectric layers and the ohmic contact layers. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adedeji, AV (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 879 EP 882 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200208 ER PT S AU Lu, W Landis, GR Collins, WE Mitchel, WC AF Lu, W. Landis, G. R. Collins, W. E. Mitchel, W. C. BE Devaty, RP TI Ohmic contacts on p-type SiC using Al/C films SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE ohmic contacts; graphitic structures; Al carbides AB Al based alloys, such as Ti/Al, are commonly used for ohmic contacts on p-type SiC. The interfacial structures of a metal alloy film on SiC are very complicated after annealing. Al is considered as the key element responsible for forming ohmic contacts on p-type SiC, and reacts with C from SiC and forms Al4C3 and Si during annealing. In this study, we have investigated ohmic contact formation of a single component Al4C3 film on p-type SiC. Based on the stoichiometric formation of Al4C3 between Al and C at high temperatures, several samples with various Al/C mole ratios have been examined for ohmic contact formation after different annealing temperatures. Carbon rich and stoichiometric Al4C3 films form ohmic contacts on p-type 4H-SiC (similar to 2.8 X 10(18) cm(-3)) after annealing at 800 and 900 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data have shown that a single component Al4C3 is formed when an ohmic contact on p-type SiC is activated. Al/SiC, as the control sample, does not form ohmic contacts under the same conditions. This study reveals that Al4C3 can be responsible for forming ohmic contacts on p-type SiC. However, its chemical instability requires that the secondary metal is necessary to form stable ohmic contacts when Al-based films are used. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 899 EP 902 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200213 ER PT S AU Tsao, BH Lawson, J Scofield, J AF Tsao, Bang-Hung Lawson, Jacob Scofield, James BE Devaty, RP TI Ti/AINi/W and Ti/Ni2Si/W ohmic contacts to P-type SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE ohmic contact; atomic force microscope (AFM); specific contact resistivity; scanning electron microscope (SEM); transfer length method (TLM) AB AlNi and Ni2Si based ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-SiC have been produced using low energy ion implantation, a Ti contact layer, and sequential anneals. Low resistivities were promoted by degenerately (> 10(20) cm(-3)) doping the surface region of 4H-SiC epilayers via Al+ implantation. High acceptor activation and improved surface morphology was achieved by capping the samples with pyrolized photoresist and using a two-step anneal sequence in argon. Ti/AlNi/W and Ti/Ni2Si/W stacks of varying Ti and/or binary layer thickness were compared at varying anneal temperatures. AINi based samples reliably and repeatedly achieved specific contact resistivities as low as 5.5 x 10(-5) oh ohm-cm(2) after annealing at temperatures of 700-1000 degrees C. For the Ni2Si samples, resistivities as low 4.5x10(-4) ohm-cm(2) were reached after annealing between 750 and 1100 degrees C. Similarly, a set of Ti/AlNi/Au samples, with or without Ge as an additional contact layer, were prepared via the same procedures. In this case, specific contact resistivities as low as 5.0 X 10(-4) ohm-cm(2) were achieved after annealing the Ti/AlNi/Au samples between 600 and 700 degrees C for 30 minutes in a dynamic argon atmosphere or under high vacuum. The lowest resistivities were realized using thicker (similar to 40 nm) Ti layers. IN analysis revealed superior linear characteristics for the AN system, which also exhibited a more stable microstructure after anneal. SIMS and RBS were used to analyze the stability of the stacks subsequent to thermal treatment. AFM analysis demonstrated the superiority of photoresist capping over alternatives in minimizing surface roughness. Linear ohmic behavior after significantly reduced anneal temperature is the main observation of the present study. C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsao, BH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 903 EP 906 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200214 ER PT S AU Das, MK Hull, BA Krishnaswami, S Husna, F Haney, S Lelis, A Scozzie, CJ Scofield, JD AF Das, Mrinal K. Hull, Brett A. Krishnaswami, Sumi Husna, Fatima Haney, Sarah Lelis, Aivars Scozzie, Charles J. Scofield, James D. BE Devaty, RP TI Improved 4H-SiC MOS interfaces produced via two independent processes: Metal enhanced oxidation and 1300 degrees C NO anneal SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE MOS; oxidation; nitriclation; MEO; interface states; channel mobility; MOSFETs AB Two previously reported MOS processes, oxidation in the presence of metallic impurities and annealing in nitric oxide (NO), have both been optimized for compatibility with conventional 4H-SiC DMOSFET process technology. Metallic impurities are introduced by oxidizing in an alumina environment. This Metal Enhanced Oxidation (MEO) yields controlled oxide thickness (t(OX)) and robustness against high temperature processing and operation while maintaining high mobility (69 cm(2)/Vs) and near ideal NMOS C-V characteristics. Raising the NO anneal temperature from 1175 degrees C to 1300 degrees C results in a 67% increase in the mobility to 49 cm(2)/Vs with a slight stretch-out in the NMOS C-V. Both processes exhibit a small 30% mobility reduction in MOSFETs fabricated on N-A = 1x10(18) cm(-3) implanted p-wells. The low field mobility in the MEO MOSFETs is observed to increase dramatically with measurement temperature to 160 cm(2)/Vs at 150 degrees C. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, MK (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 967 EP 970 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200226 ER PT S AU Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S Hull, B Heath, B Das, M Richmond, J Agarwal, A Palmour, J Scofield, J AF Ryu, Sei-Hyung Krishnaswami, Sumi Hull, Brett Heath, Bradley Das, Mrinal Richmond, James Agarwal, Anant Palmour, John Scofield, James BE Devaty, RP TI Development of 8 m Omega-cm(2), 1.8 kV 4H-SiC DMOSFETs SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE high voltage; high speed; DMOSFETs; power MOSFETs ID SWITCHING APPLICATIONS AB 8 m Omega-cm(2), 1.8 kV power DMOSFETs in 4H-SiC are presented in this paper. A 0.5 Pun long MOS gate length was used to minimize the MOS channel resistance. The DMOSFETs were able to block 1.8 kV with the gate shorted to the source. At room temperature, a specific on-resistance of 8 m Omega-cm(2) was measured with a gate bias of 15 V. At 150 degrees C, the specific on- resistance increased to 9.6 m Omega-cm(2). The increase in drift layer resistance due to a decrease in bulk electron mobility was partly cancelled out by the negative shift in MOS threshold voltage at elevated temperatures. The device demonstrated extremely fast, low loss switching characteristics. A significant improvement in converter efficiency was observed when the 4H-SiC DMOSFET was used instead of an 800 V silicon superjunction MOSFET in a simple boost converter configuration. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1261 EP 1264 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200297 ER PT S AU Zhu, K Li, G Johnstone, D Fu, Y Leach, J Ganguly, B Litton, CW Morkoc, H AF Zhu, K. Li, G. Johnstone, D. Fu, Y. Leach, J. Ganguly, B. Litton, C. W. Morkoc, H. BE Devaty, RP TI High power photoconductive switch of 4H-SiC with damage-free electrodes by using n(+)-GaN subcontact layer SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE high power photoconductive switch; contact damage ID DEVICES AB 4H SiC high power photoconductive semiconductor switching devices were fabricated. A highly doped n(+)-GaN subcontact epilayer was grown on SiC by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy in order to improve ohmic contact and avoid contact damage or degradation due to current filamentation, under high power operation. With an n+-GaN subcontact layer, the contact resistance was reduced and current crowding alleviated. Therefore the electrodes were not damaged or degraded at high power operation. Photocurrent up to 200 A and breakdown voltage up to 2900 V have been observed for the devices. C1 Tech Explore LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhu, K (reprint author), Tech Explore LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 420, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1387 EP 1390 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200328 ER PT S AU Ozgur, U Litton, CW Fu, Y Moon, YT Yun, F Everitt, HO Morkoc, H AF Ozgur, U. Litton, C. W. Fu, Y. Moon, Y. T. Yun, F. Everitt, H. O. Morkoc, H. BE Devaty, RP TI Improved structural quality and carrier decay times in GaN epitaxy on SiN and TiN porous network templates SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE time-resolved photoluminescence; porous templates ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMISSION AB Improved structural quality and radiative efficiency were observed in GaN thin films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on in situ-formed SiN and TiN porous network templates. The room temperature carrier decay time of 1.86 ns measured for a TiN network sample is slightly longer than that for a 200 pm-thick high quality freestanding GaN (1.73 ns). The linewidth of the asymmetric X-Ray diffraction (XRD) (10 (1) over bar2) peak decreases considerably with the use of SiN and TiN layers, indicating the reduction in threading dislocation density. However, no direct correlation is yet found between the decay times and the XRD linewidths, suggesting that point defect and impurity related nonradiative centers are the main parameters affecting the lifetime. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Ozgur, U (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1505 EP 1508 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200356 ER PT S AU Chevtchenko, S Fan, Q Litton, CW Baski, AA Morkoc, H AF Chevtchenko, S. Fan, Q. Litton, C. W. Baski, A. A. Morkoc, H. BE Devaty, RP TI Effects of rapid thermal annealing treatment on the surface band bending of n-type GaN studied by surface potential electric force microscopy SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE GaN; surface band bending; surface potential; EFM; Schottky contact fabrication; annealing; surface states ID SCHOTTKY; CONTACTS; FILMS AB It is generally accepted that the Schottky barrier height (SBH) is affected by the initial band bending at the bare nGaN surface as well as by an additional contribution following metal deposition. In this work the effect of processing used for device fabrication on the surface band bending of bare c-plane nGaN was studied by surface potential electric force microscopy (SP-EFM). An increase of the initial upward band bending from 1.0 +/- 0.1 eV for the as-grown GaN to 1.9 +/- 0.1 eV after RTA treatment in N-2 ambient was observed. No significant dependence of band bending on N-2 or Ar as ambient gas during the RTA treatment was observed. The increase of the initial upward band bending was also confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. We suggest that the RTA treatment causes a high density of surface states, possibly as a result of high temperature reaction of ambient gas and remnant contamination. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chevtchenko, S (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. OI Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1529 EP 1532 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200362 ER PT S AU Biyikli, N Litton, CW Xie, J Moon, YT Yun, F Stefanita, CG Bandyopadhyay, S Meyer, JR Morkoc, H AF Biyikli, N. Litton, C. W. Xie, J. Moon, Y. -T. Yun, F. Stefanita, C. -G. Bandyopadhyay, S. Meyer, J. R. Morkoc, H. BE Devaty, RP TI Quantitative mobility spectrum analysis of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures using variable-field hall measurements SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE AlGaN/GaN heterostructure; transport properties; multi-carrier; quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA); hall measurements ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; GAN/ALGAN AB Carrier transport properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been analyzed with the quantitative mobility Spectrum analysis (QMSA) technique. The nominally-undoped Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN sample was grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Variable-magnetic-field Hall measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 4-160 K and magnetic field range of 0-6.6 T. QMSA was applied to the experimental variable-field data to extract the concentrations and mobilities associated with the high-mobility 2DEG and the relatively low-mobility bulk electrons for the temperature range investigated. For temperatures below 100 K the calculated mobility and carrier density values were close to the experimental results. No bulk conduction was observed in this temperature range. At 160 K, QMSA results show that parallel conduction in 3 mu m thick GaN layer started to affect the average electron mobility. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biyikli, N (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1533 EP 1536 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200363 ER PT S AU Litton, CW Alivov, YI Johnstone, D Ozgur, U Avrutin, V Fan, Q Akarca-Biyikli, SS Zhu, K Morkoc, H AF Litton, C. W. Alivov, Ya. I. Johnstone, D. Ozgur, U. Avrutin, V. Fan, Q. Akarca-Biyikli, S. S. Zhu, K. Morkoc, H. BE Devaty, RP TI The properties of n-ZnO/p-SiC heterojunctions and their potential applications for devices SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE zinc oxide; n-p heterojunction; photodiode ID PHOTORESPONSE AB Heteroepitaxial n-ZnO films have been grown on commercial p-type 6H-SiC substrates by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy, and n-ZnO/p-SiC heterojunction mesa structures have been fabricated and their photoresponse properties have been studied. Current-voltage characteristics of the structures had a very good rectifying diode-like behavior with a leakage current less than 2 x 10(-4) A/cm(2) at -10 V, a breakdown voltage greater than 20 V, a forward turn on voltage of similar to 5 V, and a forward current of similar to 2 A/cm(2) at 8 V. Photosensitivity of the diodes, when illuminated from ZnO side, was studied at room temperature and photoresponsivity of as high as 0.045 A/W at -7.5 V reverse bias was observed for photon energies higher than 3.0 eV. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Litton, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yialivov@vcu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1571 EP 1574 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200372 ER PT S AU Lu, W Boeckl, J Mitchel, WC Rigueur, J Collins, WE AF Lu, W. Boeckl, J. Mitchel, W. C. Rigueur, J. Collins, W. E. BE Devaty, RP TI Role of oxygen in growth of carbon nanotubes on SiC SO Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE carbon nanotubes; carbon-oxygen compounds ID CATALYST-FREE GROWTH; SURFACE DECOMPOSITION; FILMS; SIC(0001); PHASE AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on SiC are metal-free, well-aligned, and with low structural defects. In this study, CNT formation on SiC is examined in high vacuum (10(-5) torr) and ultra-high vacuum (10(-8) torr). Multi-wall carbon nanotubes and graphitic structures are the main products on the SiC surface at 1400-1800 degrees C in 10(-5) torr. Under ultra-high vacuum, the decomposition rate of SiC is much lower than in high vacuum, indicating that SiC is decomposed by oxidation reaction. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the intensity of the O-1s peak at 530.3 eV decreases with increasing take-off angle, indicating that this oxygen species exists on the walls of CNTs. The results show that oxygen with a low pressure not only oxidizes SiC, but also forms a highly thermally stable carbon-oxygen compound, and interacts with the CNTs at high temperatures. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1575 EP 1578 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200373 ER PT S AU Boeckl, J Mitchel, WC Lu, W Rigueur, J AF Boeckl, J. Mitchel, W. C. Lu, W. Rigueur, J. BE Devaty, RP TI Structural and electrical characteristics of carbon nanotubes formed on silicon carbide substrates by surface decomposition SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2005) CY SEP 18-23, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, GE Global Res Ctr, II VI, Inc, Intrins Semicond, KLA Tencor, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE carbon nanotubes; electron microscopy; Raman scattering ID FIELD-EMISSION; SINGLE; FILM AB Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT's) are formed on the surface of silicon carbide (SiC) wafers during high temperature anneals. The exposed 4H SiC surface transforms into CNT's for temperatures in the range of 1400-1700 C degrees and under moderate vacuum conditions (10(-2) - 10(-5) torr). The rate of fori-nation on the C-face (0001) is about three times the rate on the Si-face (0001), but both rates increase with anneal temperature. SEM, TEM and Raman scattering measurements have confirmed the presence of both single-wall and multi-wall CNT's. The carbon source is believed to be residual carbon from the SiC left on the surface after preferential evaporation of Si. CNT formation is believed to be catalyzed by low concentrations of residual oxygen in the chamber. Subsequent I-V measurements provide insight into the electrical characteristics of the CNT's and the SiC/CNT interface. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Boeckl, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.boeckl@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2006 VL 527-529 BP 1579 EP 1582 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFS29 UT WOS:000244227200374 ER PT B AU Sanders, B Joo, JJ Reich, GW AF Sanders, Brian Joo, James J. Reich, Gregory W. BE Bernadou, M Cagnol, J Ohayon, R TI Conceptual skin designs for morphing aircraft SO SIXTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies CY OCT 09-12, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE AB A two step optimization process is described to develop the distribution of materials and geometry for flexible skins. The skins are able to handle out-of-plane loads associated with aerodynamic loading while simultaneously allowing a wing substructure to under go large structural deformations. This requires the skin to simultaneously have low in-plane stiffness and high bending stiffness. The first step involves determining the bulk material properties required from the skin and the geometry describing the attachment to the substructure. For this step, a 3-layer physical model is described that takes in to account the structural mechanism, skin, and mechanism-skin connections in addition to aerodynamic loads. The optimization problem is developed using the Solid Isotropic Material Penalization method. Results from this step are the distribution of bulk material properties across a model wing structure. The next step assumes that the skin is a heterogeneous material. An optimization process is described based on a multi-objective function which minimizes the. sum of the strain energy and mutual potential energy. An example is presented for a skin element subjected to deformation under shear loading as the wing is sweep in shear. C1 [Sanders, Brian; Reich, Gregory W.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanders, B (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-57-2 PY 2006 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BHI02 UT WOS:000253372400034 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA Yanagi, MA Pak, ES Peery, TS Ruff, GA AF Bradshaw, D. A. Yanagi, M. A. Pak, E. S. Peery, T. S. Ruff, G. A. TI Actigraphy evaluation of sleep preceding multiple sleep latency testing SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1007 BP A344 EP A344 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701384 ER PT J AU Dyche, J Hoggan, J Lindsay, DR AF Dyche, J. Hoggan, J. Lindsay, D. R. TI Sleep behavior of US Air Force Academy Cadets around and during Spring break SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 409 BP A138 EP A139 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700410 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DR Lee, D Dyche, J AF Lindsay, D. R. Lee, D. Dyche, J. TI Actigraphic assessment of sleep in US Air Force Academy Cadets SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, State Coll, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 407 BP A138 EP A138 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916700408 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA AF Caldwell, John A. BA LeeChiong, T BF LeeChiong, T TI SLEEP AND AVIATION SO SLEEP: A COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JET-LAG; TRANSMERIDIAN FLIGHT; OPERATIONAL SETTINGS; AIRLINE PILOTS; DOSE-RESPONSE; FATIGUE; AIRCREW; WAKEFULNESS; PERFORMANCE; ALERTNESS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-75172-4 PY 2006 BP 939 EP 945 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BZE26 UT WOS:000301234900124 ER PT S AU Shepherd, MJ Cobb, RG Baker, WP AF Shepherd, Michael J. Cobb, Richard G. Baker, William P. BE Lindner, DK TI Low-order actuator influence functions for piezoelectric in-plane actuated tensioned circular deformable mirrors - art. no. 61660E SO Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2006 Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE influence functions; deformable mirrors; piezoelectric ID CURVATURE; MEMBRANE; DESIGN AB Future space-based optical reflectors will be driven by the desire for large apertures versus the constraints of low weight and compactness of packaging. One possible way to satisfy these competing factors is through the use of piezoelectric in-plane actuated, tensioned, deformable mirrors. These configurations typically exhibit both plate-like and membrane-like behavior. Proposed is a new approximation method for the solution to this class of mirror, where the normalized plate stiffness to tension ratio is small. The approximation function is based on the exact analytical solution to this class of problems. The approximation method allows the problem to be reduced to a simple pressure forced membrane equation, a geometry which may be more readily analyzed. A case study comparing the results of the approximation method to a high fidelity finite element model constructed in MSC.Nastran is provided. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cobb, RG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY Bldg 640 2950 P St,Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6219-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6166 BP E1660 EP E1660 AR 61660E DI 10.1117/12.658264 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BEO48 UT WOS:000238444300012 ER PT J AU Music, D Sun, ZM Voevodin, AA Schneider, JA AF Music, Denis Sun, Zhimei Voevodin, Andrey A. Schneider, Jochen A. TI Electronic structure and shearing in nanolaminated ternary carbides SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE M2AlC phases; shearing; ab initio calculations ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BULK CR2ALC; AB-INITIO; TRANSITION; NB2ALC; CR; DEFORMATION; OXIDATION; CERAMICS AB We have studied shearing in M2AlC phases (M = Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W) using ab initio calculations. We propose that these phases can be classified into two groups based on the valence electron concentration induced changes in C-44. One group comprises M = VB and VIB, where the C-44 values are approximately 170 GPa and independent of the corresponding MC. The other group includes M = IIIB and IVB, where the C-44 shows a linear dependency with the corresponding MC. This may be understood based on the electronic structure: shear resistant bands are filled in M2AlC phases with M = VB and VIB, while they are not completely filled when M = IIIB and IVB. This notion is also consistent with our stress-strain analysis. These valence electron concentration induced changes in shear behaviour were compared to previously published valence electron concentration induced changes in compression behaviour [Z. Sun, D. Music, R. Ahuja, S. Li, J.M. Schneider, Phys. Rev. B 70 (2004) 092102]. These classification proposals exhibit identical critical valence electron concentration values for the group boundary. However, the physical mechanisms are not identical: the classification proposal, for the bulk modulus is based on MC-A coupling, while shearing is based on MC-MC coupling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Music, D (reprint author), Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Kopernikusstr 16, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. EM music@mch.rwth-aachen.de RI Schneider, Jochen/A-4701-2012; Music, Denis/C-2978-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI Music, Denis/0000-0003-2303-3676; NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2006 VL 139 IS 4 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.06.007 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 075HP UT WOS:000239875700001 ER PT J AU Baily, SA Emin, D Li, H AF Baily, S. A. Emin, David Li, Heng TI Hall mobility of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE disordered systems; galvanomagnetic effects ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; SMALL POLARON; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; FILMS; SIGN AB The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall coefficient of three-micron-thick films of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 have been measured as functions of temperature from room temperature down to as low as 200 K. The electrical conductivity manifests an Arrhenius behavior. The Seebeck coefficient is p-type with behavior indicative of multi-band transport. The Hall mobility is n-type and low (near 0.07 cm(2)/V s at room temperature). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Baily, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM sbaily@unm.edu NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2006 VL 139 IS 4 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.05.031 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 075HP UT WOS:000239875700006 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Marciniak, MA Hengehold, RL AF Ryu, Mee-Yi Yeo, Y. K. Marciniak, M. A. Hengehold, R. L. TI Electrical and optical activation studies of high dose Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN; Hall-effect measurement; ion implantation; photoluminescence ID ION-IMPLANTATION; ALGAN ALLOYS; P-GAN; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; DIODES; LAYERS; FILMS AB Both electrical and optical activation studies of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N have been made as a function of anneal time and anneal temperature to obtain maximum possible electrical activation efficiency. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses of 5 x 10(14) and 1 x 10(15) cm(-2), and the samples were annealed from 1100 to 1250 degrees C for 5-25 min with a 500 angstrom thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. The electrical activation efficiency and Hall mobility increase with anneal time and anneal temperature. Nearly 100 and 95% electrical activation efficiencies were obtained for Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N with doses of 5 x 10(14) and 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) and annealing at 1250 and 1200 degrees C for 25 min, respectively. The photoluminescence measurements show an excellent implantation damage recovery after annealing at these optimum anneal conditions, showing a strong near band emission. These optical results correlate well with the electrical results. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kangwan Do, South Korea. RP Yeo, YK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Yung.Yeo@afit.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2006 VL 139 IS 6 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.06.016 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 078HC UT WOS:000240092300007 ER PT S AU Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF Berry, Patrick A. Schepler, Kenneth L. BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK TI Modeling of time-dependent thermal effects in Cr2+-doped zinc selenide thin disks - art. no. 61000X SO Solid State Lasers XV: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XV CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE laser thermal factors; lasers; transition metals; zinc compounds ID LASER AB We used finite element software to model the time dependence of thermal lensing and temperature rise in a Cr2+-doped zinc selenide thin disk for pulsed pumping. Two cases, chopped cw and Q-switched pumping, were considered. The model agrees well with experimental results for the chopped pumping case but does not directly agree with Q-switched pumping because the time delay between absorption and heat transfer to the host material is not accounted for in our model. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berry, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNJW, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509; Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6142-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6100 BP X1000 EP X1000 AR 61000X DI 10.1117/12.644689 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF92 UT WOS:000237165400029 ER PT J AU Conley, M Hawkins, K Ririe, D AF Conley, Maria Hawkins, Karin Ririe, David TI Complete heart block and cardiac tamponade secondary to Merkel cell carcinoma cardiac metastases SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Merkel cell carcinoma; heart block; cardiac metastases; cardiac tamponade ID TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME; PERICARDIAL-EFFUSION AB This is a unique case of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumor, metastasizing to the heart and inducing a progression of cardiac complications such as new-onset atrial fibrillation, malignant pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology, first-degree heart block, and complete heart block. Metastases to the heart are relatively rare but should be Suspected if a patient with a known neoplasm presents with new cardiac manifestations. This is the first case report of cardiac metastases from Merkel cell carcinoma causing cardiac tamponade or complete heart block. This case highlights the clinical decision-making involved in managing cardiac tamponade and complete heart block in the setting of metastatic disease to the heart. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS, MMIMR, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Conley, M (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS, MMIMR, Dept Internal Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1 759th, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000197039.06853.f0 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095NK UT WOS:000241314400023 PM 16466126 ER PT S AU Watts, R Kistner, M Colleary, A AF Watts, R Kistner, M Colleary, A BE ElGenk, MS TI Materials opportunity to electronic composite enclosures for aerospace and spacecraft thermal management SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2006 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE electronic enclosure ranks; thermal planes; composite enclosure; graphite fiber; high thermal conductivity AB Transition in spacecraft development from aluminum to light weight/high performance avionic composite enclosures will be reviewed that influences the new initiative in aerospace thrust, including missile application. Discussion will focus on the type of processed hybrid cooled and passive composite enclosures and internal lightweight, high conductivity composite and graphitic thermal plane heat sinks. Applications are for electronic circuit boards for spacecraft up to 40W/card (VME, PCI architectures) to 120W/card for aircraft application. C1 AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Watts, R (reprint author), AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600003 ER PT S AU Selvam, RP Sarkar, M Sarkar, S Ponnappan, R AF Selvam, RP Sarkar, M Sarkar, S Ponnappan, R BE ElGenk, MS TI Effect of vapor bubble size on heat transfer in spray cooling SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2006 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE spray cooling; heat transfer; multiphase flow; level set function ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB Numerical modeling of multiphase flow using level set method is discussed. The 2-D model considers the effects of surface tension between liquid and vapor, gravity, phase change and viscosity. The two-phase flow modeling is done using the level set method to identify the interface of vapor and liquid. The modifications done to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in order to consider effects of surface tension, gravity and phase change are discussed in detail. The governing equations are solved using finite difference method. Recently, the effect of droplet velocity and density ratio on heat removal in a thin liquid film is investigated using the model. In the present work, a further investigation on the effect of vapor bubble size is investigated for the case of a thin liquid film of 44 pm in removing the heat when a liquid spray droplet is impacting. For different vapor bubble sizes the amount of heat removed is plotted in terms of average Nusselt number on the heated plate. The computed liquid and vapor interface is also visualized for better understanding of the heat removal. C1 Univ Arkansas, Bell 4190, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. AF Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Arkansas, Bell 4190, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM rps@engr.uark.edu RI selvam, Rathinam/H-7849-2013 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 145 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600018 ER PT S AU Adams, SF AF Adams, SF BE ElGenk, MS TI Solar thermionic space power technology testing: A historical perspective SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2006 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) CY FEB 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Idaho Natl Lab, US DOE, AIAA, AIChE, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE thermionic generator; solar power; solar concentrator AB This paper provides a brief overview of both the past and recent efforts aimed at the development and testing of solar thermionic space power systems. Recently, the Air Force has been investigating the feasibility of developing a thermionic generator, heated with a large inflatable solar concentrator, for orbital space power missions with electrical power requirements that exceed 50 kW,. This concept analysis follows a similar study by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1960's where the objective was a 500 W, power generator for interplanetary probes. Details of the potential missions, system designs, and power specifications, as well as results of ground tests and demonstrations are detailed and compared for each era. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0305-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 813 BP 590 EP 597 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDY47 UT WOS:000236123600067 ER PT S AU Smart, DF Shea, MA Tylka, AJ Boberg, PR AF Smart, D. F. Shea, M. A. Tylka, A. J. Boberg, P. R. BE Obara, T TI A geomagnetic cutoff rigidity interpolation tool: Accuracy verification and application to space weather SO SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION: APPLICATIONS AND VALIDATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE geomagnetic cutoff rigidities; cutoff latitudes; magnetospheric cutoffs; magnetic fields; space radiation; radiation dose ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL; EPOCHS AB We have developed a fast and accurate geomagnetic vertical cutoff rigidity interpolation tool that has general space weather applications. The interpolation tool utilizes vertical cutoff rigidity values determined from 5 degrees by 5 degrees world grids of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities obtained by tracing cosmic ray trajectories through the Tsyganenko magnetospheric field model combined with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The world grids for each UT hour were calculated for a 450-km satellite altitude for all magnetic conditions parameterized by the integer magnetic Kp index ranging from very quiet to extremely disturbed. The interpolation tool extrapolates from the grid positions at 450 km to any other position or altitude. We demonstrate the accuracy of vertical geomagnetic cutoff values obtained from this interpolation tool by reproducing the orbital radiation dose profile from solar protons recorded during the STS-28 space shuttle mission. We also predict the cutoff latitudes of the 8-15 MeV per nucleon a particle flux and compare these values with those determined by the SAMPEX (Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer) spacecraft observations for six independent solar particle events under a variety of geomagnetic conditions. In general our predicted cutoff latitudes are within about one degree of the observed cutoff latitudes for low levels of geomagnetic activity. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 6 SI 2006 BP 1206 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEQ51 UT WOS:000238915000012 ER PT S AU Finley, CJ AF Finley, Charles J. BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI One tool - One team: The marriage of test and operations in a low-budget spacecraft development - art. no. 62200Q SO Spaceborne Sensors III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors III CY APR 18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Finley, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6276-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6220 BP Q2200 EP Q2200 AR 62200Q DI 10.1117/12.668381 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BES58 UT WOS:000239301100019 ER PT S AU Finley, CJ AF Finley, Charles J. BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI How autonomy and the web are taking the people out of TaeSat-2 - art. no. 62200R SO Spaceborne Sensors III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors III CY APR 18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Finley, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6276-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6220 BP R2200 EP R2200 AR 62200R DI 10.1117/12.668377 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BES58 UT WOS:000239301100020 ER PT S AU Massie, MA Levan, PD AF Massie, Mark A. Levan, Paul D. BE Howard, RT Richards, RD TI Imaging sensor & electronics assembly for a responsive space experiment SO SPACEBORNE SENSORS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors III CY APR 18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE imaging; space; visible; time delay integration AB An overview of the sensor assembly for an upcoming responsive space demonstration is provided. The "top down" methodology establishing the design baselines, including the sensor array selection, is described in the context of a responsive space payload. The detailed design is then presented. Finally, new data products obtained with the engineering and flight model assemblies for the imager are analyzed and discussed. C1 [Massie, Mark A.] Nova Sensors, 320 Alisal Rd,Suite 104, Solvang, CA 93463 USA. [Levan, Paul D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 80159 USA. RP Massie, MA (reprint author), Nova Sensors, 320 Alisal Rd,Suite 104, Solvang, CA 93463 USA. EM mark@novasensors.com FU Air Force Small Business Innovative Research Program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Small Business Innovative Research Program. Our colleagues at AFRL/VSB (Hanscom AFB, MA) provided valuable recommendations on spectral band definition. We are grateful to Brett deBlonk, Lt Corey Duncan, and others for their role in the telescope and mechanical aspects of the overall imager assembly. We acknowledge Al Myers, Bob Smith, Greg Gunner and others at SAIC for numerous discussions and design of the telescopes correction optics in particular, and to Graham Nelson for his careful data collection efforts. The SAIC team integrated the flight sensor with the telescope and performed baseline testing, prior to spacecraft integration. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6276-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2006 VL 6220 AR 62200L DI 10.1117/12.669527 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BES58 UT WOS:000239301100016 ER PT S AU Wilkins, MP Sabol, CA Cefola, PJ Alfriend, KT AF Wilkins, Matthew P. Sabol, Chris A. Cefola, Paul J. Alfriend, Kyle T. BE Vadali, SR Cangahuala, LA Schumacher, PW Guzman, JJ TI Practical challenges in implementing atmospheric density corrections to the NRLMSISE-00 model SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2006, VOL 124, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 16th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID INDEX AB The goal of this effort is to apply atmospheric density corrections to the NRLMSISE-00 model to provide a significantly more accurate orbit prediction and determination capability. Given that these corrections are statistical in nature, the end user must apply the corrections in a manner consistent with the way the corrections were generated. The complexity of this entire process means that the end user must make an effort to ensure commensuration between his or her methodology and that of the correction generation procedure. This paper will describe the implementation of the NRLMSISE-00 atmospheric model into Linux GTDS and the steps required to ensure commensuration with the atmospheric density corrections generated by Dr. Vasiliy Yurasov. Recommendations are made concerning the computation of various input parameters to the NRLMSISE-00 model. C1 USAF, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr, Naval Postgrad Sch, Maui, HI 96753 USA. RP Wilkins, MP (reprint author), USAF, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr, Naval Postgrad Sch, 550 Lipoa St, Maui, HI 96753 USA. EM mpwilkins@gmail.com; cefola@mit.edu; alfriend@aero.tamu.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-877-03528-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2006 VL 124 BP 1113 EP 1130 PN 1-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFG40 UT WOS:000241723500063 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Ditzinger, T Kelso, JAS Tsou, BH AF Billock, Vincent A. Ditzinger, Thomas Kelso, J. A. Scott Tsou, Brian H. TI Fechner-Benham subjective colors do not induce McCollough after-effects SO SPATIAL VISION LA English DT Article DE color; Fechner-Benham subjective color; McCollough effect; multistability ID MONKEY STRIATE CORTEX; INDUCED FLICKER COLORS; SPATIALLY-CONTINGENT; GLOBAL FACTORS; VISUAL SYSTEM; CELLS; SENSITIVITY; ADAPTATION; PERCEPTION; CONTRAST AB Fechner-Benham subjective color is widely believed to be governed by local interactions in early (probably retinal) mechanisms. Here we report three lines of phenomenological evidence that suggest otherwise: subjective colors seen in spatially extended stimuli (a) are dependent on global aspects of the stimuli; (b) can become multistable in position; and (c) even after being stabilized do not support the creation of McCollough's colored after-effects - a cortically based phenomenon generally thought to be more central than Fechner-Benham color. These phenomena suggest a central locus that controls perception of subjective color, characterized by pattern dependent interactions among cortical mechanisms that draw their inputs from peripheral units. C1 Gen Dynam Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), Gen Dynam Inc, Suite 200,5200 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Vince.Billock@wpafb.af.mil OI Ditzinger, Thomas/0000-0001-9880-0118 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1015 J9 SPATIAL VISION JI Spatial Vis. PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2-4 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1163/156856806776923443 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Biophysics; Psychology GA 056OX UT WOS:000238536100005 PM 16862838 ER PT S AU Havig, P McIntire, J McGruder, R AF Havig, Paul McIntire, John McGruder, Rhoshonda BE Woods, AJ Dodgson, NA Merritt, JO Bolas, MT McDowall, IE TI Analysis of an autostereoscopic display: The perceptual range of the three dimensional visual fields and saliency of static depth cues - art. no. 60550C SO Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIII CY JAN 16-19, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP NuVis MacNaughton Inc, I-Three Inc, IMAX Corp, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE viewing zone; 3D; autostereoscopic; depth cue; display AB Autostereoscopic displays offer users the unique ability to view 3-dimensional (3D) imagery without special eyewear or headgear. However, the users' head must be within limited "eye boxes" or "viewing zones." Little research has evaluated these viewing zones from a human-in-the-loop, subjective perspective. In the first study, twelve participants evaluated the quality and amount of perceived 3D images. We manipulated distance from observer, viewing angle, and stimuli to characterize the perceptual viewing zones. The data was correlated with objective measures to investigate the amount of concurrence between the objective and subjective measures. In a second study we investigated the benefit of generating stimuli that take advantage of monocular depth cues. The purpose of this study was to determine if one could develop optimal stimuli that would give rise to the greatest 3D effect with off-axis viewing angles. Twelve participants evaluated the quality of depth perception of various stimuli each made up of one monocular depth cue (i.e., linear perspective, occlusion, haze, size, texture, and horizon). Viewing zone analysis is discussed in terms of optimal viewing distances and viewing angles. Stimuli properties are discussed in terms of image complexity and depth cues present. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6095-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6055 BP C550 EP C550 AR 60550C DI 10.1117/12.641661 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEF29 UT WOS:000237082500012 ER PT J AU Carr, WJ Oberly, CE AF Carr, WJ Oberly, CE TI Transverse resistivity of a filamentary coated conductor SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The transverse resistance and resistivity of a multifilamentary coated conductor is computed where the conductivity between filaments is largely due to the recently discovered damage produced by laser striations. The results when compared with measurements of Amemiya et al show that for one of their samples the resistance is due to the resistivity of the substrate, while in another sample it results from 'contact' resistance between the superconductor and substrate. C1 LEI, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carr, WJ (reprint author), LEI, 700 Technol Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM wjamescarrjr@att.net NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/1/011 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 008VO UT WOS:000235069000012 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Barnes, PN Yust, NA AF Varanasi, CV Barnes, PN Yust, NA TI Biaxially textured copper and copper-iron alloy substrates for use in YBa2Cu3O7-x coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NI-ALLOY; CU; YBCO; LAYER; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; TAPES AB Copper and Cu-Fe (Fe similar to 2.35 wt%) alloy substrates were thermo-mechanically processed and the biaxial texture development, magnetic properties, yield strength, and electrical resistivity were Studied and compared to determine their Suitability as Substrates for high-temperature superconducting coated conductor applications. Average full width half maximum (FWHM) of 5.5 degrees in Phi scans (in-plane alignment), and 6.6 degrees in omega scans (out-of-plane alignment) was obtained in copper samples. Cu-Fe samples showed 5.9 degrees FWHM in Phi scans and 5.9 degrees in omega scans. Even with the presence of 2.35% Fe in the Cu-alloy, the saturation magnetization (M-sat) value was found to be 4.27 emu g(-l) at 5 K, which is less than in Ni samples by an order of magnitude and comparable to that of Ni-9 at.% W Substrates. The yield strength of the annealed Cu-Fe alloy Substrate was found to be at least two times higher than that of similarly annealed copper substrates. The electrical resistivity Of Cu-Fe alloy was found to be an order of magnitude higher than that of pure copper at 77 K. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/1/015 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 008VO UT WOS:000235069000016 ER PT S AU Savage, J Coker, C Edwards, D Thai, B Aboutalib, O Chow, A Yamaoka, N Kim, C AF Savage, James Coker, Charles Edwards, Dave Thai, Bea Aboutalib, Omar Chow, Anthony Yamaoka, Neil Kim, Charles BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Irma 5.1 multi-sensor signature prediction model - art. no. 62390C SO Targets and Backgrounds XII: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds XII CY APR 17-18, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE AB The Irma synthetic signature prediction code is being developed to facilitate the research and development of multisensor systems. Irma was one of the first high resolution, physics-based Infrared (IR) target and background signature models to be developed for tactical weapon applications. Originally developed in 1980 by the Munitions Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MN), the Irma model was used exclusively to generate IR scenes. In 1988, a number of significant upgrades to Irma were initiated including the addition of a laser (or active) channel. This two-channel version was released to the user community in 1990. In 1992, an improved scene generator was incorporated into the Irma model, which supported correlated frame-to-frame imagery. A passive IR/millimeter wave (MMW) code was completed in 1994. This served as the cornerstone for the development of the co-registered active/passive IR/MMW model, Irma 4.0. In 2000, Irma version 5.0 was released which encompassed several upgrades to both the physical models and software. Circular polarization was added to the passive channel, and a Doppler capability was added to the active MMW channel. In 2002, the multibounce technique was added to the Irma passive channel. In the ladar channel, a user-friendly Ladar Sensor Assistant (LSA) was incorporated which provides capability and flexibility for sensor modeling. Irma 5.0 runs on several platforms including Windows, Linux, Solaris, and SGI Irix. Irma is currently used to support a number of civilian and military applications. The Irma user base includes over 130 agencies within the Air Force, Army, Navy, DARPA, NASA, Department of Transportation, academia, and industry. In 2005, Irma version 5.1 was released to the community. In addition to upgrading the Ladar channel code to an object oriented language (C++) and providing a new graphical user interface to construct scenes, this new release significantly improves the modeling of the ladar channel and includes polarization effects, time jittering, speckle effect, and atmospheric turbulence. More importantly, the Munitions Directorate has funded three field tests to verify and validate the re-engineered ladar channel. Each of the field tests was comprehensive and included one month of sensor characterization and a week of data collection. After each field test, the analysis included comparisons of Irma predicted signatures with measured signatures, and if necessary, refining the model to produce realistic imagery. This paper will focus on two areas of the Irma 5.1 development effort: report on the analysis results of the validation and verification of the Irma 5.1 ladar channel, and the software development plan and validation efforts of the Irma passive channel. As scheduled, the Irma passive code is being re-engineered using object oriented language (C++), and field data collection is being conducted to validate the re-engineered passive code. This software upgrade will remove many constraints and limitations of the legacy code including limits on image size and facet counts. The field test to validate the passive channel is expected to be complete in the second quarter of 2006. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Savage, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6295-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6239 BP C2390 EP C2390 AR 62390C DI 10.1117/12.665066 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES02 UT WOS:000239204600010 ER PT S AU Lowry, HS Crider, DH Breeden, MF Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT Steely, SL AF Lowry, H. S. Crider, D. H. Breeden, M. F. Goethert, W. H. Bertrand, W. T. Steely, S. L. BE Murrer, RL TI Application of scene projection technologies in the AEDC cryo-vacuum space simulation chambers - art. no. 620606 SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in the-Loop Testing XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XI CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; vacuum chamber AB The space simulation chambers at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) have performed space sensor characterization, calibration, and mission simulation testing on space-based, interceptor, and air-borne sensors for more than three decades. A continual effort to implement the latest scene simulation and projection technologies into these ground-based space sensor test chambers is necessary to properly manage the development of space defense systems. This requires the integration of high-fidelity, complex, dynamic scene projection systems that can provide the simulation of the desired target temperatures and ranges. The technologies to accomplish this include multiple-band source subsystems and special spectral tailoring methods, as well as comprehensive analysis and optical properties measurements of the components involved. Implementation of such techniques in the AEDC space sensor test facilities is discussed in this paper. C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6264-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6208 BP 20606 EP 20606 AR 620606 DI 10.1117/12.661556 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES14 UT WOS:000239241300007 ER PT S AU Jackson, HD Grauvogel, NL Blair, TL Ensor, BA AF Jackson, Hank D., II Grauvogel, Nathanael L. Blair, Tommy L. Ensor, Bruce A. BE Murrer, RL TI Air force electronic warfare evaluation simulator (AFEWES) infrared test and evaluation capabilities - art. no. 620802 SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in the-Loop Testing XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XI CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop (HITL); AFEWES; infrared countermeasures (IRCM); test & evaluation; flares; LASER; lamp jammer AB The Air Force Electronic Warfare Evaluation Simulator (AFEWES) infrared countermeasures (IRCM) test facility currently has the ability to simulate a complete IRCM test environment, including IR missiles in flight, aircraft in flight, and various IR countermeasures including maneuvers, point-source flares, and lamp- and LASER-based jammer systems. The simulations of IR missiles in flight include missile seeker hardware mounted on a six degree-of-freedom flight simulation table. This paper will focus on recent developments and upgrades to the AFEWES IR capability. In particular, current developments in IR scene generation/projection and efforts to optically combine the IR image produced by a resistive array with existing foreground lamp sources. C1 USAF, AFEWES, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. RP Jackson, HD (reprint author), USAF, AFEWES, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6264-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6208 BP 20802 EP 20802 AR 620802 DI 10.1117/12.661529 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES14 UT WOS:000239241300002 ER PT S AU Crider, D Lowry, H Young, R AF Crider, Dustin Lowry, Heard Young, Raymond BE Murrer, RL TI Blackbody characterization and analysis for infrared scene projection - art. no. 620819 SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in the-Loop Testing XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XI CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; thermal vacuum; blackbody; hardware in the loop AB The Space Systems Test Facility (SSTF) at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) has tested interceptor, airborne, and space-based infrared sensors for over 30 years. In that time, the 7V Chamber has been the primary calibration facility at AEDC. It is used to perform sensor characterization, calibration, and mission simulation testing. The 10V Chamber has been developed to perform hardware-in-the-loop sensor testing. A crucial aspect of this testing is the accurate simulation of point-source targets. The sources used must be able to simulate the range and temperature of the simulated target for realistic testing. A detailed characterization and analysis program is conducted to ensure their radiometric fidelity. The 7V Chamber has a total of six blackbody sources. Four are used as point targets, one is a flood source, and one is a standard reference source. For every chamber pumpdown, source calibrations are performed and radiometric data are taken. The data are then used to perform uncertainty analyses. A total of four blackbody sources are used in the 10V Chamber. Two of these blackbodies are used for point targets, one is a standard reference source, and the final blackbody is a spare. All four blackbodies have been tested and compared with NIST-traceable blackbodies at AEDC. The design and testing of these sources is discussed. C1 Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Crider, D (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6264-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6208 BP 20819 EP 20819 AR 620819 DI 10.1117/12.661236 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES14 UT WOS:000239241300042 ER PT S AU Nicholson, RA Mead, KD Lowry, HS AF Nicholson, R. A. Mead, K. D. Lowry, H. S. BE Murrer, RL TI Radiometric calibration and mission simulation testing of sensor systems in the AEDC 7V and 10V Chambers - art. no. 62080D SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in the-Loop Testing XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing XI CY APR 18-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; vacuum chamber AB The Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) has performed characterization and calibration of space-based, airborne, and interceptor sensor systems for over 35 years. The 7V and 10V Chambers provide a suite of IR and visible target systems that operate in a simulated space background (< 20K) and allow complete evaluation of sensor performance within a single test installation. Test facility upgrades are continuously pursued to keep pace with evolving sensor technologies. This paper describes the methodology used to perform calibration and characterization of sensor systems in the AEDC 7V and 10V test chambers. Complex target systems that provide the ability to evaluate system performance against representative mission scenarios are included in both test chambers. Representative results associated with the calibration and mission simulation capabilities are shown. The overall status of the 7V and 10V Chamber facilities is described, and plans to implement improved calibration capabilities are discussed. Results from analysis performed on data collected during checkout testing of source systems included in both sensor test chambers are presented. The results illustrate the ability of the 7V and 10V Chambers to facilitate complete characterization of sensor performance with a high degree of accuracy in a representative mission operating environment. C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Nicholson, RA (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6264-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6208 BP D2080 EP D2080 AR 62080D DI 10.1117/12.681224 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BES14 UT WOS:000239241300012 ER PT S AU Sojka, JJ Smithtro, C Schunk, RW AF Sojka, J. J. Smithtro, C. Schunk, R. W. BE Schmidtke, G TI Recent developments in ionosphere-thermosphere modeling with an emphasis on solar-variability SO THERMOSPHERIC-IONOSPHERIC-GEOSPHERIC (TIGER) SYMPOSIUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE solar EUV; solar flares; ionosphere; F-region structures; coupling between regions ID POLAR-CAP PATCHES; IRRADIANCE; EUV; FORMULATION; MIDDLE AB The Utah State University modeling developments have led to new results in several areas of ionospheric research. This review will present the most recent of these results and their synergisms with both ground-based and satellite-based observations. Particular attention is given to new results associated with solar variability, a central theme to the TIGER program. The effect on the ionosphere of differences in solar X-EUV spectra will be demonstrated by studies using the time-dependent ionospheric model, while their effect on the coupled thermosphere-ionosphere system will be shown using a new model, the global average ionosphere thermosphere model. How the dayside solar-produced plasma contributes to sub auroral polarization streams, storm enhanced densities, tongues of ionization, plasma patches, polar wind jets, and polar cap scintillations, will be described via recent modeling results from a variety of coupled or driven thermosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere models. The review will indicate the need for improved solar output specification, whether via observations or models. These improvements need to be over the flare through solar cycle time scale, with particular attention to the short wavelength end of the spectrum. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sojka, JJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, 4405 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sojka@cc.usu.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 SI 2006 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.10.032 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEG35 UT WOS:000237214900021 ER PT B AU Cheatham, M Rizki, M AF Cheatham, Michelle Rizki, Mateen BE Latifi, S TI Feature and prototype evolution for Nearest Neighbor Classification of web documents SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: NEW GENERATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations (ITNG) CY APR 10-OCT 12, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Premier Hall Sci & Engn AB A Nearest Neighbor Classifier (NNC) approaches the problem of text classification by computing a similarity metric between feature vector representations of an unknown document and a set of known prototype documents. The accuracy and speed of the NNC are dependent upon the choices of features and prototypes. In this work we consider the use of a genetic algorithm to optimize the feature and prototype sets for an NNC. We also examine whether simultaneously evolving the feature and prototype sets produces better results than sequential optimization. C1 [Cheatham, Michelle] Wright Patterson AFB, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rizki, Mateen] Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Cheatham, M (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7695-2497-4 PY 2006 BP 364 EP + DI 10.1109/ITNG.2006.64 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEW04 UT WOS:000239724300059 ER PT S AU Hanna, PM Rigling, BD Zelnio, EG AF Hanna, Philip M. Rigling, Brian D. Zelnio, Edmund G. BE Corner, BD Li, P Tocheri, M TI Virtual Confocal Microscopy - art. no. 605607 SO Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Application VII CY JAN 16-17, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE microscopy; 3D scene reconstruction; 3D scene segmentation and feature extraction; image alignment AB There is a need for persistent-surveillance assets to capture high-resolution, three-dimensional data for use in assisted target recognizing systems. Passive electro-optic imaging systems are presently limited by their ability to provide only 2-D measurements. We describe a methodology and system that uses existing technology to obtain 3-D information from disparate 2-D observations. This data can then be used to locate and classify objects under obscurations and noise. We propose a novel methodology for 3-D object reconstruction through use of established confocal microscopy techniques. A moving airborne sensing platform captures a sequence of geo-referenced, electro-optic images. Confocal processing of this data can synthesize a large virtual lens with an extremely sharp (small) depth of focus, thus yielding a highly discriminating 3-D data collection capability based on 2-D imagery. This allows existing assets to be used to obtain high-quality 3-D data (due to the fine z-resolution). This paper presents a stochastic algorithm for reconstruction of a 3-D target from a sequence of affine projections. We iteratively gather 2-D images over a known path, detect target edges, and aggregate the edges in 3-D space. In the final step, an expectation is computed resulting in an estimate of the target structure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanna, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6096-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6056 BP 5607 EP 5607 AR 605607 DI 10.1117/12.650778 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEF33 UT WOS:000237082900006 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA McGlasson, D Christopher, M Bush, AC AF Schwertner, H. A. McGlasson, D. Christopher, M. Bush, A. C. TI Effects of different aspirin formulations on platelet aggregation times and on plasma salicylate concentrations SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aspirin; salicylic acid; platelet aggregation; formulations; pharmacokinetics; plasma concentrations ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ENTERIC-COATED ASPIRIN; ANTIPLATELET THERAPY; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; TABLETS; BIOAVAILABILITY; KINETICS; RELEASE; DEATH; MEN AB Background: Early aspirin treatment is widely used to inhibit platelet activity and to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction or a stroke. A number of different aspirin formulations have been used for this purpose; however, a comparison of their effectiveness in inhibiting early platelet aggregation has not been determined. Methods: In this study, we determined plasma salicylate concentrations and platelet inhibitory activities at various times after ingestion of three commonly used aspirin formulations: soluble aspirin (Alka-Seltzer), 325 mg, chewed baby aspirin, 324 mg, and whole compressed non-enteric coated aspirin, 324 mg. Twenty-four healthy volunteers, 18-39 years of age, participated in the prospective single-blinded triple-crossover study. Plasma salicylate concentrations and inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation were determined on post-dose blood samples collected at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 min. All subjects crossed over to the other two formulations with at least 2 weeks between ingestions. Results: The median platelet inhibition times for the chewed, soluble, and whole aspirin formulations were 7.5, 7.5, and 10.0 min, respectively. Soluble and chewed aspirin were found to inhibit platelet aggregation faster than whole aspirin (p < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences in platelet aggregation times between the soluble and chewed formulations (p < 0.163). Inhibition of platelet aggregation was found to occur at an average plasma salicylate concentration of 2.46 mu g/mL, regardless of method of ingestion. Conclusion: The results indicate that soluble and chewed aspirin inhibit platelet aggregation in a shorter period of time than does whole aspirin. The results suggest that chewing baby aspirin or taking soluble buffered aspirin may be the preferred route of administration for early platelet inhibition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium E, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2006 VL 118 IS 4 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.10.001 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 087DX UT WOS:000240723900015 PM 16298420 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, D Hofstede, J Porta, S AF Westmoreland, D Hofstede, J Porta, S TI Effect of the diurnal magnesium decline on exercise-induced magnesium shifts SO TRACE ELEMENTS AND ELECTROLYTES LA English DT Article DE magnesium; exercise physiology; magnesium shift; circadian rhythm ID PLASMA MAGNESIUM; ERYTHROCYTE MAGNESIUM; ELECTROLYTE; SERUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; INTENSITY; MARATHON; BLOOD AB Background: During exercise, Mg2+ shifts among compartments, resulting in transient increases or decreases in plasma Mg2+. In a previous study, we showed that pre-exercise Mg2+ levels influenced the magnitude and direction of the Mg2+ shift, and we hypothesized that the diurnal rhythm of plasma Mg2+ could influence the Mg2+ shift when ergometric tests are run at different times of day. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by having subjects complete identical exercise routines during the daylight phase of Mg2+ decline. Material and methods: We sampled blood from 25 male volunteers immediately before and after cycle ergometry at 06:00-07:00, 11:00-12:00, and 15:00-16:00. Each subject completed all 3 trials on the same day. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Results: As expected on the basis of the diurnal rhythm, pre-exercise Mg2+ concentrations declined over course of the day. Exercise caused a drop in plasma Mg2+, and the magnitude of the decline was strongly correlated with pre-exercise Mg2+ levels. Time of day explained 4% of the variation in the Mg2+ shift, while pre-exercise Mg2+ levels explained 25% of the variance. In a comparison of 9 published studies in which pre-exercise plasma Mg2+ levels were reported along with the direction of the Mg2+ shift, a drop in plasma Mg2+ Occurred when subjects had high initial Mg2+ levels, and a rise occurred when subjects had low pre-exercise Mg2+. Conclusion: Pre-exercise plasma Mg2+ concentrations influence both the magnitude and direction of the Mg2+ shift. Since Mg2+ concentrations decline during daylight hours, researchers could benefit by controlling the time of day that exercise tests are conducted. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA DFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Grand Forks, ND USA. Inst Appl Stress Res, Bad Radkersburg, Germany. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Pathophysiol, Graz, Austria. RP Westmoreland, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA DFB, 2355 Fac Dr Suite 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM David.Westmoreland@usafa.af.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN PA BAHNHOFSTRASSE 9 POSTFACH 49, D-82032 DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN, GERMANY SN 0946-2104 J9 TRACE ELEM ELECTROLY JI Trace Elem. Electrolytes PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 140 EP 144 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 033TQ UT WOS:000236872800012 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, D Anderson, D Porta, S AF Westmoreland, D. Anderson, D. Porta, S. TI Effects of maximal and submaximal exercise on plasma electrolyte shifts SO TRACE ELEMENTS AND ELECTROLYTES LA English DT Article DE plasma electrolytes; Mg shift; exercise physiology ID MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; ERYTHROCYTE MAGNESIUM; IRON; ZINC; SERUM; MEN AB Background: Mineral fluctuations in the body have been extensively studied to determine effects on athletic performance, with magnesium in particular being the focus of many studies. As a general rule, high-intensity exercise induces an increase in plasma Mg, while submaximal exercise has the opposite effect. This generality is based on comparisons among studies that differed in subject pools and experimental design, however, and many exceptions to the general trend have been noted. In this study, we sought to control the effects of between-subject variability, exercise duration and time of day on the plasma Mg shift by having each subject take maximal and submaximal exercise trials at a standardized time of day within a 48-h period. Material and methods: 25 cadets of the United States Air Force Academy underwent both a submaximal cycle and a maximal-effort treadmill test in randomized order within a 48-h time period. Blood samples were drawn from each subject immediately before and after exercise and analyzed for whole blood Na, K, Mg, Ca, pH, PCO2, pO(2), HCO3-, base excess and hematocrit. Results: Submaximal exercise induced a significant change in K and Mg, while maximal exercise trials caused significant changes in all four measured electrolytes. The magnitude of electrolyte shifts was significantly different between trials for Na, Ca and Mg, and were in opposite directions for Ca and Mg. In both exercise regimens, there was a significant negative correlation between pre-exercise plasma Mg levels and the Mg shift during exercise. However, the thresholds that separated positive and negative Mg shifts were substantially different between the exercise regimens. Conclusion: Short exercise regimens differing in intensity have profound, and often opposite, effects on electrolyte shifts. This study supports the generality that high-intensity exercise leads to an increase in plasma Mg, while submaximal exercise leads to a decrease. Hypomagnesic individuals transfer Mg into the plasma compartment during exercise in proportion to workload. We hypothesize that the observed Mg rise in such individuals is a compensatory mechanism that involves rapid mobilization of Mg from apatite crystals in bone. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, DFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Graz Univ, Inst Pathophysiol, Graz, Austria. RP Westmoreland, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, DFB, 2355 Fac Dr Suite 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM David.Westmoreland@usafa.af.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN PA BAHNHOFSTRASSE 9 POSTFACH 49, D-82032 DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN, GERMANY SN 0946-2104 J9 TRACE ELEM ELECTROLY JI Trace Elem. Electrolytes PY 2006 VL 23 IS 4 BP 312 EP 317 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 094TK UT WOS:000241261700016 ER PT J AU Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE Sharma, SK Jenney, T Campo, A Roberts, MB Fultz, G AF Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE Sharma, SK Jenney, T Campo, A Roberts, MB Fultz, G TI Hydraulic system component storage with military hydraulic fluids SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE hydraulic fluid pumps; aircraft hydraulic systems; operational fluid AB In the military aerospace community, most hydraulic fluid pumps and components are currently being stored in rust inhibited fluids containing barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (BSN). Fluids containing barium are hazardous waste after use, with expensive disposal, and have caused operational problems in aircraft hydraulic systems including helicopters and fighter aircraft. In this program, bearings and pistons were stored in jars containing both operational hydraulic fluids (MIL-PRF-83282, MIL-PRF-87257, and MIL-PRF-5606) and rust-inhibited hydraulic fluids containing BSN (MIL-PRF-46170 and MIL-PRF-6083). In addition, hydraulic pumps were filled with MIL-PRF-83282, MIL-PRF-87257, and MIL-PRF-46170. Hydraulic pumps were not filled with MIL-PRF-5606 or MIL-PRF-6083 because these hydraulic fluids are being phased out of military aerospace applications as operational and storage fluids, respectively. Jars, containing bearings and pistons, as well as hydraulic pumps, were stored for tip to three years in a laboratory environment to determine if operational fluids would protect them from rusting during storage. After each year, the bearings, pistons, and pumps were inspected for corrosion. At the end of three years of storage, pumps were endurance tested using fresh operational fluid, MIL-PRF-83282. The bearings, pistons, and pumps showed no rusting for the duration of storage with either operational or storage fluids. The pumps stored with the operational fluids, MIL-PRF-83282 and MIL-PRF-87257, were in better condition than the pump stored with the rust-inhibited fluid. The operational hydraulicfluids, MIL-PRF-83282 and MIL-PRF-87257, provided excellent protection against rusting during storage. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. RP Gschwender, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1080/05698190500428409 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 016UX UT WOS:000235647200006 ER PT S AU Jakubiak, R Brown, DP Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, V Lloyd, P Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA AF Jakubiak, Rachel Brown, Dean P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent Lloyd, Pamela Sutherland, Richard L. Bunning, Timothy J. Vaia, Richard A. BE Braun, PV Weiss, SM TI Influence of morphology on the lasing behavior of pyrromethene 597 in a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal reflection grating - art. no. 63220A SO Tuning the Optic Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Tuning the Optic Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures III CY AUG 14, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE holography; photonic crystals; liquid crystals; distributed feedback; holographic polymer-dispersed liquid; crystals ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION AB Interference lithography of polymer dispersed liquid crystals allows rapid, facile fabrication of complex polymeric photonic structures that have an inherent electro-optic-component for agile structures. The polymerization mechanism (step-growth or chain growth) strongly influences the morphology of the LC droplet and distribution within the polymer matrix. Using a multi-functional acrylate monomer that undergoes chain growth polymerization leads to asymmetrical LC droplets of random size and distribution, in contrast to the step-growth mechanism of thiol-ene formation where LC droplets form with a nearly uniform size distribution and spherical shape. Thiol-ene holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) diffraction structures have narrower bandwidth and less baseline scatter than the acrylatebased H-PDLCs. Furthermore, distributed feedback lasers constructed from thiolene-based H-PDLC lasers show marked improvement in the optical and electro-optical properties as evinced by the factor of two decrease in switching voltage and the reduction of lasing threshold from 0.17 mJ cm(-2) to 0.07 mJ cm(-2). These differences in optical and electro-optic properties directly correlate with the difference in microscale morphology of the H-PDLCs giving insight to the importance of microscale structure on macroscale phenomenon. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jakubiak, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6401-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6322 BP A3220 EP A3220 AR 63220A DI 10.1117/12.682255 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Crystallography; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFI33 UT WOS:000241987900007 ER PT B AU Dziedzic, MJ AF Dziedzic, Michael J. BE Durch, WJ TI Kosovo SO TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY PEACE OPERATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dziedzic, Michael J.] US Inst Peace, Washington, DC USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Peace Operat Team, Washington, DC 20319 USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] US Air Force Acad, Air Force Academy, CO USA. RP Dziedzic, MJ (reprint author), Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-91-6 PY 2006 BP 319 EP 388 PG 70 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BXA82 UT WOS:000295556200005 ER PT S AU Matson, CL Borelli, KJ AF Matson, Charles L. Borelli, Kathy J. BE Carapezza, EM TI Parallelization of a blind deconvolution algorithm SO Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks III CY SEP 11-12, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN DE multi-frame blind deconvolution; blind deconvolution; high-performance computing; parallel processing AB Often it is of interest to deblur imagery in order to obtain higher-resolution images. Deblurring requires knowledge of the blurring function-information that is often not available separately from the blurred imagery. Blind deconvolution algorithms overcome this problem by jointly estimating both the high-resolution image and the blurring function from the blurred imagery. Because blind deconvolution algorithms are iterative in nature, they can take minutes to days to deblur an image depending how many frames of data are used for the deblurring and the platforms on which the algorithms are executed. Here we present our progress in parallelizing a blind deconvolution algorithm to increase its execution speed. This progress includes sub-frame parallelization and a code structure that is not specialized to a specific computer hardware architecture. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Div, AFRL,DES, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Div, AFRL,DES, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6394 BP U65 EP U72 DI 10.1117/12.680843 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BFR20 UT WOS:000243928500006 ER PT B AU Bailie, ST Ng, WF Copenhaver, WW AF Bailie, ST Ng, WF Copenhaver, WW BE Hall, KC Kielb, RE Thomas, JP TI Experimental reduction of transonic fan forced response by IGV flow control SO UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS, AEROACOUSTICS AND AEROELASTICITY OF TURBOMACHINES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines (ISUAAAT) CY SEP 08-11, 2003 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC HO Duke Univ AB The main contributor to the high-cycle fatigue of compressor blades is the response to aerodynamic forcing functions generated by an upstream row of stators or inlet guide vanes. Resonant response to engine order excitation at certain rotor speeds is especially damaging. Studies have shown that flow control by trailing edge blowing (TEB) can reduce stator wake strength and the amplitude of the downstream rotor blade vibrations generated by the unsteady stator-rotor interaction. In the present study, the effectiveness of TEB to reduce forced blade vibrations was evaluated in a modern single-stage transonic compressor rig. A row of wake generator (WG) vanes with TEB capability was installed upstream of the fan blisk, the blades of which were instrumented with strain gauges. Data was collected for varied TEB conditions over a range of rotor speed including one fundamental and multiple harmonic resonance crossings. Sensitivity of resonant response amplitude to full-span TEB flowrate, as well as optimal TEB flowrates, are documented for multiple modes. Resonant response sensitivity was generally characterized by a robust region of substantial attenuation, such that less-than-optimal TEB flowrates could prove to be an appropriate design tradeoff. For TEB flowrates beyond the optimal region, attenuation decreased due to over-filling of the wake deficit. The fundamental crossing amplitude of the first torsion mode was reduced by as much as 85% with full-span TEB at 1.1% of the total rig flow at that speed. Similar reductions were achieved for the various harmonic crossings, including as much as 94% reduction of the second leading edge bending mode resonant response using 0.74% of the rig flow for full-span TEB. Thus the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the TEB technique for reducing rotor vibrations in the complex flow environment of a modem, closely-spaced transonic stage row. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Air Force, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4267-1 PY 2006 BP 161 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4605-7_13 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BEH56 UT WOS:000237275800013 ER PT B AU Gorrell, SE Copenhaver, WW Estevadeordal, J AF Gorrell, SE Copenhaver, WW Estevadeordal, J BE Hall, KC Kielb, RE Thomas, JP TI DPIV measurements of the flow field between a transonic rotor and an upstream stator SO UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS, AEROACOUSTICS AND AEROELASTICITY OF TURBOMACHINES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines (ISUAAAT) CY SEP 08-11, 2003 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC HO Duke Univ ID AXIAL COMPRESSOR; PART 1; PERFORMANCE; BENEFIT; FAN C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4267-1 PY 2006 BP 505 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-4605-7_37 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BEH56 UT WOS:000237275800037 ER PT B AU Wu, XX Jiang, ZP Repperger, DW AF Wu, Xingxing Jiang, Zhong-Ping Repperger, Daniel W. GP IEEE TI Enhancement of stochastic resonance with tuning noise and system parameters SO WCICA 2006: SIXTH WORLD CONGRESS ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-12, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Dalian Univ Technol, Northeastern Univ, Dalian Maritime Univ, Shanghai Baosight Software Co Ltd, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Assoc Automat, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Beijing Chapter, Minist Educ China, Grandar Robot Co Ltd, Yokogawa Elect Corp, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Siemens Ltd DE optimization; signal processing; and stochastic resonance AB Stochastic resonance has been increasingly used for signal estimation, signal transmission, signal detection and image processing. The stochastic resonance effect can be realized by tuning system parameters or by adding noise. In our recent paper, we have investigated the possibility to enhance the aperiodic stochastic resonance (ASR) effect by tuning system parameters and adding noise simultaneously for the Gaussian-distribution weak input signal. This paper extends the result to a more general case using standard optimization theory. It is shown that the normalized power norm of the bistable double-well system with a small input signal can reach a larger maximal value by this scheme. An on-line fast-converging optimization algorithm is also proposed for searching the optimal values of system parameters and noise intensity. C1 [Wu, Xingxing; Jiang, Zhong-Ping] Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, XX (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM xwu03@utopia.poly.edu; zjiang@control.poly.edu; Daniel.Repperger@wpafb.af.mil FU Polytechnic CATT Center; New York State, NSF [ECS-009317, OISE-0408925, DMS-0504462]; Air Force FX This work is partially supported by Polytechnic CATT Center sponsored by New York State, NSF grants ECS-009317, OISE-0408925 and DMS-0504462, and an Air Force contract. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0331-6 PY 2006 BP 1823 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BFG71 UT WOS:000241773202025 ER PT J AU Cain, AC AF Cain, Anthony Christopher BE Higham, R Harris, SJ TI L'Armee de l'Air, 1933-1940 Drifting toward Defeat SO WHY AIR FORCES FAIL: THE ANATOMY OF DEFEAT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Air Command & Staff Coll, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Cain, AC (reprint author), USAF, Air Command & Staff Coll, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7174-6 PY 2006 BP 41 EP 70 PG 30 WC History SC History GA BAV12 UT WOS:000305581000003 ER PT J AU Corum, JS AF Corum, James S. BE Higham, R Harris, SJ TI Defeat of the Luftwaffe, 1935-1945 SO WHY AIR FORCES FAIL: THE ANATOMY OF DEFEAT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Corum, James S.] USAF, Sch Adv Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Corum, JS (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-7174-6 PY 2006 BP 203 EP 226 PG 24 WC History SC History GA BAV12 UT WOS:000305581000008 ER PT J AU Look, DC AF Look, David C. BE Jagadish, C Pearton, SJ TI Doping and Defects in ZnO SO ZINC OXIDE BULK, THIN FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID P-TYPE ZNO; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER-DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE SURFACE; ZN3N2 THIN-FILMS; N-TYPE ZNO; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NITROGEN ACCEPTORS AB ZnO is a wide bandgap semiconductor material with numerous present applications, such as varistors and surface acoustic wave devices, and future applications, including UV light-emitting diodes and transparent field-effect transistors. However, all of these applications are either dependent upon, or are affected by, impurities and defects. We will consider donor-type impurities H, Al, Ga, and In; and acceptor-type impurities N, P, As, and Sb. Among defects, we will concentrate on Zn interstitials, Zn vacancies, O vacancies, and complexes of each. The main experimental techniques discussed here include temperature-dependent Hall-effect and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements, because they alone can provide donor and acceptor concentrations, and donor energies. Surface conduction is important in the Hall-effect analysis of annealed samples, and is included by means of a two-layer analysis. The important topic of p-type ZnO is considered in some detail, especially in connection with the most useful acceptor dopants. C1 [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, David C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 94 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-046403-9 PY 2006 BP 21 EP 42 DI 10.1016/B978-008044722-3/50002-6 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BCS44 UT WOS:000311278400003 ER PT J AU Shiokawa, K Yago, K Yumoto, K Baishev, DG Solovyev, SI Rich, FJ Mende, SB AF Shiokawa, K Yago, K Yumoto, K Baishev, DG Solovyev, SI Rich, FJ Mende, SB TI Ground and satellite observations of substorm onset arcs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; AURORAL SUBSTORM; CURRENT SYSTEM; PULSATIONS; TAIL; FLOW; MAGNETOTAIL; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS AB [1] Auroral features and associated particles and fields are investigated for a sequence of substorm onsets observed at similar to 1900 MLT on 24 October 2000. During a 30-min interval at 1020 - 1050 UT, we identified three Pi 2 wave packets with positive H enhancements at midlatitudes and associated auroral brightenings in auroral images obtained by a ground all-sky camera and the IMAGE FUV imager. The DMSP F15 satellite crossed brightening arcs during the third Pi 2 pulsation in the field-of-view of the ground camera at Tixie (66.0 degrees MLAT), Russia. The crossing was 1 - 2 hours duskside of the main onset local time. The brightening arcs were located in the region 1 upward field-aligned current system. The most equatorward arc, which brightened just after the second Pi 2 pulsation, was at the equatorward boundary of the region 1 current and in the sunward convection region. The arcs corresponded to inverted-V accelerated electrons with energies of similar to 10 keV. On the basis of these simultaneous ground-satellite measurements, we discuss substorm onset models of reconnection/ flow braking and near-Earth plasma sheet instabilities. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Yu G Shafer Inst Cosmophys Res & Aeron, Yakutsk 677980, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Models Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. EM shiokawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; yago@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; yumoto@serc.kyushu-u.ac.jp; baishev@ikfia.ysn.ru; s.i.solovyev@ikfia.ysn.ru; frederick.rich@hanscom.af.mil; mende@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Baishev, Dmitry/D-3018-2013; OI Baishev, Dmitry/0000-0002-0229-5792 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12225 DI 10.1029/2005JA011281 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 001BK UT WOS:000234507300004 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Brown, GJ Munshi, SR Ullrich, B AF Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Brown, GJ Munshi, SR Ullrich, B TI Short-period InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for mid-infrared detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Using a newly developed envelope function approximation model that includes interface effects, several InAs/GaSb Type-II superlattices (SLs) were designed for the 4 mu m detection threshold. The present model predicts that a given threshold can be reached with a wide range of progressively thinner SL periods and these thinner designs hold a promise of higher mobilities and longer Auger lifetimes, thus higher detector operating temperatures. The proposed SL structures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with slow growth rates. As predicted, the band gaps of SLs determined by low-temperature photoluminescence remained constant around 330 meV for the samples in the period range from 50.6 to 21.2 angstrom. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Mat, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.afrl.mil NR 12 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 26 AR 261106 DI 10.1063/1.2150269 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 998SD UT WOS:000234338700006 ER PT J AU Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR TI Time-resolved dynamics of resonant and nonresonant broadband picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; SUPPRESSION AB The time-resolved dynamics of resonant and nonresonant broadband picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signals in gas-phase media are investigated. For similar to 135 ps pump and probe beams and similar to 106 ps Stokes beams, the magnitude of the nonresonant signals are decreased by more than three orders of magnitude when the probe beam is delayed by similar to 110 ps, whereas the resonant nitrogen CARS signal is reduced only by a factor of 3. Investigation of these time dynamics is important for understanding the optimal time delay for nonresonant background suppression as well as for understanding the collisional and Doppler dependence of the resonant CARS signals. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 11 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 26 AR 264103 DI 10.1063/1.2159576 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 998SD UT WOS:000234338700105 ER PT J AU Varanasi, C Barnes, PN Burke, J Carpenter, J Haugan, TJ AF Varanasi, C Barnes, PN Burke, J Carpenter, J Haugan, TJ TI Controlled introduction of flux pinning centers in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) films during pulsed-laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; DISPERSIONS AB To introduce controlled random inclusion of nanometer-sized nonsuperconducting particulates in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) films for flux pinning enhancement, a special pulsed-laser-ablation YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) target with a Y(2)BaCuO(5) sector was made and the films were deposited on LaAlO(3) substrates. Initial results showed that the films consist of 10-20 nm-sized precipitates. In a 0.5 mu m thick film, a transport critical current density (J(c))> 3 MA/cm(2) at 77 K in self-field was measured. Magnetization J(c) at 77 and 65 K showed significant improvements in these films with fine precipitates as compared to regular YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) films (> 10 times increase at 9 T, 65 K). C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 26 AR 262510 DI 10.1063/1.2143112 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 998SD UT WOS:000234338700063 ER PT J AU Vosbein, HAT Boatz, JA Kenney, JW AF Vosbein, HAT Boatz, JA Kenney, JW TI Moment analysis method as applied to the S-2 -> P-2 transition in cryogenic alkali metal/rare gas matrices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; ATOM BLUE TRIPLET; ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-ABLATION; XENON MATRICES; S-2->P-2 TRANSITION; ELECTRONIC STATES; RESONANCE SPECTRA; LITHIUM ATOMS AB The moment analysis method (MA) has been tested for the case of S-2 -> P-2 ([core]ns(1) -> [core]np(1)) transitions of alkali metal atoms (M) doped into cryogenic rare gas (Rg) matrices using theoretically validated simulations. Theoretical/computational M/Rg system models are constructed with precisely defined parameters that closely mimic known M/Rg systems. Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are then employed to generate simulated absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of the S-2 -> P-2 M/Rg transition to which the MA method can be applied with the goal of seeing how effective the MA method is in re-extracting the M/Rg system parameters from these known simulated systems. The MA method is summarized in general, and an assessment is made of the use of the MA method in the rigid shift approximation typically used to evaluate M/Rg systems. The MC-MCD simulation technique is summarized, and validating evidence is presented. The simulation results and the assumptions used in applying MA to M/Rg systems are evaluated. The simulation results on Na/Ar demonstrate that the MA method does successfully re-extract the P-2 spin-orbit coupling constant and Lande g-factor values initially used to build the simulations. However, assigning physical significance to the cubic and noncubic Jahn-Teller (JT) vibrational mode parameters in cryogenic M/Rg systems is not supported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Concordia Univ, Chem Phys Lab, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Vosbein, HAT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 22 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 50 BP 11453 EP 11461 DI 10.1021/jp053592m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 995QR UT WOS:000234119400017 ER PT J AU Wang, B Zhang, GQ Glushchenko, A West, JL Bos, PJ McManamon, PF AF Wang, B Zhang, GQ Glushchenko, A West, JL Bos, PJ McManamon, PF TI Stressed liquid-crystal optical phased array for fast tip-tilt wavefront correction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; MODULATOR; DEVICE; LIGHT AB A liquid-crystal optical phased-array technology that uses stressed liquid crystals provides a new type of tip-tilt wavefront corrector. It demonstrates a very fast time response (10 kHz) and high beam-steering efficiency (similar to 91%). The new technology presented here will allow for a nonmechanical, high-speed correction with simple device construction. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. AFRL, SNJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM wangbin@lci.kent.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 36 BP 7754 EP 7759 DI 10.1364/AO.44.007754 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 995CT UT WOS:000234078200010 PM 16381523 ER PT J AU McCurnin, DC Yoder, BA Coalson, J Grubb, P Kerecman, J Kupferschmid, J Breuer, C Siler-Khodr, T Shaul, PW Clyman, R AF McCurnin, DC Yoder, BA Coalson, J Grubb, P Kerecman, J Kupferschmid, J Breuer, C Siler-Khodr, T Shaul, PW Clyman, R TI Effect of ductus ligation on cardiopulmonary function in premature baboons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bronchopulmonary dysplasia; chronic lung disease; patent ductus arteriosus; premature newborn ID CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; HYALINE-MEMBRANE DISEASE; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; PRETERM INFANTS; EARLY CLOSURE; INTRAVENOUS INDOMETHACIN; EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT AB Rationale: The role of the patent ductus arteriosus in the development of chronic lung disease in surfactant-treated premature newborns remains unclear. Objective: To examine the effects of ductus ligation on cardiopulmonary function and lung histopathology in premature primates. Methods: Baboons were delivered at 125 cl, (term 185 d) treated with surfactant, and ventilated for 14 d. Serial echocardiograms and pulmonary function tests were performed. Animals were randomized to ligation (n = 12) or no ligation (controls, n = 13) on Day 6 of life. Necropsy was performed on Day 14. Results: Compared with nonligated control animals, ligated animals had lower pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratios, higher systemic blood pressures, and improved indices of right and left ventricular performance. The ligated animals tended to have better compliance and ventilation indices for the last 3 d of the study. There were no differences between the groups in proinflammatory tracheal cytokines (Interleukin [IL] 6 and IL-8), static lung compliance, or lung histology. Conclusion: Although a persistent patent ductus arteriosus results in diminished cardiac function and increased ventilatory requirements at the end of the second week of life, ligation on Day 6 had no measurable effect on the histologic evolution of chronic lung injury in this 14-d baboon model. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Cardiovasc Res, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP McCurnin, DC (reprint author), MSC 7812,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM mccurnin@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51RR13986]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 63399, HL52636, HL56061] NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 172 IS 12 BP 1569 EP 1574 DI 10.1164/rccm.200502-2300C PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 994GK UT WOS:000234019000018 PM 16179644 ER PT J AU Mlynczak, MG Martin-Torres, FJ Crowley, G Kratz, DP Funke, B Lu, G Lopez-Puertas, M Russell, JM Kozyra, J Mertens, C Sharma, R Gordley, L Picard, R Winick, J Paxton, L AF Mlynczak, MG Martin-Torres, FJ Crowley, G Kratz, DP Funke, B Lu, G Lopez-Puertas, M Russell, JM Kozyra, J Mertens, C Sharma, R Gordley, L Picard, R Winick, J Paxton, L TI Energy transport in the thermosphere during the solar storms of April 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 5.3 MU-M; TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SABER EXPERIMENT; NUMERICAL-MODEL; ATOMIC OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE; IONOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; ENERGETICS AB [1] The dramatic solar storm events of April 2002 deposited a large amount of energy into the Earth's upper atmosphere, substantially altering the thermal structure, the chemical composition, the dynamics, and the radiative environment. We examine the flow of energy within the thermosphere during this storm period from the perspective of infrared radiation transport and heat conduction. Observations from the SABER instrument on the TIMED satellite are coupled with computations based on the ASPEN thermospheric general circulation model to assess the energy flow. The dominant radiative response is associated with dramatically enhanced infrared emission from nitric oxide at 5.3 mu m from which a total of similar to 7.7 x 10(23) ergs of energy are radiated during the storm. Energy loss rates due to NO emission exceed 2200 Kelvin per day. In contrast, energy loss from carbon dioxide emission at 15 mm is only similar to 2.3% that of nitric oxide. Atomic oxygen emission at 63 mu m is essentially constant during the storm. Energy loss from molecular heat conduction may be as large as 3.8% of the NO emission. These results confirm the "natural thermostat'' effect of nitric oxide emission as the primary mechanism by which storm energy is lost from the thermosphere below 210 km. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. AS & M Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. G & A Tech Software, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Mlynczak, MG (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM m.g.mlynczak@nasa.gov RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015 OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236 NR 31 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12S25 DI 10.1029/2005JA011141 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 998CR UT WOS:000234296100003 ER PT J AU Owens, MJ Arge, CN Spence, HE Pembroke, A AF Owens, MJ Arge, CN Spence, HE Pembroke, A TI An event-based approach to validating solar wind speed predictions: High-speed enhancements in the Wang-Sheeley-Arge model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FORECAST; SUN AB [1] One of the primary goals of the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) effort is to assess and improve prediction of the solar wind conditions in near-Earth space, arising from both quasi-steady and transient structures. We compare 8 years of L1 in situ observations to predictions of the solar wind speed made by the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) empirical model. The mean-square error (MSE) between the observed and model predictions is used to reach a number of useful conclusions: there is no systematic lag in the WSA predictions, the MSE is found to be highest at solar minimum and lowest during the rise to solar maximum, and the optimal lead time for 1 AU solar wind speed predictions is found to be 3 days. However, MSE is shown to frequently be an inadequate "figure of merit'' for assessing solar wind speed predictions. A complementary, event-based analysis technique is developed in which high-speed enhancements (HSEs) are systematically selected and associated from observed and model time series. WSA model is validated using comparisons of the number of hit, missed, and false HSEs, along with the timing and speed magnitude errors between the forecasted and observed events. Morphological differences between the different HSE populations are investigated to aid interpretation of the results and improvements to the model. Finally, by defining discrete events in the time series, model predictions from above and below the ecliptic plane can be used to estimate an uncertainty in the predicted HSE arrival times. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Owens, MJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM mjowens@bu.edu RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011 OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12105 DI 10.1029/2005JA011343 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 998CR UT WOS:000234296100008 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Schaefer, DW Shi, DL Lian, J Brown, J Beaucage, G Wang, LM Ewing, RC AF Zhao, J Schaefer, DW Shi, DL Lian, J Brown, J Beaucage, G Wang, LM Ewing, RC TI How does surface modification aid in the dispersion of carbon nanofibers? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NANOTUBES; ACID AB Small-angle light scattering is used to assess the dispersion behavior of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers suspended in water. These data provide the first insights into the mechanism by which surface treatment promotes dispersion. Both acid-treated and untreated nanofibers exhibit hierarchical morphology consisting of small-scale aggregates (small bundles) that agglomerate to form fractal clusters that eventually precipitate. Although the morphology of the aggregates and agglomerates is nearly independent of surface treatment, their time evolution is quite different. The time evolution of the small-scale bundles is studied by extracting the size distribution from the angle-dependence of the scattered intensity, using the maximum entropy method in conjunction with a simplified tube form factor. The bundles consist of multiple tubes possibly aggregated side-by-side. Acid oxidation has little effect on this bundle morphology. Rather acid treatment inhibits agglomeration of the bundles. The time evolution of agglomeration is followed by fitting the scattering data to a generalized fractal model. Agglomerates appear immediately after cessation of sonication for untreated fibers but only after hours for treated fibers. Eventually, however, both systems precipitate. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBCO,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 49 BP 23351 EP 23357 DI 10.1021/jp055129f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 992DJ UT WOS:000233864300040 PM 16375306 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Kosch, MJ Pedersen, TR Burke, WJ AF Mishin, EV Kosch, MJ Pedersen, TR Burke, WJ TI HF-induced airglow at magnetic zenith: Thermal and parametric instabilities near electron gyroharmonics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED INCOHERENT BACKSCATTER; ASPECT ANGLE DEPENDENCE; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION; CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; RADIO-WAVES; FREQUENCY; TROMSO; HAARP; PLASMA AB We analyze airglow induced by intense radio waves at the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility for pump frequencies f(0) near the second and third electron gyroharmonic (f(c)). While passing through the double resonance in the weakening ionosphere during heating at f(0)similar to 2f(c), airglow intensities rose abruptly and remained elevated during four consecutive pulses. During this period both the thermal and parametric instabilities coexisted. Subsequently, the thermal parametric instability was hampered. The effectiveness of heating near the second gyroharmonic is ascribed to specific dispersion characteristics near the double resonance. The observations suggest that Langmuir waves participate in cyclotron acceleration when the local plasma and second gyroharmonic frequencies match. With f(0)similar to 3f(c) the airglow terminated due to the suppression of cyclotron acceleration and parametric decay instability. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM evgenii.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; m.kosch@lancaster.ac.uk; todd.pedersen@hanscom.af.mil; william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 23 AR L23106 DI 10.1029/2005GL023864 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 998BG UT WOS:000234292300001 ER PT J AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW AF Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW TI The IDV index: Its derivation and use in inferring long-term variations of the interplanetary magnetic field strength SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; IRRADIANCE AB On the basis of a consideration of Bartels' historical u index of geomagnetic activity, we devise an equivalent index that we refer to as the interdiurnal variability (IDV). The IDV index has the interesting and useful property of being highly correlated with the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field (B; R-2 = 0.75) and essentially unaffected by the solar wind speed (V; R-2 = 0.01) as measured by spacecraft. This enables us to obtain the variation of B from 1872 to the present, providing an independent check on previously reported results for the evolution of this parameter. We find that solar cycle average B increased by similar to 25% from the 1900s to the 1950s and has been lower since. If predictions for a small solar cycle 24 bear out, solar cycle average B will return to levels of similar to 100 years ago during the coming cycle(s). C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 4428507, Japan. Easy Toolkit Inc, Houston, TX USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Svalgaard, L (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Honohara 3-13, Aichi 4428507, Japan. EM leif@leif.org NR 30 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 13 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12103 DI 10.1029/2005JA011203 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 998CO UT WOS:000234295800005 ER PT J AU Kranthi, NS Nizam, MO Kirawanich, P Islam, NE Sharma, AK Lucero, SL AF Kranthi, NS Nizam, MO Kirawanich, P Islam, NE Sharma, AK Lucero, SL TI Fields analysis of enhanced charge collection in nanoscale grated photo detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL PHOTODETECTORS; SILICON AB Electromagnetic energy transmitted through the gratings in the active region of a metal-semiconductor-metal detector was analyzed to account for enhanced collection efficiency. This study shows that a wall-like grating on the surface of the active region results in enhanced transmission of electromagnetic energy, which contributes to greater carrier production and higher collection efficiency. Analyses also show that the collection efficiency can be further improved with square gratings on the surface of the active region. A maximum in collection efficiency is achieved when the square gratings cover about 65.5% of the active region surface. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, MO 65211 USA. Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, MO 65211 USA. EM islamn@missouri.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 24 AR 244101 DI 10.1063/1.2143137 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 991PM UT WOS:000233825900107 ER PT J AU Sherer, SE Scott, JN AF Sherer, SE Scott, JN TI High-order compact finite-difference methods on general overset grids SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high-order methods; overset-grid methods; interpolation; computational fluid dynamics ID COMPOSITE OVERLAPPING MESHES; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; B-SPLINE; COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; TURBULENT FLOWS; SCHEMES; INTERPOLATION; SIMULATIONS; RESOLUTION AB This work investigates the coupling of a very high-order finite-difference algorithm for the solution of conservation laws on general curvilinear meshes with overset-grid techniques originally developed to address complex geometric configurations. The solver portion of the algorithm is based on Pade-type compact finite-differences of up to sixth-order, with up to 10th-order filters employed to remove spurious waves generated by grid non-uniformities, boundary conditions and flow non-linearities. The overset-grid approach is utilized as both a domain-decomposition paradigm for implementation of the algorithm on massively parallel machines and as a means for handling geometric complexity in the computational domain. Two key features have been implemented in the current work; the ability of the highorder algorithm to accommodate holes cut in grids by the overset-grid approach, and the use of high-order interpolation at non-coincident grid overlaps. Several high-order/high-accuracy interpolation methods were considered, and a high-order, explicit, non-optimized Lagrangian method was found to be the most accurate and robust for this application. Several two-dimensional benchmark problems were examined to validate the interpolation methods and the overall algorithm. These included grid-to-grid interpolation of analytic test functions, the inviscid convection of a vortex, laminar flow over single- and double-cylinder configurations, and the scattering of acoustic waves from one- and three-cylinder configurations. The employment of the overset-grid techniques, coupled with high-order interpolation at overset boundaries, was found to be an effective way of employing the high-order algorithm for more complex geometries than was previously possible. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Sherer, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM scott.sherer@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 210 IS 2 BP 459 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.04.017 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 962WD UT WOS:000231762900004 ER PT J AU Trinkle, DR Woodward, C AF Trinkle, DR Woodward, C TI The chemistry of deformation: How solutes soften pure metals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS AB Solutes have been added to strengthen elemental metals, generating usable materials for millennia; in the 1960s, solutes were found to also soften metals. Despite the empirical correlation between the "electron number" of the solute and the change in strength of the material to which it is added, the mechanism responsible for softening is poorly understood. Using state-of-the-art quantum-mechanical methods, we studied the direct interaction of transition-metal solutes with dislocations in molybdenum. The interaction increases dramatically with increasing electron number and strongly influences the mechanisms responsible for plasticity in these materials. Our quantitative model explains solution softening of metals by using changes in energy and stress scales of plasticity from solutes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trinkle, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dallas.trinkle@wpafb.af.mil RI Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 NR 18 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 9 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5754 BP 1665 EP 1667 DI 10.1126/science.1118616 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 993NV UT WOS:000233961700040 PM 16339441 ER PT J AU Jakubiak, R Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Lloyd, P Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA AF Jakubiak, R Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Lloyd, P Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA TI Dynamic lasing from all-organic two-dimensional photonic crystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; HOLOGRAPHIC LITHOGRAPHY; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK; LIGHT AMPLIFICATION; GAIN-ENHANCEMENT; POLYMER; LASER AB Optically pumped lasing of pyrromethene 597 in 2D columnar photonic crystals (PCs) derived from holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (LCs, see Figure) exhibit resolution-limited linewidths of 1.9 nm and thresholds of less than 200 mu J cm(-2). Electric field modulation of the LC directors allows tuning of the laser mode over 5 nm. Use of PC properties that go beyond those associated with the photonic bandgap may lead to organic-based PCs for linear/nonlinear nanophotonics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 5 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 23 BP 2807 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200501291 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 993KB UT WOS:000233951900006 ER PT J AU Emergo, RLS Wu, JZ Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Emergo, RLS Wu, JZ Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN TI Tuning porosity of YBa2Cu3O7-delta vicinal films by insertion of Y2BaCuO5 nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THICK-FILMS; DEPOSITION; CONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE AB High critical current density (J(c)) is the most critical specification for high-temperature-superconductor-coated conductors as required by numerous electric power-related applications. This has motivated an intensive research effort on the effects of microstructure on J(c). By growing YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films at a small vicinal angle [R. L. S. Emergo, J. Z. Wu, T. Aytug, and D. K. Christen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 618 (2004)] we have recently obtained a highly porous structure in these films accompanied with a significantly enhanced J(c). This result raises a challenging question on whether the porosity can be tailored in YBCO films to allow a higher J(c). In this study, we have explored the insertion of Y2BaCuO5 (211) nanoparticles in vicinal YBCO thick films to alter the strain at the nanometer scale; a nearly doubled pore density was obtained. A further improved J(c) as the consequence of the enhanced pore density in these films suggests a direct correlation between microstructure and J(c) and projects an even higher J(c) in YBCO films with microstructure engineered optimally at a nanometer scale. (c) 2005 Americian Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Emergo, RLS (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM remergo@ku.edu NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 23 AR 232503 DI 10.1063/1.2140467 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 990DK UT WOS:000233723200052 ER PT J AU Rachal, J Lacy, TJ Warner, CH Whelchel, J AF Rachal, J Lacy, TJ Warner, CH Whelchel, J TI Characteristics of combined family practice-psychiatry residency programs SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; INTERNAL-MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; PRACTITIONERS; PERSPECTIVES; MANAGEMENT; PHYSICIANS; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: To evaluate how family practice-psychiatry residency programs meet the challenges of rigorous accreditation demands, clinical supervision, and boundaries of practice. Method: A 54-question survey of program directors of family practice-psychiatry residency programs outlining program demographic data, curricula, coordination, resident characteristics, integration, and overall satisfaction was mailed to 11 combined family practice psychiatry-residency programs. Results: Programs surveyed were meeting residency review committee (RRC) requirements, and a majority of the program directors believe that the training is as good as or better than categorical programs, and categorical residents benefited from training alongside combined residents. Conclusions: Training programs are growing in size and producing quality physicians. C1 Div Mental Hlth, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Warner, CH (reprint author), Div Mental Hlth, Bldg 601 E, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. EM christopher.h.warner@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1176/appi.ap.29.5.419 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 998EK UT WOS:000234301200003 PM 16387963 ER PT J AU Warner, CH Bobo, WV Flynn, J AF Warner, CH Bobo, WV Flynn, J TI Early career professional development issues for military academic psychiatrists SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MENTORING PROGRAM; RESIDENT RESEARCH; MEDICINE; FACULTY AB Objective: Academically motivated graduates of military psychiatric residency programs confront serious challenges. Method: In this article, the authors present a junior faculty development model organized around four overlapping domains: mentorship, scholarship, research, and career planning/ development. Using these four domains as a platform for discussion, the authors focus on challenges facing academically oriented early-career military psychiatrists and provide guidance. Conclusion: The authors believe that a proactive stance, skillful mentoring, self-awareness through conscious planning and effort, ability to capitalize on existing opportunities for growth, and attention to detail are all vital to the junior military psychiatrist. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Warner, CH (reprint author), Div Mental Hlth, Bldg 601 E, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. EM christopher.h.warner@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1176/appi.ap.29.5.437 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 998EK UT WOS:000234301200006 PM 16387966 ER PT J AU Braslow, KJ Feeney, DJ Elliott, GR Matthews, KL Bush, AC AF Braslow, KJ Feeney, DJ Elliott, GR Matthews, KL Bush, AC TI Improving recruitment and funding in psychiatry by teaching college undergraduates SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-SCHOOL; STUDENTS AB Objective: To explore attitudes among leaders in psychiatric training about the usefulness of teaching college undergraduates about psychiatry and to assess benefits in recruitment and funding. Method: A survey of current practices and beliefs was sent to most adult and child psychiatry residency training directors (RTDs) and Chairs of academic departments of psychiatry in the U. S.). A follow-up survey was then sent to RTDs at responding programs that teach undergraduates. Interviews were also conducted with education experts to learn about the potential financial benefits of teaching undergraduates. Results: Of the 289 (64%) respondents to the first survey, 237 (82%) expressed that teaching undergraduates might or would lead to increased recruitment. All RTDs at responding programs that offered courses answered the second survey, and four reported that undergraduate teaching brings in revenue. Experts confirmed the financial feasibility of these courses. Conclusion: Undergraduate psychiatry courses may increase overall recruitment and provide financial benefits for the departments that offer such courses. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Braslow, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Childrens Ctr Langley Porter, 401 Parnassus Ave,Rm LP 140, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM kbraslow@lppi.ucsf.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.1176/appi.ap.29.5.459 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 998EK UT WOS:000234301200010 PM 16387970 ER PT J AU Huzij, TJ Warner, CH Lacy, T Rachal, J AF Huzij, TJ Warner, CH Lacy, T Rachal, J TI Teaching psychiatry to family practice residents SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; GENERALIZED ANXIETY; EDUCATION; SKILLS AB Objective: This article outlines a psychiatry curriculum developed for family practice residents by family practice-psychiatry residents. Methods: A literature review, needs assessment, planning, implementation, and initial assessment were conducted. Conclusion: Early results demonstrated improved general psychiatric knowledge and a high level of satisfaction. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Ehrling Berquist Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Offutt AFB, NE USA. RP Warner, CH (reprint author), Div Mental Hlth, Bldg,601 E, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. EM christopher.h.warner@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1176/appi.ap.29.5.479 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 998EK UT WOS:000234301200014 PM 16387974 ER PT J AU Lacy, T Flynn, J Warren, D AF Lacy, T Flynn, J Warren, D TI Supervision and boundaries in a combined family practice and psychiatry residency training program: The national capital consortium experience SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-MEDICINE AB Objectives: The combined discipline of family practice and psychiatry was created in 1995. There are no established guidelines for 1) teaching residents how to integrate these two specialties, 2) providing appropriate supervision, and 3) helping residents develop personal and professional boundaries. The authors share their approach and aim to stimulate dialogue and promote the establishment of standards for combined programs. Method: The authors review some of the difficulties encountered in supervising family practice-psychiatry residents and the rationale for their approach. Results: Providing residents with clear boundaries of practice and supervision that initially separate the two specialties during training facilitates the development of specialty knowledge and skills as well as the capacity to form clear boundaries. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that only when residents learn the appropriate practice and boundaries of each specialty can they successfully integrate the two without boundary or role confusion. C1 Malcom Grow Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Malcom Grow Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Lacy, T (reprint author), Mental Hlth Flight, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1176/appi.ap.29.5.483 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 998EK UT WOS:000234301200015 PM 16387975 ER PT J AU Silver, MJ Peterson, LD Erwin, RS AF Silver, MJ Peterson, LD Erwin, RS TI Predictive elastothermodynamic damping in finite element models by using a perturbation formulation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC/SDM 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL DENVER, CO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID VIBRATIONS AB A method is presented by which elastothermodynamic damping can be included in finite element formulations for design analysis. In this method, elastothermodynamic damping theory is combined with a perturbation method previously developed for viscoelastic modeling. A key aspect of this approach is that it projects elastothermodynamic damping onto the undamped mode shapes of the structure. A finite element formulation is developed and presented for beams in both bending and extension. The finite element formulation creates nonsparse, nonsymmetric damping and stiffness matrices. Results with this method for various cases are discussed. After validation against the classic Zener model damping prediction, the method is applied to the analysis of damping in a three-dimensional truss. The results show that elastothermodynamic damping is higher for modes with a larger portion of their strain energy due to local member bending rather than extension. Through examples it is shown that to maximize elastothermodynamic damping in a truss, both the member cross section and the truss mode shapes must be considered. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Aerosp Struct, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Silver, MJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Aerosp Struct, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Mark.Silver@Colorado.edu; Lee.Peterson@Colorado.edu; Richard.Erwin@kirtland.af.mil NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2646 EP 2653 DI 10.2514/1.12329 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 991YL UT WOS:000233850700021 ER PT J AU King, MM Osswald, MB AF King, MM Osswald, MB TI Adjuvant chemotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP King, MM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM melissaking@lackland.af.mil NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6 BP 634 EP 634 DI 10.1097/01.coc.0000170803.20722.2d PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 991KC UT WOS:000233811900019 PM 16317279 ER PT J AU Overton, JD Vance, RI AF Overton, JD Vance, RI TI Effect of adhesive volume on the bond strength of bonded complex amalgam restorations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-EVALUATION AB Purpose: To evaluate in vitro the effect of adhesive volume on the bond strength of bonded complex amalgam restorations using Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder. Methods: Standardized 6 mm-diameter dentin cylinders were prepared from 30 extracted human molar teeth. Specimens were divided into two groups (n=15). Group 1 received a minimal volume (5 mu l) of Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder and Group 2 received a surplus volume (10 mu l) of Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder. Amalgam restorations were placed, and loaded at 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth using an Instron testing machine. Results: Group 1: 14.71 (+/- 3.41) MPa, Group 2: 15.67 (+/- 3.72) MPa. A Student's t-test indicated no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Restorat Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Overton, JD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Restorat Dent, MSC 7890,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM overtonj@uthscsa.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI WESTON PA 318 INDIAN TRACE #500, WESTON, FL 33326 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 320 EP 322 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 022VN UT WOS:000236084300004 PM 16433399 ER PT J AU Silta, YT Dunn, WJ Peters, CB AF Silta, YT Dunn, WJ Peters, CB TI Effect of shorter polymerization times when using the latest generation of light-emitting diodes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR BOND STRENGTH; ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; IN-VITRO; CURING UNITS; CURE; INTENSITY; DEPTH AB Recent studies have suggested that a 10-second cure time with a high-energy quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) or a light-emitting diode (LED) light might be adequate when bonding orthodontic brackets to tooth enamel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the latest generation of QTH and LED light-curing units (LCUs) to bond orthodontic brackets to teeth at decreased polymerization times. Methods: Two LED LCUs (Ortholux LED, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif; UltraLume LED 5, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) and a QTH LCU (Optilux 501, Demetron, Danbury, Conn) were evaluated. One hundred eighty metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to extracted human molars. The specimens were divided into 9 groups (3 lights and 3 curing times) of 20 teeth each. Each group was cured with 1 of the 3 lights for 20, 10, or 6 seconds. Thirty minutes after polymerization, the specimens were subjected to shear force on a universal testing machine until bracket failure. Results: Two-way ANOVA detected significant differences among the main effects of light type and cure time. Tukey post-hoc tests determined that brackets bonded by all light types had lower bond strengths with the 6-second cure than the 20-second cure (P <.001). The highest bond strengths were obtained with the Optilux 501 QTH LCU and the UltraLume LED 5 LCU at the longest cure time of 20 seconds. Conclusions: It is recommended that orthodontic brackets be photopo-lymerized for at least 20 seconds with the QTH or the LED LCU before the archwires are engaged. C1 Lacklan Air Force Base, Tri Serv Residency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. Res Keelser Med Ctr, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), USAF, DC, 81 DS SGD,606 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39543 USA. EM darkhorse@cableone.net NR 36 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 128 IS 6 BP 744 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.09.029 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 995IP UT WOS:000234094300014 PM 16360915 ER PT J AU Mauk, HV Hingley, D AF Mauk, HV Hingley, D TI Student understanding of induced current: Using tutorials in introductory physics to teach electricity and magnetism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; WAVE AB Previous research indicates significant improvement in student conceptual understanding of physics topics after instruction with Tutorials in Introductory Physics at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. However, assessment of the effectiveness of tutorials at other institutions is crucial. We conducted such a field test at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado. Students using the tutorials were compared to students using the standard curriculum, students using tutorial pretests only, and students in the honors program. Assessment was based on conceptual questions involving induced current and force. Our results show that students using the tutorials in a modified setting outperformed the control group and rose to the level of performance of the honors students. Our analysis of student reasoning indicates areas where further development of the tutorials is warranted. (c) 2005 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mauk, HV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM heidi.mauk@usafa.af.mil NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1164 EP 1171 DI 10.1119/1.2117167 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 995KP UT WOS:000234099500011 ER PT J AU Arora, R Gal, TJ Hagan, LL AF Arora, R Gal, TJ Hagan, LL TI An unusual case of laryngomalacia presenting as asthma refractory to therapy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; ARYEPIGLOTTOPLASTY; OBSTRUCTION; PATIENT AB Background: Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants, but few reports exist of clinically relevant laryngomalacia in adults. Objective: To present and discuss an unusual late presentation of laryngomalacia and its significance in the evaluation and management of asthma. Methods: An 18-year-old woman presented to an academic medical center with symptoms of "wheezing" on inspiration and exertion, with relatively normal spirometric findings. She was clinically diagnosed as having asthma at the age of 13 years, but her symptoms were poorly controlled by maximal medical therapy. Further evaluation with rhinolaryngoscopy demonstrated laryngomalacia characterized by redundant soft tissue overlying the right arytenoid cartilage and aryepiglottic fold. Results: The patient demonstrated positive bronchoprovocation, with a 33% decrease in forced expiratory volume in I second after the administration of histamine, I mg/mL. However, with the otolaryngology evaluation, it was determined that her laryngeal findings were clinically significant. She subsequently underwent operative laryngoscopy with carbon dioxide laser excision of the laryngeal abnormality, resulting in improvement in her symptoms and a marked decrease in her need for asthma medication. Conclusions: We report an unusual case of laryngomalacia presenting as asthma that was successfully treated with laser surgical excision. This case emphasizes the necessity of differentiating classic wheezing from stridor and upper airway obstruction. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, MMIA, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM rajiv.arora@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 607 EP 611 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 996KV UT WOS:000234173700021 PM 16400903 ER PT J AU Carns, JL Cook, G Saleh, MA Guha, S Holmstrom, SA Evans, DR AF Carns, JL Cook, G Saleh, MA Guha, S Holmstrom, SA Evans, DR TI Spatial distribution of power coupling in self-pumped photorefractive reflection gratings SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; BEAMS; GAIN AB The spatial distribution of the power transfer achieved by contradirectional two-beam coupling using self-pumped photorefractive reflection gratings is investigated in two materials with different photorefractive gain coefficients, LiNbO3:Fe and KNbO3:Fe. Incremental portions of the volume grating are erased optically by inducing thin optical damage planes, reducing the overall two-beam coupling efficiency. By monitoring the effect of local grating disruption, the distribution of power transfer is spatially resolved throughout the crystal, and the results are found to be in agreement with our theoretical predictions. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Carns, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 34 BP 7452 EP 7457 DI 10.1364/AO.44.007452 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 989LH UT WOS:000233674700027 PM 16353818 ER PT J AU Cloran, FJ AF Cloran, FJ TI Cellulitis in grade III ankle sprain requiring treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cellulitis; MRSA; sprain; ankle; infection; methicillin-resistant staphlococcus aureus ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SKIN; INFECTIONS AB This case report describes a novel occurrence of a Grade III ankle sprain complicated by cellulitis. The patient ultimately required aspiration of an extra-articular fluid collection and treatment with parenteral antibiotics due to worsening of the infection despite treatment with second-generation cephalosporins. This individual's infection was consistent with MRSA-cellulitis. Cellulitis, in the context of a preceding ankle sprain, has not been reported in the literature; the resultant edema from the injury may have served as the nidus for infection. MRSA comprises a significant proportion of soft-tissue infections in the ambulatory setting, and physicians should incorporate this trend into therapeutic strategies for their infected patients. RP Cloran, FJ (reprint author), 7ADOS-SGGF,697 Louisiana Dr, Dyess AFB, TX 79607 USA. EM francis.cloran@dyess.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 76 IS 12 BP 1170 EP 1173 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 991BC UT WOS:000233786100013 PM 16370269 ER PT J AU Crittenden, PE Bahar, E AF Crittenden, PE Bahar, E TI A modal solution for reflection and transmission at a Chiral-Chiral interface SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED TELEGRAPHISTS EQUATIONS; STRATIFIED MEDIA; SCATTERING AB A harmonic Green's function solution for a magnetic line source above and below a flat interface between two chiral materials is derived. The solution is expressed in terms of the characteristic right and left circularly polarized waves. The harmonic Green's function formulation is converted into a modal representation. The modal representation is suitable for the complete expansion of the electromagnetic fields above and below a rough interface between two chiral materials with laterally varying material properties. The modal expansion is written in terms of orthogonal-basis and reciprocal-basis functions, which have been used to formulate generalized Fourier transforms and derive the generalized telegraphists' equations for electromagnetic fields in irregular chiral media. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Crittenden, PE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pcritten@afit.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1265 EP 1288 DI 10.1139/P05-067 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 010WY UT WOS:000235229800003 ER PT J AU Elgafy, A Lafdi, K AF Elgafy, A Lafdi, K TI Effect of carbon nanofiber additives on thermal behavior of phase change materials SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanofibers; shear mixing; thermal analysis; thermal conductivity; paraffin wax ID HEAT; SYSTEMS; FIBERS AB Thermal performance of nanocomposite carbon nanofibers filled paraffin wax was studied experimentally and analytically. The transient temperature response of made nanocomposite was measured during its solidification process and the cooling rate was predicted. It was found that nanocomposite thermal conductivities were enhanced significantly causing the cooling rate to increase. An analytical model was introduced based on one-dimensional heat conduction approach to predict the effective thermal conductivity for the new nanocomposites and its findings showed good agreement with the experimental data. Also, a comparative study was performed to investigate the effect of carbon nanofibers surface characteristics on thermal performance of paraffin wax. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lafdi, K (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM khalid.lafdi@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 161 Z9 175 U1 5 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 15 BP 3067 EP 3074 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.06.042 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 981HD UT WOS:000233077400003 ER PT J AU Rosebrock, G Elgafy, A Beechem, T Lafdi, K AF Rosebrock, G Elgafy, A Beechem, T Lafdi, K TI Study of the growth and motion of graphitic foam bubbles SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE porous carbon; cellular; modeling; graphitic foam ID CARBON FOAMS; VISCOUS-LIQUIDS; DIFFUSION; GAS; KINETICS AB In this paper, a numerical study is carried out to comprehend growth and movement of spherical bubble during foam processing. The numerical model is based on a level set technique for capturing the phase interface. The influences of surface tension, viscosity, pressure and diffusion through the system are monitored and related through simultaneous transfer of energy and mass between the liquid and vapor regions. Incorporating a level set scheme. the present model compares well with previous work. Through the contribution of non-dimensional parameters, a comparative study is performed to investigate and predict the effect of varying initial bubble radius and pressure as well as liquid viscosity. The predicted results shed light on the carbon foam formation, which will assist the achievement of tailoring carbon foams. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lafdi, K (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM greg.rosebrock@gmail.com; lafdi@udri.udayton.edu NR 31 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 15 BP 3075 EP 3087 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.06.044 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 981HD UT WOS:000233077400004 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NB Kotov, R Lerew, DR Joiner, TE Ialongo, NS AF Schmidt, NB Kotov, R Lerew, DR Joiner, TE Ialongo, NS TI Evaluating latent discontinuity in cognitive vulnerability to panic: A taxometric investigation SO COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cognitive vulnerability; anxiety; panic; taxometrics ID ANXIETY SENSITIVITY INDEX; 2 QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS; HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE; DETECTING TAXONICITY; BODY VIGILANCE; TRAIT ANXIETY; DISORDER; HYPERVENTILATION; REPLICATION; DEPRESSION AB Taxometrics is a statistical tool that can be used to discern psychopathological categories from continua. In this study, taxometric analyses were conducted to determine whether a psychopathological category (or taxon) underlies a cognitive vulnerability to panic (i.e., fear of anxiety symptoms and body vigilance). The construct was operationalized with 3 variables: the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Body Sensations Questionnaire, and the Body Vigilance Scale. The test was performed in a large nonclinical sample (N = 1,224). Analyses and consistency tests support the taxonic conjecture for the existence of a latent cognitive vulnerability taxon with a base rate of about 18% in this population. Moreover, tests of the taxon's utility indicated that taxon membership has incremental validity in predicting future panic attacks. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Schmidt, NB (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM schmidt@psy.fsu.edu NR 51 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-5916 J9 COGNITIVE THER RES JI Cogn. Ther. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 6 BP 673 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s10608-005-9632-y PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 052VK UT WOS:000238261800003 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Roy, A Lafdi, K Anderson, KL Chellapilla, S AF Buryachenko, VA Roy, A Lafdi, K Anderson, KL Chellapilla, S TI Multi-scale mechanics of nanocomposites including interface: Experimental and numerical investigation SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE microstructures; inhomogeneous material; elastic material ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; EFFECTIVE ELASTIC-MODULI; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES; EFFECTIVE THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; CARBON-FIBER COMPOSITES; MORI-TANAKA THEORY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; FINITE NUMBER AB The addition of minor amounts of fillers that have characteristic dimensions on the nanometer length scale to polymer matrix-based materials has attracted wide attention. A high aspect ratio of nanoelements and extraordinary mechanical properties (strength and flexibility) provide the ultimate reinforcement for the next generation of extremely lightweight but highly elastic and very strong advanced composite materials. However, the resultant physical behavior imparted by such an addition, has been, to date, difficult to quantify, especially for advanced thermoset composites. In an effort to better understand the phenomenological changes across multiple length- and time-scales, we first review currently reported methods of calculating nanoelement reinforced composite mechanical properties. Secondly, we describe recent experimental data along with a multi-scale modeling methodology for the calculation of elastic constants and local/interface properties for systems with statistically homogeneous distribution of embedded nanofillers (nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanoplates, or other heterogeneities, that are either aligned or randomly oriented). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ajit.Roy@wpafb.af.mil NR 200 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 65 IS 15-16 SI SI BP 2435 EP 2465 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.08.005 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 981GR UT WOS:000233076100014 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, DB TI Metal matrix composites - From science to technological significance SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MMC; processing; application ID DISCONTINUOUSLY-REINFORCED ALUMINUM; ENHANCED PLASTICITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; DUCTILITY; FRACTURE; DESIGN AB Over the past two decades - a period coinciding with publication of Composites Science and Technology - metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been transformed from a topic of scientific and intellectual interest to a material of broad technological and commercial significance. The worldwide MMC markets in 1999 accounted for 2500 metric tons valued at over $100M. Important MMC applications in the ground transportation (auto and rail), thermal management, aerospace, industrial, recreational and infrastructure industries have been enabled by functional properties that include high structural efficiency, excellent wear resistance, and attractive thermal and electrical characteristics. A suite of challenging technical issues has been overcome, including affordable primary and secondary processing, material design and development methodologies, and characterization and control of interfacial properties. This article describes the technological features that characterize the MMC industry. Matrix/reinforcement systems and primary and secondary processes of commercial significance will be broadly described. Several metrics that underscore the growing maturity of the MMC industry will be discussed, including the emergence of a second tier support industry and the growth of standardized materials and methods. MMC applications in the major markets of ground transportation, thermal management, aerospace, industrial, recreational and infrastructure will be described. Successful commercialization strategies will be discussed and insights for achieving expanded MMC applications will be given. A forward look at candidate approaches for the next generation of MMCs will be provided, including projections of new MMC paradigms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil RI chunyu, ma/A-1676-2011 NR 42 TC 447 Z9 486 U1 25 U2 159 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 65 IS 15-16 SI SI BP 2526 EP 2540 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.05.27 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 981GR UT WOS:000233076100021 ER PT J AU Abouchahine, S Allan, P Thurlby, J Frenia, D AF Abouchahine, S Allan, P Thurlby, J Frenia, D TI Partial cuff deflation reduces distal airway pressures and pulsatile tidal volume during high frequency percussive ventilation SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 07-11, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 12 SU S SI SI BP A110 EP A110 DI 10.1097/00003246-200512002-00393 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000ZG UT WOS:000234500900391 ER PT J AU Abouchahine, S Allan, P Thurlby, J Frenia, D AF Abouchahine, S Allan, P Thurlby, J Frenia, D TI Pulsatile inspiratory : expiratory ratios and frequency affects ventilation during high frequency percussive ventilation SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 07-11, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Surg Intens Care Unit, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 12 SU S SI SI BP A110 EP A110 DI 10.1097/00003246-200512002-00393 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000ZG UT WOS:000234500900389 ER PT J AU Bishop, J Thurlby, J Allan, P Abouchahine, S AF Bishop, J Thurlby, J Allan, P Abouchahine, S TI Can altering the oscillatory to demand CPAP differential improve pulsatile tidal volume during high frequency percussive ventilation(HFPV)? SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 07-11, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 12 SU S SI SI BP A110 EP A110 DI 10.1097/00003246-200512002-00395 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000ZG UT WOS:000234500900392 ER PT J AU Bridges, E Woods, S Evers, K Schmelz, J Harrington, I AF Bridges, E Woods, S Evers, K Schmelz, J Harrington, I TI Invasive pressure monitoring at altitude. SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 07-11, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 USAFSAM, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 59 CRES, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 12 SU S SI SI BP A13 EP A13 DI 10.1097/00003246-200512002-00050 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000ZG UT WOS:000234500900052 ER PT J AU Crawley, P Chaney, J Van de Kieft, M Allan, P AF Crawley, P Chaney, J Van de Kieft, M Allan, P TI Effect of automatic tube compensation versus pressure support on carinal pressure during airway pressure release ventilation(APRV) SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 07-11, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 12 SU S SI SI BP A109 EP A109 DI 10.1097/00003246-200512002-00391 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000ZG UT WOS:000234500900388 ER PT J AU Thurlby, L Abouchahine, S Taylor, T Smith, J Allan, P AF Thurlby, L Abouchahine, S Taylor, T Smith, J Allan, P TI Increasing proximal airway pressure compromises pulsatile tidal volume during high frequency percussive ventilation SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 07-11, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 12 SU S SI SI BP A110 EP A110 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 000ZG UT WOS:000234500900390 ER PT J AU Emond, C Michalek, JE Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ AF Emond, C Michalek, JE Birnbaum, LS DeVito, MJ TI Comparison of the use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and a classical pharmacokinetic model for dioxin exposure assessments SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE dioxin; epidemiology; PBPK; pharmacokinetic; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; Ranch Hand; risk assessment ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; INCLUDING HUMANS; FOLLOW-UP; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ELIMINATION; VETERANS; KINETICS AB In epidemiologic studies, exposure assessments of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) assume a fixed elimination rate. Recent data suggest a dose-dependent elimination rate for TCDD. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, which uses a body-burden-dependent elimination rate, was developed previously in rodents to describe the pharmacokinetics of TCDD and has been extrapolated to human exposure for this study. Optimizations were performed using data from a random selection of veterans from the Ranch Hand cohort and data from a human volunteer who was exposed to TCDD. Assessment of this PBPK model used additional data from the Ranch Hand cohort and a clinical report of two women exposed to TCDD. This PBPK model suggests that previous exposure assessments may have significantly underestimated peak blood concentrations, resulting in potential exposure misclassifications. Application of a PBPK model that incorporates an inducible elimination of TCDD may improve the exposure assessments in epidemiologic studies of TCDD. C1 US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20418 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP DeVito, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Expt Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Off Res & De, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM devito.mike@epa.gov NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 113 IS 12 BP 1666 EP 1668 DI 10.1289/ehp.8016 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 989ZP UT WOS:000233713200033 PM 16330344 ER PT J AU Nelson, DA Curlee, JS Curran, AR Ziriax, JM Mason, PA AF Nelson, DA Curlee, JS Curran, AR Ziriax, JM Mason, PA TI Determining localized garment insulation values from manikin studies: computational method and results SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clothing; heat transfer; sensible heat; insulation ID HUMAN THERMOREGULATION; WIDE-RANGE; PREDICTION AB The localized thermal insulation value expresses a garment's thermal resistance over the region which is covered by the garment, rather than over the entire surface of a subject or manikin. The determination of localized garment insulation values is critical to the development of high-resolution models of sensible heat exchange. A method is presented for determining and validating localized garment insulation values, based on whole-body insulation values (clo units) and using computer-aided design and thermal analysis software. Localized insulation values are presented for a catalog consisting of 106 garments and verified using computer-generated models. The values presented are suitable for use on volume element-based or surface element-based models of heat transfer involving clothed subjects. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. ThermoAnalyt Inc, Calumet, MI 49931 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Nelson, DA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM danelson@mtu.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 464 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s00421-005-0033-4 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 986RT UT WOS:000233468100010 PM 16172864 ER PT J AU Childs, MJD Piva, SR AF Childs, MJD Piva, SR TI Psychometric properties of the functional rating index in patients with low back pain SO EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE responsiveness; minimum clinically important difference; self-report measure; outcome measure; reliability ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CLINICAL-CHANGE; INTRAINDIVIDUAL CHANGES; RELIABLE INSTRUMENT; SPINAL CONDITIONS; DISABILITY INDEX; HEALTH-STATUS; RELIABILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RESPONSIVENESS AB Main Problem: The purpose of this study was to validate the psychometric properties of the functional rating index (FRI), establish the instrument's minimum clinically important difference (MCID), and compare its psychometric properties with the Oswestry questionnaire. Methods: This was a cohort study of patients with low back pain (LBP) undergoing physical therapy. One thirty one patients with a primary complaint of LBP participating in a clinical trial were assessed at baseline and at a 1- and 4-week follow-up. Test-re-test reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient, and validity was examined by determining the association between the FRI and Oswestry, a concurrent measure of disability. Responsiveness was examined by calculating the standard error of the measure, minimum detectable change, area under a receiver operating characteristic curve, and minimum clinically important difference. Changes in clinical status at each follow-up period were compared to the average of the patient and therapist's perceived improvement using the 15-point global rating of change scale. Results: Test-retest reliability of the FRI was moderate, with an intraclass correlation coefficient equal to 0.63 (0.35, 0.80). Validity of the FRI was supported by a moderate correlation between the FRI and Oswestry (r=0.67, P < 0.001). Area under the curve for the FRI was 0.93 (0.89, 0.98), and the minimum clinically important difference was approximately nine points. Conclusions: The FRI is less reliable than the Oswestry but appears to have comparable validity and responsiveness. Before the FRI can be recommended for widespread use in patients with neck and low back pain, it should be further tested in patients with neck pain. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Childs, MJD (reprint author), 508 Thurber Dr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. EM childsjd@bigfoot.com NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6719 J9 EUR SPINE J JI Eur. Spine J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1008 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/s00586-005-0900-z PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 993YL UT WOS:000233996000012 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ Nicholas, T AF Golden, PJ Nicholas, T TI The effect of angle on dovetail fretting experiments in Ti-6Al-4V SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE dovetail; fretting fatigue; titanium; Ti-6Al-4V ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE AB The objective of this work was to compare the fretting fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V dovetail specimens on Ti-6Al-4V pads having various contact angles typical of engine hardware; 35 degrees, 45 degrees and 55 degrees dovetail angles were considered. The dovetail fixtures were instrumented with strain gages so that the local normal and shear contact forces could be calculated. The contact force hysteresis loops were recorded showing the stick-slip history. At R = 0.1, gross slip was observed for several thousand cycles followed by partial slip after the average coefficient of friction increased. At R = 0.5, gross slip was present only during the first half cycle. During partial slip, the slope of the shear versus normal force was a function of the dovetail angle. The local contact loads, therefore, differed for the same remotely applied force. Despite this, the fretting fatigue life depended primarily on the remotely applied load not dovetail angle. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1169 EP 1175 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00956.x PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 998UR UT WOS:000234345900008 ER PT J AU Kahre, MA Murphy, JR Chanover, NJ Africano, JL Roberts, LC Kervin, PW AF Kahre, MA Murphy, JR Chanover, NJ Africano, JL Roberts, LC Kervin, PW TI Observing the martian surface albedo pattern: Comparing the AEOS and TES data sets SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Mars, atmosphere; atmospheres; structure; image processing; data reduction techniques ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MARS AB High spatial resolution images of Mars were acquired with the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) 3.63-meter telescope at the Maui Space Surveillance System (MSSS) during both the 2001 and 2003 Mars apparitions. Comparisons are made of the surface albedo patterns obtained from these AEOS images to the surface albedo maps constructed from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data taken during the same time periods. These comparisons demonstrate that the images provide albedo information in a limited area surrounding the sub-Earth point that is consistent with the TES-derived albedo field. Additionally, it is shown that by employing adaptive optics (AO), the typical ground-based observing season of Mars can be extended. This is the only known published AO data set of Mars with temporal coverage over an entire apparition. Changes in the surface albedo affect the local ground temperature, which impacts the depth of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) above the surface. Since it is the state of the PBL that controls surface/atmospheric interaction, albedo variations have the power to alter the amount of dust that is lifted. A one-dimensional radiative/convective version of the NASA Ames Mars General Circulation Model is used to demonstrate that the measured albedo variations can alter the daytime ground temperatures by as much as 5 K, which in turn alters the structure of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Therefore, albedo changes are thermodynamically important, and the ability to characterize them, should orbital observations become unavailable, is a valuable capability. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Boeing Co, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Detachment 15, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Kahre, MA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kahrema@nmsu.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 179 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.011 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 987XI UT WOS:000233550600004 ER PT J AU Ulander, LMH Lundberg, M Pierson, W Gustavsson, A AF Ulander, LMH Lundberg, M Pierson, W Gustavsson, A TI Change detection for low-frequency SAR ground surveillance SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; TARGETS AB Change detection using ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in the low end of the VHF band is shown to provide excellent performance for detection of vehicle-sized objects in forest concealment. Two different change detection algorithms are discussed and their performance evaluated. The two algorithms are based on similar statistical hypothesis testing, but differ in that one operates on complex (coherent change detection) whereas the other uses magnitude (incoherent change detection) image data. Algorithm evaluation is performed using radar data acquired with the airborne CARABAS-II SAR in northern Sweden. The data were collected during a change detection experiment with concealed vehicles in boreal forests (stand volume ca. 100 m(3)/ha). Results show that coherent change detection gives slightly better performance using full spatial resolution of the images, whereas the incoherent change detection gives better performance when spatial averaging (2x2 resolution cells) is included. A comparison with detecting vehicles using only single-pass images shows an increase of false alarms of one to two orders of magnitude at the same probability of detection. C1 Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Dept Radar Syst, SE-58111 Linkoping, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ulander, LMH (reprint author), Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Dept Radar Syst, POB 1165, SE-58111 Linkoping, Sweden. EM ulander@foi.se NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20050002 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 001GO UT WOS:000234521800006 ER PT J AU De Maio, A Farina, A Wicks, M AF De Maio, A Farina, A Wicks, M TI KB-GLRT: exploiting knowledge of the clutter ridge in airborne radar SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID DETECTION ALGORITHM; COVARIANCE-MATRIX AB Knowledge-based radar detection for space-time adaptive processing applications is addressed. At the design stage, the characteristic structure of the clutter ridge was taken account of and two decision rules were devised according to the generalised likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and the two-step GLRT criteria. The authors first deal with the case of a clutter ridge with integer slope and then discuss the more general framework of a non-integer slope. For the latter case only approximate GLRT detectors are provided due to the analytical difficulties connected with the exact solution of the problem. Analysis shows that the new knowledge-based systems can outperform some previously proposed adaptive schemes and can achieve a performance level very close to the optimum detector, which assumes the perfect knowledge of the clutter covariance matrix. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Selex Sistemi Integrati, I-00131 Rome, Italy. USAF, RL, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP De Maio, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, DIET Via Claudio 21, I-80125 Naples, Italy. EM a.demaio@unina.it OI DE MAIO, Antonio/0000-0001-8421-3318 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn.20045132 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 001GO UT WOS:000234521800007 ER PT J AU Kent, BM Watkins, J Freundl, K Coveyou, T Cravens, L Buterbaugh, A Griffith, AD Scully, R AF Kent, BM Watkins, J Freundl, K Coveyou, T Cravens, L Buterbaugh, A Griffith, AD Scully, R TI Electromagnetic interference attenuation test of the space shuttle Discovery using the air force research laboratory mobile diagnostic laboratory SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic measurements; electromagnetic interference; radar interference; radar measurements; attenuation measurement AB As NASA prepared the Space Shuttle for its first return-to-flight mission (STS-114) in July of 2005, a number of new visual and radar sensors were used during the critical ascent phase of the flight, to assess if unintentional debris was liberated from the Shuttle as it raced into orbit. New high-resolution C-band and X-band radars were used to help ascertain the location and speed of released debris. We also used both radars to monitor debris generated by routine flight events, such as solid rocket booster (SRB) separation. To assure that these new radars did not interfere with flight-critical engine subsystems, an electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement was performed on the Shuttle Orbiter Discovery in January, 2005, using the Air Force Research Laboratory's Mobile Diagnostic Laboratory (MDL). This portable EM measurement system performed a large number of attenuation measurements the night of January 17-18, 2005. This paper describes how the attenuation data were acquired, and the methodology used to reduce the data to predict average attenuation of the radar energy from the outside world to the inside of the aft engine bay of the Orbiter. These data were combined with a separate NASA-performed avionics EMI analysis to demonstrate that the new C- and X-band debris radars could be operated without adversely interfering with the Orbiter aft-bay avionics systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ATK, Mission Res, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kent, BM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNS Bldg 254,2591 K St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1109/MAP.2005.1608760 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 024SK UT WOS:000236216200016 ER PT J AU Krishna, S Kwon, OH Hayat, MM AF Krishna, S Kwon, OH Hayat, MM TI Theoretical investigation of quantum-dot avalanche photodiodes for mid-infrared applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE avalanche gain; avalanche photodiodes; dark current; excess noise factor; infrared detector; quantum-dot detectors; responsivity ID NOISE; DETECTORS AB A novel midinfrared sensor, called the quantum-dot avalanche photodiode (QDAP), is proposed which is expected to have improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the presence of Johnson noise over its quantum-dot (QD) counterpart. In the QDAP, an intersubband QD detector is coupled with a thin, low-noise GaAs avalanche layer through a tunnel barrier. The avalanche layer provides the necessary photocurrent gain required to overcome Johnson noise and nearly achieve the dark-current-limited SNR of the QD detector. In the proposed three-terminal device, the applied biases of the QD-detector and the avalanche-photodiode sections of the QDAP are controlled separately. This feature permits the control of the QDs responsivity and dark current independently of the operating avalanche gain, thereby allowing the optimization of the avalanche multiplication factor to maximize the photocurrent's SNR. Notably, a heterojunction potential-barrier layer can also be utilized to further improve the SNR. For example, when the standard deviation of the Johnson noise is four times greater than the dark current, calculations show that the SNR enhancement offered by an avalanche multiplication factor of 5 results in relaxing the cooling requirement from 20 to 80 K. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Krishna, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM skrishna@chtm.unm.edu; skrishna@chtm.unm.edu; hayat@ece.unm.edu RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009; Hayat, Majeed/E-4924-2010 NR 8 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1468 EP 1473 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.858791 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 988EM UT WOS:000233574400005 ER PT J AU Crisman, EE Derov, JS Barchard, GJ Gregory, OJ Euler, WB AF Crisman, EE Derov, JS Barchard, GJ Gregory, OJ Euler, WB TI An optical device for measuring bending strain to 5000 microstrain and compatible with optical fiber installations SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bending sensor; fiber optic; optical strain gage; optical strain sensor; thin film AB An optical sensor is described which can be attached to a structure and used as a gage for measuring bending strain. This device can be adjusted to maximize the gage factor for predetermined strain ranges. The sensor consists of glass capillaries coated on the outer surfaces with an optical absorbing layer followed by a reflecting layer. A mechanical strengthening layer can be included to extend the range of strain response. A source laser beam from an optical fiber is injected into one end of the gage. The light remaining in the beam after traveling through the gage is collected via another optical fiber. The optically active layer is adjusted during manufacture to provide a predetermined gage factor. For a given thickness of the absorber layer, the detected light is proportional to the amount of bending. Thus, by rigidly affixing the sensor to a structural member, the strain experienced by the member can be monitored. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Div, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Crisman, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Div, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM everett.crisman@hanscom.af.mil; john.derov@hanscom.af.mil; barchard.g@neu.edu; gregory@egr.uri.edu; weuler@chm.uri.edu OI Euler, William/0000-0002-5317-8510 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1321 EP 1326 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2005.858928 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 986AF UT WOS:000233420000022 ER PT J AU Balster, EJ Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Balster, EJ Zheng, YF Ewing, RL TI Feature-based wavelet shrinkage algorithm for image denoising SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE image denoising; selective wavelet shrinkage; two-threshold criteria ID SINGULARITY DETECTION; NOISE-REDUCTION; SCALE; MODEL AB A selective wavelet shrinkage algorithm for digital image denoising is presented. The performance of this method is an improvement upon other methods proposed in the literature and is algorithmically simple for large computational savings. The improved performance and computational speed of the proposed wavelet shrinkage algorithm is presented and experimentally compared with established methods. The denoising method incorporated in the proposed algorithm involves a two-threshold validation process for real-time selection of wavelet coefficients. The two-threshold criteria selects wavelet coefficients based on their absolute value, spatial regularity, and regularity across multiresolution scales. The proposed algorithm takes image features into consideration in the selection process. Statistically, most images have regular features resulting in connected subband coefficients. Therefore, the resulting subbands of wavelet transformed images in large part do not contain isolated coefficients. In the proposed algorithm, coefficients are selected due to their magnitude, and only a subset of those selected coefficients which exhibit a spatially regular behavior remain for image reconstruction. Therefore, two thresholds are used in the coefficient selection process. The first threshold is used to distinguish coefficients of large magnitude and the second is used to distinguish coefficients of spatial regularity. The performance of the proposed wavelet denoising technique is an improvement upon several other established wavelet denoising techniques, as well as being computationally efficient to facilitate real-time image-processing applications. C1 Wright Patterson AF Base, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wright Patterson AF Base, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2024 EP 2039 DI 10.1109/TIP.2005.859385 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 986TY UT WOS:000233473800007 PM 16370456 ER PT J AU Spann, J Kushner, V Thornton, TJ Yang, JM Balijepalli, A Barnaby, HJ Chen, XJ Alexander, D Kemp, WT Sampson, SJ Wood, ME AF Spann, J Kushner, V Thornton, TJ Yang, JM Balijepalli, A Barnaby, HJ Chen, XJ Alexander, D Kemp, WT Sampson, SJ Wood, ME TI Total dose radiation response of CMOS compatible SOH MESFET's SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE MESFETs; silicon-on-insulator technology; X-ray effects ID SILICON MESFETS; THIN SILICON; TECHNOLOGY AB Metal semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) have been fabricated using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process. The MESFETs make use of a TiSi2 Schottky gate and display good depletion mode characteristics with a threshold voltage of -0.5 V. The drain current can also be controlled by a voltage applied to the substrate, which then behaves as a MOS back gate. The transistors have been irradiated with 50 keV X-rays to a total ionizing dose in excess of 1 Mrad(Si). After irradiation the threshold voltage of both the top Schottky gate and the back MOS gate shift to more negative values. The shift in threshold is attributed to radiation induced fixed oxide charge at the interface between the SOI channel and the buried oxide. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Spann, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM t.thornton@asu.edu NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2398 EP 2402 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860701 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000052 ER PT J AU Nowlin, RN McEndree, SR Wilson, AL Alexander, DR AF Nowlin, RN McEndree, SR Wilson, AL Alexander, DR TI A new total-dose-induced parasitic effect in enclosed-geometry transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); edge leakage current; hardening-by-design; radiation effects ID SHALLOW-TRENCH ISOLATION; TECHNOLOGIES AB We present data showing a new total-dose-induced parasitic effect in enclosed-geometry transistors. A model for this new effect shows that the normal radiation-induced edge leakage current becomes gate controlled in ringed-source transistors. Small width-to-length (W/L) N-channel field-effect transistors (NFETs), often used in analog designs, show an additional drain current and transconductance, because the gate-controlled leakage current approaches the magnitude of the ideal channel current. C1 ATK Mission Res, Div Microelect, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP ATK Mission Res, Div Microelect, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM nathan.nowlin@atk.com NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2495 EP 2502 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.860713 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 017LL UT WOS:000235695000067 ER PT J AU Holden, LM AF Holden, LM TI Complex adaptive systems: concept analysis SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING LA English DT Article DE chaos; complex adaptive systems; complexity; nursing AB Aim. The aim of this paper is to explicate the concept of complex adaptive systems through an analysis that provides a description, antecedents, consequences, and a model case from the nursing and health care literature. Background. Life is more than atoms and molecules - it is patterns of organization. Complexity science is the latest generation of systems thinking that investigates patterns and has emerged from the exploration of the subatomic world and quantum physics. A key component of complexity science is the concept of complex adaptive systems, and active research is found in many disciplines - from biology to economics to health care. However, the research and literature related to these appealing topics have generated confusion. A thorough explication of complex adaptive systems is needed. Methods. A modified application of the methods recommended by Walker and Avant for concept analysis was used. Findings. A complex adaptive system is a collection of individual agents with freedom to act in ways that are not always totally predictable and whose actions are interconnected. Examples include a colony of termites, the financial market, and a surgical team. It is often referred to as chaos theory, but the two are not the same. Chaos theory is actually a subset of complexity science. Complexity science offers a powerful new approach - beyond merely looking at clinical processes and the skills of healthcare professionals. Conclusion. The use of complex adaptive systems as a framework is increasing for a wide range of scientific applications, including nursing and healthcare management research. When nursing and other healthcare managers focus on increasing connections, diversity, and interactions they increase information flow and promote creative adaptation referred to as self-organization. Complexity science builds on the rich tradition in nursing that views patients and nursing care from a systems perspective. C1 USAF, Nurse Corps, Offutt AFB, NE USA. 55th Med Grp, Offutt AFB, NE USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Holden, LM (reprint author), 55 MDG-SGN,2501 Capehart Rd, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. EM Lela.holden@offutt.af.mil NR 20 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 8 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-2402 J9 J ADV NURS JI J. Adv. Nurs. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03638.x PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 996YD UT WOS:000234211300010 PM 16313378 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN Amemiya, N Kasai, S Yoda, K Jiang, ZA Polyanskii, A AF Levin, GA Barnes, PN Amemiya, N Kasai, S Yoda, K Jiang, ZA Polyanskii, A TI Magnetization losses in multiply connected YBa2Cu3O6+x-coated conductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; AC LOSS CHARACTERISTICS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; LOSS REDUCTION; STRIATED YBCO; FIELD; MULTIFILAMENTARY; GENERATORS; PROSPECTS; WINDINGS AB We report the results of a magnetization loss study in experimental multifilament, multiply connected coated superconductors exposed to time-varying magnetic field. In these samples, the superconducting layer is divided into parallel stripes segregated by nonsuperconducting grooves. In order to facilitate the current sharing between the stripes and thus increase the reliability of the striated conductors, a sparse network of superconducting bridges is superimposed on the striated film. We find that the presence of the bridges does not substantially increase the magnetization losses, both hysteresis and coupling, as long as the number of bridges per length of the sample is not large. These results indicate that it is possible to find a reasonable compromise between the competing requirements of connectivity and loss reduction in an ac-tolerant version of the high-temperature coated conductors specifically designed for ac power applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, ERB Appl Superconduct Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St,Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.levin@wpafb.af.mil RI Jiang, Zhenan/A-5158-2016; Amemiya, Naoyuki/G-2549-2012 OI Jiang, Zhenan/0000-0002-3482-3510; Amemiya, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3000-864X NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 11 AR 113909 DI 10.1063/1.2139832 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 995QT UT WOS:000234119600060 ER PT J AU Newman, M Hatfield, K Hayworth, J Rao, PSC Stauffer, T AF Newman, M Hatfield, K Hayworth, J Rao, PSC Stauffer, T TI A hybrid method for inverse characterization of subsurface contaminant flux SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE contaminant; mass flux; inverse problem; simulated annealing; minimum relative entropy; groundwater ID MINIMUM RELATIVE ENTROPY; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANT; RELEASE HISTORY; POROUS-MEDIA; IDENTIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; AQUIFER; WATER AB The methods presented in this work provide a potential tool for characterizing contaminant source zones in terms of mass flux. The problem was conceptualized by considering contaminant transport through a vertical "flux plane'' located between a source zone and a downgradient region where contaminant concentrations were measured. The goal was to develop a robust method capable of providing a statement of the magnitude and uncertainty associated with estimated contaminant mass flux values. In order to estimate the magnitude and transverse spatial distribution of mass flux through a plane, the problem was considered in an optimization framework. Two numerical optimization techniques were applied, simulated annealing (SA) and minimum relative entropy (MRE). The capabilities of the flux plane model and the numerical solution techniques were evaluated using data from a numerically generated test problem and a nonreactive tracer experiment performed in a three-dimensional aquifer model. Results demonstrate that SA is more robust and converges more quickly than MRE. However, SA is not capable of providing an estimate of the uncertainty associated with the simulated flux values. In contrast, MRE is not as robust as SA, but once in the neighborhood of the optimal solution, it is quite effective as a tool for inferring mass flux probability density functions, expected flux values, and confidence limits. A hybrid (SA-MRE) solution technique was developed in order to take advantage of the robust solution capabilities of SA and the uncertainty estimation capabilities of MRE. The coupled technique provided probability density functions and confidence intervals that would not have been available from an independent SA algorithm and they were obtained more efficiently than if provided by an independent MRE algorithm. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Hayworth Engn Sci, Panama City, FL USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Newman, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM markn@grove.ufl.edu NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 34 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.07.006 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 993HR UT WOS:000233945700002 PM 16139392 ER PT J AU Janket, SJ Wightman, A Baird, AE Van Dyke, TE Jones, JA AF Janket, SJ Wightman, A Baird, AE Van Dyke, TE Jones, JA TI Does periodontal treatment improve glycemic control in diabetic patients? A meta-analysis of intervention studies SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE meta-analysis; inflammatory mediators; hemoglobin A1c; non-surgical periodontal treatment; antibiotics treatment ID GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN; MELLITUS; THERAPY; DISEASE; TRIALS; HEALTH AB Previous analyses regarding effects of periodontal treatment on glycemic control included studies where causal association might not be assumed, or the results were reported non- quantitatively. We initiated this meta- analysis of 10 intervention studies to quantify the effects of periodontal treatment on HbA1c level among diabetic patients, to explore possible causes for the discrepant reports, and to make recommendations for future studies. Data sources were MEDLINE ( January, 1980, to January, 2005), the EBMR, Cochrane Register, and bibliographies of the published articles. Three investigators extracted data regarding intervention, outcomes, and effect size. A total of 456 patients was included in this analysis, with periodontal treatment as predictor and the actual change in hemoglobin A1c level as the outcome. The weighted average decrease in actual HbA1c level was 0.38% for all studies, 0.66% when restricted to type 2 diabetic patients, and 0.71% if antibiotics were given to them. However, none was statistically significant. C1 Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Dept Gen Dent, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. NINDS, Stroke Neurosci Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Clin Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. VA Ctr Hlth Qual Outcomes & Econ Res, Bedford, MA USA. RP Janket, SJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Dept Gen Dent, 100 E Newton St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM sjanket@post.harvard.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000533]; NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE013191, DE13191] NR 25 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1154 EP 1159 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 986LX UT WOS:000233452200014 PM 16304446 ER PT J AU Wyrick, BA AF Wyrick, BA TI The last full measure SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Reprint C1 Hawaii Air Natl Guard, Med Grp 154, Hickam AFB, HI USA. 332nd Expeditionary Med Grp, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Wyrick, BA (reprint author), POB 5520, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM brett.wyrick@hihick.ang.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1767 J9 J EMERG NURS JI J. Emerg. Nurs. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP 577 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.jen.2005.09.016 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing GA 023GV UT WOS:000236115700016 PM 16308051 ER PT J AU Attar, PJ Dowell, EH AF Attar, PJ Dowell, EH TI A reduced order system ID approach to the modelling of nonlinear structural behavior in aeroelasticity SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 14-17, 2005 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT DE nonlinear aeroelasticity; system identification ID LIMIT-CYCLE OSCILLATIONS; COMPUTER-AIDED GENERATION; UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS; DYNAMIC MACROMODELS; VISCOUS FLOWS; TURBOMACHINERY; IDENTIFICATION; CASCADES; FLUTTER AB A method is proposed for identifying a set of reduced order, nonlinear equations which describe the structural behavior of aeroelastic configurations. The strain energy of the system is written as a (polynomial) function of the structures' modal amplitudes. The unknown coefficients of these polynomials are then computed using the strain energy data calculated from a steady state, high-order, nonlinear finite element model. The resulting strain energy expression can then be used to develop the modal equations of motion. From these equations, zero and nonzero angle of attack flutter and limit cycle oscillation data are computed for a 45 degrees delta wing aeroelastic model. The results computed using the reduced order model compare well with those from a high-fidelity aeroelastic model and to experiment. A two to three order of magnitude reduction in the number of structural equations and a two order of magnitude reduction in total computational time is accomplished using the current reduced order method. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Attar, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.attar@wpafb.af.mil; dowell@ee.duke.edu RI Attar, Peter/B-1728-2008 OI Attar, Peter/0000-0003-3112-9205 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 531 EP 542 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 991VG UT WOS:000233841700005 ER PT J AU Beloiu, DM Ibrahim, RA Pettit, CL AF Beloiu, DM Ibrahim, RA Pettit, CL TI Influence of boundary conditions relaxation on panel flutter with compressive in-plane loads SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM; WAVELET TRANSFORM; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; RELIABILITY; PLATE; TOOL AB The influence of boundary conditions relaxation on two-dimensional panel flutter is studied in the presence of in-plane loading. The boundary value problem of the panel involves time-dependent boundary conditions that are converted into autonomous form using a special coordinate transformation. Galerkin's method is used to discretize the panel partial differential equation of motion into six nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The influence of boundary conditions relaxation on the panel modal frequencies and LCO amplitudes in the time and frequency domains is examined using the windowed short time Fourier transform and wavelet transform. The relaxation and system nonlinearity are found to have opposite effects on the time evolution of the panel frequency. Depending on the system damping and dynamic pressure, the panel frequency can increase or decrease with time as the boundary conditions approach the state of simple supports. Bifurcation diagrams are generated by taking the relaxation parameter, dynamic pressure, and in-plane load as control parameters. The corresponding largest Lyapunov exponent is also determined. They reveal complex dynamic characteristics of the panel, including regions of periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ibrahim, RA (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM raouf_ibrahm@eng.wayne.edn RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 743 EP 767 DI 10.1016/j.fluidstructs.2005.07.007 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 993IS UT WOS:000233948400003 ER PT J AU Hanly, EJ Aurora, AR Fuentes, JM Shih, SP Marohn, MR De Maio, A Talamini, MA AF Hanly, EJ Aurora, AR Fuentes, JM Shih, SP Marohn, MR De Maio, A Talamini, MA TI Abdominal insufflation with CO2 causes peritoneal acidosis independent of systemic pH SO JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Surgery-of-the-Alimentary-Tract CY MAY 14-18, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Surg Alimentary Tract DE carbon dioxide; pH; acidosis; pneumoperitoneum; laparoscopy ID CARBON-DIOXIDE INSUFFLATION; LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE; RESPIRATORY-ACIDOSIS; GAS-EXCHANGE; PNEUMOPERITONEUM; SURGERY; HELIUM; COMPLICATIONS; HEMODYNAMICS AB We have shown that the inflammation-attenuating effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy are not due to changes in systemic pH. However, acidification of peritoneal macrophages in an in vitro CO2 environment has been shown to reduce LPS-mediated cytokine release. We tested the hypothesis that the peritoneum is locally acidotic during, abdominal insufflation with CO2-even when systemic pH is corrected. Rats (n = 20) were anesthetized and randomized into two groups: continued spontaneous ventilation (SV or intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV). All animals were then subjected to abdominal insufflation with CO2. Mean arterial pH among SV rats decreased significantly from baseline after 15 and 30 minutes of CO2 pneumoperitoneum (7.329 -> 7.210 -> 7.191, P < 0.05), while arterial pH among MV rats remained relatively constant (7.388 -> 7.245 -> 7.316, P = NS). In contrast, peritonea] pH dropped significantly from baseline and remained low for both groups during CO, abdominal insufflation (SV 6.74 -> 6.41 -> 6.40, P < 0.05; AW 6.94 -> 6.45 -> 6.45, P < 0.05). In a second experiment, rats (n = 10) were randomized to receive abdominal insufflation with either CO, or helium. Abdominal insufflation with helium did not significantly affect peritoneal pH (7.10 -> 7.02 -> 6.95, P = NS), and the decrease in pH among CO2-insufflated animals was significant compared with helium-insufflated animals (P < 0.05). Peritoneal pH returned to baseline levels in all groups within 15 minutes of desufflation in both experiments. A significant local peritoneal acidosis occurs during laparoscopy which is specifically attributable to the use of CO2 and which is independent of systemic pH. These data provide additional evidence that localized peritoneal acidosis is central to the mechanism of CO2-mediated attenuation of the inflammatory response following laparoscopic surgery. