FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R TI TDDFT study of one- and two-photon absorption properties: Donor-pi-acceptor chromophores SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; EXCITED SINGLET-STATE; ABSORBING FLUORENE DERIVATIVES; SYMMETRY-ADAPTED-CLUSTER; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; SAC CI THEORIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; EXCITATION-ENERGIES AB We report a comprehensive time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) study of one-photon and two-photon absorption (OPA and TPA, respectively) spectra for donor-pi-acceptor molecules. The calculated excitation energies were generally shown to be in good agreement with experiment, particularly when compared to results from measurements carried out in a nonpolar solvent, although the oscillator strengths were overestimated in some cases. Calculated TPA cross sections applying the two-state approximation were shown to be highly dependent on the form of the line-shape function used. Although a good agreement with experimental TPA spectra was generally observed, the wide range in the experimentally measured values and lack of systematic experimental data on solvent effects limited a detailed comparison as yet. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 103 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1803 EP 1814 DI 10.1021/jp047511i PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 894GW UT WOS:000226779900028 PM 16851162 ER PT J AU Basu, B AF Basu, B TI Characteristics of electromagnetic Rayleigh-Taylor modes in nighttime equatorial plasma SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT EQUILIBRIUM; INSTABILITY AB The unstable Rayleigh-Taylor plasma modes that are believed to be responsible for the density irregularities in the nighttime F region equatorial ionosphere have been studied before by assuming that the modes are electrostatic. In this paper, these plasma modes are studied without such assumption in order to determine the strength and the characteristics of the magnetic field fluctuations and to determine the physical condition under which the electrostatic assumption is justified. It is found that the relevant magnetic field fluctuations ( e B-rho), which arise from the fluctuating parallel (to B-0) current density, are associated with the shear Alfven waves. The parameter that determines the amplitude of e B-rho is alpha(s) equivalent to D-m(s)k(phi)(2)/gamma, where D(m)k(phi)(2) represents the rate at which magnetic field fluctuations with perpendicular wavelength lambda(phi)( equivalent to2pi/k(phi)) diffuse away due to parallel resistivity and g is the rate at which the fluctuations grow. Typically, alpha much greater than 1 in the equatorial ionosphere, which means that the excited magnetic field fluctuations diffuse at a rate much faster than their growth rate and, consequently, their amplitudes remain very small (compared to B-0). Thus the Rayleigh-Taylor modes in the equatorial ionosphere are predominantly electrostatic in nature, and the electrostatic assumption of the previous analyses is quite justified. If the maximum amplitude of the electric field fluctuations (e(phi)) is taken to be 1 mV/m, then the maximum amplitude of gamma Br is found to be less than 0.2 nT when lambda(phi) is 500 m, and it increases to about 2.4 nT when lambda(phi) is 20 km. Longer wavelength modes have somewhat larger magnetic field fluctuations, but their growth rates are smaller. While the maximum amplitude of E-phi occurs at the magnetic equator, that of occurs at a distance away from it. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM bamandas.basu@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A2 AR A02303 DI 10.1029/JA010659 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 898HH UT WOS:000227067000002 ER PT J AU Devine, RAB Busani, T AF Devine, RAB Busani, T TI Molecular volume dependence of the electronic and ionic polarizabilities in TiO2 and SiO2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The molecular volume dependence of the ionic and electronic parts of the molecular polarizability in SiO2 and TiO2 polymorphs is examined. It is demonstrated that their variation should not be neglected when using models such as the "additivity rule" to predict multicomponent oxide dielectric constants. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. CNRS, LEMD, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Devine, RAB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM devine@chtm.unm.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 AR 062902 DI 10.1063/1.1861511 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 902KQ UT WOS:000227355200055 ER PT J AU Purkayastha, A Su, J Carlisle, S Tibbetts, C Seto, D AF Purkayastha, A Su, J Carlisle, S Tibbetts, C Seto, D TI Genomic and bioinformatics analysis of HAdV-7, a human adenovirus of species B1 that causes acute respiratory disease: implications for vector development in human gene therapy SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human adenovirus type 7; HAdV-B1 species; human gene therapy vector; acute respiratory disease ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CELL-INTERACTIONS; DNA-SEQUENCE; LIVE TYPE-7; PROTEIN-IX; SUBGROUP-C; VIRUS; CHIMPANZEE AB Human adenovirus serotype 7 (HAdV-7) is a reemerging pathogen identified in acute respiratory disease (ARD), particularly in epidemics affecting basic military trainee populations of otherwise healthy young adults. The genome has been sequenced and annotated (GenBank accession no. AY594255). Comparative genomics and bioinformatics analyses of the HAdV-7 genome sequence provide insight into its natural history and phylogenetic relationships. A putative origin of HAdV-7 from a chimpanzee host is observed. This has implications within the current biotechno logical interest of using chimpanzee adenoviruses as vectors for human gene therapy and DNA vaccine delivery. Rapid genome sequencing and analyses of this species B1 member provide an example of exploiting accurate low-pass DNA sequencing technology in pathogen characterization and epidemic outbreak surveillance through the identification, validation, and application of unique pathogen genome signatures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USAF, HQ, Surg Gen Off, SGR,Directorate Modernizat, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EOS Consortium, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. CBI, Richmond, VA 23235 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, 10900 Univ Blvd,MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM dseto@gmu.edu NR 75 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2005 VL 332 IS 1 BP 114 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.10.041 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 892ZM UT WOS:000226688500012 PM 15661145 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL TI First-principles calculations of the adsorption of nitromethane and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) molecules on the alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OXIDE SURFACES; METALS; ENERGY; DECOMPOSITION; TAUTOMERISM; DYNAMICS; SOLIDS AB First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been used to study the adsorption of nitromethane (NM) and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) molecules on the basal plane of an (alpha-Al2O3 crystal. The calculations employ a (2 x 2) supercell slab model and 3D periodic boundary conditions. On the basis of these calculations, we have determined that both NM and FOX-7 molecules can adsorb nondissociatively on the surface with the most stable adsorption configurations parallel to the surface. The binding energies are in the range 25.3-26.0 kcal/mol for NM and 35.6-48.3 kcal/mol for FOX-7 depending on the relative molecular orientation and the surface sites. The minimum energy pathways for NM dissociation have been determined, and a low-energy pathway leading to H-atom elimination with formation of adsorbed CH2NO2 and hydroxyl species has been identified. Additional calculations have focused on adsorption properties of aci-nitromethane tautomers and on description of the energetic pathways connecting adsorbed nitromethane molecule with these tautomers. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1451 EP 1463 DI 10.1021/jp046193k PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 892CE UT WOS:000226626500019 PM 16851116 ER PT J AU Pedersen, TR Gerken, EA AF Pedersen, TR Gerken, EA TI Creation of visible artificial optical emissions in the aurora by high-power radio waves SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Generation of artificial light in the sky by means of high-power radio waves interacting with the ionospheric plasma has been envisaged since the early days of radio exploration of the upper atmosphere, with proposed applications ranging from regional night-time street lighting to atmospheric measurements(1). Weak optical emissions have been produced for decades in such ionospheric 'heating' experiments, where they serve as key indicators of electron acceleration, thermal heating, and other effects of incompletely understood wave - particle interactions in the plasma under conditions difficult to replicate in the laboratory(2). The extremely low intensities produced previously have, however, required sensitive instrumentation for detection, preventing applications beyond scientific research. Here we report observations of radio-induced optical emissions bright enough to be seen by the naked eye, and produced not in the quiet midlatitude ionosphere, but in the midst of a pulsating natural aurora. This may open the door to visual applications of ionospheric heating technology or provide a way to probe the dynamics of the natural aurora and magnetosphere. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Pedersen, TR (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM todd.pedersen@hanscom.af.mil OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 433 IS 7025 BP 498 EP 500 DI 10.1038/nature03243 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 893NT UT WOS:000226727200041 PM 15690034 ER PT J AU Adelgren, RG Yan, H Elliott, GS Knight, DD Beutner, TJ Zheltovodov, AA AF Adelgren, RG Yan, H Elliott, GS Knight, DD Beutner, TJ Zheltovodov, AA TI Control of Edney IV interaction by pulsed laser energy deposition SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-SHOCK INTERACTION; LEADING-EDGE; BLAST WAVE; INTERFERENCE; BREAKDOWN; GASES; FLOW; DISCHARGE; BEAM AB An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser energy addition on the shock structures and surface pressure in a Mach 3.45 flow past a sphere. Two configurations were considered: 1) a sphere in a uniform freestream and 2) an Edney IV interaction generated by impingement of an oblique shock on the bow shock of the sphere. For laser energy addition upstream of the sphere in a uniform freestream, schlieren images show that the interaction of the blast wave and thermal spot cause the bow shock to move upstream while creating an expansion wave that propagates to the sphere surface. This results in a momentary 40% decrease of centerline surface pressure. The effect of the energy deposition was relatively consistent for laser energies ranging from 13 to 283 mJ/pulse. For laser energy addition upstream of an oblique shock interacting with the sphere's bow shock (Edney IV interaction), a similar thermal lensing evolution is observed, but is asymmetric due to the presence of the oblique shock. The embedded jet characteristic of the Edney IV type interaction is also perturbed as the thermal spot first interacts with the oblique shock and then the bow shock, momentarily decreasing the peak surface pressure caused by the jet by 30 %. C1 USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Seperated Flows Res Grp, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Adelgren, RG (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 83 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 256 EP 269 DI 10.2514/1.7036 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 892CD UT WOS:000226626400003 ER PT J AU Hou, JF Cross, C AF Hou, JF Cross, C TI Minimizing blade dynamic response in a bladed disk through design optimization SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION PHENOMENA; MISTUNED ASSEMBLIES; FORCED VIBRATIONS; CYCLIC SYMMETRY AB A study is presented on minimizing the maximum dynamic response in a mistuned bladed disk through design optimization. A well-studied spring-lumped-mass system was used to model a bladed disk, and the problem was formulated as a constrained, nonlinear optimization process. Intentional mistuning is introduced by varying the blade mass within a given range. An intentional mistuning pattern described in a polynomial form was then solved iteratively to search for the optimized mistuning pattern that produces the smallest maximum blade response amplitude over a given range of excitation frequencies. It was found that the dynamic amplification factor of the maximum responding blade can be reduced to a range between 20 and 40% less than the tuned system for several combinations of engine excitation orders and coupling ratio. The comparison of results shows that this reduction is more effective than the harmonic or linear mistuning patterns proposed in the literature. The effectiveness of the optimized mistuning patterns was examined through Monte Carlo simulations. The optimized mistuning patterns were found to reduce the maximum blade response for all engine excitation orders in the presence of random mistuning. Hence, it may be possible to reduce significantly the maximum blade response levels in bladed disks by implementing an optimized intentional mistuning pattern. C1 Def Sci & Technol Org, Air Vehicles Div, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Fatigue Facil, Propuls Directorate,Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hou, JF (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, Air Vehicles Div, 506 Lorimer St, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.2514/1.11526 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 892CD UT WOS:000226626400017 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MW Lee, JC Atwood, JE Marcus, RR Eckart, RE AF Kolasa, MW Lee, JC Atwood, JE Marcus, RR Eckart, RE TI Rotation of QT(c) duration heterogeneity to mortality following orthotopic heart transplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION; QT DISPERSION; INTERVAL AB Studies of heart failure patients have demonstrated that serial QT prolongation and abnormally prolonged QT intervals are associated with greater mortality. Serial QT interval measurements in patients who undergo orthrotopic heart transplantation (OHT) may quantify the degree of myocardial repolarization heterogeneity and serve as a marker of arrhythmogenic substrate. In this study, the mean survival for those with "stable" QT(c) intervals (a change of -10 to 10 ms/year) was 124 +/- 8 months versus 63 +/- 25 months in those with annual QT(c) changes of >10 ms (p = 0.009). Ventricular repolarization heterogeneity may serve as a marker of identifying high-risk patients after OHT. (C) 2005 by Excerpta Medica Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Serv Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Med, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kolasa, MW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Serv Cardiol, 220 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM maik.kolosa@lackland.af.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 431 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.09.053 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 892WD UT WOS:000226679800029 PM 15670564 ER PT J AU Fries, MH Bashford, M Nunes, M AF Fries, MH Bashford, M Nunes, M TI Implementing prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis in routine obstetric practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Medical-Genetics CY MAR 13-16, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE prenatal screening; cystic fibrosis; genetic counseling ID AMERICANS; MUTATIONS; PANEL AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of the type of prescreening counseling on choices for prenatal cystic fibrosis screening. Study design: From October 2001 to November 2002, regardless of ethnicity, all prenatal patients (n = 855) at the Air Force Medical Genetics Center, Biloxi, Miss, received education on prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis by group genetic counseling either by a presentation by a genetics professional (430 patients) or by a similar audiovisual presentation only (425 patients). A combination pretest/posttest document was used to evaluate learning and served as the consent. Partner testing was recommended for mutation-positive patients. Results: Filly-eight percent patients requested screening, of whom 68% were white. Regardless of the type of counseling, patients showed an improvement in knowledge based on pre- and postlest scores. There was no significant difference in choices to undergo screening on the basis of counseling method. Fifteen mutation carriers were identified. Only 6 partners of mutation-positive patients were available and consented to be tested. To date, no infants have been born with cystic fibrosis. Conclusion: Audio-visual counseling is an effective means to educate patients about genetic screening and does not require a trained genetics professional to administer. Partner testing in mobile populations may prove problematic. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Ctr Genet Med, Keesler AFB, MS USA. INOVA Med Ctr, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Fries, MH (reprint author), APG, Dept Med Genet, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mfries@usuhs.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 192 IS 2 BP 527 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.028 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 897FI UT WOS:000226989000034 PM 15695998 ER PT J AU Dykes, TM Stone, AB Canby-Hagino, ED AF Dykes, TM Stone, AB Canby-Hagino, ED TI Radiologic-pathologic conference of Wilford Hall Medical Center: Coccidioidomycosis of the epididymis and testis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dykes, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thomas.dykes@lackland.af.mil OI Dykes, Thomas/0000-0003-1877-7662 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 184 IS 2 BP 552 EP 553 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 895MV UT WOS:000226868300034 PM 15671378 ER PT J AU Learn, PA Espat, NJ Watkins, KT AF Learn, PA Espat, NJ Watkins, KT TI Eliminating pancreatic leak in distal resection SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Cancer Symposium CY MAR 03-06, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Surg Oncol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Stony Brook Univ Hosp, Stony Brook, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 SU S BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 895FU UT WOS:000226847100215 ER PT J AU Mattes, TE Coleman, NV Spain, JC Gossett, JM AF Mattes, TE Coleman, NV Spain, JC Gossett, JM TI Physiological and molecular genetic analyses of vinyl chloride and ethene biodegradation in Nocardioides sp strain JS614 SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE linear plasmid; alkene oxidation; bioremediation; vinyl chloride ID DISULFIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE; ALKENE MONOOXYGENASE; EPOXIDE METABOLISM; DNA-SEQUENCE; XANTHOBACTER; EXPRESSION; PY2; ENZYMES; CLUSTER; CLONING AB Nocardioides sp. strain JS614 utilizes vinyl chloride and ethene as carbon and energy sources. JS614 could be influential in natural attenuation and biogeochemical ethene cycling, and useful for bioremediation, biocatalysis and metabolic engineering, but a fundamental understanding of the physiological and genetic basis of vinyl chloride and ethene assimilation in strain JS614 is required. Alkene monooxygenase (AkMO) activity was demonstrated in whole-cell assays and epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase (EaCoMT) activity was detected in JS614 cell-free extracts. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a 290-kb plasmid (pNoc614) in JS614. Curing experiments and PCR indicated that pNoc614 encodes vinyl chloride/ethene-degradation genes. JS614 vinyl chloride/ethene catabolic genes and flanking DNA (34.8 kb) were retrieved from a fosmid clone. AkMO and EaCoMT genes were found in a putative operon that included CoA transferase, acyl-CoA synthetase, dehydrogenase, and reductase genes. Adjacent to this gene cluster was a divergently transcribed gene cluster that encoded possible coenzyme M biosynthesis enzymes. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated the vinyl chloride- and ethene-inducible nature of several genes. Genes encoding possible plasmid conjugation, integration, and partitioning functions were also discovered on the fosmid clone. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Mol & Microbial Biosci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. AFRL MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mattes, TE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 4105 Seamans Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM tim-mattes@uiowa.edu NR 36 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 183 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s00203-004-0749-2 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 893YX UT WOS:000226758100003 PM 15599705 ER PT J AU Buzasi, DL Bruntt, H Bedding, TR Retter, A Kjeldsen, H Preston, HL Mandeville, WJ Suarez, JC Catanzarite, J Conrow, T Laher, R AF Buzasi, DL Bruntt, H Bedding, TR Retter, A Kjeldsen, H Preston, HL Mandeville, WJ Suarez, JC Catanzarite, J Conrow, T Laher, R TI Altair: The brightest delta Scuti star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; VARIABLE-STARS; A-TYPE; ROTATION; CATALOG; VELOCITIES AB We present an analysis of observations of the bright star Altair (alpha Aql) obtained using the star camera on the Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) satellite. Although Altair lies within the delta Scuti instability strip, previous observations have not revealed the presence of oscillations. However, the WIRE observations show Altair to be a low-amplitude (Deltam < 1 parts per thousand [ppt]) delta Scuti star with at least seven modes present. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada 18080, Spain. CALTECH, Interferometry Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM derek.buzasi@usafa.af.mil; bruntt@phys.au.dk; bedding@physics.usyd.edu.au; retter@astro.psu.edu; hans@phys.au.dk; heather.preston@usafa.af.mil; jody.mandeville@usafa.af.mil; jcsuarez@iaa.es; Joseph.H.Catanzarite@jpl.nasa.gov; tim@ipac.caltech.edu; laher@ipac.caltech.edu RI Suarez, Juan Carlos/C-1015-2009 OI Suarez, Juan Carlos/0000-0003-3649-8384 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 619 IS 2 BP 1072 EP 1076 DI 10.1086/426704 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 891NZ UT WOS:000226589100037 ER PT J AU Higgins, J VanWest, B AF Higgins, J VanWest, B TI NDE and repair of damaged Minotaur fairing shell SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Damage Assessment of Composite Structures CY NOV 20, 2003 CL Monash Univ, Monash, AUSTRALIA HO Monash Univ DE grid-stiffened; failure criteria; composite; fairing; NDE; repair; ultrasound AB A composite grid-stiffened structural concept was selected for the payload fairing of the Minotaur launch vehicle. Compared to sandwich structures, this concept has the advantages of lower manufacturing costs and lighter weight. Various failure modes were examined for the composite grid-stiffened Structure. The controlling criterion for this design was a joint failure in tension between the ribs and skin of the structure. The identification of this failure mechanism and the assessment of bounding strains required to control it required extensive test and analysis effort. Increasing skin thickness to control skin buckling resulted in reduced, strains between the skin and ribs. During the final steps of manufacture of this composite structure an industrial accident occur-red resulting in extensive damage to one half of the fairing. The failure modes developed during the design of the fairing were used to identify probable regions of damage and effective means of repair for this structure. Conventional ultrasound NDE confirmed that extensive disbonding of fibs and skin had occurred in portions of the damaged fairing half-shell. The resulting repair procedures were applied and the structural testing procedure was modified to insure that the repairs had minimal impact on the test results. The structure has passed structural flight qualification and a second unit is being prepared for launch in 2005. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Higgins, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM john.higgins@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 67 IS 2 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.09.032 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 889HN UT WOS:000226434200008 ER PT J AU McBride, BT Peterson, GL Gustafson, SC AF McBride, BT Peterson, GL Gustafson, SC TI A new blind method for detecting novel steganography SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE steganlography; steganalysis; blind classification; Jpeg; geometric clustering AB Steganography is the art of hiding a message in plain sight. Modern steganographic tools that conceal data in innocuous-looking digital image files are widely available. The use of such toots by terrorists, hostile states, criminal organizations, etc., to camouflage the planning and coordination of their illicit activities poses a serious challenge. Most steganography detection toots rely on signatures that describe particular steganography programs. Signature-based classifiers offer strong detection capabilities against known threats, but they suffer from an inability to detect previously unseen forms of steganography. Novel steganography detection requires an anomaly-based classifier. This paper describes and demonstrates a blind classification algorithm that uses hyper-dimensional geometric methods to model steganography-free jpeg images. The geometric model, comprising one or more convex polytopes, hyper-spheres, or hyper-ellipsoids in the attribute space, provides superior anomaly detection compared to previous research. Experimental results show that the classifier detects, on average, 85.4% of Jsteg steganography images with a mean embedding rate of 0.14 bits per pixel, compared to previous research that achieved a mean detection rate of just 65%. Further, the classification algorithm creates models for as many training classes of data as are available, resulting in a hybrid anomaly/signature or signature-only based classifier, which increases Jsteg detection accuracy to 95%. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rent.mcbride@maxwell.af.mil; gitbert.peterson@afit.edu; stevengustafson@afit.edu NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVESTIG JI Digit. Investig. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 50 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2005.01.003 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 050YA UT WOS:000238124900018 ER PT J AU Liu, H Yang, ZH Gaulke, MS AF Liu, H Yang, ZH Gaulke, MS TI Structural identification and finite element modeling of a 14-story office building using recorded data SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE recorded seismic data; structural identification; finite element modeling ID SITE RESPONSE; ALASKA; ANCHORAGE AB Presented is a detailed case study on structural identification and Finite Element (FE) modeling of a 14-story office building. Specifically, system identification tools were used to identify the structural dynamic properties based on recorded seismic data. This identified model was compared with a model based on IBC 2000 using the fundamental period, design response spectral acceleration, and base shear. The two models were found to be about 20% different in these parameters. Then, a series of three-dimensional FE models were created to study various approaches for improving the accuracy of FE models quantitatively. Sensitivity study shows that the most effective ways to improve the accuracy of linear FE models are to refine the mass calculation and consider the panel zone rigidity of the beam/column connections for this type of structure. Simulated seismic responses were compared with the observed responses and it is found that a FE model can be calibrated to give a good prediction of earthquake response. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, Sch Engn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Yang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Engn, 3211 Providence Ave, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM afhl@uaa.alaska.edu; afzy@uaa.alaska.edu; michael.s.gaulke@usace.army.mil NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 463 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.11.012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 904AT UT WOS:000227468100015 ER PT J AU Pravecek, TL Christman, RF Pfaender, FK AF Pravecek, TL Christman, RF Pfaender, FK TI Impact of imposed anaerobic conditions and microbial activity on aqueous-phase solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pyrene; soil; oxidation-reduction potential ID TITANIUM(III) CITRATE; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHENANTHRENE; REDUCTION; PYRENE; 2-BROMOETHANESULFONATE; BIODEGRADATION; RHIZOBIUM; TRANSPORT; SORPTION AB The influence of anaerobic conditions on aqueous-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability was investigated in laboratory microcosms. Highly aged (>70 years), PAH-contaminated soil was incubated under anaerobic conditions by using various anaerobic headspaces, anaerobic headspaces with an oxygen-scavenging complex (titanium(III) citrate) in the aqueous phase, or anaerobic headspaces with electron-acceptor amendments in the aqueous phase. Incubation of soil solely under anaerobic conditions resulted in increased aqueous concentrations of all PAHs tested (fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene). Benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene extractable concentrations were above aqueous solubility, by as much as an order of magnitude for the latter. The degree of solubility increase observed was a function of molecular weight of the PAH regardless of initial soil concentration, suggesting formation of stable PAH-soluble organic matter associations. The soil samples incubated aerobically for 90 d before imposition of anaerobic conditions did not release PAHs to the aqueous phase. Methanogenic organisms and sulfate-reducing bacteria were seen to have the most significant effect on increases in aqueous-phase PAHs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons made more soluble under anaerobic conditions was available to be degraded or transformed under aerobic conditions. C1 USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, AWC CPC, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Pfaender, FK (reprint author), USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, AWC CPC, 325 Chennault Circle, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. EM fred_pfaender@unc.ed FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES05948] NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1897/04-109R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 888LM UT WOS:000226375600006 PM 15719987 ER PT J AU Savona, MR Jacobsen, MD James, R Owen, MD AF Savona, MR Jacobsen, MD James, R Owen, MD TI Ultraviolet radiation and the risks of cutaneous malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer: perceptions and behaviours of Danish and American adolescents SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE adolescents; Denmark; skin cancer; sun exposure; survey; United States ID SUN-PROTECTION; SUNSCREEN USE; ATTITUDES; EXPOSURE; PREVENTION; KNOWLEDGE; STRATEGIES; AUSTRALIA; EDUCATION; STUDENTS AB The highest prevalence rates of skin malignancy in the northern hemisphere occur in Scandinavia and the United States (USA). Most Danes and Americans receive 50% of their lifetime ultraviolet (UV) radiation before the age of 21, making it important to address sun exposure risks with adolescents. The project was undertaken to determine differences between Danish and American adolescents in knowledge of sun exposure and skin malignancy, activities accounting for sun exposure, and means used for sun protection. Questionnaires regarding skin cancer and sun exposure were distributed to 674 secondary school age students in Hilleroed, Denmark, and to 483 similarly aged students in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. Differences in responses between and within groups were compared. American adolescents had more knowledge of the characteristics and malignant potential of melanoma than did Danish adolescents. Danish youth and females from both countries were significantly more likely to engage in sunbathing and tanning bed use. Black Danish students reported significantly more sunburn and were more likely to sunbathe or use a tanning bed than were black American students. Danish students were more likely than Americans to use sunscreen, however, Americans were more likely to apply sun protective factor (SPF) 15 or greater. In conclusion, given that sunbathing and tanning bed use are associated with the development of precancerous lesions and skin malignancy, Danish teens are at increased risk. The rates of skin malignancy are relatively high in Scandinavia and efforts to improve understanding of exposure and cancer risks should be undertaken in adolescents. (C) 2005 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. Cent Hosp Hillerod, Dept Internal Med, Hillerod, Denmark. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Savona, MR (reprint author), Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 101 Bodin Circle, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. EM msavona@charter.net NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-8278 J9 EUR J CANCER PREV JI Eur. J. Cancer Prev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1097/00008469-200502000-00008 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 901QX UT WOS:000227298100008 PM 15677896 ER PT J AU Armacost, AP Lowe, JK AF Armacost, AP Lowe, JK TI Decision support for the career field selection process at the US Air Force Academy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE manpower planning; human resources; military; linear programming; network flows ID MODEL; NAVY; SPECIALIZATION; SYSTEM AB Each year, the US Air Force Academy graduates nearly 1000 young men and women. To support the decision of which cadets will be classified into which career fields, we describe a linear programming formulation with appealing computational properties that enable it as the core of a decision support tool. We explore methods for measuring and balancing cadets' class standing, Air Force career field requirements, and cadets' career field preferences in the context of this model. Our computational experiments demonstrate the improvement of this method over previous classification approaches, yielding more than 10% increase in the number of cadets assigned to their top career field choice and yielding nearly a 100% reduction in the number of cadets not receiving any of their career field choices. We also explore alternative methods for measuring cadets' career field preferences and demonstrate the positive effect of the new measurement scheme on the overall classification. Because of the short running time of this model, it will serve as a flexible. real-time component of the Academy's classification process. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lowe, JK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H242, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM andy.armacost@usafa.af.mil; jim.lowe@usafa.af.mil NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 160 IS 3 BP 839 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2002.11.001 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 858LM UT WOS:000224193300016 ER PT J AU Disimile, PJ Tucker, JR Croswell, B Davis, JM AF Disimile, PJ Tucker, JR Croswell, B Davis, JM TI The transport of water sprays past generic clutter elements found within engine nacelles SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fire suppression; engine nacelle; clutter; two-phase coflow AB The current work is presented as part of an effort to develop a spray transport model that would be used within the computational fire code currently under development by Sandia National Laboratory. As part of a halon replacement research program. new high-boiling-point chemical suppressants have been identified. These agents would discharge in a liquid state and initially result in the transport of liquid droplets through a portion of the naoelle. impinging on various objects prior to reaching the fire zone. The goal of this research effort is to enhance the fundamental knowledge of spray interactions with clutter (e.g., obstacles representing fuel and hydraulic lines, electrical wire bundles. etc). This paper reports on an experimental investigation into the effect of generic cylindrical clutter elements on the performance of a suppressant spray impinging on various clutter densities and porosities. Specifically the amount of agent (water/air spray) that is transported through a generic clutter configuration is presented as a function of clutter spacing and surrounding air. The air coflow speed was set between 0.5 and 6.5 m/s at nominal turbulence levels of 10%. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Test Wing Aerosp Survivabil & Safety Flight 46, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, UC FEST Res Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Disimile, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Test Wing Aerosp Survivabil & Safety Flight 46, 2700 D St,Bldg 1661, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.disimile@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2004.08.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 888WC UT WOS:000226403900004 ER PT J AU Cain, CP Thomas, RJ Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Kennedy, PK Buffington, GD Rockwell, BA AF Cain, CP Thomas, RJ Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Kennedy, PK Buffington, GD Rockwell, BA TI Sub-50-fs laser retinal damage thresholds in primate eyes with group velocity dispersion, self-focusing and low-density plasmas SO GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN THRESHOLDS; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; OPTICAL-BREAKDOWN; 1ST-ORDER MODEL; PULSES; WATER; COMPUTATION; NANOSECOND; GENERATION; PATHOLOGY AB Background: In vivo retinal injury studies using sub-50-femtosecond laser pulses in the near-infrared must consider nonlinear effects such as group velocity dispersion (GVD), self-focusing, laser-induced breakdown (LIB) and low-density plasmas (LDPs). In this paper we present the results of our theoretical calculations of nonlinear effects and our experimental measurements for the visible lesion thresholds in live eyes. We compare these values with the measured LIB and LDP thresholds in an artificial eye. All three thresholds were measured with and without pre-chirping the input pulse to compensate for GVD effects. Methods: We recorded the minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds in vivo for sub-50-fs laser pulses, with and without pre-chirping the input pulses. In addition, we measured the LIB and LDP thresholds, with and without pre-chirping, within an artificial eye. Different degrees of pre-chirping were required to give optimal compensation for GVD in the live eye and the artificial eye. Probit analysis was used on all data, and comparisons among thresholds were made, to determine the effects on the three thresholds of chirp compensation for GVD. Results: Results of our nonlinear modeling and calculations for GVD compensation, self-focusing, LIB, and low-density plasmas were compared with our experimental results using live eyes and the artificial eye. The damage threshold in live eyes dropped in energy from 0.25 muJ, for the flat-phase input, to 0.17 muJ when optimally chirped pulses were used, while the LIB threshold was reduced from 0.29 muJ to 0.19 muJ with optimally chirped pulses. The LDP threshold dropped from 0.21 muJ to 0.14 muJ with the pre-chirped pulse. At 44 fs, these energies produced peak powers at least twice the calculated critical power that produces nonlinear self-focusing and beam collapse, for propagation of non-aberrated gaussian beams in a uniform medium. Conclusions: Based on our measurements of the MVL thresholds, with and without GVD compensation, we conclude that the visible lesion thresholds produced by 44 fs pulses in rhesus eyes are increased in energy due to GVD. The MVL ED50 was reduced by one third when the pulse was pre-chirped to compensate for GVD in the eye. This reduction in amplitude also holds true in the artificial eye for the LIB ED50 bubble thresholds and the LDP ED50 plasma channels, when using pre-chirped pulses versus non-chirped pulses. We also conclude from the data presented that low-density plasmas, and not LIB cavitation bubbles, are the probable mediating factor at the visible lesion thresholds observed within live eyes, for pulse durations at and below 50 fs. Therefore, the plasma channel created by LDPs is the major damage mechanism, if not the only damage mechanism, at MVL threshold energies for these pulse durations. C1 AFRL HEDO, US Air Force Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Phys, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Cain, CP (reprint author), Northrop Grumman IT, Suite B-100,4241 Woodcock Dr, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM Clarence.Cain@brooks.af.mil NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-832X J9 GRAEF ARCH CLIN EXP JI Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 243 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00417-004-0924-9 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 902PK UT WOS:000227368800003 PM 15241612 ER PT J AU Dauwalter, CR Ha, JC AF Dauwalter, CR Ha, JC TI Magnetically suspended MEMS spinning wheel gyro SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB A novel concept of a magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyro is described. The gyro is based on a novel, patented, planar magnetic actuator and position sensor configuration with a gyro wheel that is rotated by a multi-phase electromagnetic spin motor. The motor and actuator/sensor configurations, in addition to providing the necessary forces to suspend the spinning wheel, are amenable to fabrication using some of the developing MEMS fabrication technologies, making batch fabrication of the gyro possible. This will provide the capability for high production yield in high volume through the use of batch processing, without the need for skilled hand labor, resulting in high yields, high reliability, and low cost of ownership. The gyro concept is described in detail. The high-speed rotation of the wheel, somewhat smaller than a dime, can produce an angular momentum much larger than that of the Coriolis force based MEMS gyros now receiving intensive development, and is expected to provide considerably higher performance than currently available from this class of instrument. Two axes of angular rate information and three axes of acceleration information are provided by the control loops that center the wheel within the case. Thus, two such magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyros can be used to implement a complete IMU, and can also provide redundancy in three of the five degrees of freedom. C1 MilliSensor Syst & Actuators Inc, W Newton, MA 02465 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNRP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dauwalter, CR (reprint author), MilliSensor Syst & Actuators Inc, 93 Border St, W Newton, MA 02465 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1109/MAES.2005.1397145 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 900GF UT WOS:000227202700005 ER PT J AU Goobic, AP Tang, JS Acton, ST AF Goobic, AP Tang, JS Acton, ST TI Image stabilization and registration for tracking cells in the microvasculature SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active contour; leukocyte; registration; stabilization ID LEUKOCYTES IN-VIVO; MOUSE MODEL; L-SELECTIN; INFLAMMATION; RECRUITMENT; SNAKES; SYSTEM; MOTION AB We propose a registration system to be used for tracking cells in intravital video microscopy that 1) stabilizes jitter-the undesired translational displacement of frames due to respiratory movement, etc., and 2) registers frames in a moving field of view (FOV) to allow for cell tracking over an extended range. For the first time, tracking of rolling leukocytes in vivo over a moving FOV is demonstrated. In a fixed FOV, stable background regions are located using a morphological Approach. Template subregions are then selected from the stable regions and matched to corresponding locations in a reference frame. We show the effectiveness of the stabilization algorithm by using an active contour to track 15 leukocytes previously untrackable due to jitter. For 30 fixed FOV sequences containing rolling leukocytes, the resulting root-mean-square error (RMSE) is less than 0.5 mum. To align frames in a moving FOV, we, present a modified correlation approach to estimate, the common region between two consecutive fixed FOVs. We correlate the overlapping regions of the initial frame of the current fixed FOV and the final frame of the previous fixed FOV to register the images in the adjoining moving FOV. The RMSE of our moving FOV. registration technique was less than 0.6 mum. In 10 sequences from different venules, we were able to track 11 cells using an active contour approach over moving FOVs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Virginia, VIVA, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Goobic, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM acton@virginia.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL68510] NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1109/TBME.2004.840468 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 889ML UT WOS:000226447000015 PM 15709666 ER PT J AU Ngauy, V Lemeshev, Y Sadkowski, L Crawford, G AF Ngauy, V Lemeshev, Y Sadkowski, L Crawford, G TI Cutaneous melioidosis in a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; THAILAND AB Melioidosis, an infection caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Human infection is acquired through contact with contaminated water via percutaneous inoculation. Clinical manifestations range from skin and soft tissue infection to pneumonia with sepsis. We report a case of a man who was taken as a prisoner of war by the Japanese during World War II who presented with a nonhealing ulcer on his right hand 62 years after the initial exposure. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, VA Mycol Reference Lab, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Ngauy, V (reprint author), SGOMI, 89MDOS, Andrews AFB, TX USA. EM viseth.ngauy@andrews.af.mil NR 11 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 970 EP 972 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.2.970-972.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 897ZO UT WOS:000227045600081 PM 15695721 ER PT J AU Baughman, SM Bishoff, JT Zimmerman, MK Carter, MR Kerby, JD Watkins, KT AF Baughman, SM Bishoff, JT Zimmerman, MK Carter, MR Kerby, JD Watkins, KT TI Case report: Serial percutaneous cholangioscopy with laser ablation for the management of locally recurrent biliary intraductal papillary mucinous tumor SO JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE biliary intraductal papillary mucinous tumor; endoscopy; thermal ablation ID BILE-DUCTS; PANCREAS; CHOLEDOCHOSCOPY; CANCER; IPMT AB We present a case of serial cholangioscopic laser fulguration of a biliary recurrence of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor in a 76-year-old man. Through established percutaneous biliary drain tracts, the aseptic use of a standard 6.9 F ureteroscope and holmium laser fiber facilitated visual ablation within the biliary tree. Quarterly cholangioscopic laser ablation provided safe and effective local control without biliary infectious complications. This case appears to be the first treatment of recurrent intrabiliary intraductal papillary mucinous tumor by serial antegrade choledocoscopy and laser photocoagulation. Effective local control appears possible with minimal morbidity. Standard ureteroscopic equipment facilitates safe and efficient percutaneous antegrade choledocoscopy. (J GASTROINTEST SURG 2005;9:215-218) (C) 2005 The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Alabama, Sect Trauma Burns & Crit Care, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Watkins, KT (reprint author), HSC, Dept Surg, T19-020, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM ktwatkins@earthlink.net OI Kerby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7368-1124 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1091-255X J9 J GASTROINTEST SURG JI J. Gastrointest. Surg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.gassur.2004.07.005 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 900QB UT WOS:000227228300008 PM 15694817 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Latham, WP Beraun, JE AF Chen, JK Latham, WP Beraun, JE TI The role of electron-phonon coupling in ultrafast laser heating SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ultrashort-pulse laser; temperature-dependent electron-phonon coupling; laser ablation; phase explosion ID METAL-FILMS; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; PHASE EXPLOSION; GOLD-FILMS; ABLATION; RELAXATION; MECHANISMS AB Most of the ultrafast laser heating analysis to date has been accomplished with a constant electron-phonon coupling factor (G). Due to the significant changes in the electron and lattice temperature caused by high-power laser heating, G could be temperature dependent. In this article a phenomenological temperature-dependent G is introduced to simulate ultrafast laser heating in metals. The electron temperature and the ablation depth computed with the temperature-dependent G compare well with experimental data. (C) 2005 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Laser Effects Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Laser Effects Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 36 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 20 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.2351/1.1848522 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 901RM UT WOS:000227299600009 ER PT J AU Fragomeni, J Wheeler, R Jata, KV AF Fragomeni, J Wheeler, R Jata, KV TI Effect of single and duplex aging on precipitation response, microstructure, and fatigue crack behavior in Al-Li-Cu alloy AF/C-458 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE aging; aluminum-lithium-copper; fatigue; hardness; microstructure; precipitation strengthening; quantitative microscopy ID PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; ZR ALLOY; LITHIUM; PARTICLES; GROWTH; SLIP AB The interrelationships between precipitate characteristics and mechanical properties of Al-Li-Cu alloy AF/C-458 were quantified. The microstructure, precipitation response, and fatigue crack growth (FCG) rates in the Al-Li-Cu alloy AF/C-458 were studied following single and duplex aging treatments for varying aging times on specimens that were given a 6% stretch after solution heat treatment. The aging response was studied using hardness and compression yield strength measurements. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy methods were used to characterize average size, volume fraction, number density, and interparticle spacing of strengthening precipitates [i.e., delta' (Al3Li) and T-1 (Al2CuLi)]. Strength and FCG rates for select heat treatments were obtained and were related to the precipitate microstructure and yield strength data. C1 Univ Detroit Mercy, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Engn Mech, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Airforce Res Lab,Metals Ceram & Nondestruct Evalu, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fragomeni, J (reprint author), Univ Detroit Mercy, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Engn Mech, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. EM jamesfrag@yahoo.com NR 36 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1361/10599490522329 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 902GV UT WOS:000227343700003 ER PT J AU Au, WW Lee, E Christiani, DC AF Au, WW Lee, E Christiani, DC TI Biomarker. research in occupational health SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID S-PHENYLMERCAPTURIC ACID; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; DNA-REPAIR GENES; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; BENZENE METABOLISM; HUMAN SENSITIVITY; LIVER-MICROSOMES; LUNG-CANCER; EXPOSURE; RISK AB Objectives: A variety of biomarkers have been used to study worker populations, and these studies have achieved different levels Of success in the improvement of occupational health. Methods: Successful application of biomarker research is dependent upon several important factors: ability to identify hazardous substances from the exposure to a variety of substances, relevance to the development of disease, and usefulness for health risk assessment. Results: Besides the traditional biomarkers for exposure, biological effects, and health risk, new biomarkers for susceptibility and genome-wide responses are being used to improve our understanding of occupational health at a higher and, perhaps, more precise level. Conclusions: In addition, there is a continued need to develop and apply biomarkers that can be used to provide real-time detection Of excessive exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace, especially from unexpected fugitive emissions. These topics are discussed in the review. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Program, Boston, MA USA. US Air Force, Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Au, WW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, 2-102 Ewing Hall,700 Harborside Dr, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM william.au@utmb.edu NR 92 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000152922.03953.9a PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 898LL UT WOS:000227078200006 PM 15706174 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD van Nostrand, JE Claflin, B Liu, Y Nathan, MI Ruden, PP AF Albrecht, JD van Nostrand, JE Claflin, B Liu, Y Nathan, MI Ruden, PP TI Electrical and magnetic characteristics of MBE-grown GaMnN SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Physics and Applications of Spin-Related Phenomena in Semiconductors CY JUL 21-23, 2004 CL Santa Barbara, CA DE GaMnN; ferromagnetic semiconductor; molecular beam epitaxy; hydrostatic pressure ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; DOPED GAN; FILMS; FERROMAGNETISM AB We present magnetometry and charge transport data for a GaMnN film with approximately 7% (atomic) Mn grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Measurements of magnetization vs. applied magnetic field show hysteresis consistent with the existence of ferromagnetism up to 300 K. Magnetization curves as a function of temperature indicate a phase transition near 170 K. Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements show n-type characteristics with high carrier concentration and low mobility, which are both only weakly dependent on temperature. Piezoresistance measurements under hydrostatic pressure yield pressure coefficients that show little variation for temperatures of 77, 194, and 300 K. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNDD, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNDD, AFRL, Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s10948-005-2152-x PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 913DM UT WOS:000228131800013 ER PT J AU Fujita, H Levi, CG Zok, FW Jefferson, G AF Fujita, H Levi, CG Zok, FW Jefferson, G TI Controlling mechanical properties of porous mullite/alumina mixtures via precursor-derived alumina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE; POROSITY; MODULUS; DEPENDENCE; MATRICES; STRENGTH AB This study focuses broadly on synthesis and characterization of porous mullite/alumina mixtures for use as matrices in oxide fiber composites. Specifically, an assessment is made of the utility of a precursor-derived alumina (PDA) in controlling both the modulus and the toughness of mullite-rich particle mixtures. Property changes are probed through models of the mechanical behavior of bonded particle aggregates. Consideration of the conditions needed to cause crack deflection at a fiber-matrix interface yields an upper allowable limit on the concentration of PDA to ensure damage tolerance in a fiber composite. The predicted critical concentration lies in the range of about 7-9%, depending on the mullite/alumina ratio in the particle slurry and the subsequent aging treatment. Values slightly below this limit should yield composites that exhibit a desirable balance between fiber- and matrix-dominated properties. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zok, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM zok@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 23 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00061.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 904PM UT WOS:000227510200020 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MW O'Bryan, C Krasuski, R Roman-Gonzalez, J Hall, W AF Kolasa, MW O'Bryan, C Krasuski, R Roman-Gonzalez, J Hall, W TI Myocardial scar morphology as determined by magnetic resonance imaging identifies substrate for ventricular tachycardia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 06, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Cardiol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU A BP 109A EP 109A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 894RB UT WOS:000226808200475 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Cheruku, K Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL AF Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Cheruku, K Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL TI Comparison of echocardiographic predictors of clinical events in patients with predominantly systolic or diastolic dysfunction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 06, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Cardiol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU A BP 132A EP 132A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 894RB UT WOS:000226808200576 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Black, SA Maranian, AM AF Krasuski, RA Black, SA Maranian, AM TI Even short-duration exercise training improves brain natiuretic peptide and C-reactive protein levels in severely deconditioned patients with coronary disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 06, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Cardiol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU A BP 188A EP 188A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 894RB UT WOS:000226808200824 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL AF Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL TI Statin therapy is critical in heart failure patients who meet national cholesterol education panel high risk criteria SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 06, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Cardiol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU A BP 390A EP 390A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 894RB UT WOS:000226808201686 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Smith, B Wang, A Harrison, JK Johnson, M Pierce, C Tapson, VF Bashore, TM AF Krasuski, RA Smith, B Wang, A Harrison, JK Johnson, M Pierce, C Tapson, VF Bashore, TM TI What definition of vasoreactivity to inhaled nitric oxide best predicts mortality risk in patients with pulmonary hypertension? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 54th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 06, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Cardiol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 SU A BP 411A EP 411A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 894RB UT WOS:000226808201779 ER PT J AU Purkayastha, A Ditty, SE Su, J McGraw, J Hadfield, TL Tibbetts, C Seto, D AF Purkayastha, A Ditty, SE Su, J McGraw, J Hadfield, TL Tibbetts, C Seto, D TI Genomic and bioinformatics analysis of HAdV-4, a human adenovirus causing acute respiratory disease: Implications for gene therapy and vaccine vector development SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR LATE PROMOTER; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MILITARY TRAINEES; DNA-REPLICATION; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TYPE-4 INFECTION; TISSUE-CULTURE; US MILITARY; FIBER GENE AB Human adenovirus serotype 4 (HAdV-4) is a reemerging viral pathogenic agent implicated in epidemic outbreaks of acute respiratory disease (ARD). This report presents a genomic and bioinformatics analysis of the prototype 35,990-nucleotide genome (GenBank accession no. AY594253). Intriguingly, the genome analysis suggests a closer phylogenetic relationship with the chimpanzee adenoviruses (simian adenoviruses) rather than with other human adenoviruses, suggesting a recent origin of HAdV-4, and therefore species E, through a zoonotic event from chimpanzees to humans. Bioinformatics analysis also suggests a pre-zoonotic recombination event, as well, between species B-like and species C-like simian adenoviruses. These observations may have implications for the current interest in using chimpanzee adenoviruses in the development of vectors for human gene therapy and for DNA-based vaccines. Also, the reemergence, surveillance, and treatment of HAdV-4 as an ARD pathogen is an opportunity to demonstrate the use of genome determination as a tool for viral infectious disease characterization and epidemic outbreak surveillance: for example, rapid and accurate low-pass sequencing and analysis of the genome. In particular, this approach allows the rapid identification and development of unique probes for the differentiation of family, species, serotype, and strain (e.g., pathogen genome signatures) for monitoring epidemic outbreaks of ARD. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USAF, Surg Gen Off, Directorate Moderizat, HQ, Falls Church, VA USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Consortium, Falls Church, VA USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, 10900 Univ Blvd,MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM dseto@gmu.edu NR 96 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 79 IS 4 BP 2559 EP 2572 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.4.2559-2572.2005 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 894DZ UT WOS:000226772100057 PM 15681456 ER PT J AU Buchanan, KC AF Buchanan, KC TI No vote SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Vet Resources, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Buchanan, KC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Vet Resources, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.1038/laban0205-18b PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 894PE UT WOS:000226803300003 PM 15685183 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Pagano, NJ AF Buryachenko, VA Pagano, NJ TI The multiscale analysis of multiple interacting inclusions problem: Finite number of interacting inclusions SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Review DE microstructures; inhomogeneous material; elastic material ID EFFECTIVE THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; VOLUME INTEGRAL-EQUATION; ELASTIC HALF-PLANE; EQUIVALENT INCLUSION; LINEAR ELASTICITY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRESS-FIELDS; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; SINGULAR-INTEGRALS; FIBROUS COMPOSITES AB A hybrid method based on the combination of the volume integral equation (VIE) method and the boundary integral equation (BIE) method is proposed for the micro-macro solution of elastostatic 2D and 3D multiscale problems in bounded or unbounded solids containing interacting multiple inclusions of essentially different scale. The hybrid micro-macro formulation allows decomposition of the complete problem into two associated subproblems, one residing entirely at the micro-level and the other at the macro-level at each iteration. The efficiency of the standard iterative scheme of the BIE and VIE methods for the singular integral equations involved is enhanced by the use of a modification in the spirit of a subtraction technique as well as by the advantageous choice of the initial analytical approximation for interacting inclusions (micro-level) in an unbounded medium subjected to inhomogeneous loading. The latter is evaluated by the macro-scale BIE technique capable of handling complex finite geometries and mixed boundary conditions. The iteration method proposed converges rapidly in a wide class of problems considered with high matrix-inclusion elastic contrast, with continuously varying anisotropic and nonlinear elastic properties of inclusions, as well as with sizes of interacting inclusions differing by a factor varying in the interval from 1 to 10(7). The accuracy and efficiency of the method are examined through comparison with results obtained from finite-element analysis and boundary element analysis as well as from analytical solution. C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 101 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1081-2865 EI 1741-3028 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 25 EP 62 DI 10.1177/1081286505031174 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 891ED UT WOS:000226563200002 ER PT J AU D'Amore, AR Hardin, CK AF D'Amore, AR Hardin, CK TI Air force expeditionary medical support unit at the Houston floods: Use of a military model in civilian disaster response SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB From June 6 to 10, 2001, Tropical Storm Allison delivered 40 inches of rain to the city of Houston, Texas. Nine of the city's hospitals were closed or severely curtailed services as a result of the flooding. All area hospitals were full to capacity, intensive care unit beds were unavailable, and patient wait times for emergency department care were 18 to 21 hours. Emergency department and intensive care unit congestion placed the entire emergency medical system of Houston in jeopardy. In response to a Federal Emergency Management Agency request, the Air Force deployed a 25-bed expeditionary medical support field hospital to Houston on June 13, 2001. The expeditionary medical support unit treated its first patient only 3.5 hours after arrival and was fully operational 8 hours later. During its 11-day stay, the facility treated 1,036 patients, including 312 ambulance arrivals, 48 inpatients, and 33 intensive care unit patients, and performed 33 dental procedures and 16 operations. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP D'Amore, AR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JH UT WOS:000235830900002 PM 15782827 ER PT J AU Filardo, S Mata, R Willingham, C Coyle, L Older, S Torrent, J Modlin, R AF Filardo, S Mata, R Willingham, C Coyle, L Older, S Torrent, J Modlin, R TI Unprotected percutaneous coronary intervention is safe and effective for treating unstable angina in the modern warrior: The second Gulf War experience at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Germany SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ANGIOPLASTY; THERAPY AB Background: Evacuation of soldiers with acute coronary syndromes to U.S. hospitals has been the treatment strategy of choice. However, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) complication rates have decreased to the point that it is feasible to bring this therapy forward. Methods: Patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes during Operation Iraqi Freedom (March 2003 to June 2003) were evacuated to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Germany. Patients with a high clinical risk but a low interventional. risk were selected for unprotected PCI. Results: PCI was successfully accomplished for 93% of patients (13 of 14 patients). One patient had a 1-month history of progressive angina and a chronic total lesion that could not be crossed. There were no major complications. Conclusion: Patients with acute coronary syndromes who are risk-stratified can be safely treated with PCI at overseas military hospitals lacking cardiothoracic surgical back-up assistance. This strategy minimizes the risk of transoceanic evacuation of this patient population. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, APO, AE 09180 USA. RP Filardo, S (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JH UT WOS:000235830900004 PM 15782829 ER PT J AU Lechner, BL Pascual, JF Roscelli, JD AF Lechner, BL Pascual, JF Roscelli, JD TI Failure of fenoldopam to control severe hypertension secondary to renal graft rejection in a pediatric patient SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE AGONIST; RECEPTORS; TRIAL AB We report the first case of the failure of fenoldopam for a pediatric patient with severe hypertension and renal failure. Our patient was a 3-year-old child with severe hypertension secondary to renal graft rejection and high-dose steroid treatment. The patient's hypertension was controlled with nitroprusside but not with fenoldopam. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Lechner, BL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JH UT WOS:000235830900008 PM 15782833 ER PT J AU Dong, JY He, C Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Dong, JY He, C Zheng, YF Ewing, RL TI AVP: A highly efficient transport protocol for low bit rate multimedia communications SO MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE RTP/RTCP; video streaming; synchronization; end-to-end delay; QoS ID RTP AB Utilization of Internet communications in distance learning, distributed simulation, and distributed work groups involves multimedia transmission of animation, voice and video clips. Highly compressed audio-video data protocols are required for efficient Internet multimedia communications. Addressing this requirement, a new transport protocol called Audio-Video Protocol (AVP) for highly efficient multimedia communications on the Internet is presented. While providing similar real-time delivery functions as Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP), AVP adopts a novel audio-based synchronization scheme. This synchronization scheme has two advantages. One is the overhead reduction through eliminating the timestamp in each transmitted data packet. The other is the packet rate reduction by putting multiple audio frames or mixed audio-video frames in a single AVP packet. As a result, the end-to-end media unit delay is reduced while achieving implicit synchronization. Furthermore, AVP provides adaptive quality of service (QoS) by the prioritized packetization scheme. Simulation results are presented to verify the advantages of the AVP protocol. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. AFRL, IFTA, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jdong2@calstatela.edu; hec@ee.eng.ohio-state.edu; zheng@ee.eng.ohio-state.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7501 EI 1573-7721 J9 MULTIMED TOOLS APPL JI Multimed. Tools Appl. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 187 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s11042-005-5605-0 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 897BM UT WOS:000226979000002 ER PT J AU Halsey, ES Rasnake, MS Hospenthal, DR AF Halsey, ES Rasnake, MS Hospenthal, DR TI Coccidioidomycosis of the male reproductive tract SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE coccidioidomycosis; epididymis; male; prostate; testis ID PROSTATE-GLAND; FLUCONAZOLE PENETRATION; DIAGNOSIS; FLUID AB Coccidioides immitis infection of the male reproductive tract is a rare entity that can evade diagnosis and pose a dilemma in management. Initially, patients are often evaluated for malignancy or other infections such as tuberculosis. In the past, surgery was the only management option for C. immitis infection of the male reproductive tract, but azole therapy now provides an adjunct or an alternative. We describe two patients who received azole therapy for C. immitis infection of the male reproductive tract. One received fluconazole for prostatic disease, while one received surgery followed by itraconazole for testicular disease. After 12 months of therapy, both remain asymptomatic and have decreased antibody titers against C. immitis. C1 Dept Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Halsey, ES (reprint author), Dept Infect Dis, 74 MDOS-SGOM,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.halsey@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 2005 VL 159 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11046-004-6260-0 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 907GR UT WOS:000227704600003 PM 15770443 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR DeSandre, LF Lubin, DL AF Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR DeSandre, LF Lubin, DL TI Compensated telescope system with programmable diffractive optic SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE programmable diffractive optic; telescope; spatial light modulator; aberration compensation ID WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; HOLOGRAPHIC COMPENSATION; BEAM STEERER AB Diffractive wavefront control with programmable optically efficient modulo lambda gratings has been successfully demonstrated as a means of compensating large optical aberrations and steering an outgoing beam over small angles without mechanical motion. This work builds on past work to demonstrate the integrated performance of a programmable diffractive element of large pixel count with a telescope system. More specifically, a liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulator is used as a reconfigurable diffractive optical element in a telescope system to compensate for large aberrations associated with variations in object range and field angle within the telescope's field of regard. The telescope consists of a conventional primary mirror that gimbals relative to the other components of the system and a programmable diffractive optic that compensates for more than 40 waves of aberration associated with de-focus and off-axis aberrations. In this setup, aberration compensation via the programmable diffractive optic allows the object range to be varied by 160 times the depth of focus and increases the diffraction-limited field of regard by a factor of 70 while maintaining near-diffraction-limited performance. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 44 IS 2 AR 023201 DI 10.1117/1.1849552 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 908WO UT WOS:000227821100009 ER PT J AU Pasiliao, EL Pardalos, PM Pitsoulis, LS AF Pasiliao, EL Pardalos, PM Pitsoulis, LS TI Branch and bound algorithms for the multidimensional assignment problem SO OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE multidimensional assignment problem; combinatorial optimization; computational results ID GRASP AB This work investigates two branch and bound algorithms based on different tree representations of the multidimensional assignment problem (MAP). The MAP may be depicted as either an index-based tree in which every level of the tree represents a different value of the first index or as a permutation-based tree that has vertices representing different permutation vectors of a feasible solution. We also look at the benefits of sorting the cost coefficients on each index tree level, performing a local search on either just the initial solution or every time we find a better solution, and attempting to use characteristics of previous good solutions through path relinking. The number of dimensions and the number of elements in each dimension will affect algorithm performance. We demonstrate the benefits and drawbacks of using different modifications to the branch and bound approach on different sizes of MAP instances. C1 USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Math Phys & Computat Sci, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Pasiliao, EL (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM pasiliao@eglin.af.mil RI Pardalos, Panos/D-3645-2009 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1055-6788 J9 OPTIM METHOD SOFTW JI Optim. Method Softw. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 127 EP 143 DI 10.1080/10556780410001697695 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 890TL UT WOS:000226533600008 ER PT J AU Henry, LR Danaher, PJ Boseley, ME AF Henry, LR Danaher, PJ Boseley, ME TI Laryngeal sporotrichosis mimicking merkel cell carcinoma recurrence SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 107th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, David Grant Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Henry, LR (reprint author), 110 Navato Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM lakeisha@sbcglobal.net NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 132 IS 2 BP 336 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.05.002 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 894JU UT WOS:000226788200031 PM 15692552 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Sternberg, N AF Poggie, J Sternberg, N TI Transition from the constant ion mobility regime to the ion-atom charge-exchange regime for bounded collisional plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PATCH ACTIVE PLASMA; SHEATH TRANSITION; KINETIC-THEORY; DISCHARGE; VELOCITY; COLUMN; MODEL; EDGE AB A numerical and analytical study of a planar, collisional, direct-current, plasma-wall problem is presented. The fluid model for the problem is first validated by comparing numerical solutions with experimental data for low-pressure (similar to0.1 Pa) electrode sheaths with wall potentials on the order of -100 V. For electric potential, ion number density, and ion velocity, good agreement was found between theory and experiment from within the sheath out to the bulk plasma. The frictional drag resulting from ion-neutral collisions is described by a model incorporating both linear and quadratic velocity terms. In order to study the transition from the constant ion mobility regime (linear friction) to the ion-atom charge-exchange collision regime (quadratic friction), the theoretical model was examined numerically for a range of ion temperatures and ion-neutral collision rates. It was found that the solution profiles in the quasineutral plasma depend on the ion temperature. For low ion temperatures they are governed mainly by the ion-atom charge-exchange regime, whereas for high temperatures they are governed by the constant ion mobility regime. Quasineutral plasma models corresponding to these two limiting cases were solved analytically. In particular, an analytical plasma solution is given for the ion-atom charge exchange regime that includes the effects of ion inertia. In contrast to the quasineutral plasma, the sheath is always governed for low to moderate collision rates by the ion-atom charge-exchange regime, independent of the ion temperature. Varying the collision rate, it was shown that when the wall potential is sufficiently high, the sheath cannot be considered collisionless, even if the collision rate is quite small. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 AR 023502 DI 10.1063/1.1844512 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 895RQ UT WOS:000226881100033 ER PT J AU Gordon, SJ Dorn, RI AF Gordon, SJ Dorn, RI TI Localized weathering: Implications for theoretical and applied studies SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE geomorphology; Hawaii; lichen; rate; weathering ID ARCTIC-ALPINE SWEDEN; MINERAL DISSOLUTION; SILICATE MINERALS; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; COSMOGENIC HE-3; ROCK COATINGS; LAND PLANTS; RATES; ENVIRONMENT; BASALTS AB In situ quantification of localized weathering processes on basalt flows in New Mexico and Hawaii demonstrates that small-area factors can be more important than other more readily observable factors. Further, it demonstrates that the factorial concept of the Pope Boundary-Layer weathering model is partially solvable, that organic weathering can accentuate glass weathering (with implications for climate models and storage of nuclear waste), and that silica coatings are not a simple solution for the preservation of stone monuments. Enhancement of glass weathering by lichens on the McCartys flow, El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico, remains restricted to a half-millimeter directly underneath the lichen-covered surface. In contrast, although the inorganic rock coating of silica glaze reduces weathering directly underneath the coating by up to nine times rates found in uncoated locales, silica glaze can almost double variability in weathering along its margins. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Gordon, SJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Steve.Gordon@usafa.af.mil; ronald.dorn@asu.edu NR 80 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 28 EP 43 PG 16 WC Geography SC Geography GA 892MT UT WOS:000226655400004 ER PT J AU Merfeld, G Molaison, C Koeniger, R Acar, AE Mordhorst, S Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T AF Merfeld, G Molaison, C Koeniger, R Acar, AE Mordhorst, S Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T TI Acid/epoxy reaction catalyst screening for low temperature (120 degrees C) powder coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE powder coating; low temperature cure; epoxy; catalysis; thermal analysis; yellowing ID BLOCKED ISOCYANATES-III; PART AB This paper describes efforts to identify and screen suitable acid/epoxy reaction catalysts for low temperature curing (less than or equal to120degreesC) powder coatings including tertiary amines, ammonium compounds, and metal complexes. Thermal analysis techniques were developed to aid evaluation of catalyst efficacy and a statistical design of experiments was carried out to study several commercially available catalysts. In three different resin/crosslinker systems, the effect of catalyst type and loading were assessed and ranked in terms of kinetic responses including reaction rate, total heat-of-reaction, and extent-of-conversion. Isothermal kinetics modeling was also used to predict and compare reaction rates over a range of temperatures. Additionally, the susceptibility of each catalyzed system to thermal yellowing upon over-bake was evaluated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GE Global Res, Polymer & Specialty Chem Technol, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Crosslink Powder Coatings Inc, Clearwater, FL USA. Honeywell Dept Energy, Kansas City, MO USA. NavAir, Patuxent River, MD USA. USAF, Ctr Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koeniger, R (reprint author), GE Global Res, Polymer & Specialty Chem Technol, 1 Res Circle,Bldg K1 Room 4B33, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM koeniger@research.ge.com NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.progcoat.2004.09.004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 891XP UT WOS:000226614600003 ER PT J AU Daniels, MJ King, D Fehrenbacher, L Zabinski, JS Bilello, JC AF Daniels, MJ King, D Fehrenbacher, L Zabinski, JS Bilello, JC TI Physical vapor deposition route for production of Al-Cu-Fe-Cr and Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline and approximant coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; physical vapor deposition (PVD); sputtering; aluminum alloy; quasicrystal ID THIN-FILMS; ICOSAHEDRAL-PHASE; PD-MN; ALCUFE; STATE; ALLOYS; FABRICATION; PERFECT; OXYGEN AB A novel route for production of Al-Cu-Fe-Cr and Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline and approximant coatings by physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods is described. Powdered elemental stoichiometric mixtures were formed and vacuum pressed at 400 degreesC in a graphite die to produce approximate to 50% dense sputtering targets. X-ray diffraction analysis performed on the expended targets revealed elemental Al and Cu phases with significant quantities of intermetallic theta (Al2Cu) and/or lambda (Al-13 Fe-4) phases also present. These targets were used to sputter thick (10 mum) precursor coatings onto alumina substrates. Predominantly 01 approximant decagonal approximant coatings were produced by sputtering from the Al-Cu-Fe-Cr target and subsequent annealing in vacuum in flowing argon at 500 degreesC for 4 h. Icosohedral and rhombohedral approximant phases are produced by sputtering from the Al-Cu-Fe target and annealing in argon at 850 or 450 degreesC, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Technol Assessment & Transfer, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Nanomat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Daniels, MJ (reprint author), Technol Assessment & Transfer, 133 Def Highway,Suite 212, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM mdaniels@umich.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.117 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 877PV UT WOS:000225583400015 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS AF Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS TI Nanotribology and lubrication mechanisms of inorganic fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles investigated using lateral force microscopy (LFM) SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanotribology; inorganic fullerene-like MoS2; arc discharge in water; isotropic; friction; lateral force microscopy ID ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; ULTRA-LOW FRICTION; INTERFACIAL FRICTION; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; WEAR; WS2; ORIENTATION; DISULFIDE; NANOTUBES AB Inorganic fullerene-like (IF) MoS2 nanoparticles were produced by arc discharge in water, and their tribological properties were investigated using a lateral force microscope in dry nitrogen and humid air. Two types of tips - Si and Si3N4 tips were used in this work. The sharp Si tip produced a much higher contact stress than the blunt Si3N4 tip. The measurement of lateral forces using a Si3N4 tip resulted in almost no wear, while the measurement made using a Si tip resulted in MoS2 transfer due to the high contact stress. For comparison, measurements were also made on MoS2 films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The experimental results demonstrated that IF-MoS2 nanoparticles had significantly lower friction than the MoS2 films prepared by PLD. Variation of the test environment from dry to wet did not affect the tribological performance of the IF material as much as it did PLD films due to the chemical inert structure of the IF-MoS2 nanoparticles. The multi-wall-encapsulated structure of inorganic fullerenes has a nearly isotropic geometry. They can supply a slippery surface in all orientations, though only the basal planes of 2H-MoS2 crystals are optimum for lubrication. Therefore, the inorganic fullerenes do not have to be oriented by rubbing as does most layer-structured solid lubricants. However, the lack of reactive edge planes impedes bonding of the lubricant to the surface. The lubrication mechanisms of IF-MoS2 nanoparticles are discussed in detail. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBT,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBT,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s11249-004-1773-8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 903KO UT WOS:000227424900006 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Zabinski, JS AF Patton, ST Zabinski, JS TI Fundamental studies of Au contacts in MEMS RF switches SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MEMS; RF switches; micro/nanoscale adhesion; failure mechanisms; reliability; contact resistance ID ELECTRICAL CONTACTS; CAPACITIVE SWITCHES; SURFACE FORCES; PHASE SHIFTERS; ACTUATION; MICRORELAY; DESIGN; AIR; MICROCONTACTS; DEFORMATION AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) radio frequency (RF) switches hold great promise in a myriad of commercial, aerospace, and military applications. However, there is little understanding of the factors determining the performance and reliability of these devices. Fundamental studies of hot-switched gold (Au) contacts were conducted using a micro/nanoadhesion apparatus as a switch simulator. Experiments were conducted in a well defined air environment under precisely controlled operating conditions. Fundamental properties were connected to performance with an emphasis on the effects of contact force and electric current on contact resistance (R), microadhesion, and reliability/durability. Electric current had the most profound effect on switch performance. Observations at low current (1-10 muA) include: (1) slightly higher R; (2) asperity creep; (3) high adhesion after rapid switching; (4) switch bouncing; and (5) reasonable durability. Conversely, observations at high current (1-10 mA) include: (1) slightly lower R; (2) melting; (3) no measurable adhesion; (4) less propensity for switch bouncing; (5) necking of contacts; and (6) poor reliability and durability due to switch shorting. Low current behavior was dominated by the propensity to form smooth surface contacts by hammering, which led to high van der Waals force. High current behavior was dominated by the formation of Au nanowires that bridge the contact during separation. Data suggest the presence of an adventitious film containing carbon and oxygen. Aging of the contacts in air was found to reduce adhesion. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM steve.patton@wpafb.af.mil NR 71 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s11249-004-1778-3 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 903KO UT WOS:000227424900011 ER PT J AU Getley, IL Duldig, ML Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Getley, IL Duldig, ML Smart, DF Shea, MA TI Radiation dose along North American transcontinental flight paths during quiescent and disturbed geomagnetic conditions SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RADIATION; EXPOSURE AB [1] Commercial aircraft flights across the North American continent encounter a small radiation exposure ( normally < 20 mu Sv) from galactic cosmic radiation. During October and November 2003, there was significant perturbation in the cosmic ray flux near the Earth due to extraordinary activity on the Sun. The associated sequence of solar flares and coronal mass ejections resulted in a significant decrease in the background galactic cosmic radiation levels upon which there were sudden impulsive increases from solar cosmic ray events. These fluctuations in the cosmic ray intensity were detectable at commercial aircraft cruising altitudes and at sea level cosmic ray neutron-monitoring stations. This paper compares the in-flight radiation dose data acquired during the disturbed conditions on 29 October 2003 with the dose data acquired over the same route in January 2004 during quiescent geomagnetic conditions. This comparison shows that during Forbush decreases or ground level cosmic ray increases, the CARI aircraft radiation dose prediction software does not adequately describe the radiation exposure from cosmic radiation. C1 Univ New S Wales, Dept Aviat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate,Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Getley, IL (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Dept Aviat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM getleyian@hotmail.com NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN 26 PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 AR S01004 DI 10.1029/2004SW000110 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909TU UT WOS:000227884400001 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, RA Pettit, CL AF Ibrahim, RA Pettit, CL TI Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted joints and other fasteners SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Review ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; STOCHASTIC SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; THREAD DIMENSIONAL CONFORMANCE; NONLINEAR VIBRATING STRUCTURES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRESS-ANALYSIS; VARIABLE SHEAR/MOMENT RATIOS; SECONDARY STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS; PLATE COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS; IMPRECISELY-DEFINED SYSTEMS AB This review article provides an overview of the problems pertaining to structural dynamics with bolted joints. These problems are complex in nature because every joint involves different sources of uncertainty and non-smooth non-linear characteristics. For example, the con tact forces are not ideally plane due to manufacturing tolerances of contact surfaces. Furthermore, the initial forces will be redistributed nonuniformly in the presence of lateral loads. This is in addition to the prying loading, which is non-linear tension in the bolt and non-linear compression in the joint. Under environmental dynamic loading, the joint preload experiences some relaxation that results in time variation of the structure's dynamic properties. Most of the reported studies focused on the energy dissipation of bolted joints, linear and non-linear identification of the dynamic properties of the joints, parameter uncertainties and relaxation, and active control of the joint preload. Design issues of fully and partially restrained joints, sensitivity analysis to variations of joint parameters, and fatigue prediction for metallic and composite joints will be discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ibrahim, RA (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM raouf_ibrahim@eng.wayne.edu RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 511 TC 131 Z9 163 U1 8 U2 79 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 279 IS 3-5 BP 857 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.11.064 PG 80 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 881TH UT WOS:000225891800017 ER PT J AU Gillen, GD Guha, S AF Gillen, GD Guha, S TI Use of Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometry for independent determination of the refractive index and physical thickness of wafers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We present a method to independently measure the refractive index and the thickness of materials having flat and parallel sides by using a combination of Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometry techniques. The method has been used to deter-mine refractive-index values in the infrared with uncertainties in the third decimal place and thicknesses accurate to within +/-5 mum for materials at room and cryogenic temperatures. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Anteon Corp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Anteon Corp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM ggillen@anteon.com NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000344 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 889SA UT WOS:000226461500006 PM 15717823 ER PT J AU Meyer, TR Roy, S Belovich, VM Corporan, E Gord, JR AF Meyer, TR Roy, S Belovich, VM Corporan, E Gord, JR TI Simultaneous planar laser-induced incandescence, OH planar laser-induced fluorescence, and droplet Mie scattering in swirl-stabilized spray flames SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SOOT-VOLUME FRACTION; GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTOR; AIR DIFFUSION FLAME; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; FLOW AB Simultaneous planar laser-induced incandescence. hydroxyl radical planar laser-induced fluorescence. and droplet Mie scattering are used to study the instantaneous flame structure and soot formation process in an atmospheric pressure, swirl-stabilized, liquid-fueled, model gas-turbine combustor. Optimal excitation and detection schemes to maximize single-shot signals and avoid interferences from soot-laden flame emission are discussed. The data indicate that rich pockets of premixed fuel and air alone the interface between the spray flame and the recirculation zone serve as primary, sites for soot inception. Intermittent large-scale structures and local equivalence ratio are also found to play an important role in soot formation. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM trmeyer@innssi.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000445 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 889SA UT WOS:000226461500017 PM 15717834 ER PT J AU Van Valkenburg, ME Vaughn, RL Williams, M Wilkes, JS AF Van Valkenburg, ME Vaughn, RL Williams, M Wilkes, JS TI Thermochemistry of ionic liquid heat-transfer fluids SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE ionic liquid; heat capacity; heat transfer; thermal conductivity; thermal stability ID MOLTEN-SALTS; CHLORIDE; DENSITIES; SOLVENTS; WATER AB Large-scale solar energy collectors intended for electric power generation require a heat-transfer fluid with a set of properties not fully met by currently available commercial materials. Ionic liquids have thermophysical and chemical properties that may be suitable for heat transfer and short heat term storage in power plants using parabolic trough solar collectors. Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at or near room temperature. Thermal properties important for heat transfer applications are melting point, boiling point, liquidus range, heat capacity, heat of fusion, vapor pressure, and thermal conductivity. Other properties needed to evaluate the usefulness of ionic liquids are density, viscosity and chemical compatibility with certain metals. Three ionic liquids were chosen for study based on their range of solvent properties. The solvent properties correlate with solubility of water in the ionic liquids. The thermal and chemical properties listed above were measured or compiled from the literature. Contamination of the ionic liquids by impurities such as water, halides, and metal ions often affect physical properties. The ionic liquids were analyzed for those impurities, and the impact of the contamination was evaluated by standard addition. The conclusion is that the ionic liquids have some very favorable thermal properties compared to targets established by the Department of Energy for solar collector applications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilkes, JS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 22 TC 247 Z9 248 U1 4 U2 119 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 425 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2004.11.013 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 893OJ UT WOS:000226728800023 ER PT J AU Whitney, EJ Krasuski, RA Personius, BE Michalek, JE Maranian, AM Kolasa, MW Monick, E Brown, BG Gotto, AM AF Whitney, EJ Krasuski, RA Personius, BE Michalek, JE Maranian, AM Kolasa, MW Monick, E Brown, BG Gotto, AM TI A randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: Effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical events SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ARTERY-DISEASE; COMBINATION THERAPY; PREVENTION TRIAL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; RISK-FACTOR; PRAVASTATIN; MEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SIMVASTATIN AB Background: The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in epidemiologic studies. Until recently, it has been less extensively studied as a therapeutic target. Objective: To assess the angiographic and clinical effects of a pharmacologic strategy to increase HDL cholesterol levels. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 1993 to 1996. Setting: Outpatient specialty clinic of a large U.S. military medical center. Participants: 143 military retirees younger than 76 years of age with low HDL cholesterol levels and angiographically evident coronary disease. Intervention: Gemfibrozil, niacin, and cholestyramine or corresponding placebos, with aggressive dietary and lifestyle intervention at baseline. Measurements: Change from baseline to 30 months and a composite measure of clinical events that included hospitalization for angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack and stroke, death, and cardiovascular procedures. Results: At baseline, mean (+/- SD) lipid values were as follows: total cholesterol, 5.1 +/- 0.8 mmol/L (196 +/- 31 mg/dL); low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, 3.3 +/- 0.7 mmol/L (128 +/- 27 mg/dL); and HDL cholesterol, 0.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/L (34 +/- 6 mg/dL). Compared with placebo, the pharmacologically treated group experienced a 20% (95% Cl, 14.8% to 24.3%) decrease in total cholesterol level, a 36% (Cl, 28.4% to 43.5%) increase in HDL cholesterol level, a 26% (Cl, 19.1% to 33.7%) decrease in LDL cholesterol level, and a 50% (Cl, 40.5% to 59.2%) reduction in triglycericle levels. Focal coronary stenosis increased by 1.4% in the placebo group but decreased by 0.8% in the drug group (difference, -2.2 percentage points [Cl, -4.2 to -0.1 percentage points]). A composite cardiovascular event end point was reached in 26% of patients in the placebo group and 13% of those in the drug group (difference, 13.7 percentage points [Cl, 0.9 to 26.5 percentage points]). Side effects, particularly flushing and gastrointestinal intolerance, were more common in the drug group but rarely led to withdrawal from the study. Limitations: The study was small and used a composite clinical outcome. Whether improvements in angiographic findings were due to reductions in LDL cholesterol or increases in HDL cholesterol was not established. Flushing may have led to inadvertent unblinding in patients who were randomly assigned to active study drugs. Conclusions: A combination regimen aimed at increasing HDL cholesterol levels improves cholesterol profiles, helps prevent angiographic progression of coronary stenosis, and may prevent cardiovascular events in some people who exercise regularly and eat low-fat diets. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Heart & Vasc Inst San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Cardiol Consultants, Grants Pass, OR USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 759 MSGS-MCCC,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Richard.krasuski@lackland.af.mil NR 33 TC 158 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 2 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915LQ UT WOS:000228306100003 PM 15657157 ER PT J AU Glawe, DD Rodriguez, F Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Glawe, DD Rodriguez, F Stone, MO Naik, RR TI Polypeptide-mediated silica growth on indium tin oxide surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; IN-VITRO; IMMOBILIZATION; HEMOGLOBIN AB Herein, we describe the formation of silica structures on indium, tin oxide (ITO) surfaces using poly-L-lysine (PLL) to template the condensation of silicic acid. Precisely controlled electrostatic fields were used to preposition PLL onto ITO surfaces. Subsequent polypeptide-mediated silicification resulted in the formation of silica with concentration gradients that followed the pattern of the externally applied electrostatic field used in the deposition of the PLL. The resulting silica structures were securely attached to the ITO surface. The technique described here offers an inexpensive and rapid method for the deposition of polypeptides on surfaces. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Gen Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1021/la047964e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 887ZD UT WOS:000226343100034 PM 15641845 ER PT J AU Singh, NB Suhre, DR Green, K Fernelius, N Hopkins, FK AF Singh, NB Suhre, DR Green, K Fernelius, N Hopkins, FK TI Periodically poled materials for long wavelength infrared (LWIR) NLO applications SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE bridgman technique; single crystal growth; halides; nonlinear optic materials ID CRYSTALS; HALIDES; SYSTEM AB We carried out extensive studies to identify, synthesize, purify and grow crystals of a novel class of halides for nonlinear optical applications. Several compounds such as Tl3PbBr5, Tl4PbI6, Tl4HgI6 and Tl3PbI5, were studied. Optical quality was evaluated by fabricating cm size crystals. The homogeneity of bulk crystal was evaluated by studying transparency, bulk optical distortion and X-ray rocking curve and 2theta-omega scans. Compounds of Tl3PbBr5 composition showed self-poling during the growth. We demonstrated that these halides have transparency from visible to Far-IR wavelength region. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northrop Grumman Corp, Adv Mat & Semicond Device Technol Ctr, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, NB (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Adv Mat & Semicond Device Technol Ctr, ATL-3BIO,ES,1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM nb.singh@ngc.com NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.098 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 887YH UT WOS:000226340900019 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S Sathish, S AF Lee, H Mall, S Sathish, S TI Investigation into effects of re-shot-peening on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE shot-peening; residual stress relaxation; fretting fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V ID STRESS-RELAXATION AB The effects of re-shot-peening treatment on fretting fatigue life/strength and the recovery of residual stress of the initially shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V were investigated at room and elevated temperatures. After subjecting to fretting fatigue up to about 40% of the total expected life of the initially shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V or to thermal exposure to 370degreesC only, residual stress relaxed in the range of 20-50% of its value before fretting fatigue. The magnitude of stress relaxation depended upon the applied load level and test temperature. Re-shot-peening successfully recovered the relaxed residual stress up to the same level as obtained after the initial shot-peening. Further, fretting fatigue life after re-shot-peening, excluding pre-re-shot-peening fatigue life, was very close to that of the initially shot-peened specimen at a given stress level and test temperature. It thus appears that re-shot-peening nullified the effect of fretting fatigue damage after the initial shot-peening. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 16 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 390 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.08.040 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 888KI UT WOS:000226372400027 ER PT J AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW Kamide, Y AF Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW Kamide, Y TI Sunspot cycle 24: Smallest cycle in 100 years? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CYCLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DYNAMO THEORY; PREDICTION; NUMBER; SOLAR-CYCLE-24; FORECAST; STRENGTH; FLUX AB Predicting the peak amplitude of the sunspot cycle is a key goal of solar-terrestrial physics. The precursor method currently favored for such predictions is based on the dynamo model in which large-scale polar fields on the decline of the 11-year solar cycle are converted to toroidal ( sunspot) fields during the subsequent cycle. The strength of the polar fields during the decay of one cycle is assumed to be an indicator of peak sunspot activity for the following cycle. Polar fields reach their peak amplitude several years after sunspot maximum; the time of peak strength is signaled by the onset of a strong annual modulation of polar fields due to the 7 1/4degrees tilt of the solar equator to the ecliptic plane. Using direct polar field measurements, now available for four solar cycles, we predict that the approaching solar cycle 24 ( similar to 2011 maximum) will have a peak smoothed monthly sunspot number of 75 +/- 8, making it potentially the smallest cycle in the last 100 years. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Aichi 4428507, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Svalgaard, L (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi 4428507, Japan. EM leif@leif.org NR 31 TC 182 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 AR L01104 DI 10.1029/2004GL021664 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 890YC UT WOS:000226546500003 ER PT J AU Hay, RS AF Hay, RS TI Twin-dislocation interaction in monazite (monoclinic LaPO4) SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defects and Deformation of Crystalline Solids CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID BLOCKED DEFORMATION TWIN; SLIP DISLOCATIONS; OXIDE COMPOSITES; SHAPE; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHATES; CRYSTALS; STRESS; FIBERS; CLIMB AB Dislocation-twin interactions were identified by TEM in monazite (monoclinic LaPO4) that was spherically indented at room temperature. Emissary dislocations in front of twin tips were observed. Propagation of dislocation slip bands through twins was also observed. Where possible, slip systems are identified. Formation mechanisms are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM randall.hay@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 373 EP 386 DI 10.1080/14786430412331315761 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 892ZY UT WOS:000226689700016 ER PT J AU Hewett, KB Hager, GD Crowell, PG AF Hewett, KB Hager, GD Crowell, PG TI Chemical generation of iodine atoms SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic iodine; chemical oxygen-iodine laser; COIL ID LASER; DISSOCIATION; GAIN; FLOW AB The chemical generation of atomic iodine using a chemical combustor to generate the atomic fluorine intermediate, from the reaction of F, + H-2, followed by the production of atomic iodine, from the reaction of F + HI, was investigated. The maximum conversion efficiency of HI into atomic iodine was observed to be approximately 75 %, which is in good agreement with the theoretical model. The conversion efficiency is limited by the formation of iodine monofluoride at the walls of the combustor where the gas phase temperature is insufficient to dissociate the IF. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Northrup Grumman Informat Technol, Adv Technol Div, Sci & Technol Operating Unit, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. RP Hewett, KB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM kevin.hewett@kirtland.af.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.08.012 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 880UD UT WOS:000225814200016 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Chen, C Varanasi, C Fellner, JP AF Kumar, B Chen, C Varanasi, C Fellner, JP TI Electrical properties of heterogeneously doped yttria stabilized zirconia SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE dopant; zirconia; ionic conductivity; microstructure ID SPACE-CHARGE; ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITES; ADDITIONS; CELLS AB This paper reports the effects of heterogeneously doped Al2O3 on the ionic conductivity of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). At lower dopant concentration, grain growth occurred and the grain boundaries were re-formed. Subsequent increases in the dopant concentration decreased the grain size. The doping leads to the creation of space charge regions in the vicinity of the YSZ-Al2O3 boundaries, conducive to enhanced transport of oxygen ions. The presence of Al2O3 also leads to a blocking effect. The net result of the two antagonistic influences is small and reflected by a relatively minor influence on conductivity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM kumar@udri.udayton.edu NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.08.016 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 886XH UT WOS:000226265900002 ER PT J AU Sandhu, SS Saif, YA Fellner, JP AF Sandhu, SS Saif, YA Fellner, JP TI A reformer performance model for fuel cell applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE reformer model; preferential oxidation; water-gas shift reaction ID GAS-SHIFT REACTION; SELECTIVE CO OXIDATION; CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PT/ALUMINA CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN; KINETICS; HYDROCARBONS AB A performance model for a reformer, consisting of the catalytic partial oxidation (CPO), high- and low-temperature water-gas shift (HTWGS and LTWGS), and preferential oxidation (PROX) reactors, has been formulated. The model predicts the composition and temperature of the hydrogen-rich reformed fuel-gas mixture needed for the fuel cell applications. The mathematical model equations, based on the principles of classical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics, were implemented into a computer program. The resulting software was employed to calculate the chemical species molar flow rates and the gas mixture stream temperature for the steady-state operation of the reformer. Typical computed results, such as the gas mixture temperature at the CPO reactor exit and the profiles of the fractional conversion of carbon monoxide, temperature, and mole fractions of the chemical species as a function of the catalyst weight in the HTWGS, LTWGS, and PROX reactors, are here presented at the carbon-to-oxygen atom ratio (C/O) of 1 for the feed mixture of n-decane (fuel) and dry air (oxidant). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fellner, JP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sarwan.sandhu@notes.udayton.edu; joseph.fellner@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1 BP 88 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.08.013 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 886XH UT WOS:000226265900012 ER PT J AU Lai, ST AF Lai, ST TI Charging of mirror surfaces in space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; PROBE; SATELLITE; CURRENTS AB [ 1] Spacecraft often charge to negative potentials of several kilovolts in eclipse at geosynchronous altitudes. We suggest that optical mirrors at geosynchronous altitudes will charge in sunlight as if in eclipse. Modern mirrors can attain very high reflectance, the reflected light being nearly as intense as the incoming light. With high reflectance, the sunlight photon energy imparted to mirror surfaces is greatly reduced, resulting in little or no photoemission. As a result, mirrors will charge as if they would in eclipse, the equilibrium potential being governed by the balance of currents without photoelectrons. When the plasma electron temperature is high, the equilibrium potential may reach several kilovolts negative, despite sunlight. This occurs often in the morning hours and in severe space weather. We stress that in general, the finite reflectance and Sun angle should be included in calculations of spacecraft charging in sunlight. As an important application for mirror charging, we bring to attention recent news, the Boeing 702 model geosynchronous satellite fleet, featuring two long solar panels on each side. Each solar panel is equipped with two mirrors flanking both sides for sunlight enhancement on the solar cells. The entire satellite fleet has suffered a similar fate, namely, gradual, permanent, and sometimes stepwise degradation. While the true cause of the Boeing solar panels deterioration may never be known, we suggest that sudden development of differential charging between the solar panels and the mirrors on their sides could be the culprit. Differential charging of mirrored solar panels may develop rapidly when the satellite is coming out of eclipse. Indeed, the sudden 25% degradation of PanAmSat PAS- 7, a Boeing 702 model satellite, did occur shortly after eclipse exit in the morning of 6 September 2001. Finally, we suggest a simple mitigation method for solving the problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM shu.lai@hanscom.af.mil NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A1 AR A01204 DI 10.1029/2002JA009447 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 890LN UT WOS:000226512800001 ER PT J AU Pagel, C Crooker, NU Larson, DE Kahler, SW Owens, MJ AF Pagel, C Crooker, NU Larson, DE Kahler, SW Owens, MJ TI Understanding electron heat flux signatures in the solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA; DROPOUTS; SPEED; STRAHL; CONNECTION; SPACECRAFT; STREAMS AB [ 1] Suprathermal electrons ( E > 80 eV) carry heat flux away from the Sun. Processes controlling the heat flux are not well understood. To gain insight into these processes, we model heat flux as a linear dependence on two independent parameters: electron number flux and electron pitch angle anisotropy. Pitch angle anisotropy is further modeled as a linear dependence on two solar wind components: magnetic field strength and plasma density. These components show no correlation with number flux, reinforcing its independence from pitch angle anisotropy. Multiple linear regression applied to 2 years of Wind data shows good correspondence between modeled and observed heat flux and anisotropy. The results suggest that the interplay of solar wind parameters and electron number flux results in distinctive heat flux dropouts at heliospheric features like plasma sheets but that these parameters continuously modify heat flux. This is inconsistent with magnetic disconnection as the primary cause of heat flux dropouts. Analysis of fast and slow solar wind regimes separately shows that electron number flux and pitch angle anisotropy are equally correlated with heat flux in slow wind but that number flux is the dominant correlative in fast wind. Also, magnetic field strength correlates better with pitch angle anisotropy in slow wind than in fast wind. The energy dependence of the model fits suggests different scattering processes in fast and slow wind. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pagel, C (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM pagel@bu.edu RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010 OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A1 AR A01103 DI 10.1029/2004JA010767 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 890LN UT WOS:000226512800005 ER PT J AU Anwar, AFM Islam, SS Webster, RT AF Anwar, AFM Islam, SS Webster, RT TI Response to "Comment on 'Carrier trapping and current collapse mechanism in GaN metal-semiconductor field effect transistors' " SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. RP Anwar, AFM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM anwara@engr.uconn.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 AR 016102 DI 10.1063/1.1844604 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893ED UT WOS:000226701200103 ER PT B AU Mims, WH Temple, MA Mills, RF Gronholz, BD AF Mims, WH Temple, MA Mills, RF Gronholz, BD GP IEEE TI Spectral sensing ultra wideband signals using a down-converting channelized receiver SO 2005 1st IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks CY NOV 08-11, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE EMC Soc, ACM Sigmobile, WWRF AB The growing complexities associated with spectral sharing dictate that more robust spectral sensing techniques are required to pemit reliable channel assessment. Expanding upon previous channelized receiver work, this work employs down-conversion and filtering prior to A/D conversion such that practical limitations of A/D conversion are considered. Signal detection results for the down-converting channelized receiver are shown to be consistent with previous results, i.e., the somewhat "featureless" spectral characteristics of UWB signals dictate that temporal-based processing techniques yield best detection results relative to spectral-based techniques. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Mims, WH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0013-9 PY 2005 BP 706 EP 709 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDN94 UT WOS:000234539500088 ER PT B AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Unit tap constrained adaptive channel shortening equalization SO 2005 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; SYSTEMS; BLIND; DESIGN AB Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular transmission format for emerging wireless communication systems. Single-carrier cyclic-prefixed (SCCP) modulation is similar to OFDM, but with all frequency-domain operations performed at the receiver. Systems employing OFDM and SCCP perform well in the presence of multipath provided that the channel delay spread is shorter than the guard interval between transmitted blocks. If this condition is not met, a channel shortening equalizer can be used. Existing adaptive channel shorteners require re-normalization to restrain the channel shortener away from zero. In this paper, we study the use of a unit-tap constraint rather than a unit-norm constraint. We use this constraint to manipulate existing algorithms into a framework analogous to the recursive least squares algorithm, and we develop adaptation rules for blind and semi-blind frequency domain equalizers for SCCP receivers. Simulations show an order of magnitude improvement in convergence speed and reduced asymptotic bit error rate. C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0131-3 PY 2005 BP 777 EP 781 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BEM56 UT WOS:000238142000148 ER PT B AU Maybeck, PS Smith, BD AF Maybeck, PS Smith, BD GP IEEE TI Multiple model tracker based on Gaussian mixture reduction for maneuvering targets in clutter SO 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE target tracking; Gaussian mixture reduction; maneuvers; MMAE; IMM; MHT AB The problem of tracking targets in clutter naturally leads to a Gaussian mixture representation of the probability density function of the target state vector. Research reported previously reveals that a tracker using an integral square error (ISE) based mixture reduction algorithm can provide performance which is significantly better than any other known techniques using similar numbers of mixture components. One useful algorithm architecture for targets exhibiting very different trajectory characteristics over time would replace each Kalman filter within a conventional MMAE or IMM with an ISE-based algorithm that assumes the adequacy of the same particular dynamics model and discretized parameter choice ("mode''). The performance of such algorithms is evaluated, and compared to that of the corresponding MMAE or IMM based on Kalman filters in the same scenario except for being clutter-free. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maybeck, PS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9286-8 PY 2005 BP 40 EP 47 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP88 UT WOS:000234830400006 ER PT B AU Blasch, E Kahler, B AF Blasch, E Kahler, B GP IEEE TI Multiresolution EO/IR target tracking and identification SO 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE multiresolution; EO/IR; JBPDAF; fusion; ATR AB Simultaneous target tracking and identification through feature association, attribute matching, or blob analysis is dependent on spatio-temporal measurements. Improved track maintenance should be achievable by maintaining coarse sensor resolutions on maneuvering targets and utilizing finer sensor resolutions to resolve closely-spaced targets. There are inherent optimal resolutions for sensors and restricted altitudes that constrain operational performance that a sensor manager must optimize for both wide-area surveillance and precision tracking. The advent of better optics, coordinated sensor management, and fusion strategies provide an opportunity to enhance simultaneous tracking and identification algorithms. We investigate utilizing electro-optical (EO) and Infrared (IR) sensors operating at various resolutions to optimize target tracking and identification. We use a target-dense maneuvering scenario to highlight the performance gains with the Multiresolution EO/IR data association (MEIDA) algorithm in tracking crossing targets. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9286-8 PY 2005 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP88 UT WOS:000234830400037 ER PT B AU Schubert, CM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW AF Schubert, CM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW GP IEEE TI A comparison of ROC curves for label-fused within and across classifier systems SO 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE classifier fusion; ROC curves; within and across fusion AB When presented with a finite collection of classifiers one might wish to combine the classifiers in hopes that the fused classifier system will perform better than any individual system. The performance of this fused classifier system can be evaluated via the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC curve depicts the trade off between the probability of true and false positives for a set of parameters on which the classifiers depends. Two considerations when creating the fused classifier system are the types of targets to be identified and the type of fusion to be used. Each of these systems may draw from events which contain either single target types or multiple target types. Thus, the fused classifier system can be characterized as fusing within (single) target type, fusing across (multiple) target types, or a combination of both. There are several ways in which to fuse the classifier systems. One such method is to fuse their resultant labels, i.e., label fusion. In this paper we rigorously define within and across fusion and compare the performance of several label-fused classifier systems. Given the ROC curves for each classifier system and a decision rule, we derive the formula of the ROC curve for the label-fused classifier system for events containing within and across target types. Examples comparing the performance of these fused systems using logical AND and OR, and the majority vote decision rules are given. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schubert, CM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9286-8 PY 2005 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP88 UT WOS:000234830400057 ER PT B AU Blasch, E Plano, S AF Blasch, E Plano, S GP IEEE TI Proactive decision fusion for site security SO 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE fusion; detection; urban operations; adversarial decision making; risk; throughput AB Current urban operations require intelligent methods for integrating data and transmitting fused information to users. The ground user requires data on immediate threats for rapid reaction, whereas a commander has time to reason over information on potential threats for preventive action. Using predicted information affords proactive decision making on anticipated threats. Proactive action includes gathering new information, relocating for safety, and hindering the opposition from action. Complexities abound with urban operations and sensor fusion strategies must deliver quality information (i.e. timely, accurate, confident, high throughput, and minimal cost). New strategies are needed to account for high density targets, sensor obscurations, and rapid response to meet Sustainable and Security Operations (SASO). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the inherent reliability of the fusion system to deliver a consistent and succinct set of information over the appropriate time window. This paper with highlight (1) proactive use of sensor resources, (2) force protection risk mitigation by integrating users with fusion system, and (3) communication and decision making modeling to assess operational timeliness needs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9286-8 PY 2005 BP 1584 EP 1591 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP88 UT WOS:000234830400211 ER PT B AU Horwath, J Schweickart, D Garcia, G Klosterman, D Galaska, M AF Horwath, J Schweickart, D Garcia, G Klosterman, D Galaska, M TI Improved performance of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane epoxies SO 2005 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE, Dielectr & Elect Insulat Soc AB In high voltage applications, polymer insulation can be exposed to very high electrical field stress, resulting in long term exposure to corona. The electrical field stress may be much below dielectric breakdown threshold. Eventually the exposure to corona can lead to failure of the high voltage component. Nanometer sized inorganic fillers are increasingly used as reinforcing materials for mechanical or thermal property improvement of polymers. Improvements in mechanical modulus or heat deflection temperature are often realized. These fillers may also improve some electrical properties such as corona endurance in polymers. In the current study, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) loaded epoxies were produced and tested for corona endurance. Results suggest a five times improvement in ac corona. lifetime of selected POSS-epoxies compared to unloaded epoxy. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Horwath, J (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9257-4 PY 2005 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BDX16 UT WOS:000235927000038 ER PT B AU Nelson, TR Blickenstaff, S Sarangan, AM Ehret, JE AF Nelson, TR Blickenstaff, S Sarangan, AM Ehret, JE GP IEEE TI Improved light extraction from LEDs utilizing nonplanar dielectric layers from shadow mask deposition SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID FABRICATION AB We demonstrate improved emission from LEDs and resonant-cavity LEDs (RC-LEDs) via shadow mask deposited nonplanar dielectric layers. We review the shadow mask deposition method, and present detailed studies comparing devices with and without such layers. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, TR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 340 EP 342 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900117 ER PT B AU Jakubiak, R Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA Lloyd, P Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL AF Jakubiak, R Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA Lloyd, P Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL GP IEEE TI Electrically tunable, multimode 2-D organic photonic crystal lasers SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID LIGHT AB Holographic polymerization of liquid crystal containing photopolymerizable resins enables one-step, rapid formation of multi-phase structures that exhibit partial photonic band gaps. These holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) provide a versatile platform for diffractive optical elements because the structures are not limited by multi-phase equilibrium but are controlled by the interference of multiple lasers at discrete angles. Incorporation of laser dyes into H-PDLCs form 1-D and 2-D optically pumped distributed feedback lasers. Linewidths as narrow as 1.8 nm are observed with laser thresholds below 1 mJ/cm(2) in 2-D columnar structures compared to 9 nm and 25 mj/cm(2) exhibited by 1-D H-PDLC Bragg stack lasers. In the 2-D lattices the energy of the laser action can be tuned within the gain spectrum of the lasing medium by an applied electric field. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jakubiak, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 544 EP 546 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900186 ER PT B AU Norgard, JD Wicks, MC Musselman, RL AF Norgard, JD Wicks, MC Musselman, RL GP IEEE TI Deep Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) WIPD-D models of buried sub-surface radiators SO 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY APR 03-07, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc DE deep ground penetrating radar; subsurface radiators; buried objects; SAR; GPR; RCS AB The proliferation of strategic subsurface sanctuaries has increased the need for enhanced remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) concept is proposed in this paper to use subsurface radiators, delivered as earth penetrating non-explosive, electronic "e-bombs", as the source of strong radiated transmissions for GPR experiments using ground contact or airborne receivers. Three-dimensional imaging techniques for deeply buried targets are being developed based on two-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collection techniques. Experiments over deep mine shafts have been performed to validate the 2D SAR processing algorithms. WIPL-D models have been used to verify the significant enhancement in the received signal-tonoise ratio obtained by burying the transmitter under the surface of the earth. Simple ray-tracing techniques have also been used to confirm the enhancements. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Norgard, JD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9068-7 PY 2005 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB79 UT WOS:000232402200029 ER PT B AU Zelinski, GM Hastriter, ML Havrilla, MJ Radcliffe, JS Terzuoli, AJ Thiele, GA AF Zelinski, GM Hastriter, ML Havrilla, MJ Radcliffe, JS Terzuoli, AJ Thiele, GA GP IEEE TI FDTD analysis of a new leaky traveling wave antenna SO 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY APR 03-07, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc DE FDTD; leaky wave antenna; Menzel; microstrip AB A new antenna is proposed based on a structure first constructed by Menzel [1] that utilizes the leaky wave phenomena of the first higher order mode. This work seeks to determine the effect on performance of the antenna due to varying geometries. Standard antenna range far-field and near-field measurements are not sensitive enough to extract the propagation constant. A numerical simulation was thus developed using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method to extract the propagation constant. The simulation was validated with published analytical data as well as measured data. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zelinski, GM (reprint author), USAF, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9068-7 PY 2005 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB79 UT WOS:000232402200038 ER PT B AU Kempel, L Schneider, S Radcliffe, J Janning, D Thiele, G AF Kempel, L Schneider, S Radcliffe, J Janning, D Thiele, G GP IEEE TI FE-BI analysis of a leaky-wave antenna with resistive sheet termination SO 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics CY APR 03-07, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc DE finite element method; leaky-wave antenna; termination AB Printed leaky-wave antennas offer the potential for a low-profile, wide-bandwidth antenna element that can be arrayed if desired. Microstrip leaky-wave antennas rely on the suppression of the familiar EH0 mode and the propagation of the radiating EH I mode. It is well-known that above a critical frequency, this leaky-wave will propagate with little attenuation and that the phase difference between the two radiating edges of the microstrip leads to radiation. However, due to the limits of installation area, such antennas must be terminated in a manner that reduces back reflection. If this is not done, a standing wave is established on the antenna limiting its utility as a leaky-wave antenna in terms of front-to-back ratio and bandwidth. In this paper, the hybrid finite element-boundary integral method is used to investigate an antenna termination scheme involving the use of resistive sheet extensions to the antenna. It will be shown that such a termination increases the front-to-back ratio and usable bandwidth of the antenna as compared to an antenna without such termination. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNRR, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kempel, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNRR, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9068-7 PY 2005 BP 670 EP 673 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB79 UT WOS:000232402200164 ER PT S AU Winter, J Spanjers, G Cohen, D Adler, A Kemper, S Easley, S Denoyer, K Tolliver, M Davis, L Guarnieri, J Glover, R AF Winter, James Spanjers, Greg Cohen, Dan Adler, Aaron Kemper, Shane Easley, Shaun Denoyer, Keith Tolliver, Martin Davis, Larry Guarnieri, Jason Glover, Richard GP IEEE TI Deployable structures mission in medium earth orbit SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate has developed a mission to research the technologies needed for large space structures, high-power generation, and protection of space assets within the high radiation environment of a medium earth orbit (MEO). The resulting Deployable Structures Experiment (DSX) will address a number of basic science experiments via a single MEO testbed platform. The DSX concept, with specific emphasis on scientific merit, relevance to the Air Force needs, and necessity for flight demonstration, was conceived and proposed for further development in mid-2003. The program then went through 8 months of proposal and review, maturing the overall design, scientific merit and payoff, and Air Force relevance. Ultimately, of the six proposed concepts, DSX was selected in January 2004 as the next AFRL/VS basic research flight experiment. During 2004 the DSX concept was refined, with specific focus on requirement derivation and allocation to hardware and software solutions. The DSX mission, matured in parallel, is the primary subject of this paper. The baseline DSX experiment should be launch ready by late 2009, with at least one year of on-orbit operations scheduled. DSX comprises five research experiments, that will pave the way for new Department of Defense (DoD) capabilities in space surveillance, microsats with large aperture and power, and protection of space assets from natural and enhanced radiation environments. The DSX experiments include research on: 1. Transformational Deployed Structures: The deployment, dimensional stability, and MEO environment degradation of large deployable space structures 2. Adaptive Control of Structures: The on-orbit system identification (SysID) of the dynamics of these large deployable structures and the use of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) autonomous adaptive control techniques 3. Radiation Belt Remediation: The physics of Very Low Frequency (VLF, 3 to 30 kHz) electromagnetic wave injection from ground-based transmitters, propagation, and wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere relevant to radiation-belt remediation (RBR) techniques 4. Lightweight, High-power, Thin-film Photovoltaics: The performance, radiation tolerance, plasma interactions, and thermal annealing of thin-film photovoltaics (TF-PV) in a MEO environment 5. Space Weather: The detailed measurement and mapping of energetic particle and plasma distributions in the poorly characterized MEO environment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Winter, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 564 EP 574 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379000052 ER PT S AU Schubert, CM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW AF Schubert, Christine M. Oxley, Mark E. Bauer, Kenneth W., Jr. GP IEEE TI The inclusion of correlation effects in the performance of multiple sensor and classifier systems SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Classifiers from Automatic Target Recognition systems to be fused are usually assumed to be independent. Some authors have investigated the level of covariance among the classifiers. However, much work still needs to be done to incorporate these correlation/covariance effects into the fused systems and thus its performance measures. In this paper we (1) examine and develop an expression for the covariance, and thus the correlation within the multiple sensor/classifier system, (2) demonstrate that correlation affects the performance of the fused system. We observe that the best performance occurs when the correlation values vary. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schubert, CM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2259 EP 2269 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002001 ER PT S AU Quaale, RJ Hindman, B Engberg, B Collier, P AF Quaale, Ryan J. Hindman, Bill Engberg, Brian Collier, Patrick GP IEEE TI Mitigating environmental effects on free-space laser communications SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Robust link margin stability is critical to maintaining successful laser communications at long range through the atmosphere. Laser power impinging on the receiver must sufficiently exceed all noise for adequate link closure and bit determination. Losses associated with statistical terms can heavily reduce received signal power, which will cause the bit error rate (BER) to rise. A high BER can lead to unacceptable data loss. Large statistical losses are manifested in platform jitter, and atmospheric scintillation. It is essential for system performance that these combined losses are represented as accurately as possible. A detailed picture of system dynamics is achieved through combining numerical simulation of these two terms and including the mitigating influence of forward error correction (FEC) and interleaving. Trade space analysis is performed that incorporates platform jitter, atmospheric fades and various FEC-interleaver combinations. A sensitivity analysis is shown that illustrates the affects of various signal to noise ratios (SNR) on BER and bow link efficiency can be increased through these mitigating techniques. FEC-interleaver combinations show a two order of magnitude decrease in BER when implemented(12). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Quaale, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2763 EP 2768 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002058 ER PT S AU Merrill, J Hausgen, PE Senft, DC Yoo, HH AF Merrill, John Hausgen, Paul E. Senft, Donna C. Yoo, Henry H. GP IEEE TI Current status of photovoltaic development at AFRL SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Advances(1,2) in design and manufacturing technology of crystalline multijunction solar cells have continued to push efficiencies higher. Triple junction cells with 28% efficiency are now available to the user and 30% prototype cells have been demonstrated. Development of thin-film solar cell arrays is being aggressively funded for next-generation high power space platforms. Initial modules of thin-film photovoltaics comprised of amorphous silicon and Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 devices have been demonstrated. Spacecompatible technologies for thin-film cell integration, contacts, and protective coatings are being developed. Cell-level development efforts aimed at increasing performance are continuing and progress is being made toward a 15% efficiency goal for cells on lightweight, flexible substrates. High temperature polymer substrates for Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 cells have been demonstrated. Thin-film solar arrays are promising for 3-7 times increase in specific power (W/kg) and stowed volume (W/m(3)) and a 3-5 times decrease in array cost ($/W) compared to state-of-the-art rigid panel solar arrays. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Merrill, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2785 EP 2789 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002061 ER PT S AU Hunyadi, G Ganley, J Berenberg, L Henrikson, E AF Hunyadi, George Ganley, Jeff Berenberg, Lisa Henrikson, Erik GP IEEE TI The AFRL/STP nanosat-2 mission on Delta IV Heavy: A demonstration of current responsive space capabilities SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB In mid CY2003, the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center commander (SMC/CC) tasked the Department of Defense Space Test Program (STP) with finding a payload that could be manifested on the Air Force Delta IV Heavy Launch Vehicle Demonstration (HLVD), which was originally scheduled for a May. 2004 Initial Launch Capability (ILC). In late CY2003, the decision was made to pursue the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Nanosat-2/Three Corner Sat (NS2/3CS) satellite constellation. In January 2004, SMC/CC provided the direction to proceed with the Nanosat-2 integration effort. Fortunately, the new HLVD ILC had moved to 3 July 2004. This situation created the ultimate exercise in "responsive space": notice-to-proceed to space vehicle delivery for integration in less than three months. A subsequent launch delay to September 2004 approximately halfway through the effort did not significantly relieve the schedule pressure,, due to increased requirements being levied on the payload. Originally designed for deployment from the Space Shuttle (STS), the NS2/3CS payload consisted of the three university-built satellites comprising the 3CS constellation, and an AFRL-developed Multi-Satellite Deployment System (MSDS) incorporating novel low-shock separation systems developed under contract to AFRL by Planetary Systems Corp. (PSC) and Starsys Research Corp. (SRC). With the transition to Delta IV, new launch vehicle environments and requirements forced a radical and rapid reconfiguration of the Nanosat-2 mission from the ground up. The Delta IV Heavy first flight was a demonstration mission orbiting an inert "Demosat," and the NS2/3CS hardware was modified to piggyback on the Demosat until the MSDS released the 3CS constellation into low earth orbit. The ground rule for manifesting NS2/3CS was zero (minimized) impact on the HLVD mission. All interfaces were optimized for low schedule, performance and budget risk. Due to the transition to HLVD environments and a new target orbit, available mission lifetime fell from months to days, resulting in a limited 3CS mission de-scope. While retaining the core elements of the original NS2/3CS mission mission reconfiguration in a matter of weeks. By taking this approach, the authors believe that near-term responsive space efforts can perform limited-capability missions quickly using existing technologies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Jackson & Tull Chartered Engineers, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hunyadi, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Jackson & Tull Chartered Engineers, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2810 EP 2822 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002064 ER PT S AU Fram, B Sauter, L Buckley, S Summers, B Rogers, A AF Fram, Bryan Sauter, Luke Buckley, Steven Summers, Bob Rogers, Aaron GP IEEE TI SHERPA: A flexible & responsive small satellite transport vehicle SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB SHERPA1,2, the Shuttle Expendable Rocket for Payload Augmentation, is a highly capable propulsive satellite. The SHERPA is currently approaching a PDR level design. The SHERPA can perform a wide range of missions including orbit transfers, small satellite maneuvers, space situational awareness missions, and serve as a platform for experiments. The SHERPA has three versions: The Mark I, is a propulsion unit, the Mark II is a standalone propulsive satellite, and the Mark III, a self contained long-duration propulsive satellite. Each version can support either an electric or chemical propulsion module. The SHERPA integrates several Air Force Research Laboratory developed technologies into one unique package. The SHERPA can also fulfill a number of other mission needs as a low cost satellite bus for the DoD Space Test Program. C1 USAF, RL, VS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fram, B (reprint author), USAF, RL, VS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 2823 EP 2830 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002065 ER PT S AU Wade, RA AF Wade, Richard A. GP IEEE TI A need-focused approach to air force engine health management research SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB This paper outlines the work that the author has done to develop a structure to help direct Engine Health Management (EHM) research. It discusses the definitions of the relevant EHM terms, outlines the essential elements of an EHM system, deduces the aims of an EHM system through the contributions it can make to the top-level Air Force goals, and uses this to create an EHM vision. It then proposes a method of grouping EHM research programs in terms of their scope and offers a first order method of rating their likely impact. Finally, it raises a number of important issues that need to be considered when developing an EHM system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wade, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTS, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 3395 EP 3407 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002123 ER PT S AU Beachkofski, BK AF Beachkofski, Brian K. GP IEEE TI Product-based engine health management planning SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The traditional method to develop a program that meets user requirements is to use the GOTChA process. However, the GOTChA method generates a list of programs that is not an executable plan; the list is generally larger than the available budget and unconnected with user transition windows. The proposed product-based planning process, entitled "ApPRoVal", prioritizes approaches, constructs an executable program, and aligns programs with transition opportunities. The planning process is applied to turbine engine health management and results in a plan that meets the user requirements both technologically and programmatically. By applying the process correctly, the potential exists to radically change engine support practices through health management. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRTS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beachkofski, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRTS, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 3408 EP 3413 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379002124 ER PT S AU Wilson, BC Tsiotras, P Heck-Ferri, B AF Wilson, BC Tsiotras, P Heck-Ferri, B GP IEEE TI Control designs for low-loss active magnetic bearings SO 2005 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Highly efficient electromechanical flywheel batteries (FWBs) require the use of low-loss active magnetic bearings (AMBs). Since the losses in the FWB, and in AMB itself, are proportional to the square of the electromagnet flux, it is imperative to minimize the bias flux (or current) customarily used in the AMB control design. The low-bias requirement impacts the control design in two ways: (1) the constraint imposed between the electromagnets which compose an AMB control axis must be modified to handle zero-bias operation (2) the standard (necessarily nonlinear) control laws used for voltage-mode low-loss AMB operation must be modified to avoid control algorithm singularities. This paper illustrates the experimental implementation of a generalized complementary flux constraint to address the first impact. This constraint relies on a DC flux estimation technique that does not use unwieldy Hall-effect sensors. Furthermore, passivity theory is used to remove the zero-bias control law singularity. Experimental evidence supports this claim from a time and frequency domain perspective. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wilson, BC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM brian.wilson@kirtland.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 0-7803-9046-6 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2005 BP 1097 EP 1102 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BCZ07 UT WOS:000232003500184 ER PT S AU Patel, VJ Axtell, HS Cerny, CL Creech, GL Drangmeister, RG Gouker, MA James, TL Mattamana, AG Mbuko, IO Neidhard, RA Nykiel, EB Orlando, PL Selke, DL Wiedemann, JM Quach, TK AF Patel, VJ Axtell, HS Cerny, CL Creech, GL Drangmeister, RG Gouker, MA James, TL Mattamana, AG Mbuko, IO Neidhard, RA Nykiel, EB Orlando, PL Selke, DL Wiedemann, JM Quach, TK GP IEEE TI X-band low noise amplifier using SiGeBiCMOS technology SO 2005 IEEE CSIC SYMPOSIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Palm Springs, CA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc DE bandwidth; bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS); heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT); flip-chip; low-noise amplifier (LNA); microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC); multi-chip module (MCM); radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC); silicon germanium (SiGe); X-band; ultra-wide band (UWB) AB An X-band (8-12 GHz) low-noise amplifier (LNA) for receiver systems is presented. The microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) with no external matching components has been demonstrated using a 0.18 mu m silicon germanium (SiGe) bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) technology. The amplifier employs a two-stage topology to achieve low noise figure and high linearity across 8-12 GHz. At 10 GHz the LNA yielded a gain of 24.2 dB, a noise figure of 1.68 dB, and a third-order intercept point of 17.5 dBm. The power dissipation of the circuit is 33.6 mW using a 1.8 V supply voltage. To the best of our knowledge, the circuit achieves the lowest noise figure for a wide bandwidth LNA realized in a SiGe technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, VJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Vipul.Patel@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 0-7803-9250-7 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2005 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDP10 UT WOS:000234650700013 ER PT S AU Watson, P Quach, T Axtel, H Gutierrez-Aitken, A Kaneshiro, E Lee, W Mattamana, A Oki, A Orlando, P Patel, V Sawdai, D AF Watson, P Quach, T Axtel, H Gutierrez-Aitken, A Kaneshiro, E Lee, W Mattamana, A Oki, A Orlando, P Patel, V Sawdai, D GP IEEE TI An indium phosphide X-band Class-E power MMIC with 40% bandwidth SO 2005 IEEE CSIC SYMPOSIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Palm Springs, CA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc DE Class-E; broadband power amplifier; InP DHBT; power-added efficiency (PAE) ID AMPLIFIER AB A broadband, high efficiency, X-band power amplifier is presented in this paper. The single-stage amplifier is based on indium phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. In order to obtain high efficiency operation, a switch mode, Class-E amplifier topology was selected. Special attention has been paid to providing the required fundamental matching conditions, as well as appropriate harmonic terminations, over the frequency band of interest As a result, the amplifier obtained a bandwidth of 40%, with 45-60% PAE, 19-21.5 dBm Pout, and 9-11.5 dB large-signal gain at X-band. To the best of our knowledge, this circuit demonstrates the widest bandwidth for a Class-E amplifier at X-Band. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Watson, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Av Circle,BLDG 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.Watson@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 0-7803-9250-7 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2005 BP 220 EP 223 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDP10 UT WOS:000234650700056 ER PT S AU Pack, DJ York, GWP AF Pack, DJ York, GWP GP IEEE TI Developing a control architecture for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles to search and localize RF time-varying mobile targets: Part I SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY APR 18-22, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE cooperative UAVs; distributed control; behavior-based control architecture AB In this paper, we present a control architecture that allows multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to cooperatively detect mobile RF (Radio Frequency) emitting ground targets. The architecture is developed under the premise that UAVs are controlled as a distributed system. The distributed system-based technique maximizes the search and detection capabilities of multiple UAVs. We use a hybrid approach that combines a set of intentional cooperative rules with emerging properties of a swarm to accomplish the objective. The UAVs are equipped only with low-precision RF direction finding sensors and we assume the targets may emit signals randomly with variable duration. Once a target is detected, each UAV optimizes a cost function to determine whether to participate in a cooperative localization task. The cost function balances between the completion of detecting all targets (global search) in the search space and increasing the precision of cooperatively locating already detected targets. A search function for each UAV determines the collective search patterns of collaborating UAVs. Two functions used by each UAV determine (1) the optimal number of UAVs involved in locating targets, (2) the search pattern to detect all targets, and (3) the UAV flight path for an individual UAV. We. show the validity of our algorithm using simulation results. Hardware implementation of the strategies is planned for this coming year. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.pack@usafa.af.mil; george.york@usafa.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8914-X J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2005 BP 3954 EP 3959 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BDU48 UT WOS:000235460103065 ER PT S AU Luminati, JE Hale, TB Temple, MA Havrilla, MJ Oxley, ME AF Luminati, JE Hale, TB Temple, MA Havrilla, MJ Oxley, ME GP IEEE TI Generation of raw stepped-frequency waveform echoes using RCS chamber measurements SO 2005 IEEE International Radar, Conference Record SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Capital Area Council, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, RADAR Syst Panel, IEE DE stepped-frequency waveforms; HRR; ISAR; RCS ID RADAR AB Complicated microwave scattering characteristics of nonpoint targets are often examined using Radar Cross Section (RCS) chamber measurements. These measurements are designed to be waveform independent. Attempting to gather waveform dependent data on complex target responses typically requires a robust (and expensive) waveform generation and sampling capability beyond that of most RCS chambers. This paper introduces a technique to convert standard RCS chamber measurements into raw stepped-frequency waveform echoes. By controlling the construction and processing of these echoes, many waveform-dependent target effects can be examined. After demonstrating the validity of the proposed technique using both I-D range profiles and 2-D Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) images, the paper examines the effects of Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) waveform filtering mismatches on an RCS chamber target. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Luminati, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-8881-X J9 RADAR CONF PY 2005 BP 927 EP 932 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR36 UT WOS:000230903000173 ER PT B AU Nelson, E Pachter, M Musick, S AF Nelson, E Pachter, M Musick, S GP IEEE TI Ballistic trajectory tracking using constrained estimation SO 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control & 13th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 20th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Contol/13th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 27-28, 2005 CL Limassol, CYPRUS SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Mediterranean Control Assoc, Univ Cyprus, Dept Elect & Comp Engn AB Nonlinear regression augmented with a constrained intercept parameter is investigated and a new nonlinear estimation algorithm is developed. The batch estimation process entails careful modelling of the nonlinear measurement situation, inclusion of the intercept parameter to address the truncation effects of linearization, and incorporation of a constraint akin to the Ridge Regression concept from statistics that balances linearization induced truncation error with measurement noise induced equation error. Simulations show consistent improved estimation performance over conventional iterative least squares estimation without an increase in the estimation error covariance. In addition, the process expands the measurement geometry envelope where good estimation is achieved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, E (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8936-0 PY 2005 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCW27 UT WOS:000231530100069 ER PT B AU Leider, AF Balster, EJ AF Leider, AF Balster, EJ GP IEEE TI Path-based encoding efficiency of wavelet-based compressed imagery SO 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology CY DEC 18-21, 2005 CL Athens, GREECE SP IEEE AB This paper presents a method for testing the performance of different path-based coders of wavelet transformed imagery. Path-based coders art, very popular techniques for compressing wavelet-transformed imagery, but there has been little knowledge formally documented on the most efficient method of path traversal for the coding process. Thus, this paper presents the findings of several performance tests using two path-based coding techniques. These techniques art used to independently code each subband of several wavelet transformed images using different coding paths in each test. The results are documented and give rise to conclusions oil how to best traverse each subband in a wavelet-transformed image for most efficient coding. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leider, AF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9313-9 PY 2005 BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BEB56 UT WOS:000236568000035 ER PT S AU Lott, JA Stintz, A Kovsh, AR Ledentsov, NN AF Lott, JA Stintz, A Kovsh, AR Ledentsov, NN GP IEEE TI GaAs-based bipolar cascade InAs/InGaAs quantum dot VCSELs emitting near 1300 nm SO 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (LEOS) SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optical-Society CY OCT 22-28, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Lasers & Elect Opt Soc ID LASERS C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-9217-5 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2005 BP 532 EP 533 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDR62 UT WOS:000235109700269 ER PT B AU York, G Pack, D AF York, G Pack, D GP IEEE TI Comparative study on time-varying target localization methods using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles: Kalman estimation and triangulation techniques SO 2005 IEEE NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control CY MAR 19-22, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Univ Arizona, PARCS Res Ctr ID MOBILE ROBOTS AB In this paper, we evaluate two different methods to search, detect, and locate mobile Radio Frequency (RF) targets using multiple cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (VAVs). The primary difference between the two methods is the target localization technique used: the Kalman estimation technique and the triangulation technique. We compare the two methods on the basis of the total task completion time and the total average target location accuracy. The qualitative results generated by a graphical simulator are presented as a part of our comparison study. C1 USAF Acad, Fac Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Fac Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM george.york@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8812-7 PY 2005 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCP51 UT WOS:000230555300055 ER PT B AU Mears, MJ Akella, MR AF Mears, MJ Akella, MR GP IEEE TI Deception of RADAR systems using cooperatively controlled unmanned air vehicles SO 2005 IEEE NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control CY MAR 19-22, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Univ Arizona, PARCS Res Ctr AB Cooperative control of Unmanned Air Vehicles for deception of RADAR systems is addressed in this paper. Although highly abstracted here, deception of RADAR systems using multiple vehicles requires tightly coupled trajectories that make multiple individual RADARs agree on location, trajectory and characteristics of "phantom" aircraft (which are not really there). Cooperative control of vehicles for this paper relies on constrained optimization over receding horizons which enables progress toward specified way points for the phantom aircraft. The impact of the requirement for a coherent phantom trajectory on the trajectories of the Unmanned Air Vehicles is considered. A simple simulation examples is used to illustrate the cooperative control system performance. C1 USAF, AFRL, VACA, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, AFRL, VACA, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8812-7 PY 2005 BP 332 EP 335 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCP51 UT WOS:000230555300060 ER PT B AU Pack, D York, G Toussaint, G AF Pack, D York, G Toussaint, G GP IEEE TI Localizing mobile RF targets using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles with hetergeneous sensing capabilities SO 2005 IEEE NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control CY MAR 19-22, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Univ Arizona, PARCS Res Ctr AB In this paper, we consider the problem of locating a mobile Radio Frequency (RF) target using multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with sensors with varying accuracies. We investigate the localization task performance as we vary (1) the configuration of multiple UAVs (sensor locations), (2) the type of sensors onboard the UAVs, and (3) the sensor sequence. We use the well known optimal recursive estimation techniques (Kalman filtering) to combine captured sensor values from multiple UAVs and to investigate sensor scheduling issues to minimize the target location error. We present our findings in the form of simulation results. C1 USAF Acad, Fac Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Fac Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.pack@usafa.edu; george.york@usafa.edu; gregory.toussaint@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8812-7 PY 2005 BP 632 EP 637 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCP51 UT WOS:000230555300112 ER PT B AU Sward, RE AF Sward, RE GP IEEE TI Proving correctness of unmanned aerial vehicle cooperative software SO 2005 IEEE Networking, Sensing and Control Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control CY MAR 19-22, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Univ Arizona, PARCS Res Ctr DE formal methods; program correctness; software engineering; unmanned aerial vehicles AB As Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) become more prevalent, it is important to show that the software being used to control the UAVs has been built correctly. An error in the UAV auto-pilot or navigation system could result in the destruction of the UAV or objects on the ground. The purpose of this research is to develop. a software application that will control the cooperation between two UAVs during reconnaissance. This application is being developed using formal methods in software engineering to prove the correctness of the software. The SPARK programming language provides techniques for building correct software applications and proofs of their correctness without relying on extensive testing. The SPARK language is a powerful application of formal methods to the area of safety-critical systems. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sward, RE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8812-7 PY 2005 BP 767 EP 771 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCP51 UT WOS:000230555300135 ER PT B AU Grundel, DA AF Grundel, DA GP IEEE TI Searching for a moving target: Optimal path planning SO 2005 IEEE Networking, Sensing and Control Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control CY MAR 19-22, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Univ Arizona, PARCS Res Ctr AB We consider the problem of constrained path planning for one or two agents in search of a single randomly moving target such that we maximize the probability of intercepting the target at some time in its trajectory. We assume the agents operate in a receding-horizon optimization framework with some finite planning horizon. We present and compare several search path planning methods. This problem is particularly applicable in the case of wide area search munitions searching and engaging moving ground targets. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Grundel, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8812-7 PY 2005 BP 867 EP 872 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCP51 UT WOS:000230555300153 ER PT B AU Deming, RW Perlovsky, LI AF Deming, RW Perlovsky, LI GP IEEE TI Sensor fusion for swarms of small unmanned aerial vehicles SO 2005 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID TRACKING; OBJECTS AB We consider the problem of automatically developing a 3-dimensional model of the environment based on multiple 2-dimensional images acquired from differing positions and aspect angles. The problem is complicated by the fact that the sensors are moving, we don't know their precise positions and velocities, and the image fields-of-view may overlap one another in an irregular fashion. This type of problem would be encountered, for example, when attempting to combine information from a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles to perform automatic target detection, classification, and surveillance. To solve this problem we propose a method whereby a probabilistic model of the preprocessed image data is computed, in which parameters of the model include object locations and classification feature statistics, as well as velocities and positions of the sensors. The parameters are then estimated by maximizing a log-likelihood function which quantitatively measures how well the model fits the data. The crux of the problem is data association, i.e. determining which data samples correspond to which physical objects in the environment. Our approach makes use of a convergent, iterative, system of equations in which data association is performed concurrently with parameter estimation during maximization of the log-likelihood. An advantage,e of our method is that the computational complexity increases only linearly with the size of the model, and thus the approach is more efficient than the standard approaches. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Anteon Corp, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Deming, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Anteon Corp, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8916-6 PY 2005 BP 302 EP 308 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDJ06 UT WOS:000233683900042 ER PT S AU Chakravarthy, VD Shaw, AK Temple, MA Stephens, JP AF Chakravarthy, VD Shaw, AK Temple, MA Stephens, JP GP IEEE TI Cognitive radio - An adaptive waveform with spectral sharing capability SO 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Vols 1-4: WCNC 2005: BROADBAND WIRELESS FOR THE MASSES READY FOR TAKE-OFF. SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc AB The growth of wireless applications and spectral limitations are serious concerns for both the military and civilian communities. Cognitive Radio (CR) technologies expand spectrum efficiency using elements of space, time and frequency diversity that up to now have not been exploited. An Adaptive Waveform (AW) generation technique is presented which adapts to the changing electromagnetic environment and synthesizes waveform features in the frequency domain. Spectral coexistence with other applications is also addressed and can be accomplished in both static and dynamic environments. Bit Error Rate (BER) serves as the primary performance metric for evaluating and comparing AW processing with other waveforms and systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chakravarthy, VD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 0-7803-8966-2 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2005 BP 724 EP 729 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCR53 UT WOS:000230926801012 ER PT S AU Nunez, AS Temple, MA Mills, RF Raines, RA AF Nunez, AS Temple, MA Mills, RF Raines, RA GP IEEE TI Interference avoidance in spectrally encoded multiple access communications using MPSK modulation SO 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Vols 1-4: WCNC 2005: BROADBAND WIRELESS FOR THE MASSES READY FOR TAKE-OFF. SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc AB Spectral encoding is employed to provide interference avoidance and multiple access capability using M-ary phase shift keyed (MPSK) data modulation. Communication symbols are formed using composite phase modulation (independent data and coded multiple access) on selected spectral components and then inverse Fourier transforming to obtain time domain waveforms. This technique enables multiple access and adaptive channel interference suppression. One inherent advantage is analytic tractability of phase modulation components across domains which enables robust theoretical performance prediction with variation in multiple access phase value assignment. Detection and estimation is accomplished using conventional correlation receiver techniques and error performance is shown to be consistent with conventional MPSK signaling. Analytic and simulated results are provided for multiple access bit error performance and interference suppression demonstrated using randomly assigned, uniformly distributed multiple access phase values. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nunez, AS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 0-7803-8966-2 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2005 BP 730 EP 734 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCR53 UT WOS:000230926801013 ER PT B AU Perlovsky, LI Fontanari, JF AF Perlovsky, LI Fontanari, JF GP IEEE TI Evolution of communication in a community of robots SO 2005 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts CY JUN 12-15, 2005 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP IEEE DE language; robot; mathematical model; learning ID EMERGENCE AB In existing works on evolution of communication, communication signs refer to objects. This is a principled limitation. This paper formulates mathematically the human ability for the development of two parallel hierarchies, the hierarchy of language and the cognitive hierarchy of objects and relationships. So that learning objects and relationships in the world is supported by language communication and vice versa. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8947-6 PY 2005 BP 2 EP 7 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BCX69 UT WOS:000231784500001 ER PT B AU Cheatham, M Cox, MT AF Cheatham, M Cox, MT BE Thompson, C Hexmoor, H TI AI planning in portal-based workflow management systems SO 2005 International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems: KIMAS'05: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB Workflow management systems (WJMS) allow multiple agents to work towards achieving a common goal by facilitating communication between them. This paper discusses the distinctive characteristics of portal-based WFMS and considers the utility of using techniques employed in other WfMS environments in this domain. Specifically, the idea of constructing workflows by applying artificial intelligence planning techniques to a userspecified goal is explored. C1 USAF, RL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheatham, M (reprint author), USAF, RL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9013-X PY 2005 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCH08 UT WOS:000229256300008 ER PT B AU Linnehan, R Brady, D Schindler, J Perlovsky, L Rangaswamy, M AF Linnehan, R Brady, D Schindler, J Perlovsky, L Rangaswamy, M BE Thompson, C Hexmoor, H TI Using Cramer-Rao theory for multiple agents SO 2005 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: KIMAS'05: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB This paper develops Cramer-Rao theory for multi-agent system design. We apply Cramer-Rao theory to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in order to establish optimal performance bounds that are independent from signal processing algorithms. Bounds on the estimation of various target parameters are developed, and the extension to multiple receivers is considered. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM robert.linnehan2@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9013-X PY 2005 BP 444 EP 448 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCH08 UT WOS:000229256300068 ER PT B AU Grundel, DA AF Grundel, DA BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI Constrained search for a moving target SO 2005 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE constrained search; moving target ID PATH AB We consider the problem of constrained path planning for one or two agents in search of a single randomly moving target such that we maximize the probability intercepting the target at some time in its trajectory. We assume the agents operate in a receding-horizon optimization framework with some finite planning horizon. We present and compare two search path planning methods. This problem is particularly applicable in the case of wide area search munitions searching and engaging moving ground targets. C1 USAF, AFRL, MNGN, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Grundel, DA (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, MNGN, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM grundel@eglin.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2387-0 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2005 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BDK03 UT WOS:000233965100052 ER PT B AU Pack, D York, G AF Pack, D York, G BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI An extended time horizon search technique for cooperative unmanned vehicles to locate mobile RF targets SO 2005 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems-CTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE cooperative search; distributed control; extension of time horizon AB In this paper, we present a behavior-based, distributed, cooperative search algorithm for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to cooperatively find sub-optimal search patterns to detect moving radio frequency (RF) signal emitting targets. The overall goal of the search algorithm is to compute sub-optimal flight trajectories for participating UAVs to minimize the combined search cost: search coverage, time, fuel usage, and communication overhead. The,focus for this paper is to extend our existing search algorithm's ability to incorporate evaluations of flight path options beyond the immediate time horizon. The paper explores over the additional computation cost the trade-offs and the reduction of the total search time. In addition to finding a set of sub-optimal UAV search paths, the search algorithm also generates a priority list of possible search paths. The list is then used by an individual UAV to adjust its path selection to minimize a global search cost. Collectively, the selected UAV paths produce sub-optimal search patterns for a group of UAVs. The validity of the search algorithm is demonstrated using computer simulation. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.pack@usafa.af.mil; george.york@usafa.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2387-0 J9 INT S COLLAB TECHNOL PY 2005 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BDK03 UT WOS:000233965100053 ER PT B AU Hunt, K AF Hunt, K GP IEEE TI Invited talk - "The evolving role of non-volatile memory toward rapid-configurable electronics for space" SO 2005 Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium CY NOV 07-10, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP NASA, USAF Res Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Sovc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, NASA New Millennium Program, NASA Elect Parts & Packaging C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hunt, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9408-9 PY 2005 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BDO81 UT WOS:000234567100019 ER PT B AU Storey, T Hunt, KK Graziano, M Li, B Bumgarner, A Rodgers, J Burcin, L AF Storey, T Hunt, KK Graziano, M Li, B Bumgarner, A Rodgers, J Burcin, L GP IEEE TI Characterization of the 4Mb chalcogenide-random access memory SO 2005 Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium CY NOV 07-10, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP NASA, USAF Res Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Sovc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, NASA New Millennium Program, NASA Elect Parts & Packaging DE chalcogenide; phase change; nonvolatile; memory AB The first generation of C-RAM memory is designed to greatly exceed (in density, write speed, endurance) the existing non-volatile memory solutions for space and to close the gap that exists between system requirements and availability. Based on the success of the 64kb C-RAM program, a 4Mb C-RAM prototype has been designed and fabricated in 0.25 mu m radiation-hardened CMOS. In this paper we present a description of the 4Mb design as well as results of recent characterization and radiation test of the first pass of prototype parts. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Storey, T (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9408-9 PY 2005 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BDO81 UT WOS:000234567100020 ER PT B AU Camberos, JA Wheat, PM AF Camberos, JA Wheat, PM GP IEEE TI A finite-volume, time-domain CEM code for unstructured-grids on parallel computers SO 2005 Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics in Time-Domain (CEM-TD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics in Time-Domain CY SEP 12-14, 2005 CL Georgia Tech, Technol Square Res Bldg, Atlanta, GA SP IEEE MTT, AP Soc HO Georgia Tech, Technol Square Res Bldg AB We describe a general-purpose finite-volume, time-domain electromagnetic solver. The objective of the effort began as a modification to an existing computational fluid dynamics code, Cobalt(60), to solve the equations of electromagnetism. The existing framework for handling geometries with unstructured grids and the parallel computing capability made the code conversion convenient and timely. The code implements the solution of the Maxwell "curl" equations. Results for a perfectly conducting spherical surface are presented and compare favorably with theory and other electromagnetic solvers. Example results are presented for complex geometries and tests were performed for other benchmark geometries. Preliminary computational scalability results for the code indicate good parallel efficiency (not shown). It remains an open question whether codes based on time-domain methods will become computationally efficient to compete with frequency-domain solvers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Camberos, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9543-3 PY 2005 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDU53 UT WOS:000235465300010 ER PT B AU Sherer, SE Visbal, MR AF Sherer, SE Visbal, MR GP IEEE TI Time-domain scattering simulations using a high-order overset-grid approach SO 2005 Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics in Time-Domain (CEM-TD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics in Time-Domain CY SEP 12-14, 2005 CL Georgia Tech, Technol Square Res Bldg, Atlanta, GA SP IEEE MTT, AP Soc HO Georgia Tech, Technol Square Res Bldg ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; EQUATIONS; MESHES AB A parallel, high-order, overset-grid method is used to solve Maxwell's equations in the time-domain. The approach utilizes high-order spatial differencing and filtering formulas, coupled with a fourth-order, explicit temporal algorithm. For demonstration and validation purposes, this approach is used to simulate plane-wave scattering from a perfect electrical conducing sphere. The method was found to be very accurate compared to 2(nd)-order FD/TD methods and shows great promise for predicting the scattering of high-frequency waves by complex shapes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sherer, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9543-3 PY 2005 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDU53 UT WOS:000235465300011 ER PT S AU Lambert, DE AF Lambert, DE BE Paisley, DL Kleinfelder, S Snyder, DR Thompson, BJ TI Experimental validation of advanced explosive/metal interactions SO 26th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Alexandria, VA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab Phys Div, SPIE DE detonation shock dynamics; Huygen's wave; self-light experiment; Imacon 200 AB The extremely high power density stored in explosives drives their selection of use in military, mining, demolition, cladding, shock consolidation of powders, shock-induced chemical synthesis and magnetic flux compression processes. The use of distributed initiation locations has emerged as a primary method to customize the detonation front and create desirable output. Explosive/metal systems with multiple, distributed initiation locations create detonation states that do not follow the simple line of sight, or Huygens model and, hence, advanced detonation physics with associated theory are required. The theory of detonation shock dynamics (DSD)(1) is one such description used to provide high fidelity modeling of complex wave structures. A collection of experiments using simultaneous ultra-high speed digital framing and streak film cameras is presented as a means of obtaining spatial and temporal characteristics of complex detonation fronts that validate the DSD descriptions. The method of test, operational conditions and results are given to demonstrate the use of high rate imaging of detonation events and how this validates our understanding of the physics and the capability of advanced detonation wave tracking models. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Lambert, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Ste 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5530-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5580 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.582872 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCE99 UT WOS:000228994200009 ER PT S AU McHarg, MG AF McHarg, MG BE Paisley, DL Kleinfelder, S Snyder, DR Thompson, BJ TI High-speed hyperspectral measurement of sprites SO 26th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Alexandria, VA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab Phys Div, SPIE DE high-speed; hyper-spectral; sprites; multi-anode photometer ID PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; IDENTIFICATION AB We describe a hyper-spectral measurement technique for sprite observations which takes data at 25,000 samples per second in 32 individual color bands. The high speed hyper-spectral design is based around a 32 channel multi anode photometer (MAP) viewing a dispersing grating which is holographically inscribed on a spherical focusing mirror. Design and operating characteristics of the device are presented. The high speed hyper-spectral instrument will be used to observe spectra from transient luminous events called sprites seen above meso-scale thunderstorms. Sprites are seen to occur at altitudes of 40-90 km, and last a few to tens of milliseconds in duration. High speed spectral measurements may give some indication of the energetic processes underlying sprite formation. We are particularly interested in the overall energy budget associated with sprites in large meso-scale thunderstorm complexes. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP McHarg, MG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5530-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5580 BP 851 EP 859 DI 10.1117/12.584299 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCE99 UT WOS:000228994200093 ER PT S AU Beazel, VM Meckl, PH AF Beazel, VM Meckl, PH GP IEEE TI Command shaping applied to nonlinear systems with configuration-dependent resonance SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB A primary obstacle to employing the standard command shaping approach to flexible nonlinear systems is the variation in resonant frequencies of these systems with changes in geometry. A modified shaping technique involving trajectory segmentation that extends the benefits of command shaping to these types of systems is presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Beazel, VM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470012 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947700095 ER PT S AU Nelson, E Pachter, M Musick, S AF Nelson, E Pachter, M Musick, S GP IEEE TI Projectile launch point estimation from radar measurements SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB Nonlinear regression with an intercept is investigated and a new nonlinear regression algorithm is developed. The application area considered is ballistic trajectory determination from battlefield radar measurements. Specifically, the geo-location of an enemy artillery piece is pursued. Careful modelling of the nonlinear measurement situation at hand and the inclusion of an intercept parameter in the nonlinear regression shows a considerable improvement over conventional iterative least squares estimation when nonlinearity is dominant. Moreover, the estimation performance does not degrade from standard iterative least squares (ILS) in cases where the nonlinearity is weak compared to the measurement noise in the equation error, provided that the data record is sufficiently long. C1 USAF, AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, E (reprint author), USAF, AF Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 1275 EP 1282 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470140 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947701094 ER PT S AU Shima, T Rasmussen, SJ Sparks, AG AF Shima, T Rasmussen, SJ Sparks, AG GP IEEE TI UAV cooperative multiple task assignments using genetic algorithms SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB A multiple task assignment problem for cooperating uninhabited aerial vehicles is posed as a combinatorial optimization problem. A genetic algorithm for assigning the multiple agents to perform multiple tasks on multiple targets is proposed. The algorithm allows efficiently solving this NP-hard problem that has prohibitive computational complexity for classical combinatorial optimization methods. It also allows taking into account the unique requirements of the scenario such as task precedence and coordination, timing constraints, and flyable trajectories. The performance of the algorithm is compared to that of deterministic branch and bound search and stochastic random search methods. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the viability of the genetic algorithm, providing good feasible solutions quickly. Moreover, it converges near to the optimal solution considerably faster than the other methods for some test cases. This makes real-time implementation for high dimensional problems feasible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control & Optimizat Branch, Air Vehicles Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shima, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control & Optimizat Branch, Air Vehicles Direct, Room 305,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 2989 EP 2994 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947704002 ER PT S AU Mears, MJ AF Mears, MJ GP IEEE TI Cooperative electronic attack using unmanned air vehicles SO ACC: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB In this paper, an attempt is made to define electronic attack of integrated air defenses using multiple unmanned air vehicles acting in a coordinated fashion, and to define features of the problem that are salient in the context of cooperative control. The utility of Electronic Attack is described in the context of integrated air defense systems which rely on RADAR sites that act as,a network to gather information about potential airborne threats. General concepts for use of multiple vehicles against RADAR systems are described and formulated in terms of cooperative path planning and resource allocation. Then some approaches to solving the technical problems are described. Although the interests expressed in this paper are motivated by capabilities that might be afforded by many unmanned autonomous vehicles, the concepts are relevant for manned aircraft working in concert with groups of air vehicles. C1 USAF, RL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, RL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 3339 EP 3347 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470486 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947704059 ER PT S AU Orr, MW Rasmussen, SJ Karni, ED Blake, WB AF Orr, MW Rasmussen, SJ Karni, ED Blake, WB GP IEEE TI Framework for developing and evaluating MAV control algorithms in a realistic urban setting SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB An investigation has begun to evaluate the behavior of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (SUAVs) and Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) flying through an urban setting. This research is focused on a cooperative scenario between a SUAV and MAVs for the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Cooperative Operations in UrbaN TERrain (COUNTER) 6.2 research and flight demonstration program. There is great interest in MAV/SUAV use but limited simulation work has been dedicated specifically to issues associated with very small vehicles that cruise at slow speeds near the ground. Development of satisfactory six-degree-of-freedom models of an MAV and SUAV were the first tasks to be tackled, along with the integration of these models into the MultiUAV 2.0 simulation environment. The second task was to model and integrate wind data for complex urban flows into this simulation. This involved creating modules to interface the simulation with CFD results and data obtained through urban airflow experiments. An urban environment for the MAV to fly through was constructed using the geometry of a likely COUNTER flight test location. These basic elements coupled with future cooperative control task assignment and path planning algorithms will complete this engineering simulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Orr, MW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 4096 EP 4101 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470619 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947705067 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, SJ Mitchell, JW Chandler, PR Schumacher, CJ Smith, AL AF Rasmussen, SJ Mitchell, JW Chandler, PR Schumacher, CJ Smith, AL GP IEEE TI Introduction to the multiUAV2 to cooperative simulation and its application control research SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB This paper describes the MultiUAV2 simulation and how it has been applied to cooperative control of autonomous uninhabited air vehicles (UAV). MultiUAV2 is a simulation based on SIMULINK, MATLAB, and C++ that is capable of simulating multiple UAVs which cooperate to accomplish tactical missions. First there is a discussion of cooperative control of UAVs and then the background of the MultiUAV2 simulation. Next, the simulated mission is explained, including how users can introduce new missions. Next, there are descriptions of the major elements of MultiUAV2, which are: targets/threats, vehicle dynamics, sensors, communications and cooperative assignment algorithms. In the final section, an example of the simulation event flow is presented. C1 AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rasmussen, SJ (reprint author), AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 4490 EP 4501 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470704 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947706013 ER PT S AU Schumacher, C AF Schumacher, C GP IEEE TI Ground moving target engagement by cooperative UAVs SO ACC: Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vols 1-7 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2005 (ACC) CY JUN 08-10, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, AIAA, AIChE, AIST, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB The purpose of this tutorial paper is to present an application example for the MultiUAV cooperative control simulation. MultiUAV has been used to simulate a Cooperative Moving Target Engagement (CMTE) scenario, with a team of UAVs acting as a sensor and communication network to cooperatively track and attack moving ground targets. This scenario illustrates the utility of MultiUAV for cooperative control applications requiring heterogeneous vehicles with varied sensor, communication, dynamic, and weapon capabilities. A human supervisor designates one or more moving ground targets for the vehicles to attack. The vehicle agents must then autonomously and cooperatively determine which vehicles will perform the required tasks, when the tasks will be performed, and what flight paths will be used. This requires assigning time-dependent cooperative and joint tasks, where multiple sub-elements of the primary task must be accomplished by different vehicles, for any of the tasks to have value. This tutorial focuses on the unique requirements of the CMTE scenario and how they are addressed in the MultiUAV simulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schumacher, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-9098-9 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2005 BP 4502 EP 4505 DI 10.1109/ACC.2005.1470705 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCY93 UT WOS:000231947706014 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Majumder, U AF Blasch, E Majumder, U BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Automatic target cueing utilizing a SNAKE-fusion track algorithm SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIX CY MAR 29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE contour tracking; SNAKE; tracking and identification; level 5 fusion; user refinement ID SEGMENTATION; MODELS AB Typical automatic target recognition (ATR) systems rely on measurements from images; however, acquiring the image is dependent on knowing the target location. A dynamic sensor manager points a sensor in the general target direction. Once the general target area is identified (coarse resolution), it is imperative that an ATR system increase pixels on target (fine resolution) to maintain accurate target identification. For this paper, we are concerned about maintaining target position by user-tracker reciprocal cueing. From a general wide-area search image, an operator can refine the target location by monitoring or selecting boundary points around a target. The SNAKE tracking algorithm maintains a track on a target from image sequences by developing a contour between points. For measurement drop-out, we predict target covariance from the previous image-target contour through a Kalman filter. The SNAKE-prediction region for a maneuvering target produces a precise target location from which features can be extracted for target recognition. While the SNAKE algorithm is mature, its usefulness for robust tracking is limited in that that sensor must be locked on the target for the entire process. In this development, we utilize track prediction information to follow targets through occlusions, maintain target tracks through sensor dropouts, and fuse operator inputs to refine the target location. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5795-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5810 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.604250 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Optics GA BCU82 UT WOS:000231338400012 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Roy, A AF Buryachenko, VA Roy, A TI Effective thermoelastic modish. and stress concentrator factors in nanocomposites SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID MORI-TANAKA THEORY; CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; INCLUSION; ORIENTATION; MATRIX; REINFORCEMENTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BOUNDS AB Nanocomposites are modeled as a linearly elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous random field of spheroid nanofibers with prescribed random orientation. An estimation of the effective thermoelastic properties of NC was performed by the effective field method (see Buryachenko, [10]) taking into account the random orientation of nanofibers as well as justified selection of spatial correlations of fiber location. The independent justified choice of shapes of inclusions and correlation holes provides the matrix of effective moduli which is symmetric (in contrast to the Mori-Tanaka approach). One estimates also the effective tensor of thermal expansion and stress concentrator factors depending on the orientation of the fiber being considered as well as on the justified choice of the shape of correlation holes, concentration and orientation distribution functions of nanofibers. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC,AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM valeriy.buryachenko@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 2005 VL 177 IS 1-4 BP 149 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s00707-005-0228-0 PG 21 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 949PM UT WOS:000230800600011 ER PT J AU Petkovska, M Antov, D Sullivan, P AF Petkovska, M Antov, D Sullivan, P TI Electrothermal desorption in an annular-radial flow - ACFC adsorber - Mathematical modeling SO ADSORPTION-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADSORPTION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Fundamentals of Adsorption CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Sedona, AZ SP Int Adsorpt Soc DE electrothermal desorption; radial-flow adsorber; mathematical modeling; optimization; ACFC; TSA ID ADSORPTION; REGENERATION AB A mathematical model of an annular, radial-flow adsorber with the possibility of electroresistive heating of the adsorbent bed has been postulated. The model consists of a set of coupled nonlinear PDEs, ODEs and algebraic equations (material and energy balances for the gas and solid in the adsorbent bed and for the gas in the inlet and in the outlet tube, plus equilibrium relation, criterial equations etc.). The model was solved numerically, using the method of orthogonal collocation for space discretization. It can be used for simulation of adsorption, desorption and TSA processes (cyclic adsorption-desorption). The simulation was used for investigation of the influence of the main process parameters and optimization of the TSA process. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Dept Chem Engn, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. USAF, RL, MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Petkovska, M (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Dept Chem Engn, Karnegijeva 4, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. EM menka@elab.tmf.bg.ac.yu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5607 J9 ADSORPTION JI Adsorpt.-J. Int. Adsorpt. Soc. PY 2005 VL 11 SU 1 BP 585 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s10450-005-5989-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 976HT UT WOS:000232724900098 ER PT S AU Emelett, SJ Soref, RA AF Emelett, SJ Soref, RA BE Coufal, HJ Hasan, ZU Craig, AE TI Electro-optical and optical-optical switching of dual microring resonator waveguide systems SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND QUANTUM MEMORIES AND COMPUTING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing II CY JAN 25-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID SILICON; FILTERS AB We present design and simulation results on two types of inplane, resonant 2 x 2 optical switches in the strip-waveguided silicon-on-insulator (SOI) system. Both switches are intended for cascading into N x N matrices, and the intersecting strips in the second floating ring switch facilitate construction of an N x N crossbar cross-connect. We examine complex index perturbations of both rings due to electrical injection of free carriers into the rings or to the generation of electron-hole pairs induced by above-bandgap control light focused upon the rings. Switching behavior produced by free-carrier-plasma dispersion, Franz-Keldysh, quantum-confined Stark, Kerr, and thermooptic effects are investigated and compared at the 1.33, 1.55, and 10.6 mu m wavelengths. A study of design tolerances and their consequences shows that the 10.6 mu m wavelength is preferred from the standpoint of photolithographic feasibility and the stronger carrier-optic effect. The SOI high index contrast requires small coupling gaps for the 1.33 and 1.55 mu m wavelengths, which in turn necessitates a high photolithographic precision. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Emelett, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5709-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5735 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.601672 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCI58 UT WOS:000229604200003 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Giurgiutiu, V Cooney, A Doane, J AF Blackshire, JL Giurgiutiu, V Cooney, A Doane, J BE Meyendorf, N Baaklini, GY Michel, B TI Characterization of sensor performance and durability for structural health monitoring systems SO Advanced Sensor Technologies for Nondestructive Evaluation and Structural Health Monitoring SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensor Technologies for Nondestructive Evaluation and Structural Health Monitoring CY MAR 08-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; piezo wafer active sensors; displacement-field imaging ID METALLIC STRUCTURES; LAMB WAVES; DAMAGE AB A key question that needs to be addressed and answered with regard to successfully implementing Structural Health Monitoring technologies in Air Force systems involves the long-term operability, durability, and survivability of integrated sensor systems and their associated hardware. Whether a sensor system is fully integrated within a structural material, or surface-bonded to the structure, a number of environmental and system level influences will tend to degrade the sensor system's performance and durability over time. In this effort, an initial sensor durability study was undertaken to better understand the performance and degradation of piezo wafer active sensor (PWAS) systems under adverse mechanical, temperature, and moisture conditions. A novel displacement-field imaging approach was utilized to understand the vibration characteristics of PWAS transducers placed in accelerated vibration, temperature-cycling, and moisture-cycling conditions. The results showed damage in the form of PWAS sensor cracking events, bond degradation and failure, as well as indications of performance variation and reduction due to the accelerated exposure levels. Future activities will focus on identifying critical durability and survivability issues through advanced sensor modeling and additional accelerated testing efforts, with the ultimate goal of improving the robustness of health monitoring systems through improved sensor system design and packaging. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Giurgiutiu, Victor/F-1394-2011; GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5751-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5770 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1117/12.599888 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCO92 UT WOS:000230455100007 ER PT S AU Miller, TM AF Miller, TM BE Stroke, HH TI Thermal electron attachment and detachment in gases SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 51 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; NEGATIVE-ION CHEMISTRY; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; RATE CONSTANTS; AFTERGLOW PLASMAS; COLLISIONAL DETACHMENT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; NITRIC-OXIDE; FLOW TUBE AB This article describes measurements of electron attachment and detachment rate constants made in the thermal environment of a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus (FALP) at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). If the molecular electron affinity is low enough that electron detachment from the parent anion occurs in the temperature range of the apparatus (298-550 K), the attachment/detachment equilibrium constant allows accurate determination of the electron affinity. Electron attachment reactions to a variety of molecules is described, from simple hexafluorides to transition-metal trifluorophosphines and carbonyls. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil NR 121 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003851-X J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2005 VL 51 BP 299 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(05)51018-8 PG 44 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BDT09 UT WOS:000235191900008 ER PT S AU Gould, H Miller, TM AF Gould, H Miller, TM BE Stroke, HH TI Recent developments in the measurement of static electric dipole polarizabilities SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 51 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; LIGHT-FORCE TECHNIQUE; RYDBERG STATES; FINE-STRUCTURE; HALIDE DIMERS; CLUSTERS; BEAM; SODIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; DEFLECTION AB Recent advances in the measurement of static electric dipole polarizabilities are discussed. A brief history of atomic beam methods is given, with an emphasis on the work from Benjamin Bederson's laboratory at New York University. The latest measurements are described, including electric deflection experiments with cluster beams, the light-force method, atom-beam interferometry, electric-field induced velocity change of laser-cooled atoms, beam-foil spectroscopy, and microwave spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms and ions. Atomic-beam interferometry, laser-cooled atoms, and microwave spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms have yielded polarizabilities with unprecedented accuracy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HAGould@lbl.gov; Thomas.Miller@hanscom.af.mil NR 85 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003851-X J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2005 VL 51 BP 343 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(05)51019-X PG 19 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BDT09 UT WOS:000235191900009 ER PT J AU Van, T Wood, A AF Van, T Wood, A TI Finite element analysis of transient electromagnetic scattering problems SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Maxwell's equations; finite element methods; Newmark scheme; error estimates; stability; cavity ID MAXWELL EQUATIONS AB In this paper, Newmark time-stepping scheme and edge elements are used to numerically solve the time-dependent scattering problem in a three-dimensional cavity. Finite element methods based on the variational formulation derived in [23] are considered. Due to the lack of regularity of epsilon(r) the existence and uniqueness of the discrete solutions and their convergence are proved by using the concept of collectively compact operators. An optimal convergence rate in the energy norm is also established. C1 Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM tvan@mrcday.com; Aihua.Wood@afit.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1019-7168 J9 ADV COMPUT MATH JI Adv. Comput. Math. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 21 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10444-005-1176-x PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 894SG UT WOS:000226811300002 ER PT S AU Campbell, DP AF Campbell, David P. BE Mobley, WM Weldon, E TI GLOBALIZATION: THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP ARE UNIVERSAL AND TIMELESS SO ADVANCES IN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP, VOL 4 SE Advances in Global Leadership LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this paper, I describe nine universal leadership competencies that transcend cultural differences. First, I provide examples to show that globalization is not a new phenomenon and that many of the challenges leaders face are caused by the speed of change made possible by permeable boundaries rather than globalization per se. Then I describe the nine universal competences. These universal competences cover the major tasks of organizational leadership and apply around the world. C1 [Campbell, David P.