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Talamini, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 200 W Arbor Dr,8400, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM talamini@ucsd.edu NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-255X J9 J GASTROINTEST SURG JI J. Gastrointest. Surg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1245 EP 1251 DI 10.1016/j.gassur.2005.09.007 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 998RF UT WOS:000234336100013 PM 16332480 ER PT J AU Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Tiley, JS Miracle, DB AF Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Tiley, JS Miracle, DB TI Processing, microstructure, and properties of beta titanium alloys modified with boron SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beta Titanium Alloys held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE beta titanium alloys; B addition; cast alloys; micro-structure; properties ID GRAIN-REFINEMENT AB The development of next-generation beta Ti alloys is expected to involve very attractive combinations of strength-toughness-fatigue resistance at large cross sections, improved and affordable thermomechanical processing, and enhanced elevated temperature capability. This article describes the development of beta Ti alloys that are modified with small boron (B) additions to achieve these goals. Two important aerospace alloys, Ti-15Mo-2.6Nb-3Al-0.2Si and Ti-5AI-5V-5Mo-3Cr microalloyed (0.1%) with B were considered. Ingots that were 70 rum in diameter and 500 rum in length were cast using induction skull melting. A detailed microstructural characterization and tensile property evaluation were conducted. Microalloying with B refines the cast grain size to about 50 pro, which enhances strength and ductility. The effect of B additions on the microstructural stability and properties in the as-cast condition was established. The implications of B additions on the microstructural evolution and affordability of subsequent processing is also discussed. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tamirisakandala, S (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM sesh.tamirisa@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 12 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1361/105994905X75547 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 992DC UT WOS:000233863600012 ER PT J AU Ketsdever, AD Lee, RH Lilly, TC AF Ketsdever, AD Lee, RH Lilly, TC TI Performance testing of a microfabricated propulsion system for nanosatellite applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION AB There is a growing interest in the use of micro and nanosatellites within the aerospace community. Constellations of small satellites may eventually replace much larger, single function spacecraft as a cheaper, more flexible alternative. Micro-technologies will be required to enable small satellite missions including efficient, low-cost propulsion systems for maneuvering. A MEMS fabricated propulsion system has been developed for maneuvers on an upcoming University nanosatellite mission. The Free Molecule Micro-Resistojet (FMMR) is an electrothermal. propulsion system designed for on-orbit maneuvers of nanosatellites, which are defined as spacecraft with an initial mass less than 10 kg. The FMMR has been tested using a torsion force balance to assess its performance using a variety of propellants including helium, argon, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The experimental performance results compare favorably with results obtained from gas kinetic theory, which were used in the design phase to estimate the thruster's performance. The measured performance of the FMMR in this study has proven to be adequate to perform attitude control maneuvers for the University nanosatellite mission. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ketsdever, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM ketsdeve@usc.edu NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2254 EP 2263 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/15/12/007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 997ZZ UT WOS:000234288900007 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Anderson, KL Farmer, BL AF Pandey, RB Anderson, KL Farmer, BL TI Effect of temperature and solvent on the structure and transport of a tethered membrane: Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Physical-Society CY MAR, 2005 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Phys Soc DE bond-fluctuating membrane; clay platelet; Monte Carlo; tethered membrane; wrinkles and crumpling ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONFORMATION; SURFACES; POLYMERS AB An extended bond-fluctuation model, introduced previously to study the conformation and dynamics of a self-avoiding sheet (SAS), is further used to understand the temperature dependence on the conformation and dynamics of a tethered membrane (i.e., nodes tethered by fluctuating bonds with excluded volume constraints) in an effective solvent media on a cubic lattice by Monte Carlo simulations. The node-node (nn) and node-solvent (ns) interactions and temperature orchestrate the stochastic motion of each membrane node, and therefore describe the morphology of the membrane. With increasing temperature, the radius of gyration (R-g) of the membrane decreases with repulsive node-node interactions in an attractive solvent medium (ns < 0). The inverse effect is seen in a repulsive medium. Changes in the membrane's R-g show that the membrane contracts (stretches) with the range of attractive (repulsive) node-node interaction with more pronounced effects on lowering the temperature. The variations of R-g with T, which are affected by wrinkles and crumpling, are complex (with the possibility of stretched exponential functions) depending on the type of membrane, quality of the solvent, and the temperature. Likewise, the segmental dynamics exhibits a range of power-laws, different from that of a SAS, while the global membrane reaches its asymptotic diffusive behavior. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 23 BP 3478 EP 3486 DI 10.1002/polb.20642 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 985QN UT WOS:000233393300019 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI Interference from audio distracters during speechreading SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPEECH; PERCEPTION; VOICES AB Although many audio-visual speech experiments have focused on situations where the presence of an incongruent visual speech signal influences the perceived utterance heard by an observer, there are also documented examples of a related effect in which the presence of an incongruent audio speech signal influences the perceived utterance seen by an observer. This study examined the effects that different distracting audio signals had on performance in a color and number keyword speechreading task. When the distracting sound was noise, time-reversed speech, or continuous speech, it had no effect on speechreading. However, when the distracting audio signal consisted of speech that started at the same time as the visual stimulus, speechreading performance was substantially degraded. This degradation did not depend on the sernantic similarity between the target and masker speech, but it was substantially reduced when the onset of the audio speech was shifted relative to that of the visual stimulus. Overall, these results suggest that visual speech perception is impaired by the presence of a simultaneous mismatched audio speech signal, but that other types of audio distracters have little effect on speechreading performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 118 IS 6 BP 3889 EP 3902 DI 10.1121/1.2126932 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 995LE UT WOS:000234101000049 PM 16419831 ER PT J AU Patterson, R Geri, GA Dyre, BP Akhtar, SC Covas, CM Pierce, BJ AF Patterson, R Geri, GA Dyre, BP Akhtar, SC Covas, CM Pierce, BJ TI Altitude control in simulated flight using 3-D objects and terrain texture SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article DE altitude control; simulated flight; visual cues; motion parallax ID PERCEPTION; IMAGE AB In this study, the effects of manipulating the properties of 3-D objects and terrain texture on the control of altitude in simulated flight has been investigated. 3-D objects were found to be as effective as terrain texture for controlling altitude, and this result was interpreted as suggesting that both terrain texture and 3-D objects can serve as effective carriers of information about motion parallax and optical expansion and contraction. The present results, which were obtained using a vertically defined flight task, are inconsistent with the findings of Patterson et al.,(2) who reported that 3-D objects were more effective than terrain texture for controlling a horizontally defined heading task. The present results indicate that, when terrain texture is present, the motion parallax or optical expansion associated with the presence of 3-D objects does not improve altitude control. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Psychol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Boeing Co, Mesa, AZ USA. USAF, Res Lab, Meza, AZ USA. RP Patterson, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rpatter@mail.wsu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI SAN JOSE PA 610 S SECOND STREET, SAN JOSE, CA 95112 USA SN 1071-0922 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1039 EP 1043 DI 10.1889/1.2150374 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 025RA UT WOS:000236283400010 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Cook, G AF Evans, DR Cook, G TI Nonlinear optics - Research continues to advance photorefractive beam coupling SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Photorefract Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Photorefract Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Dean.Evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 12 BP 67 EP + PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 996AT UT WOS:000234147500025 ER PT J AU Martinez, SA Sathish, S Mall, S Blodgett, MP AF Martinez, SA Sathish, S Mall, S Blodgett, MP TI Evolution of fretting fatigue damage and relaxation of residual stress in shot-peened Ti-Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DELAMINATION THEORY; BEHAVIOR; CONTACT; WEAR AB The evolution of fretting fatigue damage was investigated in shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V samples, by measuring the changes in the surface residual stress, using the X-ray diffraction technique. The surface residual stress was found to relax as the number of fretting fatigue cycles increased. The relaxation behavior of the residual stress with the increasing number of fretting fatigue cycles was observed to occur in three stages. In the first 20 pet of the fretting fatigue life; a drastic relaxation was observed. In the second part (between 20 and 70 pct), a gradually increasing behavior was observed. During the last 20 to 30 pct of the fretting fatigue life, a dramatic relaxation of the residual stress was found to occur. A complete relaxation of the residual stress occurred in the fracture region. A scanning electron microscope observation of the microstructure of the damaged region was used to examine the mechanisms leading to the relaxation of the residual stress. The development of delaminations at the early stages of the accumulation of the fretting fatigue damage was observed to be the main cause of the initial relaxation. The generation of microcracks from the voids left behind by the delaminations is responsible for the additional relaxation of the residual stress. The coalescence of the microcracks generated from different delaminated regions produced yet more relaxation of residual stress and, ultimately, the final fracture of the specimen. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NonDestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NonDestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sonia.martinez@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36A IS 12 BP 3385 EP 3396 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0012-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 992EB UT WOS:000233866100012 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Miller, JD Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Miller, JD Semiatin, SL TI Cavitation during hot-torsion testing of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; STRESS-STATE; FLOW BEHAVIOR; CAVITY GROWTH; WORKING; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Hot-torsion testing was used to establish the cavitation behavior of a typical alpha/beta titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, with a colony microstructure, during simple-shear deformation. For this purpose, sections of deformed specimens were examined by optical metallography, and by scanning and orientation-imaging microscopy (OIM). It was found that cavity nucleation occurred along prior beta boundaries as well as at triple points; in particular, most cavities nucleated along boundaries perpendicular to the axial direction of the specimen. Extensive growth was observed-for cavities surrounded by both hard and soft orientations, with the soft colonies accommodating more of the imposed strain. At high degrees of deformation, dynamic globularization of the colony microstructure adjacent to the cavities was also observed. In addition, the metallographic observations revealed that the cavities did not grow in an equiaxed mode, but in an elliptical manner. A tensor describing the cavity-growth rate along the axial, radial, and hoop specimen directions was determined using measurements of individually cavity sizes. The cavity-growth behavior in torsion was. compared to previous observations from hot-tension tests. This comparison indicated that the rate of cavity growth in shear was approximately one-tenth that in uniaxial tension. This finding is in broad agreement with models predicting the variation of the cavity-growth rate as a function of the ratio of the mean stress to the hydrostatic stress. C1 S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. EM p.nicolaou@sandb.com RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36A IS 12 BP 3461 EP 3470 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0019-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 992EB UT WOS:000233866100019 ER PT J AU McAvin, JC Escamilla, EM Blow, JA Turell, MJ Quintana, M Bowles, DE Swaby, JA Barnes, WJ Huff, WB Lohman, KL Atchley, DH Hickman, JR Niemeyer, DM AF McAvin, JC Escamilla, EM Blow, JA Turell, MJ Quintana, M Bowles, DE Swaby, JA Barnes, WJ Huff, WB Lohman, KL Atchley, DH Hickman, JR Niemeyer, DM TI Rapid identification of dengue virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using field-deployable instrumentation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MALE AEDES-AEGYPTI; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PCR; ALIGNMENT; SYSTEM; RNA; AMPLIFICATION; CULICIDAE; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Dengue virus universal and dengue serotype 1 to 4, fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (TaqMan), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays were developed for screening and serotype identification of infected mosquito vectors and human sera using a field-deployable, fluorometric thermocycler. Dengue universal and dengue 1 to 4 serotype assay in vitro sensitivity and specificity results were 100% concordant when tested with total nucleic acid extracts of multiple strains of dengue serotype 1 to 4, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. The in vitro sensitivity and specificity results for all five assays were concordant when tested with a blind panel of 27 dengue virus-infected mosquitoes, 21 non-dengue (yellow fever, West Nile, or St. Louis encephalitis) flavivirus-infected mosquitoes, and 11 uninfected mosquitoes and with clinical specimens consisting of a human serum panel of eight dengue viremic and 31 non-dengue-infected febrile patient serum samples. No cross-reaction occurred with vector species or human genomic DNA. Sample processing and polymerase chain reaction required < 2 hours. C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, Div Environm Sci, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. USAF, Force Battlelab, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, DC 20332 USA. Joint Program Execut Off Chem & Biol Def, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP McAvin, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 1053 EP 1059 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JU UT WOS:000235832200016 PM 16491947 ER PT J AU McAvin, JC Bowles, DE Swaby, JA Blount, KW Blow, JA Quintana, M Hickman, JR Atchley, DH Niemeyer, DM AF McAvin, JC Bowles, DE Swaby, JA Blount, KW Blow, JA Quintana, M Hickman, JR Atchley, DH Niemeyer, DM TI Identification of Aedes aegypti and its respective life stages by real-time polymerase chain reaction SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FORCE OVITRAPPING PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS; ALBOPICTUS; DENGUE; TRISERIATUS; EXTRACTION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; PCR AB An Aedes aegypti-specific, fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (Taq-Man), polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for real-time screening using a field-deployable thermocycler. Laboratory-based testing of A. aegypti, A. aegypti (Trinidad strain), Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus individual adult mosquitoes and mixed pools (n = 10) demonstrated 100% concordance in both in vitro sensitivity (six of six samples) and specificity (10 of 10 samples). A single adult A. aegypti was identified in a pool of 100 non-A. aegypti mosquitoes. The limit of detection of A. aegypti egg pools was five individual eggs. Field testing was conducted in central Honduras, An A. aegypti and Culex spp. panel of individual and mixed pools (n = 30) of adult mosquitoes, pupae, and larvae demonstrated 100% concordance in sensitivity (22 of 22 samples) and 97% concordance in specificity (29 of 30 samples), with one false-positive result. Field testing of an A. aegypti and Culex spp. blind panel (n = 16) consisting of individual and mixed pools of adult mosquitoes, pupae, and larvae demonstrated 90% concordance in sensitivity (nine of 10 samples) and 88% concordance in specificity (14 of 16 samples). C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Force Protect Battlelab, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, Div Environm Sci, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Baolling Air Force Base, Washington, DC 20332 USA. Joint Program ExecutChem Biol Def, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP McAvin, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 1060 EP 1065 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JU UT WOS:000235832200017 PM 16491948 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, CM Chiou, AC DeCaprio, JD Kashyap, VS AF Fitzpatrick, CM Chiou, AC DeCaprio, JD Kashyap, VS TI Carotid revascularization in the presence of contralateral carotid artery occlusion is safe and durable SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM STROKE; SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS; ENDARTERECTOMY; STENOSIS; SURGERY; TRIAL; RATES; RISKS AB Objective: Complete occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery has been thought to increase the risk of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). This study was conducted to determine whether contralateral occlusion (CO) leads to a higher rate of complications among patients undergoing CEA or alters long-term outcomes. Methods: All CEAs (N = 221) performed at our institution between September 1997 and June 2002 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups, i.e., CO and contralateral patency. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test for nominal values and the test for continuous variables. Life-table analyses were performed for patency and survival. Results: Complete data and follow-up results were available for 170 of the 221 operations performed during the study period. CO was present in 16 cases (9.4%). Preoperative demographic features, indications for surgery, and operative techniques did not vary between study groups; there was increased use of general anesthesia (p = 0.05) in the CO group. No surgical deaths occurred. The perioperative stroke rates were not statistically different between groups (CO group, 6.3%; contralateral patency group, 2.6%; p = 0.39). Long-term patency and stroke-free survival rates at 5 years exceeded 90% and did not vary significantly between groups. Conclusion: Patients undergoing CEA with occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery do not have unique preoperative demographic features or indications. Contralateral carotid artery occlusion does not increase risk or alter long-term outcomes after CEA. Carotid revascularization can be safely performed in tertiary military centers. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 1069 EP 1074 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JU UT WOS:000235832200019 PM 16491950 ER PT J AU Davanloo, F Collins, CB Agee, FJ AF Davanloo, F Collins, CB Agee, FJ TI Ultra-fast flash X-ray pulses produced by Blumlein devices SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE flash X-ray source; Blumlein pulsers; photoconductive switching; X-ray diodes; commutation with a single switch ID HIGH-POWER AB The flash X-ray systems developed at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) centers on two critical subassemblies: (1) a Blumlein pulsed power source and (2) an X-ray diode properly designed and matched to the pulse forming line. The pulse generator consists of either a single or several triaxial Blumleins. For multiple lines, Blumleins are stacked in series at one end and charged in parallel and synchronously commutated with a single switching element at the other end. In this way, relatively low charging voltages are multiplied to give a high discharge voltage across an X-ray diode. Extensive characterization of these Blumlein pulsers have been performed over the past several years. Results indicate that they are capable of producing high-power waveforms with risetimes and repetition rates in the range of 0.1-50 ns and 1-1000 Hz, respectively, using a conventional thyratron, spark gap, or photoconductive switch. Our recent efforts have for the first time resulted in implementation and demonstration of high-power stacked Blumlein pulsers commutated by a single photoconductive switch. Presently, these devices reliably produce 50-100 MW output waveforms with pulse durations of 1-3 ns and risetimes as fast as 150 ps. Prospects for producing X-rays with such fast-switching devices are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Davanloo, F (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, POB 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM fdavan@utdallas.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.032 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000061 ER PT J AU Slaughter, DR Accatino, MR Bernstein, A Church, JA Descalle, MA Gosnell, TB Hall, JM Loshak, A Manatt, DR Mauger, GJ Moore, TL Norman, EB Pohl, BA Pruet, JA Petersen, DC Walling, RS Weirup, DL Prussin, SG McDowell, M AF Slaughter, DR Accatino, MR Bernstein, A Church, JA Descalle, MA Gosnell, TB Hall, JM Loshak, A Manatt, DR Mauger, GJ Moore, TL Norman, EB Pohl, BA Pruet, JA Petersen, DC Walling, RS Weirup, DL Prussin, SG McDowell, M TI Preliminary results utilizing high-energy fission product gamma-rays to detect fissionable material in cargo SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Ft Worth, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Natl Canc Inst, Sadia Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Synergy Vaccum, Ft Worth Convent & Vistors Bureau, Elsevier B V, Univ N Texas DE cargo screening; active interrogation; neutron source; fission product gamma radiation AB A concept for detecting the presence of special nuclear material (U-235 or Pu-239) concealed in intermodal cargo containers is described. It is based on interrogation with a pulsed beam of 7 MeV neutrons that produce fission events and their beta-delayed neutron emission or beta-delayed high-energy gamma radiation between beam pulses provide the detection signature. Fission product beta-delayed gamma-rays above 3 MeV are nearly 10 times more abundant than beta-delayed neutrons and are distinct from natural radioactivity and from nearly all of the induced activity in a normal cargo. Detector backgrounds and potential interferences with the fission signature radiation have been identified and quantified. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Slaughter, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM slaughter1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-4 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.236 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 997PX UT WOS:000234260000162 ER PT J AU Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR TI Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy of nitrogen using a picosecond modeless dye laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Broadband picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of nitrogen is demonstrated using 145-ps pump and probe beams and a 115-ps Stokes beam with a spectral bandwidth of 5 nm. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of broadband CARS using subnanosecond lasers. The short temporal envelope of the laser pulses and the broadband spectral nature of the Stokes beam will enable nonresonant-background-free, single-shot, or time-dependent spectroscopy in high-pressure or hydrocarbon-rich environments. Successful correlation of room-temperature broadband picosecond N-2 CARS with a theoretical spectrum is presented. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 12 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3222 EP 3224 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003222 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 985OL UT WOS:000233387300036 PM 16342727 ER PT J AU Michaelson, PG Lowry, TR AF Michaelson, PG Lowry, TR TI Clinical photograph - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting in the external auditory canal SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lowry, TR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,59 MDW-MCSR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thoinas.lowry@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 979 EP 980 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.002 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 996MV UT WOS:000234179000029 PM 16360524 ER PT J AU Ahrendt, DM Miller, MA AF Ahrendt, DM Miller, MA TI Adolescent substance abuse: A simplified approach to drug testing SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Hood, TX USA. Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. RP Ahrendt, DM (reprint author), MMNP, Dept Pediat, 859 MDOS,2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM dale.ahrendt@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 12 BP 956 EP 963 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 992SE UT WOS:000233903400007 PM 16419733 ER PT J AU Hirschfeld, RR Jordan, MH Feild, HS Giles, WF Armenakis, AA AF Hirschfeld, RR Jordan, MH Feild, HS Giles, WF Armenakis, AA TI Teams' female representation and perceived potency as inputs to team outcomes in a predominantly male field setting SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORK GROUP COHESION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; COLLECTIVE-EFFICACY; GENDER COMPOSITION; GROUP-PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY; LEVEL; TASK; CONSTRUCT; WOMEN AB We developed a team-level temporal model and tested it with data from 92 newly formed teams in a naturalistic military setting where females were a distinct minority in all teams. Contrary to what is posited by theory On customary perceptions of females' capabilities and gender-role congruence, a higher female proportion within teams did not adversely influence teams' early perceived potency, later social cohesion, or observers' assessments of teamwork. Consistent with theory regarding gender and abilities, however, a higher female proportion within teams contributed to better team problem solving but led to slightly worse team results on physically demanding tasks. In addition, teams' early perceived potency contributed positively to early task proficiency and later social cohesion. Furthermore, teams' social cohesion contributed positively to externally observed teamwork while controlling for task proficiency. We discuss implications of these findings for theory and practice. C1 Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Dept Management, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hirschfeld, RR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Dept Management, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rhirschf@uga.edu NR 92 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 4 BP 893 EP 924 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00892.x PG 32 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 990PB UT WOS:000233754600002 ER PT J AU Van Nostrand, JE Albrecht, JD Claflin, B Liu, Y Nathan, MI Ruden, PP AF Van Nostrand, JE Albrecht, JD Claflin, B Liu, Y Nathan, MI Ruden, PP TI Magnetism in n-type GaMnN grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPED GAN; FILMS; FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; MN)N; (GA AB We investigate the magnetic properties of a strongly n-type GaMnN alloy grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Transport, X-ray diffraction, and magnetic characterizations are presented. The carrier concentration and mobility obtained by Hall effect measurements are nearly constant with respect to temperature over the entire temperature range from 4 K to 300 K. Magnetometry data indicates a transition temperature at approximately 170 K with hysteresis measurements indicating magnetic behavior at least to 300 K. The role of alloy microstructure is investigated using X-ray diffraction and shows the possible presence of alternate phases giving rise to magnetization. In transport, we observe a linear Hall effect dependence on magnetic field strength. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Wemheim. C1 USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Van Nostrand, JE (reprint author), USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.VanNostrand@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 242 IS 15 BP 3182 EP 3188 DI 10.1002/pssb.200541248 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 994BA UT WOS:000234003400033 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI Tangent formulation of the Kronig-Penney problem for N-period layered systems with application to photonic crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SECULAR EQUATION; SUPERLATTICES; MODES; TRANSMISSION; EXISTENCE; PHONONS; 3-LAYER; MEDIA AB At symmetry points of the Brillouin zone, the two-layer Kronig-Penney (KP) problem has even- and odd-parity solutions that are expressible with tangents and cotangents. Similar solutions are derived here for an arbitrary number of layers. Namely, the eigenvalue-eigenvector problem for the energy spectra and wave functions of arbitrary, one-dimensional, N-period layered systems is formulated in terms of tangents only. The resulting equations are compact, algorithmically simple, numerically stable, and physically appealing. The derived secular equation is Hermitian and only of order NxN (i.e., half the size of the KP secular equation). The eigenfrequency condition has physically attractive geometric representation in terms of N-sided figures such as triangles and tetrahedrons for N=3. The analytic power of the formalism is demonstrated by diagonalizing the secular equation for N=3, finding a factored form of the KP equation, and deriving analytic eigenfrequency conditions and analytic wave functions for the three layer problem. The analyticity of the formalism should aid the band-gap engineering of the band structure and wave functions of multilayer structures. The numerical ease of implementation is demonstrated by calculating the eigenfrequencies and wave functions for a three-layer photonic crystal. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 23 AR 235103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.235103 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 998RE UT WOS:000234336000032 ER PT J AU Siefert, N Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P AF Siefert, N Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P TI Shock-wave-induced enhancement of optical emission in nitrogen afterglow plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-POOLING REACTIONS; POSITIVE-COLUMN; DOUBLE-LAYERS; DISCHARGE; ELECTRON AB This paper reports measurements of optical emission enhancement at the shock front of Mach 1.5 to Mach 3.5 shockwaves propagating in the afterglow of a 0.75 Torr nitrogen glow discharge. Electrically-generated shocks pass through the afterglow and create noticeable enhancements of the B (3)Pi(g)-A (3)Sigma(u)(+) and C (3)Pi(u)-B (3)Pi(g) transitions of nitrogen. Under our discharge conditions, the electron Debye length was approximately the same magnitude as the shock thickness; this allows the possibility of a space-charge region extending beyond the neutral shockwave discontinuity. Previous researchers have measured enhancement in the B (3)Pi(g)-A (3)Sigma(u)(+) optical emission at the shock front, but only in the active discharge. Fibers connected to photomultipler tubes measure the optical emission from the discharge. Laser deflection measures the shock velocity. The data reveals that the emission enhancement increases with Mach number, and also indicates that the emission enhancement decreases exponentially with time in the afterglow. Since the discharge voltage has already been shut off, the energy needed to create the emission enhancement cannot come from the power supply. We conclude that under our discharge conditions there is an increase in the already non-equilibrium energy of the electrons at the shock front via a shockwave-induced strong double layer. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Siefert, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nicholas.Siefert@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 066402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.066402 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 008UA UT WOS:000235065000071 PM 16486065 ER PT J AU Beal, BE Gallimore, AD Hargus, WA AF Beal, BE Gallimore, AD Hargus, WA TI Plasma properties downstream of a low-power Hall thruster SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIVE PROBES; TRIPLE PROBE AB Triple Langmuir probes and emissive probes were used to measure the electron number density, electron temperature, and plasma potential downstream of a low-power Hall thruster. The results show a polytropic relation between electron temperature and electron number density throughout the sampled region. Over a large fraction of the plume, the plasma potential obeys the predictions of ambipolar expansion. Near the thruster centerline, however, observations show larger gradients of plasma potential than can be accounted for by this means. Radial profiles of plasma potential in the very-near-field plume are shown to contain large gradients that correspond in location to the boundaries of a visually intense plasma region. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Aerosp Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Propuls Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Beal, BE (reprint author), Aerojet Gen Corp, Redmond, WA USA. EM brian.beal@rocket.com NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 AR 123503 DI 10.1063/1.2145097 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 996ZK UT WOS:000234214600040 ER PT J AU Bohn, W von Bulow, H Dass, S Ionin, AA Klimachev, YM Kotkov, AA McIver, JK McCord, JE Seleznev, LV Sinitsyn, DV Tate, RF Hager, GD AF Bohn, W von Bulow, H Dass, S Ionin, AA Klimachev, YM Kotkov, AA McIver, JK McCord, JE Seleznev, LV Sinitsyn, DV Tate, RF Hager, GD TI High-power supersonic CO laser on fundamental and overtone transitions SO QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE supersonic CO laser; rf discharge; overtone transitions; gain ID CARBON-MONOXIDE LASER; 2.5-4.2-MU-M RANGE; VIBRATIONAL OVERTONE; EXCITED CO; MOLECULE AB Lasing parameters of a rf discharge-pumped CO laser in a subsonic gas flow with subsequent cooling of the laser medium in a supersonic flow are studied. The output power of the laser achieved 2.1 kW for the efficiency up to 21 % in the spectral range 4.9 - 5.7 mu m corresponding to the V + I -> V fundamental vibrational transitions in the CO molecule. The laser output power at the V + 2 -> V first vibrational overtone transitions (2.6-2.7 mu m) was 50 W. Possible ways of improving the laser design for generating radiation at higher overtone transitions of the CO molecule are discussed. C1 DLR, Inst Tech Phys, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Bohn, W (reprint author), DLR, Inst Tech Phys, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. EM aion@sci.lebedev.ru RI Selenev, Leonid/K-7441-2015; Sinitsyn, Dmitry/L-7874-2015; Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015; Kotkov, Andrei/K-7590-2015; Klimachev, Yury/K-7607-2015 OI Selenev, Leonid/0000-0002-8121-9914; Sinitsyn, Dmitry/0000-0002-7448-6459; Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592; Kotkov, Andrei/0000-0001-5967-0840; Klimachev, Yury/0000-0001-6784-1590 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU TURPION LTD PI LETCHWORTH PA TURPIN DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-7818 J9 QUANTUM ELECTRON+ JI Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1126 EP 1130 DI 10.1070/QE2005v035n12ABEH013036 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 016FQ UT WOS:000235606500008 ER PT J AU Siskind, LC Hammer, BE Christensen, NL Yepez, J AF Siskind, Lisa C. Hammer, Bruce E. Christensen, Nelson L. Yepez, Jeffrey TI Multiple RF coil nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE quantum information processing; nuclear magnetic resonance; quantum lattice gas; diffusion equation; quantum computing ID LATTICE-GAS MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPUTATION; MICROCOILS; EQUATION AB Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of using an array of quantum information processors connected via classical channels (type II quantum computer) to implement a quantum lattice-gas algorithm. This paper describes work towards constructing a new experimental set-up for a type II quantum computer This setup has new hardware and software specifications but does follow previously published approaches of operation encoding the initial mass density onto a twoqubit processor and using standard pulse techniques to step through the algorithm. New hardware for this system includes the ability to read both qubits at once, effectively reducing the processing time by twofold Hardware changes also include the use of multiple coils controlled by a single spectrometer and a hardware switch. New software includes a top level control system for the spectrometer for quick experimental configuration as well as configurable modeling software to verify results. Results are presented here from a system with the final software implementations and the two channel spectrometer configuration run on a single prototype coil. Progress towards the final multi-coil implementation is described. C1 Univ Minnesota, Ctr Interdisciplinary Applicat Magnet Resonance, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hammer, BE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Ctr Interdisciplinary Applicat Magnet Resonance, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM hammer@umn.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 433 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s11128-005-0007-9 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 098VG UT WOS:000241550300001 ER PT J AU Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L AF Yepez, Jeffrey Vahala, George Vahala, Linda TI Lattice quantum algorithm for the Schrodinger wave equation in 2+1 dimensions with a demonstration by modeling soliton instabilities SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE non-linear Schrodinger wave equation; quantum algorithm; soliton dynamics; non-linear quantum mechanical instability; quantum computing; computational physics ID REPRESENTATION AB A lattice-based quantum algorithm is presented to model the non-linear Schrodinger-like equations in 2 + 1 dimensions. In this lattice-based model, using only 2 qubits per node, a sequence of unitary collide (qubit-qubit interaction) and stream (qubit translation) operators locally evolve a discrete field of probability amplitudes that in the long-wavelength limit accurately approximates a non-relativistic scalar wave function. The collision operator locally entangles pairs of qubits followed by a streaming operator that spreads the entanglement throughout the two dimensional lattice. The quantum algorithmic scheme employs a non-linear potential that is proportional to the moduli square of the wave function. The model is tested on the transverse modulation instability of a one dimensional soliton wave train, both in its linear and non-linear stages. In the integrable cases where analytical solutions are available, the numerical predictions are in excellent agreement with the theory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM jeffrey.yepez@hanscom.af.mil NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 457 EP 469 DI 10.1007/s11128-005-0008-8 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 098VG UT WOS:000241550300002 ER PT J AU Yepez, J AF Yepez, Jeffrey TI Relativistic path integral as a lattice-based quantum algorithm SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on the Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics CY AUG 20, 2004 CL Tufts Univ, Cambridge, MA HO Tufts Univ DE Dirac equation; quantum computing; quantum lattice gas; many-body relativistic quantum mechanics; path integrals ID GAS MODEL; EQUATION; DIRAC AB We demonstrate the equivalence of two representations of many-body relativistic quantum mechanics: the quantum lattice-gas method and the path integral method. The former serves as an efficient lattice-based quantum algorithm to simulate the space-time dynamics of a system of Dirac particles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Jeffrey.Yepez@hanscom.af.mil NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 471 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s11128-005-0009-7 PG 39 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 098VG UT WOS:000241550300003 ER PT J AU Greenhouse, A Halloran, TJ Scherlis, WL AF Greenhouse, A Halloran, TJ Scherlis, WL TI Observations on the assured evolution of concurrent Java programs SO SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Concurrency and Synchronization in Java Programs CY JUL 25-26, 2004 CL St Johns, CANADA DE Java; concurrency; program assurance; static analysis; program transformation; refactoring; program evolution AB Evolving and refactoring concurrent Java software can be error-prone, resulting in race conditions and other concurrency difficulties. We suggest that there are two principal causes: concurrency design intent is often not explicit in code and, additionally, consistency of intent and code cannot easily be established through either testing or inspection. We explore several aspects of this issue in this paper. First, we describe a tool-assisted approach to modeling and assurance for concurrent programs. Second, we give an account of recent case study experience on larger-scale production Java systems. Third, we suggest an approach to scalable co-evolution of code and models that is designed to support working programmers without special training or incentives. Fourth, we propose some concurrency-related refactorings that, with suitable analysis and tool support, can potentially offer assurances of soundness. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Software Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Inst Software Engn, 4500 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM aarong@sei.cmu.edu; thallora@afit.edu; scherlis@cmu.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6423 EI 1872-7964 J9 SCI COMPUT PROGRAM JI Sci. Comput. Program. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 SI SI BP 384 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.scico.2005.03.002 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 986BR UT WOS:000233424300007 ER PT J AU Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Tiley, JS Miracle, DB AF Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Tiley, JS Miracle, DB TI Grain refinement of cast titanium alloys via trace boron addition SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; casting; grain refining; microstructure AB The grain size of as-cast Ti-6Al-4V is reduced by about an order of magnitude from 1700 to 200 pin with an addition of 0.1 wt.% boron. A much weaker dependence of reduction in grain size is obtained for boron additions from > 0.1% to 1.0%. Similar trends were observed in boron-modified as-cast Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Tamirisakandala, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sesh.tamirisa@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 14 TC 157 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1421 EP 1426 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.08.020 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 975YR UT WOS:000232700500019 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Missed training days SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB You spend a great deal of time carefully planning the strength and conditioning programs for your athletes. Each cycle, and each day within that cycle, is designed to ultimately bring about optimal performance capabilities. How do you react when athletes miss assigned workouts because sport coach(es) unexpectedly alter plans at the last moment (i.e., change practice schedule, call a team meeting, plan team-building activities)? We asked our panel of coaches how they respond in this situation. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 6 BP 87 EP 89 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 994ZN UT WOS:000234069800014 ER PT J AU Ismail, IMK Hawkins, T AF Ismail, IMK Hawkins, T TI Kinetics of thermal decomposition of aluminium hydride: I-non-isothermal decomposition under vacuum and in inert atmosphere (argon) SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE aluminium hydride; decomposition; shelf-life prediction; model free kinetics; thermal stability ID PHASE-CHANGE; SOLIDS; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB Recently, interest in aluminium hydride (alane) as a rocket propulsion ingredient has been renewed due to improvements in its manufacturing process and an increase in thermal stability. When alane is added to solid propellant formulations, rocket performance is enhanced and the specific impulse increases. Preliminary work was performed at AFRL on the characterization and evaluation of two alane samples. Decomposition kinetics were determined from gravimetric TGA data and volumetric vacuum thermal stability (VTS) results. Chemical analysis showed the samples had 88.30% (by weight) aluminium and 9.96% hydrogen. The average density, as measured by helium pycnometery, was 1.486 g/cc. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particles were mostly composed of sharp edged crystallographic polyhedral such as simple cubes, cubic octahedrons and hexagonal prisms. Thermogravimetric analysis was utilized to investigate the decomposition kinetics of alane in argon atmosphere and to shed light on the mechanism of alane decomposition. Two kinetic models were successfully developed and used to propose a mechanism for the complete decomposition of alane and to predict its shelf-life during storage. Alane decomposes in two steps. The slowest (rate-determining) step is solely controlled by solid state nucleation of aluminium crystals; the fastest step is due to growth of the crystals. Thus, during decomposition, hydrogen gas is liberated and the initial polyhedral AlH3 crystals yield a final mix of amorphous aluminium and aluminium crystals. After establishing the kinetic model, prediction calculations indicated that alane can be stored in inert atmosphere at temperatures below 10 degrees C for long. periods of time (e.g., 15 years) without significant decomposition. After 15 years of storage, the kinetic model predicts similar to 0.1% decomposition, but storage at higher temperatures in (e.g. 30 degrees C) is not recommended. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Ismail, IMK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM ismail.ismail@edwards.af.mil NR 31 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 439 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2005.08.029 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 994YC UT WOS:000234066100005 ER PT J AU Braydich-Stolle, L Hussain, S Schlager, JJ Hofmann, MC AF Braydich-Stolle, L Hussain, S Schlager, JJ Hofmann, MC TI In vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian germline stem cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; toxicity; cell line; spermatogonia; stem cells ID INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; DRUG-DELIVERY; CADMIUM; MOUSE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; LINE; SPERMATOGENESIS; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSLOCATION AB Gametogenesis is a complex biological process that is particularly sensitive to environmental insults such as chemicals. Many chemicals have a negative impact on the germline, either by directly affecting the germ cells, or indirectly through their action on the somatic nursing cells. Ultimately, these effects can inhibit fertility, and they may have negative consequences for the development of the offspring. Recently, nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanowires, fullerene derivatives (buckyballs), and quantum dots have received enormous national attention in the creation of new types of analytical tools for biotechnology and the life sciences. Despite the wide application of nanomaterials, there is a serious lack of information concerning their impact on human health and the environment. Thus, there are limited studies available on toxicity of nanoparticles for risk assessment of nanomaterials. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of a mouse spermatogonial stem cell line as a model to assess nanotoxicity in the male germline in vitro. The effects of different types of nanoparticles on these cells were evaluated by light microscopy, and by cell proliferation and standard cytotoxicity assays. Our results demonstrate a concentration-dependent toxicity for all types of particles tested, whereas the corresponding soluble salts had no significant effect. Silver nanoparticles were the most toxic while molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoparticles were the least toxic. Our results suggest that this cell line provides a valuable model with which to assess the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in the germ line in vitro. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Sci Ctr 303C, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Appl Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hofmann, MC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Sci Ctr 303C, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Marie-Claude.Hofmann@notes.udayton.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD044543, R01 HD044543-01A2] NR 46 TC 582 Z9 623 U1 16 U2 180 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi256 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 983FC UT WOS:000233215700015 PM 16014736 ER PT J AU Redfield, R AF Redfield, R TI Large motion mountain biking dynamics SO VEHICLE SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE mountain biking; vehicle dynamics; suspension systems; bond graph modelling ID BICYCLE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS; MODEL AB A bond graph model of a mountain bike and rider is created to develop baseline predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during large excursion maneuvers such as drops, jumps, crashes and rough terrain riding. The model assumes planar dynamics, a hard-tail (front suspension only) bicycle and a rider fixed to the bicycle. An algorithm is developed to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. This model would be most applicable to novice mountain bikers who maintain a nearly rigid relationship between their body and the bicycle as opposed to experienced riders who are versed in controlling the bicycle independent of the body. Simulations of a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Results from this model are to be compared to experimental data and more complex models in later research, particularly models including a separate rider. ne overarching goals of the research are to examine and understand the dynamics and control of interactions between a cyclist and mountain bike. Specific goals are to understand the improvement in performance afforded by an experienced rider, to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform manoeuvres well and safely, to predict structural bike and body forces from these maneuvers and to quantify performance differences between hard-tail and full suspension bicycles. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Redfield, R (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM rob.redfield@usafa.af.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0042-3114 J9 VEHICLE SYST DYN JI Veh. Syst. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 12 BP 845 EP 865 DI 10.1080/00423110412331289844 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 992UN UT WOS:000233909600001 ER PT J AU McCrary, BF Hursh, TA AF McCrary, BF Hursh, TA TI Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for a delayed frostbite injury SO WOUNDS-A COMPENDIUM OF CLINICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID REPERFUSION INJURY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; REDUCTION; SKIN AB Hyperbaric oxygen is an approved therapy for 13 pathologic entities. Treatment of frostbite with hyperbaric oxygen is still considered investigational in the United States. Improvement in tissue survival following treatment has been favorably demonstrated in published case reports. This is a case report of severe peripheral frostbite injury in a hiker who presented for hyperbaric oxygen treatments 22 days after her injury. Initially, it was thought that amputation of her fingertips would be necessary. After receiving 21 treatments over a 5-week period, the patient made a complete recovery with only superficial sloughing of skin. Photos document her progress with daily hyperbaric oxygen treatments. A discussion of case reports on the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for frostbite is provided, followed by proposed therapeutic mechanisms of action. C1 USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis Air Force Base, CA USA. RP McCrary, BF (reprint author), 653 Ruby Dr, Vacaville, CA 95687 USA. EM mccrarymia@msn.com NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU H M P COMMUNICATIONS PI MALVERN PA 83 GENERAL WARREN BLVD, STE 100, MALVERN, PA 19355 USA SN 1044-7946 J9 WOUNDS JI Wounds-Compend. Clin. Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 12 BP 327 EP 331 PG 5 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 999LY UT WOS:000234392000003 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL AF Sutherland, RL TI Energy transfer between incident laser and elastically backscattered waves in nonlinear absorption media SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITIES; SCATTERING; MODEL AB A model of energy transfer by nearly degenerate two-beam coupling in media exhibiting two-photon and excited state absorption is presented and discussed. The two beams include an incident laser, which has a nonlinear time dependent phase, and an elastically backscattered wave derived from the incident laser. Superposition of these two waves creates an index modulation, arising from a spatially modulated, two-photon-created excited-state population, which couples the forward and backward propagating waves. Reflectance of the stimulated wave and transmittance of the incident laser are computed, including the effects of two-photon absorption and excited state absorption as well as energy transfer between the two beams, and the relevance of the results to experimental measurements is discussed. The backscattered wave has a frequency that is unshifted with respect to that of the incident laser, and the small signal gain is proportional to the square of the incident laser intensity. The different effects due to multimode and chirped waves are also discussed. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.sutherland@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 24 BP 9788 EP 9795 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.009788 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 993QY UT WOS:000233971200019 PM 19503187 ER PT J AU Fraga, CG Corley, CA AF Fraga, CG Corley, CA TI The chemometric resolution and quantification of overlapped peaks form comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE liquid chromatography; two-dimensional; complex mixtures; GRAM; PARAFAC; three-way data; trilinear ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RANK ANNIHILATION METHOD; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RETENTION TIME ALIGNMENT; GC X GC; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; JET FUEL; SEPARATIONS AB The chemometric resolution and quantification of overlapped peaks from comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography (LC x LC) data are demonstrated. The LC x LC data is produced from an in-house LC x LC analyzer that couples an anion-exchange column via a multi-port valve with a reversed-phase column connected to a UV absorbance detector. Three test mixtures, each containing a target analyte, are subjected to partial LC x LC separations to simulate likely cases of signal overlap. The resulting unresolved target-analyte signals are then analyzed by the standard-addition method and two chemometric methods. The LC x LC analyses of a test mixture and its corresponding standard-addition mixture results in two data matrices, one for each mixture. The stacking of these two data matrices produces a data structure that can then be analyzed by trilinear chemometric methods. One method, the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM), uses a non-iterative eigenvalue-based approach to mathematically resolve overlapped trilinear signals. The other method, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), uses an iterative approach to resolve trilinear signals by the optimization of initial estimates using alternating least squares and signal constraints. In this paper, GRAM followed by PARAFAC analysis is shown to produce better qualitative and quantitative results than using each method separately. For instance, for all three test mixtures, the GRAM-PARAFAC approach improved quantitative accuracy by at least a factor of 4 and quantitative precision by more than 2 when compared to GRAM alone. This paper also introduces a new means of correcting run-to-run retention time shifts in comprehensive 2D chromatographic data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fraga, CG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM carlos.fraga@usafa.af.mil NR 49 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 1096 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.118 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 989KJ UT WOS:000233672100005 PM 16301068 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Goltz, MN AF Huang, JQ Goltz, MN TI A three-dimensional analytical model to simulate groundwater flow during operation of recirculating wells SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical solutions; injection/extraction wells; three-dimensional groundwater flow modeling ID REMEDIATION; INJECTION; PAIRS AB The potential for using pairs of so-called horizontal flow treatment wells (HFTWs) to effect in situ capture and treatment of contaminated groundwater has recently been demonstrated. To apply this new technology, design engineers need to be able to simulate the relatively complex groundwater flow patterns that result from HFTW operation. In this work, a three-dimensional analytical solution for steady flow in a homogeneous, anisotropic, contaminated aquifer is developed to efficiently calculate the interflow of water circulating between a pair of HFTWs and map the spatial extent of contaminated groundwater flowing from upgradient that is captured. The solution is constructed by superposing the solutions for the flow fields resulting from operation of partially penetrating wells. The solution is used to investigate the flow resulting from operation of an HFTW well pair and to quantify how aquifer anisotropy, well placement, and pumping rate impact capture zone width and interflow. The analytical modeling method presented here provides a fast and accurate technique for representing the flow field resulting from operation of HFTW systems, and represents a tool that can be useful in designing in situ groundwater contamination treatment systems. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM junqi.huang@afit.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.039 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 993IV UT WOS:000233948700006 ER PT J AU Deshmukh, SP Mishra, RS Kendig, KL AF Deshmukh, SP Mishra, RS Kendig, KL TI Creep behavior of extruded Al-6Mg-1Sc-1Zr-10 vol.% SiCp composite SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE aluminum matrix composite; creep behavior; threshold stress ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MG-SC ALLOYS; THRESHOLD STRESSES AB Creep tests were performed on a fine-grained Al-6Mg-1Sc-1Zr-10vol.% SiC particulate composite in the temperature range of 423-533 K. The composite exhibited a high value of apparent stress exponent and apparent activation energy for creep at low temperatures. The flow behavior of this composite was characterized by the presence of a threshold stress. Incorporation of threshold stress into analysis reduces the high values of apparent stress exponent and activation energy to those anticipated from the creep of solid solution alloys. The result showed increased creep resistance in the composite compared to the unreinforced alloy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mishra, RS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM rsmishra@umr.edu RI Mishra, Rajiv/A-7985-2009 OI Mishra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1699-0614 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.096 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000014 ER PT J AU Park, JE Semiatin, SL Lee, CS Chang, YW AF Park, JE Semiatin, SL Lee, CS Chang, YW TI Structural superplasticity of an Al alloy in low strain rate regime - An internal variable approach SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Langdon Symposium on Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials held at the 2005 TMS Spring Meeting CY FEB 13-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE internal variables; superplasticity; aging treatment; grain boundary sliding ID GRAIN-SIZE; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES AB Most of the conventional approaches for structural superplasticity have utilized the external variables such as total stress and strain. The effect of grain size and test temperature has not, however, been clarified quantitatively yet from these approaches. A quantitative analysis for structural superplasticity has recently been progressed considerably with the use of the internal variable concept. Nevertheless the precise role of grain size and test temperature on flow characteristics has not been elucidated especially in low strain rate region. Several fundamental characteristics, such as the validity of threshold stresses and the role of grain size, are yet to be resolved or still in controversy in the superplasticity community. In this study, a series of load relaxation and tensile tests has been conducted in the above regard to obtain the flow curves, which were consequently analyzed based on the internal variable theory for structural superplasticity, focusing especially on the low strain rate region. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chang, YW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, San 31, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. EM ywchang@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 410 SI SI BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.136 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LT UT WOS:000234034000028 ER PT J AU Look, DC Farlow, GC Reunchan, P Limpijumnong, S Zhang, SB Nordlund, K AF Look, DC Farlow, GC Reunchan, P Limpijumnong, S Zhang, SB Nordlund, K TI Evidence for native-defect donors in n-type ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE ZNO; SHALLOW DONOR; ZINC-OXIDE; BULK ZNO; HYDROGEN; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEVICES AB Recent theory has found that native defects such as the O vacancy V-O and Zn interstitial Zn-I have high formation energies in n-type ZnO and, thus, are not important donors, especially in comparison to impurities such as H. In contrast, we use both theory and experiment to show that, under N ambient, the complex Zn-I-N-O is a stronger candidate than H or any other known impurity for a 30 meV donor commonly found in bulk ZnO grown from the vapor phase. Since the Zn vacancy is also the dominant acceptor in such material, we must conclude that native defects are important donors and acceptors in ZnO. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Natl Renewal Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Reunchan, Pakpoom/B-3879-2012; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Nordlund, Kai/L-8275-2014 OI Reunchan, Pakpoom/0000-0002-8377-8912; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Nordlund, Kai/0000-0001-6244-1942 NR 35 TC 309 Z9 321 U1 7 U2 104 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 22 AR 225502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.225502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 986OB UT WOS:000233458500035 PM 16384231 ER PT J AU Frampton, MJ Akdas, H Cowley, AR Rogers, JE Slagle, JE Fleitz, PA Drobizhev, M Rebane, A Anderson, HL AF Frampton, MJ Akdas, H Cowley, AR Rogers, JE Slagle, JE Fleitz, PA Drobizhev, M Rebane, A Anderson, HL TI Synthesis, crystal structure, and nonlinear optical behavior of beta-unsubstituted meso-meso E-vinylene-linked porphyrin dimers SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; GROUND-STATE; MODELS; TRANS-1,2-BIS(MESO-OCTAETHYLPORPHYRINYL)ETHENE; ENHANCEMENT; FLUORIDE AB A vinylene-linked porphyrin dimer, with no substituents at the beta-positions, has been synthesized by Cul/CsF promoted Stille coupling. In the crystal structure of this dimer, the C2H2 bridge is twisted by 45 degrees relative to the plane of the porphyrins. The absorption, emission spectra, and electrochemistry reveal substantial porphyrin-porphyrin T-conjugation. The triplet excited-state absorption spectrum of this dimer makes it suitable for reverse saturable absorption at 710-900 nm. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Anderson, HL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. EM harry.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Rebane, Aleksander/A-8299-2008; Anderson, Harry/E-7843-2011 OI Anderson, Harry/0000-0002-1801-8132 NR 29 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2005 VL 7 IS 24 BP 5365 EP 5368 DI 10.1021/ol0520525 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 987GF UT WOS:000233505700005 PM 16288507 ER PT J AU Eriksson, S Baker, JBH Petrinec, SM Wang, H Rich, FJ Kuznetsova, M Dunlop, MW Reme, H Greenwald, RA Frey, HU Luhr, H Ergun, RE Balogh, A Carlson, CW AF Eriksson, S Baker, JBH Petrinec, SM Wang, H Rich, FJ Kuznetsova, M Dunlop, MW Reme, H Greenwald, RA Frey, HU Luhr, H Ergun, RE Balogh, A Carlson, CW TI On the generation of enhanced sunward convection and transpolar aurora in the high-latitude ionosphere by magnetic merging SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; POLAR-CAP ARCS; SMALL-SCALE IRREGULARITIES; LOBE CELL CONVECTION; NORTHWARD IMF; THETA-AURORA; PLASMA SHEET; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; HARANG DISCONTINUITY; DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL AB [1] The IMAGE Wideband Imaging Camera (WIC) instrument observed the duskside development of an oval-aligned transpolar auroral arc (TPA) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) on 16 December 2001 during strong IMF \B\ similar to 18 nT and a generally steady similar to 56 degrees clock angle ( positive IMF B-y and B-z). Observational evidence suggests that the dayside part of the duskside TPA formed due to quasi-continuous merging between the IMF and the lobe magnetic field tailward of the cusp while the nightside part is associated with the Harang discontinuity. The low-altitude CHAMP satellite confirms an upward northward IMF B-z (NBZ) field-aligned current (FAC) over the dayside TPA while associating a downward NBZ current with the region of diminished WIC emissions in between the auroral oval and the TPA. DMSP F14 suggests that the dayside region of the downward NBZ current coincides with precipitating magnetosheath-like ions of reversed energy-latitude dispersion consistent with high-latitude reconnection. SuperDARN observes enhanced ionospheric sunward flows generally centered between the oppositely directed NBZ currents. We associate these flows with a clockwise lobe convection vortex and the dayside part of the TPA. The nightside TPA, however, is related to stagnant or antisunward flow and the upward FAC region of the Harang discontinuity. Cluster observations confirm the simultaneous presence of rotational discontinuities across the duskside magnetopause with changes in the magnetosheath plasma velocity that indicate an active merging region poleward of Cluster. A global MHD simulation generates sunward flow between a pair of opposite FACs on either side of a lobe reconnection site near (X, Y, Z)(GSM) = (-4.7, 5.4, 10.2) R-E thus conforming with Cluster and SuperDARN expectations. The sense of these FACs agrees with the low-altitude NBZ observations. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Div Space Sci, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31029 Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eriksson@lasp.colorado.edu RI Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012; OI Eriksson, Stefan/0000-0002-5619-1577; Greenwald, Raymond/0000-0002-7421-5536 NR 91 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 23 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A11 AR A11218 DI 10.1029/2005JA011149 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 988WX UT WOS:000233633300001 ER PT J AU Heckman, EM Hagen, JA Yaney, PP Grote, JG Hopkins, FK AF Heckman, EM Hagen, JA Yaney, PP Grote, JG Hopkins, FK TI Processing techniques for deoxyribonucleic acid: Biopolymer for photonics applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DNA AB Marine-based deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), purified from waste products of the Japanese fishing industry, has recently become a material of interest in photonics applications. Using highly purified DNA, unique processing techniques developed specifically to transform the purified DNA into a biopolymer suitable for optical device fabrication are reported. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM emily.heckman@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 21 AR 211115 DI 10.1063/1.2135205 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 985FM UT WOS:000233362300015 ER PT J AU Brown, JM Anderson, DP Justice, RS Lafdi, K Belfor, M Strong, KL Schaefer, DW AF Brown, JM Anderson, DP Justice, RS Lafdi, K Belfor, M Strong, KL Schaefer, DW TI Hierarchical morphology of carbon single-walled nanotubes during sonication in an aliphatic diamine SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE small-angle scattering; single-walled carbon nanotubes; hierarchical morphology ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; POWER-LAW APPROACH; POLYMER COMPOSITES; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; EPOXY COMPOSITES; AMIDE SOLVENTS; DISPERSION; ADSORPTION; BLACK AB Dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by sonication into diamine curing agents is studied as a means to improve the dispersion of SWNTs in cured epoxy. Cured and uncured specimens are analyzed by light microscopy, electron microscopy, light scattering (LS), ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), electrical conductivity and Raman spectroscopy. A flexible diamine (D2000) forms a stable SWNT suspension leading to good homogeneity in both the diamine and the cured epoxy. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that small ropes of SWNTs (mostly under 15 nm) are present despite the sample's visual homogeneity. Further morphological investigation of cured and uncured D2000 resins using light and small-angle X-ray scattering indicates that the SWNTs are networked into fractal clusters that electrically percolate at low SWNTs loadings (0.05 wt%). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBCO,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBCO,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM janis.brown@wpafb.af.mil RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 56 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 24 BP 10854 EP 10865 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.089 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 982FZ UT WOS:000233144700030 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Hu, JJ Jones, JG Zabinski, JS AF Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Hu, JJ Jones, JG Zabinski, JS TI Growth and characterization of nanocomposite yttria-stabilized zirconia with Ag and Mo SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE nanocomposites; pulsed laser deposition; magnetron sputtering; hardness ID CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CARBON COMPOSITES; COATINGS; FILMS; HARD; PERFORMANCE; OXIDATION; GOLD AB The effect of metal additions on the structure and properties of nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films deposited by a hybrid magnetron sputtering/pulsed laser deposition technique was studied. The materials are candidates for use as adaptive, "chameleon" nanocomposites for tribological applications subjected to thermal cycling up to high (700 degrees C) temperatures. The composition, structure and mechanical properties of the films were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation. Increasing the metal content of the films by increasing the magnetron power resulted in decreased zirconia grain sizes for films with silver and/or molybdenum additions. The reduced zirconia grain size was attributed to a decrease in the ion-to-atom ratio during deposition. Unlike the YSZ-Ag films that exhibited reduced hardness with increasing metal content, YSZ-Mo film hardness increased from 12 to 17.5 GPa at 15 and 24 at.% molybdenum, respectively. Adding molybdenum to the films resulted in cracks and holes in the film surface indicative of molybdenum oxidation during processing. Adding both silver and molybdenum eliminated the undesirable surface features found in the YSZ-Mo films. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, UES Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1549 EP 1554 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.032 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600060 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R Neidhard, R Nykiel, E Ebel, J Strawser, R Stamper, K Calcatera, M AF Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R Neidhard, R Nykiel, E Ebel, J Strawser, R Stamper, K Calcatera, M TI RF performance evaluation of ferroelectric varactor shunt switches SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric varactor; capacitive shunt switch; microwave/ millimeterwave switches; coplanar waveguide transmission lines ID MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS AB This paper addresses experimental RF performance evaluation, and electrical-parameter extraction of different-size ferroelectric varactor shunt switches. Ferroelectric varactor shunt-switch operation is based on the nonlinear dielectric tunability of a Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin film sandwiched between two metal layers in a parallel-plate configuration. Coplanar-waveguide implementation of the varactor shunt switch results in a high-speed RF switch, through a simple two-metal layer Si MMIC compatible process on high-resistivity Si substrates. The experimental RF performance of the switches shows low insertion loss for smaller-area devices, with good isolation for larger-area devices. To optimize the device design, the rf performances of multiple devices are tested, and the electrical parameters are extracted. The capacitance of the varactor shunt switches tested are tunable by more than 4:1 for bias voltages below 12 V. The switching speed of the devices tested is approximately 43 ns, based on the step-response measurements. 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 370 EP 374 DI 10.1002/mop.21172 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 973QJ UT WOS:000232537400020 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Burke, WJ Lin, CS AF Huang, CY Burke, WJ Lin, CS TI Ion precipitation in the dawn sector during geomagnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; EQUATORIAL MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA; SUBSTORM; MODEL; CRRES; TIME; PARTICLES; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB Three southward turnings of the IMF during the magnetic storm of 29-31 October 2003 led to ring current intensifications characterized by Dst minima. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites detected low-energy ions precipitating equatorward of auroral electrons in the dawn/morning local time sector. These ion fluxes weakened and/or vanished subsequent to Dst recoveries. A survey of the DMSP database reveals that near-dawn ion precipitation is a main-phase characteristic of all large magnetic storms. DMSP and Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) satellites also detected similar ion precipitation during the main phase of the March 1991 magnetic storm. To reconcile these observations with elementary concepts of ion drifts, the data suggest two source populations. The lowest-energy ions were initially energized earthward of the plasma sheet electron boundary in the evening sector then corotated eastward. Higher-energy ions originated in the plasma sheet and drifted close to the Earth under the combined influences of time-varying convective electric fields and azimuthal gradients in the Earth's magnetic field. We developed a modified Volland Stern model to study test-particle trajectories in asymmetric magnetic fields and variable electric fields compatible with CRRES measurements. Ions with magnetic moments mu >= mu(c) approximate to 14 eV/nT drift duskward. Ions with mu < mu(c) are injected to low L shells during a spike in the convective electric field. As the electric field diminishes and shielding increases, these ions drift toward dawn much closer to Earth than any test electron trajectories. Precipitation in the dawn sector results from a combination of pitch-angle scattering by intense ambient waves and the dictates of ion drift paths. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM cheryl.huang@hanscom.af.mil NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 19 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A11 AR A11213 DI 10.1029/2005JA011116 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 988IY UT WOS:000233588800004 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM Decker, DT Borer, WS Daniell, RE Fejer, BG AF Retterer, JM Decker, DT Borer, WS Daniell, RE Fejer, BG TI Assimilative modeling of the equatorial ionosphere for scintillation forecasting: Modeling with vertical drifts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; PLASMA DRIFTS; REGION; JICAMARCA; SATELLITE; WINDS AB Knowledge of the vertical plasma drift velocity observed by the Jicamarca incoherent radar in seven events is assimilated into a theoretical model for the ambient F region plasma density. Comparisons of the calculated plasma density model and the observed plasma density show that, apart from the signature effects of equatorial plasma bubbles, the ambient model captures much of the detail of the plasma density profiles. Rayleigh-Taylor growth rates calculated with the ambient model show a good correlation with the occurrence of spread F. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM john.retterer@hanscom.af.mil NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 19 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A11 AR A11307 DI 10.1029/2002JA009613 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 988IY UT WOS:000233588800001 ER PT J AU Demidov, VI DeJoseph, CA Kudryavtsev, AA AF Demidov, VI DeJoseph, CA Kudryavtsev, AA TI Anomalously high near-wall sheath potential drop in a plasma with nonlocal fast electrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AFTERGLOW PLASMA; COUPLED PLASMA; DISCHARGE; KINETICS AB It is demonstrated for the first time that the presence of a small number of fast, nonlocal electrons can dramatically change the thickness of and electric field in the near-wall sheath. Even if the density of the nonlocal fast group, n(f), is much less than the density of the bulk electrons, n(b) (n(f)similar to 10(-5)n(b)), the near-wall potential can increase dramatically resulting in a comparable increase in the sheath thickness. Because of this low fractional density, the average energy (electron temperature T-e) of all electrons is little changed from that of the bulk, yet the near-wall potential drop can increase to tens of T-e/e. More importantly, due to the nonlocal nature of this group of electrons, the near-wall sheath potential is found to be independent of T-e and is determined only by the energy of the fast group. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Demidov, VI (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/I-3413-2012 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 215002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.215002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100030 PM 16384148 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Chen, MW Knight, ZA Dobbs, M AF McGlasson, DL Chen, MW Knight, ZA Dobbs, M TI Urinary 11-dehydrotromboxane B2 levels in healthy individuals following a single dose response to two concentrations of aspirin. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 3979 BP 74B EP 74B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CG UT WOS:000233426100278 ER PT J AU Herbeuval, JP Grivel, JC Boasso, A Hardy, AW Chougnet, C Dolan, MJ Yagita, H Lifson, JD Shearer, GM AF Herbeuval, JP Grivel, JC Boasso, A Hardy, AW Chougnet, C Dolan, MJ Yagita, H Lifson, JD Shearer, GM TI CD4(+) T-cell death induced by infectious and noninfectious HIV-1: role of type 1 interferon-dependent, TRAEL/DR5-mediated apoptosis SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; LIGAND TRAIL; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; DENDRITIC CELLS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; LYMPH-NODES; FAS; ALPHA; LYMPHOCYTES AB It has been proposed that direct and indirect mechanisms contribute to the unresolved issue of CD4(+) T-cell depletion that results from HIV-1 infection. We recently reported that plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) are elevated in HIV-1-infected patients and that they correlate with viral load. The present study investigates the expression of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) in the peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1-infected patients and its role in CD4(+) T-cell death. DR5 expression was elevated and associated with the apoptotic marker annexin V. Apoptosis was reduced in CD4(+) T cells when cultured with anti-DR5 antibody.The decreased viral loads and increased anti-DR5 antibody. CD4(+), but not CD8(+), T cells from uninfected donors expressed TRAIL, DR5, and activated caspase-3 when cultured with infectious or noninfectious HIV-1, resulting in preferential apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells. TRAIL, caspase-3 expression, and apoptosis were type 1 interferon (IFN) dependent. Induction of apoptosis and DR5 expression required glycoprotein 120 (gp120)-CD4 interaction. Finally, we analyzed DR5 expression CD4 counts of HAART-responsive patients were associated with a decrease in DR5 mRNA expression by CD4(+) T lymphocytes. We propose a novel model in which a type 1 IFN-regulated TRAIL/DR5 mechanism induces apoptosis of HIV-1-exposed CD4(+) T cells. C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Lab Cellular & Mol Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Mol Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Tokyo 113, Japan. NCI, AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Shearer, GM (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gene_shearer@nih.gov OI Boasso, Adriano/0000-0001-9673-6319 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 51 TC 125 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 10 BP 3524 EP 3531 DI 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1243 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 982US UT WOS:000233187700038 PM 16046522 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Koerner, H Anderson, KL Vaia, RA Farmer, BL AF Heinz, H Koerner, H Anderson, KL Vaia, RA Farmer, BL TI Force field for mica-type silicates and dynamics of octadecylammonium chains grafted to montmorillonite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LAYERED SILICATES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; MAS-NMR; WATER; MECHANICS; INTERLAYER AB Layered silicates are widely used in nanotechnology and composite materials. We describe a force field for phyllosilicates (mica, montmorillonite, and pyrophyllite) on the basis of physically justified atomic charges, van der Waals parameters, vibrational constants, and distributions of charge defects in agreement with solid state Si-29 NMR data. Unit cell parameters deviate only -0.5% relative to experimental X-ray measurements and surface (respectively cleavage) energies deviate less than 10% from experimental data, including the partition between Coulomb and van der Waals contributions. Reproduction of surface energies facilitates quantitative simulations of hybrid interfaces with water, organics, and biomolecules for which accurate force fields are available. Parameters are consistent with the force fields PCFF (polymer consistent force field), CVFF (consistent valence force field), CHARMM (chemistry at Harvard macromolecular mechanics), and GROMACS (Groningen machine for chemical simulations). As an example of interest, we investigate the structure and dynamics of octadecylammonium montmorillonite ("C-18"-montmorillonite, cation exchange capacity = 91 mmol/100 g) by molecular dynamics simulation. The surfactant chains assemble essentially as a bilayer with minimal interpenetration within the gallery while the ammonium headgroups are hydrogen-bonded to cavities in the montmorillonite surface. In contrast to quaternary ammonium ions, no rearrangements on the surface have been observed (cavity crossing barrier >5 kcal/mol). The alkyl chains are in a liquidlike state with approximately 30% gauche conformations, in agreement with previous Fourier-transform infrared and solid-state NMR measurements. Computed X-ray diffraction patterns of sodium and C-18-montmorillonite agree very well with X-ray patterns from experiment, and the computational model can assist in the assignment of complex reflections. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 64 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 9 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 23 BP 5658 EP 5669 DI 10.1021/cm0509328 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 983WG UT WOS:000233262400010 ER PT J AU Goltz, MN Gandhi, RK Gorelick, SM Hopkins, GD Smith, LH Timmins, BH McCarty, PL AF Goltz, MN Gandhi, RK Gorelick, SM Hopkins, GD Smith, LH Timmins, BH McCarty, PL TI Field evaluation of in situ source reduction of trichloroethylene in groundwater using bioenhanced in-well vapor stripping SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY-SCALE ANALYSIS; AQUIFER REMEDIATION; BIOREMEDIATION AB Two technologies in combination, cometabolic bioremediation and in-well vapor stripping, were applied to reduce trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations in groundwater at a contaminant source area without the need to pump contaminated groundwater to the surface for treatment. The vapor-stripping well reduced source TCE concentrations (as high as 6-9 mg/L) by over 95%. Effluent from the well then flowed to two bioremediation wells, where additional reductions of approximately 60% were achieved. TCE removal was extensively monitored (for research and not regulatory purposes) using an automated system that collected samples about every 45 min at 55 locations over an area of approximately 50 x 60 m(2). During 4.5 months of system operation, total TCE mass removal was 8.1 kg, 7.1 kg of which resulted from in-well vapor stripping and 1.0 kg from biotreatment. The system reduced the average TCE concentration of about 3000 mu g/L in the source-zone groundwaterto about 250 mu g/L in water leaving the treatment zone, effecting greater than 92% TCE removal. A 6 month rebound study after system operation ceased found TCE concentrations then increased significantly in the treatment zone due to diffusion from the fractured rock below and perhaps other processes, with mass increases of about 1.5 kg in the lower aquifer and 0.3 kg in the upper aquifer. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.goltz@afit.edu RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; McCarty, Perry/H-1132-2011; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 22 BP 8963 EP 8970 DI 10.1021/es050628f PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984IS UT WOS:000233297100061 PM 16323801 ER PT J AU Luo, H Shaw, L Zhang, LC Miracle, D AF Luo, H Shaw, L Zhang, LC Miracle, D TI On tension/compression asymmetry of an extruded nanocrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Ti alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micomechanics of Advanced Materials held in Honour of James C M Lis 80th Birthday held at the TMS 2004 Annual Meeting CY NOV, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE nanocrystalline materials; aluminum alloy; asymmetry; tension; compression ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TENSILE PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYMERS; STRENGTH; CU AB A multi-phase nanocrystalline Al-93 Fe3Cr2Ti2 alloy containing 30 vol.% intermetallic particles was prepared via mechanical alloying, followed by hot extrusion. Tensile and compressive tests at ambient and elevated temperatures were performed on this nanocrystalline alloy. The alloy exhibited significant difference in deformation behavior between tension and compression at 25, 200 and 300 degrees C. However, the strengths obtained in tension and compression were similar at 400 degrees C. Systematic microstructure examinations and deformation mechanism analyses indicate that the asymmetry of this nc Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 alloy is related to its dislocation mediated plastic deformation mechanism, its nanoscale grain microstructure, and premature brittle failure in tension tests. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaw, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM msedept@engr.uconn.edu NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.06.075 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LS UT WOS:000234033900036 ER PT J AU Andersen, G AF Andersen, G TI Large optical photon sieve SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DIFFRACTION-ORDER; FRESNEL ZONE PLATES; FOCUSING ANALYSIS; EFFICIENCY; ELEMENTS; SPACE; MODEL AB A photon sieve with 10(7) holes has been constructed for operation at optical wavelengths. Details of the design, fabrication, and performance of this device are presented. The 1 m focal-length, 0.1 m diameter element is diffraction limited over a significant bandwidth and has a moderate field of view. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 USAF Acad, DFP, HQ, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFP, HQ, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM geoff.andersen@usafa.af.mil NR 12 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 22 BP 2976 EP 2978 DI 10.1364/OL.30.002976 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 983UY UT WOS:000233258800002 PM 16315693 ER PT J AU Meyer, TR Roy, S Anderson, TN Lucht, RP Barron-Jimenez, R Gord, JR AF Meyer, TR Roy, S Anderson, TN Lucht, RP Barron-Jimenez, R Gord, JR TI 10 kHz detection CO2 at 4.5 mu m by using tunable diode-laser-based difference-frequency generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION SENSORS; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY AB A compact, high-speed tunable, diode-laser-based mid-infrared (MIR) laser source has been developed for absorption spectroscopy of CO2 at rates up to 10 kHz. Radiation at 4.5 mu m with a mode-hop-free tuning range of 80 GHz is generated by difference-frequency mixing the 860 nm output of a distributed-feedback diode laser with the 1064 nm output of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. MIR absorption spectroscopy Of CO2 With a detection limit of 44 ppm m at 10 kHz is demonstrated in a C2H4-air laminar diffusion flame and in the exhaust of a liquid-fueled model gas-turbine combustor. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM trmeyer@innssi.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 22 BP 3087 EP 3089 DI 10.1364/OL.30.003087 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 983UY UT WOS:000233258800039 PM 16315730 ER PT J AU Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA AF Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA TI Nonlinear all-optical GaN/AlGaN multi-quantum-well devices for 100 Gb/s applications at lambda=1.55 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; MU-M; WAVELENGTH; SOA AB Using quantum-mechanical analysis, a strain-balanced stack of coupled GaN/AlGaN quantum wells has been engineered for bandwidth-optimized all-optical switching at low switching powers. Intersubband transitions between three conduction subbands provide the basis for the large, fast, nonlinear optical response. Optimized performance for a given symbol rate is obtained by engineering the response time and nonlinear phase shift. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 20 AR 201108 DI 10.1063/1.2132084 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 983PC UT WOS:000233243600008 ER PT J AU DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI AF DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI TI Spectroscopic study of a pulsed argon rf ICP discharge: stepwise excitation in the afterglow and its application in optical spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; COUPLED PLASMA; NOBLE-GAS; KINETICS; ATOMS AB It is shown experimentally in a noble-gas, pulsed rf ICP at low pressure (similar to 20 mTorr) that stepwise excitation may cause a maximum in the time dependence of the optical emission during the power-free stage following the rf pulse. During this stage, fast electrons are created by chemi-ionization of metastable atoms and collisions of second kind between metastables and slow electrons. These fast electrons have energies much greater than the overall average electron energy, which is typically similar to 0.1 eV for the power-free stage. If the flux of fast electrons exceeds the ambipolar flux of ions to the chamber walls, a dramatic increase in the near-wall potential drop occurs, from a few tenths of a volt to several volts, and a corresponding increase in the near-wall electric fields. In this case, a fraction of the fast electrons are reflected by the near-wall potential drop and accumulate in the plasma volume, leading to an increase in density as a function of time. Eventually, the fast electrons have sufficient density to produce significant excitation of the metastable states, increasing with time and creating a maximum in the optical emission. In the opposite case, when the flux of fast electrons is less than the flux of ions to the wall, stepwise excitation in the afterglow is usually negligible. In this case, a maximum can be caused by recombination, but generally, only at higher gas pressures. These effects should be taken into account in spectroscopy of post-discharge plasmas of various types and may be useful for measurements of relative cross-sections for stepwise excitation of atoms and molecules by monoenergetic electrons. The latter is possible because the collisional energy relaxation time of the fast electrons at these pressures is on the order of milliseconds, leading to the existence of a near monoenergetic energy spectrum for a significant time. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP DeJoseph, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Charles.DeJoseph@wpafb.af.mil RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 21 BP 3805 EP 3814 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/21/003 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 988GF UT WOS:000233579700004 ER PT J AU Yeom, S Javidi, B Watson, E AF Yeom, S Javidi, B Watson, E TI Photon counting passive 3D image sensing for automatic target recognition SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; PHOTODIODES; DESIGN AB In this paper, we propose photon counting three-dimensional (3D) passive sensing and object recognition using integral imaging. The application of this approach to 3D automatic target recognition (ATR) is investigated using both linear and nonlinear matched filters. We find there is significant potential of the proposed system for 3D sensing and recognition with a low number of photons. The discrimination capability of the proposed system is quantified in terms of discrimination ratio, Fisher ratio, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on photon counting 3D passive sensing and ATR with integral imaging. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yeom, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, U-2157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Bahram@engr.uconn.edu; Edward.Watson@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 23 BP 9310 EP 9330 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.009310 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA 984VY UT WOS:000233334900021 PM 19503132 ER PT J AU Fossum, E Tan, LS AF Fossum, E Tan, LS TI Geometrical influence of AB(n) monomer structure on the thermal properties of linear-hyperbranched ether-ketone copolymers prepared via an AB+AB(n) route SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE copolymerization; poly(ether-ketone); thermal properties ID LIVING ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; PHOSPHINE OXIDE)S; ACID; POLYESTERS; CYCLIZATION; POLYMERS; AB(2) AB A series of poly(ether ketone) copolymers were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic polymerization reactions of 4-fluoro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone, 2, in the presence of varying percentages of AB, monomers based on a triarylphosphine oxide platform, la (2F), 1b (4F), and 1c (6F), where A=OH and B=F. As expected, the crystallinity of the samples decreased with an increasing AB(n) content. However, the tetrahedral geometry of the phosphine oxide-based AB(n) monomers proved to be much more efficient at lowering the melt temperature of the copolymers than was the corresponding ketone-based AB(n) monomer, 3,5-bis(4-fluorophenylbenzoyl)phenol, 4, that possesses a structure more similar to that of 2. Polymerization of 2 in the presence of as little as 5 mol% of bis-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide, 1c (617), afforded a completely amorphous polymer with a glass transition temperature of 168 degrees C that was soluble in hot NMP and DMSO. The copolymers also exhibited excellent thermoxidative stability with a number of samples displaying 5% weight loss temperatures, in air, well in excess of 500 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. AFRL MLBP, Air Force Res Lab, Mfg Technol Directorate, Polymer Branch,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fossum, E (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM eric.fossum@wright.edu; tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 23 BP 9686 EP 9693 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.020 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 978SQ UT WOS:000232893700020 ER PT J AU U'ren, AB Erdmann, R Walmsley, IA AF U'ren, AB Erdmann, R Walmsley, IA TI Synthesis of time-bin entangled states via tailored group velocity matching SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2005 CL Snowbird, UT ID DOWN-CONVERSION; INFORMATION; PUMP AB We show that tailored group velocity matching in non- linear chi((2)) crystal sequences interspersed with birefringent chi((1)) compensators can be used to generate time-bin entangled states. By choosing the crystal and compensator materials appropriately it is possible to generate all four time-bin Bell states without resorting to time non- stationary devices. This scheme, in addition, lends itself well to the generation of higher-dimensionality states such as time-bin qutrits. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP U'ren, AB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM auren@cicese.mx NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 52 IS 16 BP 2197 EP 2205 DI 10.1080/09500340500275843 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 982OD UT WOS:000233170600004 ER PT J AU Geis, MW Deneault, S Krohn, KE Marchant, M Lyszczarz, TM Cooke, DL AF Geis, MW Deneault, S Krohn, KE Marchant, M Lyszczarz, TM Cooke, DL TI Field emission at 10 V cm(-1) with surface emission cathodes on negative-electron-affinity insulators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MECHANISM; DIAMOND AB Surface emission cathodes reported here consist of two electrodes separated by similar to 10 mu m on a negative-electron-affinity glass, Cs2Si4O9. The electrodes consist of a W film suspended over the insulator by a gap of 0-70 nm. When electron emission is initiated with a bias of 0-300 V, between the electrodes, the cathodes continue to emit after the bias is removed and for anode voltages as low as 20 V, electric fields < 10 Vcm(-1). The emission is modeled by the electrons tunneling from the electrode onto the glass surface and from there they are emitted into vacuum. Emission without bias is the result of positive charge in the insulator, which replaces the need for a bias voltage. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Geis, MW (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM geis@ll.mit.edu NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 192115 DI 10.1063/1.2130382 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800040 ER PT J AU Gano, SE Renaud, JE Sanders, B AF Gano, SE Renaud, JE Sanders, B TI Hybrid variable fidelity optimization by using a kriging-based scaling function SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ISSMO 10th Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2004 CL Albany, NY SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ISSMO ID MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN-METHODS; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; TURBULENT FLOWS; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHMS; CONVERGENCE; SENSITIVITY; COMPLEX AB Solving design problems that rely on very complex and computationally expensive calculations using standard optimization methods might not be feasible given design cycle time constraints. Variable fidelity methods address this issue by using lower-fidelity models and a scaling function to approximate,the higher-fidelity models in a provably convergent framework. In the past, scaling functions have mainly been either first-order multiplicative or additive corrections. These are being extended to second order. In this investigation variable metric approaches for calculating second-order scaling information are developed. A kriging-based scaling function is introduced to better approximate the high-fidelity response on a more global level. An adaptive hybrid method is also developed in this investigation. The adaptive hybrid method combines the additive and multiplicative approaches so that the designer does not have to determine which is more suitable prior to optimization. The methodologies developed in this research are compared to existing methods using two demonstration. problems. The first problem is analytic, whereas the second involves the design of a, supercritical high-lift airfoil. The results demonstrate that the kriging-based scaling methods improve computational expense by lowering the number of high-fidelity function calls required for convergence. The results also indicate the hybrid method is both robust and effective. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM sgano@nd.edu; John.E.Renaud.2@nd.edu; Brian.Sanders@wpafb.af.mil NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2422 EP 2430 DI 10.2514/1.12466 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 983SX UT WOS:000233253500018 ER PT J AU Letz, AG Quinn, JM AF Letz, AG Quinn, JM TI Relationship of basic military trainee emergency department visits for asthma and San Antonio air quality SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 18-23, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol ID LOW-LEVEL; OZONE; CHILDREN AB The U.S. Air Force conducts basic military, training (BMT) in San Antonio. TX an area with occasionally adverse air quality. Many individuals front the BMT population are evaluated,for asthma symptoms. The relationship of air quality with these symptoms has not been studied in this population. This study examines the correlation of several air quality indicators in relation to emergency department (ED) visits for asthma from the BMT population. The variables studied were basic trainee ED visits for asthma, the 8-hour air quality index (AQI) for ozone, and the 24-hour AQI for particulate matter <2.5 mu m for the San Antonio metropolitan area, daily pollen and fungal spore counts, and daily high temperature. The ED visits were obtained by retrospective review of medical records. Basic trainees reporting asthma symptoms often are referred to the allergy/immunology department for evaluation. The ED visits for only those patients who were later formally diagnosed with asthma were correlated also with the air quality indicators. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for all data pairs. There were 149 ED visits meeting inclusion criteria for period of time studied (328 days). Forty-one percent of the basic trainees seen in the ED for asthma symptoms were later formally diagnosed with asthma in the allergy/immunology department. There was no significant correlation between basic trainee ED visits for asthma and the selected air quality indicators. Air quality does not significantly correlate with the occurrence of ED visits for asthma front the BMT population. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Letz, AG (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, 81 MDOS SGOMI,301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 463 EP 467 PG 5 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 000YN UT WOS:000234498500008 PM 16541970 ER PT J AU De Jong, MMJ Burns, SM Campbell, ML Chulay, M Grap, MJ Pierce, LNB Simpson, T AF De Jong, MMJ Burns, SM Campbell, ML Chulay, M Grap, MJ Pierce, LNB Simpson, T TI Development of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' sedation assessment scale for critically ill patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Review ID REQUIRING MECHANICAL VENTILATION; SLEEP-WAKE IDENTIFICATION; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; INTENSIVE-CARE; BISPECTRAL INDEX; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; WRIST ACTIGRAPHY; AGITATION SCALE; CARDIAC-SURGERY AB Clinicians commonly sedate critically ill patients. Sedatives should be administered to achieve predetermined end points. Most currently available scales used to assess sedation are inadequate because they focus on a single domain, such as consciousness. The development of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' Sedation Assessment Scale is described. This new scale consists of 5 domains: consciousness, agitation, anxiety, sleep, and patient ventilator synchrony. A major advantage of the scale is that its domains parallel common goals of sedation therapy for critically ill patients. The proposed measurements for each domain are based on a comprehensive evaluation of the science and expert recommendations. Before the scale is widely used, clinical testing is required to determine its validity and reliabiliiy in a variety of critically ill patients and care situations. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, McLeod Hall Sch Nursing, Charlottesville, VA USA. Detroit Receiving Hosp & Univ Hlth Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Nursing, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Kansas Hosp, Dept Nursing, Kansas City, KS USA. Univ Washington, Biobehav Nursing & Hlth Syst Dept, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP De Jong, MMJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. OI Campbell, Margaret/0000-0003-4517-690X NR 128 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES PI ALISO VIEJO PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA SN 1062-3264 J9 AM J CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 531 EP 544 PG 14 WC Critical Care Medicine; Nursing SC General & Internal Medicine; Nursing GA 977OW UT WOS:000232814100021 PM 16249590 ER PT J AU Smith, B Forkner, E Zaslow, B Krasuski, RA Stajduhar, K Kwan, M Ellis, R Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL AF Smith, B Forkner, E Zaslow, B Krasuski, RA Stajduhar, K Kwan, M Ellis, R Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL TI Disease management produces limited quality-of-life improvements in patients with congestive heart failure: Evidence from a randomized trial in community-dwelling patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID GENDER-DIFFERENCES; OUTCOMES; HEALTH; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION; SYSTEM; RESPONSIVENESS; INDIVIDUALS; GUIDELINES; SURVIVAL AB Background: Disease management programs are reported to improve clinical and quality-of-life outcomes while simultaneously lowering healthcare costs. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of disease management in improving health-related quality of life (HRQL) among patients with heart failure beyond 12 months. Methods: A total of 1069 community-dwelling patients 18 years and older in South Texas with echocardiographic evidence of congestive heart failure were randomly assigned to disease management, augmented disease management, and control groups. They were followed up 18 months. Patients in the control group received usual care. Patients in the intervention groups were assigned a registered nurse as a disease manager who performed telephonic patient education and medication management. Health-related quality-of-life data (based on the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) were collected 4 times, at 6-month intervals. Results: Disease management has a limited effect on HRQL. Analysis of the SF-36 health transition measure showed a positive effect of the intervention on self-reported improvement in health at 6 months and at 12 months (P = .04 and P = .004, respectively). However, no effect of disease management was observed across any of the SF-36 components. Women and patients with diastolic heart failure had poorer HRQL scores. Conclusions: Participation in disease management has little effect on HRQL outcomes in congestive heart failure. Beneficial effects on the SF-36 scale scores seen at 6 and 12 months were not sustained. Therefore, it is unclear whether disease management can provide long-term improvement in HRQL for patients with congestive heart failure. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dis Management Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. TRICARE SW Reg 6, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dis Management Ctr, 4243 Piedras Dr E,Suite 240, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM brad.smith@altarum.org NR 50 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 11 BP 701 EP 713 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 982BR UT WOS:000233132300004 PM 16268753 ER PT J AU Wols, HM AF Wols, HM TI Hard evidence: Case studies in forensic anthropology. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Wols, HM (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. EM Helen.Wols@jpac.pacom.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 128 IS 3 BP 702 EP 703 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20219 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 980LW UT WOS:000233021000021 ER PT J AU Grutter, PW Petersen, SA AF Grutter, PW Petersen, SA TI Anatomical acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction - A biomechanical comparison of reconstructive techniques of the acromioclavicular joint SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; shoulder; acromioclavicular joint; ligaments; reconstruction ID CARPI RADIALIS TENDON; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; BOSWORTH SCREW; DISLOCATIONS; SEPARATION; INSTABILITY; FRACTURE; REPAIRS; COMPLEX AB Background: Current surgical treatments for acromioclavicular separations do not re-create the anatomy of the acromioclavicular joint. Hypothesis: Anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction re-creates the strength of the native acromioclavicular joint and is stronger than a modified Weaver-Dunn repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The native acromioclavicular joint in 6 fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities was stressed to failure under uniaxial tension in the coronal plane. A modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a palmaris longus graft, and anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a flexor carpi radialis graft were then performed sequentially. Each repair was stressed to failure. Load-displacement curves and mechanism of failure were recorded for each. Results: Loads at failure for the native acromioclavicular joint complex, modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a palmaris longus tendon graft, and anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a flexor carpi radialis tendon graft were 815 N, 483 N, 326 N, and 774 N, respectively. The strength of the native acromioclavicular joint complex was significantly different from the modified Weaver-Dunn repair (P < .001) and the anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a palmaris longus tendon graft (P < .001) but not from the anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction using a flexor carpi radialis tendon graft (P = .607). Conclusion: The strength of the described anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction is limited by the tendon graft used. Anatomical acromioclavicular reconstruction with a flexor carpi radialis tendon graft re-creates the tensile strength of the native acromioclavicular joint complex and is superior to a modified Weaver-Dunn repair. C1 USAF, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Grp 1, Langley AFB, VA USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Detroit, MI USA. RP Grutter, PW (reprint author), SGOSO, Med Grp 1, 45 Pine St, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. EM grutter@excite.com NR 32 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1723 EP 1728 DI 10.1177/0363546505275646 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 978DS UT WOS:000232854400014 PM 16093536 ER PT J AU Humberd, CM Murray, CK Stuart, SK Reeb, BA Hospenthal, DR AF Humberd, CM Murray, CK Stuart, SK Reeb, BA Hospenthal, DR TI Short report: Enumerating leptospires using the Coulter counter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The currently accepted gold standard for enumeration of leptospires is tabulation of organisms using a Petroff-Hausser counting chamber and dark-field microscopy, a technically demanding, time-consuming technique. Quantification of leptospires with a Coulter counter produced reliable and reproducible counts, comparable to the counting chamber. This experiment demonstrates that the faster, less technically demanding Coulter counter may be an alternative to determine numbers of leptospires. C1 USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Christina.Humberd@lackland.af.mil; Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 962 EP 963 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 985UR UT WOS:000233404700027 PM 16282312 ER PT J AU Keller, KA Jefferson, G Kerans, RJ AF Keller, KA Jefferson, G Kerans, RJ TI Progress in oxide composites SO ANNALES DE CHIMIE-SCIENCE DES MATERIAUX LA English DT Review ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POROUS-MATRIX; INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NOTCH SENSITIVITY; EUTECTIC FIBERS AB The desire for increased temperatures and durability in myriad power and processing systems has driven research on oxide-oxide composites. As with all ceramic composites, these materials require a crack deflecting mechanism to prevent brittle failure. Both porous matrices and fiber coatings have been shown to perform this function. Composites containing interface coatings are still in the research stage, while porous-matrix materials are production items and are being evaluated in a variety of applications. Although current technology composites offer very attractive properties, significant improvement can be expected in future systems. In this paper, the status of the technology for high-temperature (> 1000 degrees C) oxide-oxide composites is reviewed and prospects for future developments discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Keller, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-9107 J9 ANN CHIM-SCI MAT JI Ann. Chim.-Sci. Mat. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 547 EP 563 DI 10.3166/acsm.30.547-563 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 999YO UT WOS:000234428300002 ER PT J AU Ribarov, LA Hu, ST Wehrmeyer, JA Pitz, RW AF Ribarov, LA Hu, ST Wehrmeyer, JA Pitz, RW TI Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry method optimization: signal intensity and spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE FLAMES; ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; OH; FLOWS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; STATE; WATER; LIFETIMES AB The previously demonstrated nonintrusive time-of-flight molecular velocity tagging method, hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV), has shown the capability of operating both at room temperature and in flames. Well-characterized jets of either air (nonreacting cases) or hydrogen-air diffusion flames (reacting cases) are employed. A 7 X 7 OH line grid is generated first through the single-photon photodissociation of H2O by a similar to 193 run pulsed narrowband ArF excimer laser and is subsequently revealed by a read laser sheet through fluorescence caused by A(2)Sigma(+) (v' = 3) <- X-2 Pi(i) (v" = 0), A(2)Sigma(+) (v' = 1) <- X-2 Pi(i) (v" = 0), or A(2)Sigma(+) (v' = 0) <- X-2 Pi(i) (v" = 0) pumping at similar to 248, similar to 282, or similar to 308 nm, respectively. A detailed discussion of the spectroscopy and relative signal intensity of these various read techniques is presented, and the implications for optimal HTV performance are discussed. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ribarov, LA (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, Combust Operab & Emiss Grp, 411 Silver Lane,MS 129-29, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM ribarola@utrc.utc.com; robert.w.pitz@vanderbilt.edu RI Pitz, Robert/H-7868-2016 OI Pitz, Robert/0000-0001-6435-5618 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 31 BP 6616 EP 6626 DI 10.1364/AO.44.006616 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 979JK UT WOS:000232938000011 PM 16270550 ER PT J AU Linne, MA Paciaroni, M Gord, JR Meyer, TR AF Linne, MA Paciaroni, M Gord, JR Meyer, TR TI Ballistic imaging of the liquid core for a steady jet in crossflow SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIZATION; PRESSURE AB A time-gated ballistic imaging instrument is used to obtain high-spatial-resolution, single-shot images of the liquid core in a water spray issuing into a gaseous crossflow. We describe further development of the diagnostic technique to improve spatial resolution and present images and statistics for various jets under crossflow experimental conditions (different Weber numbers). Series of these images reveal a near-nozzle flow field undergoing breakup and subsequent droplet formation by stripping. One can also detect signatures of spatially periodic behavior in the liquid core and formation of small voids during breakup. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Lund Inst Technol, Dept Combust Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Linne, MA (reprint author), Lund Inst Technol, Dept Combust Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM Mark.Linne@forbrf.lth.se; Megan.Paciaroni@forbrf.lth.se; James.Gord@wpafb.af.mil; Terrence.Meyer@wpafb.af.mil RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011; Paciaroni, Megan/L-9619-2013 OI Paciaroni, Megan/0000-0002-6320-0291 NR 9 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 31 BP 6627 EP 6634 DI 10.1364/AO.44.006627 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 979JK UT WOS:000232938000012 PM 16270551 ER PT J AU Meyer, TR Roy, S Anderson, TN Miller, JD Katta, VR Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Meyer, TR Roy, S Anderson, TN Miller, JD Katta, VR Lucht, RP Gord, JR TI Measurements of OH mole fraction and temperature up to 20 kHz by using a diode-laser-based UV absorption sensor SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; DIFFUSION FLAMES; SPECTROSCOPY; BAND; ULTRAVIOLET; COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN; LAMINAR; CARS; EVOLUTION AB Diode-laser-based sum-frequency generation of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at 313.5 nm was utilized for high-speed absorption measurements of OH mole fraction and temperature at rates up to 20 kHz. Sensor performance was characterized over a wide range of operating conditions in a 25.4 mm path-length, steady, C2H4-air diffusion flame through comparisons with coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), and a two-dimensional numerical simulation with detailed chemical kinetics. Experimental uncertainties of 5% and 11% were achieved for measured temperatures and OH mole fractions, respectively, with standard deviations of <3% at 20 kHz and an OH detection limit of <1 part per million in a 1 m path length. After validation in a steady flame, high-speed diode-laser-based measurements of OH mole fraction and temperature were demonstrated for the first time in the unsteady exhaust of a liquid-fueled, swirl-stabilized combustor. Typical agreement of similar to 5% was achieved with CARS temperature measurements at various fuel/air ratios, and sensor precision was sufficient to capture oscillations of temperature and OH mole fraction for potential use with multiparameter control strategies in combustors of practical interest. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Innovat Sci Solut, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM trmeyer@innssi.com; tanderson@purdue.edu RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 31 BP 6729 EP 6740 DI 10.1364/AO.44.006729 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 979JK UT WOS:000232938000023 PM 16270562 ER PT J AU Mazuchowski, EL Meier, PA AF Mazuchowski, EL Meier, PA TI The modern autopsy: What to do if infection is suspected SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE autopsy; infectious diseases; microbiological cultures ID HANTAVIRUS-PULMONARY-SYNDROME; FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE; NILE-VIRUS-INFECTION; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH; REAL-TIME PCR; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SENSITIVE DETECTION; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS AB Deaths due to infectious diseases are common worldwide. The autopsy, although less frequently performed than previously, is important to our understanding of disease pathogenesis. The autopsy also provides critical information regarding potential disease outbreaks. To optimize the benefits of an autopsy, the pathologist should approach the autopsy with a well-constructed differential diagnosis that provides the framework for appropriate selection of diagnostic specimens and tests. Standard microbiologic cultures, although necessary and important, are often insufficient and must be supplemented by newer molecular methodologies. (c) 2005 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Microbiol & Hematol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Meier, PA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM pmeier@pol.net NR 72 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0188-4409 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.04.006 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 981MX UT WOS:000233093800014 PM 16216653 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Lisse, CM Price, SD Mizuno, D Walker, RG Farnham, TL Makinen, T AF Kraemer, KE Lisse, CM Price, SD Mizuno, D Walker, RG Farnham, TL Makinen, T TI Midcourse Space Experiment observations of small solar system bodies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets : individual (Hyakutake (C/1996 B2), Tabur (C/1996 Q1), 126P/IRAS, 22P/Kopff, 46P/Wirtanen, 3200 Phaethon, 107P/Wilson-Harrington, 125P/Spacewatch, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle); infrared : solar system; minor planets, asteroids ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; HYAKUTAKE C/1996 B2; ARAKI-ALCOCK 1983D; COMET-HALE-BOPP; DUST TRAIL; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; THERMAL-MODEL; 3200 PHAETHON; TIME SCALES; INNER COMA AB Eight comets, two transition objects ( extinct comet candidates), and two near-Earth asteroids were imaged in four infrared bands with the SPIRIT III instrument on the Midcourse Space Experiment, namely, C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake), C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/1996 Q1 (Tabur), 126P/IRAS, 22P/Kopff, 46P/Wirtanen, ( 3200) Phaethon, ( 4015) 107P/Wilson-Harrington, ( 4179) Toutatis, ( 4197) 1982 TA, 125P/Spacewatch, and 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. We present maps of each object detected and a description of their characteristics. Five of the comets had extended dust tails, all of which show evidence for silicate emission in the 8.3 mu m band. The comet C/Hyakutake had a strong secondary dust tail along the direction of the comet's motion, which the dynamical models showed was consistent with emission from large particles. The dust trail from P/Kopff was detected more than 2 degrees from the coma in three of the four bands and is probably composed of large particles emitted during the 1996 apparition. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBYB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Planetary Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Monterey Inst Res Agron, Marina, CA 93933 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP USAF, Res Lab, VSBYB, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; carey.lisse@jhuapl.edu; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; don.mizuno@hanscom.af.mil; rw@mira.org; farnham@astro.umd.edu; teemu.makinen@fmi.fi RI Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 81 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 2363 EP 2382 DI 10.1086/444536 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 979XI UT WOS:000232977900035 ER PT J AU Bruntt, H Kjeldsen, H Buzasi, DL Bedding, TR AF Bruntt, H Kjeldsen, H Buzasi, DL Bedding, TR TI Evidence for granulation and oscillations in Procyon from photometry with the WIRE satellite SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (Procyon); stars : oscillations ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; P-MODE OSCILLATIONS; ALPHA CEN; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; SPACE AB We report evidence for the granulation signal in the star Procyon A, based on two photometric time series from the star tracker on the WIRE satellite. The power spectra show evidence of excess power around 1 mHz, consistent with the detection of p-modes reported from radial velocity measurements. We see a significant increase in the noise level below 3 mHz, which we interpret as the granulation signal. We have made a large set of numerical simulations to constrain the amplitude and timescale of the granulation signal and the amplitude of the oscillations. We find that the timescale for granulation is Gamma(gran) 750 +/- 200 s, the granulation amplitude is 1: 8 +/- 0: 3 times solar, and the amplitude of the p-modes is 8: 5 +/- 2 ppm. We found the distribution of peak heights in the observed power spectra to be consistent with that expected from p-mode oscillations. However, the quality of the data is not sufficient to measure the large separation or to detect a comblike structure, as seen in the p-modes of the Sun. Comparison with the recent negative result from the MOST satellite reveals that the MOST data must have an additional noise source that prevented the detection of oscillations. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Bruntt, H (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM bruntt@phys.au.dk; hans@phys.au.dk; derek.buzasi@usafa.af.mil; t.bedding@physics.usyd.edu.au OI Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 1 BP 440 EP 446 DI 10.1086/462401 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977VV UT WOS:000232832500044 ER PT J AU Cook, JW Newmark, JS Altrock, RC AF Cook, JW Newmark, JS Altrock, RC TI Comparison of the sacramento peak Fe xiv index with a model index computed from differential emission measure maps SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; CORONAGRAPH OBSERVATIONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; SOLAR CORONA; IRRADIANCE; SOHO; ANGSTROM; MINIMUM; CHIANTI; SEARCH AB We compare the Sacramento Peak Fe xiv 5303 angstrom green line index with a model index time series for the period of operations of the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), covering the years 1996 - 2002, from cycle minimum past the peak of the current activity cycle 23. We compute a differential emission measure (DEM) map for each day using images from the four channels of EIT at 171, 195, 284, and 304 angstrom. From the daily DEM map we then calculate a daily synthetic Fe xiv 5303 angstrom intensity image. The Sacramento Peak index is an average intensity, measured using a circular aperture 1.'2 in diameter, sampling the off-limb corona in 3 degrees steps around disk center. It is taken at several different heights beyond the daily white light limb. We modeled the daily index values, for the aperture center at 1.15 and 1.25 R-circle dot from disk center, as the weighted average intensity within an annulus covering 1.11 - 1.19 and 1.21 - 1.29 R-circle dot superposed on the daily synthetic intensity image. We compare the observed index with our model results and find a high correlation of the short-term values but a long-term systematic difference in the absolute values. We examine the accuracy of the respective calibrations and argue that the model results, based on the calibration of the EIT images used to produce the daily DEM maps, are more plausible in absolute value. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.cook@nrl.navy.mil; newmark@nrl.navy.mil; altrock@nso.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 1 BP 518 EP 527 DI 10.1086/444556 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977VV UT WOS:000232832500052 ER PT J AU Bryce, LM Butler, WAP Pilmanis, AA King, H AF Bryce, LM Butler, WAP Pilmanis, AA King, H TI Headache and altitude decompression sickness: Joint pain or neurological pain? SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; altitude; DCS; headache; joint pain; neurological; cranial sutures ID CRANIAL SUTURES AB introduction: Exposure to reduced ambient pressure may result in decompression sickness (DCS). Headache is among the DCS symptoms encountered and is usually regarded as neurological DCS, which is traditionally classified as serious DCS. Since cranial sutures may be considered joints, it is possible that some headaches are actually joint pain and when associated with decompression sickness need not be neurological DCS. Methods: Records were individually recovered from the Davis Hyperbaric Laboratory at Brooks City-Base, TX. Information was extracted using a detailed survey instrument. Possible joint pain headache cases were identified using three criteria: headache localized at a suture, normal neurologic exam, and resolution within 30 min of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Results. A total of 729 records documenting treatment for DCS were scrutinized. Of these, 70 cases of altitude DCS with headache were examined. Analysis, using the three criteria, showed 23% (16 cases) of altitude headache DCS symptoms could potentially be re-classified as joint pain. Conclusion: Generally, headache DCS is considered neurological DCS. However, since cranial sutures are joints, both histologically and functionally, and since DCS most commonly affects joints, headache DCS may, at times, be joint pain DCS. Indeed, retrospective data analysis suggests that this possibility exists. Such a reclassification from neurological to joint pain DCS would lessen the aeromedical impact of a DCS headache. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Aerosp Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Western Univ Hlth Sci, Pomona, CA USA. RP Bryce, LM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEDR, Bldg 1162,8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM michelle.bryce@brooks.af.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1074 EP 1078 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 984EK UT WOS:000233285100012 PM 16313145 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Phillips, DM Stone, MO Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Drummy, LF Phillips, DM Stone, MO Farmer, BL Naik, RR TI Thermally induced alpha-helix to beta-sheet transition in regenerated silk fibers and films SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HAGFISH SLIME THREADS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BOMBYX-MORI; SPIDER SILK; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FIBROIN FILMS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONFORMATION; MODEL AB The structure of thin films cast from regenerated solutions of Bombyx mori cocoon silk in hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HFIP) was studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction during heating. A solid-state conformational transition from an alpha-helical structure to the well-known beta-sheet silk 11 structure occurred at a temperature of approximately 140 degrees C. The transition appeared to be homogeneous, as both phases do not coexist within the resolution of the current study. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the films showed an endothermic melting peak followed by an exothermic crystallization peak, both occurring near 140 degrees C. Oriented fibers were also produced that displayed this helical molecular conformation. Subsequent heating above the structural transition temperature produced oriented beta-sheet fibers very similar in structure to B. mori cocoon fibers. Heat treatment of silk films at temperatures well below their degradation temperature offers a controllable route to materials with well-defined structures and mechanical behavior. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 44 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 3328 EP 3333 DI 10.1021/bm0503524 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 985QD UT WOS:000233392100059 PM 16283762 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Rose, TA Tavassoli, FA AF Fadare, O Rose, TA Tavassoli, FA TI Papillary intraductal carcinoma with extensive secretory endometrium-like subnuclear vacuolization SO BREAST JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Mid S Pathol Natchez Reg Med Ctr, Natchez, MS USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78326 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-122X J9 BREAST J JI Breast J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 470 EP 471 DI 10.1111/j.1075-122X.2005.00151.x PG 2 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 014OQ UT WOS:000235489900018 PM 16297096 ER PT J AU Keeney, JA Clohisy, JC Curry, M Maloney, WJ AF Keeney, JA Clohisy, JC Curry, M Maloney, WJ TI Revision total knee arthroplasty for restricted motion SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Knee-Society CY 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Knee Soc ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; INSERT EXCHANGE; ARTHROFIBROSIS; STIFFNESS; RECONSTRUCTION; ANTERIOR; OUTCOMES AB Persistent stiffness is an infrequent but notable complication occurring after total knee arthroplasty. A limited approach (soft tissue releases and component retention with tibial insert downsizing) has previously been associated with poor results, although comprehensive revision of both components seems more successful. We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients (25 knees) who had revision total knee arthroplasty for painful limitation of motion. At a mean of 36.7 months after surgery we assessed pain, motion arc, and Knee Society clinical and functional scores. The effectiveness of a limited approach for selected patients (n = 12) was compared with more comprehensive revision of both components (n = 11). Patients with the limited approach had improvements in mean knee motion are (25.7 degrees), mean clinical score (37.8 points), and mean functional score (20.8 points). Patients with component revision had a mean improvement in knee motion arc (17.9 degrees) but little change in the clinical score (3.6 points) or functional score (-1.0 points). The severity of preoperative flexion contractures and limited motion in patients having component revision likely contributed to the limited improvement. The data suggest a limited soft tissue approach may be appropriate for a select group of patients. The success of component revision for patients with severely restricted motion and more extensive flexion contracture was less predictable than authors of previous reports suggest. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Stanford Univ, Hosp & Clin, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Barnes Jewish Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO USA. RP Clohisy, JC (reprint author), 1 Barnes Jewish Hosp Plaza,Suite 11300 W Pavil, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM jclohisy@msnotes.wustl.edu NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 IS 440 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1079/01.blo.0000185312.43955.c8 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 983KS UT WOS:000233231000025 ER PT J AU Striebich, RC Motsinger, MA Rauch, ME Zabarnick, S Dewitt, M AF Striebich, RC Motsinger, MA Rauch, ME Zabarnick, S Dewitt, M TI Estimation of select specification tests for aviation turbine fuels using fast gas chromatography (GC) SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUELS; SPECTROSCOPY; STRATEGIES AB The quality of aviation turbine fuels is measured largely by specification tests, which are routinely conducted for every large fuel supply purchased by the United States Air Force. Because military operations insist on more mobility than ever before, fuels are often purchased locally where the military is located. To test the fuels being purchased from unfamiliar sources, the military is examining mobile laboratories. With modern instrumentation such as gas chromatography (GC) with microbore columns and multiple detectors, compositional data can be easily and quickly obtained and related directly to specification test properties. By investigating composition-property relationships, a single GC experiment can be used to estimate several properties. In this work, the development and validation of specification test prediction using compositional data obtained via fast (<5 min) GC is presented. Simple correlations and relationships between properties and composition are suggested as possible ways to predict specification results without the expense and time required for testing. In this initial work, the properties investigated were simulated distillation, flash point, freeze point, and sulfur content. Results indicated that these tests could be reasonably predicted in minutes using correlations to fast GC data. Instrumentation developed for predicting specification tests was delivered to a field location and used to predict the specification results of locally purchased and captured fuels in wartime. These same fuels were also analyzed in regional laboratories, for validation of results. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Striebich, RC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2445 EP 2454 DI 10.1021/ef050136o PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 985ZW UT WOS:000233419100031 ER PT J AU Leiber, JD AF Leiber, JD TI Allopathic family medicine residents can learn osteopathic manipulation techniques in a 1-month elective SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Background: Graduating family medicine residents report a relative lack of confidence in managing musculoskeletal problems, and many primary care physicians desire more instruction in manual medicine. Methods: We conducted a 1-month osteopathic manipulative treatment elective with five allopathic family medicine residents, utilizing multiple teaching and assessment strategies. Results: Residents averaged 30 patient encounters each. Faculty graded their attainment of the knowledge and skills objectives at 3.9 and 3.8 on a 5-point scale, respectively. Residents reported unanimously that the course had reasonable expectations and fostered independent decision making and that they achieved the educational goals. Conclusions: After a 1-month elective, allopathic residents demonstrated competency in a defined set of osteopathic principles and skills. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr Family Med Residency, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Leiber, JD (reprint author), 1075 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM James.Leiber@andrews.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 10 BP 693 EP 695 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 983XV UT WOS:000233266600008 PM 16273444 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R AF Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R TI A Si MMIC compatible ferroelectric varactor shunt switch for microwave applications SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE capacitive shunt switch; coplanar waveguide (CPW) components; ferroelectric varactor; varactor shunt switch ID COPLANAR WAVE-GUIDES AB This letter describes a ferroelectric thin-film based varactor shunt switch, for microwave and millimeterwave switching applications. Our implementation is based on a coplanar waveguide transmission line shunted by a ferroelectric varactor. The concept of switching ON and OFF is based on the dielectric tunability of the ferroelectric barium strontium titanium oxide (BST) thin-films. From experimental verification, the isolation of a switch with a varactor area of 75 mu m(2) was approximately 20 dB at 35 GHz and the insertion loss was below 4.5 dB up to 35 GHz. This letter addresses the design and experimental verification of the first ferroelectric varactor shunt switch with an Si monolithic microwave integrated circuit compatible process. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM guru.subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu NR 6 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 11 BP 739 EP 741 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2005.858992 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 983CH UT WOS:000233208200007 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Johnson, CR AF Martin, RK Johnson, CR TI Adaptive equalization: Transitioning from single-carrier to multicarrier systems SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; LIKELIHOOD SEQUENCE ESTIMATION; DMT-BASED SYSTEMS; BROAD-BAND; BLIND; TIME; OFDM; TRANSMISSIONS; INTERFERENCE; EQUALIZERS C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 58 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 108 EP 122 DI 10.1109/MSP.2005.1550193 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 986IL UT WOS:000233443200010 ER PT J AU Patnaik, A Anagnostou, D Christodoulou, CG Lyke, JC AF Patnaik, A Anagnostou, D Christodoulou, CG Lyke, JC TI Neurocomputational analysis of a multiband reconfigurable planar antenna SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE multilayer perceptron (MLP); neural networks; reconfigurable antenna; self-organizing map (SOM) ID SIERPINSKI GASKET; FRACTAL ANTENNAS; PATCH ANTENNAS; MODEL AB Procedures using neural networks are developed for characterizing multiband reconfigurable antennas. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) is used to locate the operational frequency bands of the antenna at different reconfigured conditions. Another self-organizing map (SOM) neural network accomplishes the task of locating the switches to be turned ON for a desired frequency response. The developed formulation is tested on a laboratory prototype antenna. C1 Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Berhampur 761008, Orissa, India. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Patnaik, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Berhampur 761008, Orissa, India. EM apatnaik@ieee.org; danagn@ece.unm.edu; christos@ece.unm.edu RI Anagnostou, Dimitris/A-3124-2009 OI Anagnostou, Dimitris/0000-0003-4266-0309 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3453 EP 3458 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.858617 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 985BC UT WOS:000233350100005 ER PT J AU York, RG Lewis, E Brown, WR Girard, MF Mattie, DR Funk, KA Strawson, JS AF York, RG Lewis, E Brown, WR Girard, MF Mattie, DR Funk, KA Strawson, JS TI Refining the effects observed in a developmental neurobehavioral study of ammonium perchlorate administered orally in drinking water to rats. I. Thyroid and reproductive effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; rat; reproduction; thyroid histopathology; thyroid hormones ID IODINE DEFICIENCY; PREGNANCY; TOXICITY; BRAIN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; GLAND AB A recent study further investigated the potential effects of maternal thyroid function and morphology on fetal development upon maternal exposure to ammonium perchlorate during gestation and lactation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (25/group) were given continual access to 0 (carrier), 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 30.0 mg/kg-day perchlorate in drinking water beginning 2 weeks prior to cohabitation through lactation day 10. Maternal, fetal, and pup serum thyroid hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], triiodo thyronine [T-3], thyroxine [T-4]) levels and thyroid histopathology were evaluated on gestation day 21, and lactation days 5, 10, and 22. No effects of exposure were observed on cesarean-sectioning, litter parameters, or fetal alterations. Reproductive parameters, including gestation length, number of implants, litter size, pup viability, and lactation indices, were comparable among all groups. Thyroid weights of dams sacrificed on gestation day 21, and lactation days 10 and 22 were significantly increased at 30.0 mg/kg-day. Increased thyroid weights were observed in male and female pups as early as postpartum days 5 and 10, respectively. Changes in maternal and neonatal thyroid histopathology were detectable at 1.0 mg/kg-day exposure. The maternal no-observable-effect level (NOEL) was 0.1 mg/kg-day (follicular cell hyperplasia was present at 1.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-day). The developmental NOEL was less than 0.01 mg/kg-day; thyroid weights of postpartum day 10 pups were increased at all exposures. Colloid depletion at 1.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-day exposures and changes of hormone levels at all exposures were considered an adaptive effect and appeared reversible in the rodent. C1 Preclin Serv, Charles River Labs, Horsham, PA 19046 USA. Res Pathol Serv Inc, New Britain, PA USA. Perchlorate Study Grp, Sacramento, CA USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Expt Pathol Labs, Sterling, VA USA. Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP York, RG (reprint author), Preclin Serv, Charles River Labs, 905 Sheehy Dr,Bldg A, Horsham, PA 19046 USA. EM raymond.york@us.crl.com NR 39 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.1080/10915810500366765 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 998ZH UT WOS:000234357900003 PM 16393933 ER PT J AU Johnson, MR Principe, JC AF Johnson, MR Principe, JC TI Modeling and detection of limit-cycle oscillations using adaptable linear models SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FIGHTER AB A method for modeling the flutter response of a thin winged aircraft is presented. A hybrid physical-adaptive modeling framework is proposed to separate the autoregressive and moving average flutter components. Adaptive oscillators set at the structural free-vibration modal frequencies of the wing represent the structure (the autoregressive component). The moving average filters represent signal changes caused by aerodynamic forces encountered during flight. Connected in series, these modules form a hybrid model for wing flutter under changing flight conditions. The moving average component is trained to predict the signal produced by an accelerometer at the wing tip. The residual is segmented using an analysis of variance. The resulting family of linear moving average models provides a synthesis of the wing's response over time. Our analysis shows that this modeling paradigm performs well with data taken at increasing Mach numbers in level flight. Network parameters are shown to correlate linearly with Mach. Network components can themselves be predicted as functions of Mach number, allowing the accelerometer signals to be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. The paradigm is further validated by using an adapted model with a separate set of data from a different but similar flight condition. C1 USAF, Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL USA. Univ Florida, Computat Neuroengn Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Johnson, MR (reprint author), USAF, Seek Eagle Off, 46 SK-SKA,205 WD Ave,Suite 348, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1576 EP 1588 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 991WV UT WOS:000233846200024 ER PT J AU Dawson, KS Maxwell, DL AF Dawson, KS Maxwell, DL TI Limit-cycle oscillation flight-test results for asymmetric store configurations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Norfolk, VA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID AIRCRAFT; FIGHTER AB A conventional approach for flutter certification of asymmetric external store configurations on fighter aircraft is to analyze each side of the aircraft using half-span models. The flutter speed for the asymmetric configuration is then assumed to be no less than the flutter speed of either half-span solution. Recent certification efforts on the F-16 have involved asymmetrically carried stores that were previously certified for symmetric carriage. For the present work, asymmetric F-16 external store configurations were studied to investigate their aeroelastic behavior and relationship to similar symmetrically loaded external store configurations. Linear flutter analyses utilizing full-span finite element and aerodynamic models were used to predict the flutter boundaries of the asymmetric external store configurations. It was found that solutions using full-span models predicted lower flutter speeds in some cases for an asymmetric configuration than the comparable flutter speeds using the half-span model. The mode shapes of the asymmetric configuration indicate coupling mechanisms on at least one wing are similar to the symmetric configurations; however, they are unique in that the frequencies of these modes have shifted. Flutter flight tests on the F-16 were performed to validate the analytical results. The test results from the asymmetrically loaded configurations were compared to the test results for similar symmetrically loaded configurations. The oscillatory response behavior of the asymmetric configurations is shown to be primarily antisymmetric. Also, the flight-test results show limit-cycle oscillation behavior that correlates to the full-span linear flutter analysis. Specifically, it is shown that two flutter sensitive half-span configurations can be combined into one asymmetric configuration that exhibits no aeroelastic instabilities in flight. Conversely, it is shown that two aeroelastically stable, half-span configurations can be combined asymmetrically, which results in a configuration with lower, aeroelastically critical flutter speeds. These cases demonstrate the need for flutter analyses of the full aircraft structure for certification of asymmetric external store configurations. C1 TYBRIN Corp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Dawson, KS (reprint author), USAF, Seek Eagle Off, 205 W D Ave,Suite 348, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1596 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 991WV UT WOS:000233846200025 ER PT J AU Meier, EA AF Meier, EA TI Carbapenem cross-reactivity with penicillin SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Meier, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Dept, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 116 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.036 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 017IG UT WOS:000235686700041 PM 16275400 ER PT J AU Allakhverdiev, KR Baykara, T Gulubayov, AK Kaya, AA Goldstein, J Fernelius, N Hanna, S Salaeva, Z AF Allakhverdiev, KR Baykara, T Gulubayov, AK Kaya, AA Goldstein, J Fernelius, N Hanna, S Salaeva, Z TI Corrected infrared Sellmeier coefficients for gallium selenide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DOWN-CONVERSION; MU-M; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; GASE; CRYSTALS; RANGE; LASER; GENERATION; DISPERSION AB We have measured the room-temperature refractive indices of GaSe throughout the 0.7-1.4 and 2.4-5 mu m ranges using the minimum-deviation method of light through a prism with polarization either parallel (extraordinary refractive index n(e)) or perpendicular to the crystal optical c axis (ordinary refractive index n(o)). The birefringence (Delta n) at room temperature has been measured directly using polarized light interference fringes obtained in the transmittance from 1.73 to 4.97 mu m (three samples with thicknesses of 1108 +/- 1, 2480 +/- 1, and 2660 +/- 1 mu m) and in the range from 11.85-16.37 mu m (sample thickness of 6000 +/- 1 mu m). The n(o), n(e), and Delta n values determined from the positions of fringe maxima were compared to those obtained from prism measurements in the mid-IR and with previously published results which were mainly obtained by indirect methods. It was found that the prism method and interference fringe method resulted in values of n(o), n(e), and Delta n accurate to +/- 0.003 and +/- 0.006, respectively. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Turkish Sci & Tech Res Council TUBITAK, Marmara Res Ctr, Mat Inst, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey. Azerbaijan Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Baku 370143, Azerbaijan. Mugla Univ, Dept Phys, TR-48000 Mugla, Turkey. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Allakhverdiev, KR (reprint author), Turkish Sci & Tech Res Council TUBITAK, Marmara Res Ctr, Mat Inst, PK 21, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey. EM kerim.allahverdi@mam.gov.tr NR 29 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093515 DI 10.1063/1.2128694 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700026 ER PT J AU Chandola, A Kim, HJ Dutta, PS Guha, S Gonzalez, L Kumar, V AF Chandola, A Kim, HJ Dutta, PS Guha, S Gonzalez, L Kumar, V TI Below band-gap optical absorption in GaxIn1-xSb alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED ABSORPTION; INDIUM-ANTIMONIDE; GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE; GERMANIUM; GASB; SEMICONDUCTORS; TECHNOLOGY; SILICON; GROWTH; INSB AB The below band-gap optical-absorption characteristics of GaxIn1-xSb alloy system have been reported. The different dependencies of the hole and electron absorption mechanisms on wavelength result in significant changes of the absorption characteristics with alloy composition. In the undoped Ga-rich alloy compositions that are p type in nature (due to residual holes resulting from native defects), the inter-valence-band absorption has been found to be the dominant absorption mechanism. With decreasing Ga (increasing indium) mole fraction, the hole to electron ratio decreases for undoped samples. For such samples, absorption due to electrons becomes significant. With n-type extrinsic doping, intervalley transitions are seen for certain Ga-rich compositions, which also alter the absorption characteristics. The dependencies of various absorption mechanisms as a function of wavelength have been analyzed and discussed in this paper. Based on the theoretical analysis presented in this paper, one can calculate the extrinsic doping level necessary for each alloy composition in order to obtain high optical transparency necessary for infrared optical applications. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Elect Comp & Syst Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 1100012, India. RP Chandola, A (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Elect Comp & Syst Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM duttap@rpi.edu RI Kumar, Vikram/E-6476-2011 OI Kumar, Vikram/0000-0001-9038-8456 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093103 DI 10.1063/1.2128042 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700003 ER PT J AU Roy, UN Cui, Y Miles, R Burger, A Goldstein, JT Bell, ZW Carpenter, DA AF Roy, UN Cui, Y Miles, R Burger, A Goldstein, JT Bell, ZW Carpenter, DA TI Micro-Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies of horizontal Bridgman-grown AgGaSe2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-VIBRATIONS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SOLAR-CELLS; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; EFFICIENCY; DYNAMICS; DEFECTS; FILMS AB AgGaSe2 crystals grown by the horizontal Bridgman technique were studied by room-temperature micro-Raman scattering and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The most intense Raman line observed had the frequency of 177 cm(-1), corresponding to the Gamma(1)(W-1) mode. The measurements were performed along the direction of growth of the boule and the line frequency was found to be almost constant within the experimental accuracy. The average full width at half maximum of the Gamma(1)(W-1) mode was found to be 4.6 cm(-1) and its insignificant variation along the ingot suggests its structural and compositional uniformities. At low temperature (8 K), the main PL peak at 1.772 eV is due to donor-acceptor-pair recombination. A doublet in the excitonic peak, observed at that temperature, suggests a reduced inhomogeneous broadening and the better crystallinity of the sample, when compared with the previous literature. The dispersion of the various PL peaks along the length of the ingot was also found negligible, which indicates the compositional homogeneity and the uniform distribution of the intrinsic defects. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Security Complex Y12, BWXT Y12, LLC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Roy, UN (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM aburger@fisk.edu OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093523 DI 10.1063/1.2127128 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700034 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD Dao, PD AF Sharma, RD Dao, PD TI A potential experiment for in-situ measurement of atmospheric temperature and atomic oxygen density in the 90-150 km altitude range by a Raman lidar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE middle atmosphere; atomic oxygen density; temperature; Raman scattering; in-situ measurement ID TRANSLATIONAL TEMPERATURE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; STATE AB The Raman backscatter cross sections for a 355 nm light source for the three fine-structure components are calculated. The signal-to-noise considerations show that the determination of the densities of the three fine-structure components separately is a feasible experiment. Since these fine-structure components are calculated to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium up to at least 350 kin altitude, this experiment also gives atmospheric temperature. It is pointed out that this experiment does not suffer from the drawbacks of the previous efforts to determine atomic oxygen density and should yield reliable results for this density as well as temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBY, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBY, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 67 IS 16 BP 1519 EP 1523 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.016 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992IY UT WOS:000233878800005 ER PT J AU Davignon, L Walter, EA Mueller, KM Barrozo, CP Stenger, DA Lin, BC AF Davignon, L Walter, EA Mueller, KM Barrozo, CP Stenger, DA Lin, BC CA Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance Con TI Use of resequencing oligonucleotide microarrays for identification of streptococcus pyogenes and associated antibiotic resistance determinants SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; PCR; DNA; MACROLIDE; ARRAYS; GENE; HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTIONS AB Group A streptococci (GAS) are responsible for a wide variety of human infections associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Ever since the first systematic effort by Lancefield to group Streptococcus species by M protein variants, the detection and characterization of Streptococcus by different methods have been an evolving process. The ideal assay for GAS identification not only would provide quick and accurate diagnostic results but also would reveal antibiotic resistance patterns and genotype information, aiding not only in treatment but in epidemiologic assessment as well. The oligonucleotide microarray is a promising new technology which could potentially address this need. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of oligonucleotide resequencing microarrays for identifying GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers. We demonstrated an assay platform that combines the use of resequencing DNA microarrays with either random nucleic acid amplification or multiplex PCR for GAS detection. When detecting Streptococcus pyogenes from coded clinical samples, this approach demonstrated an excellent concordance with a more established culture method. To this end, we showed the potential of resequencing microarrays for efficient and accurate detection of GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers with the benefit of sequencing information from microarray analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Malcom Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Texas A&M Univ, San Antonio, TX 78223 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5690 EP 5695 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5690-5695.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200044 PM 16272506 ER PT J AU Teynor, WA Vaccaro, K Buchwald, WR Dauplaise, HM Morath, CP Davis, A Roland, MA Clark, WR AF Teynor, WA Vaccaro, K Buchwald, WR Dauplaise, HM Morath, CP Davis, A Roland, MA Clark, WR TI Cadmium sulfide passivation of InGaAs/InP mesa p-i-n photodiodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE passivation; cadmium sulfide (CdS); InGaAs/InP; p-i-n; mesa; photodetector ID SILICON-NITRIDE; INP; LAYERS; DEVICES AB A cadmium sulfide (CdS) passivation process was demonstrated for the first time on InGaAs/InP p-i-n mesa photodetectors. The passivated devices produced lower reverse bias leakage currents in comparison to devices that received only a thermally deposited SiO2 film. The subsequent deposition of SiO2 on the passivated devices produced virtually no change to the aforementioned leakage currents even after undergoing a 3-h, 300 degrees C thermal treatment. In contrast, similar SiO2 capped devices, fabricated without the CdS passivating layer, show a large increase in leakage current when subjected to the same thermal cycle. Leakage current versus mesa diameter measurements suggest these results are due to reduced surface recombination at the exposed mesa sidewall. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate the S:Cd ratio of these films to be 0.77. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03060 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Teynor, WA (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03060 USA. EM william.teynor@hanscom.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1368 EP 1372 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0192-4 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 982TD UT WOS:000233183600003 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Chandola, A Guha, S Gonzalez, L Kumar, V Dutta, PS AF Kim, HJ Chandola, A Guha, S Gonzalez, L Kumar, V Dutta, PS TI Influence of native defects on the infrared transmission of undoped Ga1-xInxSb bulk crystals SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE native defects; undoped Ga1-xInxSb; infrared transmission; compensation; interband transition; free carrier absorption ID V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; INDIUM-ANTIMONIDE; GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; BAND STRUCTURE; ALLOYS; GERMANIUM; DIFFUSION; SILICON AB The below bandgap infrared transmission (up to 25 pm) in undoped Gal(1-x)In(x)Sb bulk crystals has been studied for the first time and found to be limited by native defects such as antisites and vacancies found in antimonide-based III-V compounds. For the gallium-rich alloy compositions (x < 0.5 in Gal(1-x)In(x)Sb), the crystals exhibit p-type conductivity with an increase in net acceptor concentration and an increase in gallium content in the crystals. For x > 0.5 (the indium-rich alloy compositions), the crystals exhibit n-type conductivity when the net donor concentration and indium content in the crystals increase. A correlation between the optical transmission and the residual carrier concentration arising from the native acceptors and donors has been observed. Due to donor-acceptor compensation, crystals with alloy compositions in the range of x = 0.5-0.7 exhibit high optical transmission for a wide wavelength range (up to 22 mu m). The light hole to heavy hole interband transition in the valence band and the free electron absorption in the conduction band have been found to be the two dominant absorption processes. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM duttap@rpi.edu RI Kumar, Vikram/E-6476-2011 OI Kumar, Vikram/0000-0001-9038-8456 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1391 EP 1398 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0196-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 982TD UT WOS:000233183600007 ER PT J AU Zeng, D Latham, WP Kar, A AF Zeng, D Latham, WP Kar, A TI Temperature distributions due to annular laser beam heating SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser drilling; optical trepanning; annular laser beam; temperature distribution ID 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; CO2-LASER BEAM; DAMAGE; VAPORIZATION AB Optical trepanning is a new laser drilling method using an annular beam. Since laser heating of the substrate occurs first due to heat conduction, this article investigates the temperature distribution in the workpiece due to pulsed annular laser beams by solving an axisymmetric transient heat conduction equation. The annular beams allow numerous irradiance profiles to supply laser energy to the workpiece and thus provide more flexibility in affecting the hole quality than a traditional circular laser beam. Such profiles include half Gaussian with maximum intensities at the inner and outer radii of the annulus, respectively, and full Gaussian with maximum intensity within the annulus. In addition to this spatial beam shaping, the temporal profile of the laser pulse can be IN shaped to improve the hole quality. The Hankel and Laplace transforms have been used to obtain an analytic solution for the temperature distribution in a semi-infinite workpiece. The effects of the temperature distribution on laser drilling are analyzed to understand the influence of different laser parameters on the drilling process. (c) 2005 Laser Institute of America. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, LAMMMP Lab, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeng, D (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, LAMMMP Lab, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM akar@creol.ucf.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.2351/1.2080467 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 990RM UT WOS:000233760900009 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Leonard, KJ Zhai, HY Bhuiyan, MS Payzant, EA Goyal, A Sathyamurthy, S Beach, DB Martin, PM Christen, DK Li, X Kodenkandath, T Schoop, U Rupich, MW Smith, HE Haugan, T Barnes, PN AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Leonard, KJ Zhai, HY Bhuiyan, MS Payzant, EA Goyal, A Sathyamurthy, S Beach, DB Martin, PM Christen, DK Li, X Kodenkandath, T Schoop, U Rupich, MW Smith, HE Haugan, T Barnes, PN TI Assessment of chemical solution synthesis and properties of Gd2Zr2O7 thin films as buffer layers for second-generation high-temperature superconductor wires SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; BIAXIALLY TEXTURED NI; BEAM-ASSISTED-DEPOSITION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER-DEPOSITION; DIP-COATING UNIT; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; LONG LENGTHS; FABRICATION; TAPES AB Chemical solution processing of Gd2Zr2O7 (GZO) thin films via sol-gel and metalorganic decomposition (MOD) precursor routes have been studied on textured Ni-based tape substrates. Even though films processed by both techniques showed similar property characteristics, the MOD-derived samples developed a high degree of texture alignment at significantly lower temperatures. Both precursor chemistries resulted in exceptionally dense, pore-free, and smooth micro structures, reflected in the cross-sectional and plan-view high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies. On the MOD GZO buffered Ni-3at.% W (Ni-W) substrates with additional Ceo(2)/YSZ sputtered over layers, a 0.8-mu m-thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) film, grown by an ex situ metalorganic trifluoroacetate precursor method, yielded critical current, I-c (77 K, self-field), of 100 A/cm width. Furthermore, using pulsed-laser deposited YBCO films, a zero-field superconducting critical current density, J(c) (77 K), of 1 x 10(6) A/cm(2) was demonstrated on an all-solution, simplified CeO2(MOD)/GZO(MOD)/Ni-W architecture. The present study establishes GZO buffers as a candidate material for low-cost, all-solution coated conductor fabrication. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aytugt@ornl.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2988 EP 2996 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0365 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 981NN UT WOS:000233095400016 ER PT J AU Browder, DA Erhard, RE AF Browder, DA Erhard, RE TI Decision making for a painful hip: A case requiring referral SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE cancer; pelvis; physical therapy; radiology; screening ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; LOW-BACK-PAIN; DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES; ACETABULAR LABRUM; PRIMARY-CARE; CANCER; KNEE; OSTEOARTHRITIS; DISORDERS AB Background: The purpose of this resident's case problem is to describe a 39-year-old female patient with insidious onset of hip pain. This patient had discrete findings on subjective and physical examination that prompted referral for further imaging studies of the left hip and pelvis. Despite having seen multiple providers, no imaging of the involved hip or pelvis had been performed. A prolonged duration of symptoms, severe gait disturbance with an associated Trendelenburg sign, difficulty sleeping, and an empty end feel with passive range of motion increased concern that a pathological process might be present. Diagnosis: Imaging studies revealed a large destructive soft-tissue tumor later found to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Discussion: It is incumbent upon physical therapists to be aware of the potential for severe pathological conditions that mimic musculoskeletal complaints to exist and understand how to identify patients for whom further testing and/or referral may be appropriate. Existing guidelines for low back pain may assist with decision making in the absence of specific guidelines for when to request imaging in patients with nontraumatic hip and pelvis pain. Proficiency in screening for conditions not amenable to physical therapy treatment or that require consultation to other health care professionals is essential to physical therapy practice. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Operat Squadron 959, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Browder, DA (reprint author), 3604 Augusta Glade, San Antonio, TX 78154 USA. EM david.browder@lackland.af.mil NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 738 EP 744 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 984MJ UT WOS:000233308700006 PM 16355916 ER PT J AU Salim, H Muller, P Dinan, R AF Salim, H Muller, P Dinan, R TI Response of conventional steel stud wall systems under static and dynamic pressure SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE cold-formed steel; studs; walls; steel structures; explosions; connections; dynamic pressure ID FORMED CHANNEL BEAMS AB This research effort focuses on the evaluation of existing design standards for cold-formed steel stud walls and the development of retrofit wall systems. Full-scale wall systems are tested under uniform static pressure using a vacuum chamber. The resistance functions obtained are used to model the dynamic behavior of the walls and to predict performance under blast conditions. This paper focuses on defining the static resistance of nonload-bearing steel stud walls with slip track connections and their performance under external explosions. Simple modifications to existing design practice have significantly improved the blast performance of the steel stud walls. Maximum blast resistance is achieved by using steel angles connected to the studs and anchored to the floor and ceiling. The static and dynamic performances of five full-scale steel stud wall systems are presented in this paper. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. HLM Design, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. AFRL, MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. RP Salim, H (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SalimH@missouri.edu NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2005)19:4(267) PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 976TX UT WOS:000232757400002 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH Pratt, DT AF Heiser, WH Pratt, DT TI Comment on "Analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic energy bypass engine for high-speed airbreathing propulsion" SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1140 EP 1140 DI 10.2514/1.17451 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 987FB UT WOS:000233502700024 ER PT J AU Bents, RT Skeete, KD AF Bents, RT Skeete, KD TI The correlation of the Buford complex and SLAP lesions SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GLENOID LABRUM; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; LONG HEAD; SHOULDER; VARIANTS; BICEPS; ANATOMY; TEARS; JOINT AB The Buford complex has previously been thought to be a normal anatomic variant with minimal clinical significance. The purpose of this study was to determine a potential correlation of an arthroscopic finding of a Buford complex and superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions in patients. Two hundred fifty consecutive shoulder arthroscopies performed at one institution were reviewed retrospectively. Operative reports and arthroscopic pictures were carefully inspected, with particular attention paid to descriptions of labral variations and pathology. Two hundred thirty-five reports met criteria for study inclusion. Of the 235 cases, 6 had a Buford complex (2.5%), displaying a cordlike middle glenohumeral ligament and absent anterior-superior labral tissue. Of these 6 patients, 5 had a corresponding SLAP lesion (83.3%). Of the remaining 229 patients 40 had SLAP lesions (17.5%). The significant difference between these groups (P < .003) indicates that there is a correlation of patients with Buford complexes and SLAP lesions. C1 USAF, MC, Ashland Orthopaed Associates, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Bents, RT (reprint author), USAF, MC, Ashland Orthopaed Associates, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 269 Maple St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM Bentsrdd@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.jse.2005.01.002 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 005QD UT WOS:000234838000002 PM 16337521 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD Freyman, RL AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD Freyman, RL TI Precedence-based speech segregation in a virtual auditory environment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL SEPARATION; ENERGETIC MASKING; COCKTAIL-PARTY; INFORMATIONAL MASKING; INTELLIGIBILITY; RECOGNITION; LOCALIZATION; PERCEPTION; RELEASE; TALKERS AB When a masking sound is spatially separated from a target speech signal, substantial releases from masking typically occur both for speech and noise maskers. However, when a delayed copy of the masker is also presented at the location of the target speech (a condition that has been referred to as the front target, right-front masker or F-RF configuration), the advantages of spatial separation vanish for noise maskers but remain substantial for speech maskers. This effect has been attributed to precedence, which introduces an apparent spatial separation between the target and masker in the F-RF configuration that helps the listener to segregate the target from a masking voice but not from a masking noise. In this study, virtual synthesis techniques were used to examine variations of the F-RF configuration in an attempt to more fully understand the stimulus parameters that influence the release from masking obtained in that condition. The results show that the release from speech-on-speech masking caused by the addition of the delayed copy of the masker is robust across a wide variety of source locations, masker locations, and masker delay values. This suggests that the speech unmasking that occurs in the F-RF configuration is not dependent on any single perceptual cue and may indicate that F-RF speech segregation is only partially based on the apparent left-right location of the RF masker. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC01625] NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5 BP 3241 EP 3251 DI 10.1121/1.2082557 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 984CY UT WOS:000233281300054 PM 16334903 ER PT J AU Korotkova, O Hoover, BG Gamiz, VL Wolf, E AF Korotkova, O Hoover, BG Gamiz, VL Wolf, E TI Coherence and polarization properties of far fields generated by quasi-homogeneous planar electromagnetic sources SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID BEAMS; PROPAGATION; STATIONARY AB In studies of radiation from partially coherent sources the so-called quasi-homogeneous (QH) model sources have been very useful, for instance in elucidating the behavior of fields produced by thermal sources. The analysis of the fields generated by such sources has, however, been largely carried out in the framework of scalar wave theory. In this paper we generalize the concept of the QH source to the domain of the electromagnetic theory, and we derive expressions for the elements of the cross-spectral density matrix, for the spectral density, the spectral degree of coherence, the degree of polarization, and the Stokes parameters of the far field generated by planar QH sources of uniform states of polarization. We then derive reciprocity relations analogous to those familiar in connection with the QH scalar sources. We illustrate the results by determining the properties of the far field produced by transmission of an electromagnetic beam through a system of spatial light modulators. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, FPCE, Coll Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Adv Opt Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Korotkova, O (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, FPCE, Coll Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM korotkov@pas.rochester.edu NR 18 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 11 BP 2547 EP 2556 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.22.002547 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 978CA UT WOS:000232848600026 PM 16302407 ER PT J AU Waller, SG AF Waller, SG TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Alamo Heights, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 170 IS 11 BP III EP III PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JS UT WOS:000235832000016 PM 16450830 ER PT J AU Bonventre, EV Nakano, G Tarantino, D AF Bonventre, EV Nakano, G Tarantino, D TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, MC, FS, Norfolk Naval Air Stn, VA USA. USN, MC, Washington, DC USA. RP Bonventre, EV (reprint author), USAF, MC, FS, Norfolk Naval Air Stn, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 170 IS 11 BP 914 EP + PG 63 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JS UT WOS:000235832000018 ER PT J AU Nainaparampil, JJ Phillips, BS Eapen, KC Zabinski, JS AF Nainaparampil, JJ Phillips, BS Eapen, KC Zabinski, JS TI Micro-nano behaviour of DMBI-PF6 ionic liquid nanocrystals: large and small-scale interfaces SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; RHODIUM COMPLEXES; PHASE; SIMULATIONS; WATER; RECONSTRUCTION AB Microelectrical mechanical systems (MEMS) devices coated with a thin film of ionic liquid showed significant improvement in wear life. These promising tribological findings led to the current study of the micro-nano behaviour of an ionic liquid, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (DMBI-PF6), when applied as a thin film on a polished silicon surface. The films remain as microdroplets in ambient conditions but undergo drastic changes when agitated by an atomic force microscope (AFM) contact scan or touched with a biased AFM tip. The nanotribological characteristics including mobility, diffusion and scratch resistance are studied. In the case of DMBI-PF6, it was observed that the imidazolium ion is a mobile phase while PF6 is attached to the silicon surface. Crystallites are formed as a result of tip contact and depend on the tip bias and environmental conditions. Crystallization of DMBI-PF6 from the liquid phase with no tip bias showed substantial variation in crystal shape compared to those formed under the influence of an electric bias. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nainaparampil, JJ (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. EM jose.nain@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2474 EP 2481 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/11/002 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 987BX UT WOS:000233494500002 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S AF Mukhopadhyay, S TI High-resolution room temperature spectroscopy with lantkanum halides SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The most desirable features in a spectroscopic material are high sensitivity and high resolution. Cerium-activated crystals of lanthanum bromide (LaBr3:Ce) have higher sensitivity and better spectroscopic resolution than sodium/cesium iodide (NaI/CsI) crystals because of higher density (5.29 g/cm(3)), faster decay time (35 ns), minimal afterglow, and larger (63000 photons/MeV) and more linear light output (6% nonlinearity over the energy range between 60 and 1332 keV). Of all the recent scintillator materials manufactured to date, LaBr3, with cerium activators, is one of the most promising for high-resolution, fast timing techniques as applied to medical image reconstructions or associated particle imaging. C1 Bechtel Nevada, Remote Sensing Lab, Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Bechtel Nevada, Remote Sensing Lab, Nellis AFB, POB 98521, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM mukhops@nv.doe.gov OI Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy/0000-0002-0319-5005 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 151 IS 3 BP 348 EP 354 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 976AS UT WOS:000232705800010 ER PT J AU Downey, DM Harre, JG Dolan, JR AF Downey, DM Harre, JG Dolan, JR TI Increased burst pressure in gastrointestinal staple-lines using reinforcement with a bioprosthetic material SO OBESITY SURGERY LA English DT Article DE intestinal anastomosis; staple-line; leak; burst pressure ID BOVINE PERICARDIAL STRIPS; Y GASTRIC BYPASS; INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSA; LEAK; COMPLICATIONS; ANASTOMOSES; RESECTION; SURGERY; TRIAL AB Background: Leakage at an anastomosis is a major and often catastrophic complication of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Staple-line reinforcement with one of the several materials commercially available has been utilized to reduce the incidence of this complication. The bioprosthetic material, small intestinal submucosa (SIS, Surgisis (R); Cook, Inc., Bloomington, IN) has found widespread applications in surgery. However, its ability to improve the durability of staple-lines in GI surgery in terms of burst pressure has not been documented. We hypothesized that SIS reinforcement of staple-lines in healthy living GI tissue would increase durability, as determined by leak rates at increased intraluminal pressures, compared to unreinforced staple-lines. Methods: Two healthy Yorkshire-Cross pigs were subjected to midline laparotomy and underwent small intestinal division (n=28) with GIA stapling devices. Half of the staple-lines were reinforced with SIS. The staple-lines were then exposed to increased intraluminal pressures by means of a constant-rate dye solution infusion, until staple-lines exhibited visible leakage of the dye solution. The intraluminal pressure was recorded at the time of visible leakage. Results: Staple-lines reinforced with SIS had significantly better durability as determined by analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier survival calculations, with respect to leak rate as a function of intraluminal pressure (P < 0.003). The mean burst pressure of the unreinforced staple-lines was 53 mmHg, while those staple-lines reinforced with SIS had a mean burst pressure of 83 mmHg. Conclusion: Reinforcement of stapled GI anastomoses with SIS significantly increases anastomotic burst pressure. These findings suggest a role for this material in GI surgery. C1 Kessler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. Kessler Med Ctr, Clin Res Lab, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Downey, DM (reprint author), Kessler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 81 MSGS-SGCQ,301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM douglasdowney@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU F D-COMMUNICATIONS INC PI TORONTO PA 3100 BAYVIEW AVE, UNIT 4, TORONTO, ONTARIO M2N 5L3, CANADA SN 0960-8923 J9 OBES SURG JI Obes. Surg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1379 EP 1383 DI 10.1381/096089205774859254 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 987GR UT WOS:000233506900004 PM 16354515 ER PT J AU Byers, BD Gordon, MC Higby, K AF Byers, BD Gordon, MC Higby, K TI Severe hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Cw SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Armed Forces District of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Obstet & Gynecologists, Armed Forces Dist ID ALLOIMMUNIZATION; MANAGEMENT AB BACKGROUND: Pregnancies complicated by Rh isoimmunization have decreased significantly since the widespread use of Rh immune globulin. Uncommon red blood cell antigens have therefore become more clinically evident. We report a case of anti-Cw immunization that resulted in severe fetal anemia that required multiple transfusions. CASE: A 28-year-old multigravida presented to our service at 18 weeks of gestation with her fourth pregnancy. Her pregnancy was complicated by anti-Cw isoimmunization that resulted in severe fetal anemia requiring in utero fetal blood transfusions. CONCLUSION: While previous reports recommend only postpartum surveillance when Cw isoimmunization is present, we report a case resulting in severe fetal anemia. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Byers, BD (reprint author), 826 Washington St,Suite 202, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. EM Benjamin.byers@sbcglobal.net NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 106 IS 5 BP 1180 EP 1182 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000164060.89842.a9 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 980LB UT WOS:000233018900016 PM 16260563 ER PT J AU Tiba, A Charlton, DG Vandewalle, KS Cohen, ME AF Tiba, A Charlton, DG Vandewalle, KS Cohen, ME TI Volumetric polymerization shrinkage of resin composites under simulated intraoral temperature and humidity conditions SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-CURED COMPOSITES; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; CONTRACTION; DILATOMETER; TEETH AB This study measured the volumetric shrinkage of resin composites polymerized under temperature and humidity conditions simulating the oral cavity and compared them to those occurring under ambient room conditions. Small, semispherical specimens of a microhybrid (Z100), microfill (Filtek A110) and flowable microhybrid (4 Seasons Flow) resin composite were manually formed and light activated for 40 seconds using a halogen light-curing unit (Spectrum Curing Light). The volumetric polymerization shrinkage of 10 specimens of each brand of resin composite was measured using a drop shape analysis unit (Drop Shape Analysis System, model DSA10 Mk2) under each of two temperature/relative humidity conditions: room conditions (22 +/- 2 degrees C and 60 +/- 5%) and those simulating intraoral conditions (35 degrees C and 92 +/- 5%). Mean volumetric shrinkage values were calculated for each resin composite and the data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and t-test (alpha = 0.05) to determine if significant differences existed between the amount of volumetric polymerization shrinkage that occurred under ambient room conditions and that which occurred under simulated intraoral conditions. Mean volumetric shrinkage values measured for the resin composites were: 2.26 +/- 0.04% (ambient) and 2.61 +/- 0.04% (intraoral) for Z100; 1.96 +/- 0.04% (ambient) and 2.28 +/- 0.04% (intraoral) for Filtek A110 and 4.53 +/- 0.06% (ambient) and 5.34 +/- 0.05% (intraoral) for 4 Seasons Flow. For each resin composite, statistical analysis indicated that the amount of volumetric shrinkage measured under simulated intraoral conditions was significantly greater than what was measured under ambient room conditions (P<0.0001). C1 Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Tiba, A (reprint author), 310A B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM atiba@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 696 EP 701 DI 10.2341/04-142 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 985MI UT WOS:000233381500007 PM 16382592 ER PT J AU Jones, LM Guillory, VL Mair, EA AF Jones, LM Guillory, VL Mair, EA TI Total nasopharyngeal stenosis: Treatment with laser excision, nasopharyngeal obturators, and topical mitomycin-c SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 108th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID MANAGEMENT AB OBJECTIVE: Severe nasopharyngeal stenosis after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is a dreaded complication. Very little has been written about successful treatment because attempts at correction frequently fail. Severe stenosis of the nasopharynx drastically worsens speech, swallowing, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We present Our Successful experience with severe stenosis focusing on a simple functional repair using topical mitomycin-c as well as differing daytime and nighttime palatal obturators. METHODS: Three adults with total or near-total nasopharyngeal stenosis secondary to UPPP were referred to our institution after multiple tailed attempts at repair. Each presented with significant OSA on polysomnogram (PSG), with excessive daytime somnolence and voice and swallowing complaints. Under general anesthesia, a CO2 laser is used to create an opening in the nasopharynx. Removable and adjustable palatal obturators are fashioned to keep the nasopharynx open with a daytime insert piece with a small obturator hole for diminished velopharyngeal insufficiency and a nighttime piece without m insert to maximize reccumbent airflow. Obturators are removed 6 months later with topical application of mitomycin-c a fibroblast inhibitor. All patients were followed clinically for at least 1 year and received posttreatment PSG. RESULTS: All patients experienced resolution of their stenoses. Swallowing and voice complaints resolved. Either OSA was eliminated or any residual OSA was successfully treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Serial videoendoscopic images throughout the treatment phase demonstrate the effectiveness of this new technique. CONCLUSIONS: Severe nasopharyngeal stenosis is a rare but devastating complication of UPPP. We introduce it simple technique that uses functional palatal oburators and topical mitomycin-c and describe Our success with this treatment algorithm. (C) 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil NR 7 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 795 EP 798 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.005 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 983FO UT WOS:000233216900026 PM 16274812 ER PT J AU Henry, MLR Packer, MMD Brennan, J AF Henry, MLR Packer, MMD Brennan, J TI Airway-obstructing laryngeal candidiasis in an immunocompetent host SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Reg Hosp, Elmendorf AFB, AR USA. RP Brennan, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 59 MDW MCSR,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM joseph.brennan@lackland.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 808 EP 810 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.017 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 983FO UT WOS:000233216900031 ER PT J AU Bush, DM AF Bush, DM TI Evaluating cardiovascular presentations: What does an electrocardiogram have to offer? SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; SUDDEN-DEATH; CHEST-PAIN; YOUNG; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; MYOCARDITIS; ARRHYTHMIAS; DIAGNOSIS C1 Cook Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Ft Worth, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bush, DM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM david.bush@lackland.af.mil NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 11 BP 858 EP 869 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 981XE UT WOS:000233120500005 PM 16353647 ER PT J AU Oberlin, JM Rogers, WM Fenton, CL AF Oberlin, JM Rogers, WM Fenton, CL TI Endocrine emergencies: Recognizing signs and symptoms SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID DIABETIC-KETOACIDOSIS; OUTPATIENT MANAGEMENT; INSULIN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Oberlin, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 220 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM john.oberlin@lackland.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 11 BP 870 EP 877 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 981XE UT WOS:000233120500006 PM 16353648 ER PT J AU Joseph, KR Richards, KC Rotenberg, JS AF Joseph, KR Richards, KC Rotenberg, JS TI Rash, fever, and neck pain in the office: Is this a neurologic emergency? SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID ANTICONVULSANT HYPERSENSITIVITY SYNDROME; INDUCED MOVEMENT-DISORDERS; STEVENS-JOHNSON-SYNDROME; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; SEROTONIN SYNDROME; INTRATHECAL BACLOFEN; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; SEIZURES; LAMOTRIGINE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Child & Adolescent Neurol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Pediat Neurol & Epilepsy Serv, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Div Sleep Med, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Joseph, KR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Child & Adolescent Neurol Serv, Bldg 2 Room 1L,6900 Georgia NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.joseph@na.amedd.army.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 11 BP 878 EP 884 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 981XE UT WOS:000233120500007 PM 16353649 ER PT J AU Ahrendt, DM Roncallo, PG AF Ahrendt, DM Roncallo, PG TI Emergencies in adolescents: Management guidelines for four presentations SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID NECK STRESS-FRACTURES; MENSTRUAL BLOOD-LOSS; FEMORAL-NECK; TESTICULAR TORSION; SUICIDE; CHILD C1 MMNP, MDOS 859, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Ahrendt, DM (reprint author), MMNP, MDOS 859, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM dale.ahrendt@lackland.af.mil NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 11 BP 895 EP 901 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 981XE UT WOS:000233120500009 PM 16353651 ER PT J AU Coppola, CP AF Coppola, CP TI A surgeon in your corner - Managing office-based surgical emergencies SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC-STENOSIS; INTUSSUSCEPTION; MALROTATION; INFANTS; HERNIA; AGE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Coppola, CP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.coppola@lackland.af.mil OI Coppola, Christopher/0000-0002-2683-4324 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 11 BP 903 EP 908 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 981XE UT WOS:000233120500010 PM 16353652 ER PT J AU Mu, TS McAdams, RM Bush, DM AF Mu, TS McAdams, RM Bush, DM TI A case of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and bicuspid aortic valve in monochorionic twins SO PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoplastic left heart syndrome; monochorionic twins; genetic factors; environmental influences ID MALFORMATIONS; SIBLINGS; DISEASE AB The etiology of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) remains unclear. Since a genetic cause for HLHS has not been obvious, it is generally considered to be inherited in a multifactorial manner. Studies of twins are valuable in elucidating the genetic contribution to a birth defect such as HLHS. We report a case of monochorionic twins in whom one has HLHS and the other has a bicuspid aortic valve. Predisposing genetic and environmental influences on individuals with identical genotypes, such as twins, may result in discordance of left-sided flow lesions. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS 859th, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Mu, TS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS 859th, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thornton.mu@lackland.af.mil NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-0643 J9 PEDIATR CARDIOL JI Pediatr. Cardiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 884 EP 885 DI 10.1007/s00246-005-1016-2 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pediatrics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pediatrics GA 998UD UT WOS:000234344500034 PM 16235019 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA TI Spatially selective laser cooling of carriers in semiconductor quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YB3+-DOPED GLASSES; REFRIGERATION; RADIATION; FIELD AB A successive four-step model is proposed for spatially selective laser cooling of carriers in undoped semiconductor quantum wells. The four physical steps include the following processes: (1) cold electrons with nearly zero kinetic energy are initially excited across a bandgap in a coherent and resonant way by using a weak laser field; (2) the induced cold carriers in two different bands are heated via inelastic phonon scattering to higher-energy states above their chemical potentials; (3) the resulting hot electrons and holes radiatively recombine to release photons, thus extracting more power from the quantum well than that acquired during the weak pump process; and (4) hot phonons in two surrounding hot barrier regions thermally diffuse into the central cool quantum well, thereby cooling the entire lattice with time. Based on this model, a thermal-diffusion equation for phonons including source terms from the carrier-phonon inelastic scattering and the thermal radiation received by the lattice from the surrounding environment is derived to study the evolution of the lattice temperature. At the same time, an energy-balance equation is applied to adiabatically find the spatial dependence of the carrier temperature for a given lattice temperature at each moment. There are two interesting findings in this paper. First, a V-shape feature in the carrier temperature is predicted by numerical calculations, which becomes apparent only for initial lattice temperature above 150 K. Second, a thermal-drag of the carrier temperature is found as a result of the strong carrier-phonon scattering. The difference between the lattice and carrier temperatures resulting from the thermal-drag effect is larger in the barrier regions than in the well region. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2005 VL 72 IS 19 AR 195308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195308 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 988LW UT WOS:000233603700075 ER PT J AU Shang, JS Surzhikov, ST Kimmel, R Gaitonde, D Menart, J Hayes, J AF Shang, JS Surzhikov, ST Kimmel, R Gaitonde, D Menart, J Hayes, J TI Mechanisms of plasma actuators for hypersonic flow control SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; DRAG REDUCTION; INJECTION AB A summary of recent research progress in hypersonic plasma actuators for flow control is attempted. It is found that the most effective plasma actuator is derived from an electromagnetic perturbation and amplifies by a subsequent viscous-inviscid interaction. Computational efforts using drift-diffusion theory and a simple phenomenological plasma model, as well as experiments in a hypersonic plasma channel, have shown the effectiveness of using electro-aerodynamic interaction as a hypersonic flow control mechanism. In principle, the plasma actuator based on magneto-aerodynamic interaction should have an added mechanism in the Lorentz force, making it even more effective as a flow control mechanism. However, this approach also incurs additional challenges and complications due to the Hall effect. Magneto-aerodynamic interactions have also been demonstrated for separated flow control, albeit in a very limited scope. Numerical simulations based on a simple phenomenological plasma model have shown the feasibility of separated flow suppression in shock-boundary-layer interaction over a compression ramp at a hypersonic flow of Mach 14.1. The control mechanism relies on the Lorentz force to energize the retarded shear layer in the viscous interacting region, but the effectiveness of momentum transfer via inelastic collision requires further validation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Moscow, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM joseph.shang@wright.edu RI Surzhikov, Sergey/A-6149-2009 OI Surzhikov, Sergey/0000-0002-7772-0538 NR 48 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8 BP 642 EP 668 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.11.001 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 022FG UT WOS:000236039900002 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Slocik, JM Stone, MO Naik, RR TI Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using multifunctional peptides SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE biomimetic synthesis; biomineralization; gold; nanoparticles; peptides ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SURFACE; ABSORPTION; ANTIBODY; ARRAYS; PROBES C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldg 651, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 192 Z9 192 U1 7 U2 89 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 11 BP 1048 EP 1052 DI 10.1002/smll..200500172 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 974LP UT WOS:000232593300004 PM 17193392 ER PT J AU Kuyk, TK Liu, L Fuhr, PSW AF Kuyk, TK Liu, L Fuhr, PSW TI Feature search in persons with severe visual impairment SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE visual search; feature search; visual impairment; aging ID MOBILITY PERFORMANCE; FEATURE-INTEGRATION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; OLDER-ADULTS; TARGET ECCENTRICITY; CONJUNCTION SEARCH; SERIAL SEARCH; LOW-VISION; ORIENTATION; ATTENTION AB Feature search performance was measured in visually impaired (VI) and age-matched controls with normal vision (NV). All V1 subjects were legally blind. The task was to search for a 2 degrees x 2 degrees square target among smaller I' x I' distracters. Targets and distracters were white and presented on a dark background that subtended 69 degrees by 58 degrees. Three field-sizes (10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 40 degrees) and three set sizes (8-, 16-, and 32-items) were tested. The V1 subjects searched more slowly than the NV subjects, but the reaction time of both groups of subjects did not rise with increasing number of items. The latter is consistent with a parallel search. Both groups searched more slowly when field-size increased, but the VI group was affected more by the increase than the NV group. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Lighthouse Int, New York, NY USA. RP Kuyk, TK (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Thomas.kuyk.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 45 IS 25-26 BP 3224 EP 3234 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2005.07.019 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 985BB UT WOS:000233350000013 PM 16139858 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Look, DC Kim, DH Adesida, I AF Fang, ZQ Look, DC Kim, DH Adesida, I TI Traps in AlGaN/GaN/SiC heterostructures studied by deep level transient spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; SURFACE-STATES; DLTS SPECTRA; GAAS-MESFETS; GAN; EPITAXY AB AlGaN/GaN/SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), with and without Si3N4 passivation, have been characterized by temperature-dependent current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements, and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). A dominant trap A(1), with activation energy of 1.0 eV and apparent capture cross section of 2x10(-12) cm(2), has been observed in both unpassivated and passivated SBDs. Based on the well-known logarithmic dependence of DLTS peak height with filling pulse width for a line-defect related trap, A(1), which is commonly observed in thin GaN layers grown by various techniques, is believed to be associated with threading dislocations. At high temperatures, the DLTS signal sometimes becomes negative, likely due to an artificial surface-state effect. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu NR 14 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 18 AR 182115 DI 10.1063/1.2126145 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 978PV UT WOS:000232886400044 ER PT J AU Maliakal, A Katz, H Cotts, PM Subramoney, S Mirau, P AF Maliakal, A Katz, H Cotts, PM Subramoney, S Mirau, P TI Inorganic oxide core, polymer shell nanocomposite as a high K gate dielectric for flexible electronics applications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; ORGANIC TRANSISTORS; METAL-OXIDES; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE; HYBRID; INSULATORS; ADSORPTION AB Organic/inorganic core shell nanoparticles have been synthesized using high K TiO2 as the core nanoparticle, and polystyrene as the shell. This material is easy to process and forms transparent continuous thin films, which exhibit a dielectric constant enhancement of over 3 times that of bulk polystyrene. This new dielectric material has been incorporated into capacitors and thin film transistors (TFTs). Mobilities approaching 0.2 cm(2)/V (.) s have been measured for pentacene TFTs incorporating the new TiO2 polystyrene nanostructured gate dielectric, indicating good surface properties for pentacene film growth. This novel strategy for generating high K flexible gate dielectrics will be of value in improving organic and flexible electronic device performance. C1 Lucent Technol, Dept Mat Res, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maliakal, A (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Dept Mat Res, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM maliakal@lucent.com NR 40 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 10 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 26 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 42 BP 14655 EP 14662 DI 10.1021/ja052035a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 977CV UT WOS:000232780900040 PM 16231918 ER PT J AU Bentley, BB De Jong, MJ Moser, DK AF Bentley, BB De Jong, MJ Moser, DK TI Predictors of dietary sodium adherence in patients with heart failure: Evaluation of the theory of planned behavior SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Baccalaureate & Grad Nursing, Richmond, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Nursing, USAF, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 2068 BP U486 EP U486 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956402650 ER PT J AU Kolasa, M O'Bryan, CL Krasuski, R Roman-Gonzalez, J AF Kolasa, M O'Bryan, CL Krasuski, R Roman-Gonzalez, J TI Myocardial scar quantification by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging identifies substrate for ventricular tachycardia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 13-16, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 25 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 17 SU S MA 1928 BP U456 EP U456 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979PD UT WOS:000232956402520 ER PT J AU Wang, HT Kang, BS Ren, F Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jessen, G Jenkins, T Dettmer, R Via, D Crespo, A Gila, BP Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ AF Wang, HT Kang, BS Ren, F Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jessen, G Jenkins, T Dettmer, R Via, D Crespo, A Gila, BP Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ TI Comparison of gate and drain current detection of hydrogen at room temperature with AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SILICON-CARBIDE; GAN SURFACES; DIODES; SENSORS; DEVICES; PT/GAN; HEMTS AB Pt-gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors can be used as room-temperature hydrogen gas sensors at hydrogen concentrations as low as 100 ppm. A comparison of the changes in drain and gate current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with the introduction of 500 ppm H-2 into the measurement ambient shows that monitoring the change in drain-source current provides a wider gate voltage operation range for maximum detection sensitivity and higher total current change than measuring the change in gate current. However, over a narrow gate voltage range, the relative sensitivity of detection by monitoring the gate current changes is up to an order of magnitude larger than that of drain-source current changes. In both cases, the changes are fully reversible in < 2-3 min at 25 degrees C upon removal of the hydrogen from the ambient. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wang, HT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 17 AR 172105 DI 10.1063/1.2117617 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 976HK UT WOS:000232723700028 ER PT J AU Gila, BP Hlad, M Onstine, AH Frazier, R Thaler, GT Herrero, A Lambers, E Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Anderson, T Jang, S Ren, F Moser, N Fitch, RC Freund, M AF Gila, BP Hlad, M Onstine, AH Frazier, R Thaler, GT Herrero, A Lambers, E Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Anderson, T Jang, S Ren, F Moser, N Fitch, RC Freund, M TI Improved oxide passivation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SURFACE PASSIVATION; HEMTS; POWER; DISPERSION; SIGNAL; SC2O3; MGO; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PERFORMANCE AB MgO has proven effective in the past as a surface passivation layer to minimize current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). However, MgO is not environmentally stable and more stable oxides need to be developed. MgCaO can be produced that is lattice matched to the GaN. Three samples were grown with 0%, 50% and 75% of Ca, which had respective lattice mismatches of -6.5% for MgO, -1% for Mg0.50Ca0.50O and +4% for Mg0.25Ca0.75O. Drain saturation current in HENTs had increases of 4.5% and 1%, respectively, for Mg0.5Ca0.5O and Mg0.25Ca0.75O passivated devices. However, there was a 10% decrease for the device passivated with pure MgO. This was due to strain applied on the nitride HEMT by the oxide, which is consistent with the piezoelectric effect in the nitride HEMT by the oxide, which is consistent with the piezoelectric effect in the nitride form the lattice mismatch between AlGaN and GaN. From pulsed measurements, HEMTs passivated with Mg0.5Ca0.5O and Mg0.25Ca0.75O showed higher passivation effectiveness (90% of dc current) then the MgO passivated HEMTs (83% dc current). This is due to the closer lattice matching of these calcium containing oxides and the reduction in interface traps associated with lattice mismatch. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 17 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 16 AR 163503 DI 10.1063/1.2105987 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 973YG UT WOS:000232557900083 ER PT J AU Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD AF Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD TI Seasonal variability of turbulence parameters at 2 to 21 km from MST radar measurements at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATES; SANDS MISSILE RANGE; VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSIVITY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NEW-MEXICO; RASS MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; TROPOSPHERE; BEAMWIDTH; SPECTRUM AB [1] Seasonal profiles of the turbulent kinetic energy, eddy dissipation rate, inner scale of turbulence, and vertical eddy diffusivity are presented from observations using the VHF Doppler profiling radar at Vandenberg (VBG) Air Force Base, California, over 4 calendar years from 2 to 21 km. Results are displayed seasonally both as a function of distance above the surface and relative to the tropopause. The VBG radar is located in the littoral region of southern California with a pronounced marine boundary layer; results are compared to those derived from other radars with similar performance located in different climatic regimes and terrain conditions. Turbulent kinetic energy values at VBG are between the higher values found at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), New Mexico, which is located in a semiarid valley, and the site at Gadanki, India, except under Indian monsoon conditions. The same trend in general is found for the eddy dissipation rate for the same three sites although differences between the two U. S. sites are small. Inner scale profiles show the largest values at Gadanki and the smallest at WSMR with VBG estimates in the middle. Eddy diffusivity values at WSMR and VBG are in general slightly smaller than those found with the MU radar near Kyoto, Japan, but are greater than the values found in the stratosphere in Gadanki, India. All turbulence parameters show significant correlations with wind speed. C1 St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM gdnastrom@stcloudstate.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D19 AR D19110 DI 10.1029/2005JD005782 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 975UB UT WOS:000232687200002 ER PT J AU Meech, KJ Ageorges, N A'Hearn, MF Arpigny, C Ates, A Aycock, J Bagnulo, S Bailey, J Barber, R Barrera, L Barrena, R Bauer, JM Belton, MJS Bensch, F Bhattacharya, B Biver, N Blake, G Bocklee-Morvan, D Boehnhardt, H Bonev, BP Bonev, T Buie, MW Burton, MG Butner, HM Cabanac, R Campbell, R Campins, H Capria, MT Carroll, T Chaffee, F Charnley, SB Cleis, R Coates, A Cochran, A Colom, P Conrad, A Coulson, IM Crovisier, J deBuizer, J Dekany, R de Leon, J Dello Russo, N Delsanti, A DiSanti, M Drummond, J Dundon, L Etzel, PB Farnham, TL Feldman, P Fernandez, YR Filipovic, MD Fisher, S Fitzsimmons, A Fong, D Fugate, R Fujiwara, H Fujiyoshi, T Furusho, R Fuse, T Gibb, E Groussin, O Gulkis, S Gurwell, M Hadamcik, H Hainaut, O Harker, D Harrington, D Harwit, M Hasegawa, S Hergenrother, CW Hirst, P Hodapp, K Honda, M Howell, ES Hutsemekers, D Iono, D Ip, WH Jackson, W Jehin, E Jiang, ZJ Jones, GH Jones, PA Kadono, T Kamath, UW Kaufl, HU Kasuga, T Kawakita, H Kelley, MS Kerber, F Kidger, M Kinoshita, D Knight, M Lara, L Larson, SM Lederer, S Lee, CF Levasseur-Regourd, AC Li, JY Li, QS Licandro, J Lin, ZY Lisse, CM LoCurto, G Lovell, AJ Lowry, SC Lyke, J Lynch, D Ma, J Magee-Sauer, K Maheswar, G Manfroid, J Marco, O Martin, P Melnick, G Miller, S Miyata, T Moriarty-Schieven, GH Moskovitz, N Mueller, BEA Mumma, MJ Muneer, S Neufeld, DA Ootsubo, T Osip, D Pandea, SK Pantin, E Paterno-Mahler, R Patten, B Penprase, BE Peck, A Petitas, G Pinilla-Alonso, N Pittichova, J Pompei, E Prabhu, TP Qi, C Rao, R Rauer, H Reitsema, H Rodgers, SD Rodriguez, P Ruane, R Ruch, G Rujopakarn, W Sahu, DK Sako, S Sakon, I Samarasinha, N Sarkissian, JM Saviane, I Schirmer, M Schultz, P Schulz, R Seitzer, P Sekiguchi, T Selman, F Serra-Ricart, M Sharp, R Snell, RL Snodgrass, C Stallard, T Stecklein, G Sterken, C Stuwe, JA Sugita, S Sumner, M Suntzeff, N Swaters, R Takakuwa, S Takata, N Thomas-Osip, J Thompson, E Tokunaga, AT Tozzi, GP Tran, H Troy, M Trujillo, C Van Cleve, J Vasundhara, R Vazquez, R Vilas, F Villanueva, G von Braun, K Vora, P Wainscoat, RJ Walsh, K Watanabe, J Weaver, HA Weaver, W Weiler, M Weissman, PR Welsh, WF Wilner, D Wolk, S Womack, M Wooden, D Woodney, LM Woodward, C Wu, ZY Wu, JH Yamashita, T Yang, B Yang, YB Yokogawa, S Zook, AC Zauderer, A Zhao, X Zhou, X Zucconi, JM AF Meech, KJ Ageorges, N A'Hearn, MF Arpigny, C Ates, A Aycock, J Bagnulo, S Bailey, J Barber, R Barrera, L Barrena, R Bauer, JM Belton, MJS Bensch, F Bhattacharya, B Biver, N Blake, G Bocklee-Morvan, D Boehnhardt, H Bonev, BP Bonev, T Buie, MW Burton, MG Butner, HM Cabanac, R Campbell, R Campins, H Capria, MT Carroll, T Chaffee, F Charnley, SB Cleis, R Coates, A Cochran, A Colom, P Conrad, A Coulson, IM Crovisier, J deBuizer, J Dekany, R de Leon, J Dello Russo, N Delsanti, A DiSanti, M Drummond, J Dundon, L Etzel, PB Farnham, TL Feldman, P Fernandez, YR Filipovic, MD Fisher, S Fitzsimmons, A Fong, D Fugate, R Fujiwara, H Fujiyoshi, T Furusho, R Fuse, T Gibb, E Groussin, O Gulkis, S Gurwell, M Hadamcik, H Hainaut, O Harker, D Harrington, D Harwit, M Hasegawa, S Hergenrother, CW Hirst, P Hodapp, K Honda, M Howell, ES Hutsemekers, D Iono, D Ip, WH Jackson, W Jehin, E Jiang, ZJ Jones, GH Jones, PA Kadono, T Kamath, UW Kaufl, HU Kasuga, T Kawakita, H Kelley, MS Kerber, F Kidger, M Kinoshita, D Knight, M Lara, L Larson, SM Lederer, S Lee, CF Levasseur-Regourd, AC Li, JY Li, QS Licandro, J Lin, ZY Lisse, CM LoCurto, G Lovell, AJ Lowry, SC Lyke, J Lynch, D Ma, J Magee-Sauer, K Maheswar, G Manfroid, J Marco, O Martin, P Melnick, G Miller, S Miyata, T Moriarty-Schieven, GH Moskovitz, N Mueller, BEA Mumma, MJ Muneer, S Neufeld, DA Ootsubo, T Osip, D Pandea, SK Pantin, E Paterno-Mahler, R Patten, B Penprase, BE Peck, A Petitas, G Pinilla-Alonso, N Pittichova, J Pompei, E Prabhu, TP Qi, C Rao, R Rauer, H Reitsema, H Rodgers, SD Rodriguez, P Ruane, R Ruch, G Rujopakarn, W Sahu, DK Sako, S Sakon, I Samarasinha, N Sarkissian, JM Saviane, I Schirmer, M Schultz, P Schulz, R Seitzer, P Sekiguchi, T Selman, F Serra-Ricart, M Sharp, R Snell, RL Snodgrass, C Stallard, T Stecklein, G Sterken, C Stuwe, JA Sugita, S Sumner, M Suntzeff, N Swaters, R Takakuwa, S Takata, N Thomas-Osip, J Thompson, E Tokunaga, AT Tozzi, GP Tran, H Troy, M Trujillo, C Van Cleve, J Vasundhara, R Vazquez, R Vilas, F Villanueva, G von Braun, K Vora, P Wainscoat, RJ Walsh, K Watanabe, J Weaver, HA Weaver, W Weiler, M Weissman, PR Welsh, WF Wilner, D Wolk, S Womack, M Wooden, D Woodney, LM Woodward, C Wu, ZY Wu, JH Yamashita, T Yang, B Yang, YB Yokogawa, S Zook, AC Zauderer, A Zhao, X Zhou, X Zucconi, JM TI Deep Impact: Observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMET-9P/TEMPEL-1; 9P/TEMPEL-1 AB On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempet 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Metropolitana Ciencias Educ, Santiago, Chile. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Belton Space Initiat, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Max Planck Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Inst Astron, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Inst Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Gemini Observ, Serena, Chile. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW 1797, Australia. Gemini Observ N, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Australian Telescope, Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Kyoto 6038555, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 La Palma, Spain. Agnes Scott Coll, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Rowan Univ, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Las Campanas Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. CEA, Serv Astron, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Fdn Galileo Galilei & Telescopio Nazl Galileo, La Palma 38700, Spain. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Ball Aerosp, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. European Space Agcy, Madrid 28080, Spain. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. European Space Agcy, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. RP Meech, KJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM meech@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi/B-8583-2008; Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/E-7849-2012; Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; Vazquez, Roberto/L-3613-2016; mumma, michael/I-2764-2013; Jones, Geraint/C-1682-2008; de Leon, Julia/H-7569-2015; Magee-Sauer, Karen/K-6061-2015; Dello Russo, Neil/G-2727-2015; Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016 OI Snodgrass, Colin/0000-0001-9328-2905; Jones, Geraint/0000-0002-5859-1136; Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Vazquez, Roberto/0000-0002-3279-9764; de Leon, Julia/0000-0002-0696-0411; Magee-Sauer, Karen/0000-0002-4979-9875; Dello Russo, Neil/0000-0002-8379-7304; NR 15 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5746 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1126/science.1118978 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 975NV UT WOS:000232670100038 PM 16150977 ER PT J AU Grant, JT Jiang, H Tullis, S Johnson, WE Eyink, K Fleitz, P Bunning, TJ AF Grant, JT Jiang, H Tullis, S Johnson, WE Eyink, K Fleitz, P Bunning, TJ TI The growth and characterization of photonic thin films SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Vacuum Conference (JVC-10) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2004 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP Slovenian Vacuum Soc, Austrian Vacuum Soc, Hungarian Vacuum Soc, Croatian Vacuum Soc, Czech Republic Vacuum Soc, Slovakian Vacuum Soc DE thin films; XPS; FTIR; VASE; CVD; polymerization ID PLASMA COPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMERIZATION; MONOMER AB Photonic thin films have been grown on a variety of substrates using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of organic monomers, namely benzene and octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB). Films produced by both homopolymerization and co-polymerization have been prepared and analyzed. In order to introduce significant contributions from OFCB into co-polymerized films, the OFCB was introduced directly into the plasma zone and the benzene flow was reduced to a low, stable level using a high-accuracy metering valve. The films have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), with an emphasis on XPS. Apart from determining the atomic composition of the films with XPS, it was extremely valuable in determining the chemistry of the films. Studies of the mechanisms of the homo- and copolymerization reactions have aided in the fabrication of photonic films. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD OCT 14 PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2005.07.022 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 975PM UT WOS:000232674400003 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Ober, DM Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Russell, CT Lester, M Mozer, FS Sato, N AF Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Ober, DM Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Russell, CT Lester, M Mozer, FS Sato, N TI Electron signatures of active merging sites on the magnetopause SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; SOUTHWARD IMF; POLAR; INSTRUMENT; CONVECTION; DEPLETION; TOPOLOGY; MODELS AB Near magnetopause current layers the Polar satellite often detects field-aligned fluxes of >0.5 keV electrons that carry heat flux away from merging sites along inner/outer separatrices between newly opened and closed/interplanetary magnetic flux. Close to separator lines, electron gyrotropy weakens to break trapping on closed field lines of the outer plasma sheet followed by attachment to newly opened flux at random pitch angles. Energetic electrons in the "tails'' of distribution functions quickly move great distances along separatrices to act as surgical indicators of active merging. If IMF BY is large, field rotation in the magnetopause current layer can be <<180 degrees, obscuring relationships between merging sources and separatrices. Suprathermal electrons and accelerated ions moving along nearby inner and outer edges of moderate shear current layers are remote signatures of merging at widely separate locations. Detecting accelerated ions at a moderate shear magnetopause is insufficient evidence for component merging occurring near a spacecraft. During magnetopause-skimming passes Polar sampled electron tail events characteristic of inner and outer separatrices that typically lasted from a few tens of seconds to several minutes. The 557.7-nm emissions observed at cusp boundaries suggest that their sources operate on similar timescales and are active simultaneously at multiple locations. The magnetic conjugacy of inner separatrices with cusp boundaries as well as the similar timescales of electron tail and 557.7-nm emission events strongly indicates that they are causally connected. Combining the two types of measurements offers an effective technique for separating temporal and spatial variability in magnetopause dynamics. C1 ATK Mission Res, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo 173, Japan. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM nelson.maynard@unh.edu; william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil; jds@space-theory.physics.uiowa.edu; daniel.ober@atk.com; dan.weimer@atk.com; keith.siebert@atk.com; ctrussell@igpp.ucla.edu; me@ion.le.ac.uk; fmozer@ssl.berkeley.edu; nsato@nipr.ac.jp RI Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013 OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 13 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A10 AR A10207 DI 10.1029/2004JA010639 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 975US UT WOS:000232689500001 ER PT J AU Hood, A Razeghi, M Aifer, EH Brown, GJ AF Hood, A Razeghi, M Aifer, EH Brown, GJ TI On the performance and surface passivation of type IIInAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes for the very-long-wavelength infrared SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; MU-M; CUTOFF; RANGE AB We demonstrate very-long-wavelength infrared type II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes with a cutoff wavelength (lambda(c,50%)) of 17 mu m. We observed a zero-bias, peak Johnson noise-limited detectivity of 7.63x10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W at 77 K with a 90%-10% cutoff width of 17 meV, and quantum efficiency of 30%. Variable area diode zero-bias resistance-area product (R(0)A) measurements indicated that silicon dioxide passivation increased surface resistivity by nearly a factor of 5, over unpassivated photodiodes, and increased overall R(0)A uniformity. The bulk R(0)A at 77 K was found to be 0.08 Omega cm(2), with RA increasing more than twofold at 25 mV reverse bias. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 13 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 15 AR 151113 DI 10.1063/1.2089170 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 972GL UT WOS:000232442200013 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A AF Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A TI Fast coronal mass ejection environments and the production of solar energetic particle events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CME INTERACTIONS; DRIVEN SHOCKS; LARGE-ANGLE; ACCELERATION AB [1] The search continues for coronal environmental factors that determine whether a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) results in a solar energetic particle (SEP) event at 1 AU. From a plot of peak 20 MeV SEP intensities versus associated CME speeds we select for comparison two groups of fast, wide, western hemisphere CMEs observed with the LASCO coronagraph from 1998 to 2002. The SEP-rich CME group produced the largest observed SEP events, and the SEP-poor CME group produced the smallest or no observed SEP events. The major differences are that the SEP-rich CMEs are brighter and more likely to be streamer blowouts and to follow colocated CMEs within 12 or 24 hours. The SEP-poor CMEs are fainter and less likely to interact with streamers or to follow preceding colocated CMEs. Thus we confirm the recent result that the SEP event peak intensities are higher when the associated driver CMEs are preceded within a day by wide CMEs at the same locations. However, the enhanced brightness, and therefore mass, of the SEP-rich CMEs appears to be their most dominant characteristic and suggests that either large longitudinal and latitudinal extents or high densities are needed for fast CMEs to produce SEPs. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil; avourlid@pythia.nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 5 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A12 AR A12S01 DI 10.1029/2005JA011073 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 975IM UT WOS:000232654200001 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Oh, SJ Choi, JY Kim, JW Han, J Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lee, HJ Oh, SJ Choi, JY Kim, JW Han, J Tan, LS Baek, JB TI In situ synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in ethylene glycol containing terephthalic acid and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as an approach to MWNT/PET nanocomposites SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; DISPERSION; POLYMER; FIBERS; POLYSTYRENE; NANOFIBERS; STRENGTH; MATRIX AB Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) (diameter range, 10-20 nm) were functionalized with 4-methoxybenzoic acid and 4-ethoxybenzoic acid via a Friedel-Crafts reaction in polyphosphoric acid to afford methoxybenzoyl- and ethoxybenzoyl-functionalized MWNTs. As-received MWNT, methoxybenzoyl-functionalized (MeO-MWNT), and ethoxybenzoyl-functionalized (EtO-MWNT) nanotubes were dispersed in ethylene glycol (EG). Because of the structural similarity, the mixture of EtO-MWNT (0.4 wt %) and EG was a homogeneous dispersion, whereas MeO-MWNT and pristine MWNT were dispersed in EG rather heterogeneously at the same loading. In situ polycondensation of EG and terephthalic acid in the presence of pristine MWNT, MeO-MWNT, or EtO-MWNT was carried out to generate the corresponding MWNT/PET, MeO-MWNT/PET, and EtO-MWNT/PET nanocomposites. High molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalates) (PETs), with intrinsic viscosity range 0.6-0.7 dL/g (o-chlorophenol at 30 +/- 0.1 degrees C), were obtained in all cases. In comparing the images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) taken at the same magnification for these nanocomposites, it is clear that the MWNT/PET system has poor MWNT dispersion and the MeO-MWNT/PET system has a better dispersion. However, EtO-MWNT in PET matrix is most homogeneously dispersed, and the interfacial boundary between EtO-MWNT and PET matrix is practically nondiscernible. C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. Saehan Ind Inc, Gumi 730707, Kyungpook, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP,Polymer Branch,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 39 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 4 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 20 BP 5057 EP 5064 DI 10.1021/cm051218t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 970RG UT WOS:000232326700022 ER PT J AU Emelett, SJ Soref, RA AF Emelett, SJ Soref, RA TI Analysis of dual-microring-resonator cross-connect switches and modulators SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FILTERS AB Modeling and simulation results on new, resonant, waveguided 2 x 2 switches and 1 x 1 modulators are presented here. The devices employ two coupled microrings: one fixed and one floating. The fixed ring is coupled to bus waveguides that are crossed or are locally parallel. Electrooptic and thermooptic switching lambda = 1.55 mu m are investigated. A novel peaks-and-valley spectral response allows low-power switching with low crosstalk and low insertion loss. Complete switching is attained when the complex index of both rings is perturbed by Delta n similar to 4 x 10(-4). The modulator's optical output power is a linear function of Delta n over three to five decades of Delta n. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Emelett, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Stephen.Emelett.ctr.@hanscom.af.mil; Richard.Soref@hanscom.af.mil NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 3 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 20 BP 7840 EP 7853 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.007840 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 973TF UT WOS:000232544800014 PM 19498812 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI New analytic and computational formalism for the band structure of N-layer photonic crystals SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE photonic band gap; band structure; one-dimensional; layers ID KRONIG-PENNEY MODEL; SECULAR EQUATION; SUPERLATTICES; PHONONS; TRANSMISSION; POTENTIALS; 3-LAYER; LASERS; MEDIA AB This Letter presents a new analytic and computational formalism for the eigenfrequency spectra of arbitrary, one-dimensional. N-layer photonic band gap (PBG) materials. The secular equation is formulated in terms of tangents only, a form that has the following beneficial attributes: (a) a compact, algorithmically simple, N x N Hermitian eigenvalue-eigenvector problem (real symmetric at symmetry points) that can be diagonalized once to find both the eigenfrequencies and associated wave amplitudes, and (b) a transparent analytical structure that can be exploited to gain additional insights such as physically appealing, geometric representations of the eigenfrequency condition and analytic forms not otherwise available. The formalism is demonstrated on the example of an eighth-wave/quarter-wave/half-wave PBG stack. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM frank.szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 3 PY 2005 VL 345 IS 4-6 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.07.047 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 967DA UT WOS:000232070500029 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Wang, A Harrison, JK Tapson, VF Bashore, TM AF Krasuski, RA Wang, A Harrison, JK Tapson, VF Bashore, TM TI The response to inhaled nitric oxide in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension is not masked by baseline vasodilator use SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS; THERAPY; AGENT AB Background Assessment of pulmonary vasodilator responsiveness is important in determining the prognosis and management of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Many patients, however, are already on vasodilators at the time of testing. It is unclear if these agents should be temporarily discontinued to improve the sensitivity of testing. Methods We examined the hemodynamic effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in 60 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thirty-one of these patients were receiving medications with vasodilating properties. Vasodilator testing was performed with invasive measurement of pressure of the right side of the heart at baseline and during inhalation of 40 ppm NO. Results No significant demographic differences were seen between patients receiving and not receiving vasodilators. Similar reductions in mean pulmonary artery pressure (19 +/- 12% vs 20 +/- 12%, P =.734) and pulmonary vascular resistance (31 +/- 18 vs 32 +/- 16, P =.967) were seen in patients receiving and not receiving vasodilators. Using the definition of positive vasodilator response (>= 20% drop in mean pulmonary artery pressure), 55% (17/31) of patients in the baseline vasodilator group had a positive response compared with 62% (18/29) of the patients not on vasodilators (P =.570). Conclusions Concurrent use of oral vasodilators does not appear to mask a significant response to inhaled NO on the pulmonary vasculature. Therefore, routine discontinuation of pulmonary vasodilators is likely unnecessary before vasodilator testing in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Med Wing 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Med Wing 59, Suite 1,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM richard.krasuski@lackland.af.mil OI Krasuski, Richard/0000-0003-3150-5215 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 150 IS 4 BP 725 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.10.012 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979NY UT WOS:000232953300020 PM 16209974 ER PT J AU Campbell, CL Berger, PB Nuttall, GA Orford, JL Santrach, PJ Oliver, WC Ereth, MH Thompson, CM Murphy, MK McGlassen, DL Schrader, LM Steinhubl, SR AF Campbell, CL Berger, PB Nuttall, GA Orford, JL Santrach, PJ Oliver, WC Ereth, MH Thompson, CM Murphy, MK McGlassen, DL Schrader, LM Steinhubl, SR TI Can N-acetylcysteine reverse the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel? An in vivo and vitro study SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ASPIRIN; TRIAL; METAANALYSIS; PROTHROMBIN; REGISTRY; INJURY AB Background The active metabolite of clopidogrel binds the P2Y(12) ADP receptor on the platelet surface via a disulfide bond. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to reduce disulfide bonds. We postulated that NAC might reverse clopidogrel's effect on platelets. Methods Two groups of patients were investigated. Group 1 included 11 patients with stable coronary disease who, after discontinuation of aspirin, received 14 days of clopidogrel, 75 mg/day. Bleeding time and whole-blood platelet aggregometry (with 5 mu mol/L ADP) were compared before and after the 14 days. Patients were then treated with 6 g of NAC orally, followed by repeat measurement of bleeding time and aggregometry. In group 2, 14 patients were treated with clopidogrel (300 mg) and aspirin before a percutaneous coronary intervention. Blood was drawn 22 +/- 3 hours later and divided into 2 samples. One was sent immediately for platelet-rich plasma aggregometry (using 5 and 2 mu mol/L AIDP, collagen, and arachidonic acid as agonists), thromboelastography, and aggregometry using the Plateletworks assay (Helena Laboratories, Beaumont, Tex). The other sample was treated with NAC (500 mg/L), after which these some platelet function tests were performed. Results In group 1, NAC therapy did not significantly change the bleeding time or results of aggregometry. In group 2, neither aggregometry nor the Plateletworks assay suggested reversal of inhibition by NAC. Conclusions These studies reveal that a large dose of NAC does not reduce inhibition of platelet aggregation by clopidogrel in vitro or in vivo. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Cardiol, Div Cardiol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Duke Univ, Div Cardiol, Durham, NC USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Anesthesia, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med, Rochester, MN USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Clin Res Lab, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Cardiol, Div Cardiol, 900 S Limestone St,326 Charles T Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM steinhubl@uky.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 150 IS 4 BP 796 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.01.015 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 979NY UT WOS:000232953300030 PM 16209984 ER PT J AU Freiler, JF Steel, KE Hagan, LL Rathkopf, MM Roman-Gonzalez, J AF Freiler, JF Steel, KE Hagan, LL Rathkopf, MM Roman-Gonzalez, J TI Intraoperative anaphylaxis to bacitracin during pacemaker change and laser lead extraction SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION; SHOCK; SURGERY AB Background: Bacitracin is widely used in operating rooms to soak implants, irrigate compound fractures, and apply to surgical incisions. However, bacitracin is a known sensitizer and causes not only allergic contact dermatitis but also anaphylaxis. Objective: To describe a 72-year-old woman with anaphylaxis after irrigation and packing of an infected pacemaker pocket with a bacitracin solution. Methods: Skin prick testing to bacitracin and latex; serum tryptase, serum histamine, serum I-E to latex, and serial cardiac enzyme measurements; blood cultures, transthoracic echocardiograms, and venograms were performed to characterize the reaction. Results: Six hours after the anaphylactic event, the patient had an elevated serum tryptase level of 49 ng/mL (reference range, 2-10 ng/mL), which normalized the next morning. She had immediate-type skin prick test reactions to full-strength bacitracin ointment (500 U/g) and bacitracin solution (150 U/mL). Serum IgE level to latex was undetectable, and results of skin testing to latex were negative. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of anaphylaxis to bacitracin during pacemaker surgery. This case illustrates that intraoperative anaphylaxis to bacitracin can be life-threatening. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Freiler, JF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 759th MDOS,MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM John.Frelier@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 975YK UT WOS:000232699800016 PM 16279570 ER PT J AU Whittemore, DE Grondahl, RE Wong, K AF Whittemore, DE Grondahl, RE Wong, K TI Primary extraneural myxopapillary ependymoma of the broad ligament SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMORS AB Primary extraneural ependymomas are rare tumors that arise in ectopic sites, including pulmonary, sacrococcygeal region, ovarian, and paraovarian tissues. Four such ependymomas reported in the literature involve the paraovarian tissues, including 2 broad ligament ependymomas. Here we describe a myxopapillary ependymoma of the broad ligament in a 22-year-old woman, which may be the first tumor of this type to be reported in this location. Cytology, histology, cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry ploidy analysis are studied and described. Identification of perivascular ependymal rosettes, ependymal canals, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, cytochemical staining of blepharoplasts or terminal bars by phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, and presence of multiple foci of myxoid degeneration among the ependymal rosettes characterized a myxopapillary ependymoma. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Whittemore, DE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM whittemore@bluebirdcom.net NR 12 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 129 IS 10 BP 1338 EP 1342 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 970RU UT WOS:000232328100024 PM 16196528 ER PT J AU Peterson, D AF Peterson, D TI Associated graphs of p-dimensional (0,1)-matrices SO ARS COMBINATORIA LA English DT Article DE (0,1)-matrix; clique graph; gridline graph; vertex coloring AB The associated graph of a (0, 1)-matrix has as its vertex set the lines of the matrix with vertices adjacent whenever their lines intersect at a 1. This association relates the (0,1)-matrix and bipartite graph versions of the Konig-Egervary Theorem. We extend this graph association to higher dimensional matrices. We characterize these graphs, modulo isolated vertices, using a coloring in which every path between each pair of vertices contains the same two colors. We rely on previous results about p-dimensional gridline graphs, where vertices are 1's in a higher dimensional matrix and vertices are adjacent whenever they are on a common line. Also important is the dual property that the doubly iterated clique graph of a diamond- and simplicial vertex-free graph is isomorphic to the original. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, HQ USAFA, DFMS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peterson, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, HQ USAFA, DFMS, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6D2A, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Dale.Peterson@usafa.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHARLES BABBAGE RES CTR PI WINNIPEG PA PO BOX 272 ST NORBERT POSTAL STATION, WINNIPEG, MB R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0381-7032 J9 ARS COMBINATORIA JI ARS Comb. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 77 BP 143 EP 160 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 988MH UT WOS:000233604800013 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Sloan, GC Wood, PR Price, SD Egan, MP AF Kraemer, KE Sloan, GC Wood, PR Price, SD Egan, MP TI R crb candidates in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Observations of cold, featureless dust with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; Magellanic Clouds; stars : variables : other ID CORONAE-BOREALIS STARS; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MICRON SPECTRA; PHOTOMETRY; INVENTORY; GRAINS AB We observed 36 evolved stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using the low-resolution mode of the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Two of these stars, MSX SMC 014 and 155, have nearly featureless spectral energy distributions over the IRS wavelength range (5.2 - 35 mu m) and F-v peaking at similar to 8 - 9 mu m. The data can be fit by sets of amorphous carbon shells or by single 600 - 700 K blackbodies. The most similar spectra found in extant spectral databases are of R CrB, although the spectral structure seen in R CrB and similar stars is much weaker or absent in the SMC sources. Both SMC stars show variability in the near-infrared. Ground-based visual spectra confirm that MSX SMC 155 is carbon-rich, as expected for R CrB (RCB) stars, and coincides with an object previously identified as an RCB candidate. The temperature of the underlying star is lower for MSX SMC 155 than for typical RCB stars. The strength of the C-2 Swan bands and the low temperature suggest that it may be a rare DY Per-type star, only the fifth such identified. MSX SMC 014 represents a new RCB candidate in the SMC, bringing the number of RCB candidates in the SMC to six. It is the first RCB candidate discovered with Spitzer and the first identified by its infrared spectral characteristics rather than its visual variability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; sloan@astro.cornell.edu; wood@mso.anu.edu.au; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; michael.egan@osd.mil OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 631 IS 2 BP L147 EP L150 DI 10.1086/497427 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 971EX UT WOS:000232365700012 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, JR TI Letter to the editor concerning Lai's letter on "Radial arm maze performance of rats following repeated low level microwave radiation exposure" [Bioelectromagnetics 25 : 49-57 (2004)] SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM James.Jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 7 BP 525 EP 525 DI 10.1002/bem.20163 PG 1 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 970QR UT WOS:000232325200001 ER PT J AU Baher, S Fuis, G Sliter, R Normark, WR AF Baher, S Fuis, G Sliter, R Normark, WR TI Upper-crustal structure of the vilner continental borderland near Long Beach, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PALOS-VERDES FAULT; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CORE COMPLEX; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; ROTATIONS; EVOLUTION AB A new P-wave velocity/structural model for the inner Continental Borderland (ICB) region was developed for the area near Long Beach, California. It combines controlled-source seismic reflection and refraction data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), multichannel seismic reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (1998-2000), and nearshore borehole stratigraphy. Based on lateral velocity contrasts and stratigraphic variation determined from borehole data, we are able to locate major faults such as the Cabrillo, Palos Verdes, THUMS-Huntington Beach, and Newport Inglewood fault zones, along with minor faults such as the slope fault, Avalon knoll, and several other yet unnamed faults. Catalog seismicity (1975-2002) plotted on our preferred velocity/structural model shows recent seismicity is located on 16 out of our 24 faults, providing evidence for continuing concern with respect to the existing seismic-hazard estimates. Forward modeling of P-wave arrival times on the LARSE line 1 resulted in a four-layer model that better resolves the stratigraphy and geologic structures of the ICB and also provides tighter constraints on the upper-crustal velocity structure than previous modeling of the LARSE data. There is a correlation between the structural horizons identified in the reflection data with the velocity interfaces determined from forward modeling of refraction data. The strongest correlation is between the base of velocity layer 1 of the refraction model and the base of the planar sediment beneath the shelf and slope determined by the reflection model. Layers 2 and 3 of the velocity model loosely correlate with the diffractive crust layer, locally interpreted as Catalina Schist. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USAF, Tech Applicat Ctr, Cocoa, FL USA. RP Baher, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sbaher@aftac.gov OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1957 EP 1969 DI 10.1785/0120040051 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 978IY UT WOS:000232868000028 ER PT J AU Burgi, A Brodine, S Wegner, S Milazzo, M Wallace, MR Spooner, K Blazes, DL Agan, BK Armstrong, A Fraser, S Crum, NF AF Burgi, A Brodine, S Wegner, S Milazzo, M Wallace, MR Spooner, K Blazes, DL Agan, BK Armstrong, A Fraser, S Crum, NF TI Incidence and risk factors for the occurrence of non-AIDS-defining cancers among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE human immunodeficiency virus; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; malignancies; military; risk factors ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HIV; MALIGNANCIES; TRENDS; NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA; PEOPLE; DEATH; CELLS AB BACKGROUND. The objective of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. METHODS. The authors conducted a retrospective study of 4144 HIV-infected individuals who had 26,916 person-years of follow-up and who had open access to medical care at I of the United States military HIV clinics during the years 1988-2003. Cancer incidence rates were race specific and were adjusted for age; these were compared with national rates using logistic regression to assess predictors of NADC development. RESULTS. One hundred thirty-three NADCs were diagnosed with a rate of 980 diagnoses per 100,000 person-years. The most frequent NADCs were skin carcinomas (basal cell and squamous cell), Hodgkin disease, and anal carcinoma. The results showed that there were higher rates of melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease among the HIV-infected cohort compared with age-adjusted rates for the general United States population. Predictors of NADCs included age older than 40 years (odds ratio [OR], 12.2; P < 0.001), Caucasian/non-Hispanic race (OR, 2.1; P < 0.001), longer duration of HIV infection (OR, 1.2; P < 0.001), and a history of opportunistic infection (OR, 2.5; P < 0.001). The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was associated with lower rates of NAT)Cs (OR, 0.21; P < 0.001). A low CD4 nadir or CD4 count at diagnosis (< 200 cells/mL) was not predictive of NADCs. CONCLUSIONS. The most frequent NADCs were primary skin malignancies. Melanoma, basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and Hodgkin disease occurred at higher rates among HIV-infected individuals. The implementation of screening programs for these malignancies should be considered. Most risk factors for the development of NADCs are nonmodifiable; however, the use of HAART appeared to be beneficial in protecting against the development of malignant disease. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Mil, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Portsmouth, VA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 37 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1505 EP 1511 DI 10.1002/cncr.21334 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 966EA UT WOS:000232001200021 PM 16104038 ER PT J AU Marcum, SD Ganguly, BN AF Marcum, SD Ganguly, BN TI Electric-field-induced flame speed modification SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbon combustion; electric field; flame speed ID THIN-FILAMENT-PYROMETRY; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; COMBUSTION AB The effects of pulsed and continuous DC electric fields on the reaction zones of premixed propane-air flames have been investigated using several types of experimental measurements. All observed effects on the flame are dependent on the applied voltage polarity, indicating that negatively charged flame species do not play a role in the perturbation of the reaction zone. Experiments designed to characterize the electric-field-induced modifications of the shape and size of the inner cone, and the concomitant changes in the temperature profiles of flames with equivalence ratios between 0.8 and 1.7, are also reported. High-speed two-dimensional imaging of the flame response to a pulsed DC voltage shows that the unperturbed conical flame front (laminar flow) is driven into a wrinkled laminar flamelet (cellular) geometry on a time scale of the order of 5 ms. Temperature distributions derived from thin filament pyrometry (TFP) measurements in flames perturbed by continuous DC fields show similar large changes in the reaction zone geometry, with no change in maximum flame temperature. All measurements are consistent with the observed flame perturbations being a fluid mechanical response to the applied field brought about by forcing positive flame ions counter to the flow. The resulting electric pressure decreases Lewis numbers of the ionic species and drives the effective flame Lewis number below unity. The observed increases in flame speed and the flame fronts trend toward turbulence can be described in terms of the flame front wrinkling and concomitant increase in reaction sheet area. This effect is a potentially attractive means of controlling flame fluid mechanical characteristics. The observed effects require minimal input electrical power (< I W for a I kW burner) due to the much better electric field coupling achieved in the present experiments compared to the previous studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2005 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.04.008 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 974BH UT WOS:000232565800003 ER PT J AU Noel, JB Bauer, KW Lanning, JW AF Noel, JB Bauer, KW Lanning, JW TI Improving pilot mental workload classification through feature exploitation and combination: a feasibility study SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; backpropagation; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); pilot workload; mental workload; feature exploitation; feature identification and classification; feature combination; feature calibration; feature space; feature saliency ID EEG AB Predicting high pilot mental workload is important to the United States Air Force because lives and aircraft have been lost due to errors made during periods of flight associated with mental overload and task saturation. Current research efforts use psychophysiological measures such as electroencephalography (EEG), cardiac, ocular, and respiration measures in an attempt to identify and predict mental workload levels. Existing classification methods successfully classify pilot mental workload using flight data for a single pilot on a given day, but are unsuccessful across different pilots and/or days. We demonstrate a small subset of combined and calibrated psychophysiological features collected from a single pilot on a given day that accurately classifies mental workload for a separate pilot on a different day. We achieve classification accuracy (CA) improvements over previous classifiers exceeding 80% while using significantly fewer features and dramatically reducing the CA variance. Without the need for EEG data, our feature combination and calibration scheme also radically reduces the raw data collection requirements, making data collection immensely easier to manage and spectacularly reducing computational processing requirements. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bauer, KW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kenneth.Bauer@afit.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2713 EP 2730 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2004.03.022 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 914EJ UT WOS:000228207700014 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Sumption, MD Rhoads, GL AF Barnes, PN Sumption, MD Rhoads, GL TI Review of high power density superconducting generators: Present state and prospects for incorporating YBCO windings SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Review DE high T-c; superconductors; YBCO coated conductor; rotating electric machinery; superconducting generators; superconducting tapes ID COATED CONDUCTORS; RECENT PROGRESS; AC LOSSES; ELECTRICAL TESTS; PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; TAPES; FILMS; ENHANCEMENT AB This work focuses on the development of high power density generators for airborne applications by bridging the chasm between generator and high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire developmental efforts. Benefits of HTS power generation include improved efficiency, thermal management reduction, improved power handling, reduced life cycle costs, and size and weight reduction. Superconducting generator development from the 1970s is outlined, and the basic types of ac synchronous generators are described. The benefits of HTS conductors in general and HTS coated conductors in particular are discussed. Critical issues for the employment of HTS coated conductors are then considered and recommendations made for enhancements to the HTS coated conductor for implementation in the more advanced superconducting power generators. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Bldg 450,2645 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpaft.af.mil RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 84 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 45 IS 10-11 BP 670 EP 686 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.09.001 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 989VM UT WOS:000233702100004 ER PT J AU Geri, GA Winterbottom, MD AF Geri, GA Winterbottom, MD TI Effect of display resolution and antialiasing on the discrimination of simulated-aircraft orientation SO DISPLAYS LA English DT Article DE spatial resolution; orientation-discrimination; antialiasing; CRT displays AB In Experiment 1, antialiasing was found to improve performance on an orientation-discrimination task, whereas increasing display pixel-count did not. The latter finding was attributed to a decrease in image contrast associated with driving the CRT beyond its effective bandwidth. In Experiment 2, it was found that display resolution is the primary determinant of orientation-discrimination performance. This performance was not significantly improved by increasing antialiasing beyond a minimal level, suggesting that greater image detail can be substituted for antialias filtering. Finally, data obtained from an objective target-size calibration showed that nominal target size often does not accurately reflect the size (and hence distance) of simulated targets. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Geri, GA (reprint author), Link Simulat & Training, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM george.geri@mesa.afmc.af.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-9382 J9 DISPLAYS JI Displays PD OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4-5 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.displa.2005.06.003 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA 980YJ UT WOS:000233053800004 ER PT J AU Kirawanich, P Kranthi, N Islam, NE Yakura, SJ AF Kirawanich, P Kranthi, N Islam, NE Yakura, SJ TI Electromagnetic topology-based analysis of coupling through small aperture on cables of communication systems SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic topology; system interaction; CRIPTE network simulation ID EMP; AIRCRAFT; FIELD AB The interactions and coupling between an external source and the cables of a digital communication system through a small aperture have been analyzed through the electromagnetic topology technique for simulations. Using an alternate approach to transfer function generation in the state-of-the-art topological code and by utilizing experimentally determined S-parameters of a cable network linked to personal computers, the response of the cables to lightning and electromagnetic pulses has been studied. The simulation results show that external fields on the cable current depend strongly on cable lengths, locations, and terminating impedances. Analysis also shows that damage to cables or soft errors on data transmission is more pronounced at high-frequency electromagnetic pulses, compared to lightning. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kirawanichp@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6343 J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 589 EP 602 DI 10.1080/02726340500214837 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 981ZQ UT WOS:000233126900002 ER PT J AU Li, YY Roberts, WL Brown, MS Gord, JR AF Li, YY Roberts, WL Brown, MS Gord, JR TI Acoustic damping rate measurements in binary mixtures of atomic species via transient-grating spectroscopy SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE transient-grating spectroscopy; acoustic dissipation; optical diagnostics; laser-induced thermal acoustics ID SOUND-ABSORPTION; SIGNALS; GASES AB The objective of this work is to investigate the ability of transient-grating spectroscopy (TGS) to measure accurately the acoustic damping rate by analyzing the temporal behavior of laser-induced gratings. Experiments are performed in a binary gaseous mixture, with a trace amount of NO2, as a function of both composition and pressure. Measured and theoretically calculated acoustic damping rates are compared using both a classical model and a more comprehensive model that included additional diffusive mechanisms. The TGS technique demonstrated here provides a nearly instantaneous measurement with reasonably high spatial resolution. The experimental data agree well with theoretical predictions. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, WL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wlrobert@eos.ncsu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1007/s00348-005-1012-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 992VW UT WOS:000233913100005 ER PT J AU Thach, DC Agan, BK Olsen, C Diao, J Lin, B Gomez, J Jesse, M Jenkins, M Rowley, R Hanson, E Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Walter, E AF Thach, DC Agan, BK Olsen, C Diao, J Lin, B Gomez, J Jesse, M Jenkins, M Rowley, R Hanson, E Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Walter, E CA EOS TI Surveillance of transcriptomes in basic military trainees with normal, febrile respiratory illness, and convalescent phenotypes SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE transcriptome; surveillance; infection phenotypes ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; DISEASE; BLOOD; MODEL AB Gene expression profiles permit analysis of host immune response at the transcriptome level. We used the Pax gene Blood RNA (PAX) System and Affymetrix microarrays (HG-U133A&B) to survey profiles in basic military trainees and to classify them as healthy, febrile respiratory illness (FRI) without adenovirus, FRI with adenovirus, and convalescent from FRI with adenovirus. We assessed quality metrics of RNA processing for microarrays. Class prediction analysis discovered nested sets of transcripts that could categorize the phenotypes with optimized accuracy of 99% (nonfebrile vs febrile, P < 0.0005), 87% (healthy vs convalescent, P=0.001), and 91% (febrile without vs with adenovirus, P < 0.0005). The discovered set for classification of nonfebrile vs febrile patients consisted of 40 transcripts with functions related to interferon induced genes, complement cascades, and TNF and IL1 signaling. The set of seven transcripts for distinguishing healthy vs convalescent individuals included those associated with ribosomal structure, humoral immunity, and cell adhesion. The set of 10 transcripts for distinguishing FRI without vs with adenovirus had functions related to interferon induced genes, IL1 receptor accessory protein, and cell interactions. These results are the first in vivo demonstration of classification of infectious diseases via host signature transcripts and move us towards using the transcriptome in biosurveillance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, San Antonio, TX USA. Spin Syst Inc, Sterling, VA USA. USAF, SGR, HQ, Falls Church, VA USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Coll Stn, TX USA. RP Thach, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook ave,SW Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dthach@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 6 IS 7 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6364244 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 978OB UT WOS:000232881800005 PM 16034474 ER PT J AU Devine, JW Farley, JF Hadsall, RS AF Devine, JW Farley, JF Hadsall, RS TI Patterns and predictors of prescription medication use in the management of headache: Findings from the 2000 medical expenditure panel survey SO HEADACHE LA English DT Article DE headache; migraine; prescription medication ID UNITED-STATES; RACIAL DISPARITIES; AMERICAN MIGRAINE; CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH-CARE; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DISABILITY AB Objective.-The primary objectives were to examine national trends of prescription medication use for headache and explore patterns of variation in the use of these medications across social and demographic levels. Background.-Despite widespread use of prescription medication for management of headache, little is known about utilization patterns or patient characteristics associated with receiving this type of treatment. Methods.-This study conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained during the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a representative survey of the U.S. noninstitutionalized population. Weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to evaluate patterns and rates of overall prescription medication use in patients reporting headache as a household condition. Results.-An estimated 9.7 million people 18 years or older reported suffering from headache in 2000. Of these, 46% reported using at least one medication for the treatment of headache. Migraine-specific abortive medication (ie, selective serotonin receptor agonists and ergotamine derivatives) was the most frequently reported medication class, used by 36% of participants. Opiate analgesics and butalbital-containing products also experienced extensive prescribing reported by 22% and 17% of survey respondents, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, wide variation in the use of prescription medication was observed across sociodemographic characteristics including age, ethnicity, and insurance status. Conclusion.-The observed variation in prescription medication use by drug class and sociodemographic characteristics suggests strategies are needed for improving current prescribing patterns in this patient population. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Social & Adm Grad Program, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Allied Hlth Programs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Devine, JW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Social & Adm Pharm Grad Program, 7-170 Weaver Densford Hall,308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-8748 J9 HEADACHE JI Headache PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1171 EP 1180 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00240.x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 964EZ UT WOS:000231862900008 PM 16178947 ER PT J AU Kent, B AF Kent, B TI AMTA Corner SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SNS, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent, B (reprint author), SNS, AFRL, Bldg 254,2591 K St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brian.kent@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 47 IS 5 BP 235 EP 236 DI 10.1109/MAP.2005.1599216 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 012EP UT WOS:000235321300022 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS Farr, EG Lawry, DI AF Tyo, JS Farr, EG Lawry, DI TI Effect of defocus on the prompt response of a reflector IRA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE impulse radiating antennas (IRAs); physical optics; time-domain electromagnetics; ultrawide-band (UWB) antennas; UWB electromagnetics ID IMPULSE RADIATING ANTENNAS; TIME-DOMAIN; FEED AB Impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) are an emerging class of antenna that are designed to radiate extremely short electromagnetic pulses with multiple decades of instantaneous bandwidth. The most common IRAs are made with a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission line feeding a paraboloidal reflector. The IRA is usually constructed so that the electrical feed point of the TEM transmission line coincides with the focal point of the paraboloid. The paraboloidal reflector converts the spherical wave emanating from the feed point into a plane wave (i.e., a spherical wave centered at -infinity). In many practical cases, the feed point and focal points are not exactly aligned, producing some defocus of the reflector. In this paper, we model the case of hyperbolic defocus because of its analytic form and compare this model with experimental measurements. A hyperboloidal reflector fed from one focus converts the expanding spherical wave into a second expanding wave which appears to emanate from the second focal point of the hyperboloid (which is behind the reflector). Hyperboloidal defocus is roughly equivalent to moving the electrical feed closer to the reflector than the optical focal point. Previous theoretical results from in-focus IRAs predicted that the E- and H-plane temporal responses should be symmetric with respect to the temporal center of the response. The results shown here demonstrate that the defocusing causes these responses to become asymmetric. The new results are in better agreement with experimental measurements of IRAs and provide a physical explanation for experimental results that differ from the original theory. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Farr Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tyo@ieee.org; efarr@farr-research.com; dean.lawry@kirtland.af.mil NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 10 BP 3247 EP 3254 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.856322 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 973CV UT WOS:000232501400017 ER PT J AU Samn, SW AF Samn, SW TI Modeling dispersive dielectric media in FDTD: A systematic approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE dispersive dielectrics; electromagnetic propagation; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods ID BOUNDARY AB Two popular and distinct methods to model dispersive dielectric media in finite-difference time domain are the piecewise linear recursive convolution approach and the auxiliary differential equation approach. As they are used to model the same phenomenon and address the same equations, it is reasonable to think there is a close connection between the two. As a result of exploring this connection, we propose a new approach that can be seen as an extension of the two methods and thus, to some extent, serves to unify the two. In addition, the new approach has the advantages of being 1) more systematic-allowing the treatment of different types of dispersive dielectric media in the same manner-and 2) less ad hoc-the so-called recursive accumulators can be identified naturally and automatically. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEX, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Samn, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEX, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM Sherwood.samn@brooks.af.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 10 BP 3367 EP 3373 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.856318 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 973CV UT WOS:000232501400032 ER PT J AU Bradley, CJ Collins, PJ Fortuny-Guasch, J Hastriter, ML Nesti, G Terzuoli, AJ Wilson, KS AF Bradley, CJ Collins, PJ Fortuny-Guasch, J Hastriter, ML Nesti, G Terzuoli, AJ Wilson, KS TI An investigation of bistatic calibration objects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE bistatic; calibration; radar cross section (RCS); scattering AB Several popular metallic bistatic calibration objects are investigated, including a sphere, long and short cylinders, dihedral, trihedral, circular disk and wire mesh. Comparisons are made between the advantages and disadvantages of various objects for calibration. The analysis addresses sensitivity to object alignment error, availability of accurate radar cross section (RCS) calculations and bistatic RCS levels. Both theoretical concepts and practical considerations are discussed based on measurements accomplished at the European Microwave Signature Laboratory (EMSL) of the EC Joint Research Center (JRC) in Ispra, Italy. This facility has the capability to produce far-field fully polarimetric precision bistatic measurements in a 30 cm diameter quiet zone, suitable for comparing different calibration objects. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Bradley, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cbradley@ieee.org; peter.collins@ieee.org; joaquim.fortuny@ieee.org; michael.hastriter@afit.edu; giuseppe.nesti@libero.it; a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org; kwilson@fulbright.com NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2177 EP 2184 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.855138 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 968WE UT WOS:000232192800002 ER PT J AU Bradley, CJ Collins, PJ Fortuny-Guasch, J Hastriter, ML Nesti, G Terzuoli, AJ Wilson, KS AF Bradley, CJ Collins, PJ Fortuny-Guasch, J Hastriter, ML Nesti, G Terzuoli, AJ Wilson, KS TI An investigation of bistatic calibration techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE bistatic; calibration; measurement; radar AB Several popular bistatic calibration techniques are investigated and comparisons made between the relative merits of the various techniques. The analysis addresses sensitivity to object alignment error, sensitivity to polarization impurity, and ease of implementation. Both theoretical concepts and practical considerations are discussed based on measurements accomplished at the European Microwave Signature Laboratory of the European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy. This facility has the capability to produce far-field fully polarimetric precision bistatic measurements in a 30-cm-diameter quiet zone, suitable for comparing different calibration methods. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Bradley, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cbradley@ieee.org; peter.collins@ieee.org; joaquim.fortuny@ieee.org; michael.hastriter@afit.edu; giuseppe.nesti@libero.it; a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org; kwilson@fulbright.com NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2185 EP 2191 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.855130 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 968WE UT WOS:000232192800003 ER PT J AU Morath, CP Vaccaro, K Buchwald, W Clark, WR AF Morath, CP Vaccaro, K Buchwald, W Clark, WR TI Comparator-based measurement scheme for dark-count rates in single photon avalanche diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE dark count rate; Geiger-mode; photon counting; single photon avalanche detector (SPADs) ID MU-M; PHOTODIODES; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS; OPERATION AB III-V single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensitivity at wavelengths > 1 mu m typically comes at the expense of higher dark-count rates and afterpulsing compared to silicon SPADs. Regarding the measurement of dark-count rates, conventional counters are limited by the deadtime required to quell afterpulsing effects; this led to the adoption of time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). In this paper, a new technique for measuring the dark-count rates encountered in III-V SPADs using only a comparator and an averaging oscilloscope is reported. A detailed explanation of the technique is presented along with a semianalytical proof, simulation results comparing the technique's validity in comparison to TCSPC, and example measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Morath, CP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM christian.morath@hanscom.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 2020 EP 2026 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.853347 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 971AZ UT WOS:000232354800044 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Vanbleu, K Ding, M Ysebaert, G Milosevic, M Evans, BL Moonen, M Johnson, CR AF Martin, RK Vanbleu, K Ding, M Ysebaert, G Milosevic, M Evans, BL Moonen, M Johnson, CR TI Unification and evaluation of equalization structures and design algorithms for discrete multitone modulation systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE channel shortening; digital subscriber lines; multicarrier; time-domain equalization ID TIME-DOMAIN EQUALIZER; DMT-BASED SYSTEMS; DATA-TRANSMISSION; MULTICARRIER TRANSMISSION; TONE EQUALIZATION; TRANSCEIVERS; PERFORMANCE; FOURIER; BLIND; OFDM AB To case equalization in a multicarrier system, a cyclic prefix (CP) is typically inserted between successive symbols. When the channel order exceeds the CP length, equalization can be accomplished via a time-domain equalizer (TEQ), which is a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The TEQ is placed in cascade with the channel to produce an effective shortened impulse response. Alternatively, a bank of equalizers can remove the interference tone-by-tone. This paper presents a unified treatment of equalizer designs for multicarrier receivers, with an emphasis on discrete multitone systems. It is shown that almost all equalizer designs share a common mathematical framework based on the maximization of a product of generalized Rayleigh quotients. This framework is used to give an overview of existing designs (including an extensive literature survey), to apply a unified notation, and to present various common strategies to obtain a solution. Moreover, the unification emphasizes the differences between the methods, enabling a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, 16 different equalizer structures and design procedures are compared in terms of computational complexity and achievable bit rate using synthetic and measured data. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Broadcom UK Ltd, Mechelen, Belgium. Bandspeed Inc, Austin, TX 78746 USA. Alcatel Telecom, Antwerp, Belgium. Schlumberger Cambridge Res Ltd, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT, SCD, SISTA, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; koen.vanbleu@telenet.be; mding@bandspeed.com; geert.ysebaert@alcatel.be; mmilosevic@austin.rr.com; bevans@ece.utexas.edu; moonen@esat.kuleuven.ac.be; johnson@ece.cornell.edu RI Zhang, Wenjun/G-2958-2011 NR 80 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 10 BP 3880 EP 3894 DI 10.1109/TSP.2005.855432 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 966HY UT WOS:000232011900024 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Hill, CJ Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Trinh, JT Tidrow, MZ LeVan, PD AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Hill, CJ Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Trinh, JT Tidrow, MZ LeVan, PD TI Development of mid-wavelength and long-wavelength megapixel portable QWIP imaging cameras SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors CY AUG 09-12, 2004 CL Kananaskis, CANADA DE QWIPs; mid-wavelength infrared; long-wavelength infrared; megapixel; infrared imaging camera ID WELL INFRARED DETECTORS; NARROW-BAND; BROAD-BAND AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) megapixel quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane arrays have been demonstrated with excellent imaging performance. The MWIR detector array has shown noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of 17 mK at 95 K operating temperature with f/2.5 optics at 300 K background and the LWIR detector array has given NETD of 13 m K at 70 K operating temperature with the same optical and background conditions as the MWIR array. Two portable prototype infrared cameras were fabricated using these two focal planes. The MWIR and the LWIR prototype cameras with similar optics have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 90 K and 70 K operating temperatures respectively, at 300 K background. In this paper, we will discuss their performance in quantum efficiency, NETD, uniformity, and operability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Missile Defense Agcy AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. Kirtland AFB, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 302-306, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sarath.d.gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2005.02.012 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 968VJ UT WOS:000232190700011 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA TI Inhomogeneous laser cooling of AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum well and lattice thermal diffusion SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors CY AUG 09-12, 2004 CL Kananaskis, CANADA DE inhomogeneous laser cooling; semiconductor quantum well; phonon; thermal diffusion and energy-balance ID YB3+-DOPED GLASSES; REFRIGERATION; RADIATION; FIELD AB A four-step laser cooling model according to time sequence is proposed for AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum wells. The four steps are: (i) cold electrons are pumped coherently by a laser beam close to the edge of the conduction band; (ii) the photo-induced cold carriers are heated to higher energy levels via inelastic phonon scattering; (iii) the hot electrons spontaneously recombine with the hot holes, releasing photons that escape out of the system, thus subtracting from the quantum-well layer a power larger than that gained by the pumping process; (iv) phonons thermally diffuse from the barrier regions into the well region, thereby cooling the entire lattice structure. Based on this physical model, a quantum thermal-diffusion equation which includes the carrier-phonon energy exchange and the thermal radiation from environment as source terms is derived to determine the lattice temperature evolution. This gives rise to both temporal and spatial dependences of the lattice and carrier temperatures in the quantum-well structure. An energy balance equation is simultaneously derived to determine the carrier temperature adiabatically due to ultrafast carrier-phonon scattering for a given lattice temperature at any position and moment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2005.02.027 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 968VJ UT WOS:000232190700026 ER PT J AU Hutson, A Nicholas, T John, R AF Hutson, A Nicholas, T John, R TI Fretting fatigue crack analysis in Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE fretting fatigue; stress intensity; crack growth; titanium AB A study was conducted to verify the efficacy of a fracture mechanics methodology to model the crack growth behavior of fretting fatigue-nucleated cracks obtained under test conditions similar to those found in turbine engine blade attachments. Experiments were performed to produce cracked samples, and fretting fatigue crack propagation lives were calculated for each sample. Cracks were generated at 106 Cycles (10%-of-life) under applied stress conditions previously identified as the fretting fatigue limit conditions for a 107 cycle fatigue life. Resulting cracks, ranging in size from 30 to 1200 Inn, were identified and measured using scanning electron microscopy. Uniaxial fatigue limit stresses were determined experimentally for the fretting fatigue-cracked samples, using a step loading technique, for R=0.5 at 300 Hz. Fracture surfaces were inspected to characterize the fretting fatigue crack front indicated by heat tinting. The shape and size of the crack front were then used in calculating Delta Kth values for each crack. The resulting uniaxial fatigue limit and Delta Kth values compared favorably with the baseline fatigue strength (660 MPa) for this material and the Delta Kth value (2.9 MPa root m) for naturally initiated cracks tested at R=0.5 on a Kitagawa diagram. Crack propagation lives were calculated using stress results of FEM analysis of the contact conditions and a weight function method for determination of Delta K. Resulting lives were compared with the nine million-cycle propagation life that would have been expected in the experiments, if the contact conditions had not been removed. Scatter in the experimental results for fatigue limit stresses and fatigue lives had to be considered as part of an explanation why the fatigue life calculations were unable to match the experiments that were modeled. Analytical life prediction results for the case where propagation life is observed to be very short experimentally were most accurate when using a coefficient of friction, mu = 1.0, rather than for the calculations using mu = 0.3 (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hutson, A (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM alisha.hutson@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1582 EP 1589 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300055 ER PT J AU Morrissey, RJ Nicholas, T AF Morrissey, RJ Nicholas, T TI Fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V at very long lives SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE Ti-6Al-4V; high cycle fatigue; ultrasonic ID FREQUENCY AB The objective of this research was to investigate the fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V using an ultrasonic fatigue system. Fatigue testing up to 109 cycles under fully reversed loading was performed to determine the ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V. Endurance limit results were compared to similar data generated on conventional servohydraulic test systems and electromagnetic shaker systems to determine if there are any frequency effects. Fatigue specimens were tested with and without cooling air to determine the effects of increased specimen temperature caused by internal damping due to cycling at a very high frequency. An infrared camera was also used to record specimen temperatures at various load levels. Results indicate that the effects of frequency, including internal heating, on the very high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V are negligible under fully reversed loading conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morrissey, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ryan.morrissey@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1608 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.009 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300058 ER PT J AU Lanning, DB Nicholas, T Palazotto, A AF Lanning, DB Nicholas, T Palazotto, A TI The effect of notch geometry on critical distance high cycle fatigue predictions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE high cycle fatigue; notches; critical distance; Ti-6Al-4V ID CRACK-GROWTH; PART I AB A critical distance method for predicting the fatigue limit stresses of notched specimens was implemented for notched specimens with a wide range of notch dimensions. Circumferentially notched cylindrical specimens (k(t) = 1.97-4.07) taken from Ti-6Al-4V forged plate were cycled to failure (R = 0.1 and 0.5) using a step loading method for estimating the 106 cycle fatigue limit stresses. These experimental data were used in combination with finite element solutions for all specimen geometries to determine a 'critical distance', a quantity or parameter determined from the stress distribution surrounding the notch in combination with fatigue limit stress data from unnotched specimens. A unique parameter was not found for all of the specimen geometries. However, predictions for the fatigue limit stresses of the larger notch geometries may be made with some amount of accuracy using a single value of the critical distance parameter, while reasonable predictions for the specimens with the smallest notch dimensions may be made upon the recognition of an apparent size effect. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Coll Engn, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lanning, DB (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Coll Engn, 3700 Willow Creek Rd, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. EM lannind@erau.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1623 EP 1636 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.017 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300060 ER PT J AU Nicholas, T Thompson, SR Porter, WJ Buchanan, DJ AF Nicholas, T Thompson, SR Porter, WJ Buchanan, DJ TI Comparison of fatigue limit strength of Ti-6Al-4V in tension and torsion after real and simulated foreign object damage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE foreign object damage; impact; fatigue limit; residual stress; titanium ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; STRESSES AB Flat samples of Ti-6Al-4V forged plate material were subjected to ballistic impact from 3.18 mm diameter steel spheres at velocities of 200 or 300 m/s and subsequently fatigue tested in either tension or torsion to determine their fatigue limit strength corresponding to 106 cycles. Pendulum and quasi-static indentations were also produced at the same depths as the ballistic indents for comparison. Fatigue notch factors, k(f), were compared with FEM computed elastic stress concentration factors, k(t), at the appropriate locations where stresses were maximum. Factors contributing to the effect of the ballistic impact and pendulum and quasi-static indents included geometry of notch, residual stresses induced by the indentation procedure, microstructural damage, stress gradients away from notch hot spots, and possible strengthening mechanisms arising from local deformation at and near the impact site. Stress relief annealing was used to isolate the effects of residual stresses in half of the samples. Microstructural analysis was used to identify mechanisms of damage and fatigue initiation sites. Among the major findings, stress relieved specimens were generally found to have higher fatigue strengths than those not relieved, indicating that tensile residual stress fields were produced near the ultimate failure locations during the indenting process. Ballistic impact was found to be more damaging than either quasi-static or pendulum impacts. Finally, stress relieved specimens in several cases showed little or no reduction in fatigue strength, even when local values of k(t) were substantial, indicating some type of strengthening mechanism developed during indentation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM theodore.nicholas@afit.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1637 EP 1643 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300061 ER PT J AU Zilberstein, V Grundy, D Weiss, V Goldfine, N Abramovici, E Newman, J Yentzer, T AF Zilberstein, V Grundy, D Weiss, V Goldfine, N Abramovici, E Newman, J Yentzer, T TI Early detection and monitoring of fatigue in high strength steels with MWM-arrays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE fatigue; high-strength steel; fractography; cracks in shot peened regions AB Fatigue monitoring of cyclically loaded shot peened high-strength steel components can be accomplished via magnetic permeability measurements during laboratory tests or in service. These measurements can be performed either continuously using permanently mounted Meandering Winding Magnetometer Arrays (MWM (R)-Arrays) or intermittently with scanning MWM-Arrays. The results obtained to date suggest that MWM-Array permeability measurements can provide early detection of fatigue damage in steels before conventional methods can detect any changes. This has been demonstrated to be particularly significant in the presence of high compressive stresses introduced by shot peening. One of the fatigue tests was suspended when accelerating changes in local permeability were detected. Examination of the fatigue specimen in a scanning electron microscope detected only a few relatively small cracks, e.g. 50-200 mu m long at the surface. Fractography, however, revealed significantly longer cracks. For the same specimen, conventional eddy current and ultrasonic testing failed to provide any indications of cracks, and fluorescent liquid penetrant detected only an inconclusive spot indication. This paper provides a comparison of the permeability changes and fractography data with a fatigue crack growth curve based on a FASTRAN analysis accounting for residual stresses from shot peening. A comparison of the experimental data and crack growth analysis results suggested that MWM-Array magnetic permeability measurements may detect cracks in the compressive stress field when they are about 50 mu m deep. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 JENTEK Sensors Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. Bombardier Aerosp, Montreal, PQ H3C 3G9, Canada. Mississippi State Univ, Bagley Coll Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. ENFM, ALC, ER, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP JENTEK Sensors Inc, 110-1 Clematis Ave, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM jentek@shore.net NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1644 EP 1652 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.028 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300062 ER PT J AU Holmes, AM Wang, X Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW AF Holmes, AM Wang, X Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW TI Vertical gradient freezing using submerged heater growth with rotation and with weak magnetic and electric fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CONVECTION AB Investigations for the melt growth gallium-antimonide (GaSb) semiconductor crystals are underway at the US Air Force Research Laboratory,at Hanscom Air Force Base by the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) method utilizing a submerged heater, Electromagnetic stirring can be induced in the gallium-antimonide melt just above the crystal growth interface by applying a weak radial electric current in the melt together with a weak axial magnetic field. A force convection in the melt can be induced by rotating the heater. This paper uses a Chebyshev spectral collocation method and investigates the effects of heater rotation and electromagnetic stirring on the melt motion during the VGF process using a submerged heater, clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of the heater augment and opposes the flow induced by the electromagnetic stirring, respectively. The radial velocity along the crystal melt interface is proportional to both the strength of the electromagnetic stirring and the clockwise rotation of the heater. A relatively low rotation rate in the clockwise direction significantly increases this radial velocity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ma, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nancy_ma@ncsu.edu NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 792 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2005.02.001 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 964NT UT WOS:000231888500010 ER PT J AU Yun, HC Grayson, D True, D AF Yun, HC Grayson, D True, D TI Vertebral anomalies associated with Goldenhar syndrome SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Yun, HC (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,MMII, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM heather.yun@LACKLAND.AF.MIL NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1097/01.rhu.0000182198.71120.9f PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 973VA UT WOS:000232549500010 PM 16357779 ER PT J AU Merfeld, G Mordhorst, S Koeniger, R Acar, AE Molaison, C Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T AF Merfeld, G Mordhorst, S Koeniger, R Acar, AE Molaison, C Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T TI Development of low temperature curing, 120 degrees C, durable, corrosion protection powder coatings for temperature sensitive substrates SO JCT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual International Waterborne, High-Solids and Power Coatings Symposium CY 2004 CL New Orleans, IA DE differential scanning calorimetry; catalysis; corrosion; corrosion protection; powder; aluminum; low temperature cure ID BLOCKED ISOCYANATES-III; PART AB Commercial low temperature cure powder coatings, including candidates representative of all the major coating chemistries, were evaluated. Nearly all failed to adequately react at a cure schedule of 120 degrees C for 30 min, and none, even when prepared at their manufacturer's lowest recommended cure conditions, met the stringent performance needs for temperature-sensitive military applications. Initial research is presented toward developing low temperature cure powder coatings that simultaneously meet all performance requirements at this target cure schedule. Using commercial resins, corrosion inhibitors, and catalysts,. this research effort has closed gaps in low temperature cure coating performance and has helped to identify critical deficiencies. This study establishes direction for future developments in new resin and catalyst technologies. C1 GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. Crosslink Powder Coatings Inc, Clearwater, FL USA. Honeywell Dept Energy, Kansas City, MO USA. NavAir, Patuxent River, MD USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merfeld, G (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Cir,Bldg K1,Room 4B37, Niskayuna, NY USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422-2350 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 JCT RES JI JCT Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1007/BF02774595 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 977DG UT WOS:000232782000009 ER PT J AU Byreddy, C Grandhi, RV Beran, P AF Byreddy, C Grandhi, RV Beran, P TI Dynamic aeroelastic instabilities of an aircraft wing with underwing store in transonic regime SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aeroelasticity; aircraft; aerospace industry ID CONFIGURATIONS AB The research used the transonic small disturbance theory to better understand the dynamic acroclastic phenomena and factors that affect the onset of flutter and store induced limit-cycle oscillations (LCO) in the transonic regime, Several parametric studies of the flutter and LCO of an aircraft wing with underwing store in the transonic regime were conducted, as Well as an investigation of the effect of inclusion of store aerodynamics on the onset of flutter. The flutter sensitivity was analyzed for the following store parameters: (1) location of underwing store center of gravity with respect to aerodynamic root chord, (2) location of underwing store along the span of the wings and (3) underwing clearance (pylon length). The parametric studies indicated that its the store center of gravity is moved fore of the elastic axis, the flutter velocity of the wing increased. Also, as the store is moved towards the aerodynamic tip chord, the flutter velocity of the wing decreased. The research work also concluded that as the underwing clearance is increased, the flutter velocity of the wing decreased. In addition to these results, it also helped in understanding that addition of store aerodynamics had no significant influence on the flutter velocity of the wing. Also, studies were conducted to identify the onset of LCO for different configurations of underwing store and flight regimes (unmatched analysis), thereby identifying the parameters that induce LCO. The sensitive parameters that affect flutter and LCO are identified. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, MultiDisciplinary Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Byreddy, C (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM cbyreddy@cs.wright.edu; rgrandhi@cs.wright.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2005)18:4(206) PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 967HS UT WOS:000232082900002 ER PT J AU Wyman, JF Cody, JT AF Wyman, JF Cody, JT TI Determination of I-methamphetamine: A case history SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; METABOLIC PROFILE; AMPHETAMINE; SELEGILINE; DESMETHYLSELEGILINE; FAMPROFAZONE; INHALERS; PLASMA C1 Franklin Cty Coroners Off, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USAF, Drug Testing Lab, Inst Occupat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Wyman, JF (reprint author), Franklin Cty Coroners Off, 520 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM jfwyman@franklincountyohio.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 7 BP 759 EP 761 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 976XE UT WOS:000232766100030 PM 16419415 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Wang, B Bos, PJ McManamon, PF Pouch, JJ Miranda, FA Anderson, JE AF Wang, XH Wang, B Bos, PJ McManamon, PF Pouch, JJ Miranda, FA Anderson, JE TI Modeling and design of an optimized liquid-crystal optical phased array SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRATINGS AB In this paper, the physics that determines the performance limits of a diffractive optical element based on a liquid-crystal (LC) optical phased array (OPA) is investigated by numerical modeling. The influence of the fringing electric fields, the LC material properties, and the voltage optimization process is discussed. General design issues related to the LC OPA configuration, the diffraction angle, and the diffraction efficiency are discussed. A design for a wide-angle LC OPA is proposed for high-efficiency laser beam steering. This work provides fundamental understanding for a light beam deflected by a diffractive liquid-crystal device. C1 Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45424 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Hana Microdisplay Technol Inc, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. RP Bos, PJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM pbos@lci.kent.edu NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 7 AR 073101 DI 10.1063/1.2071450 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 973YJ UT WOS:000232558200001 ER PT J AU Tiba, A Charlton, DG Vandewalle, KS Ragain, JC AF Tiba, A Charlton, DG Vandewalle, KS Ragain, JC TI Comparison of two video-imaging instruments for measuring volumetric shrinkage of dental resin composites SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE polymerization; shrinkage; video-imaging; comparison; composites; resin ID MEASURING POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CURING CONTRACTION; STRAIN; FILLER; DILATOMETER; STRESS; CONFIGURATION; ELASTICITY AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the polymerization shrinkage of three dental resin composites using two commercially available video-imaging devices to determine if the devices produced equivalent results. Methods: Small, semi-spherical specimens of a microhybrid (Venus), microfill (Filtek A110), and flowable (Esthet center dot X Flow) resin composite were manually formed and tight activated for 40 s using a light-curing unit. The volumetric polymerization shrinkage of fifteen specimens of each brand of resin composite was measured using the AcuVol and the Drop Shape Analysis System model DSA10 Mk2 (DSAS) video-imaging devices. Mean volumetric shrinkage values were calculated for each resin composite and equivalence was evaluated using the two one-sided tests approach. Differences between the means that were less than approximately 5% of the observed shrinkage were considered indicative of clinical equivalence. Results: Mean volumetric shrinkage values measured for the resin composites were: Venus (AcuVol, 3.07 +/- 0.07%; DSAS, 2.90 +/- 0.07%); Filtek A110 (AcuVol, 2.26 +/- 0.10%; DSAS, 2.25 +/- 0.09%); and Esthet center dot X Flow (AcuVol, 5.01 +/- 0.17%; DSAS, 5.14 +/- 0.11 %). Statistical analysis revealed that the two imaging devices produced equivalent results for Filtek A110 and Esthet center dot X Flow but not for Venus. Conclusions: Video-imaging systems provide an easy method for measuring volumetric shrinkage of resin composites. As with other methods for measuring volumetric shrinkage, however, they are best used to comparatively measure different materials within the same laboratory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci Dept, Great Lakes, IL USA. USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. Recruit Training Command, Recruit Treatment Branch Dent Clin, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci Dept, 310A B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL USA. EM dgcharlton@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 44 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-5712 J9 J DENT JI J. Dent. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 9 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.02.004 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 977QD UT WOS:000232817400007 PM 16199284 ER PT J AU Van Nostrand, JE Albrecht, JD Cortez, R Leedy, KD Johnson, B O'Keefe, MJ AF Van Nostrand, JE Albrecht, JD Cortez, R Leedy, KD Johnson, B O'Keefe, MJ TI Growth of II-IV-V-2 chalcopyrite nitrides by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chalcopyrite nitrides; epitaxy; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ZNGEN2; FILMS; BAND; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFUSION; MGSIN2 AB Synthesis of crystalline MgGeN2 thin solid films is achieved using the technique of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The details of the epitaxial process are described. The microstructures of these films are investigated by both x-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Comparison of the lattice structure with powder diffraction standards suggests the lattice structure may be orthorhombic with a high degree of texture. Morphology is evaluated by atomic force microscopy, and a periodic pattern of growth mounds is observed. A formalism for dynamical roughening is applied to quantify the mounded surface features. Mounds are found to have an average spacing of 235 nm, and the surface exhibits a saturation value of 22 nm for the root mean correlated height difference. Diffusion bias is discussed as a mechanism for the formation of surface mounds. C1 Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Met Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Van Nostrand, JE (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.vannostrand@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1349 EP 1356 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0261-8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 972ME UT WOS:000232457100012 ER PT J AU Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH Kim, NE AF Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH Kim, NE TI Sensitivity of tuned bladed disk response to frequency veering SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID MODE LOCALIZATION; FORCED RESPONSE; DYNAMICS AB A continuous method is presented for representing the mode interaction that occurs in frequency veering in terms of the nominal sector modes of a cyclic symmetric bladed disk model constrained at a reference interblade phase angle. Using this method, the effect of frequency veering on the mode shapes can be considered in the context of the generalized forces exciting the system and the modal response of the bladed disk. It is shown that in a blade-dominated family of modes, the transfer of modal energy to the disk in the veering results in a lower generalized force exciting the mode as well as reduced response amplitude in the blade. For the disk-dominated modes, the sharing of modal energy with the blades can lead to the disk being excited by aerodynamic loading. These effects can have important implications for predicting and interpreting forced response in bladed disks. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate these concepts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Hood Technol, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. RP Kenyon, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.kenyon@wpafb.af.mil; jg9h@Andrew.cmu.edu; nek@hoodtach.com NR 21 TC 13 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1115/1.1924486 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 974HZ UT WOS:000232583500016 ER PT J AU Hall, RB AF Hall, RB TI A thermodynamic framework for viscoplasticity based on overstress (VBO) SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE entropy; dissipation; VBO; viscoplasticity; caratheodory ID DEFORMATION; RELAXATION AB A thermodynamic framework is presented for the theory of Viscoplasticity Based on Overstress (VBO) developed by Krempl and co-workers (Krempl, E., and Ho, K., 2001, in Lemaitre Handbook of Materials Behavior Models, Academic Press, New York, pp. 336348, 2000, in Time Dependent and Nonlinear Effects in Polymers and Composites, ASTM STP 1357, Schapery, R. A., and Sun, C. T, eds., ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, pp. 118-137, Cernocky, E. P., and Krempl, E., 1979, Int. J. Non-Linear Mech., 14, pp. 183-203; Gomaa et al., 2004, Int. J. Solids Struct., 41, pp. 3607-3624), for anisotropic materials and small deformations. A Caratheodory-based approach is applied to demonstrate the existence of entropy and absolute temperature, as previously described by Hall (2000, Compos. Sci. Technol., 60, pp. 2581-2599). The present framework indicates that the stress rate-dependent term in the established growth law for the equilibrium stress cannot contribute to the dissipation, and is therefore referred to here as the elastic equilibrium stress rate. A new temperature rate-dependent term is obtained for the same growth law, which is also required to be dissipationless. These terms are therefore identified with dissipationless changes of the stored energy and/or entropy. In general, the traditional, and thermodynamically justified, forms for the potential functions that arise in the present nonequilibrium treatment lead to dissipationless contributions from internal variable growth law terms that are linear in the rates of the controllable variables. Similar indications, without first establishing entropy and absolute temperature existence, were noted in the modeling of Lehmann (1984, in The Constitutive Law in Thermoplasticity, T Lehmann, ed., Springer New York). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBC, 2941 Hobson Way,Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.hall@wpafb.at.mil NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1115/1.1924562 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 976WW UT WOS:000232765200003 ER PT J AU Butler, C Kelsberg, G St Anna, L AF Butler, C Kelsberg, G St Anna, L TI How long is expectant management safe in first-trimester miscarriage? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Valley Med Ctr Family Practice Residency, Renton, WA USA. Univ Washington, Hlth Sci Lib, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF, Eglin Family Practice Residency, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Butler, C (reprint author), Valley Med Ctr Family Practice Residency, Renton, WA USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 54 IS 10 BP 889 EP 890 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 976CV UT WOS:000232711300013 PM 16202377 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM AF McAdams, RM TI Maternal systemic lupus erythematosus and hydranencephaly in a neonate: A case report SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE newborn; hydranencephaly; systemic lupus erythematosus AB Hydranencephaly is characterized by absent cerebral hemispheres replaced by fluid-filled sacs in a normal skull. Herein we report the case of a premature neonate with hydranencephaly born to a mother with systemic lupus erythematosus. Although numerous etiologies have been proposed, an association between maternal systemic lupus erythematosus and neonatal hydranencephaly has not previously been reported. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP McAdams, RM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ryan.mcadams@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 279 EP 281 DI 10.1080/14767050500244644 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 994DF UT WOS:000234009900013 PM 16318981 ER PT J AU Eapen, KC Patton, ST Smallwood, SA Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS AF Eapen, KC Patton, ST Smallwood, SA Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS TI MEMS lubricants based on bound and mobile phases of hydrocarbon compounds: Film deposition and performance evaluation SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; lubrication; MEMS; replenishment ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS MEMS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SILICON; WEAR; ADHESION; FRICTION; FORCE AB The concept of a thin layer of mobile hydrocarbon-based lubricant providing protection by replenishment to a surface already protected by a chemically bound material has been explored for the first time, for application to silicon-based microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems. Several bound/mobile pairs of lubricants were evaluated to study the effects of bound phase end group and mobile phase chemical functionality on wettability and performance. The bound species studied were derived from 1-decanol and 1,7-heptanediol. Mobile phases investigated were, a pentaerythritol ester, a multiply alkylated cyclopentane, Pennzane, and a polysilane developed for spacecraft application. Hydrocarbon lubricant performance was evaluated using electrostatic motors run in dry air, and was compared with that provided by Fomblin Zdol under identical conditions. Motors with hydrocarbon coatings showed substantial improvement in performance over uncoated motors, and for some bound/mobile pairs, was equal to Zdol within experimental error. We believe that for silicon-based devices, hydrocarbon coatings will be preferable at least for some applications, as the degradation observed due to aging of a fluorinated lubricant in direct contact with a silicon surface is absent. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Jeffery.zabinski@wpatb.af.mil NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 954 EP 960 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.851806 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 974DH UT WOS:000232571000009 ER PT J AU Young, BA Flynn, TW AF Young, BA Flynn, TW TI Pulmonary emboli: The differential diagnosis dilemma SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE chest pain; dyspnea; lungs; screening; thromboembolism ID DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS; TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; TOTAL HIP-REPLACEMENT; VEIN THROMBOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; PROBABILITY; POPULATION; MORTALITY; SHOULDER; PATIENT AB Pulmonary embolism is a rare but serious medical condition, with an estimated mortality of 5% to 20%. Many patients receiving physical therapy may be at risk for developing pulmonary embolism, especially after periods of immobilization or surgery. Patients presenting with dyspnea, chest pain, or tachypnea, particularly after trauma or surgery, have an increased likelihood of pulmonary embolism. Clinical prediction rules have been developed, which can aid the practitioners in assessing the risk a patient has for developing pulmonary embolism. The present clinical commentary discusses the existing evidence for screening patients for pulmonary embolism. To illustrate the importance of the screening examination, a patient is presented who was referred to physical therapy 5 days after cervical discectomy and fusion. This patient was subsequently referred for medical evaluation and a confirmatory diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Dept, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Orthoped & Manual Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Denver, CO USA. RP Young, BA (reprint author), 6709 Pk Haven Dr, San Antonio, TX 78244 USA. EM brian.young@lackland.af.mil NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 637 EP 644 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 974CM UT WOS:000232568900003 PM 16294984 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Bayer, E AF Ross, MD Bayer, E TI Cancer as a cause of low back pain in a patient seen in a direct access physical therapy setting SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE carcinoma; diagnostic imaging; lumbar spine ID DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES; HISTORY; METASTASES; ACCURACY; SYMPTOMS; DISCS; SPINE AB Study Design: Resident's case problem. Background: This paper describes the clinical course of a patient with low back pain (LBP) and left lower extremity pain and tingling, and how the physical therapist used clinical examination findings and a lack of improvement with conservative measures to initiate further medical evaluation, which resulted in a diagnosis of cancer as the primary cause of the patient's low back and hip pain. Diagnosis: A 45-year-old man with chief complaints of left-sided LBP, left posterior thigh pain, and tingling along the anterolateral aspect of his left lower extremity was initially seen by a physical therapist in a direct access setting. Several components of the patient's history and physical examination were consistent with a mechanical neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction. However, there were signs and symptoms present that may have been suggestive of more serious underlying disease. Specifically, the patient's most intense pain was in the evening and into the night and an atypical pattern of restricted motion at the left hip was noted. Therefore, the physical therapist recommended that the patient schedule an appointment with his physician for medical evaluation. A short-term course of physical therapy treatment was also undertaken to address neuromusculoskeletal impairments. Despite 5 physical therapy visits over the course of a month, while the patient waited for his scheduled physician appointment, the patient's condition gradually worsened. After medical evaluation, the patient was eventually diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the lung, with metastases to the spine and pelvis. Despite 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient succumbed to the cancer 5 months after he was first seen in physical therapy. Discussion: It is important that physical therapists have an understanding of the clinical findings associated with the presence of serious underlying diseases causing LBP, as this information provides guidance as to when communication with the patient's physician is warranted. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005. C1 USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Travis AFB, CA USA. USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Primary Care, Travis AFB, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Vallejo, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Vallejo, CA USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), 124 Bradley Blvd, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM michael.ross2@trivis.af.mil NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 651 EP 658 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 974CM UT WOS:000232568900005 PM 16294986 ER PT J AU Weishaar, MD McMillian, DJ Moore, JH AF Weishaar, MD McMillian, DJ Moore, JH TI Identification and management of 2 femoral shaft stress injuries SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE differential diagnosis; femur; overuse injury; stress fracture ID RISK-FACTORS; FRACTURES; RECRUITS; BONE AB Study Design: Resident's case problem. Background: Although femoral shaft stress fractures in the general population are rare, they are more common among endurance athletes and military recruits. Such individuals presenting with a complaint of hip, thigh, or knee pain should raise suspicion for femoral shaft stress injury. A United States Military Academy cadet presented to West Point's Physical Therapy-Sports Medicine clinic with a complaint of thigh pain related to training with the local marathon team. A second cadet presented to the same clinic during Cadet Basic Training with a complaint of vague but increasing hip, thigh, and knee pain. Diagnosis: Both cadets were suspected of having femoral stress injuries, based on clinical exams, and both diagnoses were confirmed with diagnostic imaging. The 2 cadets were both treated conservatively with progressive rehabilitation once healing was confirmed with radiographs. They both responded favorably to conservative management and returned to full athletic activity at approximately 12 weeks. Discussion: Symptoms from a femoral shaft stress fracture can be vague and mimic those of other etiologies. Providers should consider a broad differential diagnosis, to include femoral shaft stress fracture, when treating endurance athletes and military recruits with anterior hip, thigh, or knee pain. Proper imaging confirms the diagnosis and sequential radiographs assist in rehabilitation planning. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005. C1 USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Mannheim Hlth Clin, Mannheim, Germany. US Mil Baylor Univ, Post Profess Sports Med Phys Therapy Doctoral Pro, West Point, NY USA. RP Weishaar, MD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, 4102 Pin Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM marc.weishaar@usafa.af.mil NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 665 EP 673 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 974CM UT WOS:000232568900007 PM 16294988 ER PT J AU Moore, JH McMillian, DJ Rosenthal, MD Weishaar, MD AF Moore, JH McMillian, DJ Rosenthal, MD Weishaar, MD TI Risk determination for patients with direct access to physical therapy in military health care facilities SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE adverse effect; adverse event; liability; primary care ID DISORDERS; PROVIDERS; INJURIES AB Study Design: Nonexperimental, retrospective, descriptive design. Objectives: This study was designed to ascertain whether direct access to physical therapy placed military health care beneficiaries at risk for adverse events related to their management. Background: Military health care beneficiaries have the option at most US military hospitals and clinics to first enter the health care system through physical therapy by direct access, without referral from another privileged health care provider. This level of autonomous practice incurs broad responsibilities and raises concern regarding the delivery of safe, competent, and appropriate patient care administered by physical therapists (PTs) when patients are not first examined and then referred by a physician or other privileged health care provider. While military PTs practice autonomously in a variety of health care settings, they do not work independently within any facility. Military PTs and physicians rely on one another for sharing and collaboration of information regarding patient care and clinical research as warranted. Additionally, military PTs are indirectly supervised by physicians. Methods and Measures: To reduce provider bias, a retrospective analysis was performed at 25 military health care sites (6 Army, 11 Navy, and 8 Air Force) on patients seen in physical therapy from October 1999 through January 2003. During this 40-month period, 95 PTs (88 military and 7 civilian) were credentialed to provide care throughout the various medical sites. Descriptive statistics were analyzed for total workload, number of new patients seen with and without referral, documented patient adverse events reported to each facility's Risk Management Office, and any disciplinary or legal action against a physical therapist. Results: During the 40-month observation period, 472 013 patient visits were recorded. Of these, 112 653 (23.9%) were new patients, with 50 799 (45.1 %) of the new patients seen through direct access without physician referral. Throughout the 40-month data collection period, there were no reported adverse events resulting from the PTs' diagnoses or management, regardless of how patients accessed physical therapy services. Additionally, none of the PTs had their credentials or state licenses modified or revoked for disciplinary action. There also had been no litigation cases filed against the US Government involving PTs during the same period. Conclusions: The findings from this preliminary study clearly demonstrate that patients seen in military health care facilities are at minimal risk for gross negligent care when evaluated and managed by PTs, with or without physician referral. The significance of these findings with respect to direct access is important for not only our beneficiaries but also our profession and the facilities in which we practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005. C1 Baylor Univ, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Hlth Clin, Mannheim, Germany. Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Moore, JH (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM josef.moore@us.army.mil NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 674 EP 678 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 974CM UT WOS:000232568900008 PM 16294989 ER PT J AU Berube, P Yang, YZ Carnes, DL Stover, RE Boland, EJ Ong, JL AF Berube, P Yang, YZ Carnes, DL Stover, RE Boland, EJ Ong, JL TI The effect of sputtered calcium phosphate coatings of difference crystallinity on osteoblast differentiation SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate; osteoblasts; rats ID NODULES FORMED INVITRO; RAT CALVARIA CELLS; BONE NODULES; IN-VITRO; TITANIUM IMPLANTS; POROUS TITANIUM; DENTAL IMPLANTS; HYDROXYAPATITE; HYDROXYLAPATITE; MATRIX AB Background: Coating titanium implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) has been suggested to increase osseointegration by stimulating early osteoblast function. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which the crystalline content of the HA surface affected osteoblast function in vitro. Methods: Osteoblasts were isolated from fetal rat calvaria. Titanium coupons were sputter coated and analyzed. Mineralized nodule formation on plastic using von Kossa staining was compared to tetracycline and procion dye labeling. Cell proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, morphology and spreading, and cytoskeletal arrangement were analyzed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of mRNA for specific proteins. Results: The percent crystallinity of coatings was 0% (HA1), 1.9% +/- 0.4% (HA2), and 66.4% +/- 2.8% (HA3). The nodule formation and cell number were greatest on titanium and HA3 compared to HAI and HA2 (P < 0.01). At weeks 2 to 4, all samples showed strong alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, monocyte-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression, but the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased. Cell adherence was greater than 60% of applied cells for all surfaces except HA3. The cells were significantly more elongated on titanium, with no difference on the HA-coated surfaces. Actin filaments were arranged peripherally at 5 hours but arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell at 20 hours. Conclusions: Procion labeling is a valid method for evaluating mineralized nodule formation on opaque surfaces. There were no major differences in osteoblast function using titanium or high-crystalline coatings, and most functions were decreased on amorphous or low-crystalline coatings. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed Engn, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Prosthodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Carnes, DL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM carnes@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1S10RR016879-01]; NIAMS NIH HHS [1R01AR46581] NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1697 EP 1709 DI 10.1902/jop.2005.76.10.1697 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 973GS UT WOS:000232511500011 PM 16253092 ER PT J AU Oates, TW Maller, SC West, J Steffensen, B AF Oates, TW Maller, SC West, J Steffensen, B TI Human gingival fibroblast integrin subunit expression on titanium implant surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroblasts; gingival; implants; integrin; titanium ID OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-A; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); ADHESION; FIBRONECTIN; ROUGHNESS; COLLAGEN; IL-1-BETA AB Background: Implant surface characteristics have been shown to modify cell behavior and regulate integrin expression. Integrin expression and resultant integrin-mediated cellular activity are essential components of tissue healing and homeostasis. Although both osseous and soft tissue healing around dental implants are critical to clinical success, there is limited information available on the effect of implant surfaces on integrin expression in soft tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine integrin expression for gingival fibroblasts on titanium surfaces and the influence of titanium surface roughness on integrin expression and cell morphology. Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on smooth (polished) and rough (sand-blasted acid-etched) titanium surfaces and a cell culture plastic (control) surface. To analyze integrin expression, total RNA was isolated from experimental and control cells, and levels of integrin subunit mRNA were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific for the alpha(2), alpha(4), alpha(5), alpha(v), and beta(1) integrin subunits and aldolase (internal control). PCR products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), confirmed via DNA sequencing, and quantified using computer-assisted densitometry. The expression of the integrin subunits was analyzed at the protein level using flow cytometry, as well as fluorescence and confocal laser microscopy. Cell morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Our experiments demonstrated cellular expression of the alpha(2), alpha(4), alpha(5), alpha(v), and beta(1), integrin subunits at both mRNA and protein levels on all surfaces. In addition, the alpha(4) and beta(1) mRNA levels were significantly increased on smooth titanium relative to plastic surfaces (P < 0.05) with intermediate mRNA levels found on the rough titanium surfaces. The smooth titanium surfaces exhibited a flat monolayer of cells, while rough titanium surfaces showed cells orienting themselves along surface irregularities. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the presence of multiple integrin subunits in human gingival fibroblasts grown in contact with titanium implant surfaces and that titanium surface roughness alters cellular morphology but appears to have limited effects on integrin expression. This study provides insight into the complicated cellular and molecular events occurring at the implant surface that may be critical to optimizing the soft tissue interactions with the soft tissue-implant interface. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Royal Air Force, Dept Periodont, Lakenheath, England. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Oates, TW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM oates@uthscsa.edu NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1750 DI 10.1902/jop.2005.76.10.1743 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 973GS UT WOS:000232511500016 PM 16253097 ER PT J AU Block, RM Mee, RW AF Block, RM Mee, RW TI Resolution IV designs with 128 runs SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alias length pattern; hamming distance; isomorphism; projection; row coincidence matrix; weak minimum aberration; word length pattern ID FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL-DESIGNS; MINIMUM ABERRATION; 2-LEVEL AB Chen, Sun, and Wu (1993) enumerated all possible 2(k-P) fractional factorial designs of size 16 and 32 and all resolution four (or higher) fractions of size 64. By enumerating all possible designs, they not only provided the minimum aberration design for each value of k but also listed designs attractive for other reasons, e.g., having the most clear two-factor interactions. Here we present the results of an enumeration of n = 128 run resolution IV designs. As in Chen, Sun, and Wu (1993), we constructed new designs by building up, adding one factor at a time. However, rather than determining whether a new candidate design was isomorphic to an existing design based on a complete permutation check, we retained all designs that differed in their projections. Resolution IV designs are tabulated for k = 12,..., 64 factors. C1 USAF, Space Analysis Div, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Stat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Block, RM (reprint author), USAF, Space Analysis Div, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. EM Robert.Block@peterson.af.mil; rmee@utk.edu NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 282 EP 293 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 970MI UT WOS:000232313900003 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Hay, RS AF Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Hay, RS TI Synthesis of nanosized spherical rhabdophane particles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE PROTONIC CONDUCTION; MONAZITE COATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; THERMAL-REACTIONS; COATED-FIBER; ALUMINA; PHOSPHATE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB Spherical 10 nm rhabdophane (LaPO4 center dot H2O) particles were made by controlled precipitation in water using lanthanum citrate chelate and phosphoric acid (La-Cit(+)/H3PO4) at a temperature of 30 degrees C. Rod-shaped 10 nm x 100 nm rhabdophane particles were made by direct precipitation from lanthanum nitrate and phosphoric acid (La(NO3)(3)/H3PO4). The lanthanum nitrate to phosphoric acid molar ratios (La:P) were fixed at 1:1 and 1:5 for both methods to study their effect on particle size and shape. The particles were characterized with DTA/TGA, XRD, TEM, SEM, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The spherical particle surfaces had absorbed citric acid. The point of zero charge of the rod-shaped and spherical particles was pH 5.4 and 4.3, respectively. Formation mechanisms for the spherical particles are discussed. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM emmanuel.boakye@pafb.af.mil NR 53 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2740 EP 2746 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00525.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 964HD UT WOS:000231869100012 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, VA Tsou, BH TI Sensory recoding via neural synchronization: integrating hue and luminance into chromatic brightness and saturation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID COLOR-VISION; BINDING PROBLEM; LIGHT-ADAPTATION; VISUAL-CORTEX; MODEL; OSCILLATORS; INFORMATION; NEURONS; CELLS; DISCRIMINATION AB If neural spike trains carry information in the frequency and timing of the spikes, then neural interactions-such as oscillatory synchronization-that alter spike frequency and timing can alter the encoded information. Using coupled oscillator theory, we show that synchronization-based processing can be used to integrate sensory information, resulting in new second-order sensory percepts signaled by the compromise frequency of the coupled system. If the signals to be coupled are nonlinearly compressed, the coupled system behaves as if it signals the product or ratio of the uncoupled signals, e.g., chromatic brightness can be signaled by the compromise frequency of coupled neurons responding to hue and luminance, and chromatic saturation can be signaled by the coupled frequency of neurons responding to hue and brightness, with a power- (Stevens's) law scaling like that observed psychophysically. These emergent properties of coupled sensory systems are intriguing because multiplicative processing and power-law scaling are fundamental aspects of sensory processing. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Gen Dynam Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), Gen Dynam Inc, Suite 200,5200 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Vince.Billock@wpafb.af.mil NR 80 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2289 EP 2298 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.22.002289 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 968SM UT WOS:000232182600027 PM 16277298 ER PT J AU Powers, PE Bojja, PK Alkuwari, R Vershure, E Schepler, KL AF Powers, PE Bojja, PK Alkuwari, R Vershure, E Schepler, KL TI High-energy seeded optical parametric generation with elliptical beams in quasi-phase-matched crystals SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; BROAD-BAND; OSCILLATION; RBTIOASO4; AMPLIFIER; KTIOPO4; LINBO3 AB Large-aperture and high-energy seeded operation of optical parametric generators (OPGs) based on quasiphase-matched crystals is presented. High-quality seeded outputs as evidenced by narrow bandwidth and low divergence are demonstrated with energies up to 12.5 mJ in the signal and the idler. The results of OPG devices operating in a partially seeded regime are also presented to give a general prescription for successful seeding at high energies. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Elect Opt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Powers, PE (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM peter.powers@notes.udayton.edu RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2169 EP 2177 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.002169 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 973UY UT WOS:000232549300015 ER PT J AU Yerkes, EB Robertson, FM Gitlin, J Kaefer, M Cain, MP Rink, AC AF Yerkes, EB Robertson, FM Gitlin, J Kaefer, M Cain, MP Rink, AC TI Management of perinatal torsion: Today, tomorrow or never? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the European-Society-Pediatric-Urology/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics CY JUN, 2005 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP European Soc Pediat Urol, Amer Acad Pediat DE spermatic cord torsion; atrophy ID PRENATAL TESTICULAR TORSION; SPERMATIC CORD; NEWBORN AB Purpose: Management of perinatal testicular torsion is a highly controversial issue. Despite uncommon salvage of the affected gonad, exploration for ipsilateral orchiectomy and empiric contralateral orchiopexy have been recommended due to the unlikely but unfortunate possibility of asynchronous torsion. Observation with serial examination is the alternative. Risk of general anesthesia must be weighed against the risk of anorchia. We describe our collective experience with bilateral perinatal torsion, solidifying our recommendation for early exploration in all cases of perinatal torsion. Materials and Methods: All cases of perinatal torsion from 3 practices during a 3-year period were reviewed. All practices were at an academic center or in a major metropolitan area. Early exploration for contralateral orchiopexy was performed in all cases. Results: In 18 patients examination was consistent with unilateral perinatal torsion. Contralateral torsion was discovered at the time of exploration in 4 cases (22%). Despite orchiopexy of the better perfused gonad, atrophy was universal in these 4 cases. Findings potentially related to contralateral torsion were identified in 2 additional cases. No anesthetic or operative complications occurred. Conclusions: Bilateral asynchronous perinatal torsion is an uncommon but serious event. In our experience torsion of the contralateral gonad was not associated with signs or symptoms of acute torsion. Observation and serial examinations are then a challenging proposition. Due to the consistently poor outcome from bilateral asynchronous torsion, we continue to recommend early exploration and empiric contralateral orchiopexy for all cases of perinatal torsion. Parents must be counseled regarding the relative risks of exploration and anesthesia versus observation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Pediat Surg Associates, San Antonio, TX USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Div Pediat Urol, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Yerkes, EB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 174 IS 4 BP 1579 EP 1582 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000179542.05953.11 PN 2 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 963UL UT WOS:000231831500030 PM 16148656 ER PT J AU Kossyrev, PA Yin, AJ Cloutier, SG Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Alsing, PM Xu, JM AF Kossyrev, PA Yin, AJ Cloutier, SG Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Alsing, PM Xu, JM TI Electric field tuning of plasmonic response of nanodot array in liquid crystal matrix SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SHAPE; CONSTANTS; TEMPLATE; METALS; SIZE AB In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of electric-field tuning of the plasmonic spectrum of a novel gold nanodot array in a liquid crystal matrix. As opposed to previously reported microscopically observed near-field spectral tuning of individual gold nanoparticles, this system exhibits macroscopic far-field spectral tuning. The nanodot-liquid crystal matrix also displays strong anisotropic absorption characteristics, which can be effectively described as a collective ensemble within a composite matrix in the lateral dimension and a group of noninteracting individual particles in the normal direction. The effective medium model and the Mie theory are employed to describe the experimental results. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Brown Univ, Div Engn, 182 Hope St,Box D, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM pavel_kossyrev@brown.edu OI Cloutier, Sylvain/0000-0003-0092-5241 NR 26 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1978 EP 1981 DI 10.1021/nl0513535 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 974XC UT WOS:000232623700023 PM 16218721 ER PT J AU Tokish, JM Ponce, BA AF Tokish, JM Ponce, BA TI Management of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE rotator cuff tear; partial; PASTA; articular-sided ID ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR; ASYMPTOMATIC SHOULDER; FULL-THICKNESS; ACROMIOPLASTY; IMPINGEMENT; TENDONS; LESIONS AB Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears are a common finding in the military population. Given that these lesions are often present in asymptomatic populations, it is important to perform a thorough history and physical examination along with selective injections to confirm or rule out the partial-thickness tear as a source of pain or dysfunction. Once the decision has been made to operatively treat these tears, a number of options exist, including debridement, repair in situ, or completion of the tear with subsequent repair. Selection between these options is dependent on the extent of the tear, the experience of the surgeon, and the goals of the patient. This article presents a brief discussion on tear recognition, classification, and diagnostic challenges, followed by the technical details behind arthroscopic repair. With careful attention to the clinical workup, and meticulous surgical technique, these tears can be successfully treated to return active duty patients and cadets back to full military duty. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Sports Med, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Tokish, JM (reprint author), USAF Acad Hosp, Dept Orthoped, 4102 Pinon Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.tokish@usafa.af.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.002 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100006 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR Voelz, DG Deramo, M AF Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR Voelz, DG Deramo, M TI Wavelength-agile telescope system with diffractive wavefront control and acousto-optic spectral filter SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; reconfigurable diffractive optics; acousto-optical tunable filter; computer-gene rated holography; laser wavefront control ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; HOLOGRAPHIC COMPENSATION; TUNABLE FILTERS; BEAM STEERER; OPTICS AB Programmable diffractive optics (PDO) based on liquid-crystal (LC) technology has been demonstrated as a wavelength-tunable technology for compensating large aberrations over limited instantaneous spectral bandwidths. Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) based on acousto-optic Bragg diffraction have been demonstrated as a wavelength-tunable technology for selecting narrow spectral bands from white light with high rejection ratios. These technologies are integrated into a telescope system that includes a conventional primary mirror utilized off axis with more than 40 waves of aberration to view a white-light-illuminated object bar chart. A high-resolution LC PDO, situated in a pupil plane, compensates for the large primary mirror aberration. The AOTF, operating in an image plane, rejects light outside a 2-nm spectral band centered about the wavelength at which the modulo lambda phase profile of the PDO is defined. Wavelength-tunable narrowband imaging is achieved by synchronously tuning the PDO and AOTF over a 100-nm spectral range. Near-diffraction-limited image quality is demonstrated. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing LTS, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 44 IS 10 AR 103202 DI 10.1117/1.2083187 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 001EW UT WOS:000234517400008 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Carns, JL Basun, SA Saleh, MA Cook, G AF Evans, DR Carns, JL Basun, SA Saleh, MA Cook, G TI Understanding and eliminating photovoltaic induced instabilities in contra-directional two-beam coupling in photorefractive LiNbO3 : Fe SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Photonic and Electronic Materials CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL San Sebastian, SPAIN SP Donostia Int Phys Ctr DE photorefractive; photovoltaic; two-beam coupling; photovoltaic noise; LiNbO3 : Fe; space-charge field; quasi-breakdown ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; TRANSMISSION AB In contra-directional two-beam coupling using photorefractive reflection gratings in LiNbO3:Fe, noise is observed in the form of quasi-periodic temporal instabilities. These instabilities result from different mechanisms that affect the magnitude of the space-charge field, and are attributed to the strong photovoltaic field generated in LiNbO3:Fe. A method of coating the z-surfaces of the crystal with a semi-transparent conductive coating eliminates these instabilities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1730 EP 1732 DI 10.1016/j.opmat.2004.11.043 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 965QP UT WOS:000231965700015 ER PT J AU Xydakis, MS Fravell, MD Nasser, KE Casler, JD AF Xydakis, MS Fravell, MD Nasser, KE Casler, JD TI Analysis of battlefield head and neck injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 108th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID BLAST AB OBJECTIVE: At the time of this study, the 1st place that an injured or ill American soldier in Iraq or Afghanistan would have been evaluated by an ENT-head and neck surgeon was at a tertiary care medical center as a result of air evacuation out of theater: Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (LRMC), Ramstein, Germany. By examining the ENT-related diagnoses of all air evacuations from downrange, we were able to match the patients classified as having battle injuries to determine the percentage with head and neck trauma. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective review of 11,287 soldiers air-evacuated from Afghanistan and Iraq, representing the 1st year of combat operations. A new, computerized patient-tracking system was created by our team to merge several disparate databases to generate and compile our data. RESULTS: The ENT-head and neck surgery department evaluated and primarily managed 8.7% of all patients evacuated out of theater by air to Germany. Other medical and surgical services managed 7.3% of all patients evacuated out of theater with overlapping ENT diagnoses. The number of potential ENT patients increased to 16% when one looked at all head and neck pathology instances seen by all medical and surgical departments hospital-wide. Of all patients air-evacuated and classified as having battle injuries, 21% presented with at least 1 head and neck trauma code. CONCLUSIONS: This is the 1st paper focusing on the role of the ENT-head and neck surgeon in treating a combat population and also the patterns of illness and head and neck injuries in a deployed force in our modem military. Improved soldier body armor has resulted in distinctly new patterns of combat injuries. Unprotected areas of the body account for the majority of injuries. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings should be used to improve the planning and delivery of combat medical care. (C) 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Med Grp 435, Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Tampa, FL USA. MacDill AFB, Command Surg Off HQ US Cent Command, Tampa, FL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div ENT Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Xydakis, MS (reprint author), Div ENT Head & Neck Surg, 60 MSGS,SGCXA, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM michael.xydakis@travis.af.mil NR 5 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.003 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 972NR UT WOS:000232461000004 PM 16213918 ER PT J AU Henry, LR Gal, TJ Mair, EA AF Henry, LR Gal, TJ Mair, EA TI Does increased electrocautery during adenoidectomy lead to neck pain? SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 108th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID GRISELS-SYNDROME; ATLANTOAXIAL SUBLUXATION; COMPLICATIONS; ADENOTONSILLECTOMY; ELECTROSURGERY; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess the impact of electrocautery on complications in adenoidectomy. We sought to quantify cautery-related temperature changes in prevertebral fascia that may occur during the procedure, retrospectively evaluate the incidence of cautery-related complications, and prospectively assess the role of cautery in postoperative neck pain. METHODS: Three consecutive related trials were performed. Initially, adenoidectomy was performed on 20 fresh cadavers, using a thermister to evaluate temperature changes in the prevertebral fascia after electrocautery (30 watts over a 30-second period). Next, retrospective analysis of adenoidectomy complications in 1206 children over a 5-year period was performed. Based on these findings, a prospective study of the incidence of neck pain following adenoidectomy was performed in a cohort of 276 children. Adenoidectomy technique, wattage, and duration of electrocautery were recorded for each child. Children with significant neck pain were evaluated with MRI. RESULTS: Peak thermister readings averaged 74 degrees C, for a mean change of 51.8 degrees C. Complications observed in retrospective analysis included neck pain (3), Grisel's syndrome (1), prolonged velopharyngeal insufficiency (1), retropharyngeal edema (1), and severe nasopharyngeal stenosis (1). The incidence of neck pain in the prospective study was 12% (33 pts), and was independent of adenoidectomy technique, cautery wattage, or duration of cautery use. MRIs revealed edema without abscess. CONCLUSIONS: Cautery can result in substantial temperature changes in the surgical adenoid bed. Despite this, the incidence of complications, specifically neck pain, associated with adenoidectomy is low, although underreported. Complications appear to be independent of adenoidectomy technique and cautery use. (C) 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 556 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.008 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 972NR UT WOS:000232461000015 PM 16213929 ER PT J AU Mair, EA AF Mair, EA TI Painful palatal procedures SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID INJECTION SNOREPLASTY; STIFFENING OPERATION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 649 EP 650 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.004 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 972NR UT WOS:000232461000060 ER PT J AU O'Brien, WT Jesinger, RA Lattin, GE Zwirko, RM Danaher, PJ AF O'Brien, WT Jesinger, RA Lattin, GE Zwirko, RM Danaher, PJ TI Post-pneumonia pyogenic psoas abscess SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYOMYOSITIS C1 David Grant USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. David Grant USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP O'Brien, WT (reprint author), David Grant USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM william.obrien@travis.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1031 EP 1032 DI 10.1007/s00247-005-1485-8 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 965KP UT WOS:000231949700015 PM 15875174 ER PT J AU Sukow, DW Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Baracco, MJ Parmenter, ZA Blackburn, KL AF Sukow, DW Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Baracco, MJ Parmenter, ZA Blackburn, KL TI Two-field description of chaos synchronization in diode lasers with incoherent optical feedback and injection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COUPLED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; DYNAMICS AB Synchronized chaotic dynamics are investigated theoretically and experimentally in a system of unidirectionally-coupled semiconductor lasers subject to delayed, polarization-rotated optical feedback and injection. Experimental data in the time and frequency domains demonstrate chaos synchronization with a lag between transmitter and receiver equal to the injection time, also known as driving synchronization. The natural polarization mode of the transmitter is shown to synchronize most efficiently to the orthogonal state of the receiver which is being injected. A full two-polarization model is used for both lasers, and is in good agreement with polarization-resolved experimental measurements. C1 Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Sukow, DW (reprint author), Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, 116 N Main St, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. EM sukowd@wlu.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 AR 043818 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.043818 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 979HA UT WOS:000232931800151 ER PT J AU Murugappan, S Gutmark, E Carter, C AF Murugappan, S Gutmark, E Carter, C TI Control of penetration and mixing of an excited supersonic jet into a supersonic cross stream SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE INJECTION; TURBULENT JETS; PULSED JETS; FLOW; TUBE AB Rayleigh/Mie scattering (from flow-field ice crystals) was used to study mixing and penetration of a forced supersonic jet in a supersonic Mach (M)-2 cross stream. Instantaneous images-using image planes along (side-view) and normal (end-view) to the flow axis-were used to study the dynamical structures in the jet whereas ensemble images provide information regarding the jet trajectory. Standard deviation images reveal information about the large-scale mixing/entrainment. Probability density functions were used to evaluate the mixing along the time-average jet interface. Forced cases indicate the presence of periodic formation of large-scale eddies in the jet/free stream interface. The eddies were bigger in size and more convoluted in the forced cases as compared to the baseline. These provided high penetration of the jet into the free stream. Forced cases also show a larger region involved in small scale and/or bulk mixing in both the side-and end-views. Different metrics such as total area contained in the jet (A(90)), total area involved in fluctuations of >= 30% within the jet boundary (A(sigma,30)) and the interfacial contact at the jet free stream interface (S) were used to quantify the mixing of the forced cases. Analysis of averaged and standard deviation of end-view images indicates that these parameters were higher for the forced cases as compared to the baseline case. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, PRAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Murugappan, S (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2005 VL 17 IS 10 AR 106101 DI 10.1063/1.2099027 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 979JW UT WOS:000232939200057 ER PT J AU Gursul, I Gordnier, R Visbal, M AF Gursul, I Gordnier, R Visbal, M TI Unsteady aerodynamics of nonslender delta wings SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID LEADING-EDGE VORTICES; LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; LOW-ASPECT-RATIO; VORTEX BREAKDOWN; FLOW STRUCTURE; DISCRETE VORTICES; BUFFETING FLOWS; SLENDER WINGS; ANGLE; OSCILLATIONS AB Unsteady aerodynamics of nonslender delta wings, covering topics of shear layer instabilities, structure of nonslender vortices, breakdown, maneuvering wings, and fluid/structure interactions, are reviewed in this paper. Vortical flows develop at very low angles of attack, and form close to the wing surface. This results in strong interactions with the upper-surface boundary layer and in a pronounced dependence of the flow structure on Reynolds number. Vortex breakdown is observed to be much less abrupt compared to breakdown over slender wings. This results in challenges for the precise determination of vortex breakdown location and the interpretation of flow visualizations. One of the distinct features of nonslender wings is the location of the primary attachment zone outboard of the symmetry plane. Reattachment location correlates with the wing stall process and increased buffeting. Dramatic fluid/structure interactions emerge with increasing wing flexibility and result in substantial lift enhancement in the post-stall region. This recently discovered phenomenon appears to be a feature of nonslender wings. Rigid delta wings undergoing small amplitude oscillations in the post-stall region exhibit many similarities to flexible wings, including reattachment and re-formation of the leading-edge vortices. Unusual self-excited roll oscillations have also been observed for free-to-roll nonslender wings. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Engn Mech, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gursul, I (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Engn Mech, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM i.a.gursul@bath.ac.uk NR 90 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 7 BP 515 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.09.002 PG 43 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 004SK UT WOS:000234772300001 ER PT J AU Khattatov, B Murphy, M Gnedin, M Sheffel, J Adams, J Cruickshank, B Yudin, V Fuller-Rowell, T Retterer, J AF Khattatov, B. Murphy, M. Gnedin, M. Sheffel, J. Adams, J. Cruickshank, B. Yudin, V. Fuller-Rowell, T. Retterer, J. TI Ionospheric nowcasting via assimilation of GPS measurements of ionospheric electron content in a global physics-based time-dependent model SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th WMO International Symposium on Assimilation of Observations in Meteorology and Oceanography CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP WMO, NASA, NCAR DE ionosphere; solar radiation ID KALMAN FILTER; SATELLITE; SYSTEM AB We present the rationale for having accurate nowcast and forecast ionospheric conditions, and a brief overview of recent work on assimilation of ionospheric measurements in physics-based models. This manuscript describes the results of a project aimed at generating accurate operational specifications of ionospheric electron content by the assimilation of Global Positioning System (GPS) ionospheric measurements in a relatively complex first-principles forecast model. We describe: the overall design of the model, the implemented sequential data assimilation scheme, the specifics of GPS data processing, and the on-line scheme for estimation of instrumental biases inherent in GPS measurements of ionospheric electron content. Performance of the designed ionospheric specification system is illustrated via common statistical tests, comparisons with data withheld from the assimilation process and comparisons with independent non-GPS measurements. Web-based access to the system results is provided at http://fusionnumerics.com/ionosphere. C1 Fus Numer Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, SEC, CU CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Khattatov, B (reprint author), Fus Numer Inc, 1320 Pearl St,Suite 210, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM boris@fusionnumerics.com NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 613 BP 3543 EP 3559 DI 10.1256/qj.05.96 PN C PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 075OV UT WOS:000239896000023 ER PT J AU MacKersie, AB Lane, MJ Gerhardt, RT Claypool, HA Keenan, S Katz, DS Tucker, JE AF MacKersie, AB Lane, MJ Gerhardt, RT Claypool, HA Keenan, S Katz, DS Tucker, JE TI Nontraumatic acute abdominal pain: Unenhanced helical CT compared with three-view acute abdominal series SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE ABDOMEN; ACUTE APPENDICITIS; FLANK PAIN; RADIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCY; IMPACT AB PURPOSE: To Prospectively evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced helical computed tomography (CT) for patients with nontraumatic h acute abdominal pain with that of traditional abdominal radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained; this study was completed before implementation of the HIPAA. Ninety-one patients (44 men; 47 women; age range 18-84 years; mean age, 48.5 years) with acute nontraumatic abdominal pain over a 7-month period were referred by the emergency department of one institution. These patients underwent a three-view acute abdominal series (AAS) and unenhanced helical CT. AAS included an upright chest radiograph and upright and supine abdominal radiographs. Unenhanced helical CT images with 5-mm collimation were obtained from the lung bases to the pubic symphysis, without intravenous, oral, or rectal contrast material. AAS and unenhanced helical CT images were each separately and prospectively interpreted by a different experienced radiologist who was blinded to patient history and the images and interpretation of the other examination for each patient. Final diagnosis was established with surgical, pathologic, and clinical followup. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for AAS and unenhanced helical CT. Confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for each value with the standard equation for population proportions. Results of AAS and unen' analysis. hanced helical CT examinations were compared with chi(2) analysis. RESULTS: Among the 91 patients examined, unenhanced helical CT yielded an overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96.0%, 95.1%, and 95.6%, respectively. The AAS interpretations yielded an overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 30.0%, 87.8%, and 56.0%, respectively. The accuracy of unenhanced helical CT was significantly greater than the accuracy of AAS (P <.05). CONCLUSION: AAS is an insensitive technique in the evaluation of nontraurnatic acute abdominal pain in adults. Unenhanced helical CT is an accurate technique in the evaluation of adult patients with nontraumatic acute abdominal pain and should be considered as an alternative to radiography as the initial imaging modality. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. S Texas Radiol Grp PA, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. RP MacKersie, AB (reprint author), 822 Coldwater Creek Circle, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. EM amackersie@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 237 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1148/radiol.2371040066 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 965RM UT WOS:000231968000017 PM 16183928 ER PT J AU Guliants, EA Schwarb, R Bearbower, H Gord, JR Bunker, CE AF Guliants, EA Schwarb, R Bearbower, H Gord, JR Bunker, CE TI Functional nanoparticles in thin films as sensing media SO REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies CY JUN 14-18, 2005 CL Crete, GREECE ID CADMIUM-SULFIDE; CDS; FLUORESCENCE; CHEMISTRY; MICELLES AB The combination of unique properties offered by materials on the narioscalc with the increased role of surface chemistry in nanostructured solids makes core-shell nanoparticles extremely attractive for application to 'smart' thin-film coatings. Sensing properties of nanoparticle-based thin films were studied in several systems containing organic-coated semiconductor and metallic particles. In semiconductors, the interaction of organic shell and/or thin-film 'matrix' with the environment results in changes in the nanoparticle's surface states, altering the optical properties of the thin film. Measuring the electrical properties of thin films composed of metallic cores with hydrocarbon shells offers another mechanism to monitor the local environment through the swelling of the hydrocarbons in the presence of external compounds. These mechanisms and their potential application to novel sensors will be discussed. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guliants, EA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM elena.guliants@notes.udayton.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST PROBLEMS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-RUSSIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI ST PTERSBURG PA BOLSHOJ 61, VAS OSTROV, ST PTERSBURG, 199178, RUSSIA SN 1606-5131 J9 REV ADV MATER SCI JI Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 SI SI BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 979ZR UT WOS:000232984200002 ER PT J AU Cole, DE Olivier, KN AF Cole, DE Olivier, KN TI The challenge of nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ABSCESSUS; INFECTION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cole, DE (reprint author), 759 MSGS MCCP,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM daniel.cole@kadena.af.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 10 BP 964 EP 964 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000182496.11183.f7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 982RC UT WOS:000233178300002 PM 16295808 ER PT J AU Mass, J Avella, M Jimenez, J Callahan, M Grant, E Rakes, K Bliss, D Wang, BG AF Mass, J Avella, M Jimenez, J Callahan, M Grant, E Rakes, K Bliss, D Wang, BG TI Cathodoluminescence characterization of hydrothermal ZnO crystals SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on ZnO and Related Materials held at the 2005 Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BAND-EDGE; BULK ZNO; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMISSION; EXCITON; GROWTH AB Hydrothermal ZnO crystals were grown using 3N NaOH, 1N KOH and 0.5N Li2CO3 alkali solvents. The crystals have been studied by means of cathodoluminescence (CL), revealing high crystalline quality. The different growth sectors are identified by CL imaging. The incorporation of impurities and non-radiative recombination centers depends on the growth sector. The surface introduces band tailing producing self-absorption of the high energy luminescence photons. The broad visible luminescence band is composed of at least three different bands, green, orange and red, which are non-equally distributed, depending on the growth sector. Also a strong dependence of the visible luminescence on the penetration depth of the excitation-the e beam-is observed, which suggests that the concentration of the deep levels responsible for the visible luminescence is at the sample surface to a depth of 2 mu m. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ETSII, Valladolid 47011, Spain. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. UniNorte, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Barranquilla, Colombia. RP Jimenez, J (reprint author), ETSII, Valladolid 47011, Spain. EM jimenez@fmc.uva.es NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4-6 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2005.08.001 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 989CZ UT WOS:000233651800002 ER PT J AU Hussain, SM Hess, KL Gearhart, JM Geiss, KT Schlager, JJ AF Hussain, SM Hess, KL Gearhart, JM Geiss, KT Schlager, JJ TI In vitro toxicity of nanoparticles in BRL 3A rat liver cells SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on In Vito Toxicology CY SEP 08-11, 2004 CL Zegrze, POLAND DE nanoparticles; in vitro toxicity; oxidative stress ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEPATOCYTES; NANOMATERIALS; ASSAY AB This study was undertaken to address the current deficient knowledge of cellular response to nanosized particle exposure. The study evaluated the acute toxic effects of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles proposed for future use in industrial production methods using the in vitro rat liver derived cell line (BRL 3A). Different sizes of nanoparticles Such as silver (Ag; 15, 100 nm), molybdenum MoO3; 30, 150 nrn), aluminum (Al; 30, 103 nm), iron oxide (Fe3O4; 30, 47 nin), and titanium dioxide (TiO2; 40 nm) were evaluated for their potential toxicity. We also assessed the toxicity of relatively larger particles of cadmium oxide (CdO; 1 pm), manganese oxide (MnO2; 1-2 mu m), and tungsten (W; 27 mu m), to compare the cellular toxic responses with respect to the different sizes of nanoparticles with different core chemical compositions. For toxicity evaluations, Cellular morphology, mitochondrial function (MTT assay), membrane leakage of lactate dellydrogenase (LDH assay), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (M MP) were assessed under control and exposed conditions (24 h of exposure). Results showed that mitochondrial function decreased significantly in cells exposed to Ag nanoparticles at 5-50 mu g/ml. However, Fe3O4, Al, MoO3 and TiO2 had no measurable effect at lower doses (10-50 mu g/ml), while there was a significant effect at higher levels (100-250 mu g/ml). LDH leakage significantly increased in cells exposed to Ag nanoparticles (10-50 mu g/ml), while the other nanoparticles tested displayed LDH leakage only at higher doses (100-250 mu g/ml). In summary the Ag was highly toxic whereas, MoO3 moderately toxic and Fe3O4, Al, MnO2 and W displayed less or no toxicity at the doses tested. The microscopic studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-exposed cells at higher doses became abnormal in size, displaying cellular shrinkage, and an acquisition of an irregular shape. Due to toxicity of silver, further study conducted with reference to its oxidative stress. The results exhibited significant depletion of GSH level, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in ROS levels, which suggested that cytotoxicity of Ag (15, 100 nm) in liver cells is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Alion Sci & Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Area B,R ST,BDL 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 1029 Z9 1094 U1 63 U2 429 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 IS 7 BP 975 EP 983 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.034 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 989KH UT WOS:000233671900023 PM 16125895 ER PT J AU Delcomyn, CA MacLean, HS Henley, MV Renard, JJ AF Delcomyn, CA MacLean, HS Henley, MV Renard, JJ TI Determination of in situ-generated dimethyldioxirane from an aqueous matrix using selected ion monitoring SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE dioxiranes; selected ion monitoring (SIM); quantitation; oxidant; in situ; headspace sampling; dimethyldioxirane; methyl acetate ID DIOXIRANES; CHEMISTRY; EPOXIDATION; OXIDANTS AB There is a growing interest in utilizing in situ-generated dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) as an oxidant for synthetic purposes and bleaching and decontamination applications, but the ability to quantify the organic cyclic peroxide species is often complicated by the presence of other reactive components, peroxymonosulfate and acetone, within the solution matrix. This paper is the first to report the use of a MS method for the quantitation of DMDO from these complex matrices by utilizing an isothermal 30 degrees C GC program in conjunction with selected ion monitoring (SIM). The volatile organic species is sampled from the headspace of closed batch system vials and quantified by measuring the abundance of m/z 74. The method achieves a practical quantitation limit (PQL) for DMDO of 0.033 mM, and methyl acetate is identified as a minor decomposition product from the aqueous sample matrix, contributing 9% towards the overall DMDO measurements. The spectroscopic method makes use of common analytical instrumentation and is capable of measuring other in situ-generated dioxiranes, such as those generated from 2-butanone and [H-2(6)]acetone. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Appl Res Associates Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Delcomyn, CA (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, Air Force Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM carrie.delcomyn.ctr@tyndall.af.mil NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 1089 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.018 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 955BW UT WOS:000231200700025 PM 16130789 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Barbieri, L Cliver, EW Lu, G Plunkett, SP Skoug, RM AF Gopalswamy, N Barbieri, L Cliver, EW Lu, G Plunkett, SP Skoug, RM TI Introduction to violent Sun-Earth connection events of October-November 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union AB [1] The solar-terrestrial events of late October and early November 2003, popularly referred to as the Halloween storms, represent the best observed cases of extreme space weather activity observed to date and have generated research covering multiple aspects of solar eruptions and their space weather effects. In the following article, which serves as an abstract for this collective research, we present highlights taken from 61 of the 74 papers from the Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research Letters, and Space Weather which are linked under this special issue. ( An overview of the 13 associated papers published in Geophysics Research Letters is given in the work of Gopalswamy et al. (2005a)). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Code 444, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 54 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09S00 DI 10.1029/2005JA011268 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 973HD UT WOS:000232512600011 ER PT J AU Schwartz, M Duan, D Berry, RJ AF Schwartz, M Duan, D Berry, RJ TI Molecular dynamics study of anisotropic translational and rotational diffusion in liquid benzene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DEPOLARIZED RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RELAXATION; INITIO FORCE-FIELD; RAMAN LINE SHAPES; REORIENTATIONAL MOTION; SIMULATION; ELLIPSOIDS; SPHEROIDS; COMPASS; SPHERES AB Equilibrium NPT and NVT molecular dynamics simulations were performed on liquid benzene over an extended range of temperature (from 260 to 360 K) using the COMPASS force field. Densities and enthalpies of vaporization (from cohesive energy densities) were within 1% of experiment at all temperatures. tumbling and spinning rotational diffusion coefficients, D-perpendicular to and D-parallel to, computed as a function of temperature, agreed qualitatively with the results of earlier reported experimental and computational investigations. Generally, it was found that D-parallel to/D-perpendicular to approximate to 1.4-2.5 and the activation energy for tumbling was significantly greater than for spinning about the C-6 axis [E-a(D-perpendicular to) = 8.1 kJ mol(-1) and E-a(D-parallel to) = 4.5 kJ mol(-1)]. Calculated translational diffusion coefficients were found to be in quantitative agreement with experimental values at all temperatures [deviations were less than the scatter between different reported measurements]. In addition, translational diffusion coefficients were computed in the molecule-fixed frame to yield values for D-xy (diffusion in the plane of the molecule) and D-z (diffusion perpendicular to the plane). It was found that the ratio D-xy/D-z 2.0, and that the two coefficients have roughly equal activation energies. This represents the first atomistic molecular dynamics study of translational diffusion in the molecular frame. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schwartz, M (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 29 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 38 BP 8637 EP 8641 DI 10.1021/jp0530799 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 967WG UT WOS:000232121300026 PM 16834264 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Koerner, H Farmer, K Tan, A Farmer, BL Vaia, RA AF Drummy, LF Koerner, H Farmer, K Tan, A Farmer, BL Vaia, RA TI High-resolution electron microscopy of montmorillonite and montmorillonite/epoxy nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; BEAM DAMAGE; THIN-FILMS; POLYMERS; CRYSTALS; CLAY; SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE AB With the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy the structure and morphology of montmorillonite (MMT), a material of current interest for use in polymer nanocomposites, was characterized. Using both imaging theory and experiment, the procedures needed to generate lattice images from MMT were established. These procedures involve careful control of the microscope's objective lens defocus to maximize contrast from features of a certain size, as well as limiting the total dose of electrons received by the sample. Direct images of the MMT lattice were obtained from neat Na+ MMT, organically modified MMT, and organically modified MMT/epoxy nanocomposites. The degree of crystallinity and turbostratic disorder were characterized using electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Also, the extent of the MMT sheets to bend when processed into an epoxy matrix was directly visualized. A minimum radius of curvature tolerable for a single MMT sheet during bending deformation was estimated to be 15 nm, and from this value a critical failure strain of 0.033 was calculated. HREM can be used to improve the understanding of the structure of polymer nanocomposites at the nanometer-length scale. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 65 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 29 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 38 BP 17868 EP 17878 DI 10.1021/jp0531331 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 967WC UT WOS:000232120900018 PM 16853292 ER PT J AU Crookston, MB Baker, PM Robinson, MP AF Crookston, MB Baker, PM Robinson, MP TI A microchip ring trap for cold atoms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GUIDING NEUTRAL ATOMS; MAGNETIC TRAPS; CHIP; INTERFEROMETER AB We describe a method to create a circular magnetic waveguide for deBroglie waves on a microchip. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic minimum for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms or molecules with a magnetic dipole moment. It is created completely by electric currents in wires that are lithographically patterned on a multi-level chip. We describe the geometry and time-dependent currents of the wires and show that it is possible to wrap the waveguide in a complete circle with minimal perturbations due to the leads or wire crossings. This maximal area geometry is suited for rotation sensing with atom interferometry via the Sagnac effect using either cold thermal atoms and molecules or Bose-condensed systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM michael.robinson@hanscom.af.mil NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 18 BP 3289 EP 3298 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/18/001 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 974VE UT WOS:000232618700003 ER PT J AU Herbeuval, JP Hardy, AW Boasso, A Anderson, SA Dolan, MJ Dy, M Shearer, GM AF Herbeuval, JP Hardy, AW Boasso, A Anderson, SA Dolan, MJ Dy, M Shearer, GM TI Regulation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on primary CD4(+) T cells by HIV-1: Role of type IIFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INTERFERON-PRODUCING CELLS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTION; ALPHA; TRAIL; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; RECEPTOR AB TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily, was suggested to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis by inducing CD4(+) T cell death characteristic of AIDS. We previously reported HIV-1-mediated, TRAIL-induced apoptosis in primary CD4+ T cells in vitro and observed elevated levels of plasma TRAIL in HIV-1-infected patients. The present study elucidates the unresolved mechanism by which HIV-1 induces TRAIL expression on primary CD4(+) T cells. We demonstrate that the expression of TRAIL by primary CD4+ T cells is regulated by IFN-alpha that is produced by HIV-1-stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We also found that IFN-induced TRAIL is mediated by signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 2. We show that IFN-a production by HIV-1-activated pDCs is blocked by an early viral entry inhibitor of CD4-gp120 binding, but not by inhibitors of viral coreceptor binding. Our in vitro data are supported by the demonstration that anti-IFN-alpha and -beta Abs inhibit apoptosis and TRAIL expression in CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-infected patients. Our findings suggest a potential unique role of pDCs in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection by inducing the death molecule TRAIL. C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fac Med Rene Descartes, CNRS, UMR 8147, F-75270 Paris, France. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shearer, GM (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gene_shearer@nih.gov OI Boasso, Adriano/0000-0001-9673-6319 NR 40 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 27 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 39 BP 13974 EP 13979 DI 10.1073/pnas.0505251102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 969KB UT WOS:000232231900048 PM 16174727 ER PT J AU Bieler, T Goetz, RL Semiatin, SL AF Bieler, T Goetz, RL Semiatin, SL TI Anisotropic plasticity and cavity growth during unset forging of Ti-6Al-4V SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; forging; cavitation; mesotexture; plastic anisotropy; finite element ID HOT-WORKING; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; CAVITATION; DEFORMATION; COALESCENCE; GLOBULARIZATION; NUCLEATION; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE; FLOW AB Orientation imaging microscopy was used to determine the effect of local crystallographic texture on the nucleation and growth of cavities in Ti-6Al-4V with a colony-alpha microstructure during upset forging to a 35% height reduction at 815 degrees C and a strain rate of 0.1 s(-1). In contrast to uniaxial deformation, the stress-strain history in the bulged equatorial region was complex. Cavities developed preferentially along prior-P grain boundaries nominally perpendicular to principal stress directions, particularly where there were 90 degrees colony misorientations, even in regions where global secondary-tension stresses were small or even negative. High cavity nucleation and growth rates were strongly correlated with the 90 degrees-misoriented colonies, regardless of the orientations of the adjacent colonies. A rationale was developed to account for the particular sensitivity of 90 degrees-misorientations based on colony orientation, slip systems, Taylor and Schmid factors, strain ratio and deformation history. Colonies with orientations in which prism slip was highly favored were stable and exhibited strong plastic anisotropy. When a neighboring colony had a 90 degrees-misorientation, highly non-uniform strains developed in the boundary region, resulting in large triaxial stress concentrations that facilitated cavity nucleation and plastic strain conditions that favored cavity growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bieler, T (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 2527 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bieler@egr.msu.edu RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 25 PY 2005 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.064 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 970IP UT WOS:000232298800019 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Markovsky, PE Semiatin, SL Ward, CH AF Ivasishin, OM Markovsky, PE Semiatin, SL Ward, CH TI Aging response of coarse- and fine-grained beta titanium alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE beta titanium alloys; aging; continuous heat treatment ID BEHAVIOR; PHASE; PRECIPITATION; TENSILE AB The effect of heating rate to aging temperature, and beta grain size on the aging behavior of three metastable beta titanium alloys, TIMETAL-LCB, VT22 and Ti-15-3-3-3 ('Ti-15-3'), was established using in situ resistivity measurements, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM and STEM characterization. The results revealed the alloys could be divided into two classes based on their aging behavior. TIMETAL-LCB and VT-22 formed fine plate-like a. at slow heating rates to the aging temperature. This behavior was determined to be due to the precipitation of isothermal omega at low temperatures, which serves as nucleation sites for alpha. The slow heating rate yielded the best balance of strength and ductility, particularly in alloys with a fine (similar to 10 mu m) beta grain size. At high heating rates, the formation of isothermal omega was avoided, leading to coarse, plate-like alpha microstructures with less desirable properties. Ti-15-3, on the other hand, exhibited P phase separation during isothermal aging rather than isothermal to formation. Much slower cooling rates were required to form fine a laths in Ti-15-3 compared to the other two alloys. The importance of specifying heating rate and aging temperature for the industrial heat treatment of P titanium alloys was thus established. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Acad Sci, GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivasishin, OM (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM ivas@imp.kiev.ua RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 23 TC 107 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 25 PY 2005 VL 405 IS 1-2 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.06.027 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 970IP UT WOS:000232298800030 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Farmer, BL Eby, RK AF Anderson, KL Farmer, BL Eby, RK TI Epitaxy of folds in polyethylene crystals: molecular mechanics investigation SO POLYMER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semicrystalline Polymers held in honor of John D Hoffman CY AUG 22-25, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Polymer & Mat Sci Div DE PE surface stress/energy; epitaxy; molecular mechanics ID POLYMER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; SURFACE STRESSES; UNIT-CELL; CRYSTALLIZATION; MELT; DISLOCATION; MICROSCOPY; THICKNESS; TERRACES AB In the prevailing thermodynamics associated with Gibbsian surface physics of a century ago, the surface of a crystal has an associated surface energy and surface stress that influences properties and morphology. This work uses molecular mechanics to investigate the surface energy and epitaxial packing of chain folds on the surfaces of adjacent crystals. It is shown that there are lower energy juxtapositions of the crystals resulting from energetically favorable epitaxial arrangements. These lower the excess surface energy with respect to the melt, but do not completely eliminate the discrepancy between the values of the surface energy from computational results and analysis of experimental data. The epitaxial arrangements are consistent with the experimentally observed rotational displacement of successive layers in multi-layer polyethylene crystals. Thus, they might influence the rotation of the successive layers resulting from screw dislocations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 23 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 20 BP 8703 EP 8707 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.129 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 962YL UT WOS:000231769400009 ER PT J AU Padmawar, PA Canteenwala, T Verma, S Tan, LS He, GS Prasad, PN Chiang, LY AF Padmawar, PA Canteenwala, T Verma, S Tan, LS He, GS Prasad, PN Chiang, LY TI Synthesis of C-60-diphenylaminofluorene dyads with two-photon absorbing characteristics SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Wollongong, AUSTRALIA DE fullerene derivative; diphenylaminofluorene; two-photon absorption; donor-acccptor conjugate; photonic organics ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; ABSORPTION; MICROFABRICATION AB Linear A-sp(3)-D molecular conjugates as 9,9-dialkyl-2-diphenylaminofluorene (DPAF-C-p)-C-60 monoadducts were demonstrated using methanoketo unit as a linker to bridge the DPAF donor moiety and the fullerene acceptor chromophore together within a short distance of roughly 2.0 angstrom. Target products of C-60-diphynylaminofluorene dyads C-60(>DPAF-C-2) and C-60(>DPAF-C-19) were synthesized using Bingel cycloproanation reaction from the corresponding 7-alpha-bromoacetyl-9,9-dialkyl-2-diphenylaminofluorene precursors. Both dyads C-60(>DPAF-C-2) and C-60(>DPAF-C-18) were characterized by spectroscopic methods and simultaneous two-photon excitation measurements, showing large two-photon absorption cross-sections in the nanosecond regime. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Res Lab,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM long_chiang@uml.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD SEP 22 PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.047 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 976OQ UT WOS:000232743400048 ER PT J AU Li, LC Yang, JB Vaia, R Dai, LM AF Li, LC Yang, JB Vaia, R Dai, LM TI Multicomponent micropatterns of carbon nanotubes SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Wollongong, AUSTRALIA DE carbon nanotubc; alignment; micropatterning; electrodeposition; multicomponent micropattems; polymer; nanocomposite film ID PATTERNED GROWTH; CONTACT TRANSFER; PYROLYSIS; FILMS AB The excellent optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes have made them very attractive for a wide range of potential applications. However, many applications require the growth of aligned/micropattemed carbon nanotubes. Based on our previous work on the aligned and micropatterned growth of carbon nanotubes, we have recently developed a novel approach towards the micropattern construction of perpendicularly-aligned carbon nanotubes by simply pressing a Scotch tape pre-pattemed with a non-adhesive layer onto a non-patterned aligned carbon nanotube film, followed by peeling off the Scotch tape from the quartz substrate in a dry state. In conjunction with the region-specific surface modification, this dry contact transfer method has enabled us to produce various multicomponent carbon nanotube micropatterns in which different components are interposed in an intimate fashion. Examples include micropatterns with self-assembled non-aligned carbon nanotubes interdispersed into the discrete areas in the patterned structure of aligned carbon nanotubes and flexible polymer films with embedded aligned carbon nanotube networks. More recently, we have also developed a simple but effective template-free electroplating method for region-selective deposition of cobalt and nickel nanoparticles for patterned growth of carbon nanotubes. These carbon nanotube micropatterns in which multicomponents are interposed in a controllable fashion should be of significance to many nanotube based multifunctional systems. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu RI Yang, Junbing/E-4316-2010 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD SEP 22 PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.057 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 976OQ UT WOS:000232743400058 ER PT J AU Patil, A Vaia, R Dai, L AF Patil, A Vaia, R Dai, L TI Surface modification of aligned carbon nanotube arrays for electron emitting applications SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Wollongong, AUSTRALIA DE aligned carbon nanotube; nanotube electron emitter; plasma deposition; flat panel display; surface modification ID FIELD-EMISSION AB We have previously developed a simple pyrolytic method for large-scale production of aligned carbon nanotube arrays perpendicular to the substrate. These aligned carbon nanotube arrays can be transferred onto various substrates of particular interest (e.g. polymer films for organic optoelectronic devices) in either a patterned or non-patterned fashion. The well-aligned structure is important, which not only allows us to prepare aligned coaxial nanowire of carbon nanotubes sheathed with polymers by electrochemical polymerization of conducting polymers on the individual nanotubes but also enables us to develop a facile approach for modification of carbon nanotube surfaces via plasma activation, followed by chemical reactions characteristic of the plasma-induced functionalities. These surface modification methods are particularly attractive, as they allow surface characteristics of the aligned carbon nanotubes to be tuned to meet specific requirements for particular applications while their alignment structure can be largely retained. The aligned carbon nanotubes with tunable surface characteristics thus prepared are of great significance to various practical applications, especially for the use of carbon nanotubes as electron emitters in flat panel displays. Particularly, we found that hexane-plasma coating reduced the turn-on electric field E-to, coupled with a concomitant increase in the emission current at a constant V; the turn-on electric field decreased from E-to = 2.5 V/mu m, characteristic of the pristine aligned carbon nanotubes, to E-to = 1.5 V/mu m with a significantly increased emission current after the treatment of n-hexane plasma at 30 W, 250 KHz and under a monomer pressure of 0.65 Torr for 2 min. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of the surface modification on the electron-emitting properties of the aligned carbon nanotubes by presenting some examples from our recent work. C1 Univ Akron, Coll Polymer Sci & Polymer Engn, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44235 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Mat & MFG Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, L (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@uakron.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD SEP 22 PY 2005 VL 154 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.058 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 976OQ UT WOS:000232743400059 ER PT J AU Lee, R Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Lee, R Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A TI Ion chemistry in quadricyclane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION; EXCITATION AB Electron ionization of quadricyclane (C7H8) has been examined by Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The ionization produces the parent ion C7H8+ and 21 fragment ions with cross sections greater than 10(-17) cm(2) at 50 eV. The total ionization cross section reaches 2.3 x 10(-15) cm(2) at similar to 60 eV. Relaxation of the fragment ion composition by ion-parent molecule reactions mainly proceeds through 14 ion-molecule reactions. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.garscadden@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 18 BP 3550 EP 3553 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/18/034 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 972KO UT WOS:000232452900035 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Laurenza, M Storini, M Thompson, BJ AF Cliver, EW Laurenza, M Storini, M Thompson, BJ TI On the origins of solar EIT waves SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); sun : flares ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; WIND SPACECRAFT DATA; GOPALSWAMY,N. ET-AL; II RADIO-BURSTS; FLARE WAVES; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; MORETON WAVES; CMES AB Approximately half of the large-scale coronal waves identified in images obtained by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory from 1997 March to 1998 June were associated with small solar flares with soft X-ray intensities below C class. The probability of a given flare of this intensity having an associated EIT wave is low. For example, of similar to 8,000 B-class flares occurring during this 15 month period, only similar to 1% were linked to EIT waves. These results indicate the need for a special condition that distinguishes flares with EIT waves from the vast majority of flares that lack wave association. Various lines of evidence, including the fact that EIT waves have recently been shown to be highly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs), suggest that this special condition is a CME. A CME is not a sufficient condition for a detectable EIT wave, however, because we calculate that similar to 5 times as many front-side CMEs as EIT waves occurred during this period, after taking the various visibility factors for both phenomena into account. In general, EIT wave association increases with CME speed and width. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. INAF, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 64 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 631 IS 1 BP 604 EP 611 DI 10.1086/432250 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 965OD UT WOS:000231959100047 ER PT J AU Tabiryan, N Serak, S Dai, XM Bunning, T AF Tabiryan, N Serak, S Dai, XM Bunning, T TI Polymer film with optically controlled form and actuation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL PHASE-TRANSITION; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLARIZED-LIGHT; AZOBENZENE; BEHAVIOR; REORIENTATION; SYSTEM AB A low power laser beam is used to induce large and fast variations in the shape of a polymer film due to photoinduced contraction and expansion of the polymer film surface subject to the beam. The direction of the photoinduced bend or twist of the polymer can be reversed by changing the polarization of the beam. Thus the film orientation could be varied within +/- 70 degrees. The phenomenon is a result of optically induced reorientation of azobenzene moieties in the polymer network. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Beam Engn Adv Measurements Corp, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabiryan, N (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Corp, 809 Orland Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM nelson@beamco.com NR 17 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 19 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 19 BP 7442 EP 7448 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.007442 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 966YH UT WOS:000232058200021 PM 19498769 ER PT J AU Hsiao, VKS Kirkey, WD Chen, F Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Bunning, TJ AF Hsiao, VKS Kirkey, WD Chen, F Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Bunning, TJ TI Organic solvent vapor detection using holographic photopolymer reflection gratings SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-SILICON; SENSORS; MICROCAVITIES; CRYSTALS C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cartwright, AN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM anc@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 16 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 18 BP 2211 EP 2214 DI 10.1002/adma.200401888 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 967VP UT WOS:000232119600013 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Wang, SC Learmonth, T Plucinski, L Matsuura, AY Bernardis, S O'Donnell, C Downes, JE Smith, KE AF Zhang, YF Wang, SC Learmonth, T Plucinski, L Matsuura, AY Bernardis, S O'Donnell, C Downes, JE Smith, KE TI Electronic excitations in vanadium oxide phthalocyanine studied via resonant soft X-ray emission and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; MOLECULES; SOLIDS; LEVEL AB The electronic structure of the organic semiconductor vanadium oxide phthalocyanine has been studied using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy. The vanadyl species in the films is shown to be highly localized, and good agreement between the measurements and a density functional calculation is obtained. Both dipole forbidden V 3d to V 3d*, and O 2p to V 3d* charge transfer transitions are observed, and explained in a local molecular orbital model. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ksmith@bu.edu RI Wang, Shancai/F-6162-2013; Plucinski, Lukasz/J-4987-2013 OI Plucinski, Lukasz/0000-0002-6865-7274 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 413 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.07.066 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 965DD UT WOS:000231929400018 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA TI Thermal-drag carrier cooling in undoped semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB An approach for carrier cooling in undoped and contactless semiconductors is proposed by using thermal-drag effects in comparison with other methods, such as direct resonant tunneling, nonresonant thermionic, and junction-tunneling cooling, as well as indirect optothermionic and thermoelectric cooling, of carriers in doped and contacted semiconductors. A four-step microscopic model is proposed for this thermal-drag carrier cooling in undoped semiconductors. Wide-band-gap semiconductors with small lattice specific heat and small exchange specific heat between carriers and phonons are found to achieve the best thermal-drag carrier cooling under near-band-edge interband pumping by a weak field. This indirect carrier cooling is accompanied by the lattice cooling. The carrier temperature is pinned to the lattice temperature due to ultrafast carrier-phonon scattering, and it is dragged down by the reduction of the lattice temperature, i.e., the thermal-drag effects. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huangd@kirtland.af.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 AR 063516 DI 10.1063/1.2041842 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 969HU UT WOS:000232226000022 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Kerr, DM Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Van Doren, JM Kerr, DM Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI Electron attachment and detachment, and the electron affinities of C5F5N and C5HF4N SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIPOLE-BOUND ANIONS; THRESHOLD; ENERGIES; CYCLO-C4F8; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE AB Rate constants have been measured for electron attachment to C5F5N (297-433 K) and to 2,3,5,6-C5HF4N (303 K) using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus (at a He gas pressure of 133 Pa). In both cases only the parent anion was formed in the attachment process. The attachment rate constants measured at room temperature are 1.8 +/- 0.5x10(-7) and 7 +/- 3x10(-10) cm(-3) s(-1), respectively. Rate constants were also measured for thermal electron detachment from the parent anions of these molecules. For C5F5N- detachment is negligible at room temperature, but increases to 2530 +/- 890 s(-1) at 433 K. For 2,3,5,6-C5HF4N-, the detachment rate at 303 K was 520 +/- 180 s(-1). The attachment/detachment equilibrium yielded experimental electron affinities EA(C5F5N)=0.70 +/- 0.05 eV and EA(2,3,5,6-C5HF4N)=0.40 +/- 0.08 eV. Electronic structure calculations were carried out for these molecules and related C5HxF5-xN using density-functional theory and the G3(MP2)parallel to B3LYP compound method. The EAs are found to decrease by 0.25 eV, on average, with each F substitution by H. The calculated EAs are in good agreement with the present experimental results. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM jvandoren@holycross.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 11 AR 114303 DI 10.1063/1.2032967 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 966PT UT WOS:000232033800014 PM 16392555 ER PT J AU Grime, BW Roh, WB Alley, TG AF Grime, BW Roh, WB Alley, TG TI Phasing of a two-channel continuous-wave master oscillator-power amplifier by use of a fiber phase-conjugate mirror SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; BEAM COMBINATION; LASER AB Phasing of two-channel cw master-oscillator-power- amplifier beams by using a phase-conjugate mirror has been demonstrated for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Phasing was achieved with two fiber amplifiers in conjunction with a single-frequency Nd:YAG master oscillator by using a fiber phase-conjugate mirror in a double-pass geometry. The successful demonstration of phasing of two cw amplifier beams with a fiber phase-conjugate mirror greatly enhances the prospects for phasing of multiple laser amplifiers without complex servo-loop control systems. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, AFIT,ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roh, WB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, AFIT,ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM won.roh@afit.edu NR 13 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 18 BP 2415 EP 2417 DI 10.1364/OL.30.002415 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 965QF UT WOS:000231964600023 PM 16196337 ER PT J AU Tomczak, MM Glawe, DD Drummy, LF Lawrence, CG Stone, MO Perry, CC Pochan, DJ Deming, TJ Naik, RR AF Tomczak, MM Glawe, DD Drummy, LF Lawrence, CG Stone, MO Perry, CC Pochan, DJ Deming, TJ Naik, RR TI Polypeptide-templated synthesis of hexagonal silica platelets SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLY-L-LYSINE; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; IN-VITRO; ACID POLYMERIZATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; COLLOIDAL SILICA; SMALL MOLECULES; PEPTIDES; BIOSILICIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES AB Several studies have demonstrated the use of biomimetic approaches in the synthesis of a variety of inorganic materials. Poly-(L)-lysine (PLL) promotes the precipitation of silica from a silicic acid solution within minutes. The molecular weight of PLL was found to affect the morphology of the resulting silica precipitate. Larger-molecular weight PLL produced hexagonal silica platelets, whereas spherical silica particles were obtained using low-molecular weight PLL. Here we report on the polypeptide secondary-structure transition that occurs during the silicification reaction. The formation of the hexagonal silica platelets is attributed to the PLL helical chains that are formed in the presence of monosilicic acid and phosphate ions. Hexagonal PLL crystals can also serve as templates in directing the growth of the silica in a manner that generates a largely mesoporous silica phase that is oriented with respect to the protein crystal template. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Nottingham Trent Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil RI Deming, Timothy/I-5411-2013; OI Deming, Timothy/0000-0002-0594-5025 NR 34 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 8 U2 81 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 14 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 36 BP 12577 EP 12582 DI 10.1021/ja0524503 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 966RQ UT WOS:000232039100047 PM 16144405 ER PT J AU Duff, JW Dothe, H Sharma, RD AF Duff, JW Dothe, H Sharma, RD TI A first-principles model of spectrally resolved 5.3 mu m nitric oxide emission from aurorally dosed nighttime high-altitude terrestrial thermosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; RADIANCE AB The spectrally resolved nighttime 5.3 mu m emission from NO observed by the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) experiment aboard space shuttle Discovery at 195 km tangent altitude during a strong auroral event is modeled using a first-principles kinetics model. An appropriate SHARC ( Strategic High Altitude Radiance Code) Atmospheric Generator ( SAG) is dosed with an IBC class III aurora. The spectrally resolved fundamental vibration-rotation band emissions from NO around 5.3 mu m resulting from impacts of ambient NO with O as well as reactions of N atoms with O-2 are calculated under steady state conditions. The calculated results, using a local translational temperature derived from the observed spectrum, are in excellent agreement with the CIRRIS-1A observations, validating our model. The importance of the accurate nascent vibrational and rotational distribution of chemically produced NO as well as the collisonally induced rotation-to-vibration relaxation of rotationally hot NO is pointed out. C1 Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBYB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM duff@spectral.com; ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 17 AR L17108 DI 10.1029/2005GL023124 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 967RW UT WOS:000232109900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Grant, JT Eyink, K Tullis, S Enlow, J Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, H Grant, JT Eyink, K Tullis, S Enlow, J Bunning, TJ TI The growth and chemical structure of thin photonic films formed from plasma copolymerization. Part II. Effect of monomer feed location SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE PECVD; plasma copolymerization; polymer photonics ID LIVING RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FLUORINATED MONOMERS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; C-C4F8 PLASMAS; POLYMERIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERS; ETHYLENE; RUGATE AB Plasma copolymerization of benzene and octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) has been successfully applied in the fabrication of photonic films with controllable refractive index profiles by accurately adjusting the comonomer feed ratio and feed locations during plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). XPS, IR, and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to determine the deposition rate, chemical composition/structure, and optical properties of the PECVD films. Three different feed locations were chosen for the OFCB monomer including downstream from the plasma zone (DS), the plasma zone edge (PE), and the center of the plasma zone (PZ). The benzene was always fed in at the DS position. For both plasma homo- and copolymerization, film deposition rates were highest utilizing the PZ feed. The addition of small amounts of benzene increased these deposition rates substantially, but also led to a dramatic decrease in the F/C ratio and significant variations in different structural units (CFx(x=1-3)) indicating the complex subtleties of plasma copolymerization. The refractive indices of the polymer thin films scaled linearly with the F/C values determined from the film composition studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 8 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 19 BP 8178 EP 8184 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.051 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 960EN UT WOS:000231573100042 ER PT J AU Levin, I Davydov, A Nikoobakht, B Sanford, N Mogilevsky, P AF Levin, I Davydov, A Nikoobakht, B Sanford, N Mogilevsky, P TI Growth habits and defects in ZnO nanowires grown on GaN/sapphire substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; GAN; NANORODS; DEPOSITION; EPITAXY; ARRAYS; LASER AB Growth habits and defects in epitaxial ZnO nanowires grown from Au catalyst on (00.1) GaN/sapphire substrate using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique were studied using electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results revealed presence of both horizontal (crawling-like) and vertical nanowires having similar orientation relationship to the substrate (00.1)(ZnO)parallel to(00.1)(GaN), [11.0](ZnO)parallel to[11.0](GaN). The crawling-like growth precedes the vertical growth, and the coalescence and overgrowth of the crawling nanowires produce a highly defective layer which separates the substrate and vertical nanorods. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a high density of planar defects in this interfacial layer. A significant density of stacking faults residing on the (0001) planes was also observed in the shorter vertical nanorods. The crawling nanowires are under residual compressive strain, whereas the vertical nanorods grow strain-free. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 16 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 10 AR 103110 DI 10.1063/1.2041832 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 960SZ UT WOS:000231614800055 ER PT J AU Foster, JC Coster, AJ Erickson, PJ Holt, JM Lind, FD Rideout, W McCready, M van Eyken, A Barnes, RJ Greenwald, RA Rich, FJ AF Foster, JC Coster, AJ Erickson, PJ Holt, JM Lind, FD Rideout, W McCready, M van Eyken, A Barnes, RJ Greenwald, RA Rich, FJ TI Multiradar observations of the polar tongue of ionization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE F-REGION; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; IONOSPHERIC SIGNATURES; CAP; PATCHES; PLASMA; IRREGULARITIES; DEPENDENCE; STORM; ENHANCEMENTS AB We present a global view of large-scale ionospheric disturbances during the main phase of a major geomagnetic storm. We find that the low-latitude, auroral, and polar latitude regions are coupled by processes that redistribute thermal plasma throughout the system. For the large geomagnetic storm on 20 November 2003, we examine data from the high-latitude incoherent scatter radars at Millstone Hill, Sondrestrom, and EISCAT Tromso, with SuperDARN HF radar observations of the high-latitude convection pattern and DMSP observations of in situ plasma parameters in the topside ionosphere. We combine these with north polar maps of stormtime plumes of enhanced total electron content (TEC) derived from a network of GPS receivers. The polar tongue of ionization (TOI) is seen to be a continuous stream of dense cold plasma entrained in the global convection pattern. The dayside source of the TOI is the plume of storm enhanced density (SED) transported from low latitudes in the postnoon sector by the subauroral disturbance electric field. Convection carries this material through the dayside cusp and across the polar cap to the nightside where the auroral F region is significantly enhanced by the SED material. The three incoherent scatter radars provided full altitude profiles of plasma density, temperatures, and vertical velocity as the TOI plume crossed their different positions, under the cusp, in the center of the polar cap, and at the midnight oval/polar cap boundary. Greatly elevated F peak density (>1.5E12 m(-3)) and low electron and ion temperatures (similar to 2500 K at the F peak altitude) characterize the SED/TOI plasma observed at all points along its high-latitude trajectory. For this event, SED/TOI F region TEC (150-1000 km) was similar to 50 TECu both in the cusp and in the center of the polar cap. Large, upward directed fluxes of O+ (>1.E14 m(-2) s(-1)) were observed in the topside ionosphere from the SED/TOI plume within the cusp. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EISCAT Sci Assoc, SE-98123 Kiruna, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Foster, JC (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. EM jfoster@haystack.mit.edu NR 41 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 3 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09S31 DI 10.1029/2004JA010928 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 962KD UT WOS:000231729400005 ER PT J AU Parrish, AR Oliver, S Jenkins, D Ruscio, B Green, JB Colenda, C AF Parrish, AR Oliver, S Jenkins, D Ruscio, B Green, JB Colenda, C TI A short medical school course on responding to bioterrorism and other disasters SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The events of 9/11 highlighted the limitations of the United States health care system in responding to large-scale public health emergencies. The key for an effective response to any mass casualty event is preparedness; thus, the education of medical students has become a priority. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) recommended that the nation's medical schools should thoroughly educate students about the public health and emergency services systems to ensure coordinated responses to weapons of mass destruction or other public health threats. In response, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, partnering with the Defense Institute for Medical Operations (DIMO), developed a one-week block of required (but not graded) instruction, the "Leadership Course in Disaster Response," first given in 2003-04 to 72 second-year students and taught by six military experts from DIMO. The course goal is to (1) educate students on resources available for regional disaster response; (2) define principles of resource management in disaster response; (3) identify specific agents associated with bioterrorism; and (4) understand the psychosocial aspects of disasters. The course was well received, and the 2004-05 session was improved, based on student and faculty feedback. The authors describe the details of the course (specifically, how the course was tailored to fit the AAMC guidelines), changes in students' knowledge and attitudes, and how the course was improved. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Coll Med, Off Dean, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Colenda, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Coll Med, Off Dean, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Colenda@medicine.tamhsc.edu OI Parrish, Alan/0000-0002-5215-4496 NR 6 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 80 IS 9 BP 820 EP 823 DI 10.1097/00001888-200509000-00007 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 961DS UT WOS:000231642700007 PM 16123460 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Parthasarathy, TA AF Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Parthasarathy, TA TI Size-affected single-slip behavior of pure nickel microcrystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE compression test; nickel; slip; plastic deformation; size effects ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; FLOW-STRESS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; DEFORMATION; COPPER; SCALE; STRENGTH; WHISKERS; MEMS AB Spatial scales in crystal plasticity are understood to influence flow stresses and work-hardening rates. A direct assessment of the crystal-size dependence of the critical resolved shear stress has been made for single-slip oriented crystals of pure Ni having sample diameters that range from 40 to 1.0 mu m. The sample dimensions directly limit the length scales available for plasticity, but without significant external or kinematical constraint. The results show strength increases of up to 15 times over pure Ni and size-affected hardening rates. Stresses are lower, but strengthening persists to larger sizes than for the prior work on face-centered cubic metal whiskers. The results emphasize that at the micron-size scale and below both external geometry and internal structure affect the micromechanisms of deformation and strength. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil; michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil; triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.a.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 48 TC 351 Z9 353 U1 6 U2 96 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 4065 EP 4077 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.023 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 961DR UT WOS:000231642600007 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Ghofrani, M Chacho, MS Parkash, V AF Fadare, O Ghofrani, M Chacho, MS Parkash, V TI The significance of benign endometrial cells in cervicovaginal smears SO ADVANCES IN ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cervicovaginal smear; Papanicolaou (pap) smear; normal endometrial cells; benign endometrial cells; Bethesda 2001; menstrual cycle ID ATYPICAL GLANDULAR CELLS; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; UTERINE LUMINAL EPITHELIUM; CERVICAL-CANCER DETECTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; PAP-SMEARS; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; GYNECOLOGIC CYTOLOGY; MENOPAUSAL WOMEN AB The success of the routine Papanicolaou (pap) smear in reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer has been chronicled extensively. Unfortunately, endometrial cancer, the most common malignancy of the gynecologic tract, continues to lack a screening modality of comparable efficacy. It is generally accepted that the Papanicolau test has a low sensitivity for detecting endometrial disease. Nonetheless, it remains true that endometrial cells are not uncommonly identified on routine cervicovaginal smears and along with each case comes an associated responsibility for pathologists to assess cytologic features, assign a potential clinical significance, and make a decision on reporting this finding. When endometrial cells with an entirely normal cytologic appearance are identified on an otherwise unremarkable cervicovaginal smear, the central question raised is whether such cells are exfoliating physiologically or whether their exfoliation is pathologic in response to an underlying endometrial disease. Additionally, in the former scenario, could subsets of patients be defined in which the reporting of this finding is deemed unnecessary in the cytologic report? In this contribution, we explore the clinical significance of finding normal endometrial cells in cervicovaginal smears based on a review of the medical literature of the last half-century. The historical and evidentiary basis for the Bethesda 2001 recommendations, which calls for the reporting of cytologically benign endometrial cells only in patients 40 years and older, is reviewed in detail. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, MTLP, San Antonio, TX USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, New Haven Hosp, New Haven, CT USA. Hosp St Raphael, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, MTLP, USAF 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1,Lackla, San Antonio, TX USA. EM Oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 86 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1072-4109 J9 ADV ANAT PATHOL JI Adv. Anat. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 BP 274 EP 287 DI 10.1097/01.pap.0000184174.76221.eb PG 14 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 974YY UT WOS:000232628500006 PM 16210924 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR TI Numerical simulation of separation control for transitional highly loaded low-pressure turbines SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 2nd Flow Control Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; DELTA-WING ROLL; FLOW; BLADE; WAKES; COMPUTATION; FLOWFIELDS; RESOLUTION AB The subsonic flow through highly loaded low-pressure turbines is simulated numerically using a high-order method. The configuration approximates cascade experiments that were conducted to investigate a reduction in turbine stage blade count, which can decrease both weight and mechanical complexity. At a nominal Reynolds number of 25 x 103 based upon axial chord and inlet conditions, massive separation occurs on the suction surface. of each blade as a result of uncovered turning. Pulsed injection vortex generator jets were then used to help mitigate separation, thereby reducing wake losses. Computations were performed for both uncontrolled and controlled cases and reproduced the transitional flow occurring in the aft-blade and near-wake regions. The numerical method utilizes a centered compact finite difference scheme to represent spatial derivatives, which is used in conjunction with a low-pass Pad e-type nondispersive filter operator to maintain stability. An implicit approximately factored time-marching algorithm is employed, and Newton-like subiterations are applied to achieve second-order temporal accuracy. Calculations were carried out on a massively parallel computing platform, using domain decomposition to distribute subzones on individual processors. A high-order overset grid approach preserved spatial accuracy in locally refined embedded regions. Features of the flowfields are elucidated, and simulations are compared with each other and with available experimental data. Relative to the uncontrolled case, it was found that pulsed injection maintained attached flow over an additional 15% of the blade chord, resulting in a 22% decrease of the wake total pressure loss coefficient. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, AFRL VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1958 EP 1967 DI 10.2514/1.12376 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 961VJ UT WOS:000231689600011 ER PT J AU Lisanti, CJ Asbach, P Bradley, WG AF Lisanti, CJ Asbach, P Bradley, WG TI The ependymal "Dot-Dash" sign: An MR imaging finding of early multiple sclerosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATED INVERSION-RECOVERY; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; PERIVENTRICULAR LESIONS; THIN-SECTION; SEQUENCES; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Corpus callosum lesions are of specific interest in the evaluation of suspected multiple sclerosis in brain MR imaging. Using thin-section sagittal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, researchers have shown that the finding of "subcallosal striations" correlates significantly with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Using the same MR imaging technique, we describe a finding of ependymal irregularity that we call the "Dot-Dash" sign, which we believe to be associated with early multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Sagittal 2-mm fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were obtained in 70 patients. Thirty-five patients had multiple sclerosis according to the Poser criteria, and 35 were age-matched controls. The images were reviewed in a blinded fashion by an experienced neuroradiologist for the presence or absence of the Dot-Dash sign. RESULTS: The correlation between the Dot-Dash sign and definite clinical multiple sclerosis is highly significant (P <(.)001), with a sensitivity of 91.4% and a specificity of 65.7%. In the age group of :550 years, the sensitivity was 95.7% and the specificity, 71.9%. CONCLUSION. The Dot-Dash sign of ependymal irregularity on thin-section sagittal fluid attenuated inversion recovery images is an early marker for multiple sclerosis, which is particularly useful in the younger patient. This finding appears to be more sensitive for early lesion detection than any other multiple sclerosis imaging finding yet described in the literature. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Humboldt Univ, Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany. RP Lisanti, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2033 EP 2036 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 964RB UT WOS:000231897100028 PM 16155155 ER PT J AU Garb, HN Grove, WM AF Garb, HN Grove, WM TI On the merits of clinical judgment SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPERIENCE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS MMCPR 59, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Garb, HN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS MMCPR 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.garb@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0003-066X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 658 EP 659 DI 10.1037/0003-006X.60.6.658 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 964ZX UT WOS:000231920600012 PM 16173902 ER PT J AU O'Dell, KM Kucukarslan, SN AF O'Dell, KM Kucukarslan, SN TI Impact of the clinical pharmacist on readmission in patients with acute coronary syndrome SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE acute coronary syndromes; myocardial infarction; unstable angina; pharmacist intervention ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS; MANAGEMENT; ADHERENCE; CARE; HOSPITALS; THERAPY; COST AB BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported a positive impact of pharmacists on care of patients with chronic illnesses. The impact of the clinical pharmacist on hospital readmission in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has yet to be evaluated, as of this writing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the clinical pharmacist as a direct patient-care team member on cardiac-related readmission in patients admitted to the general cardiology unit with ACS. METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized observational study compared patients who received standard practice care with patients admitted to a service with a clinical pharmacist to provide care at the bedside. Patients admitted to and discharged from the general cardiology unit for ACS were included. The primary endpoint of the study was cardiac-related readmission at 30 days following hospital discharge. Secondary endpoints included length of stay and medication utilization. Interventions provided by the clinical pharmacist in the study group were documented. RESULTS: Cardiac readmission at 30 days was similar between the groups (p = 0.59). In the subset of patients with unstable angina, readmission in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (1.3% vs 9.1%; p = 0.04). Patients in both groups were similarly managed using drug therapy and invasive coronary interventions. The medical staff's rate of acceptance of recommendations provided by the pharmacist was 94.4%. The most common interventions were medication education and identification of indicated therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of pharmacists did not decrease readmission in patients with ACS. The finding of significant reduction in readmission in the subset of patients with unstable angina should be considered "hypothesis generating" for future randomized studies to confirm the results. C1 Univ Pacific, Dept Pharm, David Grant Med Ctr, Thomas J Long Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Ctr Drug Informat & Outcomes Anal, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP O'Dell, KM (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Dept Pharm, David Grant Med Ctr, Thomas J Long Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM kodell@pacific.edu NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1423 EP 1427 DI 10.1345/aph.1E640 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 954TF UT WOS:000231177100004 PM 16046491 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Qin, L Martel, M Tavassoli, FA AF Fadare, O Qin, L Martel, M Tavassoli, FA TI Pathology of the NovaSure (radio-frequency) impedance-controlled endometrial ablation system SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BALLOON; TRIAL AB The widespread use of increasingly novel diagnostic and neoadjuvant therapeutic modalities necessitates that contemporary pathologists familiarize themselves with the spectrum of tissue derangements that may be seen in the eventual surgical specimens. in the management of endometrial lesions, for example, a variety of endometrial ablation technologies, such as cryosurgery, balloon therapy, microwave, hot circulating saline, and bipolar impedance technology, have been introduced in the past decade and are being utilized with increasing frequency. We describe herein pathologic changes associated with one such technology, the NovaSure impedance-controlled endometrial ablation system. The US Food and Drug Administration approved NovaSure in 2001 for ablation of the endometrial lining in premenopausal women with menorrhagia. The ablation is accomplished by the delivery of radio-frequency energy for a period of approximately 90 seconds through a device inserted transcervically into the endometrial cavity. Our patient, a 54-year-old with menorrhagia, had un-dergone the NovaSure ablative treatment 38 days prior to her eventual hysterectomy. The resultant changes were quite distinctive: in a uterine wall that was 20 to 30 mm thick, a 3- to 6-mm-thick., hyalinized, subendometrial bandlike zone was apparent throughout the uterus even on macroscopic examination of the slides. This zone was sharply demarcated from the subjacent myometrium and from the endometrium; the latter displayed severe stromal fibrosis, some myxoid change, and sparse glands that were largely confined to the basalis. Paradoxically, scattered aggregates of stromal cells in the endometrium remained relatively viable. Adenomyotic aggregates and leiomyomata in the myometrium beneath the hyalinized zone were unaffected by this treatment. Practitioners evaluating hysterectomy specimens should be aware of changes such as those described herein, not only to better understand the specimens they evaluate but to avoid potentially misinterpreting grotesque alterations caused by benign processes. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 129 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1178 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 959KY UT WOS:000231517800020 PM 16119995 ER PT J AU Fritz, JM Whitman, JM Childs, JD AF Fritz, JM Whitman, JM Childs, JD TI Lumbar spine segmental mobility assessment: An examination of validity for determining intervention strategies in patients with low back pain SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Interdisciplinary World Congress on Low Back and Pelvic Pain CY NOV 13, 2004 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA DE diagnosis; low back pain; physical examination; rehabilitation ID CLINICAL-PREDICTION RULE; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; CLASSIFICATION APPROACH; THRUST MANIPULATION; ACCESSORY MOTION; HIGH-VELOCITY; STIFFNESS; MOBILIZATION; DISABILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Objective: To examine the predictive validity of posterior-anterior (PA) mobility testing in a group of patients with low back pain (LBP). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient physical therapy clinics. Participants: Patients with LBP (N=131; mean age +/- standard deviation, 33.9 +/- 10.9y; range, 19-59y), and a median symptom duration of 27 days (range, 1-5941d). Patients completed a baseline examination, including PA mobility testing, and were categorized with respect to both hypomobility and hypermobility (present or absent), and treated for 4 weeks. Intervention: Seventy patients were randomized to an intervention involving manipulation and 61 to a stabilization exercise intervention. Main Outcome Measures: Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) scores were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks. Three-way repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to assess the effect of mobility categorization and intervention group on the change on the ODQ with time. Number-needed-to-treat (NNT) statistics were calculated. Results: Ninety-three (71.0%) patients were judged to have hypomobility present and 15 (11.5%) were judged with hypermobility present. The ANOVAs resulted in significant interaction effects. Pairwise comparisons showed greater improvements among patients receiving manipulation categorized with hypomobility present versus absent (mean difference, 23.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1%-42.4%), and among patients receiving stabilization categorized with hypermobility present versus absent (mean difference, 36.4%; 95% CI, 10.3%-69.3%). For patients with hypomobility, failure rates were 26% with manipulation and 74.4% with stabilization (NNT=2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-3.5). For patients with hypermobility, failure rates were 83.3% and 22.2% for manipulation and stabilization, respectively (NNT=1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-10.2). Conclusions: Patients with LBP judged to have lumbar hypomobility experienced greater benefit from an intervention including manipulation; those judged to have hypermobility were more likely to benefit from a stabilization exercise program. C1 Univ Utah, Div Phys Therapy, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Intermt Hlth Care, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Regis Univ, USA, Baylor Univ, Profess Doctoral Program Orthopaed & Manual Phys, Denver, CO USA. Regis Univ, Affiliate Fac, Denver, CO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fritz, JM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Phys Therapy, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. NR 60 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 15 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1745 EP 1752 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.028 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 962QM UT WOS:000231747300006 PM 16181937 ER PT J AU del Rincon, I Freeman, GL Haas, RW O'Leary, DH Battafaran, DF Arroyo, RA Escalante, A AF del Rincon, I Freeman, GL Haas, RW O'Leary, DH Battafaran, DF Arroyo, RA Escalante, A TI Effect of carotid atherosclerosis on the incidence of acute coronary syndromes in rheumatoid arthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 UT Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S703 EP S704 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207803446 ER PT J AU Martindale, VE AF Martindale, VE TI What time is it? SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Martindale, VE (reprint author), USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 76 IS 9 BP 907 EP 907 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 962XZ UT WOS:000231768100014 PM 16173690 ER PT J AU Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Hurt, W Zirax, J AF Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Hurt, W Zirax, J TI Empirical and theoretical dosimetry in support of whole body radio frequency (RF) exposure in seated human volunteers at 220 MHz SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE resonance; E field; H field; field scans; specific absorption rate (SAR); finite difference time domain (FDTD) ID THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; SAR AB This study reports the dosimetry performed to support an experiment that measured physiological responses of seated volunteer human subjects exposed to 220 MHz fields. Exposures were performed in an anechoic chamber which was designed to provide uniform fields for frequencies of 100 MHz or greater. A vertical half-wave dipole with a 90 degrees reflector was used to optimize the field at the subject's location. The vertically polarized E field was incident on the dorsal side of the phantoms and human volunteers. The dosimetry plan required measurement of stationary probe drift, field strengths as a function of distance, electric and magnetic field maps at 200,225, and 250 cm from the dipole antenna, and specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements using a human phantom, as well as theoretical predictions of SAR with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. A NBS (National Bureau of Standards, now NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO) 10 cm loop antenna was positioned 150 cm to the right, 100 cm above and 60 cm behind the subject (toward the transmitting antenna) and was read prior to each subject's exposure and at 5 min intervals during all RF exposures. Transmitter stability was determined by measuring plate voltage, plate current, screen voltage and grid voltage for the driver and final amplifiers before and at 5 min intervals throughout the RF exposures. These dosimetry measurements assured accurate and consistent exposures. FDTD calculations were used to determine SAR distribution in a seated human subject. This study reports the necessary dosimetry to precisely control exposure levels for studies of the physiological consequences of human volunteer exposures to 220 MHz. C1 Gen Dynam Corp, Adv Informat Engn Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Hamden, CT USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Hlth Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Allen, SJ (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Adv Informat Engn Serv, POB 35505, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM stewart.allen.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1002/bem.20101 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 961LC UT WOS:000231662900002 PM 15931686 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Blick, DW Allen, SJ Mylacraine, KS Ziriax, JM Scholl, DM AF Adair, ER Blick, DW Allen, SJ Mylacraine, KS Ziriax, JM Scholl, DM TI Thermophysiological responses of human volunteers to whole body RF exposure at 220 MHz SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; body temperatures; sweating; thermal sensation; resonant frequency; deep thermosensors ID EVOKED WARMTH SENSATIONS; HUMAN-SKIN NERVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; THEORETICAL DOSIMETRY; TEMPERATURE; THRESHOLDS; SUPPORT; REGION; MODEL; UNITS AB Since 1994, our research has demonstrated how thermophysiological responses are mobilized in human volunteers exposed to three radio frequencies, 100, 450, and 2450 MHz. A significant gap in this frequency range is now filled by the present study, conducted at 220 MHz. Thermoregulatory responses of heat loss and heat production were measured in six adult volunteers (five males, one female, aged 24-63 years) during 45 min whole body dorsal exposures to 220 MHz radio frequency (RF) energy. Three power densities (PD = 9, 12, and 15 mW/cm(2) [1 mW/cm(2) = 10 W/m(2)], whole body average normalized specific absorption rate [SAR] = 0.045 [W/kg]/[mW/cm(2)] = 0.0045 [W/kgl/ [W/m(2)]) were tested at each of three ambient temperatures (Ta = 24,28, and 31 degrees C) plus Ta controls (no RF). Measured responses included esophageal (Tesoph) and seven skin temperatures (T(sk), metabolic rate (M), local sweat rate, and local skin blood flow (SkBF). Derived measures included heart rate (HR), respiration rate, and total evaporative water loss (EWL). Finite difference-time domain (FDTD) modeling of a seated 70 kg human exposed to 220 MHz predicted six localized 'hot spots' at which local temperatures were also measured. No changes in M occurred under any test condition, while T(esoph) showed small changes (< 0.35 degrees C) but never exceeded 37.3 degrees C. As with similar exposures at 100 MHz, local Tsk changed little and modest increases in SkBF were recorded. At 220 MHz, vigorous 2 sweating occurred at PD = 12 and 15 mW/cm, with sweating levels higher than those observed for equivalent PD at 100 MHz. Predicted 'hot spots' were confirmed by local temperature measurements. The FDTD model showed the local SAR in deep neural tissues that harbor temperature- sensitive neurons (e.g., brainstem, spinal cord) to be greater at 220 than at 100 MHz. Human exposure at both 220 and 100 MHz results in far less skin heating than occurs during exposure at 450 MHz. However, the exposed subjects thermoregulate efficiently because of increased heat loss responses, particularly sweating. It is clear that these responses are controlled by neural signals from thermosensors deep in the brainstem and spinal cord, rather than those in the skin. C1 USAF, Hamden, CT USA. Adv Engn Informat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Hlth Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Adair, ER (reprint author), 50 Deepwood Dr, Hamden, CT 06517 USA. EM eadair@comcast.net NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 448 EP 461 DI 10.1002/bem.20105 PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 961LC UT WOS:000231662900003 PM 15906370 ER PT J AU Flannery, A Kharoufeh, JP Gautam, N Elefteriadou, L AF Flannery, A Kharoufeh, JP Gautam, N Elefteriadou, L TI Queuing delay models for single-lane roundabouts SO CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE roundabout operations; roundabout delay; headway distribution; delay; unsignalized operations ID INTERSECTION AB This article presents an analytical model for a few important operational characteristics of single-lane roundabouts in the United States. In particular, we obtain renewal-based analytical expressions for the mean and variance of the time required for entry into the circulating stream for an arbitrary vehicle occupying the first position of the approach, regardless of the distribution of time headways for the circulating stream. These analytical models are subsequently applied in a M/G/1 queuing model to compute the steady-state average delay and length of the queue at the approach under stable conditions. The analytical models are validated by comparing numerical results for average delay with field observations obtained at six single-lane roundabout sites in the United States. The models are shown to perform well under a range of circulating stream flow rates. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Infrastruct Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ind Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Flannery, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Infrastruct Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM aflanner@gmu.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-6608 J9 CIV ENG ENVIRON SYST JI Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1080/10286600500279949 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 982XI UT WOS:000233194800001 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Barrett, TJ Beall, DP Bertagnolli, R AF Ly, JQ Barrett, TJ Beall, DP Bertagnolli, R TI MRI diagnosis of occult ganglion compression of the posterior interosseous nerve and associated supinator muscle pathology SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE radial nerve impingement; ganglion; supinator atrophy; MRI; posterior interosseous nerve; magnetic resonance imaging; radial nerve ID ELBOW AB Occult interosseous ganglions in the proximal forearm can result in pain and decreased supination. We will describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of an interesting case of supinator atrophy secondary to compression of the posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve. A brief review of this entity follows. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Des Moines Univ, Des Moines, IA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wurzburg Army Med Ctr, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jly15544@hotmail.com; terrence.j.barrett@dmv.edu; reono.bertagnolli@wor.amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 362 EP 363 DI 10.1016/S0899-7071(03)00019-6 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 976QE UT WOS:000232747500014 PM 16153547 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ SanDiego, JW Beall, DP AF Ly, JQ SanDiego, JW Beall, DP TI Plasmacytoma of the proximal humerus SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE plasmacytoma; MR imaging; multiple mycloma; MR imaging; solitary plasmactyoma ID MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; BONE AB This is the case report of a 67-year-old man who developed a solitary lytic lesion of the proximal humerus. Through further studies that included MR imaging of the affected upper extremity and biopsy, a final diagnosis of plasmacytoma was given. We present the clinical, imaging, and histologic findings and review the general characteristics of this neoplastic condition. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jly15544@hotmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 367 EP 369 DI 10.1016/S0899-707(03)00099-8 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 976QE UT WOS:000232747500016 PM 16153549 ER PT J AU Cohen, K Siegel, S McLaughlin, T Gillies, E Myatt, J AF Cohen, K Siegel, S McLaughlin, T Gillies, E Myatt, J TI Closed-loop approaches to control of a wake flow modeled by the Ginzburg-Landau equation SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY DEVELOPING FLOWS; LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; LOW-ORDER MODELS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; CYLINDER WAKE; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; DYNAMICS AB A short computational program was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-loop control strategy for the stabilization of an unstable bluff-body flow. In this effort, the non-linear one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau wake model at 20% above the critical Reynolds number was studied. The numerical model, which is a non-linear partial differential equation with complex coefficients, was solved using the FEMLAB (R)/MATLAB (R) software packages and validated by comparison with published literature. At first, a model independent approach was attempted for wake suppression using feedback control. The closed-loop system was controlled using a conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller as well as a non-linear fuzzy controller. A single sensor is used for feedback, and the actuator is represented by altering the boundary conditions of the cylinder. Simulation results indicate that for a single sensor scheme, the increase in the sophistication of the control results in significantly shorter settling times. However, there is only a marginal improvement concerning the suppression of the wake at higher Reynolds numbers. The feedback control design was then augmented by switching over to a model-dependent controller. Based on computationally generated data obtained from solving the unforced wake, a low-dimensional model of the wake was developed and evaluated. The low-dimensional model of the unforced Ginzburg-Landau equation captures more than 99.8% of the kinetic energy using just two modes. Two sensors, placed in the absolutely unstable region of the wake, are used for real-time estimation of the first two modes. The estimator was developed using the linear stochastic estimation scheme. Finally, the loop is closed using a PID controller that provides the command input to the variable boundary conditions of the model. This method is relatively simple and easy to implement in a real-time scenario. The control approach, applied to the 300 node FEMLAB (R) model at 20% above the unforced critical Reynolds number stabilizes the entire wake. Compared to the model-independent controllers, the controller based on the low-dimensional model is far more effective in the suppression of the wake at higher Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, while the latter approach employs only the estimated temporal amplitude of the first mode of the imaginary part of the amplitude, all higher modes are stabilized. This suggests that the higher order modes are caused by a secondary instability that is suppressed once the primary instability is controlled. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Aerosp Engn, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Siegel, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, 2354 Fairchild,Dr Suite 6H27, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM stefan.siegel@usafa.af.mil RI Gillies, Eric/C-1947-2009; OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD SEP PY 2005 VL 34 IS 8 BP 927 EP 949 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2004.08.001 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 945MP UT WOS:000230506900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Sangkasuwan, V Lerdthusnee, K Sukwit, S Chuenchitra, T Rozmajzl, PJ Eamsila, C Jones, JW Richards, AL AF Jiang, J Sangkasuwan, V Lerdthusnee, K Sukwit, S Chuenchitra, T Rozmajzl, PJ Eamsila, C Jones, JW Richards, AL TI Human infection with Rickettsia honei, Thailand SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; MYANMAR BORDER; SCRUB TYPHUS; MURINE AB Human spotted fever rickettsiosis was detected molecularly by 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays performed on DNA extracted from a Thai patient's serum sample. Sequences of PCR amplicons from 5 rickettsial genes used for multilocus sequence typing were 100% identical with those deposited with GenBank for Rickettsia honei TT- 118. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Royal Thai Army, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. USA Component, USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM RichardsA@nmrc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1473 EP 1475 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 960LG UT WOS:000231591400029 PM 16229787 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Smith, B Carey, S Galbreath, AD Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Freeman, GL AF Krasuski, R. A. Smith, B. Carey, S. Galbreath, A. D. Stajduhar, K. C. Kwan, M. D. Ellis, R. Freeman, G. L. TI Use of insulin sensitizing agents in outpatients with congestive heart failure appears safe, and may have important clinical benefits when compared with sulfonylureas and insulin SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology CY SEP 03-07, 2005 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP European Soc Cardiol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Dis Management Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X EI 1522-9645 J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 SU 1 BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 993WO UT WOS:000233987103027 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S AF Sabelkin, V Mall, S TI Investigation into relative slip during fretting fatigue under partial slip contact condition SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; fretting fatigue; relative slip; stick-slip contact condition; titanium alloy ID CRACK INITIATION; STEEL; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; DAMAGE AB A finite element analysis based methodology was developed to compute local relative slip on contact surface from the measured global relative slip away from contact surface. A set of springs was included in finite element model to simulate fretting fatigue test system. Compliance of springs was calibrated by comparing experimental and computed global relative slips. This methodology was then used to investigate local relative slip during fretting fatigue in cylinder-on-flat contact configuration under partial slip contact condition for unpeened and shot-peened titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. Relative slip on contact surface is significantly smaller (about one order) than the measured global relative slip by using a conventional extensometer near the contact surface. Effects of coefficient of friction, rigidity of fretting fatigue system and applied stress to specimen on the global and local relative slips were characterized. Coefficient of friction and contact load have considerable effect on local relative slip, and practically no effect on global relative slip. Gross slip condition can develop at some locations on contact surface in spite of overall partial slip condition. Increase in rigidity of fretting fatigue system increases local relative slip but decreases global relative slip. Finally, fatigue life diagrams based on relative slip on contact surface are established for both unpeened and shot-peened titanium alloy. These show the same characteristics as of the conventional S-N diagram where fatigue life decreases with increase of relative slip. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 28 IS 9 BP 809 EP 824 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00918.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 952GS UT WOS:000230992600006 ER PT J AU Katariya, KO Robinson, RD Bates, GW Propst, AM AF Katariya, KO Robinson, RD Bates, GW Propst, AM TI Does the timing of mock embryo transfer affect in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer implantation and success rates? SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conjoint Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine/Canadian-Fertility-and-Androl ogy-Society CY OCT 15-19, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med, Canadian Fertil & Androl Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 SU 1 BP S266 EP S267 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.691 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 967TR UT WOS:000232114601068 ER PT J AU Zeng, J Kumar, S Iyer, S Schiraldi, DA Gonzalez, RI AF Zeng, J Kumar, S Iyer, S Schiraldi, DA Gonzalez, RI TI Reinforcement of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) SO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Step Polymerization or Polycondensation CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Roanoke, VA DE poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); fibers; nanocomposites; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) ID OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; CHEMICAL-TECHNOLOGY; HYBRID COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; CRYSTALLIZATION; MOLECULES; EPOXY; ERA AB Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based composite fibers were prepared by melt spinning three types of PET/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) composites. These composites were made by either melt blending POSS with PET at 5 wt% loading level (non-reactive POSS and silanol POSS) or by in-situ polymerization with 2.5 wt%o reactive POSS. Significant increases in tensile modulus and tensile strengths were achieved in PET fibers with non-reactive POSS at room temperature. The high-temperature modulus retention was found to be much better for PET/silanol POSS fiber when compared to that of control PET. Although other PET/POSS nancomposite fibers tested did not show this high retention of modulus at elevated temperatures, PET/isooctylPOSS nanocomposite fibers did show increased modulus at elevated temperature compared to that of PET. Higher compressive strengths, compared to PET fibers, were observed for all three nanocomposite fibers. Gel permeation chromatography measurement suggested that there is no significant change in molecular weight during preparation of PET/POSS nanocomposites. SEM observations suggest that there is no obvious phase separation in any of the three PET/POSS systems. Crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the composite were also studied. The fiber spinning and mechanical performance with 10 and 20 wt% of trisilanolisooctyl POSS2 were also investigated; the composites with higher concentrations of this nanofiller can be spun without any difficulty. At room temperature, the fiber tensile modulus increased steadily with the POSS concentration while fiber tensile strength showed no significant change. The elongation at break decreased significantly with increasing of POSS concentration. The high-temperature moduli of PET/POSS nanocomposite fibers were found to be rather variable, likely due to the modest compatibility between filler and polymers, which can lead to structural anisotropy within the composite. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Fiber & Text Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. AF Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM david.schiraldi@case.edu RI Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 NR 50 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 21 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-0083 EI 1361-6412 J9 HIGH PERFORM POLYM JI High Perform. Polym. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 403 EP 424 DI 10.1177/0954008305055562 PG 22 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 961ZK UT WOS:000231700600007 ER PT J AU Gunn, DV Warm, JS Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Schumsky, DA Corcoran, KJ AF Gunn, DV Warm, JS Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Schumsky, DA Corcoran, KJ TI Target acquisition with UAVs: Vigilance displays and advanced cuing interfaces SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT TASK AB Vigilance and threat detection are critical human factors considerations in the control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Utilizing a vigilance task in which threat detections (critical signals) led observers to perform a subsequent manual target acquisition task, this study provides information that might have important implications for both of these considerations in the design of future UAV systems. A sensory display format resulted in more threat detections, fewer false alarms, and faster target acquisition times and imposed a lighter workload than did a cognitive display format. Additionally, advanced visual, spatial-audio, and haptic cuing interfaces enhanced acquisition performance over no cuing in the target acquisition phase of the task, and they did so to a similar degree. Thus, in terms of potential applications, this research suggests that a sensory format may be the best display format for threat detection by future UAV operators, that advanced cuing interfaces may prove useful in future UAV systems, and that these interfaces are functionally interchangeable. C1 Microsoft Game Studios, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Microsoft Game Studios, 1 Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM dgunn@microsoft.com NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.1518/001872005774859971 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 987LA UT WOS:000233518200003 PM 16435691 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Simpson, BD TI Audio and visual cues in a two-talker divided attention speech-monitoring task SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article AB Although audiovisual (AV) cues are known to improve speech intelligibility in difficult listening environments, little is known about their role in divided attention tasks that require listeners to monitor multiple talkers at the same time. In this experiment, a call-sign-based multitalker listening test was used to evaluate performance in two-talker AV configurations that combined zero, one, or two channels of visual information (neither, one, or both talkers visible) with zero, one, or two channels of audio information (no audio, both talkers played from the same loudspeaker, and both talkers played through different, spatially separated loudspeakers). The results were analyzed to determine the relative performance levels that would occur with each AV configuration with target information that was equally likely to originate from either of the two talkers in the stimulus. The results indicate that spatial separation of the audio signals has the greatest impact on performance in multichannel AV speech displays and that caution should be used when presenting a visual representation of only a single talker unless that talker is known to be the highest priority talker in the combined AV stimulus. Potential applications of this research include the design of improved audiovisual speech displays for multichannel communications systems. C1 AFRL, HECB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sytron Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP AFRL, HECB, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brungart@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 562 EP 573 DI 10.1518/001872005774860023 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 987LA UT WOS:000233518200009 PM 16435697 ER PT J AU Arthur, W Edwards, BD Bell, ST Villado, AJ Bennett, W AF Arthur, W Edwards, BD Bell, ST Villado, AJ Bennett, W TI Team task analysis: Identifying tasks and jobs that are team based SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MENTAL MODEL; VALIDITY; REQUIREMENTS; KNOWLEDGE; ABILITY AB This paper presents initial information on the development and validation of three team task analysis scales. These scales were designed to quantitatively assess the extent to which a group of tasks or a job is team based. During a 2-week period, 52 male students working in 4-person teams were trained to perform a complex highly interdependent computer-simulated combat mission consisting of both individual-and team-based tasks. Our results indicated that the scales demonstrated high levels of interrater agreement. In addition, the scales differentiated between tasks that were predetermined to be individual versus team based. Finally, the results indicated that job-level ratings of team workflow were more strongly related to team performance than were aggregated task-level ratings of team-relatedness or team workflow. These results suggest that the scales presented here are an effective means of quantifying the extent to which tasks or jobs are team based. A research and practical implication of our findings is that the team task analysis scales could serve as criterion measures in the evaluation of team training interventions or predictors of team performance. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Arthur, W (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wea@psyc.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 654 EP 669 DI 10.1518/001872005774860087 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 987LA UT WOS:000233518200016 PM 16435704 ER PT J AU Derov, JS Turchinetz, BW Crisman, EE Drehman, AJ Best, SR Wing, RM AF Derov, JS Turchinetz, BW Crisman, EE Drehman, AJ Best, SR Wing, RM TI Free space measurements of negative refraction with varying angles of incidence SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Wireless Technology (ECWT2004) CY 2004 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP European Microwave Assoc, IEEE MTT Soc DE anisotropic media; left-handed materials; metamaterial; negative index media (NIM); negative index of refraction ID INDEX; METAMATERIALS AB We report free space, microwave measurements with varying incidence angle on a material that exhibits a negative index of refraction. The experiments measure the index of refraction directly, for normal incidence, on prisms with three different apex angles. Snell's Law and the measured index are then used to verify refraction for off-normal incidence. The metamaterials, used to construct the prisms are comprised of parallel metallic layers of posts and either "Greek key" spiral or split ring resonators. Despite this highly anisotropic composition, the measured refractive index was found to be nearly constant for exit angles up to 52 degrees off the normal to the prism hypotenuse. In addition to being the first free space experimental verification of Snell's Law off the optical axis for this type of metamaterial, the measurements prove that the common parallel plate structures of negative index metamaterials are not acting as guided wave media. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Derov, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM beverly.turchinetz@hanscom.af.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 9 BP 567 EP 569 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2005.855371 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 963ND UT WOS:000231810100010 ER PT J AU Fan, L Hader, J Schillgalies, M Fallahi, M Zakharian, AR Moloney, JV Bedford, R Murray, JT Koch, SW Stolz, W AF Fan, L Hader, J Schillgalies, M Fallahi, M Zakharian, AR Moloney, JV Bedford, R Murray, JT Koch, SW Stolz, W TI High-power optically pumped VECSEL using a double-well resonant periodic gain structure SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE double-quantum-well; high-power laser; InGaAs; optical pumping; resonant periodic gain (RPG); semiconductor laser; vertical-external-cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) ID EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; DESIGN AB We present the design and fabrication of an optically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers with double-well resonant periodic gain structure. Each double-well consists of two 4-nm-thick InGaAs strained quantum wells. The double-well provides optimum overlap between the quantum wells and the antinodes of the standing wave of laser signal at high-power and high-temperature, operation. The structure is more tolerant to variation of the growth, processing, and operating temperature for maintaining high modal gain. For a 230-mu m diameter pump spot, over 4-W continuous-wave output with a slope efficiency of 39% is demonstrated at 30 degrees C without thermal rollover. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arete Assoc, Tucson, AZ 85751 USA. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Fan, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lifan@optics.arizona.edu NR 7 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1764 EP 1766 DI 10.1109/LPT.2005.853536 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 958MX UT WOS:000231453500001 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE AF Altshuler, EE TI A method for matching an antenna having a small radiation resistance to a 50-ohm coaxial line SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electrically small antennas; genetic algorithm (GA); impedance matching ID WIRE ANTENNAS AB It is shown that it is possible to match an antenna having a very low radiation resistance to a 50-ohm coaxial line using an inductive matching post near the base of the antenna. This technique is illustrated using two electrically small self-resonant genetic antennas. The input admittances of these antennas are simulated with and without the matching posts; the antennas are then fabricated and these results are verified experimentally. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edward.altshuler@hanscom.af.mil NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 9 BP 3086 EP 3089 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.854543 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 963TY UT WOS:000231830100037 ER PT J AU Pajic, S Wang, NS Watson, PM Quach, TK Popovic, Z AF Pajic, S Wang, NS Watson, PM Quach, TK Popovic, Z TI X-band two-stage high-efficiency switched-mode power amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference CY DEC 15-18, 2004 CL New Delhi, INDIA DE Class E; load-pull; power amplifiers; two stage ID TRANSMITTERS; OPERATION; MICROWAVE; COMBINER AB This paper presents efficiency optimization of X-band two-stage microwave power amplifiers (PAS) in which the output stage is designed to operate in class-E mode. A hybrid PA which uses the same MESFET devices in both stages achieves 16 dB of saturated gain with an output power of 20 dBm and total power added efficiency (PAE) of 52% at 10 GHz. A broadband monolithic two-stage double heterojunction bipolar transistor PA, fabricated by Northrop Grumman Space Technology, with a class-AB first stage and class-E second stage achieves 24.6 dBm of output power with 24.6-dB gain and total PAE of 52% at 8 GHz. The design is performed starting from class-E theory and using load-pull measurements and/or nonlinear simulations. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pajic, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM paul.watson@wpafb.af.mil; zoya.popovic@colorado.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 9 SI SI BP 2899 EP 2907 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.854239 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 962HI UT WOS:000231721300031 ER PT J AU Landrum, ML Wilson, CH Perri, LP Hannibal, SL O'Connell, RJ AF Landrum, ML Wilson, CH Perri, LP Hannibal, SL O'Connell, RJ TI Usefulness of a rapid human immunodeficiency virus-1 antibody test for the management of occupational exposure to blood and body fluid SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HIV TEST; TYPE-1 AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the usefulness of the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test (OraSure Technologies, Bethlehem, PA) in cases of occupational exposure regarding its use with source-patient sera, effects on post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use, potential cost savings, and effects on healthcare worker (HCW) stress reaction symptoms. DESIGN: Before-and-after analysis. SETTING: A 269-bed, tertiary-care medical center with adjacent clinics. PARTICIPANTS: All source-patients and HCWs experiencing an occupational exposure during the study period. METHODS: Use of the OraQuick test with patient sera was validated prior to its use for occupational exposures. Exposures from January 1 through July 10, 2003 (enzyme immunoassay [EIA] group) and July 11 through December 31, 2003 (OraQuick group) were retrospectively reviewed and the use and cost of PEP was compared for each group. Randomly selected HCWs from both groups completed a survey to assess their stress reaction symptoms. RESULTS: After exclusion, there were 71 exposures in the EIA group and 79 in the OraQuick group. OraQuick results were 100% concordant with the reference standard of EIA and Western blot using patient sera. The mean number of doses ingested per course of PEP was significantly higher for HCWs in the EIA group (3.8; range, 0 to 6) compared with the OraQuick group (1.2; range, 0 to 3; P = .016). Cost analysis revealed a mean savings of $6.62 with the OraQuick test per occupational exposure. Although the survey failed to detect an overall reduction in HCW stress reaction symptoms using OraQuick for source-patient testing, 11 HCWs in the EIA group had repetitive thoughts of the exposure compared with 5 in the OraQuick group (P = .049). CONCLUSION: Because of the reduction in ingested doses of unnecessary PEP and reduced cost of occupational exposure management with their use, rapid HIV-antibody tests should be the preferred method for source-patient testing following an occupational exposure. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Control, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Immunol Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 759 MDOS-MMII,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.landrum@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 26 IS 9 BP 768 EP 774 DI 10.1086/502615 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 970VE UT WOS:000232338900005 PM 16209383 ER PT J AU Calcaterra, J Naboulsi, S AF Calcaterra, J Naboulsi, S TI Design methodology to investigate contact fatigue damage in turbine engine hardware SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting; contact fatigue; dovetail; integral equation ID FRETTING FATIGUE; TI-6AL-4V AB One of the most significant maintenance drivers in current turbine engines is contact fatigue damage where turbine blades are inserted into the disk. This is commonly referred to as the dovetail slot. The stress state at the dovetail slot is difficult to determine with standard finite element analysis because of the nonlinear nature of the contact problem. Because of this, a design methodology based on singular integral equation analysis has been developed. This design methodology is used for the first time to compare the contact stress behavior of similar components from two different turbine engines. The use of singular integral equation methods to analyze these components is supported by a similar analysis on a dovetail experimental fixture. Stress predictions by the singular integral equation method compare well to finite element methods for static stress conditions in a dovetail slot. Additionally, the results from the component analysis indicate that there is a correlation between stress state and damage seen during maintenance. However, details concerning the correlation still need to be resolved. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 P St Bldg 640ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM samir.naboulsi@afit.edu NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP PY 2005 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1133 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.01.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 962QH UT WOS:000231746800010 ER PT J AU Jha, SK Larsen, JM Rosenberger, AH AF Jha, SK Larsen, JM Rosenberger, AH TI The role of competing mechanisms in the fatigue-life variability of a titanium and gamma-TiAl alloy SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CRACK INITIATION; BEHAVIOR; PREDICTION; DEFECTS AB The variability in fatigue lives of an alpha+beta titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo) and a gamma-TiAl-based alloy in stress vs. life space resulted from superposition of variability associated with two separate mechanisms. The mean lives of the two mechanisms diverged with decreasing stress level, giving rise to the variability. A life-prediction methodology based on the variability in the worst-case mechanism is suggested. The potential for reducing uncertainty and increasing the utilization of the useful life as compared to more traditional approaches is discussed. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45422 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jha, SK (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45422 USA. EM sushantjha@hotmail.com NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD SEP PY 2005 VL 57 IS 9 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s11837-005-0116-z PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 965PZ UT WOS:000231964000009 ER PT J AU Patel, MP Kolacinski, RM Prince, TS Ng, TT Myatt, JH AF Patel, MP Kolacinski, RM Prince, TS Ng, TT Myatt, JH TI Novel hierarchical modular control methodology for closed-loop flow-control applications SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A novel hierarchical modular control methodology using closed-loop flow control for active virtual shaping of aerodynamic surfaces is developed. Through wind tunnel experimentation and numerical simulation, we show that collocated sensor-actuator pairs and closed-loop feedback control can effectively modulate the local flow phenomenon and, furthermore, by coordinating the local flow phenomenon, macroscopic force and moment effects can be induced on the aerodynamic surface. The results of flow experiments at Mach 0.08 on a two-dimensional airfoil are used to construct a dynamic model of the effect of discrete suction actuators, and a closed-loop adaptive control system is designed to modulate the local flow phenomenon based on this model. A feedforward control system is then constructed to coordinate the behavior of multiple intelligent control modules, each composed of a collocated sensor-actuator pair and a closed-loop control system. In conclusion, we use a full six-degree-of-freedom numerical simulation to investigate the application of the aggregate system to tracking desired rolling and pitching moment trajectories via actuator-induced aeroshaping of the aerodynamic surfaces of an aircraft. C1 Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, Cleveland, OH 44103 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, MP (reprint author), Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, 4415 Euclid Ave,Suite 500, Cleveland, OH 44103 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1108 DI 10.2514/1.6859 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 972KG UT WOS:000232452100002 ER PT J AU Attar, PJ Dowell, EH White, JR AF Attar, PJ Dowell, EH White, JR TI Modeling delta wing limit-cycle oscillations using a high-fidelity structural model SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 45th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB Flutter and limit-cycle oscillations(LCO) of a delta-wing model are studied theoretically and correlated with results from an earlier experiment and an earlier simpler theoretical model. The present theoretical model uses a high-fidelity nonlinear structural model and a linear vortex lattice aerodynamic model. The commercial finite element package ANSYS is selected to model the structure and is coupled to the vortex lattice aerodynamic model using a subiteration procedure to carry out time simulations. The delta-wing model is studied for five angles of attack (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 deg) and for various flow speeds. Theoretical results are calculated for two different root-chord boundary conditions, that is, fully fixed and also another that allows some in-plane movement at the root chord by attaching stiff in-plane springs that connect the structure to the root boundary. The results obtained using the high-fidelity structural model are compared to earlier results computed using a lower-fidelity von Karman plate theory. For all angles of attack studied here, the correlation between theory and experiment is better for the aeroelastic model, which uses the high-fidelity (ANSYS) structural model. Both flutter velocity and frequency as well as the LCO amplitudes and frequencies that are predicted using the higher-fidelity stuctural model correlate well with experiment. In particular the flutter and LCO results predicted using the high-fidelity structural model are similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively, for the two different in-plane boundary conditions. However the results obtained from the von Karman model differ substantially for the two different in-plane boundary conditions. C1 Computat Sci Branch, VAAC, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Computat Sci Branch, VAAC, AFRL, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146,225, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Peter.Attar@wpafb.af.mil; dowell@ee.duke.edu; jrwhite@duke.edu RI Attar, Peter/B-1728-2008 OI Attar, Peter/0000-0003-3112-9205 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1217 DI 10.2514/1.11325 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 972KG UT WOS:000232452100013 ER PT J AU Lewis, MJ Chauffour, ML AF Lewis, MJ Chauffour, ML TI Shock-based waverider design with pressure gradient corrections and computational simulations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 40th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID 2-STAGE-TO-ORBIT MISSIONS; AERODYNAMICS C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lewis, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM lewis@eng.umd.