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Campbell, David P.] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Campbell, David P.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Campbell, DP (reprint author), Ctr Creat Leadership, Greensboro, NC USA. EM Campbelld@leaders.ccl.org NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1535-1203 BN 978-0-7623-1160-6 J9 ADV GLOB LEADERSHIP PY 2005 VL 4 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S1535-1203(06)04010-X PG 16 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BOI14 UT WOS:000276694500010 ER PT S AU Berger, M Yin, L Moore, J AF Berger, M Yin, L Moore, J BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Koracin, D Parvin, B TI Active view optimization for viewing objects in motion SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Visual Computing CY DEC 05-07, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, intel, Digital Persona, Equinox AB This paper introduces a novel method to automatically generate camera animation for scenes with objects in motion. A means of bounding the scene is first discussed, in order to provide a restricted surface for the camera to move along. Methods for generating static views of a scene are then developed, based on prior literature in the field of optimal camera views. Methods for producing smooth animations for camera paths are developed. This is broken up into two constraints; the minimum distance constraint and the minimum angle constraint. Finally, a camera path is produced based on the two prior constraints. This framework is then applied to the problem of facial tracking and visualizing a large scene. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Comp Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Berger, M (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Comp Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-30750-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3804 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDP92 UT WOS:000234830800002 ER PT S AU Hamilton, ER AF Hamilton, ER BE Tao, J Picard, RW TI Affective composites: Autonomy and proxy in pedagogical agent networks SO AFFECTIVE COMPUTING AND INTELLIGENT INTERACTION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction CY OCT 22-24, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Nokia Ltd, Siemens Ltd, Int Speech Commun Assoc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Assoc Automat, China Soc Image & Graph, China Comp Federat, Natl High-Tech Res & Dev Program AB This paper proposes an alternative paradigm for building affective competencies in embodied conversational agents (ECAs). The key feature of this approach -- and the reason for referring to it as an alternative paradigm -entails use of hybrid ECAs that are expressive both autonomously and as pass-through proxies for human communications. The context in which this hybrid ECA paradigm is currently under investigation involves animated pedagogical agents. Other domains for which ECAs are under current and envisioned use, however, such as medical inter-views, may also be appropriate for their application. One critical research question involves testing the conjecture that human affect shared through an agent reverberates to or scaffolds the empathic credibility, trustworthiness or effectiveness of the agent when it is functioning autonomously. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hamilton, ER (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM eric.hamilton@usafa.af.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29621-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3784 BP 898 EP 906 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDM83 UT WOS:000234342700115 ER PT S AU West, JE Messinger, DW Ientilucci, EJ Kerekes, JP Schott, JR AF West, JE Messinger, DW Ientilucci, EJ Kerekes, JP Schott, JR BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Matched filter stochastic background characterization for hyperspectral target detection SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE hyperspectral; target detection; background characterization; matched filters; covariance ID ALGORITHM; IMAGERY AB Algorithms exploiting hyperspectral imagery for target detection have continually evolved to provide improved detection results. Adaptive matched filters can be used to locate spectral targets by modeling scene background as either structured (geometric) with a set of endmembers (basis vectors) or as unstructured (stochastic) with a covariance or correlation matrix. These matrices are often calculated using all available pixels in a data set. In unstructured background research, various techniques for improving upon scene-wide methods have been developed, each involving either the removal of target signatures from the background model or the segmentation of image data into spatial or spectral subsets. Each of these methods increase the detection signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and the multivariate normality (MVN) of the data from which background statistics are calculated, thus increasing separation between target and non-target species in the detection statistic and ultimately improving thresholded target detection results. Such techniques for improved background characterization are widely practiced but not well documented or compared. This paper provides a review and comparison of methods in target exclusion, spatial subsetting and spectral pre-clustering, and introduces a new technique which combines these methods. The analysis provides insight into the merit of employing unstructured background characterization techniques, as well as limitations for their practical application. C1 USAF, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), USAF, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.605727 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600001 ER PT S AU Feather, BK Fulkerson, SA Jones, JH Reed, RA Simmons, MA Swann, DG Taylor, WE Bernstein, LS AF Feather, BK Fulkerson, SA Jones, JH Reed, RA Simmons, MA Swann, DG Taylor, WE Bernstein, LS BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Compression technique for plume hyperspectral images SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE hyperspectral; image compression; infrared signature AB The authors recently developed a hyperspectral image output option for a standardized government code designed to predict missile exhaust plume infrared signatures. Typical predictions cover the 2- to 5-m wavelength range (2000 to 5000 cm-1) at 5 cm-1 spectral resolution, and as a result the hyperspectral images have several hundred frequency channels. Several hundred hyperspectral plume images are needed to span the full operational envelope of missile altitude, Mach number, and aspect angle. Since the net disk storage space can be as large as 100 GB, a Principal Components Analysis is used to compress the spectral dimension, reducing the volume of data to just a few gigabytes. The principal challenge was to specify a robust default setting for the data compression routine suitable for general users, who are not necessarily specialists in data compression. Specifically, the objective was to provide reasonable data compression efficiency of the hyperspectral imagery while at the same time retaining sufficient accuracy for infrared scene generation and hardware-in-the-loop test applications over a range of sensor bandpasses and scenarios. In addition, although the end users of the code do not usually access the detailed spectral information contained in these hyperspectral images, this information must nevertheless be of sufficient fidelity so that atmospheric transmission losses between the missile plume and the sensor could be reliably computed as a function of range. Several metrics were used to determine how far the plume signature hyperspectral data could be safely compressed while still meeting these end-user requirements. C1 AEDC Grp, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Feather, BK (reprint author), AEDC Grp, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.601904 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600007 ER PT S AU Baccheschi, NL Brown, S Kerekes, J Schott, J AF Baccheschi, NL Brown, S Kerekes, J Schott, J BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Generation of a combined dataset of simulated radar and EO/IR imagery SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE synthetic aperture radar (SAR); electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR); synthetic imagery; DIRSIG; Xpatch AB In the world of remote sensing, both radar and EO/IR (electro-optical/infrared) sensors carry with them unique information useful to the imaging community. Radar has the capability of imaging through all types of weather, day or night. EO/IR produces radiance maps and frequently images at much finer resolution than radar. While each of these systems is valuable to imaging, there exists unknown territory in the imaging community as to the value added in combining the best of both these worlds. This work will begin to explore the challenges in simulating a scene in both a radar tool called Xpatch and an EO/IR tool called DIRSIG (Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation). The capabilities and limitations inherent to both radar and EO/IR are similar in the image simulation tools, so the work done in a simulated environment will carry over to the real-world environment as well. The goal of this effort is to demonstrate an environment where EO/IR and radar images of common scenes can be simulated. Once demonstrated, this environment would be used to facilitate trade studies of various multi-sensor instrument design and exploitation algorithm concepts. The synthetic data generated will be compared to existing measured data to demonstrate the validity of the experiment. C1 USAF, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Baccheschi, NL (reprint author), USAF, 54 Lomb Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 88 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.605711 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600009 ER PT S AU Luminati, JE Hale, TB Havrilla, MJ AF Luminati, JE Hale, TB Havrilla, MJ BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Mitigation of complex target Doppler aliasing artifacts in SAR imagery using stepped-frequency waveforms SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; Stepped-Frequency waveforms; Xpatch; Doppler aliasing ID SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR AB Traditional high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems operate by placing a narrow transmit beam on a given ground patch for an extended time period. An alternate method of achieving high resolution is to increase the beamwidth. This approach allows both high resolution and large coverage areas, but increases the Doppler spread of the clutter echoes and therefore the required Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF). Unfortunately, the required PRF for avoiding Doppler aliasing can become impractical rather quickly. This paper begins by introducing a recently proposed technique for mitigating these Doppler aliasing artifacts using continuous transmission of Stepped-Frequency (SF) waveforms. By randomizing the subpulse frequency order on a waveform-to-waveform basis. matched filter processing has been shown to build a composite ambiguity function which places Doppler filter nulls on top of Doppler aliasing artifacts, effectively removing them from the imagery. Using Chi patch radar scattering data of a backhoe, this technique is demonstrated for the first time using a non-point scatterer target. The 2-D spatial frequency data is used to produce uncompressed target echoes of randomized SF waveforms. A Doppler mismatch is applied to simulate the return from an aliased target. By applying the appropriate filter to the SF echoes, the aliased target is eliminated, dropping the peak of the aliased energy by nearly 40 dB. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Luminati, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.606908 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900006 ER PT S AU Gorham, L Naidu, KD Majumder, U Minardi, MA AF Gorham, L Naidu, KD Majumder, U Minardi, MA BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Backhoe 3D "Gold Standard" image SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE synthetic aperture radar; visualization AB ViSUAI-D (VIsual Sar Using ALI Dimensions), a 2004 DARPA/IXO seedling effort, is developing a capability for reliable hi-h confidence ID from standoff ranges. Recent conflicts have demonstrated that the warfighter would greatly benefit from the ability to ID targets beyond visual and electro-optical ranges[1]. Forming optical-quality SAR images while exploiting full polarization, wide angles, and large bandwidth would be key evidence such a capability is achievable. Using data generated by the Chi patch EM scattering code, ViSUAI-D investigates all degrees of freedom available to the radar designer, including 6 GHz bandwidth, full polarization and angle sampling over 2 pi steradians (upper hemisphere), in order to produce a "literal" image or representation of the target. This effort includes the generation of a "Gold Standard" image that can be produced at Chi-band utilizing all available target data. This "Gold Standard" image of the backhoe will serve as a test bed for future more relevant military targets and their image development. The seedling, team produced a public release data which was released at the 2004 SPIE conference, as well as a 3D "Gold Standard" backhoe image using a 3D image formation algorithm. This paper describes the full backhoe data set, the image formation algorithm, the visualization process and the resulting image. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, ATR Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorham, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, ATR Div, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.609907 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900007 ER PT S AU Lewis, TL Gorham, L Mitra, AK Shaw, AK AF Lewis, TL Gorham, L Mitra, AK Shaw, AK BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI An iterative method for SAR moving target detection and geolocation for staring radar applications SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE SAR; moving target detection AB Our proposed research is to focus and geolocate moving targets in synthetic aperture radar imagery. The first step is to estimate the target cross-range velocity using sequential sub-apertures; this is done by forming low resolution images and estimating position as a function of sub-aperture, thus yielding an estimate of the cross-range velocity. This cross-range estimate is then used to bound the search range for a bank of focusing filters. Determining the proper velocity that yields the best focused target defines an equation for the target velocity, however both components of the targets velocity can not be determined from a single equation. Therefore, a second image with a slightly different heading is needed to yield a second focusing velocity, and then having a system of two equations and two unknowns a solution can be obtained. Once the target velocity is known the proper position can be determined from the range velocity. The results support the development of staring radars with much larger synthetic aperture integration times in comparison to existing radars. The overall flavor of this approach is to trade-off the development of potentially expensive phased-array technology for GMTI and DOA applications with the potential development of advanced processing methods that show potential for processing data over very large aperture integration intervals to obtain similar GMTI geolocation results as with current phased C array technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lewis, TL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNRR, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.604683 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900010 ER PT S AU Minardi, MJ Gorham, LA Zelnio, EG AF Minardi, MJ Gorham, LA Zelnio, EG BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Ground moving target detection and tracking based on generalized SAR processing and change detection. SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE SAR; GMTI; synthetic aperture radar; radar signal processing AB A unified way of detecting and tracking moving targets with a SAR radar called SAR-MTI is presented. SAR-MTI differs from STAP or DPCA in that it is a generalization of SAR processing and can work with only a single phase center. SAR-MTI requires formation of a series of images assuming different sensor ground speeds, from v(s)-v(tmax) to v(s)+v(tmax), where v(s) is the actual sensor ground speed and v(tmax) is the maximum target speed of interest. Each image will capture a different set of target velocities, and the complete set of images will focus all target speeds less than a desired maximum speed regardless of direction and target location. Thus the 2-dimensional SAR image is generalized to a 3-dimensional cube or stack of images. All linear moving targets less than the desired speed will be focused somewhere in the cube. The third dimension represents the along track velocity of the mover which is a piece of information not available to standard airborne MTI A mover will remain focused at the same place within the cube as long as the motion of the mover and the sensor remain linear. Because stationary targets also focus within the detection cube, move-stop-move targets are handled smoothly and without changing waveforms or modes. Another result of this fact is that SAR-MTI has no minimum detectable velocity. SAR-MTI has an inherent ambiguity because the four-dimensions of target parameters (two dimensions in both velocity and position) are mapped into a three-dimensional detection space. This ambiguity is characterized and methods for resolving the ambiguity for geolocation are discussed. The point spread function in the detection cube is also described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Automat Target Recognit Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Minardi, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Automat Target Recognit Div, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.609893 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900017 ER PT S AU Dilsavor, R Ailes, W Rush, P Ahmad, F Keichel, W Titi, G Amin, M AF Dilsavor, R Ailes, W Rush, P Ahmad, F Keichel, W Titi, G Amin, M BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Experiments on wideband through-the-wall radar imaging SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE through the wall imaging; beamforming; near range imaging; 3D imaging; imaging through dielectric media; public release data set; full polarization; wideband; stepped frequency waveform; bistatic; experiment AB The Center for Advanced Communications (CAC) at Villanova University has conducted several preliminary through-the-wall imaging experiments and collected real data on different settings behind the wall using a newly-integrated RF instrumentation suite. The full-polarization, 2D aperture data measurements are taken using an Agilent network analyzer, Model ENA 5071B, implementing a step frequency waveform over a 2-3 GHz frequency range. The room imaged is a typical computer lab that has been lined with radar absorbing material. Three different arrangements of the room's contents are considered: empty scene, calibration scene, and populated scene. The empty scene allows measurement of the noise/clutter background and supports coherent subtraction with the other two scenes. The calibration scene contains isolated reflectors that may be used to determine a fully-polarimetric radiometric calibration solution for the experimental system. The populated scene contains a number of common objects such as a phone, computer, tables, chair and filing cabinet. In addition, a jug of saline solution has been added to crudely approximate a human. Each scene is imaged with and without a wall. The wall is composed of plywood and gypsum board on a wood frame. The antennas are mounted on a 2D scanner that moves the antennas along and adjacent to the wall and is controlled by the network analyzer. Two additional antennas are fixed to the scanner frame and act as bistatic receivers. The paper provides a detailed description of the RF system and experimental conditions and provides a quick look at collected data products. The data measurements, technical details on collection instrumentation, auxiliary measurements, and scene truth data will be made available starting in April 05 to download from the Villanova CAC website at http://www.engineering.villanova.edu/cac/TWRI-experiments. C1 AFRL, SNAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dilsavor, R (reprint author), AFRL, SNAS, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 196 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.607742 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900021 ER PT S AU Albrecht, TW Bauer, KW AF Albrecht, TW Bauer, KW BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Classification of sequenced SAR target images via hidden Markov models with decision fusion SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE HMM; target recognition; SAR; fusion ID IDENTIFICATION; PROFILES; ATR AB The classification ground vehicle targets from the MSTAR (Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition) database is investigated using Gaussian-mixture hidden Markov models (gHMMs) and synthetic aperture radar images. The gHMMs employ features extracted from High Range Resolution (HRR) radar signal magnitude versus range profiles of the targets. Feature enhancement is made using Cetin's point-based reconstruction technique. The impact on classification accuracy across numbers of hidden states and sequence length is explored using separate training and testing data. Multiple gHMM classifier outputs are fused according to various decision rules across which classification performance is explored. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.albrecht@afit.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1117/12.603694 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900030 ER PT S AU Ross, TD Pierson, WE Zelnio, EG Priddy, KL AF Ross, TD Pierson, WE Zelnio, EG Priddy, KL BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Detection system performance metrics with scene content dependencies SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE ATR; detection; false alarms; evaluation; performance theory; performance assessment; performance metrics; scene-based; user perspective AB Traditional detection system performance metrics, such a probability of detection and probability of false alarm, depend only on how the system responds to individual target-sized regions-of-interest (ROIs). The composition of the larger scene does not affect those metrics. There are circumstances however, where a user of a detection system wants to know, "For a given cue, what is the probability that the cue is correct?" or perhaps the detector is being used to determine a property of the overall scene. As an example of the latter case, suppose the detection system is looking for diseased cells in a tissue sample. Even if only one diseased cell exists, the whole "scene" represents a diseased individual. In both cases, the user-perspective or the scene-based perspective, the natural performance metrics depend on the scene content. especially the numbers of target and confuser ROIs. This paper defines scene-content dependent (SCD) performance metrics for detection systems, develops a theory for computing them, and illustrates properties of the metrics with examples. The SCD performance theory enabled determination of the example metrics in about two hours of computation; whereas Monte Carlo methods would have taken almost a year and direct testing would have been almost impossible. C1 USAF, RL, SNA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 354 EP 372 DI 10.1117/12.609758 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900035 ER PT S AU Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD AF Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Probability densities and confidence intervals for target recognition performance metrics SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE automatic target recognition; performance metrics; receiver operating characteristic ID OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; ROC CURVES; MODEL SELECTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; BOUNDS; BANDS AB Probability densities for target recognition performance metrics are developed. These densities assist in evaluation of systems under test (SUTs), which are systems that predict the presence of a target after examination of an input. After such examination, a SUT assigns a score that indicates the predicted likelihood that a target is present. From scores for a series of many inputs, the suitability of a SUT can be evaluated through performance metrics such as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the confidence error (CE) generation curve. The ROC is a metric that describes how well the probability densities of target and clutter scores are separated, where clutter refers to the absence of target. The CE generation curve and the corresponding scalar CE is a metric that evaluates the accuracy of the score. Since only a limited number of test scores (scores for which the truth state is known by the evaluator) is typically available to evaluate a SUT, it is critical to quantify uncertainty in the performance metric results. A process for estimating such uncertainty through probability densities for the performance metrics is examined here. Once the probability densities are developed, confidence intervals are also obtained. The process that develops the densities and related confidence intervals is implemented in a fully Bayesian manner. Two approaches are examined, one which makes initial assumptions regarding the form of the underlying target and clutter densities and a second approach which avoids such assumptions. The target and clutter density approach is applicable to additional performance metrics. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parker, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.602322 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900036 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Lavely, E Ross, T AF Blasch, E Lavely, E Ross, T BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI Fidelity score for ATR performance modeling SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE performance modeling; fidelity score; SAR; ATR AB Automatic target recognition (ATR) performance modeling is dependent on model complexity, training data, and test analysis. In order to compare different ATR algorithms, we develop a fidelity score that characterizes the quality of different algorithms to meet real-world conditions. For instance, a higher fidelity ATR performance model (PM) is robust over many operating conditions (sensors, targets, environments). An ATR model that is run for one terrain, might not be applicable for all terrains, yet its operating manual clarifies its range of applicability. In this paper, we discuss a fidelity score that captures the performance application of ATR models and can be extended to different sensors over many operating conditions. The modeling quantification testing can be used as a fidelity score, validation metric, or guidance for model improvements. The goal is to provide a framework to instantiate a high fidelity model that captures theoretical, simulated, experimental, and real world data performance for use in a dynamic sensor manager. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1117/12.604254 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900037 ER PT S AU Zelnio, EG Ross, TD Bryant, ML AF Zelnio, EG Ross, TD Bryant, ML BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI A demonstration of the confuser and likelihood modeling benefits for target detection in SAR imagery SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE ATR; detection; confidence; performance estimation; MSTAR; confuser; Bayesian; posterior; likelihood AB A common approach to the detection of objects in sensor data is to model the target, compare the input data to that model and then if the match is close enough, declare target-present. This is how many automatic target recognition (ATR) systems operate. An alternative approach is to also have confuser models (CMs) and to consider how close the input data is to all of the models in the library. The advantages of CMs can be increased by also modeling the match score likelihoods for targets and confusers. This paper considers several methods for using CMs and likelihood models (LMs) and demonstrates their relative merits with a mean-squared-error based ATR on the MSTAR synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) public data set. Two benefits of CMs and LMs are demonstrated. They improve the ability of the ATR to discriminate targets and confusers, as one might expect, but they can also help the ATR estimate the confidence it should have in its decisions. In the demonstration, the area-under-the-ROC curve was increased from 0.88 to 0.94 by CM use. For the important case of out-of-library confusers, if the probability of false alarm (Pfa) is set to 0.1 then CMS and LMs increase probability of detection (Pd) from 0.40 to 0.65. On the other hand if the Pd is set to 0.9 then the CMs and LMs decrease Pfa from 0.50 to 0.35. The posterior estimate (i.e., the ATR's confidence) had a reduction in RMS error from 0.27 to 0.09 through the use of CMs and LMs. C1 USAF, RL, SNA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zelnio, EG (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1117/12.609896 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900038 ER PT S AU Wilgus, JS Miller, KL Naidu, KD Rice, AC Fitzgerald, DM Wise, AR AF Wilgus, JS Miller, KL Naidu, KD Rice, AC Fitzgerald, DM Wise, AR BE Zeinio, EG Garber, FD TI A look into AFRL/SNA's sensor data archive and collection methodologies SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Symthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII CY MAR 28-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE Automated Target Recognition; sensor data; synthetic data; measured data; evaluation; data archive AB Having relevant sensor data available during the early phases of ATR algorithm development and evaluation projects is paramount. The source of this data primarily comes from either being synthetically-generated or from measured collections. These collections, in turn, can either be highly-controlled or operational-like exercises. This paper presents a broad overview on the types of data being housed within the Automatic Target Recognition Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/SNA) and that are available to the ATR developer. C1 USAF, RL, SNAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilgus, JS (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5793-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5808 BP 450 EP 461 DI 10.1117/12.609905 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU80 UT WOS:000231335900043 ER PT J AU Whyte, MP Essmyer, K Gannon, FH Reinus, WR AF Whyte, MP Essmyer, K Gannon, FH Reinus, WR TI Skeletal fluorosis and instant tea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE THERAPY; DRINKING-WATER; BONE; OSTEOPOROSIS; CALCIUM C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Barnes Jewish Hosp, Div Bone & Mineral Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Ctr Metab Bone Dis & Mol Res, St Louis, MO USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Orthoped Sect, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA. RP Whyte, MP (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Barnes Jewish Hosp, Div Bone & Mineral Dis, 660 S Euclid,Box 8301, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM mwhyte@shrinenet.org NR 27 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 118 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.046 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 888FN UT WOS:000226359700014 PM 15639213 ER PT J AU Richardson, RR Yerkes, E Bauman, S Bezzant, S AF Richardson, RR Yerkes, E Bauman, S Bezzant, S TI MR genitography in the evaluation of complex genitourinary malformations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Phoenix Childrens Hosp, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800068 ER PT J AU Arcara, LK Murphey, MD Gannon, FH Jelinek, JS Flemming, DJ Dinauer, PA AF Arcara, LK Murphey, MD Gannon, FH Jelinek, JS Flemming, DJ Dinauer, PA TI Adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia: Radiologic differentiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Orthoped Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800116 ER PT J AU Reed, CM Richardson, RR Zarka, AI AF Reed, CM Richardson, RR Zarka, AI TI Virtual bronchoscopy contributes significantly to the evaluation of pediatric tracheobronchial disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800292 ER PT J AU Richardson, RR Reed, CM Zarka, AI AF Richardson, RR Reed, CM Zarka, AI TI Virtual bronchoscopy in the evaluation of pediatric tracheobronchial disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Phoenix Childrens Hosp, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800327 ER PT J AU Harston, CW Carlson, CL Kirkpatrick, AD Wang, DT Lisanti, CJ AF Harston, CW Carlson, CL Kirkpatrick, AD Wang, DT Lisanti, CJ TI Increase your MRI knowledge head to toe: Quiz with emphasis on basic principles and common pathophysiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. US SOUTHCOM Hlth Clin, Dept Aerosp Med, Miami, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800338 ER PT J AU Prasad, SR Tuli, R Wolsey, GT Chen, SR Dalrymple, NC Chintapalli, KN AF Prasad, SR Tuli, R Wolsey, GT Chen, SR Dalrymple, NC Chintapalli, KN TI CT radiation dose parameters as applied to multidetector-row CT: CTDI and beyond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800349 ER PT J AU Walker, KR Mansfield, LT Grayson, D AF Walker, KR Mansfield, LT Grayson, D TI Soft tissue masses with low signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images ("CHAFT"): A pictorial essay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800437 ER PT J AU Lastine, CL Sweet, CD Beall, DP Ly, JQ Wu, DH Grayson, DE Jennings, BT AF Lastine, CL Sweet, CD Beall, DP Ly, JQ Wu, DH Grayson, DE Jennings, BT TI Incidence of an abnormal alpha angle using MDCT analysis: A marker of femoroacetabular impingement SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800444 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Ly, JQ Webb, JR AF Beall, DP Ly, JQ Webb, JR TI MR imaging of hip injuries that are common in runners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 15-20, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Univ Oklahoma, Coll Med, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2005 VL 184 IS 4 SU S BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 920VH UT WOS:000228717800454 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Gilbert, BC Davis, SW Beall, DP Richardson, RR AF Ly, JQ Gilbert, BC Davis, SW Beall, DP Richardson, RR TI Lymphangioma of the foot SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med Educ, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 184 IS 1 BP 205 EP 206 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 890JQ UT WOS:000226507900037 PM 15615975 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Boatz, JA Bau, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Yousufuddin, M Christe, KO AF Haiges, R Boatz, JA Bau, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Yousufuddin, M Christe, KO TI Polyazide chemistry: The first binary group 6 azides, Mo(N(3))(6), W(N(3))(6), [Mo(N(3))(7)](-), and [W(N(3))(7)](-), and the [NW(N(3))(4)](-) and [NMo(N(3))(4)](-) ions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; molybdenum; nitrides; structure elucidation; tungsten ID DINUCLEAR COMPLEX ANION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IR-SPECTRUM; TRIMETHYLSILYL AZIDE; NITRIDO-COMPLEXES; BASIS-SETS; MOLYBDENUM; TUNGSTEN; CHROMIUM; LIGANDS C1 Univ So Calif, Loker REs Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Haiges, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker REs Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiges@usc.edu; kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 95 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1860 EP 1865 DI 10.1002/anie.200462740 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 908CT UT WOS:000227765600021 PM 15723363 ER PT J AU Sims, RW Pryse, SE Denig, WF AF Sims, RW Pryse, SE Denig, WF TI Spatial structure of summertime ionospheric plasma near magnetic noon SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biannual EISCAT International Workshop CY AUG, 2003 CL SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA HO SRI Int DE ionosphere; plasma convection; plasma temperature and density; polar ionosphere ID HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; POLAR-CAP PLASMA; F-LAYER TROUGH; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; PATCHES; CUSP; REGION; TOMOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS AB Results are presented from a multi-instrument study of the spatial distribution of the summertime, polar ionospheric electron density under conditions of relatively stable IMF B-z < 0. The EISCAT Svalbard radar revealed a region of enhanced densities near magnetic noon that, when comparing radar scans from different local times, appeared to be spatially confined in longitude. This was identified as the tongue-of-ionisation (TOI) that comprised photoionisation of sub-auroral origin that is drawn poleward into the polar cap by the anti-sunward flow of the high-latitude convection. The TOI was bounded in longitude by high-latitude troughs; the pre-noon trough on the morning side with a minimum near 78 degrees N and the post-noon trough on the afternoon side with a minimum at 80 degrees N. Complementary measurements by radio tomography, the SuperDARN radars, and a DMSP satellite, together with comparisons with earlier modelling work, provided supporting evidence for the interpretation of the density structuring, and highlighted the role of plasma convection in the formation of summertime plasma distribution. Soft particle precipitation played only a secondary role in the modulation of the large summertime densities entering the polar cap. C1 Univ Coll Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. USAF, Res Lab, Sapce Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Sims, RW (reprint author), Univ Coll Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. EM sep@aber.ac.uk NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908RK UT WOS:000227806900004 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Burke, WJ Pedersen, T AF Mishin, EV Burke, WJ Pedersen, T TI HF-induced airglow at magnetic zenith: theoretical considerations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biannual EISCAT International Workshop CY AUG, 2003 CL SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA HO SRI Int DE space plasma physics; active perturbation experiments; nonlinear phenomena; wave-wave interactions ID IONOSPHERIC HEATING EXPERIMENTS; ENHANCED INCOHERENT BACKSCATTER; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; ASPECT ANGLE DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER-C; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; RADIO-WAVES; ACCELERATION; EXCITATION; INSTABILITY AB Observations of airglow at 630 nm (red line) and 557.7 nm (green line) during HF modification experiments at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility are analyzed. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding the generation of Langmuir and ion acoustic waves during magnetic zenith injections. We show that observations of HF-induced airglow in an underdense ionosphere as well as a decrease in the height of the emitting volume are consistent with this scenario. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hansom Air Force Base, MA 01731 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM evgenii.mishin@hanscom.af.mil NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908RK UT WOS:000227806900006 ER PT J AU Blixt, EM Kosch, MJ Semeter, J AF Blixt, EM Kosch, MJ Semeter, J TI Relative drift between black aurora and the ionospheric plasma SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Step Polymerization or Polycondensation CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Roanoke, VA DE auroral ionosphere; MI interaction; energetic particles, precipitating ID ENERGY; PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; SIMULATION; ELECTRONS; DYNAMICS; EISCAT; ARCS AB Black auroras are recognized as spatially well-defined regions within uniform diffuse aurora where the optical emission is significantly reduced. Although a well studied phenomenon, there is no generally accepted theory for black auroras. One theory suggests that black regions are formed when energetic magnetospheric electrons no longer have access to the loss cone. If this blocking mechanism drifts with the source electron population in the magnetosphere, black auroras in the ionosphere should drift eastward with a velocity that increases with the energy of the precipitating electrons in the surrounding aurora, since the gradient-B curvature drift is energy dependent. It is the purpose of this paper to test this hypothesis. To do so we have used simultaneous measurements by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar and an auroral TV camera at Tromso, Norway. We have analyzed 8 periods in which a black aurora occurred frequently to determine their relative drift with respect to the ionospheric plasma. The black aurora was found to drift eastward with a velocity of 1.5-4 km/s, which is in accordance with earlier observations. However, one case was found where a black patch was moving westward, this being the first report of such behaviour in the literature. In general, the drift was parallel to the ionospheric flow but at a much higher velocity. This suggests that the generating mechanism is not of ionospheric origin. The characteristic energy of the precipitating electron population was estimated through inversion of E-region plasma density profiles. We show that the drift speed of the black patches increased with the energy of the precipitating electrons in a way consistent with the gradient-B curvature drift, suggesting a magnetospheric mechanism for the black aurora. As expected, a comparison of the drift speeds with a rudimentary dipole field model of the gradient-B curvature drift speed only yields order-of-magnitude agreement, which most likely is due to the night-side disturbed magnetosphere being significantly stretched. C1 Univ Tromso, Dept Phys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Blixt, EM (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Phys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM marten.blixt@phys.uit.no NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1611 EP 1621 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962BQ UT WOS:000231706400011 ER PT J AU Oksavik, K Moen, J Carlson, HC Greenwald, RA Milan, SE Lester, M Denig, WF Barnes, RJ AF Oksavik, K Moen, J Carlson, HC Greenwald, RA Milan, SE Lester, M Denig, WF Barnes, RJ TI Multi-instrument mapping of the small-scale flow dynamics related to a cusp auroral transient SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; current systems; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; ionosphere; plasma convection ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; CUTLASS FINLAND RADAR; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; PULSED IONOSPHERIC FLOWS; COHERENT HF RADAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE AB In this paper we focus on flux transfer events (FTEs) and poleward moving auroral forms (PMAFs) in the cusp region, combining data from the EISCAT Svalbard radar. SuperDARN HF radars, ground-based optics, and three low-altitude polar-orbiting spacecraft. During an interval of southward interplanetary magnetic field the EISCAT Svalbard radar tracked a train of narrow flow channels drifting into the polar cap. One 30-60 km wide flow channel surrounded by flow running in the opposite direction is studied in great detail from when it formed equatorward of the cusp aurora, near magnetic noon, until it left the field-of-view and disappeared into the polar cap. Satellite data shows that the flow channel was on open field lines. The flow pattern is consistent with field-aligned currents on the sides of the flow channel: with a downward current on the equatorward side, and an upward current on the poleward side. The poleward edge of the flow channel was coincident with a PMAF that separated from the background cusp aurora and drifted into the polar cap. A passage of the DMSP F13 spacecraft confirms that the FTE flow channel was still discernable over 15 minutes after it formed, as the spacecraft revealed a 3040 km wide region of sunward flow within the anti-sunward background convection. From the dimensions of the flow channel we estimate that the magnetic flux contained in the event was at least 1 MWb. This data set also shows that Birkeland current filaments often seen by low-altitude spacecraft in the cusp/mantle are really associated with individual FTE events or a train of FTEs in progress. As the region 0 or cusp/mantle current represents the statistical average consistent with the large-scale flow pattern, we therefore introduce a new term - FTE currents - to denote the unique pair of Birkeland current sheets that are associated with individual meso-scale FTE flow disturbances. The poleward moving auroral forms (PMAFs), often referred to in the literature, are the optical signature of the upward FTE current. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. AF Res Lab, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Oksavik, K (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. EM kjellmar.oksavik@jhuapl.edu OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992; Greenwald, Raymond/0000-0002-7421-5536 NR 79 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2657 EP 2670 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988CL UT WOS:000233568900035 ER PT J AU Milan, SE Basu, S Yeoman, TK Sheehan, RE AF Milan, SE Basu, S Yeoman, TK Sheehan, RE TI A comparison of satellite scintillation measurements with HF radar backscatter characteristics SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; radio science; space and satellite communication ID F-REGION IRREGULARITIES; CUTLASS AB We examine the correspondence between high latitude ionospheric scintillation measurements made at 250 MHz with the occurrence of 10 MHz HF coherent radar backscatter, on 13 and 14 December 2002. We demonstrate that when the ionospheric intersection point of the scintillation measurements is co-located with significant HF radar backscatter, the observed scintillation, quantified by the S4 index, is elevated. Conversely, when the radar indicates that backscatter is observed away from the intersection point due to movements of the auroral zone, the observed scintillation is low. This suggests that scintillation is highly location-dependent, being enhanced in the auroral zone and being lower at sub-auroral latitudes. The coexistence of scintillation and HF radar backscatter, produced by ionospheric density perturbations with scale sizes of 100 s of metres and similar to 15 m, respectively, suggests that a broad spectrum of density fluctuations is found in the auroral zone. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicules Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Milan, SE (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM steve.milan@ion.le.ac.uk RI Yeoman, Timothy/L-9105-2014 OI Yeoman, Timothy/0000-0002-8434-4825 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 11 BP 3451 EP 3455 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 004KN UT WOS:000234751800006 ER PT S AU Garb, HN AF Garb, Howard N. TI Clinical judgment and decision making SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Clinical Psychology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE personality assessment; psychological assessment; psychodiagnosis; behavioral prediction; statistical prediction ID ANTIPSYCHOTIC PRESCRIBING PRACTICES; PERSONALITY-DISORDER DIAGNOSES; SEXUAL OFFENDER RECIDIVISM; PSYCHIATRIC-DIAGNOSIS; TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS; PSYCHOLOGICAL-ASSESSMENT; BEHAVIORAL-DISORDERS; TREATMENT UTILITY; COMMON LANGUAGE; FIELD TRIAL AB When clinical psychologists make judgments, are they likely to be correct or incorrect? The following topics are reviewed: (a) methodological advances in evaluating the validity of descriptions of personality and psychopathology, (b) recent findings on the cognitive processes of clinicians, and (c) the validity of judgments and utility of decisions made by mental health professionals. Results from research on clinical judgment and decision making and their relationship to conflicts within the field of clinical psychology are discussed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Garb, HN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.garb@lackland.af.mil NR 122 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 6 U2 40 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1548-5943 BN 978-0-8243-3901-2 J9 ANNU REV CLIN PSYCHO JI Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 1 BP 67 EP 89 DI 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143810 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 295QA UT WOS:000255487800003 PM 17716082 ER PT J AU England, JD Gronseth, GS Franklin, G Miller, RG Asbury, AK Carter, GT Cohen, JA Fisher, MA Howard, JF Kinsella, LJ Latov, N Lewis, RA Low, PA Sumner, AJ AF England, JD Gronseth, GS Franklin, G Miller, RG Asbury, AK Carter, GT Cohen, JA Fisher, MA Howard, JF Kinsella, LJ Latov, N Lewis, RA Low, PA Sumner, AJ TI Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy: A definition for clinical research. A report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE electrodiagnosis; polyneuropathies; rehabilitation ID NERVE-FIBER DENSITY; ROCHESTER DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA; TYPE-2; TESTS AB The objective of this report was to develop a case definition of "distal symmetrical polyneuropathy" to standardize and facilitate clinical research and epidemiologic studies. A formalized consensus process was employed to reach agreement after a systematic review and classification of evidence from the literature. The literature indicates that symptoms alone have relatively poor diagnostic accuracy in predicting the presence of polyneuropathy: signs are better predictors of polyneuropathy than symptoms', and single abnormalities oil examination are less sensitive than Multiple abnormalities in predicting the presence of polyneuropathy. The combination Of neuropathic symptoms, signs, and electrodiagnostic findings provides the most accurate diagnosis of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. A set of case definitions was rank ordered by likelihood of disease. The highest likelihood of polyneuropathy (useful for clinical trials) occurs with a combination of multiple symptoms, multiple signs, and abnormal electrodiagnostic Studies. A modest likelihood of polyneuropathy (useful for field or epidemiologic Studies) occurs with a combination Of Multiple symptoms and multiple signs when the results of electrodiagnostic studies are not available. A lower likelihood of polyneuropathy occurs when electrodiagnostic studies and signs are discordant. For research purposes, the best approach to defining distal symmetrical polyneuropathy is a set of case definitions rank ordered by estimated likelihood of disease. The inclusion of this formalized case definition in clinical and epidemiologic research studies Will ensure greater consistency of case selection. C1 Deaconess Billings Clin, Billings, MT USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Washington, Occupat Epidemiol & Hlth Outcomes Program, Seattle, WA USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Providence Phys Med Clin, Centralia, WA USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Hines VA Hosp, Hines, IL USA. Forest Pk Hosp, St Louis, MO USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Louisiana State Univ, New Orleans, LA USA. RP England, JD (reprint author), Amer Acad Phys Med & Rehabil, 1 IBM Plz Ste 2500, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. OI Carter, Gregory/0000-0001-7617-4750; Howard, James/0000-0002-7136-8617 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.011 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 887OJ UT WOS:000226315100030 PM 15641009 ER PT J AU Leedle, BP Miller, MD AF Leedle, BP Miller, MD TI Pullout strength of knotless suture anchors SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE suture anchor; bankart; arthroscopy AB Purpose: Suture anchors are used consistently for repairs of soft tissues. especially around the glenohumeral joint. These anchors can be used either arthroscopically or in an open procedure to anatomically restore the labrum and capsular tissues to the glenoid after avulsion injuries (Bankart lesion). The purpose of this study was to analyze the pullout strength of a new knotless suture anchor (Mitek Knotless Suture Anchor; Mitek, Norwood. MA) compared with 2 commercially available suture anchors that require knots to be tied (Mitek Panalok 3.5-mm Anchor and Mitek GII Quick Anchor). Type of Study: Randomized cadaveric study. Methods: Three groups of 10 anchors were tested on 15 fresh-frozen cadaveric glenoids. Two anchors were affixed to the anterior glenoid in subchondral bone, 1 each from 2 groups. In this way, the variance of bone density among groups was minimized. The anchors requiring knots were fixed to the glenoid and tied to a ring using a Duncan knot with 3 half-hitches alternating posts. The Knotless Anchor was looped through the ring and anchored into the glenoid as described by the manufacturer. All constructs were then tested for tensile strength on an Instron machine (Canton, MA) using a crosshead speed of 200 mm/min. Ultimate failure was defined as complete failure of the construct (either suture breakage or anchor pullout). Data were then analyzed for statistical significance using analysis of variance analysis among the 3 groups, and a 2-tailed t test for statistical significance among groups. Results: The average failure under tensile load for the GII, Panalok, and Knotless Anchors were 471.5 N. 432.8 N. and 650.0 N. respectively. Statistical analysis showed a statistical difference between the Knotless Anchor and the GII and Panalok sutures (P =.02). Two-tailed t tests between the Knotless Anchor and the GII or Panalok Anchors were also significant (P =.02 and P =.02. respectively). Observations included a large standard deviation within groups. This is thought to result from the variation in bone density because markedly lower tensile loads were recorded for those anchors that pulled out from the bone before suture failure. Conclusions: The Knotless Suture Anchor is a statistically stronger construct with respect to tensile loads. It appears to be a viable option for any type of soft-tissue repair around the glenoid. Clinical Relevance: Because the knot in suture repair is consistently the weakest point in the construct and because of the difficulty in tying knots arthroscopically, the Knotless Suture Anchor appears to be a stronger and easier method for both arthroscopic and open Bank-an repair. with or without capsular shift. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), UVA Sports Med, McCue Ctr, Emmet St & Massie Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM mdm3p@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.08.011 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 893UX UT WOS:000226746100012 PM 15650671 ER PT S AU Martinez, T Wick, DV Payne, DM Restaino, SR AF Martinez, T Wick, DV Payne, DM Restaino, SR BE Young, CY Gilbreath, GC TI Active optical zoom for laser communication SO Atmospheric Propagation II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation II CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE active optics; adaptive optics; laser communication; deformable mirrors; MEMS; spatial light modulators; liquid crystals; zoom systems ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; LENS AB Changing the field-of-view of a laser communication system in real-time without mechanical motion could significantly improve signal strength and reduce drop out rates. By incorporating active elements into the optical design, we have designed and demonstrated imaging systems that are capable of variable effective focal lengths with no macroscopic moving parts (i.e. active optical zoom). This technique, in which the active optics serve as variable focal-length lenses, could easily be applied to laser communication systems to improve capability. The key to this concept is to create relatively large changes in the field-of-view of the system with very small changes in the focal lengths of individual elements by leveraging the optical power of conventional optical elements surrounding the active optics. By appropriately designing the optical system, these variable focal-length lenses can provide the flexibility necessary to change the overall system focal length, and therefore field-of-view, that is normally accomplished with mechanical motion in conventional zoom systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Martinez, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5778-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5793 BP 144 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.603693 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCR82 UT WOS:000230961700016 ER PT S AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, L BE Gorodetsky, V Liu, J Skormin, VA TI Evolving agents: Communication and cognition SO AUTONOMOUS INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: AGENTS AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Autonomous Intelligent Systems - Agents and Data Mining (AIS-ADM 2005) CY JUN 06-08, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Inst Informat & Automat, Binghamton Univ, Web Intelligence Consortium, EOARD, USAF, USN Off Naval Res Global, USA Res Lab European Res Off, Russian Fdn Basic Res AB Computer programming of complex systems is a time consuming effort. Results are often brittle and inflexible. Evolving, self-learning flexible multi-agent systems remain a distant goal. This paper analyzes difficulties toward developing evolving systems and proposes new solutions. The new solutions are inspired by our knowledge of the human mind. The mind develops language and cognitive abilities jointly. Real-time sensor signals and language signals are integrated seamlessly, before signals are understood, at pre-conceptual level. Learning of conceptual contents of the surrounding world depends on language and vice versa. This ability for integrated communication and cognition is a foundation for evolving systems. The paper describes a mathematical technique for such integration: fuzzy dynamic logic and dual cognitive-language models. We briefly discuss relationships between the proposed mathematical technique, working of the mind, applications to understanding-based search engines and evolving multi-agent systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Leonid.Perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26164-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3505 BP 37 EP 49 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCN64 UT WOS:000230301200003 ER PT S AU Hulett, JN Most, GF AF Hulett, Jamie N. Most, George F. GP IEEE TI Continuing support for aging ate through remanufacturing engineering SO AUTOTESTCON 2005 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2005 Conference CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB The government has a long list of aging weapon systems which are projected to remain in service for many more years. Accordingly, the test equipment used to support those weapon systems must also be maintained for that time period. However, much of this test equipment is rapidly becoming unsupportable. Money is rarely available to fund a complete replacement of the test equipment. Solutions to individual maintenance problems are often neglected until support is in crisis, and then are further delayed by cumbersome budgeting and contracting processes. Robins Air Force Base and Honeywell have attempted to address these types of problems for the long-term support of three distinct Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) stations through the contractual establishment of remanufacturing engineering services. This paper examines the structure and goals of the Honeywell Corporate Contract and its implications for the continuing support of aging ATE. C1 402 SMXG MXDDE, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Hulett, JN (reprint author), 402 SMXG MXDDE, 280 Byron St, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM jamie.hulett@robins.af.mil; george.most@honeywell.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 0-7803-9101-2 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2005 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2005.1609113 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BEM66 UT WOS:000238179600020 ER PT S AU Goff, B AF Goff, Benjamin GP IEEE TI Translating ATLAS 416 to FORTRAN77 using CMMI((R)) processes SO AUTOTESTCON 2005 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2005 Conference CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Due to the increasing costs in software engineering and support of ATE, several processes have emerged to enable software improvement and incorporate an error or defect predicting component into software development. Chief among them is the DOD sponsored CMMI (R) (Capability Maturity Model Integration). ATE development and support is an excellent arena to test new process systems and models because of its diversity and the increasing trend of use ATE support engineers as integrators. During 2004 and 2005 WRALC/MASTF incorporated CMMI (R) into an ATLAS to FORTRAN77 rehost project and had great success. This paper will demonstrate that by using CMMI (R) processes, a customer will receive a superior, repeatable and more reliable software product, as well as superior system support for the future. In addition, training of new personnel are repeatable, thus resulting in more competent, and long-term organization memory. RP Goff, B (reprint author), 402dSMXG-MXDED,420 Richard Rey Rd Suite 100, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM benjamin.goff@robins.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 0-7803-9101-2 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2005 BP 578 EP 582 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BEM66 UT WOS:000238179600090 ER PT J AU Wilson, GF Reis, GA Tripp, LD AF Wilson, GF Reis, GA Tripp, LD TI EEG correlates of G-induced loss of consciousness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE G-LOC; electroencephalogram; eye blinks; performance; rSO2 ID MENTAL WORKLOAD; PERFORMANCE; FLIGHT; STRESS; PILOTS; LOC AB Introduction: Electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) were examined to better understand the mechanisms of G-LOC. Methods: There were 10 subjects (4 women) who provided 35 G-LOC episodes during which 13 channels of EEG and eye activity were recorded. Subjects simultaneously performed tracking and mathematical tasks prior to and following G-LOC. The performance data and cerebral regional oxygen saturation (602), as measured using near infrared spectroscopy, were correlated with the EEG changes. Results: Across all subjects, seven EEG events were identified and measured. The two most significant were found over widespread scalp sites. They were a 1-2 Hz waveform just prior to G-LOC and a very large, approximately 1 Hz waveform just prior to regaining consciousness. These were associated with a drop of rSO(2) levels to approximately 90% of the pre-G-LOC baseline levels. rSO(2) levels returned to pre-G-LOC levels within approximately 15 s following G-LOC while EEG and performance measures took approximately 60 s. Discussion: There were two unique EEG waveforms found, one preceding unconsciousness and the other preceding the return to consciousness during G-LOC episodes. Further, the supply of oxygen to the brain was rapidly restored, within approximately 15 s, while the EEG and performance data showed that approximately 60 s were required for the brain to regain functional integrity. The delay in performance and EEG recovery following G-LOC demonstrates that the recovery of brain activity to support cognitive function requires more than just the restoration of normal oxygen levels. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Dayton, OH USA. Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Wilson, GF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glenn.wilson@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 886IC UT WOS:000226219300003 PM 15672982 ER PT S AU Wilson, GF AF Wilson, GF BE Caldwell, JA Wesensten, NJ TI Operator functional state assessment for adaptive automation implementation SO Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomonitoring for Physiological and Cognitive Performance during Military Operations CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida AB Mission success in military operations depends upon optimal functioning of all system components, including the human operator. The cognitive demands of current systems can exceed the capabilities of the human operator. In some situations, such as Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) operations, one operator may be required to supervise several vehicles simultaneously. The functional state of the human operator is not currently considered in the overall system assessment. It has been assumed that the operator could "manage" any situation given a well designed system. However, with the requirement to monitor and remotely monitor several vehicles simultaneously during combat comes the possibility of cognitive overload. This increases the probability of committing errors. We have developed on-line measures of operator functional state using psychophysiological measures. These measures provide estimates of how well an operator can deal with the current task demands. When the operator is cognitively overloaded the system may be able to implement adaptive aiding procedures. This will reduce the task demands on the operator thereby improving mission success. We have demonstrated correct assessment of the functional state of the operator with accuracies of 95% or better. Psychophysiological measures were used with classifiers such as artificial neural networks. In one study, adaptive aiding was applied when the classifier determined operator overload. The aiding resulted in significantly improved performance. C1 AFRL, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, GF (reprint author), AFRL, HECP, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5782-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5797 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1117/12.601806 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physiology GA BCR90 UT WOS:000230979900012 ER PT J AU Sturm, M Schimel, J Michaelson, G Welker, JM Oberbauer, SF Liston, GE Fahnestock, J Romanovsky, VE AF Sturm, M Schimel, J Michaelson, G Welker, JM Oberbauer, SF Liston, GE Fahnestock, J Romanovsky, VE TI Winter biological processes could help convert arctic tundra to shrubland SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tundra; shrubs; snow; microbes; climate change ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; SNOW-DEPTH; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MESIC GRASSLAND; AIR-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-LATITUDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; COLD SEASON AB In arctic Alaska, air temperatures have warmed 0.5 degrees Celsius (degreesC) per decade for the past 30 years, winter. Over the same period, shrub abundance has increased, perhaps a harbinger of a conversion of tundra to shrubland. Evidence suggests that winter biological processes are contributing to this conversion through a positive feedback that involves the snow-holding capacity of shrubs, the insulating properties of snow, a soil layer that has a high water content because it overlies nearly impermeable permafrost, and hardy microbes that can maintain metabolic activity at temperatures of -6degreesC or lower. Increasing shrub abundance leads to deeper snow, which promotes higher winter soil temperatures, greater microbial activity and more plant-available nitrogen. High levels of soil nitrogen favor shrub growth the follow- summer. With climate models predicting continued warming, large areas of tundra could become converted to shrubland, with winter processes like those described here possibly playing a critical role. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USAF, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Northwind Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM mstrum@cmel.usace.army.mil RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013 NR 66 TC 328 Z9 343 U1 13 U2 139 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0017:WBPCHC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 887ZC UT WOS:000226343000009 ER PT J AU Petro, JB Carus, WS AF Petro, JB Carus, WS TI Biological threat characterization research: A critical component of national biodefense SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Biological warfare (BW) threat assessments identify and prioritize BW threats to civilian and military populations. In an ideal world, they provide policymakers with clear and compelling guidance to prioritize biodefense research, development, testing, evaluation, and acquisition of countermeasures. Unfortunately, the biodefense community does not exist in an ideal world. National security professionals responsible for crafting BW threat assessments often are challenged by factors that limit the clarity and/or timeliness of those assessments. Moreover, the potential for life science advances to enhance threats enabled by state programs and the possibility that non-state actors may pursue crude but effective BW methodologies will drastically expand the scope of the perceived threat. Appropriate investment of federal biodefense funds will require some mechanism for validating and prioritizing present and future threats. Ideally, such a mechanism will incorporate empirical data targeted to elucidate actual hazards. In this regard, the Department of Homeland Security's creation of a Biological Threat Characterization Program for the technical validation of threat agents will be a valuable addition to the nation's overall biodefense strategy. This article articulates the need for a coordinated national biological threat characterization program, discusses some of the principal challenges associated with such research, and suggests a few options for their resolution. C1 Bolling AFB, Joint Military Intelligence Coll, Washington, DC USA. Natl Def Univ, Ctr Study Weapons Mass Destruct, Washington, DC 20319 USA. RP Petro, JB (reprint author), Bolling AFB, Joint Military Intelligence Coll, Washington, DC USA. EM jbpetro@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 4 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1089/bsp.2005.3.295 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 995HM UT WOS:000234091400007 PM 16366839 ER PT S AU Kiel, JL Holwitt, EA Parker, JE Vivkananda, J Franz, V Sloan, MA Miziolek, AW DeLucia, FC Munson, CA Mattley, YD AF Kiel, JL Holwitt, EA Parker, JE Vivkananda, J Franz, V Sloan, MA Miziolek, AW DeLucia, FC Munson, CA Mattley, YD BE Gardner, PJ TI Specific biological agent Taggants SO Chemical and Biological Sensing VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing VI CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE aptamers; anthrax; Bacillus thuringiensis; laser induced breakdown spectroscopy; rare earths; DCEs; diazoluminomelanin ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY AB The preliminary data presented here suggests that direct coating of biological agent with DNA capture elements and organic semiconductor (DALM) with chelated rare earths such as scandium, europium or neodymium can be used to track the agent, even when the biological components have been subsequently destroyed. The use of these three taggant components in conjunction with each other affords the opportunity to determine the presence of the biological agent by several methods---laser induced plasma spectroscopy, thermochemiluminescence, mass spectroscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR; if the primers are left on the DCEs or the agentis own DNA is used as the source of the amplicon). The specific DCE-labeling or PCR allows for confirmation of physical measurement results as specific to the agent. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI Munson, Chase/H-1667-2012 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5780-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5795 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.597640 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCS51 UT WOS:000231049800005 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC AF Luckarift, HR Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC TI Continuous synthesis of aminophenols from nitroaromatic compounds by combination of metal and biocatalyst SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; HYDROXYLAMINOBENZENE MUTASE; NITROBENZENE; SILICA; ENZYME AB The combined action of immobilized hydroxylaminobenzene mutase and zinc in a flow-through system catalyzes the conversion of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding ortho-aminophenols, including a novel analog of chloramphenicol. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jim.spain@tyndall.af.mil NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 3 BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.1039/b413519a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 890OK UT WOS:000226520500026 PM 15645045 ER PT J AU Schroer, T Haiges, R Schneider, S Christe, KO AF Schroer, T Haiges, R Schneider, S Christe, KO TI The race for the first generation of the pentazolate anion in solution is far from over SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CYCLO-N-5(-); STABILITY; SYSTEMS; N-5(+) AB The previous claim for the first generation of the pentazolate anion in solution was carefully reexamined; no evidence for the formation of cyclo-N-5(-) was found under the reported conditions. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Schroer, T (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM schroer@usc.edu; kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 11 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 12 BP 1607 EP 1609 DI 10.1039/b417010e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 906PA UT WOS:000227653000033 PM 15770275 ER PT J AU Rozenzhak, SM Kadakia, MP Caserta, TM Westbrook, TR Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Rozenzhak, SM Kadakia, MP Caserta, TM Westbrook, TR Stone, MO Naik, RR TI Cellular internalization and targeting of semiconductor quantum dots SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DELIVERY; CARRIER AB Peptide-mediated internalization and organelle targeting of quantum dots. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genome Res, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Rozenzhak, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil RI Delehanty, James/F-7454-2012 NR 14 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 17 BP 2217 EP 2219 DI 10.1039/b418454h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 920VO UT WOS:000228718800006 PM 15856101 ER PT J AU Smith, MJ Clegg, W Nguyen, KA Rogers, JE Pachter, R Paul, AFC Anderson, HL AF Smith, MJ Clegg, W Nguyen, KA Rogers, JE Pachter, R Paul, AFC Anderson, HL TI Synthesis and crystal structure of a push-pull quinoidal porphyrin: a nanoporous framework assembled from cyclic trimer aggregates SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; APPROXIMATION; CHROMOPHORES; DIMERS AB A quinoidal porphyrin has been synthesised with such a curved π system that π-π stacking leads to the formation of cyclic trimer aggregates in the crystal, which pack to generate cylindrical channels with an internal diameter of 1.0 nm. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CCLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPJ, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, HL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. EM harry.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Clegg, William/B-2491-2010; Anderson, Harry/E-7843-2011; OI Anderson, Harry/0000-0002-1801-8132; Clegg, William/0000-0003-1643-5298 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 19 BP 2433 EP 2435 DI 10.1039/b502776d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 925EW UT WOS:000229035300002 PM 15886761 ER PT S AU Kim, OK Huang, Z Peterman, E Kirkpatrick, S Sung, CSP AF Kim, OK Huang, Z Peterman, E Kirkpatrick, S Sung, CSP BE Jenekhe, SA Kiserow, DJ TI Novel two-photon absorbing conjugated oligomeric chromophores: Property modulation by pi-center SO CHROMOGENIC PHENOMENA IN POLYMERS: TUNABLE OPTICAL PROPERTIES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chromogenic Phenomena in Polymers CY APR 07-12, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP ACS Div Polymer Chem ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; DITHIENOTHIOPHENE; FLUORESCENCE; DERIVATIVES; THIOPHENES; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB A series of donor/donor (D/D), donor/acceptor (D/A) and acceptor/acceptor (A/A) pair conjugated chromophores based on a rigid conjugated linker (pi-center) were synthesized (D-pi-D, D-pi-A and A-pi-A) and two-photon absorption properties with a particular emphasis on the role of pi-centers were studied. Optical and electrochemical properties of the chromophores were also investigated and correlated to two-photon absorption properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3830-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 888 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BBI63 UT WOS:000225634600012 ER PT B AU Pedersen, TR Carrano, C Griffin, J AF Pedersen, Todd R. Carrano, Charles Griffin, James BE Chu, HW Aguilar, J StAmand, J Galkin, I Chatzimisios, P TI Automated feature recognition, tracking, and quality control in ground-based images of the upper atmosphere SO CITSA/ISAS 2005: 2nd International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies Systems and Applications: 11th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications/11th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 14-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE all-sky imaging; airglow; optical motion determination; star detection; auto-correlation; cross-correlation ID OPTICAL-FLOW AB Optical imaging is a valuable means of observing upper atmospheric structures, but tropospheric cloud cover and lack of automated means of data analysis present significant barriers to operational use of data from ground-based optical instruments. We have developed several concepts for identification and tracking of equatorial plasma depletions in all-sky imager data under realistic conditions including significant cloud cover. The most successful algorithm relies on identification of depletions by their motion, and allows multiple frames of image data to be processed coherently along a preferred axis in a 3-D spatio-temporal data structure corresponding to the depletion motion. This greatly reduces cloud effects up to 50% cloud cover. When applied to the background star field, our correlation-based technique collapses a random star pattern into a single easily identifiable peak in a correlation distribution. The displacement of this star peak in a cross correlation provides a robust means to automatically distinguish between true stars and hot pixels or noise, and allows rapid automatic identification of image regions affected by clouds without the need to identify, locate, or track any specific stars. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Pedersen, TR (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-42-0 PY 2005 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BFQ02 UT WOS:000243687700011 ER PT J AU McGlasson, D Shaklee, P Fanella, T AF McGlasson, D Shaklee, P Fanella, T TI A multi-instrument evaluation of a chromogenic Factor X Assay for monitoring oral anticoagulation therapy SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 59th Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX USA. BioCascade Inc, Arlington, WI USA. DiaPharma Grp Inc, W Chester, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A167 EP A167 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500543 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Storrow, AB AF Schwertner, HA Storrow, AB TI Quality of pharmaceuticals purchased in Mexico SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Emergency Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A139 EP A139 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500449 ER PT J AU Countryman, J AF Countryman, Jacqueline BE Klykylo, WM Kay, JL TI Substance Use in Adolescents SO CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHIATRY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CONDUCT DISORDER; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; DRUG-ABUSE; MDMA ECSTASY; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; COMORBIDITY; DEPENDENCE; FAMILY RP Countryman, J (reprint author), 74th MDOS SGOHC,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47002-211-5 PY 2005 BP 263 EP 274 D2 10.1002/0470022116 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA BYG00 UT WOS:000298538100015 ER PT B AU Feeney, DJ AF Feeney, Daniel J. BE Klykylo, WM Kay, JL TI Elimination Disorders: Enuresis and Encopresis SO CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHIATRY, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRIMARY NOCTURNAL ENURESIS; DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE; CHILDHOOD ENCOPRESIS; CONSTIPATION; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY C1 WHMC, Pediat Psychiat Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Feeney, DJ (reprint author), WHMC, Pediat Psychiat Serv, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47002-211-5 PY 2005 BP 327 EP 341 D2 10.1002/0470022116 PG 15 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA BYG00 UT WOS:000298538100019 ER PT J AU Garb, HN Wood, JM Lilienfeld, SO Nezworski, MT AF Garb, HN Wood, JM Lilienfeld, SO Nezworski, MT TI Roots of the Rorschach controversy SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE assessment; methodology; judgment; Rorschach ID COMPREHENSIVE-SYSTEM; PSYCHOLOGICAL-ASSESSMENT; DAUBERT/KUMHO ANALYSES; INCREMENTAL VALIDITY; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; INCREASED RATES; INKBLOT TEST; SCIENCE; TESTIMONY; NORMS AB The controversy surrounding the Rorschach is updated, and an analysis of its dynamics is offered. Results on normative data and validity are reviewed, followed by a summary of, and rebuttal to, arguments made by Rorschach advocates. We argue that the current controversy can be traced, at least in part, to two unwarranted beliefs. First is the belief that informal impressions and popularity provide dependable evidence for evaluating validity. Second is the belief that Rorschach scores with low individual validity are likely to yield much higher levels of validity if they are interpreted in combination with each other, or with other sources of information, by experts. After presenting historical background information, we show how several arguments made recently in defense of the test reflect these two beliefs, even though they are contradicted by research findings. We conclude that a variety of other divisive conflicts in clinical psychology are related to the inappropriate weight placed on informal and unsystematic impressions relative to systematic research. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Psychol Res Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Texas, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Garb, HN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Psychol Res Serv, 59 MDOS-MMCPR,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.garb@lackland.af.mil NR 118 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 13 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0272-7358 J9 CLIN PSYCHOL REV JI Clin. Psychol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 97 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.09.002 PG 22 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 887JH UT WOS:000226301400005 PM 15596082 ER PT S AU Hopper, DG AF Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Bradford, CE Girolamo, HJ TI Creation and transition of digital light processing technology to defense applications SO Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE projection displays; micro-electrical-mechanical devices (MEMS); digital micromirror device (DMD); optics; Digital Light Processing (DLP); conference room projectors; electronic cinema; digital television (DTV); avionics; military ID POLYPLANAR OPTIC DISPLAY; SCENE PROJECTOR; DEVICE AB A key challenge to defense science and technology programs is the identification of areas ripe for focused government investment so as to make impossible things possible on an accelerated schedule. The creation, transfer to commercial products, and transition to operational military systems of the Texas Instruments (TI) digital micro mirror device (DMD) projection display technology from 1987-2005 is a case study in how DoD seeks invest in S&T for warfighting advantage while renewing the civil economy and enabling domestic production of key electronic components. The DoD investment in DMD reduced the risk enough to merit TI productization and resulted in the first VGA single ship color wheel prototype in 1992 (introduced as first commercial product in 1996) and in the first 2.36 Mpx 3-chip color demonstration system in 1995 (a resolution that is only now being introduced as a mass production product). The 1995 demonstrator was the world's first 100 % digital display system. The tenth anniversary of this 2005 achievement presents an appropriate occasion to review and document the success of this prior Air Force and DARPA investment as measured by the subsequent adoption in a wide range of civil and, especially, defense applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hopper, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248 Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5786-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.597664 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCT29 UT WOS:000231114800013 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG AF Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Bradford, CE Girolamo, HJ TI Military display market segment: avionics SO Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit and Future Displays for Defense and Security CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE displays; avionics; military; market; performance parameters; cockpit; cabin; fielded and developmental systems AB The military display market is analyzed in terms of one of its segments: avionics. Requirements are summarized for 13 technology-driving parameters for direct-view and virtual-view displays in cockpits and cabins. Technical specifications are discussed for selected programs. Avionics stresses available technology and usually requires custom display designs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248 Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5786-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1117/12.597659 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCT29 UT WOS:000231114800018 ER PT J AU Sarantakes, NE AF Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan TI The CIA, the British Left and the Cold War: Calling the Tune? SO COLD WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan] US Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Sarantakes, NE (reprint author), US Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1468-2745 J9 COLD WAR HIST JI Cold War Hist. PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC History SC History GA V17OQ UT WOS:000207946900007 ER PT J AU Madero-Craven, M Herzinger, K AF Madero-Craven, M Herzinger, K TI Apery sets of numerical semigroups SO COMMUNICATIONS IN ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE Apery set; numerical semigroup AB Let S be a numerical semigroup. We examine a particular subset of the Apery set of S and establish a correspondence between this subset and the holes of S. This correspondence allows us to establish conditions for S to he almost symmetric. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Herzinger, K (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, 2354 Farichild Dr,Suite 60124, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kurt.herzinger@usafa.af.mil NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0092-7872 J9 COMMUN ALGEBRA JI Commun. Algebr. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 10 BP 3831 EP 3838 DI 10.1080/00927870500242942 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 980QX UT WOS:000233034400033 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, D Kim, R AF Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, D Kim, R TI Theoretical and experimental investigation of stress redistribution in open hole composite laminates due to damage accumulation SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Deformation and Fracture of Composites (DEF-7) CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL Univ Sheffild, Sheffield, ENGLAND HO Univ Sheffild DE laminates; strength; numerical analysis; Moire interferometry ID GROWTH; JOINTS AB Two methods were examined for the prediction of stress redistribution due to subcritical damage accumulation near open holes in composite laminates. A finite element analysis in conjunction with the method of material property degradation was performed to assess the accuracy of the fiber direction stress redistribution prediction due to formation of longitudinal splitting. A simple case of a unidirectional composite with an open hole was considered. The method was unable to accurately predict the fiber stress relaxation due to longitudinal splitting, which in the case of laminates with holes is of paramount importance for the accurate prediction of ultimate strength. Three-dimensional ply level modeling of discrete damage near an open hole in a quasi-isotropic composite laminate was subsequently considered. Normally the mesh configuration is dictated by the boundaries of the specimen, such as the presence of a hole, creating formidable difficulties to modeling matrix cracking, which is aligned with the fiber direction in a given ply. A mesh independent displacement discontinuity modeling method based on higher order shape functions was constructed for this purpose. The surface of the displacement jump associated with matrix cracking was defined in terms of the domain Heaviside function approximated by using higher order polynomial B-splines. Moire interferometry was used to determine the strain and displacement fields in the surface layers of a quasi-isotropic composite, previously prestressed beyond the damage initiation load. Good correlation between the experimental data and the stress redistribution predicted by the mesh independent damage modeling technique was observed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM endel.iarve@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.06.011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 887TX UT WOS:000226329500007 ER PT J AU Bechel, VT Camping, JD Kim, RY AF Bechel, VT Camping, JD Kim, RY TI Cryogenic/elevated temperature cycling induced leakage paths in PMCs SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites; environmental degradation; transverse cracking; residual stress; cryogenic cycling ID MATRIX CRACKING; COMPOSITE; PLY AB Three structural carbon/polymer composites (IM7/977-2, IM7/977-3, and IM7/5250-4) were thermally cycled between liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperature and an elevated temperature of 120 or 177 degreesC. The extent of ply-level micro-cracks was measured as a function of cycles up to 1000 cycles as one indicator of suitability for cryogenic containment applications. The choice of material systems, lay-ups, and thermal cycles allowed the study of the effects of the thermal cycle profile, mode I toughness, and cure temperature on the damage accumulation. The addition of a hold period at elevated temperature led to micro-crack initiation after fewer cycles and increased the micro-crack density in all plies for all of the material systems. The consequences of adding the hold period at elevated temperature to the thermal cycle were particularly severe for IM7/977-2. The IM7/977-2 samples were nearly micro-crack free after thermally cycling between room temperature and LN2 temperature, but had up to 64 times greater micro-crack density in some plies after being subject to cycling between elevated temperature and LN2 temperature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBCM, 2941 P St,Rm136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vemon.bechel@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.03.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 879YO UT WOS:000225755500008 ER PT J AU Uchida, T Dang, T Min, BG Zhang, XF Kumar, S AF Uchida, T Dang, T Min, BG Zhang, XF Kumar, S TI Processing, structure, and properties of carbon nano fiber filled PBZT composite fiber SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE carbon nano fiber ID THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; POLYMER-MATRIX; BEHAVIOR AB The poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT)/carbon nano fiber (CNF) composite was prepared by in situ polymerization in polyphosphoric acid (PPA), and fibers spun by dry-jet wet spinning. The liquid crystalline PBZT/CNF dope in PPA exhibited excellent spinnability. The PBZT/CNF weight ratio was 90/10. The transmission electron microscope images show isolated and well oriented CNFs with no aggregation. CNF graphite layer stacking in the composite fiber have been observed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and showed that graphitic structure of CNFs was not damaged during polymerization in PPA and subsequent fiber spinning and drawing. High resolution transmission electron microscopy also shows that there is no debonding between CNF and the PBZT matrix. Tensile and compressive properties of the composite fibers have been determined and discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Okayama Univ, Fac Engn, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Kumoh Inst Technol, Sch Adv Mat & Syst Engn, Kumi 730731, South Korea. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM satish.kumar@ptfe.gatech.edu RI Uchida, Tetsuya/B-2114-2011; Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.compsitesb.2004.04.015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 928UX UT WOS:000229298300001 ER PT J AU Li, K Gao, XL Roy, AK AF Li, K Gao, XL Roy, AK TI Micromechanical modeling of three-dimensional open-cell foams using the matrix method for spatial frames SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE foams; microstructure; elastic properties ID WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES; MODULUS AB A micromechanics model for three-dimensional (3D) open-cell foams is developed by using the matrix method for spatial frames and tetrakaidecahedral unit cells. The effective elastic properties of foams are determined utilizing unit cells subjected to loadings of three different modes. The newly obtained member stiffness submatrices for a 3D frame member undergoing simultaneous axial, transverse shearing, flexural and torsional deformations and having a circular or non-circular cross-section are employed. The use of these stiffness submatrices enables the incorporation of all four deformation mechanisms (i.e., stretching, shearing, bending and twisting) possible under the specified loadings and the treatment of four different strut cross-section shapes (i.e., circle, square, equilateral triangle and Plateau border) in a unified manner. The formulas for determining the effective Young ' s moduli, Poisson ' s ratios and shear moduli of open-cell foams are derived using the composite homogenization theory. The new formulas, in which the cell displacements are obtained employing the matrix method, include all necessary microstructural and material parameters, unlike those provided by existing models. It is shown that the foam elastic properties depend on the relative foam density, the shape and size of the strut cross-section, and the Young ' s modulus and Poisson ' s ratio of the strut material. By applying the new model, a parametric study of sample cases involving the three loading modes and the four strut cross-section shapes is conducted for carbon foams, whose modeling motivated this work. The predicted values of the effective properties agree favorably with those based on existing models and experimental data for the Mode I loading case, which is the only case that has been well studied. For the Mode II and Mode III loading cases, the formulas and the subsequent sample results are presented in a systematic manner for the first time. Comparisons of the predicted effective elastic properties for the three loading cases quantitatively show that carbon foams exhibit certain degrees of anisotropy. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 3123 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM xlgao@tamu.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.09.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 928UX UT WOS:000229298300007 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Roy, A AF Buryachenko, VA Roy, A TI Effective elastic moduli of nanocomposites with prescribed random orientation of nanofibers SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composties; elasticity; microstructure; micro-mechanics ID REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES; MORI-TANAKA THEORY; CARBON NANOTUBES; MATRIX; APPROXIMATION; INCLUSIONS; WAVINESS; STRESS; BOUNDS AB Nanocomposite is modeled as a linearly elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous random field of homogeneous prolate spheroidal nanofibers with prescribed random orientation. Estimation of effective elastic moduli of nanocomposites was performed by the version of effective field method (see for references Buryachenko VA. Multiparticle effective field and related methods in micromechanics of composite materials. Appl Mech Rev 2001;54:1-47) developed in the framework of quasi-crystalline approximation when the spatial correlations of inclusion location take particular ellipsoidal forms. The independent justified choice of shapes of inclusions and correlation holes provide the formulae of effective moduli which are symmetric, completely explicit and easily to use. The parametric numerical analyses revealed the most sensitive parameters influencing the effective moduli which are defined by the axial elastic moduli of nanofibers rather than their transversal moduli as well as by the justified choice of correlation holes, concentration and prescribed random orientation of nanofibers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM buryach@aol.com NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 5 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.01.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 925OY UT WOS:000229063600005 ER PT J AU Fleming, JL Wood, AW Wood, WD AF Fleming, JL Wood, AW Wood, WD TI A locally corrected Nystrom method for EM scattering with a Fourier mode expansion SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Mathematics of Finite Elements and Applications (MAFELAP 2003) CY JUN 21-24, 2003 CL Brunel Univ, Uxbridge, ENGLAND HO Brunel Univ DE Nystrom method; integral equations; body of revolution; convergence; electromagnetic scattering ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; REVOLUTION; BODIES AB Computation of corrected weights in the locally corrected Nystrom method is a time consuming procedure. Since the method exhibits high-order convergence properties, the expense of computing the corrected weights is worthwhile when many computations will be performed on a fixed geometry. Such situations occur when solutions are computed over a range of frequencies and when a series of mode solutions in a series expansion are needed. Here an explanation is given as to how corrected weights can be computed once and then reused over a range of frequencies and mode numbers for any fixed body of revolution (BOR) geometry. The corrected weights need not be recomputed but only adjusted by multiplication. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Sch Biophys Sci & Elect Engn, Hawthorn Campus, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. EM aihua.wood@afit.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2005 VL 194 IS 2-5 SI SI BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.05.024 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 881UA UT WOS:000225893700033 ER PT S AU Butts, JW Mills, RF Baldwin, RO AF Butts, JW Mills, RF Baldwin, RO BE Gorodetsky, V Kotenko, I Skormin, V TI Developing an insider threat model using functional decomposition SO COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Mathematical Methods, Models, and Architectures for Computer Network Security CY SEP 25-27, 2005 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, US Off Naval Res Global, USA Res Lab, European Res Off AB Addressing the insider threat using a systematic and formulated methodology is an inherently difficult process. This is because the problem is typically viewed in an abstract manner and a sufficient method for defining a way to categorically represent the threat has not been developed. The solution requires a security model that clearly identifies a process for classifying malicious insider activities. To be effective the model must compartmentalize the threat and attack it consistently. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for accurately defining the malicious insider and describe a process for addressing the threat in a systematic manner. Our model presents a definable taxonomy of the malicious insider and demonstrates a method for decomposing the abstract threat into a solvable and analyzable process. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.butts@afit.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29113-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3685 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDI14 UT WOS:000233596000032 ER PT S AU Merrill, JM AF Merrill, JM GP IEEE TI Application of OIM to studies of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIRST IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2005 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JAN 03-07, 2005 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE AB Previous work by the author has shown the feasibility of Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) in the microstructural study of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin-films (CIGS). OIM is an automated electron backscatter diffraction technique which is nondestructive and can be used to quickly and easily determine the grain size and structure of a material. The current work compares grain size measurements made with transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) as compared to Misorientation data for a polycrystalline CIGS sample is also demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-8707-4 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2005 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488170 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCM81 UT WOS:000230047400113 ER PT S AU Senft, DC AF Senft, DC GP IEEE TI Opportunities in photovoltaics for space power generation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIRST IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2005 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JAN 03-07, 2005 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE ID SOLAR-CELLS; CONVERSION AB Photovoltaics provide virtually all power generation for space systems, and the majority of these, in recent years, are multijunction solar cells comprised of Ill-V materials. Multijunction solar cells are designed for optimal efficiency under the space AM0 (Air Mass Zero) solar spectrum and to operate with high reliability under hostile environmental conditions. State of practice crystalline multijunction solar cells are primarily triple junction (GalnP(2)/GaAs/Ge) grown on Ge single crystal wafers. Development efforts are focused on increasing the efficiency of these cells beyond 30%. For next-generation spacecraft, space compatible thin-film solar cells are being developed. Nanotechnology and novel materials hold promise for extending cell performance beyond these technologies. Opportunities for space-qualified solar cells extend from commercial and government satellites, where power demands continue to grow, to power generation systems on the high altitude airships being developed in several nations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-8707-4 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2005 BP 536 EP 541 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488187 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCM81 UT WOS:000230047400130 ER PT S AU Hausgen, PE Granata, JE Tlomak, P Jones, J Enger, S Zuckermandel, B AF Hausgen, PE Granata, JE Tlomak, P Jones, J Enger, S Zuckermandel, B GP IEEE TI AFRL thin-film photovoltaics DSX and roadrunner flight experiments SO Conference Record of the Thirty-First IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2005 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JAN 03-07, 2005 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE AB Thin-film solar cells offer great promise for increasing the capability of future spacecraft. While their efficiencies are low compared to state of the art crystalline solar cells, they have unique attributes that make them very attractive for space use. These attributes include flexibility, low mass, and low cost production. The attractive attributes of thin-film solar cells will go untapped until space environmental effects on them are well understood. Therefore, on-orbit testing of thin-film solar cells, coupled with ground testing, is needed to provide the data to determine space environmental effects. In response to the need to perform on-orbit testing of thin-film solar cells, the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is preparing two flight experiments. The first will be on the AFRL Roadrunner Mission (Experimental Solar Array) and the second will be on the AFRL Deployable Structures Experiment (Thin-Film Photovoltaics Experiment). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hausgen, PE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-8707-4 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2005 BP 614 EP 617 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488206 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCM81 UT WOS:000230047400149 ER PT S AU Jones, JE Granata, JE Hausgen, PE Yoo, HH AF Jones, JE Granata, JE Hausgen, PE Yoo, HH GP IEEE TI Humidity and thermal cycling effects on thin film solar cells SO Conference Record of the Thirty-First IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2005 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JAN 03-07, 2005 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE AB Extensive environmental testing is necessary to assess the ability of thin-film solar cells to survive launch and space operational conditions. Such testing is vital prior to the use of thin-film solar cells in space and the realization of their beneficial attributes. Included in these environmental analyses are the effects of humidity and thermal cycling. For humidity testing, this paper will present results from ground testing for environmental effects on amorphous-Si (a-Si) from one manufacturer, both bare and with coatings. For thermal cycling, the test cell will be bare. The test parameters and configurations will be tailored to support the upcoming AFRL Thin Film Solar Cell Experiment upon flight of the Deployable Structures Experiment (DSX). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jones, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-8707-4 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2005 BP 798 EP 801 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2005.1488253 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCM81 UT WOS:000230047400196 ER PT S AU Finke, J Passino, KM Ganapathy, S Sparks, A AF Finke, J Passino, KM Ganapathy, S Sparks, A BE Kumar, V Leonard, N Morse, AS TI Modeling and analysis of cooperative control systems for uninhabited autonomous vehicles SO COOPERATIVE CONTROL SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Cooperative Control CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL Block Isl, RI SP Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res, Def Adv Projects Res Agcy, Princeton Univ Sch Enen & Appl Sci, Univ Penn Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Yale Univ Fac Enen AB A mathematical model is developed for the study of cooperative control problems for multiple uninhabited autonomous vehicles (UAVs). This model includes a representation for the vehicles, environment, and communication network. Then, we introduce a simple integer programming (IP) approach that allows the UAVs to cooperatively decide where to go, and compare it with a strategy with no cooperation between vehicles. The main contribution here is the model, its representation of the many challenges presented in cooperative control, and the analysis methodology, where there is a focus on verification of closed-loop system properties and identification of principles and design trade-offs. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM k.passino@su.edu; Andrew.Sparks@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-22861-6 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2005 VL 309 BP 79 EP 102 PG 24 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BBF93 UT WOS:000225294000005 ER PT S AU Kahler, SW Aurass, H Mann, G Klassen, A AF Kahler, SW Aurass, H Mann, G Klassen, A BE Dere, K Wang, J Yan, Y TI The production of near-relativistic electrons by CME-Driven shocks SO CORONAL AND STELLAR MASS EJECTIONS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 226th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY SEP 13-17, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Astron Union, Div II, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observat, Local Org Comm, Int Astron Union, Minist Sci & Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, SOHO Project, SOHO/LASCO Project DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission; Sun : radio radiation; shock waves ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; III RADIO-BURSTS; SOLAR ELECTRONS; EVENTS; ORIGIN; ACCELERATION; INJECTION AB The solar sources of near-relativistic (E > 30 keV) electron events observed at I AU are poorly understood. In general, the solar injection times deduced from the observed I AU onset times and assumed 1.2 AU travel distances yield injection times about 10 minutes after the associated flare impulsive phases and type III radio burst times. One interpretation is that the apparent delays occur in the interplanetary medium, probably due to scattering of the electrons. If the injection times are delayed from the impulsive phases, the electron acceleration might take place in CME-driven shocks. Here a large number of electron events observed with the UC/Berkeley 3DP detector on the Wind spacecraft are compared with CMEs observed by the Lasco coronagraph on SOHO and with type 11 bursts observed by the 40 to 800 MHz radio receiver at the Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam (AIP) and by the 20 kHz to 14 MHz WAVES instrument on the Wind spacecraft. The acceleration of at least some of the electron events is not consistent with the shock hypothesis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 0-521-85197-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2005 IS 226 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1017/S1743921305000839 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDF01 UT WOS:000233166700077 ER PT B AU Flake, B Razani, A AF Flake, B Razani, A BE Ross, RG TI Phase shift and compressible fluid dynamics in inertance tubes SO Cryocoolers 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Lockheed Martin ID FLOW AB The phase shift between pressure and mass flow predicted by an analytic solution for incompressible oscillatory flow in an infinite tube is presented and compared with numerical solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for an inertance tube computed by a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Compressible flow equations are also solved by the CFD program and the resulting phase shifts and temperature profiles are reported. A parametric study of the dependence of inertance tube phase shift upon diameter, frequency and length is presented. A turbulence model is included in some runs to evaluate the effect of turbulence on computed phase shift. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flake, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23901-4 PY 2005 BP 275 EP 284 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BBY33 UT WOS:000228319300038 ER PT B AU Razani, A Dodson, C Abhyankar, NS Flake, B AF Razani, A Dodson, C Abhyankar, NS Flake, B BE Ross, RG TI A model for energy and exergy flow in an orifice pulse tube refrigerator SO Cryocoolers 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Lockheed Martin AB Rational bases for performance evaluation of cryocoolers are second law and exergy analyses. In this study, a model is proposed for the calculation of energy and exergy flow in an Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerator (OPTR). Using a needle valve, it can be shown that the mass flow rate in the hot side of the OPTR, in general, can be written as a Fourier series expansion. Using the conservation of energy and the balance of exergy for the valve, a general formula for the timed-average irreversibility of the valve is obtained in which the usual, small amplitude approximation is removed. A numerical model is developed to investigate the effect of important system parameters on energy and exergy flow in the pulse tube components. Using the exergy balance on each component, the irreversibility of each component is determined. The goal of this study is to find the effect of important system parameters on the timed-average irreversibility of the distribution of components in the OPTR. It is shown that the regenerator contributes the most to the system irreversibility in a well-designed OPTR. Using the recent empirical relations for pressure drop and a simple model for thermal analysis in the regenerator, the exergy flow and irreversibility of different processes in the regenerator are determined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razani, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23901-4 PY 2005 BP 353 EP 362 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BBY33 UT WOS:000228319300046 ER PT B AU Roberts, TP Desai, PV AF Roberts, TP Desai, PV BE Ross, RG TI Regenerator flows modeled using the method of characteristics SO Cryocoolers 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Lockheed Martin AB A hyperbolic system of partial differential equations based on the volume averaged Navier Stokes system is discretized and used to portray the fluid and matrix interactions during oscillating regenerator flows. This system is solved using the Method of Characteristics for axial flow and time for the fluid phase while the matrix energy balance is solved using a discretized Fourier conduction equation axially and in time. Solution of the fluid phase is simplified by integration of the microscale diffusive flow friction and dissipative energy balance effects using volume averaging principles. The solution then uses a solution grid which is of the same order size as the volume averaging integration volumes. Correlations between previously obtained empirical regenerator performance data and these solution results indicate that this modeling approach appropriately describes the macroscopic performance character of a real regenerator. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roberts, TP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23901-4 PY 2005 BP 445 EP 453 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BBY33 UT WOS:000228319300057 ER PT B AU Davis, T Abhyankar, N AF Davis, T Abhyankar, N BE Ross, RG TI Long life cryocoolers for space applications - A database update SO Cryocoolers 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Lockheed Martin AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) sponsored creation of a database on the performance and maturity of space cryocoolers in the prototype, flight qualified, and flight categories. The database was originally developed by The Aerospace Corporation a few years ago and was presented to the community in printed as well as in electronics format. With the help of industry partners such as Ball Aerospace, Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Lockheed, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and others, the database has been updated with more current information. The additional information on the coolers, along with the interactive form and search feature, are presented in the paper. The data are supported with graphics indicating the changes in the performance trends. AFRL is actively soliciting input from space cryocooler industries and agencies to provide information for coolers not included in the survey. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Davis, T (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23901-4 PY 2005 BP 599 EP 608 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BBY33 UT WOS:000228319300075 ER PT J AU Wilfong, ER Jederberg, WW Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ AF Wilfong, ER Jederberg, WW Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ TI Effects of subchronic dermal application of break-free CLP (R) in CD-1 mice SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE break-Free CLP; polyalphaolefin; subchronic; dermal toxicity; dermal irritation; mRNA expression; ALKP activity ID GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; MOUSE SKIN; CYTOCHROME-P450 ISOZYMES; RAT SKIN; TOXICITY; CYCLOOXYGENASES; KERATINOCYTES; IRRITATION; INDUCTION; EXPOSURE AB Break-Free CLPtrademark (Break-Free CLP) is a commercial metal cleaning, lubricating, and preserving compound used by the military, law enforcement agencies, and private citizens primarily for cleaning/maintenance of bore weapons. Break-Free CLP is predominantly polyalphaolefin oil, but it also contains dibasic ester, and isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, all of which have induced dermal irritation in laboratory animals. Studies were conducted to determine the biological effects of subchronic dermal application of Break-Free CLP to the clipped backs of CD-1 mice. Break-Free CLP, 2.5% croton oil (CO; positive control) or acetone (control vehicle) were applied neat, 50 mu L/application, three times/week for 90 days. One 50-mu L application to a 20 x 3 cm mouse dorsal skin surface area is roughly equivalent to human dermal contact with 260 mu L of Break-Free CLP, assuming that contact with the material is primarily with the upper arms, forearms, and hands. Subchronic application of 2.5% CO in acetone (positive control) and Break-Free CLP resulted in gradual accumulation of a dermal irritation response over the 90-day study period. Foci of epithelial ulceration were evident in application site skin cross sections from Break-Free CLP- and CO-treated mice, with more cases of ulceration occurring in animals treated with CO (50 versus 20%). Genes involved in wound healing and skin defense pathways were also significantly affected by subchronic topical exposure to Break-Free CLP. Both alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) activity and the percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased for Break-Free CLP- and CO-treated animals, compared with their respective controls, suggesting systemic effects as a result of subchronic dermal application. Analysis of other major organs did not identify histopathology suggestive of toxicity, but dermal treatment with Break-Free CLP was associated with the down-regulation of a number of genes in the liver involved in stress response and metabolism. The results of this study support the manufacturer's recommendations that personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used with this product to prevent the development of chronic irritation as a result of repeat exposure. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachement, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 197 EP 216 DI 10.1081/CUS-200068635 PG 20 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 970WK UT WOS:000232342900006 ER PT J AU Eaton, M Murphy, S AF Eaton, M Murphy, S TI Erythromelalgia misdiagnosed as cellulitis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB This article has been peer reviewed and approved by Michael Fisher, MID, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Review date: December 2004. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom, Inc. Albert Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME 10 provide continuing medical education for physicians. Albert Einstein College of Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of I category I credit toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only that credit that he/she actually spent in the activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with ACCME Essentials. C1 Naval Air Facil, Washington, DC USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Eaton, M (reprint author), USNR, Naval Air Facil, 1 San Diego Loop,Bldg 3198, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM meeaton@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 75 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 889WN UT WOS:000226473600005 PM 15732433 ER PT S AU Salerno, J Cardillo, RA Zhang, ZF AF Salerno, J Cardillo, RA Zhang, ZF BE Dasarathy, BV TI Comparing various algorithms for discovering social groups with uni-party data SO Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2005 CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; community generation; social networks; uni-party data; graphs; correlation AB The challenge of identifying important individuals and their membership as part of a group is a continuing and ever growing problem. In recent years, the data mining community has been identifying and discussing a new paradigm of data analysis using uni-party data. Within this paradigm, a methodology known as Link Discovery based on Correlation Analysis (LDCA), defines a process to compensate for the lack of relational data. CORAL, a specific implementation of LDCA, demonstrated the value of this methodology by identifying suspects involved in a Ponzi scheme with limited success. This paper introduces several new algorithms and analyzes their ability to generate a prioritized ranking of individuals involved in the Ponzi scheme based on their individual activity. To compare the accuracy of each algorithm, we present the experimental results of the algorithms, and conclude with a discussion of open issues and future activities. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5797-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5812 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.603680 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCK95 UT WOS:000229800000017 ER PT S AU Cardillo, RA Salerno, JJ AF Cardillo, RA Salerno, JJ BE Dasarathy, BV TI The pearls of using "real world" evidence to discover social groups SO Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance and Data Networks Security 2005 CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; community generation; social network; alias name resolution; evidence extraction AB In previous work, we introduced a new paradigm called Uni-Party Data Community Generation (UDCG) and a new methodology to discover social groups (a.k.a., community models) called Link Discovery based on Correlation Analysis (LDCA). We further advanced this work by experimenting with a corpus of evidence obtained from a Ponzi scheme investigation. That work identified several UDCG algorithms, developed what we called "Importance Measures" to compare the accuracy of the algorithms based on ground truth, and presented a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) that criminal investigators could use to discover social groups. However, that work used a rather small random sample of manually edited documents because the evidence contained far too many OCR and other extraction errors. Deferring the evidence extraction errors allowed us to continue experimenting with UDCG algorithms, but only used a small fraction of the available evidence. In attempt to discover techniques that are more practical in the near-term, our most recent work focuses on being able to use an entire corpus of real-world evidence to discover social groups. This paper discusses the complications of extracting evidence, suggests a method of performing name resolution, presents a new UDCG algorithm, and discusses our future direction in this area. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, IFEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Cardillo, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, IFEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5797-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5812 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1117/12.603763 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BCK95 UT WOS:000229800000031 ER PT S AU Pollak, S McQuay, WK AF Pollak, S McQuay, WK BE Suresh, R TI Joint battlespace infosphere applications using collaborative enterprise environment technology SO Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Collaborative Enterprise Environment; CEE; Joint Battlespace Infosphere; JBI; Java; web services; RMI AB The AFRL research programs for the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) and the Collaborative Enterprise Environment CEE) are the next steps in the evolution of information management from system-centric through network-centric to collaborative information-centric operations. JBI extends the concept of the network-centric system and provides capabilities for intelligent data transformation, information exchange, knowledge sharing, and processing CEE is an open systems, agent-based, application independent framework that supports product and process modeling and resource workflow to facilitate advanced collaboration among geographically dispersed entities. This paper describes ongoing research efforts in applying distributed collaboration to JBI. The research addresses how CEE events can interact with JBI's publish and subscribe functionality and how a JBI subscription can trigger a CEE distributed resource workflow. The workflow processes the information, conficrures the data for collaboration between humans and other resources, and publishes the results of the collaboration back to JBI. A fully integrated CEE JBI environment allows near real-time data to be used in advanced resource collaborations to bring the right information to the right user at the right time. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, IFSD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pollak, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, IFSD, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5805-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5820 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.603623 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCT89 UT WOS:000231195900026 ER PT S AU Ahmed, N Milligan, JR AF Ahmed, N Milligan, JR BE Suresh, R TI Fuselets: Lightweight applications for information manipulation SO Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE net-centric information management; publish; subscribe; information manipulation; fuselets; tailorable information spaces AB Information management draws upon many disciplines including the collection of information needs, acquisition of information, information assessment, dissemination of information, and control of a managed information space. This paper introduces the general notions of information management in the large and the facet of information management known as manipulation, and provides an in-depth discussion of an advanced technology prototype implementation for the managment of lightweight applications known as "fuselets" that perform value-added information processing functions over the manaced information space. A fuselet is a light-weight, special-purpose Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) client that provides value-added functions for information processing that are under the control of the JBI platform services. The information processing functions take existing information objects within the JBI information space as input and manipulate them in a specified manner to produce new information objects. Information manipulations performed by fuselets typically satisfy the recurring information needs that are found to be common across multiple Communities of Interest (COIs), but are also often customized or developed from scratch to satisfy the immediate needs of a specific COI or information consumer for which there is no other readily available solution. This paper will discuss the overall fuselet system architecture and a developmental prototype that establishes an operational framework for fuselet execution and management. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ahmed, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5805-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5820 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1117/12.605423 PG 10 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCT89 UT WOS:000231195900029 ER PT S AU Muccio, M Lopez, E McKeel, R AF Muccio, M Lopez, E McKeel, R BE Suresh, R TI JBI instrumentation services SO Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Joint Battlespace Infosphere; JBI; information management; instrumentation; visualization AB The Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) is an information management infrastructure that provides a basic set of flexible core services: publish, subscribe, and query. Managed Information Objects (MIOs) are published by JBI clients and are subsequently managed and disseminated to other subscribing JBI Clients by the JBI Core Services. MIOs can also be archived into a repository managed by the JBI Core Services upon publication and can later be queried for by JBI Clients. A reference implementation (RI) of the JBI Core Services using Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) technology is currently being developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) in Rome, NY. JBI Instrumentation Services will allow users to cain insight into what activity is occurring inside the JBI Core Services. The phase I Instrumentation Services implementation has been developed as a standalone system that interacts with the JBI Core Services through a set of interfaces that provide a low impact, multi-implmentation compatible connection. The Instrumentation Services Architecture makes use of the Instrumentation Entity Model to create entities that describe the real elements of the JBI Core Services: platforms, connections, users, nodes, and sequences. These entities populate the Instrumentation Space and are accessed by clients through the Instrumentation Client API (ICAPI). A web-based client that makes use of this ICAPI has been developed to visualize instrumentation information and demonstrate the capabilities of the Instrumentation Services. This client utilizes numerical rate graphs and dynamic graph trees to visualize JBI activity. This paper describes the phase I Instrumentation Services Architecture and development efforts involved in creating the JBI Instrumentation Services and prototype instrumentation client. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Muccio, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5805-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5820 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1117/12.605450 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCT89 UT WOS:000231195900030 ER PT S AU Linderman, MH Milligan, JR AF Linderman, MH Milligan, JR BE Suresh, R TI Net-centric information management challenges SO Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense Transformation and Network-Centric Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE information management; net-centricity; JBI; Joint Battlespace Infosphere AB The Department of Defense is making significant investments to construct systems, built upon web services and their supporting technologies, that strive to achieve the goals of net-centricity. While these technologies address several of the traditional stumbling blocks to integration and interoperability, they leave issues of information management largely unaddressed. Indeed, the broad availability of these systems exacerbates, rather than reduces, stresses on our information management capabilities. This paper discusses the enterprise-level information management infrastructure objectives for providing, net-centric military capabilities and more fundamental technical challenges derived from them. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Linderman, MH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5805-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5820 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1117/12.604852 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCT89 UT WOS:000231195900032 ER PT B AU Sowards, LA Singh, KM Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Sowards, LA Singh, KM Stone, MO Naik, RR GP IS&T TI Deposition of biotemplates using dip-pen nanolithography SO Digital Fabrication 2005, Final Program and Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP21)/International Conference on Digital Fabrication Technologies CY SEP 18-22, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Imaging Soc Japan ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; EVOLUTION AB Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) is a powerful and versatile technique for nano- to micro-scale patterning.(1) DPN entails loading the probe of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a desired molecule which is then deposited in a specific pattern onto the substrate of interest. Since the introduction of DPN in 1999 a variety of molecules have been deposited, including proteins,(2.3) alkylthiols (self-assembled monolayers)(1) and metal salts.(4) Deposition may be driven by covalent, electrostatic, or electrochemical forces. Here we describe the use of DPN for nano-scale patterning of biotemplates which can subsequently be used as biomineralization precursors or molecular building blocks for nanoscale structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sowards, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 0-89208-258-5 PY 2005 BP 49 EP 51 PG 3 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDR27 UT WOS:000235039200018 ER PT S AU D'yachkov, AG Macula, AJ Pogozelski, WK Renz, TE Rykov, VV Torney, DC AF D'yachkov, AG Macula, AJ Pogozelski, WK Renz, TE Rykov, VV Torney, DC BE Ferretti, C Mauri, G Zandron, C TI A weighted insertion-deletion stacked pair thermodynamic metric for DNA codes SO DNA COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on DNA Computing (DNA10) CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Informat, Brainspark plc Comerson, Etnoteam, European Commiss, STMicroelectronics HO Univ Milano Bicocca AB Thermodynamic distance functions are important components in the construction of DNA codes and DNA codewords are structural and information building blocks in biomolecular computing and other biotechnical applications that employ DNA hybridization assays. We introduce new metrics for DNA code design that capture key aspects of the nearest neighbor thermodynamic model for hybridized DNA duplexes. One version of our metric gives the maximum number of stacked pairs of hydrogen bonded nucleotide base pairs that can be present in any secondary structure in a hybridized DNA duplex without pseudoknots. We introduce the concept of (t-gap) block isomorphic subsequences to describe new string metrics that are similar to the weighted Levenshtein insertion-deletion metric. We show how our new distances can be calculated by a generalization of the folklore longest common subsequence dynamic programming algorithm. We give a Varshamov-Gilbert like lower bound on the size of some of codes using our distance functions as constraints. We also discuss software implementation of our DNA code design methods. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 119899, Russia. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Chem, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macula, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, Rome Res Site, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. EM dyachkov@artist.math.msu.su; macula@geneseo.edu; pogozels@geneseo.edu; thomas.renz@rl.af.mil; vrykov@mail.unomaha; dct@lanl.gov.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26174-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3384 BP 90 EP 103 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science GA BCO58 UT WOS:000230424600008 ER PT S AU Viggiano, AA Ehlerding, A Arnold, ST Larsson, M AF Viggiano, AA Ehlerding, A Arnold, ST Larsson, M BE Wolf, A Lammich, L Schmelcher, P TI Dissociative recombination of hydrocarbon ions SO DR2004: Sixth International Conference on Dissociative Recombination: Theory, Experiments and Applications SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Dissociative Recombination CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Mosbach, GERMANY ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; BRANCHING RATIOS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; FRACTIONS; EXCITATION; H3O+; CH5+ AB Rate constants and product distributions have been measured for a number of hydrocarbon ions at the CRYRING facility at the Stockholm University. Rate constants at 300 K are about 5 x 10(-7) cm(-3) s(-1). The electron temperature dependences are also roughly constant and follow a power law. The products appear to correlate with reaction exothermicity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2005 VL 4 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/4/1/027 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BCE13 UT WOS:000228817000027 ER PT J AU Munichandraiah, N Sakthivel, K Scanlon, LG AF Munichandraiah, N Sakthivel, K Scanlon, LG TI Analysis of electrochemical impedance of dilithium phthalocyanine SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS; CATHODE AB Dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) possesses mixed electronic-ionic conductivity due to overlap of pi-pi orbitals (electronic) and mobility of Li+ ion (ionic) in a channel formed due to stacking of the macromolecules. Electrochemical impedance measurements provide separation of electronic and ionic conductivities. The temperature dependence studies are employed for calculation of activation energies. The electronic conductivity shows a marked increase on applying dc bias voltage across a symmetrical cell of Li2Pc with blocking electrodes, whereas the ionic conductivity is marginally influenced. (C) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Wright Lab, Battery Electrochem Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Munichandraiah, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM muni@ipc.iisc.ernet.in NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 5 BP E45 EP E48 DI 10.1149/1.1872592 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 915SM UT WOS:000228326600015 ER PT J AU Crisman, EE Derov, JS Drehman, AJ Gregory, OJ AF Crisman, EE Derov, JS Drehman, AJ Gregory, OJ TI Large pyroelectric response from reactively sputtered aluminum nitride thin films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; ALN AB We report the pyroelectric response of c-axis oriented, undoped, wurtzite, aluminum nitride reactively sputtered onto polished silicon wafers. The voltage between a metallic contact on the AlN surface and the n(+)-doped silicon substrate was monitored during pulsed infrared, radiant heating. From analysis of the data, a pyroelectric voltage coefficient, P-V, in excess of 0.5 x 10(6) V/ m/K was extracted for films in the 600 to 2500 angstrom thickness range. (C) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Crisman, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM everett.crisman@hanscom.af.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP H31 EP H32 DI 10.1149/1.1857742 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 915SK UT WOS:000228326400028 ER PT S AU Bedford, RG Kolesik, M Chilla, JLA Reed, MK Nelson, TR Moloney, JV AF Bedford, RG Kolesik, M Chilla, JLA Reed, MK Nelson, TR Moloney, JV BE Pirich, AR TI Power-limiting mechanisms in VECSELs SO Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL ID EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; DISK LASER; EFFICIENCY; CAVITY; NM AB Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) have been considered the "ultimate disk-laser" due to their extremely thin active regions and because they take advantage of the high gain found in semiconductor material. This paper discusses power scaling limitations, including heating effects, surface roughness losses, and laterally guided amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bedford, RG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5799-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5814 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.607428 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCW29 UT WOS:000231531900024 ER PT S AU Fanto, ML Malowicki, JE Bussjager, RJ Repak, PL Kramer, KA Casimir, D Hayduk, MJ AF Fanto, ML Malowicki, JE Bussjager, RJ Repak, PL Kramer, KA Casimir, D Hayduk, MJ BE Pirich, AR TI Frequency stabilization of a mode-locked waveguide laser using the Pound-Drever-Hall technique SO Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE erbium-doped; mode-locked; etalon; Pound-Drever-Hall ID TIMING JITTER; RING LASER; NOISE; PHASE AB The generation of stable mode-locked pulses in the 1550 nm regime is required for high resolution signal processing used in transient probes, optical clocks, and optical A-D converters. More recently the frequency combs comprising these pulses have been applied to innovative methods of arbitrary waveform generation (AWG) in the optical domain. Temporal stability, however, limits the performance in some of those applications. We show here that a Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique applied to a mode-locked Erbium Doped Waveguide Laser (EDWL) effectively stabilizes the frequency comb for extended time intervals. The ultra-compact waveguide configuration offers greater packaging flexibility. The system performance in terms of temporal stability is also found to compare favorably with those of a high grade commercial erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Fanto, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5799-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5814 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1117/12.607766 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCW29 UT WOS:000231531900028 ER PT S AU Bello, P Yang, Y AF Bello, P Yang, Y BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI A multilevel exploration of normative reasoning SO Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE deontic logic; psychology of reasoning; nonmonotonic inference AB Herein, we explore the psychology of deontic reasoning through the presentation of a heterogeneous natural logic combining inference schemas with a preference-based model-theoretic semantics such as those typically found in various formalisms for nonmonotonic reasoning. We conjecture that the heterogeneous approach is a generalization of various other hypotheses concerning deontic reasoning, and provides a robust framework for explaining semantic intricacies which are present in so-called "deontic paradoxes." As an initial investigation, two theories were tested: The first hypothesis states that people represent an obligation as a conditional statement which explicitly includes the concept of violation, and the other postulates that people not only prefer deontically perfect situations to less-than-perfect situations, but also have preference between these sub-ideal situations. Two sets of experiments were conducted in order to gain some insight regarding these two ideas, and the results show strong evidence supporting our initial intuitions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Bello, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5790-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5805 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.603740 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCS56 UT WOS:000231052900012 ER PT S AU McQuay, WK Stilman, B Yakhnis, V AF McQuay, WK Stilman, B Yakhnis, V BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Distributed collaborative decision support environments for predictive awareness SO Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE battlespace; simulation; decision support; collaboration; collaborative environment; predictive awareness AB The past decade has produced significant changes in the conduct of military operations: asymmetric warfare, the reliance on dynamic coalitions, stringent rules of engagement, increased concern about collateral damage, and the need for sustained air operations. Mission commanders need to assimilate a tremendous amount of information, rapidly assess the enemy's course of action (eCOA) or possible actions and promulgate their own course of action (COA) - a need for predictive awareness. Decision support tools in a distributed collaborative environment offer the capability of decomposing complex multitask processes and distributing them over a dynamic set of execution assets that include modeling, simulations, and analysis tools. Revolutionary new approaches to strategy generation and assessment such as Linguistic Geometry (LG) permit the rapid development of COA vs. enemy COA (eCOA). LG tools automatically generate and permit the operators to take advantage of winning strategies and tactics for mission planning and execution in near real-time. LG is predictive and employs deep "look-ahead" from the current state and provides a realistic, reactive model of adversary reasoning and behavior. Collaborative environments provide the framework and integrate models, simulations, and domain specific decision support tools for the sharing and exchanging of data, information, knowledge, and actions. This paper describes ongoing research efforts in applying distributed collaborative environments to decision support for predictive mission awareness. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuay, WK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSD, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5790-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5805 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1117/12.609727 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCS56 UT WOS:000231052900020 ER PT S AU Weber, R Stilman, B Yakhnis, V AF Weber, R Stilman, B Yakhnis, V BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Extension of the LG hypergame to "inner games" played over the. topology of competing "mind nets" SO Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE battlespace; simulation; decision support; inner game; outer game; command organization structure; decision-making processes AB Most published works on the subject of Linguistic Geometry, especially, those published in the 90s, are limited to Abstract Board Games where players' moves are either immediately known or perfectly known after some time delay. The method has potential application to more realistic representations of human competition or conflict where all knowledge has some probability of being mistaken, or in the presence of intentional deception by an adversary. Real world experience indicates that the greatest failures in conflicts originate from false "knowledge" taken to be true rather than from lack of knowledge or uncertain perceptions correctly assessed as such. Will Rogers, Jr. put it most succinctly when he said: "It's not what you don't know that hurts you. It's what you think you know that ain't so". C1 USAF, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 USA. RP Weber, R (reprint author), USAF, 27931 Alvarez Dr, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5790-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5805 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.609729 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCS56 UT WOS:000231052900021 ER PT S AU McKeever, WE Walter, MJ Gilmour, DA Hanna, JP AF McKeever, WE Walter, MJ Gilmour, DA Hanna, JP BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Simulating effects based operations SO Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE effects based operations; wargaming; military operations; center of gravity models; course of action AB Effects based operations (EBO) are proving to be a vital part of current concepts of operations in military missions and consequently need to be an integral part Of current generation wargames. EBO is an approach to planning, executing and assessing military operations that focuses on obtaining a desired strategic outcome or "effect" on the adversary instead of merely attacking targets or simply dealing with objectives. Alternatively, the emphasis of conventional wargames is focused on attrition based modeling and is incapable of assessing effects and their contribution to the overall mission objectives. The focus of this paper is the integration of an EBO modeling scheme [1] within a force-on-force simulator. In this paper, the authors review the EBO modeling capability and describe its' integration within the wargame; including the integration of center of gravity (COG) models, the realization of indirect and cascading effects, the impact of the COG models on simulation control files, and the use of COG models to link the simulation commander with assets. A simple scenario demonstrating indirect and cascading effects is described and the results are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Adv Comp Technol Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP McKeever, WE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Adv Comp Technol Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5790-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5805 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.604667 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCS56 UT WOS:000231052900027 ER PT S AU Trevisani, D Reaper, J Trott, K AF Trevisani, D Reaper, J Trott, K BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Incorporating realistic command, control and communications (C3) effects in military mission level simulation SO Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science IX CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE operationally focused simulation; optimization approaches; model abstraction techniques; visualization and analysis AB The Joint Synthetic Battlespace for Research and Development (JSB-RD) program is performing research and development in the areas of Modeling and Simulation (M&S), advanced visualization and analysis, and Decision Support. The goal of this work is to create a robust environment for use in ongoing research efforts in areas including Information Fusion, Effects Based Operations, and Predictive Battlespace Awareness. Present day mission level simulations suffer from overly simplistic, inaccurate communication link models that significantly overestimate available in-theater communications, a vital enabler of Command, Control and Communications (C3). Predictions based from such models can, and generally do, substantially differ from those encountered under actual battle conditions. In an effort to improve the accuracy and reliability of mission level simulation predictions, JSB-RD is adding detailed military link models into their core environment, along with the necessary logic to properly address C3 effects within the synthetic world. This paper chronicles these JSB-RD efforts to date. This paper first presents a high level view of the JSB-RD project, followed by a detailed discussion of current efforts to enhance simulation predictions accuracy by integrating detailed military communications link models with existing military mission models. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Trevisani, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5790-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5805 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1117/12.609733 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCS56 UT WOS:000231052900035 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Drake, GW Hawkins, T AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Drake, GW Hawkins, T TI Quantitative structure-property relationships for melting points and densities of ionic liquids SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PREDICTION; QSPR; BROMIDES; ALKANES AB Although innumerable different ionic liquids are possible, even basic physical-property data, such as the density and melting point, exist only for relatively few. Derivation of melting point quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) for energetic ionic liquids would therefore greatly aid in the molecular design of new compounds. A new class of ionic liquids, based on 1-substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide and nitrate salts, were recently synthesized and their melting points and densities measured. We optimized the molecular geometries of the cations of the ionic liquids using ab initio quantum chemical methods. Melting point QSPRs were then derived from molecular orbital, thermodynamic, and electrostatic descriptors. Good correlations with the experimental data were found. The correlation coefficients for three-parameter melting point QSPRs and for one-parameter density QSPRs exceed 0.9. Although some of the descriptors that appear in our QSPRs were designed to describe chemical reactions, we infer that they serve in this study to quantify interactions between the cation and anion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), Anteon Corp, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1021/ef049858q PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 889VQ UT WOS:000226471300035 ER PT S AU Calhoun, GL Draper, MH Abernathy, MF Patzek, M Delgado, F AF Calhoun, GL Draper, MH Abernathy, MF Patzek, M Delgado, F BE Verly, JG TI Synthetic vision system for improving unmanned aerial vehicle operator situation awareness SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2005 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2005 Conference CY MAR 28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic vision; conformal overlay; situation awareness; unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV ID AUGMENTED REALITY; ATTENTION; DISPLAY AB The Air Force Research Laboratory's Human Effectiveness Directorate (AFRL/HE) supports research addressing human factors associated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operator control stations. Recent research, in collaboration with Rapid Imaging Software, Inc., has focused on determining the value of combining synthetic vision data with live camera video presented on a UAV control station display. Information is constructed from databases (e.g., terrain, cultural features, pre-mission plan, etc.), as well as numerous information updates via networked communication with other sources (e.g., weather, intel). This information is overlaid conformal, in real time, onto the dynamic camera video image display presented to operators. Synthetic vision overlay technology is expected to improve operator situation awareness by highlighting key spatial information elements of interest directly onto the video image, such as threat locations, expected locations of targets, landmarks, emergency airfields, etc. Also, it may help maintain an operator's situation awareness during periods of video datalink degradation/dropout and when operating in conditions of poor visibility. Additionally, this technology may serve as an intuitive means of distributed communications between geographically separated users. This paper discusses the tailoring of synthetic overlay technology for several UAV applications. Pertinent human factors issues are detailed, as well as the usability, simulation, and flight test evaluations required to determine how best to combine synthetic visual data with live camera video presented on a ground control station display and validate that a synthetic vision system is beneficial for UAV applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Calhoun, GL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECI, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146,Rm 122, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gloria.calhoun@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5787-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5802 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1117/12.603421 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCS57 UT WOS:000231054000021 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, MT Richards, AC Rotenberg, JS AF Shoemaker, MT Richards, AC Rotenberg, JS TI Safety and tolerability of Levetiracetam in infants SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the American-Epilepsy-Society/American-Clinical-Neurophsiology-Society CY DEC 02-06, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Epilepsy Soc, Amer Clin Neurophysiol Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 2005 VL 46 SU 8 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 973RK UT WOS:000232540100472 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI Envelope-function theory without spurious real solutions SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-MASS APPROXIMATION; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MICROSTRUCTURES; STATES; MODEL AB Spurious real solutions k(S) greater than or equal to 1 Angstrom(-1) of the bulk k.p Hamiltonian for semiconductors can lead to spurious bands and nonnormalizable wave functions in the envelope function approximation (EFA). Since physical observables cannot depend on layer width variations on the scale of 1 Angstrom-less than a typical interface width or the precision of defining an interface-we form coherent superpositions of spurious real solutions that satisfy boundary conditions with interface boundaries varying on the scale of k(S)(-1). The superposition leads to a total destructive interference, which demonstrates that real spurious solutions do not contribute to the envelope function away from interfaces. In the interfacial region, we show that real spurious solutions should be replaced with evanescent solutions that decay within k(S)(-1). The present technique is demonstrated in a model case and in a superlattice calculation using the 8 x 8 EFA. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10340-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 897WE UT WOS:000227035700016 ER PT S AU Day, RO Lamont, GB AF Day, RO Lamont, GB BE Raidl, GR Gottlieb, J TI Multiobjective quadratic assignment problem solved by an explicit building block search algorithm - MOMGA-IIa SO EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION IN COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND SP EvoNet, Univ Lausanne AB The multi-objective quadratic assignment problem (mQAP) is an non-deterministic polynomial-time complete (NPC) problem with many real-world applications. The application addressed in this paper is the minimization of communication flows in a heterogenous mix of Organic Air Vehicles (OAV). A multi-objective approach to solving the general mQAP for this OAV application is developed. The combinatoric nature of this problem calls for a stochastic search algorithm; moreover, two linkage learning algorithms, the multi-objective fast messy genetic algorithm (MOMGA-II) and MOMGA-Ila, are compared. Twenty-three different problem instances having three different sizes (10, 20, and 30) plus two and three objectives are solved. Results indicate that the MOMGA-IIa resolves all pareto optimal points for problem instances < 20. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, RO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Day@afit.edu; Gary.Lamont@afit.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25337-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3448 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCG43 UT WOS:000229210400009 ER PT S AU Day, RO Lamont, GB AF Day, RO Lamont, GB BE Coello, CAC Aguirre, AH Zitzler, E TI Extended multi-objective fast messy genetic algorithm solving deception problems SO EVOLUTIONARY MULTI-CRITERION OPTIMIZATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (EMO 2005) CY MAR 09-11, 2005 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP CIMAT, CONCyTEG, Univ Guanajuato, Gobierno Estado Guanajuato, Coordinadora Turismo Estado Guanajuato, CINVESTAV IPN AB Deception problems are among the hardest problems to solve using ordinary genetic algorithms. Designed to simulate a high degree of epistasis, these deception problems imitate extremely difficult real world problems. [1]. Studies show that Bayesian optimization and explicit building block manipulation algorithms, like the fast messy genetic algorithm (fmGA), can help in solving these problems. This paper compares the results acquired from an extended multiobjective fast messy genetic algorithm (MOMGA-IIa), ordinary multiobjective fast messy genetic algorithm (MOMCA-II), multiobjective Bayesian optimization algorithm (mBOA), and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) when applied to three different deception problems. The extended MOMCA-II is enhanced with a new technique exploiting the fmGA's basis function to improve partitioned searching in both the genotype and phenotype domain. The three deceptive problems studied are: interleaved minimal deceptive problem, interleaved 5-bit trap function, and interleaved 6-bit bipolar function. The unmodified MOMCA-II, by design, explicitly learns building block linkages, a requirement if an algorithm is to solve these hard deception problems. Results using the MOMGA-IIa are excellent when compared to the non-explicit building block algorithm results of both the mBOA and NSGA-II. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, RO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Day@afit.edu; Gary.Lamont@afit.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24983-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3410 BP 296 EP 310 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCF36 UT WOS:000229021300021 ER PT S AU Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB AF Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB BE Coello, CAC Aguirre, AH Zitzler, E TI Solving the aircraft engine maintenance scheduling problem using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm SO EVOLUTIONARY MULTI-CRITERION OPTIMIZATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (EMO 2005) CY MAR 09-11, 2005 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP CIMAT, CONCyTEG, Univ Guanajuato, Gobierno Estado Guanajuato, Coordinadora Turismo Estado Guanajuato, CINVESTAV IPN DE multi-objective evolutionary algorithms; scheduling problem; aircraft engine scheduling; variable-length chromosome AB This paper investigates the use of a multi-objective genetic algorithm, MOEA, to solve the scheduling problem for aircraft engine maintenance. The problem is a combination of a modified job shop problem and a flow shop problem. The goal is to minimize the time needed to return engines to mission capable status and to minimize the associated cost by limiting the number of times an engine has to be taken from the active inventory for maintenance. Our preliminary results show that the chosen MOEA called GENMOP effectively converges toward better scheduling solutions and our innovative chromosome design effectively handles the maintenance prioritization of engines. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kleeman, MP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.Kleeman@afit.edu; Gary.Lamont@afit.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24983-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3410 BP 782 EP 796 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCF36 UT WOS:000229021300054 ER PT J AU Seale, DA AF Seale, DA TI Joining a queue or staying out: Effects of information structure and service time on arrival and staying out decisions SO EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE batch queueing; equilibrium solution; experiment; coordination AB We study a class of single-server queueing systems with a finite population size, FIFO queue discipline, and no balking or reneging. In contrast to the predominant assumptions of queueing theory of exogenously determined arrivals and steady state behavior, we investigate queueing systems with endogenously determined arrival times and focus on transient rather than steady state behavior. When arrival times are endogenous, the resulting interactive decision process is modeled as a non-cooperative n-person game with complete information. Assuming discrete strategy spaces, the mixed-strategy equilibrium solution for groups of n = 20 agents is computed using a Markov chain method. Using a 2 x 2 between-subject design (private vs. public information by short vs. long service time), arrival and staying out decisions are presented and compared to the equilibrium predictions. The results indicate that players generate replicable patterns of behavior that are accounted for remarkably well on the aggregate, but not individual, level by the mixed-strategy equilibrium solution unless congestion is unavoidable and information about group behavior is not provided. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Management, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Mays Sch Business, Dept Informat & Operat Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Management & Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Seale, DA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Management, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM dseale@unlv.nevada.edu NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4157 J9 EXP ECON JI Exp. Econ. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 117 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s10683-005-0872-1 PG 28 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 946YN UT WOS:000230609300003 ER PT S AU Golden, PJ Nicholas, T AF Golden, PJ Nicholas, T BE Daniewicz, SR Newman, JC Schwalbe, KH TI The effect of negative stress ratio load history on high cycle fatigue threshold SO Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics, 34th Volume SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY NOV 19-21, 2003 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM, European Struct Integr Soc DE high cycle fatigue; threshold; load history; small cracks; Ti-6Al-4V; overload; fracture mechanics ID CRACK-PROPAGATION; TI-6AL-4V AB The objective of this research was to measure the load history effects of negative stress ratio loading on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) crack growth threshold of Ti-6Al-4V. Previous work has shown an increase in the HCF threshold that is dependent on the K-max during the low cycle fatigue loading that nucleated a crack. The increase in fatigue limit was attributed to an overload effect from the LCF loading and was quantified through the use of a simple overload model. On the contrary, evidence from R = -1 testing suggests that negative overloads, referred to as underloads, may reduce this K-max load history effect and even lower the threshold below long crack values. To investigate this further, smooth and notched Ti-6Al-4V specimens were pre-loaded in fatigue below their endurance limit at stresses expected to nucleate cracks in approximately 10 million and 100 000 cycles, respectively, and at stress ratios of -3.5 and -3, respectively. Although the smooth specimens could not be monitored for crack nucleation, the notched specimens allowed the use of an infrared damage detection system to monitor the localized region at the notch root for indications of crack nucleation. These cracked specimens were then heat tinted, and several were also stress relieved to remove load history effects. All of the preloaded specimens were then HCF step tested to determine the fatigue limit stress or threshold. Although the smooth bars showed little effect due to the preloading at negative R, the threshold results on the notched specimens that developed measurable cracks seem to show competing effects of underloading and K-max overloading, dependent somewhat on precrack length. The specimens with smaller cracks nucleated at R = -3 tend to have a reduced HCF threshold compared to the conventional long crack threshold. Short crack effects and load-history effects are quantitatively explained with the aid of a Kitagawa diagram with an El Haddad short crack correction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3487-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 IS 1461 BP 107 EP 123 DI 10.1520/STP11489S PG 17 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDL70 UT WOS:000234141900007 ER PT S AU Morrissey, RJ Golden, PJ AF Morrissey, RJ Golden, PJ BE Daniewicz, SR Newman, JC Schwalbe, KH TI Ultrasonic fatigue testing of Ti-6Al-4V SO Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics, 34th Volume SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY NOV 19-21, 2003 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM, European Struct Integr Soc DE high cycle fatigue; ultrasonic; Ti-6Al-4V; endurance limit ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; SUBSURFACE CRACK INITIATION; FREQUENCY; STRENGTH; STEEL AB The objective of this research was to investigate the high cycle fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy using an ultrasonic fatigue system. Fatigue testing up to one billion cycles under fully reversed loading conditions was performed to determine the ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V. Endurance limit results were compared to similar data generated on conventional servohydraulic test systems and electromagnetic shaker systems to determine if there are any frequency effects. In addition, specimens were tested with and without cooling air to determine the effects of temperature on the fatigue behavior. Results indicate that the fatigue strength determined from ultrasonic testing was consistent with conventional testing. However, preliminary results indicate that cooling air may increase the fatigue limit stress at very long lives. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morrissey, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3487-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 IS 1461 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1520/STP11501S PG 10 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDL70 UT WOS:000234141900019 ER PT S AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, H Mall, S BE Daniewicz, SR Newman, JC Schwalbe, KH TI Fretting fatigue and stress relaxation behaviors of shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V SO Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics, 34th Volume SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY NOV 19-21, 2003 CL Tampa, FL SP ASTM, European Struct Integr Soc DE fretting fatigue; residual stress; shot-peening; stress relaxation; crack initiation parameter ID CRACK INITIATION; TEMPERATURES AB Relaxation behavior of residual stress and its effect on fretting fatigue response of shot-peened titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V were investigated at room and elevated temperatures under constant amplitude cycling condition using two contact configurations, cylinder on flat and flat on flat. Measurements by X-ray diffraction method before and after tests showed that residual compressive stress relaxed during fretting fatigue. Fretting fatigue life depended on the amount of stress relaxation as well as on the applied stress range. Elevated temperature induced more residual stress relaxation relative to that at room temperature, which, in turn, resulted in a reduction of fretting fatigue life. There was no effect of contact geometry on fretting fatigue life on the basis of the applied cyclic stress on the specimen, which did not account for any effects from contact stresses, even though less residual stress relaxation occurred with flat pad. A critical plane based fatigue crack initiation model, modified shear stress range parameter (MSSR), was computed from finite element analysis for tests incorporating various levels of stress relaxation. It showed that not only crack initiation but also crack propagation should be considered to characterize fretting fatigue behavior of shot-peened specimens. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3487-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 IS 1461 BP 472 EP 487 DI 10.1520/STP11512S PG 16 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BDL70 UT WOS:000234141900030 ER PT S AU Spring, JB Russell, TH Shay, TM Berdine, RW Sanchez, AD Ward, BG Roh, WB AF Spring, JB Russell, TH Shay, TM Berdine, RW Sanchez, AD Ward, BG Roh, WB BE Durvasula, LN Brown, AJW Nilsson, J TI Comparison of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering thresholds and spectra in non-polarization-maintaining and polarization-maintaining passive fibers SO Fiber Lasers II: Technology, Systems, and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers II CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Southampton Photon Inc DE Stimulated Brillouin Scattering; fiber laser; fiber amplifier; polarization ID SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; LASER; POWER; RAMAN AB Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) is a polarization-dependent. nonlinear process that is often the limiting factor for high-power fiber laser applications. We report the results of experiments measuring the SBS thresholds and the SBS gain bandwidths in several passive optical fibers. Fibers with nearly identical mode-field diameters and loss coefficients from different manufacturers were selected. Observations from these experiments indicate that the SBS gain coefficient for fibers from different manufacturers varied significantly resulting in a 70% deviation in SBS threshold. Also. polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber exhibited a significant increase in the SBS threshold for a linearly polarized pump beam that is launched into the PM fiber at 45 degrees relative to the fiber's slow axis. This increase in threshold was not mirrored in non-PM fiber. These results suggest that the polarization multiplier in the SBS threshold equation may be highest when a PM fiber is used with the appropriate launch conditions, rather than a non-PM conventional single-mode fiber. We will present the experimental results and a theoretical model demonstrating the polarization dependent gain properties in both PM and non-PM fiber. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Spring, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5683-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5709 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.591035 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCH98 UT WOS:000229383800021 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War American War Making on the Frontier, 1607-1814 Introduction SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 1 EP 15 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 15 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900002 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War American War Making on the Frontier, 1607-1814 Preface SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP IX EP X D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 2 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900001 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War's Origins in Colonial America SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 16 EP 52 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 37 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900003 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War in the North American Wars of King George II, 1739-1755 SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 53 EP 86 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 34 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900004 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI Continental and British Petite Guerre, circa 1750 SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 87 EP 114 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 28 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900005 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War in the Seven Years' War, 1754-1763 SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 115 EP 145 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 31 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900006 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War in the Era of the American Revolution SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 146 EP 169 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 24 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900007 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War in the 1790s SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 170 EP 203 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 34 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900008 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War and the Final Conquest of the Transappalachian West SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDIANS C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 204 EP 220 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 17 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900009 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John BA Grenier, J BF Grenier, J TI The First Way of War American War Making on the Frontier, 1607-1814 Epilogue SO FIRST WAY OF WAR: AMERICAN WAR MAKING ON THE FRONTIER, 1607-1814 LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84566-3 PY 2005 BP 221 EP 225 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511817847 PG 5 WC History SC History GA BDL84 UT WOS:000313693900010 ER PT B AU Russell, CA He, P Wilson, GF AF Russell, CA He, P Wilson, GF BE Schmorrow, DD TI Artifact detection and correction for operator functional state estimation SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB Determining operator functional state is a critical component of adaptively aiding closed humanin-the-loop systems. The input measures or features used to define the operator functional state (OFS) model must be free of artifacts to ensure accurate classification of operator functional state. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a major component of the OFS model. Since the EEG magnitude is small relative to other psychophysiological measures it is most susceptible to contamination or artifact. Eye blinks and body movements are the usual culprit of artifact in EEG. This paper discusses an adaptive filter algorithm for removal of both horizontal and vertical eye movements including blinks. Muscle activation is also a major source of EEG contamination. A discussion of a promising muscle artifact removal using independent component analysis is presented. Additional artifacts can be detected but not removed using a simple statistical technique which is presented here. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700033 ER PT B AU Russell, CA Wilson, GF AF Russell, CA Wilson, GF BE Schmorrow, DD TI Feature saliency analysis for operator state estimation SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB Determining operator functional state is a critical component of adaptively aided systems. If the aiding or automation is not provided when it is required by the operator system performance may not improve. Accurate knowledge of the functional cognitive status of the human operator is required for the aiding to be most effective. To determine operator functional state (OFS), we must decide which measured features from the operator best distinguishes between multiple levels of cognitive activity. A battery of 43 psychophysiological signals was collected while operators performed a complex task with two levels of cognitive demand. Three feature reduction methods, principal component analysis, weight-based partial derivative method, and a weight-based signal-to-noise ratio were applied, and the results were used as inputs to an artificial neural network for training and classification. Classification accuracies up to 90 percent were achieved and the number of input features required was reduced by up to 84 percent. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 391 EP 395 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700053 ER PT B AU Russell, CA Wilson, GF Rizki, MA Webb, TS Gustafson, SC AF Russell, CA Wilson, GF Rizki, MA Webb, TS Gustafson, SC BE Schmorrow, DD TI Comparing classifiers for real time estimation of cognitive workload SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB Psychophysiological measures and three types of pattern classification algorithms were used to determine if an optimal algorithm could be found to evaluate how well higher levels of cognitive activity, such as executive function, spatial and verbal working memory and global workload, could be classified. The three pattern classification algorithms were artificial neural networks (ANN), discriminant analysis (DA), and support vector machines (SVM). ANNs, specifically the multilayer perceptron, are compared to discriminant functions and support vector machines. The discriminant functions investigated were linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and logistic regression for pattern classification. The SVMs evaluated are linear support vector machines, polynomial support vector machines, and radial basis function support vector machines. In each case the multilayer perceptron outperformed the other classifiers. An uninhabited combat air vehicle (UCAV) simulator was used in which subjects were responsible for monitoring and selecting targets for four vehicles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 396 EP 404 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700054 ER PT B AU Calkin, BA AF Calkin, BA BE Schmorrow, DD TI UCAV operator workload issues using adaptive aiding systems SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID AUTOMATION AB In order to successfully supervise unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV), while coordinating with other air and ground assets, operators will require significant training, a supportive interface and a high degree of situational awareness (SA). Even with these elements, task saturation and individual cognitive limitations can drive an operator into a state of mental overload, resulting in degraded performance and even mission failure. Real-time adaptive aiding (also adaptive automation) can assist the operator in multiple ways during critical periods throughout the mission. It can also enhance the performance capability of the operators and result in one operator doing the work of many. However, the adaptive automation and decision support tools must be appropriately applied in order to be more helpful than disruptive. The aiding must be reliable, predictable, timely, relevant, and seamlessly introduced and removed. Additionally, predetermined contracts with the adaptive automation can address user-specific, mission-specific and context-specific needs. This paper provides a test perspective from the operator's point of view to workload issues involved in supervising highly-autonomous air vehicles and some of the adaptive aiding strategies that could be used to help manage them. The role of Operator Functional State (OFS) assessment using psychophysiological measures will also be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 791 EP 796 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700101 ER PT B AU Tripp, LD Wilson, GF AF Tripp, LD Wilson, GF BE Schmorrow, DD TI Using electrical brain potentials and cerebral oximetry to detect G-induced loss of consciousness SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV AB G (acceleration) induced Loss of Consciousness (GLOC) remains one of the leading human factors problems in the Air Force today and is responsible for the loss of both aircraft and life. Whinnery, Burton, Boll, and Eddy (1987) have reported that pilots are incapacitated for a total of 24 sec consisting of 12 sec; of complete unconsciousness or absolute incapacitation followed by a 12 sec period of subsequent confusion or relative incapacitation. Whinnery and Burton (1988) reported that repeated exposure to GLOC could decrease recovery time of a GLOC event and that GLOC should be incorporated into the centrifuge training curriculum for pilots undergoing high-G centrifuge training. To that end the current study investigated the longitudinal effects of repeated human exposure to GLOC. Electrical brain potentials and cerebral oximetry were used to monitor participants during repeated G exposure and during GLOC episodes. The results provide an example of the application of the neuroergonomic approach to an important practical problem, GLOC. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 852 EP 853 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700110 ER PT B AU Calhoun, G Ruff, H Nelson, J Draper, M AF Calhoun, G Ruff, H Nelson, J Draper, M BE Schmorrow, DD TI Survey of decision support control/display concepts: Classification, lessons learned, and application to unmanned aerial vehicle supervisory control SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Vol 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Augmented Cognition held in Conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction CY JUL 22-27, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB The majority of present day Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems require multiple operators to control a single UAV. Reducing the operator-to-vehicle ratio would reduce life-cycle costs and serve as a force multiplier. Thus, automation technology is under rapid development. The envisioned system involves multiple semi-autonomous UAVs being controlled by a single supervisor. However, it has been documented in studies of manned systems that increasing the use of automation can cause rapid and significant fluctuations in operator workload and can result in loss of operator situation awareness and performance. Decision Support Systems provide a method of supporting the human decision-making process so that the ability of the human to effectively interface with highly automated systems is facilitated. The Air Force Research Laboratory's Systems Control Interface Branch conducts research addressing human factors challenges associated with UAV operation. To date, research has focused on multi-sensory interfaces and advanced display visualization concepts. However, a new program is underway to design and evaluate situation assessment and decision support interface technologies to maximize flexible, fault-tolerant supervision of multiple intelligent semi-autonomous UAVs by a single operator. As a first step in designing decision support interfaces for UAVs, a survey of controls and displays used in decision support systems was conducted. This paper will describe the methodology used to conduct this survey, classify the major control and display decision support interfaces, and present results that bear on UAV supervisory control. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECI, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5806-7 PY 2005 BP 1156 EP 1164 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BDJ67 UT WOS:000233848700146 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R Campbell, A Neidhard, R Nykiel, E Cortez, R Stamper, K Calcatera, M AF Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R Campbell, A Neidhard, R Nykiel, E Cortez, R Stamper, K Calcatera, M TI A new ferroelectric varactor shunt switch for microwave and millimeter-wave reconfigurable circuits SO FREQUENZ LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric thin-film BST; tunable dielectric; ferroelectric varactor; varactor shunt switch; mcrowave/millimeterwave switch AB This paper presents a ferroelectric varactor shunt switch which can be useful for microwave/millimeterwave switching as well as for the design of reconfigurable circuits. The device operation is based on nonlinear dielectric tunability of a ferroelectric thin-film sandwiched between two metal layers in the parallel plate configuration. A CPW based design allows for MMIC compatible shunt switches with low insertion loss and high isolation. Experimental performance of the varactor shunt switch indicates good switching performance with similar to 24 dB isolation @41 GHz, and insertion loss below 7 dB up to 45 GHz. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Guru.Subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FACHVERLAG SCHIELE SCHON PI BERLIN PA MARKGRAFENSTRASSE 11, D-10969 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0016-1136 J9 FREQUENZ JI Frequenz PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1515/FREQ.2005.59.1-2.37 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 020NR UT WOS:000235916900008 ER PT S AU Hogsed, MR Ahoujja, M Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Petrosky, JC Hengehold, RL AF Hogsed, MR Ahoujja, M Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Petrosky, JC Hengehold, RL BE Wetzel, C Gil, B Kuzuhara, M Manfra, M TI Electrical and optical properties of 1 MeV-electron irradiated AlxGa1-xN SO GaN, AIN, InN and Their Alloys SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN, AIN, InN and Their Alloys held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GAN; DEFECT; DONOR AB The optical and electrical properties of Si doped GaN and Al0.20Ga0.80N films irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at a fluence of 1 x 10(17) cm(-2) are investigated using cathodoluminescence (CL), variable-temperature Hall-effect, and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. The CL spectra measured at 6 K show peak luminescence intensity of the near band edge decreases, on average, by 50% after electron irradiation, indicating the creation of non-radiative recombination centers which are stable at room temperature. At room temperature, the free carrier concentration decreases significantly in both the GaN and AlGaN samples following the irradiation, and the carrier removal rate depends strongly on the initial carrier concentration. DLTS measurements show three electron traps in the as-grown Al0.20Ga0.80N. Following 1 MeV electron irradiation of the Al0.20Ga0.80N sample, three additional electron traps labeled R2, R3, and R4 are observed. The first two traps appear to correspond to radiation-induced traps reported in GaN while the latter appears to be unique to AlGaN. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hogsed, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-779-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 831 BP 709 EP 714 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCT72 UT WOS:000231147200106 ER PT B AU Shapiro, JM Lamont, GB Peterson, GL AF Shapiro, Joseph M. Lamont, Gary B. Peterson, Gilbert L. BE Beyer, HG TI An evolutionary algorithm to generate hyper-ellipsoid detectors for negative selection SO GECCO 2005: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP ACM SIGEVO DE evolutionary computation; artificial immune systems; computational geometry; negative selection AB This paper introduces hyper-ellipsoids as an improvement to hyper-spheres as intrusion detectors in a negative selection problem within an artificial immune system. Since hyper-spheres are a specialization of hyper-ellipsoids, hyper-ellipsoids retain the benefits of hyper-spheres. However, hyper-ellipsoids are much more flexible, mostly in that they can be stretched and reoriented. The viability of using hyper-ellipsoids is established using several pedagogical problems. We conjecture that fewer hyper-ellipsoids than hyper-spheres are needed to achieve similar coverage of nonself space in a negative selection problem. Experimentation validates this conjecture. In pedagogical benchmark problems, the number of hyper-ellipsoids to achieve good results is significantly (similar to 50%) smaller than the associated number of hyper-spheres. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Shapiro, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-59593-010-8 PY 2005 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFI62 UT WOS:000242040700049 ER PT B AU Day, RO Nunez, AS Lamont, GB AF Day, Richard O. Nunez, Abel S. Lamont, Gary B. BE Beyer, HG TI MOEA design of robust digital symbol sets SO GECCO 2005: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP ACM SIGEVO DE algorithms; design; digital symbol set design; multiobjective evolutionary alg C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, RO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-59593-010-8 PY 2005 BP 2213 EP 2214 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFI62 UT WOS:000242040700339 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, F TI Encyclopedia of American military history SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Sonic St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3 BP 528 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2005.01.004 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 976WR UT WOS:000232764700013 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, Faye TI Andrew Jackson. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Sonic St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2005.04.001 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 067WK UT WOS:000239333100025 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, Faye TI Lyndon Baines Johnson. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Son St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2005.04.001 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 067WK UT WOS:000239333100018 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, Faye TI Harry S. Truman. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Son St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2005.04.001 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 067WK UT WOS:000239333100017 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, Faye TI American Presidents reference Series. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Son St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2005.04.001 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 067WK UT WOS:000239333100015 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, Faye TI Abraham Lincoln. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Son St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2005.04.001 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 067WK UT WOS:000239333100016 ER PT S AU Reis, GA Marasco, PL Havig, PR Heft, EL Goodyear, CD AF Reis, GA Marasco, PL Havig, PR Heft, EL Goodyear, CD BE Rash, CE TI Characterizing night vision goggle noise using the method of paired comparisons SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE night vision goggle; method of paired comparisons; simulation; noise; psychophysics; image intensifier tube AB Users of night vision goggles (NVGs) have reported differences in NVG noise across different as well as the same type of NVG. To better understand these differences, we attempted to characterize NVG noise by having subjects choose parameters in an NVG simulation to best match the noise in real NVGs. From our previous efforts, we observed interdependence of simulation parameters and variability across observers. This has lead us to use the method of paired comparisons as a process for characterizing NVG noise. The results suggest that people perceive NVG noise differently in terms of spatial, temporal, and contrast combinations. In addition, we provide a methodology for determining psychophysically the best parameter combinations in a simulation's algorithm to match the real environment that the simulation represents. C1 Air Force Res Lab, HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reis, GA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5785-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5800 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.602738 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCS55 UT WOS:000231052700002 ER PT S AU Havig, PR McIntire, JP Lump, N AF Havig, PR McIntire, JP Lump, N BE Rash, CE TI Effects of resolution and field of view on various digital kneeboard tasks SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE digital kneeboard; electronic flight bag; display; field of view; resolution AB As display technology moves forward, we are seeing the replacement of paper information in cockpits with digital information. Soon the stack of paper carried on the pilot's knee will be replaced with a digital kneeboard in which the information will not only be displayed, but also manipulated and changed. There are several options for viewing this information, including both a helmet-mounted display (HMD), a small display that rests on the knee (replacing its paper counterpart) or is mounted in the airframe. However, in either case the question arises as to what are the resolution and field-of-view requirements for optimal performance of various tasks. We examined the readability and task performance using the Antelope Technologies Rugged Handheld 01 display which has a resolution of 1024 x 768 (XGA), and the ADR model FG-8000 display with a resolution of 800 x 600 (SVGA). These two displays were used to manipulate the resolution variable as they were each used only in their native mode. Usability was tested with three different tasks at varying fields-of-view (FOV). The tasks required finding and reporting information displayed from: 1) aviation approach plates, 2) FalconView (TM) mission planning software, and 3) pseudo-checklists. For the checklist tasks we also manipulated font size to more precisely investigate readability. Results are discussed in terms of both FOV and resolution requirements for each of the tasks. Several recommendations are given for both display requirements as well as tests for examining usability of digital kneeboards. C1 AFRL, HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, PR (reprint author), AFRL, HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5785-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5800 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.603558 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCS55 UT WOS:000231052700009 ER PT S AU Franck, DL Parisi, VM AF Franck, DL Parisi, VM BE Rash, CE TI Visually coupled acquisition targeting system: The seven year flight history SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Visually Coupled Acquisition and Targeting System; helmet-mounted displays; helmet-mounted tracker; and displays head tracker; off-boresight cueing AB The Visually Coupled Acquisition Targeting System (VCATS) was initiated by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Air Combat Command (ACC) to perform the risk reduction activities for developing a helmet-mounted tracker/display (HMT/D) in the air-to-air engagement arena. VCATS started as a one-year Operational Utility Evaluation (OLTE) at Nellis Air Force Base (AFB), but expanded into a seven-year OUE, examining the human performance issues and the operational impacts of using an HMT/D for aircrews (See Figure 1). The VCATS system was designed and built with foresight and flexibility to allow upgrades more easily as technology and operational concepts evolved. This paper will trace this evolution of the VCATS system through initial design concept, system upgrades, technology transitions, and lessons learned. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Franck, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5785-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5800 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.1117/12.605540 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCS55 UT WOS:000231052700017 ER PT S AU Wales, JG Marasco, PL AF Wales, JG Marasco, PL BE Rash, CE TI Assessment of an optically stimulated infrared emission from image intensifier tube photocathodes SO Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X: Technologies and Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays X CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE night vision; goggles; NVG; photocathode; near infrared; NIR; emission; image intensifier tube AB Anecdotal evidence suggested that bright, night-vision imaging system (NVIS) compatible, green cockpit displays could cause a veiling luminance in night-vision goggles (NVGs) and degrade visual performance. The mechanism suspected of causing this veiling luminance was an infrared emission from the image intensifier tube photocathode stimulated by visible, NVIS compatible light. This paper describes an effort to measure this stimulated infrared emission from three different image intensifier tubes. Measurements of the emission were analyzed with respect to tube age, the wavelength of incident illumination, and illumination angle of incidence. The emission was found during certain combinations of light wavelengths, angles, and intensities. However, results suggest that this phenomenon is not sufficiently strong to cause observable veiling luminance in NVGs. C1 AFRL, Res Lab, Battlespace Visualizat Branch, HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wales, JG (reprint author), AFRL, Res Lab, Battlespace Visualizat Branch, HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5785-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5800 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.608731 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCS55 UT WOS:000231052700020 ER PT B AU Hay, RS Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P AF Hay, RS Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P BE Singh, M Kerans, RJ LaraCurzio, E Naslain, R TI Improved sol and solution-derived fiber coatings SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Models - Third Dimension of Science CY SEP 16, 2003 CL Munich, GERMANY ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; OXIDE COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ALUMINA; SILICON; NEXTEL(TM)-720; INTERFACES AB Extensive sol and solution-derived coating deposition studies on continuous fiber tows have been done. An overview of the fiber coating work done on monazite (LaPO4) fiber coatings for ceramic fiber-matrix composites is presented. Coating precursor characteristics that favor good coating uniformity and texture, hermeticity, and high coated fiber strength are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 1-57498-219-2 PY 2005 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBR96 UT WOS:000227494006008 ER PT B AU Hay, RS Mogilevsky, P AF Hay, RS Mogilevsky, P BE Singh, M Kerans, RJ LaraCurzio, E Naslain, R TI Deformation mechanisms in some refractory phosphates and tungstates SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Models - Third Dimension of Science CY SEP 16, 2003 CL Munich, GERMANY ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; MONAZITE; COATINGS; ALUMINA AB Scheelite (tetragonal CaWO(4)) and monazite (monoclinic LaPO(4)) are complex refractory oxides that are relatively soft and easily deformed. This makes them useful as oxidation resistant fiber-matrix interfaces in ceramic matrix composites. They are also candidate materials for high temperature applications where machinability or impact resistance is desirable. Deformation mechanisms that occur during indentation were characterized by TEM for polycrystalline monazite, and for both polycrystalline and single crystal scheelite. Cleavage planes, slip systems, and deformation twinning modes were observed. Unusual features such as kinked twins and climb-dissociated dislocations are observed. Current knowledge of deformation mechanisms in these materials is summarized. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 1-57498-219-2 PY 2005 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBR96 UT WOS:000227494006043 ER PT B AU Parthasarathy, TA Jefferson, G Kerans, RJ AF Parthasarathy, TA Jefferson, G Kerans, RJ BE Singh, M Kerans, RJ LaraCurzio, E Naslain, R TI Design of ceramic composites to minimize stresses during service SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Models - Third Dimension of Science CY SEP 16, 2003 CL Munich, GERMANY AB It is suggested that transitioning composites to components in service can be accelerated and the utility enhanced if the composites themselves are designed for the local requirements of each particular application. Two examples are presented where the choice of constituents and fiber architecture as design parameters of ceramic composites were explored. In both applications, in addition to fabrication and testing, FEM modeling was found useful to gain insights into effects of design variables, which help in optimization and in avoiding unintended deleterious effects. Issues related to designing hybrid composites with graded constituent profiles are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 1-57498-219-2 PY 2005 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBR96 UT WOS:000227494006044 ER PT B AU Zawada, L Richardson, G Spriet, P AF Zawada, L Richardson, G Spriet, P BE Singh, M Kerans, RJ LaraCurzio, E Naslain, R TI Ceramic matrix composites for aerospace turbine engine exhaust nozzles SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Models - Third Dimension of Science CY SEP 16, 2003 CL Munich, GERMANY AB Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are able to withstand extensive high temperature thermal cycling with little degradation or physical distortion. It is this behavior, along with their low density, that make them attractive materials for augmentor components of modern military turbofan engines that utilize an afterburner. For the last decade CMCs have been aggressively pursued for applications in the afterburner module such as exhaust nozzle liner divergent flaps and seals. flameholders, and various thermal shield components. This paper reviews efforts that evaluated CMC hardware in three different aerospace turbine engines as augmentor exhaust nozzle components. Lessons learned will be presented, and will address: nozzle design and environment, ground testing, flight experience, damage mechanisms, and economics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zawada, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 1-57498-219-2 PY 2005 BP 491 EP 498 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBR96 UT WOS:000227494006079 ER PT S AU Kell, JW Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Locke, MF Campbell, TA Varanasi, CV Brunke, LB AF Kell, JW Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Locke, MF Campbell, TA Varanasi, CV Brunke, LB BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Processing and characterization of (Y1-x Tb-x)Ba2Cu3O7-z superconducting thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB REBa2Cu3O7-z, (REI 23) superconductors are being considered for applications of thin film coated conductors because of their high critical transition temperatures (T-c) (similar to 92 K), and high critical current density (J(c)) at 77 K in applied magnetic fields. This paper considers the partial substitution-of Tb in the (Tb-1-x(x))Ba2Cu3O7-z ((Y,Tb)] 23) structure (x = 0.01 and 0.1) to enhance flux pinning. Tb has normal valence states of +3, +4 which can substitute for Y which has a normal valence state of +3. The crystal ionic radii of Tb(+3) is 1.04 Angstrom which is quite close to the ionic radii of Y(+3) of 1.02 Angstrom. Tb123 normally is processed as a non-superconducting phase; therefore, substitution of Tb123 for Y123 into a bulk or thin film superconductor has the potential to create localized regions of size on the order of one unit cell or larger of either reduced Tc regions or potential site defects. Such regions can provide the non-superconducting pinning centers with-particle densities approaching 1.5-3x10(11) cm(-2) which are necessary to pin magnetic fields of similar to3-6 T. This paper considers the properties of (Y,Tb)123 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Properties of the films including T, and the magnetic field dependence of J(c), at 77 K will be presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kell, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 2645 5th St,Ste 13,Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500002 ER PT S AU Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Sathiraju, S Yust, NA Barnes, PN Varanasi, C AF Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Sathiraju, S Yust, NA Barnes, PN Varanasi, C BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Pulsed laser deposition of Nd doped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) films SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID LATTICE-MISMATCH; THIN-FILMS AB In this study, experiments were conducted to incorporate Nd into YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta\) (YBCO) thin films through pulsed laser ablation of a (Y(0.6)Nd(0.4))Ba(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) target. The processing conditions to get high T(c) films were found to deviate from the standard conditions that are generally used for undoped YBCO films and so considerable process optimization was required. Characterization results of the best films obtained so far are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tolliver, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500004 ER PT S AU Sathiraju, S Levin, GA Murphy, JP Maartense, I Peterson, TL Campbell, T Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Sathiraju, S Levin, GA Murphy, JP Maartense, I Peterson, TL Campbell, T Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Pulsed laser deposition of (Y1-xCax)Ba2NbO6 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) buffer layers SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DENSITY; FILMS AB The growth optimization of Y1-xCaxBa2NbO6 (YCBNO), x, = 0.0 0. 1.0.2,0.4, thin films on LaAlO3 (100) and MgO (100) single crystals as well as ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of MgO buffered Hastelloy substrates has been investigated using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction confirms the epitaxial growth of highly 400 oriented YBNO thin films on single crystal substrates and IBAD MgO buffered Inconel substrates,for x =0.0 and 0.1. For x > 0.1 Ca doping, 220 oriented growth dominated.. Atomic force microscopy studies of the surface morphology revealed that the best average surface roughness of the YBNO films deposited on buffered substrates is 2nm, and with increasing Ca content the surface roughness increases considerably. The Critical temperature (T-c) of YBa2Cu3O7-x (Y-123) thin films deposited on these YBNO buffer layers ranges from 80 to 87 1(. The results presented here are preliminary in nature. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Natl Res Council, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Sathiraju, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Natl Res Council, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500006 ER PT S AU Sathiraju, S Varanasi, CV Yust, NA Brunke, LB Barnes, PN AF Sathiraju, S Varanasi, CV Yust, NA Brunke, LB Barnes, PN BE Paranthaman, MP Barnes, PN Holzpfel, B Yamada, Y Matsumoto, K Yau, JKF TI Growth of Ba2YNbO6 buffer layers by pulsed laser deposition on bi-axially textured Ni alloy and Cu-alloy substrates SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID COATED CONDUCTORS; TAPES AB Epitaxial growth of Ba2YNbO6 (BYNO) thin film's on biaxially textured Ni, Ni-W alloy and Cu-Fe alloy substrates is reported.. Commercially available Ni and,Ni-W alloy substrates with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 6 - 7degrees biaxial texture were used. A highly textured Cu-Fe alloy substrate with FWHM of 5 -7.5degrees was produced using the RABiTS process. BYNO films deposited on these Cu-Fe substrates have 8-10degrees FWHM texture. An attempt was made to deposit YBa2Cu3O7-x (Y-123) films, on these buffer layers. Surface morphology of BYNO films and Y-123 films were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sathiraju, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-181-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 160 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBP67 UT WOS:000226903500008 ER PT S AU Houchin, RF AF Houchin, RF BE Elder, DC James, GS TI Doctrine and dyna-soar: Origins of USAF manned military spacecraft SO History of Rocketry and Astronautics SE AAS HISTORY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st History Symposium of the International-Academy-of-Astronautics CY OCT 06-10, 1997 CL Turin, ITALY SP Int Acad Astronaut C1 USAF, Dept AF, Hist Support Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 0-87703-518-0 J9 AAS HIST S PY 2005 VL 26 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BCO84 UT WOS:000230451700021 ER PT B AU Born, FH Bosco, WA AF Born, FH Bosco, WA BE Hamza, MH TI Seamless integration of stovepiped data sources for a webbased program management system SO IASTED International Conference on Web Technologies, Applications, and Services LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Web Technologies, Applications, and Services CY JUL 04-06, 2005 CL Calgary, CANADA DE web enterprise systems; design collaboration; web reporting; case file management; data sharing and best practices AB The Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) in Rome, NY manages multi-million dollar technical research programs funded by the Air Force and other federal agencies. Contracts with corporations and universities accomplish the bulk of this research work. The administrative workload involved with the oversight of these contracts prompted the need for automated tools to assist in the management process. In response to this need, the Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) developed a web-based program management tool for report submission, document sharing, technical collaboration, internal management, and electronic case file management. This paper will address issues surrounding the development of the web-based program management system (called Jiffy), and in particular, the issues involved with interfacing several stove-piped data systems that preexisted Jiffy. The paper will also discuss lessons learned through successful implementation of the tool across the Information Directorate of AFRL and some lessons learned via the school of hard knocks during the deployment of the tool to the entire Air Force Research Laboratory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFGA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Born, FH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFGA, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-483-7 PY 2005 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDG41 UT WOS:000233374000017 ER PT J AU Pravec, P Harris, AW Scheirich, P Kusnirak, P Sarounova, L Hergenrother, CW Mottola, S Hicks, MD Masi, G Krugly, YN Shevchenko, VG Nolan, MC Howell, ES Kaasalainen, M Galad, A Brown, P DeGraff, DR Lambert, JV Cooney, WR Foglia, S AF Pravec, P Harris, AW Scheirich, P Kusnirak, P Sarounova, L Hergenrother, CW Mottola, S Hicks, MD Masi, G Krugly, YN Shevchenko, VG Nolan, MC Howell, ES Kaasalainen, M Galad, A Brown, P DeGraff, DR Lambert, JV Cooney, WR Foglia, S TI Tumbling asteroids SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solar System Remote Sensing CY SEP 20-22, 2002 CL Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA SP NASA, Planetary Geol & Geophys Program, Lunar & Planetary Inst HO Univ Pittsburgh DE asteroids; excited rotation; photometry ID NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS; FAST-ROTATING ASTEROIDS; 4179 TOUTATIS; LIGHTCURVE OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; COMPLEX ROTATION; CCD PHOTOMETRY; SLOW ROTATION; SPIN-STATE; MODEL AB We present both a review of earlier data and new results on non-principal axis rotators (tumblers) among asteroids. Among new tumblers found, the best data we have are for 2002 TD60, 2000 WL107, and (54789) 2001 MZ(7)-each of them shows a lightcurve with two frequencies (full terms with linear combinations of the two frequencies are present in the lightcurve). For 2002 TD60, we have constructed a physical model of the NPA rotation. Other recent objects which have been found to be likely tumblers based on their lightcurves that do not fit with a single periodicity are 2002 NY40, (16067) 1999 RH27, and (5645) 1990 SP. We have done a statistical analysis of the present sample of the population of NPA rotators. It appears that most asteroids larger than similar to 0.4 km with estimated damping timescales (Harris, 1994, Icarus 107, 209) of 4.5 byr and longer are NPA rotators. The statistic of two short-period tumblers (D = 0.04 and 0.4 km) with non-zero tensile strength suggests that for them the quantity muQ/T, where mu is the mechanical rigidity, Q is the elastic dissipation factor, and T is a spin excitation age (i.e., a time elapsed since the last significant spin excitation event), is greater by two to four orders of magnitude than the larger, likely rubble-pile tumblers. Among observational conditions and selection effects affecting detections of NPA rotations, there is a bias against detection of low-amplitude (small elongation) tumblers. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. DLR, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Campo Cantino Observ, I-03016 Guarcino, Italy. Kharkiv Natl Univ, Astron Inst, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Univ Helsinki, Rolf Nevantina Inst, Dept Math, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Comenius Univ, FMFI, Modra Observ, Astron Inst, Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Alfred Univ, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. USAF, Maui Opt Supercomp Facil, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Blackberry Observ, Port Allen, LA 70767 USA. Serafino Zani Observ, I-25065 Lumezzane, Italy. RP Pravec, P (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Astron Inst, Fricova 1, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM ppravec@asu.cas.cz RI Nolan, Michael/H-4980-2012; Pravec, Petr/G-9037-2014; Scheirich, Peter/H-4331-2014; Galad, Adrian/G-9011-2014; Kaasalainen, Mikko/G-4236-2014; Shevchenko, Vasilij/H-1366-2011 OI Nolan, Michael/0000-0001-8316-0680; Scheirich, Peter/0000-0001-8518-9532; Shevchenko, Vasilij/0000-0003-1000-223X NR 51 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2005 VL 173 IS 1 BP 108 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.021 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 892EE UT WOS:000226631900009 ER PT B AU Derov, JS Turchinetz, BW Crisman, EW Drehman, AJ Best, SR AF Derov, J. S. Turchinetz, B. W. Crisman, E. E. Drehman, A. J. Best, S. R. BE Bonefacic, D TI Measured polarization response of negative index metamaterial SO ICECom 2005: 18th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications, Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications held Jointly with COST 284 Workshop CY OCT 12-14, 2005 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP IEEE, Reg 8 Croatia Sect, AP/MTT Croatia Joint Chapter, COST 284, Fac Elect Engn Comp, Univ Zagreb, Royal Inst Navigat, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, KoREMA, T-Mobile Hrvatska, Minist Sci & Technol Republic Croatia, VIPmet, ACE, Univ Dubrovnik, Croatian Telecomm Agcy ID REFRACTION AB Free space microwave measurements are reported of a split ring and post type metamaterial that exhibits negative index of refraction in a frequency band near 13.5 GHz. Varying azimuthal angles and magnitudes are achieved by changing the polarization of the transmitter and receiver relative to each other and to the anisotropic material. The amplitude of the cross-polarized transmission has been measured at 50% of the copolarization level. This polarization conversion is a significant loss mechanism. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Derov, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREMA PI ZAGREB PA UNSKA 3, ZAGREB, 00000, CROATIA BN 953-6037-44-0 PY 2005 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BEI79 UT WOS:000237387200075 ER PT B AU Tomasic, B Turtle, J Liu, S AF Tomasic, Boris Turtle, John Liu, Shiang BE Bonefacic, D TI Spherical arrays - Design considerations SO ICECom 2005: 18th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications, Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications held Jointly with COST 284 Workshop CY OCT 12-14, 2005 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP IEEE, Reg 8 Croatia Sect, AP/MTT Croatia Joint Chapter, COST 284, Fac Elect Engn Comp, Univ Zagreb, Royal Inst Navigat, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, KoREMA, T-Mobile Hrvatska, Minist Sci & Technol Republic Croatia, VIPmet, ACE, Univ Dubrovnik, Croatian Telecomm Agcy AB In this paper we present design trade-offs of array architectures for hemispherical coverage. We show that a spherical array geometry is the optimal choice for this application in terms of performance and cost. It is a natural array geometry that provides scan-independent hemispherical coverage with a uniform gain pattern. We also show that a spherical array requires fewer elements than a comparable multi-planar phased array with significantly larger instantaneous bandwidths, lower polarization and mismatch losses. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREMA PI ZAGREB PA UNSKA 3, ZAGREB, 00000, CROATIA BN 953-6037-44-0 PY 2005 BP 487 EP 494 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BEI79 UT WOS:000237387200116 ER PT B AU Zhang, SF Zhang, XC Meng, QY AF Zhang, SF Zhang, XC Meng, QY BE Cheng, M Lin, H TI The research of multiple-output SR-Forward converter with voltage regulation SO ICEMS 2005: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2005) CY SEP 27-29, 2005 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Elect Soc, Chinese Soc Elect Engn, Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE Beijing Sect, Korean Inst Elect Engineering, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, SE Univ, Nanjing Turbine & Elect Mach Grp Co Ltd, Jiangsu Elect Power Co DE multiple-output; synchronous rectifier (SR); PWM regulator AB The design principle of a kind of SR multiple-output DC/DC converter is discussed in this paper, based on the single end forward converter. The one-cycle control method of forward converter duty-ratio is explained. A new type of secondary loop SR-PWM regulator with SR-Buck structure is brought forward in this paper, which has concisely achieved multiple-outputs. C1 USAF, Radar Acad, Dept 3, Wuhan 430019, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, SF (reprint author), USAF, Radar Acad, Dept 3, Wuhan 430019, Peoples R China. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI HONG KONG PA UNIT 1205, 12 FLOOR, SINO PLAZA, 255 GLOUCESTER ROAD, HONG KONG 00000, CAUSEWAY BAY, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5062-7407-8 PY 2005 BP 1332 EP 1335 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDV24 UT WOS:000235646001097 ER PT S AU Chun, YB Semiatin, SL Hwang, SK AF Chun, YB Semiatin, SL Hwang, SK BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Role of deformation twinning in cold rolling and recrystallization of titanium SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE titanium; deformation twin; cold rolling; recrystallization; texture ID MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; TEXTURE; ZR AB The evolution of microstructure and texture during cold rolling and recrystallization annealing of commercial-purity Ti (CP-Ti) was established. Cold rolling to 40% reduction activated mechanical twinning-mostly {1122} < 1123 > compressive twins and {1012} < 1011 > tensile twins. The formation of twins resulted in an inhomogeneous microstructure, in which only the localized regions containing twins were refined and the regions deformed by slip remained coarse. The twinned grains, containing high stored energy and numerous high-angle grain boundaries, became the preferential sites of nucleation during subsequent recrystallization. During recrystallization heat treatment at 500 similar to 700 degrees C, the cold-rolling texture (phi(1)=0 degrees, Phi=35 degrees, phi(2)=30) diminished in intensity, whereas a recrystallization texture component (phi(1)=15 degrees, Phi=35 degrees, phi(2)=35 degrees) appeared. The recrystallization heat treatment temperature affected the rate of recrystallization but not the texture characteristics per se. During the subsequent grain growth stage, the recrystallization texture component increased. This behavior was attributed to the growth of larger-than-average grains of this particular crystal orientation. C1 Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea. AFRL, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chun, YB (reprint author), Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 253 Yonghyundong, Inchon 402751, South Korea. EM borobang@daum.com; lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil; skhwang2@inha.ac.kr NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 651 EP 656 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400099 ER PT J AU Morton, YT French, MP Zhou, Q Tsui, JBY Lin, DM Miller, MM Janning, D AF Morton, YT French, MP Zhou, Q Tsui, JBY Lin, DM Miller, MM Janning, D TI Software approach to access UWB interference on GPS receivers SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Ever since the FCC approved the use of UWB devices in commercial and federal bands, various agencies whose operations and/or products rely on the integrity of signals within certain "restricted" radio frequency bands have voiced concerns over the potential impact of the UWB interference. GPS signals are among these "restricted" bands. Several groups in the GPS community have conducted experimental studies concerning the impact of UWB interference on the performance of various grades of commercial and aviation GPS receivers. In this paper, we present a software approach to simulate and evaluate UWB interference on GPS receivers. The software approach provides greater flexibility in the design of testing scenarios, such as the inclusion of a large number of aggregated UWB devices, the generation of new UWB signals and modulation schemes, and the possibility of extending the study to new GPS signals. The paper will discuss a general framework for developing algorithms to evaluate UWB and GPS interference under a wide variety of hardware and software conditions. This framework consists of three classes of components: Input, Processing, and Analysis. The input components are responsible for the generation of UWB signal waveforms and modulation schemes, and GPS signals. The processing components include a simulated model of GPS RF front end and software implementation of GPS processing blocks, such as acquisition, tracking, and post-processing. The Analysis components focus on the study of specific receiver processing component outputs. Both real and simulated UWB signals can be used in the study. The real UWB signals are primarily used to validate the simulation procedure, whereas the simulated UWB signals are used to allow the immediate incorporation of new UWB waveforms and modulations in the evaluations. This paper will present details of the software components developed and the preliminary results achieved. C1 Miami Univ, Sch Engn & App Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morton, YT (reprint author), Miami Univ, Sch Engn & App Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1109/MAES.2005.1396792 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 886VE UT WOS:000226260100006 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Wood, AH AF Huang, JQ Wood, AH TI Numerical simulation of electromagnetic scattering induced by an overfilled cavity in the ground plane SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE finite element method; Fourier transform; overfilled cavity; scattering ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; ANTENNAS; DEEP AB A finite element method (FEM) is implemented to analyze the scattering of a plane wave incident on a two-dimensional (2-D) overfilled cavity embedded in the infinite ground plane. The algorithm is based on a variational formulation where an artificial boundary condition is introduced on a hemisphere enclosing the cavity that couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those inside. Since the problem is solved exactly in the exterior domain, the radar cross section (RCS) can be computed efficiently. Our numerical solutions compare well with existing results. The perfect link over the artificial boundary between the FEM approximation in the interior and analytical solution in the exterior indicates the reliability of the method. A convergence analysis is also performed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, JQ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Junqi.Huang@afit.edu; Aihua.Wood@afit.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2005 VL 4 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2005.851101 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 023KD UT WOS:000236124700059 ER PT B AU Linnehan, R Brady, D Schindler, J Perlovsky, L Rangaswamy, M AF Linnehan, R Brady, D Schindler, J Perlovsky, L Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE TI Multi-dimensional aperture design and analysis for SAR using the Cramer-Rao theorem SO IEEE CAMSAP 2005: First International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing CY DEC 13-15, 2005 CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We are applying the Cramer-Rao theorem to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing in order to establish flight paths that permit height estimation and minimize errors in reflectivity measurements. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) establishes a lower bound on the error variance of unbiased estimates. Error bounds are developed for multi-dimensional synthetic apertures that improve the overall performance and efficiency of monostatic, single-pass SAR missions. A computationally efficient means for the design and analysis of SAR waveforms is proposed using simulated scattering models that are limited in size. A comparison made with the error bounds for standard SAR show that estimates of scatterer range and cross-range positions are sufficiently accurate for multi-dimensional aperture SAR, even with the additional estimator for height. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9322-8 PY 2005 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDX40 UT WOS:000235937100002 ER PT B AU Wicks, MC Himed, B Bracken, LJE Bascom, H Clancy, J AF Wicks, MC Himed, B Bracken, LJE Bascom, H Clancy, J GP IEEE TI Ultra narrow band adaptive tomographic radar SO IEEE CAMSAP 2005: First International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing CY DEC 13-15, 2005 CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper addresses the issue of spatial diversity in radar applications. Typically, information concerning ground and air targets is obtained via monostatic radar. Increased information is often equated with increased bandwidth in these radar systems. However, geometric diversity obtained through multistatic radar operations also affords the user the opportunity to obtain additional information concerning threat targets. With the appropriate signal processing, this translates directly into increased probability of detection and reduced probability of false alarm. In the extreme case, only discrete Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) frequencies of operation may be available for both commercial and military applications. With limited spectrum, UNB in the limiting case, the need for geometric diversity becomes imperative. This occurs because the electromagnetic spectrum available for commercial and military radar applications is continuously being eroded while the need for increased information via radio frequency (RF) detection of threat targets is increasing. In addition, geometric diversity improves target position accuracy and image resolution which would otherwise remain unavailable with monostatic radar. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9322-8 PY 2005 BP 36 EP 39 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDX40 UT WOS:000235937100010 ER PT J AU Malowicki, JE Fanto, ML Hayduk, MJ Delfyett, PJ AF Malowicki, JE Fanto, ML Hayduk, MJ Delfyett, PJ TI Harmonically mode-locked glass waveguide laser with 21-fs timing jitter SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE active mode-locking; erbium-doped; optical analog-to-digital conversion (ADC); timing jitter; waveguide laser ID TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER; DIODE RING LASER; NOISE AB We report on experimental jitter results of a 10-GHz mode-locked laser. The laser is an actively harmonically mode-locked fiber laser using an erbium-doped glass waveguide as the gain medium. Amplitude noise and corresponding phase noise effects are greatly reduced by the. inclusion of an intracavity high-finesse fiber Fabry-Perot etalon. Topical results show timing jitter of 21-fs root mean square, integrated from 10 Hz to 100 MHz. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Malowicki, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM John.Malowicki@rl.af.mil NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.837734 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 884DB UT WOS:000226063700013 ER PT J AU Jiang, YQ Howley, B Shi, Z Zhou, QJ Chen, RT Chen, MY Brost, G Lee, C AF Jiang, YQ Howley, B Shi, Z Zhou, QJ Chen, RT Chen, MY Brost, G Lee, C TI Dispersion-enhanced photonic crystal fiber array for a true time-delay structured X-band phased array antenna SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical true time delay (TTD); phased array antenna (PAA); photonic crystal fiber (PCF); wavelength tuning ID DESIGN AB Tunable optical true time-delay modules based on highly dispersive photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are demonstrated to provide continuous radio-frequency squint-free beam scanning for an X-band (8-12 GHz) phased array antenna system. The dispersion of the fabricated PCF is as high as -600 ps/nm (.) km at 1550 nm. The time delay is continuously tunable from -31 to 31 ps between adjacent delay lines by tuning the laser wavelength continuously from 1528 to 1560 run. The far field radiation patterns of a 1 x 4 subarray were measured from -45degrees to 45degrees scanning angles. Squint-free operation is experimentally confirmed. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Omega Opt, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Jiang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM chen@ece.utexas.edu NR 9 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 187 EP 189 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.838623 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 884DB UT WOS:000226063700062 ER PT J AU Best, SR AF Best, SR TI A discussion on the quality factor of impedance matched electrically small wire antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electrically small antennas; quality factor; wire antennas AB The quality factors of several impedance matched, electrically small wire antennas are compared as a function of matching technique and antenna geometry. The antennas considered have the same height and wire diameter, and they are designed to be self-resonant at approximately the same frequency. The antennas are impedance matched to a nominal 50 Ohm characteristic impedance using either a parallel stub, lossless reactive network or lossless transformer. It is shown that the quality factors of the antennas are essentially the same, and for the most parts independent of the matching technique and differences in the antenna geometry. The quality factor of the impedance matched, electrically small antenna is primarily established by the antenna's height and effective volume. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Best, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM steven.best@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.837107 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 886VT UT WOS:000226261600030 ER PT J AU Hong, L Cui, NZ Pronobis, M Scott, S AF Hong, L Cui, NZ Pronobis, M Scott, S TI Local motion feature aided ground moving target tracking with GMTI and HRR measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE data association; feature aided target tracking; ground moving target indicator (GMTI)/high resolution range (HRR) measurements; local motion features AB Tracking ground moving targets with ground moving target indicator (GMTI) measurements only could face a potential problem of losing tracks or track mingling, if the targets move together within the range of GMTI sensing uncertainty for an extended period of time. We propose a remedy for this problem by using local motion features extracted from high resolution range (HRR) profiles to assist data association. Unlike other HRR features. the new local motion features cam, both spatial and temporal information and are ideal for feature aided tracking. A probabilistic logic based tracker is developed for local motion feature aided tracking. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lhong@cs.wright.edu NR 13 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1109/TAC.2004.841119 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 887ZE UT WOS:000226343200016 ER PT J AU Robertson, MA Stevenson, RL AF Robertson, MA Stevenson, RL TI DCT quantization noise in compressed images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compressed image post-processing; discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient distributions; DCT quantization noise; image restoration ID BLOCKING ARTIFACTS; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; CODED IMAGES; REDUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; COEFFICIENTS; RESTORATION; PROJECTION AB In lossy image compression schemes utilizing the discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantization of the DCT coefficients introduces error in the image representation and a loss of signal information. At high compression ratios, this introduced error produces visually undesirable compression artifacts that can dramatically lower the perceived quality of a particular image. This paper provides a spatial domain model of the quantization error based on a statistical noise model of the error introduced when quantizing the DCT coefficients. The resulting theoretically derived spatial domain quantization noise model shows that in general the compression noise in the spatial domain is both correlated and spatially varying. This provides some justification to many of the ad hoc artifact removal filters that have been proposed. More importantly, the proposed noise model can be incorporated in a post-processing algorithm that correctly incorporates the spatial correction of the quantizer error. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Univ Notre Dame, LISA, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Robertson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 28 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8215 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1109/TCSVT.2004.839995 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 884RZ UT WOS:000226105000003 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Rhoads, GL Tolliver, JC Sumption, MD Schmaeman, KW AF Barnes, PN Rhoads, GL Tolliver, JC Sumption, MD Schmaeman, KW TI Compact, lightweight, superconducting power generators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Electronmagnetic Launch Technology Symposium CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE generators; high-temperature superconductors; superconducting filaments and wires; superconducting tapes ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; REDUCTION AB Many future military systems will depend heavily on high electrical power input ranging from hundreds of kilowatts up to the multimegawatt level. These weapon systems include electromagnetic launch applications as well as electrically driven directed energy weapons (DEW), such as high-power microwaves and solid-state lasers. These power generation subsystems must often be packaged using limited space and strict weight limits on either ground mobile or airborne platforms. Superconducting generators made of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) will enable megawatt-class airborne power systems that are lightweight and compact. Also discussed briefly are new advances in HTS conductors and refrigeration systems furthering the development of HTS power systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.Barnes@wpafb.af.mil; Greg.Rhoads@wpafb.af.mil; Justin.Tolliver@wpafb.af.mil; mdsumption+@osu.edu; Kevin.Schmaeman@afrl.af.mil RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838984 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 887YW UT WOS:000226342400024 ER PT B AU Scalione, T De Luccia, F Cymerman, J Johnson, E McCarthy, JK Olejniczak, D AF Scalione, T De Luccia, F Cymerman, J Johnson, E McCarthy, JK Olejniczak, D GP IEEE TI VIIRS initial performance verification - Subassembly, early integration and ambient phase I testing of EDU SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE nPOESS; VIIRS; remote sensing; infrared; visible; imagery; radiometry AB This paper will examine the initial results of performance verification testing of the first VIIRS sensor, the Engineering Development Unit (EDU). The EDU was completed and began the initial stages of integration testing in late 2004. As the EDU progresses through ambient and thermal vacuum testing, test data are collected, analyzed, and evaluated. Raytheon SBRS evaluates the data for compliance with sensor specifications. Northrop Grumman evaluates the data to ensure the 21 NPOESS System EDRs to which the VIIRS sensor contributes are satisfied. Initial performance estimates that have been derived from sensor models and updated based. on subassembly testing are then measured against test data, at each stage of the test plan. C1 USAF, NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Scalione, T (reprint author), USAF, NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600028 ER PT S AU Sabo, MD Cain, S AF Sabo, MD Cain, S BE Dougherty, ER Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI Registration techniques for speckle suppression in 2-D LADAR image sequences SO Image Processing: Algorithms and Systems IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems IV CY JAN 17-18, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE AB Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate has constructed and tested a coherent imaging system. The Laservision coherent imaging system resolution goals arc compatible with long range target identification based on the image characteristics of the target. The system received reflected coherent light from the laser using an optical telescope, which fed a CCD detector to collect the scene intensity. Registration of individual images remains a significant problem in the generation of accurate images collected using coherent imaging systems. An investigation of the performance of an image registration algorithm was conducted using dates collected from a, coherent optical imaging. The algorithm under study was implemented on a general-purpose computer running the MATLAB simulation environment. This paper documents the performance of the proposed technique compared to that of the cross-correlation algorithm. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabo, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5645-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5672 BP 82 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.588336 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCC98 UT WOS:000228690400007 ER PT J AU Singh, VK Shafran, RL Inal, CE Jackson, WE Whitnall, MH AF Singh, VK Shafran, RL Inal, CE Jackson, WE Whitnall, MH TI Effects of whole-body gamma irradiation and 5-androstenediol administration on serum G-CSF SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 5-androstenediol; cytokines; cytokine array; ELISA; G-CSF; hematopoiesis; Luminex; radiation injury ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; ATTENUATES INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; PIG ADRENAL-CORTEX; RADIATION-INJURY; SEPTIC PATIENTS; GRANULOCYTE; MICE; CYTOKINES; NEUTROPENIA; MODULATION AB 5-Androstenediol (5-AED) is a natural circulating adrenocortical steroid hormone that inter-converts in vivo with other members of the 5-androstene family of steroids: dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-androstenetriol. These steroids stimulate immune responses and resistance to infection. 5-AED has been identified as a systemic radiation countermeasure that enhances survival in mice exposed to gamma irradiation and ameliorates radiation-induced neutropenia in mice and nonhuman primates. 5-AED mitigates radiation-induced decreases in platelets, natural killer (NK) cells, red blood cells, and monocytes. Administration of 5-AED causes functional activation of circulating granulocytes (phagocytic ability), monocytes (oxidative burst), and NK cells (surface CD11b expression). The effects of 5-AED on survival and hematological parameters are consistent with induction of hematopoietic cytokines. To test this hypothesis, we measured serum cytokines by ELISA, Luminex, and a cytokine array. A cytokine array was used for 62 different cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble receptors. 5-AED caused significant increases in circulating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in irradiated and unirradiated animals as observed with ELISA and Luminex. The cytokine array results suggest induction of G-CSF and additional cytokines, and related molecules. Since G-CSF is an important hematopoietic cytokine, the results support our hypothesis that the previously observed increases in numbers of hematopoietic progenitors, circulating innate immune cells and platelets, and functional activation of granulocytes, monocytes, and NK cells result from a cytokine cascade induced by 5-AED. C1 USAF, Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Casualtly Management Team, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USUHS, Dept Radiat Biol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Singh, VK (reprint author), USAF, Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Casualtly Management Team, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM singh@afrri.usuhs.mil NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 2005 VL 27 IS 4 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1080/08923970500416707 PG 14 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 003AN UT WOS:000234654100001 PM 16435574 ER PT S AU Crider, D Lowry, H Nicholson, R Mead, K AF Crider, D Lowry, H Nicholson, R Mead, K BE Holst, GC TI Uncertainty analysis of the AEDC 7V chamber SO Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; measurement uncertainty ID TECHNOLOGIES AB For over 30 years, the Space Systems Test Facility and space chambers at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) have been used to perform space sensor characterization, calibration, and mission simulation testing of space-based, interceptor, and airborne sensors. In partnership with the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), capability upgrades are continuously pursued to keep pace with evolving sensor technologies. Upgrades to sensor test facilities require rigorous facility characterization and calibration activities that are part of AEDC's annual activities to comply with Major Range Test Facility Base processes to ensure quality metrology and test data. This paper discusses the ongoing effort to characterize and quantify Aerospace Chamber 7V measurement uncertainties. The 7V Chamber is a state-of-the-art cryogenic/vacuum facility providing calibration and high-fidelity mission simulation for infrared seekers and sensors against a low-infrared background. One of its key features is the high fidelity of the radiometric calibration process. Calibration of the radiometric sources used is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology and provides relative uncertainties on the order of two to three percent, based on measurement data acquired during many test periods. Three types of sources of measurement error and top-level uncertainties have been analyzed; these include radiometric calibration, target position, and spectral output. The approach used and presented is to quantify uncertainties of each component in the optical system and then build uncertainty diagrams and easily updated databases to detail the uncertainty for each optical system. The formalism, equations, and corresponding analyses are provided to help describe how the specific quantities are derived and currently used. This paper presents the. uncertainty methodology used and current results. C1 ATA, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Crider, D (reprint author), ATA, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, 1077 Ave C, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5769-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5784 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1117/12.600695 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCS00 UT WOS:000230987000030 ER PT J AU Jiang, JT Tsao, S Mi, K Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Jelen, C Tidrow, MZ AF Jiang, JT Tsao, S Mi, K Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Jelen, C Tidrow, MZ TI Advanced monolithic quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array integrated with silicon readout integrated circuit SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monolithic; focal plane array; quantum well infrared photodetector; GaInAs; InP; Si substrate ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DEFECT REDUCTION; QWIP; INP; GAAS; SI(111); GROWTH AB Today, most infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) utilize a hybrid scheme. To achieve higher device reliability and lower cost, monolithic FPAs with Si based readout integrated circuits (ROICs) are the trend of the future development. In this paper, two approaches for monolithic FPAs are proposed: double sided integration and selective epitaxy integration. For comparison, the fabrication process for hybrid quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) FPAs are also described. Many problems, such as the growth of QWIPs on Si substrate and processing incompatibility between Si and III-V semiconductors, need to be solved before monolithic FPAs can be realized. Experimental work on GaInAs/InP QWIP-on-Si is given in this paper. A record high detectivity of 2.3 x 10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W was obtained for one QWIP-on-Si detector at 77 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. Missile Def Agcy, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, 220 N Campus Dr,Cook Hall,Room 4051, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.02.002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 885UI UT WOS:000226182100003 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ AF Brown, GJ BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Type-II InAs/GaInSb superlattices for infrared detection: an overview SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; detector; superlattice; photodiodes ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MU-M; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; INAS/INXGA1-XSB SUPERLATTICES; GASB/INAS SUPERLATTICES; MIDINFRARED DETECTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INTERFACE STRUCTURE; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY AB Superlattices composed of InAs and GaSb layers were first proposed for infrared detection in 1978. Later work by Smith and Mailhoit extended this premise to model InAs and InGaSb ternary layers for infrared detection in the long wavelength infrared range. What makes this material system so interesting is that these superlattice materials are essentially the III-V equivalent of HgCdTe materials. They have comparable absorption coefficients, the cut-off wavelengths can be continuously adjusted from short wavelength infrared to very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR), and photovoltaic operation is possible. One difference between these two materials is that with the superlattices the energy band structure, as well as the band gap, can be tailored to enhance detector performance. The band structure tailoring provides the superlattices with some advantages over HgCdTe alloys, particularly for very narrow band gaps. These superlattice advantages are a higher electron effective mass and large separation of the heavy and light-hole bands to suppress Auger recombination. These inherent properties of the InAs/GaInSb superlattices have made them an attractive material for VLWIR applications. As the type-II superlattice materials and devices mature, they will play a significant role as an alternative material for photovoltaic focal plane arrays in the LWIR and MWIR regimes as well. This paper provides an overview of the type-II superlattice development, accomplishments and issues. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.606621 PN 1-2 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900008 ER PT S AU Eismann, MT AF Eismann, MT BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Emerging research directions in air-to-ground target detection and discrimination SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; IMAGING POLARIMETRY AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has embarked on a vaniety of research programs that embrace the insertion of new electro-optical and infrared technology as well as advanced operational concepts to significantly improve capabilities for the detection and discrimination of difficult targets. The AFRL vision employs a distributed, layered sensor system combining passive and active sensors to rapidly detect battlefield threats and support high confidence identification to take immediate action. This paper will provide an overview of this layered sensing vision as well as describe the technology development directions that AFRL is pursumig in support of this advanced concept. The paper will specifically focus on relevant passive infrared technology areas such as spatial, spectral, polarimetric, and temporal sensing (separate and combined). It will also discuss how this technology is envisioned to be applied to the range of operational platforms, from standoff surveillance from large aircraft to close-in sensing from small unmanned aerial vehicles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.1117/12.606718 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900072 ER PT S AU McCalmont, JF Utt, J Deschenes, M Taylor, MJ AF McCalmont, JF Utt, J Deschenes, M Taylor, MJ BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Sense and avoid technology for Global Hawk and Predator UAVs SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Federal Aviation Administration; collision avoidance; unmanned aerial vehicles AB The Sensors Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) along with Defense Research Associates, Inc. (DRA) conducted a flight demonstration of technology that could potentially satisfy the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) requirement for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to sense and avoid local air traffic sufficient to provide an "...equivalent level of safety, comparable to see-and-avoid requirements for manned aircraft". This FAA requirement must be satisfied for autonomous UAV operation within the national airspace. The real-time onboard system passively detects approaching aircraft, both cooperative and non-cooperative, using imaging sensors operating in the visible/near infrared band and a passive moving target indicator algorithm. Detection range requirements for RQ-4 and MQ-9 UAVs were determined based on analysis of flight geometries, avoidance maneuver timelines, system latencies and human pilot performance. Flight data and UAV operating parameters were provided by the system program offices, prime contractors, and flight-test personnel. Flight demonstrations were conducted using a surrogate UAV (Aero Commander) and an intruder aircraft (Beech Bonanza). The system demonstrated target detection ranges out to 3 nautical miles in nose-to-nose scenarios and marginal visual meteorological conditions. (VMC) This paper will describe the sense and avoid requirements definition process and the system concept (sensors, algorithms, processor, and flight rest results) that has demonstrated the potential to satisfy the FAA sense and avoid requirements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCalmont, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNJT, 3050 C St,Hangar 4B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5768-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5783 BP 684 EP 692 DI 10.1117/12.603152 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BCR50 UT WOS:000230925900073 ER PT S AU Foster, JC Coster, AJ Erickson, PJ Rideout, W Rich, FJ Immel, TJ Sandel, BR AF Foster, John C. Coster, Anthea J. Erickson, Philip J. Rideout, William Rich, Frederick J. Immel, Thomas J. Sandel, Bill R. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Redistribution of the Stormtime Ionosphere and the Formation of a Plasmaspheric Bulge SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBAURORAL POLARIZATION STREAM; GREAT MAGNETIC STORM; ART.; DENSITY; CONVECTION; DYNAMICS; REGION; MIDDLE AB Plasmasphere drainage plumes resulting from the erosion of the plasmasphere boundary layer by disturbance electric fields have been identified from both ground and space. Here we describe a localized enhancement of total electron content (TEC) seen at the base of the erosion plume, on field lines mapping into the outer plasmasphere. Observations suggest that this enhanced TEC results from a pole-ward redistribution of post-noon sector low latitude ionospheric plasma during the early stages of a strong geomagnetic disturbance. Ground based and low- altitude observations with GPS TEC, incoherent scatter radar, and DMSP in situ observations provide details and a temporal history of the evolution of such events. Seen from space by IMAGE EUV, the region of enhanced TEC appears as a pronounced brightening in the inner plasmasphere. IMAGE FUV provides complementary images at lower altitude of this inner-plasmasphere feature, showing that it is associated with localized enhancement in the vicinity of the equatorial anomaly peak. These effects are especially pronounced over the Americas, and we suggest that this results from a strengthening of the equatorial ion fountain due to under-shielded (penetrating) electric fields in the vicinity of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. The enhanced low-latitude features, seen both from the ground and from space, corotate with the Earth once they are formed. The high-TEC plasma in these regions contributes to the intensity of the erosion plumes arising in the American sector during strong disturbance events. C1 [Foster, John C.; Coster, Anthea J.; Erickson, Philip J.; Rideout, William] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Rich, Frederick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. [Immel, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sandel, Bill R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Foster, JC (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886 USA. EM jfoster@haystack.mit.edu NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1029/159GM21 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400020 ER PT B AU Jensen, D Wood, J Dennis, S Wood, K Campbell, M AF Jensen, Dan Wood, John Dennis, Scott Wood, Kristin Campbell, Matthew GP ASME TI Design implementation and assessment of a suite of multimedia and hands-on active learning enhancements for machine design SO Innovations in Engineering Education - 2005: Mechanical Engineering Education; Mechanical Engineering Technology Department Heads LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ENGINEERING-EDUCATION AB Over the last eight years, the Machine Design courses at the United States Air Force Academy and at the University of Texas, Austin have evolved through the development, implementation and assessment of extensive active learning methods. In particular, the courses have evolved to include extensive hands-on projects that are integrated throughout the course as well as a significant multimedia component. The hands-on educational innovations, which promote experiential investigation using devices such as remote controlled cars, Lego RoboLab, and reverse engineering of consumer products, have received very positive assessment. The multimedia content, which includes extensive foundational content on Mechanics of Materials as well as a separate multimedia experience for learning about planetary gear systems, has also been assessed and received very affirmative feedback. The assessment of these active learning educational innovations has been multifaceted. Quantitative components of the assessment have included student end-of-course critiques, homework, specific exam questions and survey data. Qualitative assessment has been achieved through focus groups as well as both written and verbal feedback from students and professors using the active learning aids. Although the majority of the assessment has been positive, we have also received important constructive criticism during the development of these educational enhancements. The "iterative" development of these active learning techniques has involved responding to these criticisms and reassessing the program's effectiveness. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the previous work done in this area, then move on to show new developments and related assessment. In particular, new assessment, which is correlated with Myers Briggs personality types, is reported, showing results of the current integrated use of active learning techniques, including hands-on and multimedia experiences. In this light, the current paper should work as a roadmap for others who desire to integrate active learning into their courses, whether they are courses in Machine Design or not. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jensen, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4232-0 PY 2005 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BFM36 UT WOS:000243055200021 ER PT B AU Fisher, CA AF Fisher, Cary A. GP ASME TI A freshman design-build-launch experience SO Innovations in Engineering Education - 2005: Mechanical Engineering Education; Mechanical Engineering Technology Department Heads LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB This paper will describe an "Introduction to Engineering Systems" course taught to ALL freshmen students at the Air Force Academy. Not your normal freshman mechanical engineering course, Engineering 100 (ENGR100) is a web-based, hands-on systems design course where student teams design, analyze, build and fly a rocket-powered, controllable boost-glide "concept demonstrator." Along the way they learn (in just-in-time fashion) the fundamentals of mechanical, electrical, aeronautical, astronautical, civil and environmental engineering. The course begins with a one-lesson design exercise, followed by a discussion of the "Engineering Method" and how it compares to (and differs from) the scientific method. Next, each team is given a Statement of Work (SOW), requiring them "to design, build, and test a concept demonstrator system...to represent the configuration, launch facilities, and mission profile of a Hypersonic Orbital Global Strike System (HOGSS)." The Statement of Work is somewhat daunting to most students, so we help them proceed as engineers do: break the big problem into smaller, more manageable projects. Students learn a bit about ballistics, drag, and the power of an interactive spreadsheet, before building and launching their model rockets on our parade field to verify their predictions. On-line tutorials help them understand the importance of paying attention to balsa wood grain alignment prior to glider launch day from the field house balcony. They see the importance of servo arm and control rod placement for best mechanical advantage using in-class models and videos. They verify the stability and control of their boost glider design, both on the spreadsheet and in our "homemade" wind tunnel. On launch day they experience the thrill of victory as well as the opportunity for redesign! Each lesson is peppered with both instructional and motivational videos keyed to the daily reading assignment. Class time is used for additional demonstrations, team meetings, reinforcement of the more challenging concepts, and plenty of lab design-build-test-redesign opportunities. Student teams document their progress in a structured "Team Binder," and present their results in several formal briefings. This course has been taught to over 3000 students the past six semesters with impressive results, validated by various imbedded assessment methods. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fisher, CA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4232-0 PY 2005 BP 339 EP 345 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BFM36 UT WOS:000243055200047 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R Campbell, A AF Subramanyam, G Ahamed, F Biggers, R Campbell, A TI Design considerations for a novel coplanar waveguide based ferroelectric varactor shunt switch SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE tunable microwave dielectrics; ferroelectric thin-film; varactors; varactor shunt switch ID MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; RF AB Novel ferroelectric variable capacitor (varactor) shunt switches have been designed, and experimentally verified recently. The varactor shunt switches are designed for microwave and millimeterwave switching applications, based on the nonlinear dielectric tunability of the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin-films. Nanostructured BST thin-films with dielectric tunability as high as 350% were used in this study. The device consists of a coplanar waveguide line loaded by a ferroelectric varactor. The large capacitance of the varactor at zero bias shunts the input signal to ground, thus isolating the output port, resulting in the OFF state of the device. When one applies a bias voltage corresponding of approximately 10 V (a dc electric field of similar to 250 kV/cm), the varactor's capacitance is reduced to a minimum, allowing maximum transmission to the output, thus resulting in the ON state of the device. The microwave switching performance of the varactor shunt switch is compared with the RF MEMS switches for potential applications at microwave and millimeterwave frequencies. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM guru.subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2005 VL 77 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1080/10584580500414499 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 999JR UT WOS:000234386100025 ER PT S AU Gellermann, T Sellmann, M Wright, R AF Gellermann, T Sellmann, M Wright, R BE Bartak, R Milano, M TI Shorter path constraints for the resource constrained shortest path problem SO INTEGRATION OF AI AND OR TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING FOR COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Act M Agcy, ARTIST, Carmen Syst, CoLogNet, Intelligent Informat Syst Inst, ILOG SA, SICS ID LAGRANGIAN-RELAXATION; ALGORITHM AB Recently, new cost-based filtering algorithms for shorter-path constraints have been developed. However, so far only the theoretical properties of shorter-path constraint filtering have been studied. We provide the first extensive experimental evaluation of the new algorithms in the context of the resource constrained shortest path problem. We show how reasoning about path-substructures in combination with CP-based Lagrangian relaxation can help to improve significantly over previously developed problem-tailored filtering algorithms and investigate the impact of required-edge detection, undirected versus directed filtering, and the choice of the algorithm optimizing the Lagrangian dual. C1 Univ Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Inform Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Gellermann, T (reprint author), Univ Paderborn, Fuerstenallee 11, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26152-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3524 BP 201 EP 216 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BCO12 UT WOS:000230377700016 ER PT J AU Day, EA Arthur, W Bell, ST Edwards, BD Bennett, W Mendoza, JL Tubre, TC AF Day, EA Arthur, W Bell, ST Edwards, BD Bennett, W Mendoza, JL Tubre, TC TI Ability-based pairing strategies in the team-based training of a complex skill: Does the intelligence of your training partner matter? SO INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE interindividual; intelligence; dyadic training teams ID COOPERATIVE SMALL-GROUPS; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE; INITIAL ABILITY; SPACE FORTRESS; EVERYDAY LIFE; INSTRUCTION; ACHIEVEMENT; PERSONALITY; TASK AB Intelligence researchers traditionally focus their attention on the individual level and overlook the role of intelligence at the interindividual level. This research investigated the interplay of the effects of intelligence at the individual and interindividual levels by manipulating the intelligence-based composition of dyadic training teams. Using a sample of 176 young adult males and a complex computer-based criterion task. homogeneous and heterogeneous dyadic training teams were created based on intelligence scores. and both team and individual performance were assessed throughout 10 h of training. Results indicated a strong additive. influence of intelligence on team performance and a slightly positive nonadditive effect in uniformly high (HH)-ability teams. Trainees' individual skill acquisition was strongly correlated with the performance of their teams. However. nonadditive partner effects were observed such that high-ability trainees acquired significantly more skill when paired with high-ability partners instead of low- ability partners, but low-ability trainees benefited very little from being paired with high-ability partners. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Psychol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Day, EA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Psychol, 455 W Lindsey,Room 705, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM eday@ou.edu; wea@psyc.tamu.edu NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0160-2896 J9 INTELLIGENCE JI Intelligence PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 39 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.intell.2004.09.002 PG 27 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 886LM UT WOS:000226228800004 ER PT J AU Carreras, RA Marker, DK Lutz, BJ AF Carreras, RA Marker, DK Lutz, BJ TI Fuzzy logic control for an optical membrane mirror SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE fuzzy logic control; optical aberrations; wavefront sensor; membrane mirror; thin film; mechanical deployment AB Very large space based membrane mirror technology is of current interest to NASA, JPL, DOE, DOD, and in particular to the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The membrane mirror technology is driven by the expectation of achieving very large optics with lower costs, through reductions in structural mass and volume. Diverse groups are researching and developing membrane technology for RF antennae, optical telescopes, and solar power collection for propulsion applications. A key component for success of membranes used as optical telescopes is the control and maintenance of the accuracy of the membrane mirror surface. This paper will give a description of a computer simulation using fuzzy logic controls on a large optical membrane mirror being researched at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The control of a membrane mirror is a new challenge, which has not previously been addressed. Fuzzy logic is the natural choice for the controller, since there is little correlation between the optical aberrations detected by the wavefront sensor and the membrane mirror surface as the actuators act upon the mirror. The research goal is to develop an autonomous optical figure acquisition and control model for the laboratory membrane mirror. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Carreras, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 898JW UT WOS:000227074100006 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW Rothrock, L AF Repperger, DW Rothrock, L TI Using GA-based intelligent control means to enhance human-machine interfaces SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; human-machine interfaces; pareto-optimality ID SYSTEMS AB A GA (genetic algorithm) search procedure was employed to explore a best set of sensory feedback parameters in designing a human-machine interface for improved performance. The optimization concerned two objective functions of interest, which incorporated tradeoffs between speed and accuracy in tracking. A Pareto-optimal front was calculated involving the two cost functions selected This approach differs from the traditional minimum of a non-convex cost function (scalar) describing the desired closed loop performance. Also, this methodology used a parsimonious experimental design method. By making a few runs with a limited number of subjects, a response model was first developed This model was then simulated and a complex vector response surface was generated by the performance variables of interest. The GA search procedure was then used to locate the minimum of this response surface. Finally, in a post hoc experimental study to confirm that the selected design parameters were the best from the class selected, seven human subjects were evaluated at the most favorable experimental design parameters and compared to alternative conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM D.Repperger@IEEE.ORG NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 123 EP 140 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 910ZP UT WOS:000227971000005 ER PT S AU Blasch, EP Leonard, JD AF Blasch, EP Leonard, JD BE Priddy, KL TI Proactive sensor fusion for urban (SASO) operations SO Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Computing - Theory and Applications III CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE intent; fusion; tracking; detection; urban operations; adversarial decision making; risk; throughput AB Current urban operations require intelligent methods for integrating data and transmitting fused information to users. In this paper, we evaluate the capability to deliver accurate and timely data to both a commander and the user on the ground. The ground user requires data on immediate threats for rapid reaction, whereas the commander has time to reason over information on potential threats for preventative action. Using predicted data and information affords proactive decision making on anticipated threats. Proactive action includes gathering new information, relocating for safety, and hindering the opposition from action. Complexities abound with urban operations and sensor fusion strategies, which revolve around delivering quality information (i.e. timely, accurate, confident, high throughput, and minimal cost). New strategies are needed to account for high density targets, sensor obscurations, and rapid response to meet Sustainable and Security Operations (SASO). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the inherent responsibility of the fusion system to deliver a consistent and succinct set of information over the appropriate time window. This paper with highlight (1) proactive use of sensor resources, (2) integration of users with fielded system, and (3) communication and decision making modeling to meet operational timeliness needs. C1 AFRL, SNAA Fus Evaluat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, EP (reprint author), AFRL, SNAA Fus Evaluat, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5788-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5803 BP 146 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.606674 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCI60 UT WOS:000229606000016 ER PT S AU Stone, VM Jamshidi, M AF Stone, VM Jamshidi, M GP IEEE TI Neural net based prognostics for an industrial semiconductor fabrication system SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE prognostics; soft computing; neural networks AB Modern semiconductor fabrication machinery has the capability to generate huge volumes of health data, well beyond the capability of the typical process engineer to discern the subtle clues it contains. This data holds the key to performing periodic maintenance on an as-needed basis, rather than on a schedule. Soft computing techniques such as neural networks can allow the engineer to use this data to detect the need for maintenance. This paper discusses useful tools to accomplish the above goal and describes the results of proof-of-principle experiments which prior to the receipt of actual data, which will eventually lead to prototype testing on the actual semiconductor fabrication systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Stone, VM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Site, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vsxii@cableone.net; moj@wacong.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 1512 EP 1517 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210801086 ER PT S AU Marker, DK Carreras, RA AF Marker, DK Carreras, RA GP IEEE TI On the system identification for an optical quality membrane mirrors SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE optical; membrane; vibration; system identification; polyimide AB In 2001, the Directed Energy Directorate demonstrated the feasibility of an optical quality polymer membrane mirror. This technology has created new set challenges in the area of structures, controls, wavefront correctors, and wavefront sensors. When comparing a membrane mirror to a conventional glass, the optical figure and dynamic stability of a conventional optic is maintained using a structurally stiff mirror, where the aspect ratio of the diameter to thickness is on the order of 10:1. The aspect ratio of a membrane mirror might be on the order of 10(6):1. The benefit of the membrane is less weight at the cost of significantly more optical aberrations, both static and dynamic. New Advanced Wavefront Control technologies [1,2] will provide the capability to correct for a significant static aberration but membrane dynamics will prove to be a substantial challenge for the Advanced Wavefront Controller. Thus controlling membrane dynamics is a critical enabling technology. A system identification of the membrane mirror will provide a plant model for the development of the system control architecture. This research will show how one motion sensor can do a reasonably good job of tracking the free response of a planar membrane. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Marker, DK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-9298-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2005 BP 2899 EP 2904 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDT16 UT WOS:000235210802149 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Zawada, LP John, R Cinibulk, MK Kerans, RJ Zelina, J AF Parthasarathy, TA Zawada, LP John, R Cinibulk, MK Kerans, RJ Zelina, J TI Evaluation of oxide-oxide composites in a novel combustor wall application SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE AB Oxide-oxide composites were evaluated in a novel combustor design requiring higher wall temperatures than the conventional combustors. The evaluation was based on a combination of numerical modeling and experimental rig testing. The modeling included Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations whose results were used in a thermo-mechanical analysis using finite element modelin, (FEM). The composites tested experimentally were obtained from a commercial vendor; they were reinforced using Nextel (TM) 720 fibers. The rig tests showed that aluminosilicate matrix composites with higher room temperature strengths suffered cracking while the weaker alumina matrix composites performed satisfactorily. The results were consistent with numerical models that predicted residual stresses from creep during service. The models showed that in-plane gradients and their effects were more severe than those of through-thickness gradients and suggest that tailoring fiber architecture is important in transitioning these composites to applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Materials & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Materials & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,PRTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Materials & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02014.x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 915KF UT WOS:000228302400006 ER PT J AU Mattoni, MA Yang, JY Levi, CG Zok, FW Zawada, LP AF Mattoni, MA Yang, JY Levi, CG Zok, FW Zawada, LP TI Effects of combustor rig exposure on a porous-matrix oxide composite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB The present study explores the effects of exposure in a laboratory combustor on microstructural stability and property retention of an all-oxide fiber-reinforced ceramic composite. The material consists of a porous mullite-alumina matrix and Nextel 720 fibers in an eight-harness satin weave. To assess the effects of matrix strength, two matrix conditions are used, distinguished from one another by the amount of alumina added through precursor impregnation and pyrolysis (1.8% and 4.8%). In both cases, the dominant damage mode upon exposure involves interply delamination along the panel midptane. However, significant reductions in the rate and extent of cracking are obtained in the material with higher alumina content: a result of the higher delamination resistance. Mechanical tests performed on exposed specimens reveal a slight (10-20%) reduction in tensile strength along the fiber direction and a comparable increase in shear strength. These trends suggest some sintering of the matrix upon exposure. Examinations of fracture surfaces provide additional supporting evidence. Implications for long-term performance and strategies for imparting improvement in microstructural stability and delamination resistance are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mattoni, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM zok@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02015.