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1350 EP 1352 DI 10.2514/1.13027 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 972KG UT WOS:000232452100032 ER PT J AU Longacre, EG AF Longacre, Edward G. TI Confederate general R.S. Ewell: Robert E. Lee's hesitant commander. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley, VA USA. RP Longacre, EG (reprint author), USAF, Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley, VA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 92 IS 2 BP 613 EP 614 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 082JF UT WOS:000240382000050 ER PT J AU Duval, BD Jackson, E Whitford, WG AF Duval, BD Jackson, E Whitford, WG TI Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) germination and survival in black-grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland: relations between microsite and heteromyid rodent (Dipodomys spp.) impact SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE banner-tail kangaroo rats; black-grama grasslands; Bouteloua eriopoda; fire; germination; heteromyid rodents; mesquite; Prosopis glandulosa ID KANGAROO RAT MOUNDS; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; DESERT-GRASSLAND; COMPETITION; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; SHRUBLAND; GRANIVORY; DENSITY; HISTORY AB We conducted experiments to examine microsite and rodent influence on mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) germination and survival in Chihuahuan Desert black-grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland. Simulated caches with mesquite seeds were placed in undisturbed grassland, burned grassland patches with reduced grass cover, and on the periphery of kangaroo rat mounds. Rodent access to cached seeds was controlled by covering half of the caches with mesh domes. Kangaroo rats destroyed citing pats containing scarified mesquite seeds and excavated all seeds in simulated caches during a year in which no grasses or forbs set seed. Germination was the highest ill unburned grassland, but over-winter survival was only observed across experiments in burned grassland microsites. A large proportion of seed caches were excavated (1.1-5.5% of the rodent-excluded caches and between 15.6% and 21.1% of the control caches). There were seasonal differences in numbers of emergent seedlings, with a peak in September 2002 following late summer rains. There were no significant differences in numbers of germinants in burned and unburned grassland microsites, but significantly Fewer mesquite seeds germinated on banner-tail kangaroo rat Mounds. Caches excavated by rodents yielded 46.6% of germinants. This Study suggests that scarification of mesquite seeds is not necessary for germination and heteromyid rodents may be responsible for increased mesquite density in grasslands with some mature mesquite plants. The data also suggest that competition between mesquite seedlings and grasses in black-grama grassland is weak because of the physical characteristics of this system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. Elmendorf AFB, Titan Corp, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Duval, BD (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. EM bduval@nmsu.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 541 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.01.012 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938FQ UT WOS:000229985700002 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Gilman, JW De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, DM Gilman, JW De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI TGA decomposition kinetics of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and the thermal effects of contaminants SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Reprint DE decomposition; kinetics; TGA; thermal stability; room temperature ionic liquids; imidazolium; impurities; chloride; water ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; IONIC LIQUIDS; SALTS; IMIDAZOLIUM; DEGRADATION; STABILITY; ELECTROLYTE; HALIDE; ANION; WATER AB Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used to determine the kinetics of decomposition for 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMMIM][BF4]) and to identify the effects of contaminants on the decomposition temperatures. Data were collected from both isothermal and constant ramp rate programs for the decomposition of [BMMIM][BF4] under N-2. The isothermal data were fit to a global kinetic model and the apparent Arrhenius parameters were determined. The constant heating rate data were used to determine the apparent activation energy using the isoconversional method developed by Friedman. The effects of up to 10 wt.% water, NH4BF4, NH4Cl, and [BMMIM][Cl] impurities on [BMMIM][BF4] decomposition temperatures were investigated. The only contaminant to significantly affect the decomposition was NH4Cl, resulting in some decomposition at the temperatures associated with [BMMIM][Cl] decomposition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Stop 9B,572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dfox@usna.edu NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 9 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2005.04.020 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 953TM UT WOS:000231103400003 ER PT J AU Marohn, MR Hanly, EJ McKenna, KJ Varin, CR AF Marohn, MR Hanly, EJ McKenna, KJ Varin, CR TI Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy in the acute setting SO JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Surgery-of-the-Alimentary-Tract CY MAY 15-19, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Surg Alimentary Tract DE laparoscopic colon surgery; total abdominal colectomy; ulcerative colitis; colectomy; laparoscopy ID MEDICAL-TREATMENT FACILITIES; DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE; COLON-CANCER; ASSISTED COLECTOMY; EXTERNAL AUDIT; ACUTE COLITIS; RESECTION; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; ADENOCARCINOMA; RECURRENCE AB We report results from a single surgeon's 10-year team experience with laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy. We review our series, which includes a large subgroup of ill, high-risk patients with acute colitis requiring urgent surgery. From 1993 to 2003, we performed 65 laparoscopic total abdominal colectomies. All patients referred for total abdominal colectomy were offered the laparoscopic approach. We prospectively collected the following data on all patients: demographics, surgical indications, preoperative status, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, operative complications, length of stay, subsequent operations, patient satisfaction, and lessons learned from our team experience. Preoperative diagnoses included ulcerative colitis (n = 55), Crohn's colitis (n = 3), colonic inertia (n = 4), and familial adenomatous polyposis (n = 3). Among the patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 70% of cases were performed on ill patients, refractory to medical management, requiring urgent surgery. This subgroup was managed with laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy and Brooke ileostomy, with ileoanal pouch anastomosis deferred. Operative times were long, ranging from 6 to 11 hours. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 200 ml. Mean length of stay was 4.3 days and ranged from 2 to 13 days. There were no conversions to open surgery and there were no deaths. Complications occurred in 12% of patients and included intra-abdominal abscess (n = 2), wound infection (n = 3), stoma stenosis (n = 1), and incisional hernia (n = 2). Postoperative patient satisfaction was high. Subsequent operations, including restorative proctectomy, were also performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomyis technically challenging and requires a team approach but offers patients significant benefit in length of stay and surgical recovery. This operation can be effectively used with minimal morbidity in difficult, ill patients requiring urgent surgery. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Marohn, MR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM mmarohn1@jhmi.edu NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-255X J9 J GASTROINTEST SURG JI J. Gastrointest. Surg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 9 IS 7 BP 881 EP 886 DI 10.1016/j.gassur.2005.04.017 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 972LK UT WOS:000232455100001 PM 16137578 ER PT J AU Shima, T AF Shima, T TI Capture conditions in a pursuit-evasion game between players with biproper dynamics SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE differential games; pursuit-evasion; missile guidance; capture ID MISSILES; GUIDANCE; LAWS AB Capture conditions in a planar pursuit-evasion game between a guided missile and its aerial target, each having either forward control or tail control, are derived analytically. The adversaries closed-loop maneuver dynamics are represented by first-order biproper transfer functions. A distinction is made between open and closed capture zones in the reduced-order game space. It is shown that locating the control surface forward, instead of aft, provides considerable advantages with regard to the existence and size of different capture zones. A new game space decomposition with two singular regions is also presented and the conditions for its existence are given. C1 RAFAEL, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. RP Shima, T (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 126 IS 3 BP 503 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s10957-005-5495-3 PG 26 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 954MN UT WOS:000231159300002 ER PT J AU Carrell, SE West, JE AF Carrell, SE West, JE TI Optimal compensating wages for military personnel SO JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; LIFE AB The current U.S. military pay structure offers inequitable and inefficient wages across locations. Military personnel are paid less competitive wages in high-cost and/or low-amenity locations compared to low-cost and/or high-amenity locations. This pay system results in unequal reenlistment rates across locations, which leads to production inefficiencies caused by short-term manning shortages in high-turnover locations. Wages set according to local civilian compensating wage differentials would result in a more stabilized force (across locations) by equalizing the opportunity cost of staying in the military at each location. Additionally, more personnel would volunteer to serve in the high-cost and/or low-amenity locations because wages would be more commensurate with local costs and amenities. This would result in fewer non-volunteer assignments to undesirable locations and a minimized opportunity cost for personnel serving at each location. Reenlistment simulations on first-term Air Force personnel show that the proposed wage structure would better equalize reenlistment rates across locations. This proposal could be implemented at no cost to the government by cutting wages in low-cost and/or high-amenity locations. A gradual implementation in which such wages are frozen or increased slowly may be more politically palatable. (c) 2005 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carrell, SE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI West, James/0000-0002-1454-2113 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0276-8739 J9 J POLICY ANAL MANAG JI J. Policy Anal. Manage. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 803 EP 822 DI 10.1002/pam.20139 PG 20 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 966AD UT WOS:000231991100010 ER PT J AU Antonsen, EL Burton, RL Reed, GA Spanjers, GG AF Antonsen, EL Burton, RL Reed, GA Spanjers, GG TI Effects of postpulse surface temperature on micropulsed plasma thruster operation SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 40th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB High-speed mercury cadmium telluride photovoltaic detectors sensitive to infrared emission are used in a micropulsed plasma thruster (micro-PPT) to explore the surface-temperature profile throughout the discharge process for an ablative arc over Teflon (TM). Real-time surface-temperature measurements are made after the current pulse ends in a micro-PPT to examine heating methods and ablation characteristics of the Teflon (R) propellant; Calibration is performed on heated Teflon, experimentally accounting for temperature-dependent variations in emissivity. Time-dependent measurements are taken of the fuel face and used to determine a surface-temperature profile after the arc. Photographs of the arc breakdown are taken with a gated, intensified camera capable of 5-ns shutter times allowing visual interpretation of the arc emission in terms of nonaxisymmetric arc spoking effects. The data are analyzed to calculate Teflon vapor pressure and expected impulse bit contribution of the neutral vapor liberated from the fuel face during the ablative cooling process. The, cooling profile is also compared with predictions from a code that is under development. Finally, methods for using this sensing technique during the current pulse of the thruster are proposed and evaluated for future applications. C1 Univ Illinois, Plasma Mat Interact Grp, Dept Plasma Nucl & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. WE Res, Rosamond, CA 93560 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Antonsen, EL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Plasma Mat Interact Grp, Dept Plasma Nucl & Radiol Engn, 103 S Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM eantonse@uiuc.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 877 EP 883 DI 10.2514/1.13032 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 963DS UT WOS:000231784100015 ER PT J AU Shang, JS Kimmel, R Hayes, J Tyler, C Menart, J AF Shang, JS Kimmel, R Hayes, J Tyler, C Menart, J TI Hypersonic experimental facility for magnetoaerodynamic interactions SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID MAGNETO-AERODYNAMICS; PROSPECTS AB A hypersonic, weakly ionized gas experimental facility has been exclusively designed for basic research in magnetoaerodynamics. The weakly ionized air is generated by a combination of direct-current discharge, radio frequency radiation, or a combination of both in a blowdown, open-jet, Mach 5 channel. A collection of plasma diagnostic tools including optical spectroscopy, microwave devices, and Langmuir probes have also been successfully developed. The plasma field is determined to have an electron temperature around 10,000 K and the electron number density up to 2 x 10(12)/cm(3). The magnetic field can be provided by a steady-state solenoid that can generate a maximum magnetic flux density up to 3 T or arrays of permanent magnets. Under this laboratory testing environment, the maximum Stuart number per unit length is around 1.5 per meter. As an example of the utility of the facility, a successful hypersonic magnetoaerodynamics experiment demonstrating the potential of a plasma actuator is described. In this experiment, the effect of an electromagnetic perturbation by a glow discharge near the leading edge is further amplified by viscous-inviscid interaction, creating a significant pressure rise over the plate surface. The induced surface pressure exhibits potential as a virtual flap for flow control. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 780 EP 789 DI 10.2514/1.8579 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 973LF UT WOS:000232523400002 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Brant, MC Heinrichs, J Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Fleitz, PA AF Sutherland, RL Brant, MC Heinrichs, J Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Fleitz, PA TI Excited-state characterization and effective three-photon absorption model of two-photon-induced excited-state absorption in organic push-pull charge-transfer chromophores SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; ONE-PHOTON; CROSS-SECTIONS; LASER-PULSES; EXCITATION; MOLECULES; 3RD-ORDER; DYNAMICS; DESIGN AB We report experimental investigations of two-photon and excited-state absorption in D-pi-A chromophores and propose a model to explain nonlinear absorption in the nanosecond regime. The key parameter is an effective three-photon absorption coefficient that depends on the two-photon absorption cross section and excited-state photophysical properties. We obtain all these parameters from independent measurements and then compare the model with nanosecond nonlinear transmission measurements. We find good agreement with the data, using no free parameters, for specific values of some published two-photon absorption cross sections. We conclude that excited singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet absorption are the dominant sources of nonlinear transmittance loss and that the chief role of two-photon absorption is to populate these states. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. AT&T Govt Solut, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com NR 29 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1939 EP 1948 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.001939 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 963FZ UT WOS:000231790500015 ER PT J AU Patil, A Li, LC Dai, LM Casavant, M Strong, K AF Patil, A Li, LC Dai, LM Casavant, M Strong, K TI Carbon-nanotube electron emitters for display applications SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; synthesis; alignment; patterning; electron emission; display application ID ALUMINUM-OXIDE TEMPLATES; CO-MO CATALYSTS; FIELD-EMISSION; PATTERNED GROWTH; CONTACT TRANSFER; FILMS; ARRAYS; DECOMPOSITION; COMPOSITE; DISPROPORTIONATION AB The optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes have made them very attractive for a wide range of potential applications. However, many applications require the growth of aligned/micropatterned carbon nanotubes with or without a modified nanotube surface. We have developed several simple pyrolytic methods for large-scale production of aligned carbon-nanotube arrays perpendicular to the substrate surface. We have also used photolithographic and soft-lithographic techniques to pattern our aligned carbon nanotubes with submicron resolution. These aligned carbon-nanotube arrays can be transferred onto various substrates of particular interest (e.g., on conducting substrates as electron emitters for flat-panel displays) in either a patterned or non-patterned fashion. The well-aligned structure further allows us to prepare aligned coaxial nanowires of carbon nanotubes sheathed with polymers and to modify the surface of individual carbon nanotubes by plasma treatment. These aligned/micropatterned carbon nanotubes with and without surface modification possess desirable properties for electron emission applications. C1 Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patil, A (reprint author), Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC INFORMATION DISPLAY PI SAN JOSE PA 610 S SECOND STREET, SAN JOSE, CA 95112 USA SN 1071-0922 J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 13 IS 9 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.1889/1.2080507 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 025QW UT WOS:000236283000002 ER PT J AU Westney, OL Bevan-Thomas, R Palmer, JL Cespedes, RD McGuire, EJ AF Westney, OL Bevan-Thomas, R Palmer, JL Cespedes, RD McGuire, EJ TI Transurethral collagen injections for male intrinsic sphincter deficiency: The University of Texas-Houston experience SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE collagen; urinary incontinence; prostatectomy; injections ID URINARY-INCONTINENCE; POSTPROSTATECTOMY INCONTINENCE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; FOLLOW-UP; MEN; COMPLICATIONS; CONTINENCE; POTENCY; CANCER; IMPACT AB Purpose: Injectable agents are used to increase urethral coaptation for the treatment of intrinsic sphincter deficiency. We evaluated the long-term results and complications of transurethral collagen injections in males. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the charts of 322 men (mean age 67.2 years, range 40 to 91) with intrinsic sphincter deficiency after therapy for prostate carcinoma (307) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (15) who received transurethral collagen injections. The analysis included types and combinations of treatment for prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia, pre-procedure voiding symptoms, total collagen received, maximal percentage improvement and durability of effect. Results: The mean length of followup was 40.1 (+/-13.2) months. Overall, the mean number of injections was 4.37 (+/-2.09). Mean percent improvement after a series of injections was 44.59 (+/-38.26). Mean pad use before and after injection was statistically different (5.15 vs 2.98, p=0.0001). Mean duration of response was 6.3 (+/-8.14) months. In those who achieved complete continence (17%), the mean duration of response was 11.1(+/-8.87) months. Within this group the mean number of injections and ml of collagen injected were 3.83 and 29.27, respectively. Five patients (1.5%) complained of a quantitative increase in leakage after their series of collagen injections. Conclusions: Transurethral collagen injections are a good option for short-term therapy in men with post-prostatectomy incontinence. The mean number of injections to achieve a plateau is 3 to 4, regardless of initial severity of incontinence. Those in the radical prostatectomy only treatment group are statistically more likely to achieve continence than all other treatment groups. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Urol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Westney, OL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, 6431 Fannin,Suite 6-018, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Ouida.L.Westney@uth.tmc.edu NR 20 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 174 IS 3 BP 994 EP 997 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000170237.72750.64 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 956BU UT WOS:000231274700051 PM 16094021 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A TI Ion chemistries in hexamethyldislioxane SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; HEXAMETHYLDISILOXANE; EXCITATION AB Dissociative ionization of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) by electron impact is investigated using Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Absolute total and partial ionization cross sections are measured and the results compared with previous studies. The collision-induced dissociation technique is used to probe the fragmentation pathways of ions, providing insight into the production of neutral products from the electron impact ionization. Ion-molecule reactions of Ar+ and HMDSO ions with the parent gas molecule are studied, and isotope studies are used to evaluate the possible reaction mechanisms. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM alan.garscadden@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1304 DI 10.1116/1.953669 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 967ZN UT WOS:000232130400002 ER PT J AU Glaser, L Stevens, J Zamarin, D Wilson, IA Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Taubenberger, JK Palese, P AF Glaser, L Stevens, J Zamarin, D Wilson, IA Garcia-Sastre, A Tumpey, TM Basler, CF Taubenberger, JK Palese, P TI A single amino acid substitution in 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin changes receptor binding specificity SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; PANDEMIC VIRUS; B VIRUSES; HUMAN H1; SIALYLOLIGOSACCHARIDES; ORIGIN; NEURAMINIDASE; RECOGNITION; PROTEINS; CHICKEN AB The receptor binding specificity of influenza viruses may be important for host restriction of human and avian viruses. Here, we show that the hemagglutinin (HA) of the virus that caused the 1918 influenza pandemic has strain-specific differences in its receptor binding specificity. The A/South Carolina/1/18 HA preferentially binds the alpha 2,6 sialic acid (human) cellular receptor, whereas the A/New York/1/18 HA, which differs by only one amino acid, binds both the a2,6 and the a2,3 sialic acid (avian) cellular receptors. Compared to the conserved consensus sequence in the receptor binding site of avian HAs, only a single amino acid at position 190 was changed in the A/New York/1/18 HA. Mutation of this single amino acid back to the avian consensus resulted in a preference for the avian receptor. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Palese, P (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 1 Gustave Levy Pl,Box 1124, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Peter.Palese@mssm.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R01AI050619-04, R01 AI050619, AI058113-01, P01 AI058113]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM062116, GM062116-04]; PHS HHS [A1007647] NR 28 TC 231 Z9 250 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 79 IS 17 BP 11533 EP 11536 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.17.11533-11536.2005 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 956ML UT WOS:000231303900071 PM 16103207 ER PT J AU Farrier, LM Szaruga, SL AF Farrier, LM Szaruga, SL TI Sample preparation and characterization of artificially aged aircraft coatings for microstructural analysis SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE military aircraft; microstructural analysis; coating degradation; polyurethane AB The paper describes a method for metallographic preparation of artificially aged aircraft coatings. In order to better understand the in-service performance and identify degradation mechanisms of an aircraft coating, complete characterization of the microstructure is essential. This paper discusses metallographic sample preparation and subsequent microscopy techniques (light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy) for characterization of a standard polyurethane aircraft coating system. The preparation method has proven to produce good, consistent results on a wide range of laboratory-produced simulated environmental exposures. The military specification coating system under study (MIL-PRF-85285C and MIL-PRF-23377G) degrades severely after accelerated weathering. Typical degradation includes deterioration of the polyurethane-based resin system in the topcoat and is observed as a visible change in the color. Increased porosity and some physical deterioration were also observed. In addition, some inorganic pigments in the primer appear to migrate into the topcoat during simulated exposure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Farrier, LM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lisa.Farrier@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2005.04.009 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 966BZ UT WOS:000231995900002 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Naik, Rajesh R. Stone, Morley O. TI Integrating biomimetics SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review AB Over the past decade, biology has had a profound influence on materials science and engineering, and much of this influence is yet to come. The tools of nanotechnology have enabled researchers to examine intricate and ingenious solutions that nature has devised in diverse areas ranging from structures to signaling. This overview focuses on biologically inspired materials science and engineering. C1 [Naik, Rajesh R.; Stone, Morley O.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD SEP PY 2005 VL 8 IS 9 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(05)71077-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32DX UT WOS:000208933000020 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Doeppenschmidt, D Henry, JS Smith, PB Adinaro, J Beck, R Thompson, CM AF Krasuski, RA Doeppenschmidt, D Henry, JS Smith, PB Adinaro, J Beck, R Thompson, CM TI Conversion to Atorvastatin in Patients Intolerant or Refractory to Simvastatin Therapy: The CAPISH study SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; STATIN-ASSOCIATED MYOPATHY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; EFFICACY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; PRAVASTATIN; SAFETY AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the safety and efficacy of switching from simvastatin to atorvastatin in patients who had either an inadequate lipid-lowering response with, or an adverse reaction to, simvastatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Conversion to Atorvastatin in Patients Intolerant or Refractory to Simvastatin Therapy (CAPISH) study was designed in 2 parts: a retrospective cohort study of patients (group A), identified from a large pharmacy database, who converted from simvastatin to atorvastatin at a single academic military medical center (between April 1998 and March 2002) and a prospective cohort study of patients (group B) monitored in a lipid clinic at the same institution (between April 2002 and March 2003). Group A was identified by 2 or more simvastatin prescription fills and at least I atorvastatin prescription fill. Group B was identified by a physician-perceived need to switch from simvastatin to atorvastatin. Clinical, pharmaceutical, and laboratory records of both cohorts were reviewed. RESULTS: Approximately 1 in 4 simvastatin-treated patients discontinued therapy during a 4-year period. The most common reason for switching to atorvastatin was inadequate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol control, although asymptomatic creatine kinase (CK) elevation and myalgias were also common. In most cases of myositis and in nearly all cases of rhabdomyolysis, patients were taking 80 mg of simvastatin. Achievement of National Cholesterol Education Program LDL cholesterol goals increased from 25% to 63% in group A and from 13% to 78% in group B, both P < .001. Significant reductions in CK also were seen in both groups. Adherence to atorvastatin was greater than 80% in both groups after 28.1 +/- 13.2 months (group A, 841 patients) and 8.1 +/- 3.8 months (group B, 104 patients). Among patients not taking atorvastatin at follow-up, 58% were no longer taking statins. CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin was well tolerated in patients who previously were taking simvastatin. Serum lipid panels were improved substantially and CK levels were decreased without compromise to patient safety. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Div Cardiovasc Med, F15,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM krasusr@ccf.org NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1163 EP 1168 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 959XL UT WOS:000231552700008 PM 16178496 ER PT J AU Gin, A Movaghar, B Razeghi, M Brown, GJ AF Gin, A Movaghar, B Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Infrared detection from GaInAs/InP nanopillar arrays SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; PHOTODETECTORS; ABSORPTION AB We report on the photoresponse from large arrays of 40 nm radius natropillars with sensitivity in the long-wavelength infrared regime. Using photoluminescence techniques, a peak wavelength blue shift of approximately 5 meV was observed at 30 K from GaInAs/InP nanopillar structures, indicating carrier confinement effects. Responsivity measurements at 30 K indicated peak wavelength response at about 8 Am with responsivity of 420 mA W-1 at -2 V bias. We have also measured the noise and estimated the peak detectivity to be 3 x 10(8) cm Hz(1/2) W-1 at 1 V reverse bias and 30 K. A maximum internal quantum efficiency of 4.5% was derived from experiment. Both the photo and the dark transport have been successfully modelled as processes that involve direct and indirect field-assisted tunnelling as well as thermionic emission. The best agreement with experiment was obtained when allowances were made for the non-uniformity of barrier widths and electric field heating of carriers above the lattice temperature. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gin, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1814 EP 1820 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/9/067 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 967KG UT WOS:000232089500067 ER PT J AU Perry, LAD AF Perry, LAD TI The literary model for Elizabeth Singer Rowe's 'History of Joseph' SO NOTES AND QUERIES LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Perry, LAD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0029-3970 J9 NOTES QUERIES JI Notes Queries PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1093/notesj/gji318 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA 964VQ UT WOS:000231909500026 ER PT J AU Siemon, RE Atchison, WL Awe, T Bauer, BS Buyko, AM Chernyshev, VK Cowan, TE Degnan, JH Faehl, RJ Fuelling, S Garanin, SF Goodrich, T Ivanovsky, AV Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Mokhov, VN Reinovsky, RE Ryutov, DD Scudder, DW Taylor, T Yakubov, VB AF Siemon, RE Atchison, WL Awe, T Bauer, BS Buyko, AM Chernyshev, VK Cowan, TE Degnan, JH Faehl, RJ Fuelling, S Garanin, SF Goodrich, T Ivanovsky, AV Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Mokhov, VN Reinovsky, RE Ryutov, DD Scudder, DW Taylor, T Yakubov, VB TI Stability analysis and numerical simulation of a hard-core diffuse z pinch during compression with Atlas facility liner parameters SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article AB In the 'metal liner' approach to magnetized target fusion (MTF), a preheated magnetized plasma target is compressed to thermonuclear temperature and high density by externally driving the implosion of a flux conserving metal enclosure, or liner, which contains the plasma target. As in inertial confinement fusion, the principal fusion fuel heating mechanism is pdV work by the imploding enclosure, called a pusher in ICF. One possible MTF target, the hard-core diffuse z pinch, has been studied in MAGO experiments at VNIIEF and is one possible target being considered for experiments on the Atlas pulsed power facility. Numerical MHD simulations show two intriguing and helpful features of the diffuse z pinch with respect to compressional heating. First, in two-dimensional simulations the m = 0 interchange modes, arising from an unstable pressure profile, result in turbulent motions and self-organization into a stable pressure profile. The turbulence also gives rise to convective thermal transport, but the level of turbulence saturates at a finite level, and simulations show substantial heating during liner compression despite the turbulence. The second helpful feature is that pressure profile evolution during compression tends towards improved stability rather than instability when analysed according to the Kadomtsev criteria. A liner experiment is planned for Atlas to study compression of magnetic flux without plasma, as a first step. The Atlas geometry is compatible with a diffuse z pinch, and simulations of possible future experiments show that kiloelectronvolt temperatures and useful neutron production for diagnostic purposes should be possible if a suitable plasma injector is added to the Atlas facility. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. All Russian Sci Res Inst Expt Phys, VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 92001 USA. RP Siemon, RE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM siemon@unr.edu RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2005 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1148 EP 1155 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/9/015 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 970ZE UT WOS:000232350100015 ER PT J AU Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD AF Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD TI Receiver operating characteristic and confidence error metrics for assessing the performance of automatic target recognition systems SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE automatic target recognition; receiver operating characteristic; performance metrics AB The ability of certain performance metrics to quantify how well a target recognition system under test (SUT) can correctly identify targets and non-targets is investigated. The SLIT, which may employ optical, microwave, or other inputs, assigns a score between zero and one that indicates the predicted probability of a target. Sampled target and nontarget SUT score outputs are generated using representative sets of beta probability densities. Two performance metrics, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AURC) and the confidence error (CE), are analyzed. The AURC quantifies how well the target and nontarget distributions are separated, and the CE quantifies the statistical accuracy of each assigned score. The CE and AURC were generated for many representative sets of beta-distributed scores, and the metrics were calculated and compared using continuous methods as well as discrete (sampling) methods. Close agreement in results with these methods for the AURC is shown. While the continuous and the discrete CE are shown to be similar, differences are shown in various discrete CE approaches, which occur when bins of various sizes are used. A method for an alternative weighted CE calculation using maximum likelihood estimation of density parameters is identified. This method enables sampled data to be processed using continuous methods. (c) 2005 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parker, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.parker@afit.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 44 IS 9 AR 097202 DI 10.1117/1.2042307 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 981NG UT WOS:000233094700047 ER PT J AU Lowry, TR Gal, TJ Brennan, JA AF Lowry, TR Gal, TJ Brennan, JA TI Patterns of use of facial nerve monitoring during parotid gland surgery SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PARALYSIS; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE: To determine current patterns of use of facial nerve monitoring during parotid gland surgery by otolaryngologists in the United States. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A questionnaire encompassing surgeon training background, practice setting, patterns of facial nerve monitor usage during parotid gland surgery, and history of permanent facial nerve injury or legal action resulting from parotid surgery was mailed to 3139 otolaryngologists in the United States. Associations between facial nerve monitor usage and dependent variables were examined by using the chi(2) test. Magnitudes of the associations were determined from odds ratios calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A 49.3% questionnaire response rate was achieved. Sixty percent of respondents who perform parotidectomy employed facial nerve monitoring some or all of the time. Respondents were 5.6 times more likely to use the monitor in practice if they used it in training and 79% more likely to use it if they performed more than 10 parotidectomies per year. Respondents were 35% less likely to have a history of inadvertent nerve injury if they performed more than 10 parotidectomies per year. Surgeons who employed monitoring in their practice were 20.8% less likely to have a history of a parotid surgery-associated lawsuit. Additional information regarding surgeon demographics, types of nerve monitors used, and reasons for and against monitor usage are discussed. CONCLUSION: Permanent facial nerve paralysis after parotidectomy occurs in 0-7% of cases. Currently, a majority of otolaryngologists in the United States are employing facial nerve monitoring during parotid surgery some or all of the time, even though no studies to date have demonstrated improved outcomes with its use. Physician training background and surgery caseload were significant factors influencing usage of facial nerve monitoring in this study. (C) 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lowry, TR (reprint author), Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, MSGS 74, SGCXL, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.lowry@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 133 IS 3 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.03.010 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 962QU UT WOS:000231748100001 PM 16143172 ER PT J AU Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Goyal, A Gapud, A Heatherly, L Kang, S AF Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Goyal, A Gapud, A Heatherly, L Kang, S TI Deposition of (Y2BaCuO5/YBa2Cu3O7-x) x N multilayer films on Ni-based textured substrates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flux pinning; nanoparticle; YBCO; coated conductor ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; EPITAXIAL DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; THICK-FILMS; GROWTH; TAPES AB Deposition of (Y2BaCuO5-0.5nm/YBa2Cu3O7-x similar to 15nm) x N multilayer films on rolling-assisted biaxially textured Ni-alloy (RABiTS (TM)) substrates was investigated, as a new candidate coated conductor architecture for improved flux pinning. Significant enhancements of critical current density (J(c) > 6-fold were measured for applied magnetic fields up to 7 T at 77 K, for multilayer films compared to YBa2Cu3O7-x-only films. By comparing J(c)(H)/Jc(0 T) plots of films deposited on RABiTS and single-crystal substrates, the relative increase of J(c)(H) from pinning was the same as measured on both substrates. This indicates the varying microstructural properties of the RABiTS templates were, on average, not adversely affecting the pinning enhancements. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP USAF, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 425 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.05.013 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 956HO UT WOS:000231291000003 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Duan, XF Shiffler, DA Pachter, R AF Akdim, B Duan, XF Shiffler, DA Pachter, R TI Theoretical study of the effects of alkali-metal atoms adsorption on Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION PROPERTIES; RADIAL BREATHING MODE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CS DEPOSITION; BUNDLES; CESIUM; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SCATTERING; POTASSIUM; MOLECULES AB Recent experimental characterization of alkali-metal atom adsorption in single-wall carbon nanotubes showed a softening of the Raman modes. To gain insight into the effects of K, Rb, and Cs doping, we report first-principles calculations of the Raman radial breathing and tangential G modes. Structural parameters and charge transfer were examined in order to explain downshifts of the pertinent modes, well-reproduced theoretically. Our study serves as an example of the application of theory to provide justification for models used in interpreting experimental data. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brahim.Akdim@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 12 AR 121402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.121402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 969JC UT WOS:000232229400020 ER PT J AU DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI Kudryavtsev, AA AF DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI Kudryavtsev, AA TI Modification of a nonlocal electron energy distribution in a bounded plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; H TRANSITION; AFTERGLOW PLASMA; METASTABLE ATOMS; NOBLE-GAS; DISCHARGE; KINETICS; ARGON; HYSTERESIS AB It is demonstrated experimentally, in a pulsed discharge, that it is possible to modify the "tail" of a nonlocal electron energy distribution (EED) without significantly changing the electron density and temperature (mean energy). The EED tail is modified by changing the potential of a small portion of the plasma boundary and/or by changing the volume creation rate of electrons with energies in the range of the tail of the EED. The discussed effects are a direct result of the nonlocal nature of the EED and have applications to a number of basic research issues associated with discharges under nonequilibrium conditions. As an example, we discuss the possibility of utilizing these methods to measure electron impact excitation cross sections from the metastable states of atoms, which are difficult to measure by other means. The experiments have been conducted in an argon and argon-nitrogen pulsed rf inductively coupled plasma discharge. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/I-3413-2012 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 AR 036410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.036410 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 969IM UT WOS:000232227800082 PM 16241582 ER PT J AU Druffner, CJ Perram, GP Biggers, RR AF Druffner, CJ Perram, GP Biggers, RR TI Time-of-flight emission profiles of the entire plume using fast imaging during pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-x SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; ABLATION PLUME; DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICS; TARGET; FILMS AB Emission time-of-flight (TOF) profiles have been obtained using gated imagery to further the process control during the pulsed laser deposition of the high temperature superconductor, YBa2Cu3O7-x. An intensified charge coupled device array was used to obtain a sequence of plume images at 10 ns temporal resolution and 0.2 mm spatial resolution. Plume imagery is transformed to TOF profiles and pulse-to-pulse variations removed using physically based smoothing techniques. Comparison with non-imaging sensors establishes excellent agreement, with systematic uncertainties in streaming speed and temperatures of less than 15% and 8%, respectively. The resulting streaming speeds of 0.4-1.2x10(6) cm/s and characteristic temperatures of 20 000-200 000 K are characterized across the full plume. This new imaging TOF technique enables the monitoring of the complete evolution of speed distributions. Indeed, significant deviations from the forward-directed Maxwellian speed distributions are observed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 76 IS 9 AR 093101 DI 10.1063/1.2018503 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 966PZ UT WOS:000232034400002 ER PT J AU Okulicz, JF Lloyd, BA Krause, JO Conger, NG AF Okulicz, JF Lloyd, BA Krause, JO Conger, NG TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of presumed Charcot joint SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Charcot; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; neuropathic arthropathy; osteomyelitis ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; OSTEOARTICULAR TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ARTHRITIS AB A 65-year-old male with peripheral neuropathy and small lymphocytic lymphoma presented with erythema and edema of the left foot. A Charcot midfoot was diagnosed and treated with a total contact cast and restricted weight bearing. However, subsequent analysis of bone and synovial fluid months later revealed Mycobacteritan tuberculosis infection. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Okulicz, JF (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,Attn MMIMR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jason.okulicz@lackland.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 BP 924 EP 926 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000173087.62970.cb PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 969VD UT WOS:000232262500014 PM 16217986 ER PT J AU Autry, C Griffis, SE AF Autry, Chad Griffis, Stanley E. TI A social anthropology of logistics research: Exploring productivity and collaboration in an emerging science SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB For more than forty years, professionals and academics have undertaken scholarly research in the field of logistics, attempting to expand the knowledge base of the discipline, and thereby improve logistics practice. This study represents an initial investigation of logistics researchers who have participated in the development of the field. Using a comprehensive database of published logistics articles from four leading journals, social network theory is applied for analysis of logistics researcher productivity and collaboration. Results of the exploratory study indicate that high levels of researcher productivity are present in logistics; however, the results also show that the discipline would benefit significantly from more collaborative effort blending researcher backgrounds and perspectives across major research groups, which are currently somewhat isolated. Implications for future logistics research are discussed, advocating more collaborative research production within the field. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Autry, C (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM C.Autry@tcu.edu; Stanley.Griffis@afit.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 EYE ST, NW, SUITE 1050, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 27 EP 43 PG 17 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA V44CE UT WOS:000202980000003 ER PT J AU Carr, PH AF Carr, PH TI A theology for evolution: Haught, Teilhard, and Tillich SO ZYGON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the North-American-Paul-Tillich-Society CY NOV 21, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP N Amer Paul Tillich Soc DE being and nonbeing; dynamic dialectic; End of History; horizontal dimension and vertical dimension; K ingdom of God; Omega Point; science and religion AB Paul Tillich and Pierre Tellhard de Chardin both have made contributions to a theology of evolution. In a 2002 essay John Haught expresses doubt that Tilllich's rather classical theology of "being" is radical enough to account for the "becoming" of evolution. Tillich's ontology of being includes the polarity of form and dynamics. Dynamics is the potentiality of being, that is, becoming. Tillich's dynamic dialectic of being and nonbeing is a more descriptive metaphor for the five mass extinctions of evolutionary history than Teilhard's progress. This dialectic is also a more realistic description of cosmic evolution. Tillich's "Kingdom of God" within history as well as "the End of History," in contrast to Teilhard's Omega Point, does not appear to contradict the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which predicts that the universe will ultimately disintegrate. Haught's contrast/contact modes of relating science and religion would regard Teilhard's Omega Point as an expression of spiritual hope and purpose rather than a scientifically verifiable principle. The contrast/contact position is consonant with Tillich's description of religion as part of the vertical dimension of ultimate concern and science as part of the horizontal dimension of relationships between finite objects. Tillich did not share Teilhard's optimistic vision of the future. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Component Technol Branch, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Carr, PH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Component Technol Branch, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM paul.carr2@comcast.net NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0591-2385 J9 ZYGON JI Zygon PD SEP PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 733 EP 738 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2005.00699.x PG 6 WC Social Issues; Religion SC Social Issues; Religion GA 958LA UT WOS:000231448600017 ER PT J AU Kramer, RM Sowards, LA Pender, MJ Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Kramer, RM Sowards, LA Pender, MJ Stone, MO Naik, RR TI Constrained iron catalysts for single-walled carbon nanotube growth SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FERRITIN; CRYSTAL; STORAGE; DPS AB The diameter of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) determines the electronic properties of the nanotube. The diameter of carbon nanotubes is dictated by the diameter of the catalyst particle. Here we describe the use of iron nanoparticles synthesized within the Dps protein cage as catalysts for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The discrete iron particles synthesized within the Dps protein cages when used as catalyst particles gives rise to single-walled carbon nanotubes with a limited diameter distribution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 30 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 18 BP 8466 EP 8470 DI 10.1021/la0506729 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 959WM UT WOS:000231550000056 PM 16114958 ER PT J AU Ahmadjian, M McCarty, RE Nolte, WL AF Ahmadjian, M McCarty, RE Nolte, WL TI AFRL Systems engineering: From the lab to the field SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSOT,Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Plans & Programs Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM mark.ahmadjian@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 28-BMGT BP U651 EP U651 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301297 ER PT J AU Beckel, ER Slocik, JM Jiang, H Enlow, JO Naik, RR Bunning, TJ AF Beckel, ER Slocik, JM Jiang, H Enlow, JO Naik, RR Bunning, TJ TI Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition surface patterning for biological materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 615-POLY BP U4279 EP U4279 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308605 ER PT J AU Blackhurst, JL AF Blackhurst, JL TI Overview of the US Air Force Research Laboratory SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Plans & Programs Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jack.blackhurst@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 13-BMGT BP U647 EP U647 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301291 ER PT J AU Brott, LL Drummy, LF Phillips, DM McAuliffe, JC Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Brott, LL Drummy, LF Phillips, DM McAuliffe, JC Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Preservation and enhancement of biological functionality within polymer matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 34-PMSE BP U3516 EP U3516 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307033 ER PT J AU Choi, JY Wang, DH Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, JY Wang, DH Tan, LS Baek, JB TI Grafting of hyperbranched polyetherketones onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes via A3+B2 approach SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jayoung@chungbuk.ac.kr; Seng.Tan@afrl.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 118-POLY BP U4054 EP U4055 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308118 ER PT J AU Engle, JB AF Engle, JB TI US Air Force science and technology in 2005 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, SAF, AQR, Off Secretary, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM jim.engle@pentagon.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 12-BMGT BP U646 EP U647 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301290 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL AF Farmer, BL TI Materials and manufacturing for air and space SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 15-BMGT BP U648 EP U648 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301293 ER PT J AU Godfrey, BB Carlson, HC AF Godfrey, BB Carlson, HC TI Overview of the Air Force office of scientific research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Force Off Sci Res, CC, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 14-BMGT BP U647 EP U648 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301292 ER PT J AU Gresham, K Bowker, CD Mellott, L Berg, C AF Gresham, K Bowker, CD Mellott, L Berg, C TI Scientific Advisory Board role: A federal advisory committee to the Air Force SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Sci Advisory Board, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM kyle.gresham@pentagon.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 27-BMGT BP U651 EP U651 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301296 ER PT J AU Heil, ML AF Heil, ML TI Rocket propulsion in the 21st century SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, AFRL,PR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.heil@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 25-BMGT BP U650 EP U650 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301294 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, R Farmer, BL AF Heinz, H Vaia, R Farmer, BL TI Self-assembly of alkylammonium chains on montmorillonite: Effect of chain length, head group structure, and cation exchange capacity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 58-POLY BP U4026 EP U4026 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308058 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, R Farmer, BL AF Heinz, H Vaia, R Farmer, BL TI Free energy of exfoliation between layered silicate sheets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 532-PMSE BP U3757 EP U3758 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307526 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Koerner, H Anderson, KL Vaia, RA Farmer, BL AF Heinz, H Koerner, H Anderson, KL Vaia, RA Farmer, BL TI Towards quantitative modeling of surface properties in inorganic-organic hybrid materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 529-PMSE BP U3756 EP U3756 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307523 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Paul, W Binder, K AF Heinz, H Paul, W Binder, K TI Calculation of local pressure tensors in systems with many-body interactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Mainz, Dept Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 320-COMP BP U1407 EP U1407 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302838 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Ligon, SC Mabry, JM Vij, A Smith, DW AF Iacono, ST Ligon, SC Mabry, JM Vij, A Smith, DW TI Surface studies of hybrid materials from silsesquioxanes and perfluorocyclobutyl polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM siacono@clemson.edu; ligons@clemson.edu RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 720-POLY BP U4327 EP U4328 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308705 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Grabow, W Mabry, JM Vij, A AF Iacono, ST Grabow, W Mabry, JM Vij, A TI Synthesis and structural characterization of Trifluoropropyl8T8 POSS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM siacono@clemson.edu RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 536-INOR BP U2263 EP U2263 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797304525 ER PT J AU Justice, RS Anderson, DP Brown, JM Lafdi, K Schaefer, DW AF Justice, RS Anderson, DP Brown, JM Lafdi, K Schaefer, DW TI Morphological characterization of carbon-nanofiber-reinforced epoxy nanocompsites using ultra-small angle scattering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF Acad, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM justicrs@email.uc.edu RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA PMSE-26 BP U3511 EP U3511 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307026 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Oh, SJ Choi, JY Kim, JW Kim, J Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lee, HJ Oh, SJ Choi, JY Kim, JW Kim, J Tan, LS Baek, JB TI Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) via in-situ polymerization of ethylene glycol containing functionalized carbon nanotube and terephthalic acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. Saehan Ind Inc, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Polymer Branch, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM hwajungs@hanmail.net; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 105-POLY BP U4048 EP U4048 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308105 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Vij, A Iacono, ST Grabow, W AF Mabry, JM Vij, A Iacono, ST Grabow, W TI Recent developments in POSS fluoropolymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 717-POLY BP U4326 EP U4326 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797308702 ER PT J AU Pachter, R Akdim, B Duan, XF AF Pachter, R Akdim, B Duan, XF TI Surface adsorption in single-wall carbon nanotubes: Field emission properties from first principles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 236-PMSE BP U3618 EP U3618 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797307232 ER PT J AU Senft, DC Fingers, RT AF Senft, DC Fingers, RT TI New directions in space power systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL,VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM donna.senft@kirtland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 26-BMGT BP U650 EP U651 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797301295 ER PT J AU Tomczak, MM Gupta, MK Naik, RR AF Tomczak, MM Gupta, MK Naik, RR TI One-pot encapsulation of enzymes and nanoparticles using silica precipitating peptides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 6-COLL BP U1039 EP U1040 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797302086 ER PT J AU McHarg, M Chun, F Knipp, D Lu, G Emery, B Ridley, A AF McHarg, M Chun, F Knipp, D Lu, G Emery, B Ridley, A TI High-latitude Joule heating response to IMF inputs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRAL WINDS; HF-RADAR; CUSP; IONOSPHERE; WAVES; MODEL; THERMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS AB [1] We evaluate the response of the high-latitude Joule heating to orientation and magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Approximately 9000 individual Joule heating patterns derived from data assimilation for the northern hemisphere were used to develop averaged and hemispherically integrated Joule power maps for the northern hemisphere north of 40 degrees magnetic latitude. Hemispherically integrated Joule heating increases with IMF magnitude when the IMF is southward, but is relatively unchanged with increased IMF magnitude when the IMF is north. Only a small IMF By effect is evident in the Joule heating patterns. We quantify the IMF effects with linear fits of integrated Joule heating as a function of IMF magnitude for eight different IMF clock angle bins in the GSM Y-Z plane. During extreme northward IMF conditions, Joule heating is restricted to the high latitude dayside. During extreme southward IMF conditions, Joule heating is located predominantly in the auroral region, with increased heating in the morning sector compared to the evening sector. This additional heating may lead to the increased incidence of gravity waves reported in the morning sector. Our estimate of the increase of hemispherically integrated Joule heating with IMF magnitude during southward IMF periods is 13GW/nT. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McHarg, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM matthew.mcharg@usafa.af.mil RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 27 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A8 AR A08309 DI 10.1029/2004JA010949 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 960EM UT WOS:000231573000001 ER PT J AU Gardner, JL Lopez-Puertas, M Funke, B Miller, SM Lipson, SJ Sharma, RD AF Gardner, JL Lopez-Puertas, M Funke, B Miller, SM Lipson, SJ Sharma, RD TI Rotational and spin-orbit distributions of NO observed by MIPAS/ENVISAT during the solar storm of October/November 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NIGHTTIME TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; 5.3 MU-M; EXCITED NITRIC-OXIDE; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; STATE DISTRIBUTION; EMISSION; MODEL; OXYGEN; COLLISIONS; RETRIEVAL AB [1] Aurorally enhanced 5.3 mu m emission from nitric oxide was observed by the MIPAS instrument on board the ENVISAT satellite during the solar storm of October/November 2003. Spectral modeling of the NO(Delta v = 1) fundamental band emissions was performed in order to determine the NO rotational and spin-orbit distributions. In the thermosphere, NO(nu = 1) is produced by collisional excitation of NO(nu = 0) by O atoms and also by the chemical reactions of N(S-4) and N(D-2) atoms with O-2. There are no measurements of the nascent spin-orbit distribution of NO produced by the reaction of N atoms with O-2. Auroral activity leads to increased production of N( 4 S) and N( 2 D) atoms, resulting in enhanced chemical formation of NO. In the MIPAS data taken during the solar storm, strong NO signal levels and increased rotational temperatures indicated high levels of auroral activity. A comparison of the data from October/November 2003 with data taken during a quiescent period in June 2003 showed that NO(nu = 1) produced by N + O-2 has a hotter spin-orbit distribution than NO( v = 1) produced by O atom collisional excitation. The results imply that the spin-orbit ratio may be useful for identifying different sources of NO in the thermosphere. In addition, the NO(nu = 1) spin-orbit distributions were found not to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) for both quiescent and auroral conditions. The non-LTE effects must be taken into account in order to accurately retrieve atmospheric NO concentrations from 5.3 mu m emissions. C1 Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gardner, JL (reprint author), Stewart Radiance Lab, 139 Great Rd, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM jennifer.gardner@hanscom.af.mil RI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008 OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09S34 DI 10.1029/2004JA010937 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 960EP UT WOS:000231573300004 ER PT J AU Rybansky, M Rusin, V Minarovjech, M Klocok, L Cliver, EW AF Rybansky, M Rusin, V Minarovjech, M Klocok, L Cliver, EW TI Reexamination of the coronal index of solar activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE; TERM; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; CYCLES AB [1] The coronal index (CI) of solar activity is the irradiance of the Sun as a star in the coronal green line (Fe XIV, 530.3 nm or 5303 angstrom). It is derived from ground-based observations of the green corona made by the network of coronal stations ( currently Kislovodsk, Lomnicky Stit, Norikura, and Sacramento Peak). The CI was introduced by Rybansky (1975) to facilitate comparison of ground-based green line measurements with satellite-based extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray observations. The CI since 1965 is based on the Lomnicky Stit photometric scale; the CI was extended to earlier years by Rybansky et al. ( 1994) based on cross-calibrations of Lomnicky Stit data with measurements made at Pic du Midi and Arosa. The resultant 1939 - 1992 CI had the interesting property that its value at the peak of the 11-year cycle increased more or less monotonically from cycle 18 through cycle 22 even though the peak sunspot number of cycle 20 exhibited a significant local minimum between that of cycles 19 and 21. Rusin and Rybansky (2002) recently showed that the green line intensity and photospheric magnetic field strength were highly correlated from 1976 to 1999. Since the photospheric magnetic field strength is highly correlated with sunspot number, the lack of close correspondence between the sunspot number and the CI from 1939 to 2002 is puzzling. Here we show that the CI and sunspot number are highly correlated only after 1965, calling the previously-computed coronal index for earlier years ( 1939 - 1965) into question. We can use the correlation between the CI and sunspot number ( also the 2800 MHz radio flux and the cosmic ray intensity) to recompute daily values of the CI for years before 1966. In fact, this method can be used to obtain CI values as far back as we have reliable sunspot observations ( similar to 1850). The net result of this exercise is a CI that closely tracks the sunspot number at all times. We can use the sunspot-CI relationship ( for 1966 - 2002) to identify which coronal stations can be used as a basis for the homogeneous coronal data set (HDS) before 1966. Thus we adopt the photometric scale of the following observatories for the indicated times: Norikura ( 1951 - 1954; the Norikura photometric scale was also used from 1939 to 1954); Pic du Midi ( 1955 - 1959); Kislovodsk ( 1960 - 1965). Finally, we revised the post-1965 HDS and made several small corrections and now include data from Kislovodsk, Norikura, and Sacramento Peak to fill gaps at Lomnicky Stit. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Tatranska Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rybansky, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Tatranska Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. EM rybansky@ta3.sk; vrusin@ta3.sk; milanmin@ta3.sk; lklocok@ta3.sk; edward.cliver@hanscom.af.mil NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A8 AR A08106 DI 10.1029/2005JA011146 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 960EJ UT WOS:000231572700007 ER PT J AU Smithtro, CG Sojka, JJ AF Smithtro, CG Sojka, JJ TI A new global average model of the coupled thermosphere and ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EUV IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; SCHUMANN-RUNGE CONTINUUM; INTENSE SOLAR-CYCLE; ATOMIC OXYGEN; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IONIZATION FREQUENCIES; AERONOMIC CALCULATIONS; PHOTOELECTRON FLUX AB A model representing the global average ionosphere and thermosphere ( GAIT) is developed as a tool to explore the response of the coupled system to changes in the input solar irradiance between 3 and 360 nm. The GAIT model self- consistently solves the coupled continuity, momentum, and energy equations for the three major neutral species, N-2, O-2, and O, as well as minor neutral constituents important to the global energy budget. In the ionosphere the model includes five different ion species and two excited states of O+. The GAIT model also includes an approximate treatment of photoelectrons, in order to calculate secondary ionization and thermal electron volume heating rates. After examining the sensitivity of the GAIT model to uncertainties in key reaction rates and inputs, we consider its response to four different extreme ultraviolet irradiance models. With three of the irradiance models we reproduce the expected variation in exospheric temperature to within 2%; however, the dynamic range of the fourth is deemed to be too small. We conclude with an analysis of the model's wavelength- dependent sensitivity to input solar photons. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Smithtro, CG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.smithtro@afit.edu NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 18 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A8 AR A08305 DI 10.1029/2004JA010781 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 957XL UT WOS:000231406600001 ER PT J AU Smithtro, CG Sojka, JJ AF Smithtro, CG Sojka, JJ TI Behavior of the ionosphere and thermosphere subject to extreme solar cycle conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EUV IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; PEAK ELECTRON-DENSITY; GROUP SUNSPOT NUMBERS; ACTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC HELIUM; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MEAN STRUCTURE; TIME PERIODS; MODEL AB A 1- D global average ionosphere and thermosphere ( GAIT) model is used to examine the climatological behavior of the upper atmosphere, subject to both extremely low and high solar flux. These extremes are justified, in part, by the Maunder Minimum and Grand Maximum epochs described by J. A. Eddy, as well as other studies involving cosmogenic isotopes and Sun- like stars. As the irradiance falls below normal solar minimum levels, the concentration of O+ decreases rapidly relative to the molecular ions, such that the ratio f(o)F(2)/f(o)F(1) approaches unity. When subject to exceptionally high solar fluxes, the ionospheric peak electron density ( NmF2) unexpectedly plateaus, remaining relatively constant even as the photon flux continues to increase. In both cases, the state of the underlying thermosphere, particularly the neutral gas temperature, is found to be largely responsible. Model trends are discussed in relation to ionospheric observations, specifically the preponderance of so- called ionospheric G conditions at solar minimum and f(o)F(2) saturation at solar maximum, as well as the problem of Earth's global helium budget. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Smithtro, CG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.smithtro@afit.edu NR 54 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 18 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A8 AR A08306 DI 10.1029/2004JA010782 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 957XL UT WOS:000231406600002 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS Boatz, JA AF Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS Boatz, JA TI Triazolium-based energetic ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; CRYSTALLINE AMMONIUM DINITRAMIDE; PROTON-TRANSFER; POLYFLUOROALKYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLIUM SALTS; NITRATE CLUSTERS; N-AMINOAZOLES; MOLTEN-SALTS; SOLID-STATE; BASIS-SETS AB The energetic ionic liquids formed by the 1,2,4-triazolium cation family and dinitramide anion are investigated by ab initio quantum chemistry calculations, to address the following questions: How does substitution at the triazolium ring's nitrogen atoms affect its heat of formation, and its charge delocalization? What kind of ion dimer structures might exist? And, do deprotonation reactions occur, as a possible first step in the decornposition of these materials?. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 83 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 18 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 32 BP 7285 EP 7295 DI 10.1021/jp058149q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 954TR UT WOS:000231178300034 PM 16834094 ER PT J AU Edwards, AH Pineda, AC Schultz, PA Martin, MG Thompson, AP Hjalmarson, HP AF Edwards, AH Pineda, AC Schultz, PA Martin, MG Thompson, AP Hjalmarson, HP TI Theory of persistent, p-type, metallic conduction in c-GeTe SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; FILMS AB It has been known for over twenty years that rhombohedral c-germanium telluride is predicted to be a narrow gap semiconductor. However, it always displays p-type metallic conduction. This behaviour is also observed in other chalcogenide materials, including Ge2Sb2Te5, commonly used for optically and electrically switched, non-volatile memory, and so is of great interest. We present a theoretical study of the electronic structure of the perfect crystal and of the formation energies of germanium/tellurium vacancy and antisite defects in rhombohedral germanium telluride. We find that germanium vacancies are by far the most readily formed defect, independent of Fermi level and of growth ambient. Moreover, we predict that the perfect crystal is thermodynamically unstable. Thus, the predicted large equilibrium densities of the germanium vacancy of similar to 5 x 10(19) cm(-3) results in a partially filled valence band and in the observed p-type conductivity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Computat Mat Methods, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Edwards, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 17 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 32 BP L329 EP L335 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/32/L01 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960FT UT WOS:000231576300002 ER PT J AU Amer, MS Elliott, JA Maguire, JF Windle, AH AF Amer, MS Elliott, JA Maguire, JF Windle, AH TI Calculations of the Raman spectra of C-60 interacting with water molecules SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE-CONSTANT MODEL; CARBON NANOTUBES; FULLERENE C-60; VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENT AB Molecular mechanics and semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations were conducted to investigate the effect of water interaction on the Raman spectra of C-60 fullerene. It was found that the frequency of the fullerene surface modes H-g(7), A(2g), and H-g(8) shifts to higher wavenumbers as the number of interacting water molecules increased. The Raman peak shift was non-linear and showed an intermediate plateau related to structural changes in the surrounding water molecules. The average C-C bond length was found to be essentially constant within 0.002 angstrom, indicating constant volume for the fullerene molecule. The current results confirm the suitability of C-60 in applications as nanosensor to investigate liquid structures and transitions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amer, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 209 Russ Engn Ctr,3640 Col Glenn HYW, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM maher.amer@wright.edu RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009; Elliott, James/A-4135-2009 OI Elliott, James/0000-0002-4887-6250 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 411 IS 4-6 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.06.057 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 952IO UT WOS:000230997400022 ER PT J AU Wallace, WH Bushway, KE Miller, SD Delcomyn, CA Renard, JJ Henley, MV AF Wallace, WH Bushway, KE Miller, SD Delcomyn, CA Renard, JJ Henley, MV TI Use of in situ-generated dimethyldioxirane for inactivation of biological agents SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; TOXIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; DECONTAMINATION; DIOXIRANES; REACTIVITY; MECHANISMS; CHEMISTRY; OXIDANTS; SPORES AB Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), generated in situ by adding acetone to an aqueous solution containing potassium peroxymonosulfate (Oxone) at neutral pH, was investigated for inactivation of biological warfare agent simulants. The DMD0 solution inactivated bacterial spores, fungal spores, vegetative bacterial cells, viruses, and protein by 7 orders of magnitude in less than 10 min. The kill rates of DMDO were more pronounced when compared to kill rates of buffered Oxone alone. Conditions for the use of DMDO as a biological decontaminant were optimized by evaluating the effects of age and temperature on open systems. DMDO effectiveness was compared to that of current decontaminant solutions such as DS2 (used by the U.S. military), bleach, and hydrogen peroxide and was shown to be superior in achieving a 7-log kill of Bacillus atrophaeus, a Bacillus anthracis spore simulant. The results demonstrate the potential for DMDO to fill the need for a noncorrosive, nontoxic, and environmentally safe decontaminant. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Henley, MV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM mike.henley@tyndall.af.mil OI wallace, william, hamish/0000-0001-8080-5674 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 16 BP 6288 EP 6292 DI 10.1021/es0501969 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 955CR UT WOS:000231203100054 PM 16173594 ER PT J AU Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS AF Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS TI Subspace identification for non-linear systems with measured-input non-linearities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; WIENER SYSTEMS; HAMMERSTEIN SYSTEMS; NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; PARAMETER-IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; CONSISTENCY; VARIABLES; MATRICES AB This paper uses subspace methods to identify a class of multi-input multi-output discrete-time non-linear time-varying systems. Specifically, we identify systems that are non-linear in measured data and linear in unmeasured states. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the method. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lacy, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM seth.lacy@kirtland.af.mil NR 58 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 78 IS 12 BP 906 EP 926 DI 10.1080/00207170500214095 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 949ZM UT WOS:000230827400003 ER PT J AU Busani, T Devine, RAB AF Busani, T Devine, RAB TI The importance of network structure in high-k dielectrics: LaAlO3, Pr2O3, and Ta2O5 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; GATE DIELECTRICS; DEPOSITION; IONS; POLYMORPHISM; CONSTANT; SILICON; LA2O3 AB Measurements of the dielectric constant of amorphous and crystalline Pr2O3 are reported. The high value similar to 25 for the polycrystalline phase is discussed in terms of the network structure and comparison is made with heavy rare-earth oxide values. The specific cases of LaAlO3 and Ta2O5 are also discussed and the role of network structure evidenced and elucidated. A potential route to finding high k materials suitable for microelectronics applications is suggested. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87177 USA. CNRS, Electrostat & Mat Dielect Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Devine, RAB (reprint author), CHTM, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM devine@chtm.unm.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 AR 044102 DI 10.1063/1.2012513 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 959XD UT WOS:000231551700072 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Dente, GC AF Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Dente, GC TI Performance comparison of optically pumped type-II midinfrared lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS AB We report a comparative study on the performance of three optically pumped, type-II quantum well lasers with differing quantum well (QW) confinement. One of the active regions emphasized hole confinement, another emphasized electron confinement, while the third incorporated both electron and hole confinements. In all cases the wells were inserted in a thick InxGa1-xAsySb1-y waveguide/absorber region. The lasing wavelengths at 84 K were 2.26, 3.44, and 2.37 mu m, respectively. The maximum peak output powers and differential quantum efficiencies eta at 84 K were similar for the hole well and W lasers (approximate to 13 W,eta approximate to 0.55), but significantly reduced in the electron-well-only laser (2.3 W,eta=0.14). Waveguide loss measurements via the traditional quantum efficiency versus cavity length method and by a Hakki-Paoli method revealed that all three lasers had low waveguide loss that either increased slowly or not at all with increasing temperature. However, the laser's internal efficiency, eta(i), showed a linear decline with increasing temperature, with the eta(i) of the electron-well-only laser significantly less than the other two. The data suggest that for antimonide-based type-II designs, strong hole confinement is essential for improved performance. The data further suggest that it is hole leakage from the QW and/or hole dilution that is largely responsible for the degradation in laser performance. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@kirtland.af.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 AR 043108 DI 10.1063/1.2010627 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 959XD UT WOS:000231551700009 ER PT J AU Yang, JY Brown, GJ Dutta, M Stroscio, MA AF Yang, JY Brown, GJ Dutta, M Stroscio, MA TI Photon absorption in the Restrahlen band of thin films of GaN and AlN: Two phonon effects SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODES AB Wurtzite semiconductors exhibit strong carrier-phonon coupling as well as strong Restrahlen-related absorption of radiation due to the interaction with optical phonons. For the GaN and AlN wurtzites studied here, the optical phonon frequencies fall in the infrared region. With the transverse-optical phonon frequency omega(t), and longitudinal-optical phonon frequency omega(l), when light with frequencies omega(t) 10(-4) s(-1)) is probably needed to account for the rapid motion of the inner edge of the plasma sheet ( or the ring current) population to a higher L value; ( 4) Both the simulated and observed field-aligned current (FAC) distributions show multiple current sheets, rather than the normally expected two current sheets. Fluctuations in the polar cap potential and the plasma sheet density are believed to cause the multiple sheets of field-aligned currents; ( 5) The equatorward edge of the Region 2 type field-aligned currents was observed to expand as low as 40 degrees MLAT, which is consistent with the simulation; and ( 6) The convection pattern can be much more complicated than an average one due to a strong Region 2 FAC. A noticeable feature was the reversal of the zonal ionospheric plasma flow that emerged on the dawnside. In particular, a westward flow was observed in the equatorial region of the eastward plasma flow at dawn. Its speed had a local maximum of about 5 degrees equatorward of the flow reversal. The flow reversal is thought to have resulted from the relatively strong shielding electric field. C1 Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, 1-9-10 Kaga, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. EM ebihara@nipr.ac.jp; mei-ching.h.fok@nasa.gov; sazykin@rice.edu; mthomsen@lanl.gov; hairston@utdallas.edu; david.s.evans@noaa.gov; frederick.rich@hanscom.af.mil; ejiri@nipr.ac.jp RI Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008; Ebihara, Yusuke/D-1638-2013; Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012 OI Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248; Ebihara, Yusuke/0000-0002-2293-1557; Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137 NR 73 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 11 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A9 AR A09S22 DI 10.1029/2004JA010924 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 957PT UT WOS:000231383700001 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Heckman, E Grote, J Hopkins, F Neidhard, R Nykiel, E AF Subramanyam, G Heckman, E Grote, J Hopkins, F Neidhard, R Nykiel, E TI Microwave dielectric properties of marine DNA based polymers SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave dielectric properties; polymers; coplanar waveguide ID PERMITTIVITY; FILMS AB Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based polymer thin-films are characterized at microwave frequencies. The dielectric properties of the films are extracted from comparison of the propagation constants of the co-planar waveguide (CPW) lines on bare MgO substrates and the DNA-based films on MgO substrates. The insertion loss introduced by an undoped DNA-based polymer film is only 0.1 dB at 10 GHz and 0.5 dB; :at 30 GHz. A red-dye-doped DNA polymer film exhibited higher losses. The relative dielectric constant of the undoped DNA-based film averages to 4 at microwave frequencies, and the loss-tangent is below 0.1 up to 30 GHz. The dielectric Properties of a 5% red-dye-doped DNA polymer film is compared to that of the pare DNA film. The DR1 doped DNA film exhibits 0.4-dB higher loss at 10 GHz and 0.9-dB higher loss at 30 GHz. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 College Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1002/mop.20965 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 940WW UT WOS:000230177600024 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR AF Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR TI Compact differences scheme applied to simulation of low-sweep delta wing flow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; VORTEX STRUCTURE; EQUATIONS; ANGLE AB Computational simulations are presented of the flow over a 50-deg sweep delta wing for angles of attack a 5, 10, and 15 deg. The full Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a sixth-order compact differencing scheme coupled with an eighth-order low-pass spatial filter to provide numerical stability. For the 5-deg angle-of-attack case, a dual primary vortex system develops. over the wing. At the higher angles of attack, this dual vortex. structure diminishes and is replaced by a more classic primary, secondary, tertiary vortex structure. For alpha = 10 and 15 deg, the flow becomes increasingly unsteady with vortex breakdown occurring over the wing. For this low-sweep angle, the vortex core does not exhibit the distinct spiral winding normally present in vortex breakdown for higher sweep angles. A transition from jetlike to wakelike flow does occur in the vortex core with the corresponding switch in sign of azimuthal vorticity. No actual flow reversal is observed in the mean flow, despite isolated pockets of reversed axial flow being present in the instantaneous flow. The onset of breakdown is le ss abrupt than that observed over slender delta wings, with the breakdown region having. a more conical shape. These breakdown features make it more difficult to, define a specific location for the vortex breakdown point. Upstream of breakdown, a periodic wandering of the vortex core is observed, which results from the formation and shedding of vortical structures in the shear layer emanating from the leading edge of the delta wing and from the eruptive response of the secondary flow. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1744 EP 1752 DI 10.2514/1.5403 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 950OR UT WOS:000230867300012 ER PT J AU Wattendorf, DJ Hadley, DW AF Wattendorf, DJ Hadley, DW TI Family history: The three-generation pedigree SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RATIONALE; RECOMMENDATION; GENETICS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREVENTION; MEDICINE AB The collection of a family history ranges from simply asking patients if family members have the same presenting illness to diagramming complex medical and psychosocial relationships as part of a family genogram. The three-generation pedigree provides a pictorial representation of diseases within a family and is the most efficient way to assess hereditary influences on disease. Two recent events have made family history assessment more important than ever: the completion of the Human Genome Project with resultant identification of the inherited causes of many diseases, and the establishment of national clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews of preventive interventions. The family history is useful in stratifying a patient's risk for rare single-gene disorders and more common diseases with multiple genetic and environmental contributions. Major organizations have endorsed using standardized symbols in pedigrees to identify inherited contributions to disease. C1 USAF, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wattendorf, DJ (reprint author), USAF, NHGRI, NIH, Bldg 31,Room 4B09, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dwatten@mail.nih.gov NR 29 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 441 EP 448 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 953EL UT WOS:000231059300011 PM 16100858 ER PT J AU DeMartini, CSD Dalton, MAJSR Ferringer, T Elston, DM AF DeMartini, CSD Dalton, MAJSR Ferringer, T Elston, DM TI Melan-A/MART-1 positive "pseudonests" in lichenoid inflammatory lesions: An uncommon phenomenon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; LYMPHOCYTES C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Danville, PA 17822 USA. Bassett Army Hosp, Dept Pathol, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. RP DeMartini, CSD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1097/01.dad.0000157446.60118.d9 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 960DS UT WOS:000231571000024 PM 16121069 ER PT J AU Fournier, D Trott, S Hawari, J Spain, J AF Fournier, D Trott, S Hawari, J Spain, J TI Metabolism of the aliphatic nitramine 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal by Methylobacterium sp strain JS178 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X NIGRA DN34; RHODOCOCCUS SP; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; BIODEGRADATION; DN22; INSIGHT AB The aliphatic nitramine 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB; C(2)H(5)N(3)O(3)) is a ring cleavage metabolite that accumulates during the aerobic degradation of the energetic compound hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazirie (RDX) by various Rhodococcus spp. NDAB is also produced during the alkaline hydrolysis of either RDX or octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine (HMX) and during the photolysis of RDX. Traces of NDAB were observed in a soil sampled from an ammunition-manufacturing facility contaminated with both HMX and RDX, suggesting natural attenuation. In this study, we report the isolation of a soil bacterium that is able to degrade NDAB under aerobic conditions. The isolate is a pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph affiliated with the genus Methylobacterium. The strain, named Methylobacterium sp. strain JS178, degrades NDAB as a sole nitrogen source, with concomitant growth and formation of I molar equivalent of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Comparison of the growth yield of strain JS178 grown on NDAB, nitrite (NO(2)(-)), or ammonium (NH(4)(+)) as a nitrogen source revealed that I N equivalent is assimilated from each mole of NDAB, which completes the nitrogen mass balance. In radiotracer experiments, strain JS178 mineralized 1 C of the [(14)C]NDAB produced in situ from [(14)C] RDX by Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22. Studies on the regulation of NDAB degradation indicated that allantoin, an intermediate in the purine catabolic pathway and a central molecule in the storage and transport of nitrogen in plants, up-regulated the enzyme(s) involved in the degradation of the nitramine. The results reveal the potential for the sequential participation of rhodococci and methylobacteria to effect the complete degradation of RDX. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4199 EP 4202 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4199-4202.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 954OX UT WOS:000231165500006 PM 16085803 ER PT J AU Boston, MM Ruwe, E Duggins, A Willging, JP AF Boston, MM Ruwe, E Duggins, A Willging, JP TI Internet use by parents of children undergoing outpatient otolaryngology procedures SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pediatric-Otolaryngology CY MAY 02-03, 2004 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol ID PEDIATRIC-SURGERY; HEALTH INFORMATION AB Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence of Internet medical information searches by parents prior to their child's surgical procedure, and (2) to evaluate whether Internet-based health information influences parents' medical decisions on behalf of their children. Design: A questionnaire designed to gather information regarding preoperative use of the Internet by parents of children who were scheduled to undergo outpatient otolaryngology procedures. Parents were asked to respond to questions regarding Internet searches for information specific to their child's diagnosis and anticipated surgical procedure. Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Results: Internet access was available to 83% of respondents. Of those parents with Internet access, 48% searched the Internet for information regarding their child's diagnosis and surgical procedure. Of those who searched the Internet, 93% said they found information that was both understandable and helpful. More important, 84% of parents using the Internet said the information influenced or somewhat influenced the medical decisions they made on behalf of their child. Only 43% of parents discussed the information they found on the Internet with their child's surgeon. Conclusions: Approximately 50% of the parents in our study with Internet access used it to find medical information prior to their child's surgery. Parents who used the Internet found the information helpful and influential, although physicians remain the most important source of information that guides a parent or patient in their medical decision making. Ideally, surgeons would direct parents or patients to a few trusted Internet sites and be prepared to discuss this information. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Boston, MM (reprint author), USAF, 56 MDOS SGOSL,7219 Litchfield Rd, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. EM mark.boston@luke.af.mil NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 131 IS 8 BP 719 EP 722 DI 10.1001/archotol.131.8.719 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 952VU UT WOS:000231034600011 PM 16103305 ER EF