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 915KF UT WOS:000228302400007 ER PT J AU Colle, HA Reid, GB AF Colle, HA Reid, GB TI Estimating a mental workload redline in a simulated air-to-ground combat mission SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TASK DEMAND; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITY; CURVES AB Mental workload assessments are used as a component of the test and evaluation of aviation systems. To be acceptable, mental workload should not be excessively high. Conceptually, it should be below a critical redline level. Previous research identified 40 +/- 10 as a redline range for the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) primarily based on laboratory task batteries (Reid & Colle, 1988). Using an air-to-ground combat task with an objective performance criterion, we estimated a SWAT redline and found it to be within the original recommended range. We discuss implications and limitations of the approach. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Colle, HA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM collewsu@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 303 EP 319 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap1504_1 PG 17 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 979KP UT WOS:000232941200001 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZQ Pilkey, WD Pellettiere, JA Rizer, AL AF Cheng, ZQ Pilkey, WD Pellettiere, JA Rizer, AL TI Limiting performance analysis of biomechanical systems for optimal injury control - Part 1: Theory and methodology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article DE biomechanical systems; injury prevention and reduction; limiting performance analysis; optimal control and optimization; computational modeling and simulation ID SEAT CUSHIONS; IMPACT AB The performance of safety devices for injury control is studied in this paper. The problem to be addressed is treated as the optimal control and optimization of a biomechanical system consisting of safety devices and occupants. The system performance is measured by injury criteria. The limiting performance analysis is utilized to find the best possible performance for the system. Parametric optimization is introduced for the optimal design of a safety device. Various techniques for the computational modeling of biomechanical systems are discussed. The use of nonlinear rigid multi-body dynamics software in the limiting performance analysis and parametric optimization is addressed. Best and worst disturbance analyses and a sensitivity analysis are also considered. C1 Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Engn Serv, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Engn Serv, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Zhiqing.Cheng@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LIMITED PI LETCHWORTH PA BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2005 VL 10 IS 6 BP 567 EP 577 DI 10.1533/ijcr.2005.0369 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 007BQ UT WOS:000234942900003 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZQ Rizer, AL Pellettiere, JA Pilkey, WD AF Cheng, ZQ Rizer, AL Pellettiere, JA Pilkey, WD TI Limiting performance analysis of biomechanical systems for optimal injury control - Part 2: Applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article DE biomechanical systems; ejection seat cushions; injury prevention and reduction; optimization; rigid multi-body modeling ID SEAT CUSHIONS; PREVENTION; IMPACT AB Applications of the limiting performance analysis of biomechanical systems for optimal injury control are presented. A brief review of applications based on lumped-parameter injury models is given, which includes the problems of helmets with head injuries, seat belts with thoracic injuries, helicopter seat cushions with spinal injuries, toepan padding with lower limb injuries, and child seat sled test corridors with best and worst responses. Then, the problem of ejection seat cushions for the optimal control of spinal injuries is investigated. A rigid multi-body model is developed to describe the biodynamics of the entire system including the occupant. Peak lumbar load in the vertical direction is used as the safety performance index for ejection seat cushions and is minimized. Parametric optimization is performed on a particular cushion to find its optimal performance. C1 Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Engn Serv, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Engn Serv, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Zhiqing.Cheng@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LIMITED PI LETCHWORTH PA BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2005 VL 10 IS 6 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1533/ijcr.2005.0370 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 007BQ UT WOS:000234942900004 ER PT J AU Maixner, MR AF Maixner, MR TI Design of a waterjet-propelled barge: A first computer modeling project SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB A computer project for an introductory design course is presented which entails preliminary calculations associated with a rectangular, waterjet-propelled barge. It combines ideas of computer modeling, tradeoffs, iteration, and optimization into a problem that can be solved without requiring an extensive technical science background. This quasi-steady problem requires recalculation of various parameters at each time step, thereby necessitating looping. Variations on the design are suggested as possible modifications for different design groups within a class or from one term to the next. With suitable documentation and assistance to students, the project could also be used in an introductory computer course. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Maixner, MR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.Maixner@usafa.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DUBLIN PA DUBLIN INST TECHNOLOGY, BOLTON ST, DUBLIN, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 745 EP 749 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 966GM UT WOS:000232008100024 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JR Roelle, PA Aneja, VP AF O'Connor, JR Roelle, PA Aneja, VP TI An ozone climatology: relationship between meteorology and ozone in the Southeast USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; climatology; seasonal trends; meteorological variables; regional analysis ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRENDS; EPISODES; ATLANTA; ASSOCIATION; GEORGIA AB A statistical analysis of ozone (O-3) concentrations and meteorological parameters was performed to determine the relationship between meteorological changes and ambient O-3 concentrations in the Southeast United States. The correlation between average daily maximum O-3 concentration and various meteorological variables was analyzed on a monthly basis from April through October during 1980-1994. The correlations were strongest during the summer months, particularly June, July, and August. Analysis of long term O-3 concentration trends indicates increasing trends during the 1980s and decreasing trends during the early 1990s. C1 USAF, Weather Squadron 7, Detachment 11, CMR 420, APO, AE 09063 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Roelle, PA (reprint author), USAF, Weather Squadron 7, Detachment 11, CMR 420, Box 1971, APO, AE 09063 USA. EM g2swo@hq.c5.army.mil; viney_aneja@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 123 EP 139 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926XJ UT WOS:000229156700001 ER PT J AU Lanning, DB Nicholas, T Haritos, GK AF Lanning, DB Nicholas, T Haritos, GK TI On the use of critical distance theories for the prediction of the high cycle fatigue limit stress in notched Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE critical distance; high cycle fatigue; notches; stress distribution; titanium alloys AB Methods are investigated for predicting the high cycle fatigue (HCF) lives of notched cylindrical Ti-6Al-4V specimens using critical distance concepts that employ the stress distribution in the vicinity of the notch. Cylindrical fatigue specimens had circumferential V-notches with a range of elastic stress concentration factors (k(t) = 1.97-4.07). Notched and unnotched specimens were cycled to failure using a step-loading technique to generate points on a Haigh (Goodman) diagram for a constant fatigue life of 106 cycles. Finite element solutions were generated to provide stress distributions for the notched gage sections. The stress distributions were used in the search for a critical distance over which the quantities of mean stress, stress range, or elastic strain energy may contribute to the fatigue process and can be correlated to similar quantities from smooth, unnotched specimens. If the decrease in the local stress ratio at the notch root for high applied stress ratio is accounted for in the analysis, trends independent of applied stress ratio were found in the calculated critical distances. Predictions based upon the results gave accuracy to within 12% of the experimental fatigue limit stresses and illustrate the method has promise for use in fatigue design of Ti-6Al-4V components. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Coll Engn, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Coll Engn, Auburn Sci & Engn Ctr 201, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Lanning, DB (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Coll Engn, 3700 Willow Creek Rd, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. EM lannind@erau.edu NR 23 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JAN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.06.002 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 872AT UT WOS:000225178800004 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Tzou, DY Beraun, JE AF Chen, JK Tzou, DY Beraun, JE TI Numerical investigation of ultrashort laser damage in semiconductors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SI; PLASMAS; PULSES AB A complete self-consistent model for transport dynamics in semiconductors caused by ultrashort-pulse laser heating is presented based on the relaxation-time approximation of the Boltzmann equation. Carrier-lattice nonequilibrium interactions are simulated to obtain the temporal and spatial evolution of the carrier density and temperature as well as the lattice temperature. It is shown that the calculated damage threshold based on the carrier density criterion agrees fairly well with the experimental data for both Si and Ge semiconductors, especially for sub-picosecond pulses. It is also found that one-photon absorption and Auger recombination are the two critical factors that influence the electron-hole carrier generation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.09.015 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 892BS UT WOS:000226625300004 ER PT S AU Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Thermal and kinetic studies of trialkylimidazolium salts SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID THERMOGRAVIMETRIC DATA; IONIC LIQUIDS; DEGRADATION AB The thermal properties of trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been determined using a flashpoint apparatus and the technique of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Using a Setaflash flashpoint analyzer, all the salts studied were found to have flashpoints above 200 degrees C. TGA was utilized to study the decomposition of imidazolium based RTILs. The effects of C-2 hydrogen substitution, structural isomerism, alkyl chain length, anion type, and purge gas type is discussed. The decomposition kinetics of 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was investigated using TGA. The global kinetic model and TGA Arrhenius parameters have been determined by employing both constant heating rate and isothermal programs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fox@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 901 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700015 ER PT S AU Phillips, BS Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Zabinski, JS AF Phillips, BS Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Zabinski, JS BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Surface chemistry and tribological behavior of ionic liquid boundary lubrication additives in water SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID SILICON-NITRIDE; TRIBOCHEMICAL WEAR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LOW-FRICTION; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SI3N4; LAYER; FILM AB Ionic liquids have been intensely studied regarding their properties as an environmentally friendly solvent. Conversely, little work in the field of tribology has been accomplished to date. Ionic liquids posses many favorable properties that would suggest that they have significant potential for use in the tribology field. One area that is discussed here is the use of ionic liquids as a boundary lubricant additive for water. The chemical and tribochemical reactions that govern their behavior were evaluated for two ionic liquids. Under water lubricated conditions, silicon nitride ceramics exhibit a characteristic running in period of high friction, through which surface smoothing and tribochemical reactions lead to low friction coefficients. The running-in period of high friction is the period where the majority of the wear occurs. The use of a suitable boundary lubricant to reduce the running-in period could be of significant importance. A promising candidate for this application is ionic liquids. We present the affects that ionic liquids have on the friction and wear properties Of Si3N4, in particular the affects on the running-in period. Tribological properties were evaluated using a pin-on-disk and reciprocating tribometers. Solutions containing 2 wt % ionic liquids were produced for testing purposes. Chemical analysis of the sliding surfaces was accomplished with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The test specimens were 1" diameter Si3N4 disks sliding against (1/4)" Si3N4 balls. The use of ionic liquids as a boundary lubricant additive for water resulted in dramatically reduced running-in periods for silicon nitride from thousands to the hundreds of cycles. Proposed mechanisms controlling the friction and wear include the formation of a transfer film and the inception of an electric double layer. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFOSR, NL, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Phillips, BS (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 901 BP 244 EP 253 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700019 ER PT S AU Del Sesto, RE Dudis, DS Ghebremichael, F Heimer, NE Low, TKC Wilkes, JS Yeates, AT AF Del Sesto, RE Dudis, DS Ghebremichael, F Heimer, NE Low, TKC Wilkes, JS Yeates, AT BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Nonlinear optical ionic liquids SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIB: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: TRANSFORMATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID SALTS; DERIVATIVES AB Molecular orbital calculations indicate that molecules with a high electron density diffused over a large volume will have third order nonlinear optical activity. Anions often have higher second hyperpolarizability values (gamma) than similar neutral molecules. Also, molecules or ions containing higher row elements have higher gammas. Salts with cations that have their positive charge only weakly interacting with the anion also enhance the third order nonlinear optical activity. That looks like the recipe for ionic liquids. A number of sulfur-containing mono- and dianion salts were synthesized and characterized through Z-scan measurements. Most were ionic liquids, and some showed significant third order nonlinear optical behavior. The general features of ionic liquids such as wide liquidus range, good thermal stability, and low vapor pressure are particularly advantageous for applications of nonlinear optical materials. Potential applications are in optical limiting and other alloptical devices. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Del Sesto, RE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 902 BP 144 EP 158 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCI16 UT WOS:000229432300012 ER PT S AU Drake, G Hawkins, T Tollison, K Hall, L Vij, A Sobaski, S AF Drake, G Hawkins, T Tollison, K Hall, L Vij, A Sobaski, S BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI (1R)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium salts: New families of ionic liquids SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIB: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: TRANSFORMATIONS AND PROCESSES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; N-15 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SPECTRA; NITRATE; CATALYSIS AB New classes of ionic liquids based upon the halide and nitrate salts of I-alkyl substituted-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium cations (n-alkyl = methyl -decyl, isopropyl, allyl, and methylcylcopropyl) have been synthesized, characterized by vibrational spectra, multinuclear nmr, elemental analysis, and DSC studies. Single crystal x-ray diffraction studies were carried out on 1-isopropyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide, 1-ethyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide, 1-n-propyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide, 1-n-hexyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide, and 1-n-heptyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium bromide, as well as 1-isopropyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate and 1-methylcyclopropyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate. The details of similarities, differences, and the effects of strong hydrogen bonding in the all of the structures will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ERC Incorp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Propellants Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 110 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 902 BP 259 EP 302 PG 44 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCI16 UT WOS:000229432300020 ER PT J AU Paduano, Q Weyburne, D AF Paduano, Q Weyburne, D TI Optimized coalescence method for the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of high quality Al-polarity AIN films on sapphire SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS & EXPRESS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optimized coalescence; MOCVD; AIN films; Al-polarity; sapphire substrate; X-ray diffraction; optical excitons ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EPITAXY; NM; ALXGA1-XN AB Epitaxial Al-polarity AlN films were deposited on (0001) sapphire using a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process involving a modulated ammonia/trimethyl aluminum flow, a pressure reduction from 150 Torr to 40 Torr after the first stage of growth, and growing the first similar to 0.1 mu m of AlN at a moderate V/III ratio, followed by a switch to low V/III for the remainder of the growth. Smooth, flat epitaxial films with a full width half maximum of the X-ray rocking curves as low as 177 arcseconds/650 arcseconds for the (0002)/(10 (1) over bar2) reflections were obtained. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Paduano, Q (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott St, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Qing.Sun-Paduano@hanscom.af.mil NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA TOYOKAIJI BLDG NO. 12, 6-9-6 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett. Express Lett. PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1-7 BP L150 EP L152 DI 10.1143/JJAP.44.L150 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 906WO UT WOS:000227675600048 ER PT J AU Allmann, TP Carlson, KH AF Allmann, TP Carlson, KH TI Expanded summary: Modeling intentional distribution system - Contamination and detection SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Allmann, TP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM timothy.allmann@wpafb.af.mil; kcarlson@engr.colostate.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 896RR UT WOS:000226951700015 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Jenkins, CM AF Cheng, MD Jenkins, CM TI Production and dynamics of ultrafine and fine particles in contained detonations of aluminium energetics SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ultrafine particles; detonation; nanoenergetics; particle size evolution; nanophase materials AB Several experiments were conducted to improve understanding of the properties of airborne particles generated by detonation of conventional charges and explosives prepared from nanophase aluminum-powder materials. We, believe this is the first time that the time-dependent behavior of ultrafine particles produced by explosions are reported. Based on our analysis of the measurement data, it appears that the initial peak diameter of particles produced by the detonation of test charges in the experiments, irrespective of the original formulations. is in the proximity of 40 nm. The particles eventually grew to the size range between 100 and 300 nm within 30 min. Charges prepared from the nanophase powders (50- and 100-nm) produced significantly higher number concentration values than those from conventional formulation and 15-mum powder material. The differences were two orders of magnitude higher by 50-nm powder, one order by the 100-nm, and 2 times higher by the 15-mum powder charge in comparison to the conventional formulation. The reduction of total number concentration of particles over time produced by detonation of the four charges appears to follow a pseudo-first-order chemical kinetics-linear functional on a semi-log plot. Employing this functional, the particle removal rates estimated for the four charges ranged from 0.014 to 0.026 min(-1). The removal rates were found to be statistically different (at the 95% confidence interval). and in the following order: the rate for charge A < B < C < D. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, HERD, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1505,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chengmd@ornl.gov RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.07.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 889QC UT WOS:000226456500001 ER PT J AU Ivancic, F Palazotto, A AF Ivancic, F Palazotto, A TI Experimental considerations for determining the damping coefficients of hard coatings SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Norfolk, VA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC DE vibration; damping; coatings; aircraft; turbines AB This paper attempts to characterize the various methods that may be used in defining the vibration features of a plate dimensionally proportioned to represent a turbine compressor blade. The comparison is specifically devoted towards certain damping properties of a titanium plate coated with magnesium aluminate spinel (mag spinel). Two different coating thicknesses were tested: 0.13 mm (.005 in.) per side and 0.25 mm (.010 in.) per side [total thicknesses of 0.25 mm (.010 in.) and 0.51 mm (.020 in.)]. In order for the reader to appreciate the experimental variations possible in this undertaking, the writers define various tests performed. Dynamic ping tests were conducted on all specimens to determine their resonance frequencies. Laser vibrometry was used to determine the mode at each resonance frequency. Damping ratios were determined through the use of sine sweeps. It is important that damping characteristics be measured very precisely. Thus, in the approach using a sine sweep, one must make sure that the rate of sweep is sufficiently slow to evaluate the proper frequency response function. A discussion of the proper rate is provided. This project demonstrated that, in order to represent the basic damping properties of a coating, one must consider the rate of the dynamic load application. The usual method associated with the damping coefficient evaluation is referred to as the half-power method. The true value of the damping coefficient is directly associated with the rate of experimental power versus frequency. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivancic, F (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2005)18:1(8) PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 892TL UT WOS:000226672800003 ER PT J AU Birman, V Byrd, LW AF Birman, V Byrd, LW TI Effect of z-pins on fracture in composite cocured double cantilever beams SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Norfolk, VA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC DE beams; cantilever; fractures; joints; deformation; toughness ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CRACK-PROPAGATION; DCB SPECIMENS; ARREST AB The paper illustrates a new approach to the evaluation of the effect of z-pins on deformations and the strain energy release rate in composite double cantilever beams (DCB) subject to a standard fracture toughness test. The effect of z-pins is modeled by an elastic foundation, based on previously published work. The approach to the solution is based on a separate analysis of the intact and delaminated parts of DCB. The rotational stiffness of the intact part is obtained from the Rayleigh-Ritz solution for this part subjected to a force couple, rather than modeling the rotational restraint by introducing an elastic foundation, as has been done in the previous studies. Subsequently, the deformation of the delaminated part of DCB is analyzed exactly by solving the equation of equilibrium with the appropriate boundary conditions. Based on this solution, the compliance, the rate of change of compliance, and the strain energy of the specimen can be evaluated. The results illustrate the beneficial effect of z-pins on the resistance of DCB to delamination cracking. C1 Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2005)18:1(51) PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 892TL UT WOS:000226672800007 ER PT J AU Kunz, DL AF Kunz, DL TI Analysis of proprotor whirl flutter: Review and update SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC/SDM 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL DENVER, CO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID ROTOR; STABILITY AB Whirl flutter instabilities have been a matter of concern for propeller-driven aircraft, aircraft having tilting proprotors, and helicopters ever, since two Lockheed Electras crashed more than 40 years ago. A significant body of literature exists, which details the analyses used to predict whirl flutter and the experiments that have validated the analyses. The factors that contribute to whirl flutter are reviewed, and with use of simple analysis methods, their. effect on,stability are demonstrated. Whereas previous efforts in the literature have tended to concentrate exclusively on propellers, proprotors, or helicopter rotors, a unified treatment of all three configurations is presented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kunz, DL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.2514/1.4953 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 896TT UT WOS:000226957300022 ER PT J AU Reich, GW Bowman, JC Sanders, B AF Reich, GW Bowman, JC Sanders, B TI Large-area aerodynamic control for high-altitude long-endurance sensor platforms SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY; PROGRAM AB large-area aerodynamic control schemes to enable high-altitude long-endurance sensor platforms is investigated. The focus is on a vehicle with a joined-wing design. The vehicle has two performance shortcomings that are considered typical of the broader class of high-altitude long-endurance vehicles. The first is minimum roll rate at landing due to the large amount of roll damping associated with these configurations. It is shown that multiple distributed control surfaces can help meet the roll rate requirements. The second is sensitivity of takeoff gross weight to maximum lift-to-drag ratio. Notional mission requirements drive the fuel fraction to high levels and small changes in lift-to-drag ratio can enable large changes in the vehicle weight through reduced fuel requirements. It is shown that the same technology used to satisfy the roll requirement can also be used to actively control the twist and camber during cruise and can have a moderate impact on the vehicle weight or endurance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reich, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.2514/1.7146 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 896TT UT WOS:000226957300030 ER PT J AU Janardhan, S Grandhi, RV Eastep, F Sanders, B AF Janardhan, S Grandhi, RV Eastep, F Sanders, B TI Parametric studies of transonic aeroelastic effects of an aircraft wing/tip store SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FLOW CALCULATIONS; FLUTTER; CONFIGURATIONS AB This research investigates the effect of store parameters variation on store-induced flutter and limit-cycle oscillation phenomena of an aircraft wing in the transonic regime. The primary store parameters were its mass and the chordwise location of its center of gravity.-The effect of including store aerodynamics on the wing/tip store configuration was also investigated. The tip store center of gravity (c.g.) was varied and positioned at three different locations: 32.5, 40, and 50%, with respect to aerodynamic tip chord. Automated Structural Optimization System and Computational Aeroelasticity Program-Transonic Small Disturbance were used in the linear and nonlinear region to perform this research. Studies showed that flutter speed increases as the store c.g. was moved forward toward the leading edge. This gives an indication that store c.g. must be placed. as far forward as possible with respect to the elastic axis to delay the occurrence of flutter, while satisfying other design constraints. It was observed that the increase in tip store mass significantly reduced the flight operating speed range of the aircraft. The effect of, inclusion of store aerodynamics for different wing/store configurations was found to be insignificant compared to their corresponding mass-only models in the transonic regime. The limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) onset speed was found to be sensitive to both store mass and store c.g. parameters and varied significantly for different store mass configurations. The LCO onset speed decreased significantly with increase in store mass and aft movement of store c.g. C1 Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Janardhan, S (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM sjanard@cs.wright.edu; rgrandi@cs.wright.edu; Brian.Sanders@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.2514/1.627 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 896TT UT WOS:000226957300032 ER PT J AU Perel, VY AF Perel, VY TI A numerical-analytical solution for dynamics of composite delaminated beam with piezoelectric actuator, with account of nonpenetration constraint for the delamination crack faces SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite beam; delamination; nonpenetration constraint for the crack faces; nonlinear dynamics; series solution; modal analysis ID VIBRATIONS AB In this work, a new approach is developed for the dynamic analysis of a composite beam with an interply crack, in which a physically impossible interpenetration of the crack faces is prevented by imposing a special constraint, leading to nonlinearity of the formulated boundary value problem and taking account of a contact interaction of the crack faces. A variational formulation of the problem and partial differential equations of motion with boundary conditions are developed, and solutions of example problems for a piezo-actuated cantilever beam are presented in the form of a series in terms of eigenfunctions of the associated nonself-adjoint eigenvalue problem. A noticeable difference of forced vibrations of the delaminated and undelaminated beams due to the contact interaction of the crack faces is predicted by the developed model. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perel, VY (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Victor.Perel@afit.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 67 EP 103 DI 10.1177/0021998305046462 PG 37 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 887VJ UT WOS:000226333300005 ER PT J AU Perel, VY AF Perel, VY TI Finite element analysis of vibration of delaminated composite beam with an account of contact of the delamination crack faces, based on the first-order shear deformation theory SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite delaminated beam; piezoelectric actuator; contact of crack faces; Lagrange multipliers; penalty function method; shear deformation theory; nonlinear partial differential equations; nonlinear finite element analysis ID CONSTRAINT; DYNAMICS AB In this study, a new approach is developed for the dynamic analysis of a composite beam with an interply crack, in which a physically impossible interpenetration of the crack faces is prevented by imposing a special constraint, leading to taking account of a force of contact interaction of the crack faces and to nonlinearity of the formulated boundary value problem. Longitudinal force resultants in the delaminated parts of the beam are taken into account also, which is another source of the nonlinearity. The shear deformation and rotary inertia terms are included into the formulation, to achieve better accuracy. The model is based on the first-order shear deformation theory, i.e., the longitudinal displacement is assumed to vary linearly through the beam's thickness. A variational formulation of the problem, nonlinear partial differential equations of motion with boundary conditions, a weak form for the partial differential equations, and a finite element formulation on the basis of the weak form arc developed. An example problem of a clamped-free beam with a piezoelectric actuator is considered, and its finite element solution is obtained. A noticeable difference of forced vibrations of the delaminated and undelaminated beams due to the contact interaction of the crack faces is predicted by the developed model. Besides, linear eigenvalue analysis shows decrease of natural frequencies upon increase of the crack length, and crack opening and closing during the vibration in higher mode shapes, beginning from the fifth one. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perel, VY (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Victor.Perel@afit.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 20 BP 1843 EP 1876 DI 10.1177/0021998305051803 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 977AX UT WOS:000232775900003 ER PT J AU Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A AF Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A TI The effects of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen annealing on Mg acceptors in GaN as monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); Mg doped; GaN; annealing; hydrogen; oxygen ID P-TYPE GAN; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DOPED GAN; ACTIVATION; COMPENSATION; STABILITY AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used to study the unpassivated Mg-related acceptor in GaN films. As expected, the trends observed before and after O-2, N-2, or forming-gas anneals at temperatures <800degreesC are similar to those typically reported for electrical measurements. However, annealing at temperatures >850degreesC in O-2 or N-2 permanently removes the signal, contrary to the results of conductivity measurements. Approximately 10(19) cm(-3) Mg acceptors were detected in some GaN films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) before acceptor activation, suggesting that it is possible to have electrically active Mg in as-grown CVD material. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Matlock, DM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mezvanut@uab.edu RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0177-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 892EX UT WOS:000226633900006 ER PT J AU Baughman, SM Bishoff, JT AF Baughman, SM Bishoff, JT TI Novel direct-vision renal morcellation with orthopedic rotary shaver-blade instrumentation SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY; CELL CARCINOMA; ENTRAPMENT; SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS AB Background and Purpose: When small ports are the only entry (and exit) points during laparoscopic nephrectomy, one is forced either to make an accommodating incision for final renal delivery or to perform renal morcellation. To date, morcellation has been performed in a blind manner with a specimen entrapped in a nonpenetrable, nonpermeable sac within the peritoneal cavity. Through the use of current laparoscopic equipment and a novel rotary shaver-blade system, we studied the safety, feasibility, and efficiency of directly observed renal morcellation. Materials and Methods: Ten porcine renal units with a mean mass of 143 g (range 92-192 g) were morcellated via a custom 5.5-mm x 28-cm Dyonics (R) (Smith M Nephew, Andover, MA) rotary shaver blade placed through a standard operative laparoscope (ACMI LAP 11-56W). Each kidney was entrapped in a standard 8 x 10-inch LapSac (R) (Cook Urological, Spencer, Indiana), which was placed in a preconfigured abdomen model. Morcellation was performed under direct visual guidance with continuous-flow irrigation and suction. We then studied the feasibility, safety, technical ease, and efficiency of morcellation; the size of the fragments; and entrapment-bag integrity with each renal morcellation. Results: The mean time required to complete morcellation was 8:02 minutes (range 4:45-14:00 minutes). The morcellation efficiency mean was 20.7 g/min (range 12.00-31.41 g/min), with the Dyonics EP-1 (R) generator system morcellating most effectively at 2000 rpm in its oscillate mode. Of ten random fragments, the mean size was 8.7 x 4.7 mm. The integrity of one LapSac (R) was lost when the bag was not filled to complete distention, creating susceptible in folding. Conclusion: This novel technique of laparoscopic renal delivery provides a feasible, safe, technically simple, and efficient means of morcellation. Directly viewed renal morcellation must occur with a kidney freely floating within a completely distended entrapment sac in order to preserve the integrity of the sac itself. Tissue fragments are large enough for pathologic review, which may permit superior oncologic surgical margins. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Flight MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Baughman, SM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Flight MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Jay.bishoff@lackland.af.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1089/end.2005.19.86 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 906SX UT WOS:000227664500019 PM 15735391 ER PT J AU Davis, M Montgomery, P AF Davis, M Montgomery, P TI A flight simulation vision for aeropropulsion altitude ground test facilities SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AB Testing of a gas turbine engine for aircraft propulsion applications may be conducted in the actual aircraft or in a ground-test environment. Ground test facilities simulate flight conditions by providing airflow at pressures and temperatures experienced during flight. Flight-testing of the,full aircraft system provides the best means of obtaining the exact environment that the propulsion system must operate in but must deal with limitations in the amount and type of instrumentation that can be put on-board the aircraft. Due to this limitation, engine performance may not be fully characterized. On the other hand, ground-test simulation provides the ability to enhance the instrumentation set such that engine performance can be fully quantified. However, the current ground-test methodology only simulates the flight environment thus placing limitations on obtaining system performance in the real environment. Generally, a combination of ground and flight tests is necessary to quantify the propulsion system performance over the entire envelop of aircraft operation. To alleviate some of the dependence on flight-testing to obtain engine performance during maneuvers or transients that are not currently done during ground testing, a planned enhancement to ground-test facilities was investigated and reported in this paper that will allow certain categories of flight maneuvers to be conducted. Ground-test facility performance is simulated via a numerical model that duplicates the current facility capabilities and with proper modifications represents planned improvements that allow certain aircraft maneuvers. The vision presented in this paper includes using an aircraft simulator that uses pilot inputs to maneuver the aircraft engine. The aircraft simulator then drives the facility to provide the correct engine environmental conditions represented by the flight maneuver. C1 Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1115/1.1806452 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 900PS UT WOS:000227227400002 ER PT J AU Chan, KS Feiger, J Lee, YD John, R Hudak, SJ AF Chan, KS Feiger, J Lee, YD John, R Hudak, SJ TI Fatigue crack growth thresholds of deflected mixed-mode cracks in PWA1484 SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Fatigue of Advanced Materials CY NOV, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP ASME ID BEHAVIOR AB The fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of PWWA1484 single crystals was characterized in air under mixed-mode loading at 593 C as a function of crystallographic orientation using an asymmetric four-point bend test technique. Most mixed-mode fatigue cracks deflected from the symmetry plane and propagated as transprecipitate, noncrystallographic cracks, while self-similar- fatigue crack growth occurred on the (111) planes in (111)/[011] and (111)/[11 (2) over bar oriented crystals. The local stress intensity factors and the crack paths of the deflected mixed-mode cracks were analyzed using the finite-element fracture mechanics code, FRANC2D/L. The results indicated that the deflected crack path was close to being normal to the maximum tensile stress direction where the Mode II component diminishes. Crystallographic analysis of the deflected crack paths revealed that the Mode I and the deflected mixed-mode cracks were usually of different crystallographic orientations and could exhibit different Mode I FCG thresholds when the crystallography of the crack paths differed substantially. These results were used to identify the driving force and conditions for cracking mode transition. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1115/1.1836765 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 908LS UT WOS:000227789100002 ER PT J AU George, TJ Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, O Nicholas, T Cross, CJ Calcaterra, J AF George, TJ Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, O Nicholas, T Cross, CJ Calcaterra, J TI Goodman diagram via vibration-based fatigue testing SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Fatigue of Advanced Materials CY NOV, 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP ASME ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE AB A new vibration-based fatigue testing methodology for assessing high-cycle turbine engine material fatigue strength at various stress ratios is presented. The idea is to accumulate fatigue energy on a base-excited plate specimen at high frequency resonant modes and to complete a fatigue test in a much more efficient way at very low cost. The methodology consists of (1) a geometrical design procedure, incorporating a finite-element model to characterize the shape of the specimen for ensuring the required stress state/pattern; (2) a vibration feedback empirical procedure for achieving the high-cycle fatigue experiments with variable-amplitude loading; and finally (3) a pre-strain procedure for achieving various uniaxial stress ratios. The performance of the methodology is demonstrated with experimental results for mild steel, 6061-T6 aluminum, and Ti-6A1-4V plate specimens subjected to a fully reversed bending, uniaxial stress state. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP George, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1115/1.1836791 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 908LS UT WOS:000227789100009 ER PT J AU Smith, JS Baughn, JW Byerley, AR AF Smith, JS Baughn, JW Byerley, AR TI Surface flow visualization using thermal tufts produced by evaporatively cooled spots SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Smith, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 186 EP 188 DI 10.1115/1.1852493 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 919IC UT WOS:000228610700021 ER PT J AU Robertson, L Balas, M Tipton, C Hammet, K AF Robertson, L Balas, M Tipton, C Hammet, K TI Precision tracking control against dynamic targets for high-energy laser systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Precision control of a fast-steering mirror is coupled with an open-loop acquisition system to perform tracking control against a dynamic target. The integration of a high-bandwidth tracking control system with a much lower-bandwidth acquisition system is accomplished by offloading signals from the former to the latter. This technique precludes saturation of the inner loop when large-amplitude, unexpected changes occur in the target trajectory. Particular attention is given to the sensitivities of inner-loop transient response and steady-state error responses to design conditions and sample rate. Control design solutions are presented and demonstrated via experiments and simulations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. ATA, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Airborne Laser Syst Program Off, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robertson, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.2514/1.4218 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 887WJ UT WOS:000226335900003 ER PT J AU Bolonkin, AA Murphey, RA AF Bolonkin, AA Murphey, RA TI Geometry-based parametric modeling for single-pursuer/multiple-evader problems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 2nd Unmanned Unlimited Systems Technologies, and Operations Aerospace, Land, Sea Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2003 CL San Diego, CA AB We examine the situation where a single pursuer must develop an optimal strategy with respect to multiple evaders. The pursuers' objective is to capture an evader, whereas each evader's objective is to avoid capture. This problem is unique in that previous pursuit-evasion problems studied in the literature address one-on-one engagements. Current techniques for solving pursuit-evasion games rely on the construction of trajectories in space-time by applying either a minmax strategy at each time step or through evolutionary/simulation techniques. However, even for one-on-one pursuit-evasion problems, differential game theoretic models with incomplete information result in intractable formulations without saddle point solutions. Evolutionary and simulation-based methods require extensive computational time and resources to arrive at strategies that may not even be provably optimal. By adding multiple evaders to the mix, these "construction-based" methods are severely handicapped. The approach taken in this study is to rapidly develop bounds on the pursuer's capture (evader's escape) possibilities for use in an optimization program. Algorithms are presented for computing isochronal contour maps enclosing regions of achievable dynamics and effective capture (i.e., weapon) performance. In combination, these contour maps form the basis for a parametric model of the engagement, greatly reducing the complexity of the problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MNGN, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Bolonkin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MNGN, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.2514/1.4959 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 887WJ UT WOS:000226335900017 ER PT J AU Kaplan, G Drake, G Tollison, K Hall, L Hawkins, T AF Kaplan, G Drake, G Tollison, K Hall, L Hawkins, T TI Synthesis, characterization, and structural investigations of 1-amino-3-substituted-1,2,3-triazolium salts, and a new route to 1-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IONIC LIQUIDS; NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS; AZOLIUM SALTS; 1,2,3-TRIAZOLES; REARRANGEMENT; TRIAZOLES; DERIVATIVES; SPECTRA; ALKYNES AB Quarternary salts based upon 3-alkyl substituted 1-amino- 1,2,3-triazolium cations (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propenyl, and n-butyl) have been synthesized and characterized by vibrational spectra, multinuclear NMR, elemental analysis, and DSC studies. Subsequent diazotization of these salts results in the exclusive formation of 1-alkyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Single crystal X-ray studies were carried out for 1-amino-3methyl-1,2,3-triazolium iodide, 1-amino-3-ethyl -1,2,3-triazolium bromide, 1-amino-3-n-propyl-1,2,3-triazolium bromide, and I -amino- 3 -n-butyl- 1,2,3-triazolium bromide as well as the starting heterocycle, 1-amino- 1,2,3-triazole, and all of the structures are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Drake, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM Gregory.W.Drake@nasa.gov NR 57 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 12 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI PROVO PA PO BOX 170, PROVO, UT 84603-0170 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 899PS UT WOS:000227157500004 ER PT J AU Isaac, J DiGeronimo, RJ Dixon, P Henson, BM Mustafa, SB AF Isaac, J DiGeronimo, RJ Dixon, P Henson, BM Mustafa, SB TI Mechanical stretch stimulates alpha-epithelial Na+ channel expression in murine lung epithelial cells: Role of MAPKs. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 223 BP S292 EP S292 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700743 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM Dixon, PS Mustafa, SB Henson, BM DiGeronimo, RJ AF McAdams, RM Dixon, PS Mustafa, SB Henson, BM DiGeronimo, RJ TI Cyclic stretch attenuates the effects of hyperoxia on cell proliferation and viability in pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 408 BP S326 EP S326 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700928 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM Hall, BH Lefkowitz, W AF McAdams, RM Hall, BH Lefkowitz, W TI The relationship of serum sodium levels on patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birthweight infants. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 185 BP S285 EP S285 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700705 ER PT J AU Schultz, CM DiGeronimo, RJ Yoder, BA AF Schultz, CM DiGeronimo, RJ Yoder, BA TI A novel postnatal predictor of outcome using blood gas values in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 177 BP S284 EP S284 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700697 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Naik, RR Stone, MO Wright, DW AF Slocik, JM Naik, RR Stone, MO Wright, DW TI Viral templates for gold nanoparticle synthesis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; HISTIDINE-RICH PEPTIDE; PROTEIN CAGE; CONSTRAINED SYNTHESIS; METAL NANOCLUSTERS; MINERALIZATION; NANOMATERIALS; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES; FERRITIN AB Viruses present a confined environment and unique protein surface topology (i.e. polarity, residue charge, and surface relief) for nanoparticle synthesis and are amenable to molecular biology manipulations. Consequently, we have examined the cowpea chlorotic mottle viruses of unmodified SubE (yeast), (HRE)-SubE engineered with interior HRE peptide epitopes (AHHAHHAAD), and wild-type as viral templates for the potentiated reduction and symmetry directed synthesis of gold nanoparticles. In the first approach, the viral capsid actively potentiated the reduction of AuCl4- by electron transfer from surface tyrosine residues resulting in a gold nanoparticle decorated viral surface. Viral reduction appeared to be selective for gold as a collection of metal precursor substrates of Ag+, Pt4+, Pd4+, and an insoluble Au-I complex were not reduced to zero-valent nanoclusters by virus. Alternatively, the viral capsid provided a template for the symmetry directed synthesis of Au-0 nanoparticles from a non-reducible gold precursor. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wright, DW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Stn B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM David.wright@vanderbilt.edu NR 29 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 7 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 7 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1039/b413074j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 895AK UT WOS:000226832900004 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Naik, RR De Long, HC Fox, DM Trulove, PC Mantz, RA AF Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Naik, RR De Long, HC Fox, DM Trulove, PC Mantz, RA TI Regenerated silk fiber wet spinning from an ionic liquid solution SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOMBYX-MORI SILK; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FIBROIN; DISSOLUTION; NANOFIBERS AB Regenerated silk fibroin from Bombyx mori silkworms was extruded into fibers from a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid solvent system; the drawn fibers rinsed in methanol exhibit alignment of the beta-sheet crystallites along the fiber axis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Chem & Life Sci Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mantz, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil; robert.mantz@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 100 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 39 BP 4206 EP 4208 DI 10.1039/b510069k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 970KO UT WOS:000232307700005 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Naik, RR Sarosi, PM Agarwal, G Stone, MO Sandhage, KH AF Dickerson, MB Naik, RR Sarosi, PM Agarwal, G Stone, MO Sandhage, KH TI Ceramic nanoparticle assemblies with tailored shapes and tailored chemistries via biosculpting and shape-preserving inorganic conversion SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosculpting; diatom peptides; silaffins; nanoparticle assemblies; chemical conversion; shape-preserving; oxidation-reduction; silicon dioxide; magnesium oxide; microfilaments ID POROSITY DCP METHOD; DISPLACIVE COMPENSATION; COMPOSITES; BIOSILICA; DIATOMS; TOXINS; DENSE AB A novel biosynthetic paradigm is introduced for fabricating three-dimensional (3-D) Geramic nanoparticle assemblies with tailored shapes and tailored chemistries: biosculpting and shape-preserving inorganic conversion (BaSIC). Biosculpting refers to the use of biomolecules that direct the precipitation of ceramic nanoparticles to form a continuous 3-D structure with a tailored shape. We used a pepticle derived from a diatom (a type of unicellular algae) to biosculpt silica nanoparticle based assemblies that, in turn, were converted into a new (nonsilica) composition via a shape-preseerving gas/silica displacement reaction. Interwoven, microfilamentary silica structures were prepared by exposing a pepticle, derived from the silaffin-1A protein of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis. to a tetramethylorthosilicate solution under a linear shear flow condition. Subsequent exposure of the silica microfilaments to magnesium gas at 900 degreesC resulted in conversion into nanocrystalline magnesium oxide microfilaments with a retention of fine (submicrometer) features. Fluid(gas or liquid)/silica displacement reactions leading to a variety of other oxides have also been identified. This hybrid (biogenic/synthetic) approach opens the door to biosculpted ceramic microcomponents with multifarious tailored shapes and compositions for a wide range of environmental, aerospace, biomedical, chemical, telecommunications, automotive, manufacturing, and defense applications. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ Hardened Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Sandhage, KH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Agarwal, Gunjan/E-2616-2011; OI Agarwal, Gunjan/0000-0003-3731-2107 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 891OV UT WOS:000226591300009 PM 15762162 ER PT J AU Byers, BD Barth, WH Stewart, TL Pierce, BT AF Byers, BD Barth, WH Stewart, TL Pierce, BT TI Ultrasound and MRI appearance and evolution of hydranencephaly in utero - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY 2003 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Obstetricians Gynecologists DE hydranencephaly; ultra sonography, fetal; magnetic resonance imaging AB BACKGROUND: Hydranencephaly is the total or near-total destruction of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. The thalami and lower brain centers are typically preserved. This condition is usually preceded by occlusion of the internal carotid arteries, resulting in massive brain infarction. CASE: An 18-year-old woman, gravida 1, presented with a 1-day history of heavy vaginal bleeding at 23 weeks' gestation. Initial ultrasound revealed oligohydramnios and retroplacental lucency consistent with placental abruption. A follow-up level II ultrasound revealed abnormal intracerebral architecture. Subsequent ultrasounds and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an evolving case of hydranencephaly. Postdelivery computed tomography verified the prenatal findings. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and MRI are useful radiologic studies to confirm the diagnosis of hydranencephaly. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Byers, BD (reprint author), USA, 6958 Crested Quail, San Antonio, TX 78250 USA. EM benjamin.byers@sbcglobal.net NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 888QZ UT WOS:000226390600012 PM 15730175 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD Darwin, CJ Arbogast, TL Kidd, G AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD Darwin, CJ Arbogast, TL Kidd, G TI Across-ear interference from parametrically degraded synthetic speech signals in a dichotic cocktail-party listening task SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 2 SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; INFORMATIONAL MASKING; SPATIAL SEPARATION; ENERGETIC MASKING; FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; INTELLIGIBILITY; CUES; ATTENTION; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION AB Recent results have shown that listeners attending to the quieter of two speech signals in one ear (the target ear) are highly susceptible to interference from normal or time-reversed speech signals presented in the unattended ear. However, speech-shaped noise signals have little impact on the segregation of speech in the opposite ear. This suggests that there is a fundamental difference between the across-ear interference effects of speech and nonspeech signals. In this experiment, the intelligibility and contralateral-ear masking characteristics of three synthetic speech signals with parametrically adjustable speech-like properties were examined: (1) a modulated noise-band (MNB) speech signal composed of fixed-frequency bands of envelope-modulated noise; (2) a modulated sine-band (MSB) speech signal composed of fixed-frequency amplitude-modulated sinewaves; and (3) a "sinewave speech" signal composed of sine waves tracking the first four formants of speech. In all three cases, a systematic decrease in performance in the two-talker target-ear listening task was found as the number of bands in the contralateral speech-like masker increased. These results suggest that speech-like fluctuations in the spectral envelope of a signal play an important role in determining the amount of across-ear interference that a signal will produce in a dichotic cocktail-party listening task. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. Boston Univ, Hearing Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECB, 2610 Seventh St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC04663, DC00100, DC045045, R01 DC004545] NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 292 EP 304 DI 10.1121/1.1835509 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 887VY UT WOS:000226334800029 PM 15704422 ER PT J AU Tragesser, SG Tuncay, A AF Tragesser, SG Tuncay, A TI Orbital design of earth-oriented tethered satellite formations SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit CY AUG 05, 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP AIAA, AAS AB A formation of distributed sensors has great potential to enhance Earth surveillance. This paper investigates the dynamics of tethering several subsatellites together in a three-dimensional configuration. To keep the system oriented toward Earth, the Likins-Pringle rigid body equilibria are used as a baseline design. A flexible lumped-mass model is used to assess the stability of the tethered system. Three parameters related to the formation size, masses and spin rate are varied in order to find designs that demonstrate desirable dynamic behavior. While none of the designs are Lyapunov stable, formations with a spin axis near the local vertical are well-behaved over time spans of several orbits. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tragesser, SG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80904 USA. EM stragesser@eas.uccs.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 51 EP 64 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 993KG UT WOS:000233952400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Wang, YX Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB AF Zhang, YC Wang, YX Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB TI Ab initio and classical molecular dynamics studies of the dilithium phthalocyanine/pyrite interfacial structure SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; IRON PYRITE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SIMULATION; SURFACE; H2O; ELECTROLYTES; ORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE AB Ab initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations are performed to analyze the structure of the interface between pyrite (100) and one of the possible self-assembled crystalline forms of dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc), a candidate single-ion conductor electrolyte material for rechargeable lithium batteries. A simplified dilithium phthalocyanine model, keeping an anionic matrix structure able to form lithium-ion conducting channels upon self-assembly, is used for an ab initio study of the local interactions with the active sites of a pyrite model cluster. It is found that lithium ions interact strongly with the outmost surface sulfur atoms, whereas the pyrite Fe atoms interact with N atoms of Li2Pc. Ab initio studies provide an estimate of the charge distribution to be used in effective force fields to describe interatomic interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations illustrate that the self-assembly of Li2Pc over a pyrite (100) surface leads to the formation of a crystalline structure where the stacking axis of the Li2Pc molecules is perpendicular to the surface. Ion-conducting channels from the Li2Pc phase are realized through the interface, and transport of lithium ions through these channels into the pyrite phase are observed under an external electric field applied in a direction perpendicular to the interface. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Balbuena, PB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM balbuena@tamu.edu NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 10 BP A1955 EP A1962 DI 10.1149/1.2008979 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 959XR UT WOS:000231553300007 ER PT J AU Sakthivel, K Munichandraiah, N Scanlon, LG AF Sakthivel, K Munichandraiah, N Scanlon, LG TI Electrodeposition of adherent films of lithium phthalocyanine on platinum and stainless steel substrates by oxidation of dilithium phthalocyanine SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION; MOLECULAR SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; EPR; OXIMETRY; POWDERS AB Films of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) on Pt and stainless steel (SS) substrates are deposited by electrochemical oxidation of dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) in dimethyl sulfoxide or acetone consisting of LiBF4 as the supporting electrolyte. Unlike the powdery deposits of LiPc obtained by using tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as the supporting electrolyte, the deposits are adherent to the substrates when LiBF4 is used as the supporting electrolyte. Chemical oxidation of Li2Pc by TBAP is shown to be detrimental for the formation of powdery electrodeposits of LiPc, whereas LiBF4 does not oxidize Li2Pc and therefore adherent films of LiPc are obtained by electro-oxidation. Furthermore, the kinetics of electro-oxidation of Li2Pc to LiPc is different in TBAP and LiBF4 solutions, as inferred from the nature of cyclic voltammograms and also the values of transfer coefficient. The oxidation of Li2Pc occurs at higher potentials on SS in relation to the reaction on Pt. Nevertheless, LiPc films are adherent on both substrates and their crystal structure corresponds to alpha-phase. The LiPc/Pt electrodes exhibit electrochemical activity, whereas LiPc/SS electrodes exhibit capacitive behavior. The texture of LiPc on both Pt and SS is found to be fiber-like. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USAF, Res Lab, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branche, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sakthivel, K (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM muni@ipc.iisc.ernet.in NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 11 BP C756 EP C763 DI 10.1149/1.2050407 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 982BW UT WOS:000233133700037 ER PT J AU Matson, LE Hecht, N AF Matson, LE Hecht, N TI Creep of directionally solidified alumina/YAG eutectic monofilaments SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Directionally Solidified Eutectic Ceramics CY MAY 05-07, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP USAF Sci Res, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, EOARD, AOARD, Ceram Soc Japan, Amer Ceram Soc, Total Corp, Ecole Mines Paris, UBE Ind Ltd, ONERA, JUTEM, Adv Inst Mat Sci, Japan Inst Met DE directionally solidified Al2O3-YAG eutectics; fibers; microstructure-final; strength; creep ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; AXIS SAPPHIRE FILAMENTS; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIPS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; CERAMIC FIBERS; SYSTEM; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURES; AL2O3-Y3AL5O12 AB Multi-phase-single crystal oxide fibers offer the best choice for reinforcing oxide matrix composites because they have superior creep resistance up to 1700 &DEG; C without significant strength loss at moderate temperatures due to growth of processing flaws. In this work, Directionally Solidified Al2O3-YAG eutectic fibers were grown at various rates by the Edge-defined, Film-fed Growth (EFG) method and their microstructure, microstructural stability and creep properties were studied. A methodology was developed in order to determine if the creep behavior of a fiber was affected by any heterogeneous coarsening defects. The creep behavior could be rationalized using a threshold stress concept with activation energy of 1100 kJ/mol K. TEM analysis of the crept fibers Suggested that the Sapphire phase was deforming by a dislocation mechanism. while the YAG phase deformed by a diffusional mechanism. A creep model was developed which contained geometrical factors for describing the microstructure. Analysis of the data showed that the creep resistance would increase to single crystal values as the phase aspect ratio increased. Further, these two phases-single crystal structures exhibit a flaw-independent strength and are suggested to have a decrease in slow crack growth rate as the transverse phase size decreases. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN,WPAFB,Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Matson, LE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN,WPAFB,Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 80 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2005 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1225 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.01.005 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 931YY UT WOS:000229522600005 ER PT J AU Camberos, JA Moorhouse, DJ Suchomel, CF AF Camberos, JA Moorhouse, DJ Suchomel, CF TI Quantifying irreversible losses for magnetohydrodynamic flow analysis and design integration SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AIAA AB The evolutionary nature of flight-vehicle design and optimization has served technological demands well in order to reach the performance of current aircraft. At times, however. we must depart from the evolutionary process and aim for a breakthrough design. The design of plasma-assisted aerospace vehicles challenges traditional experience and databases. To meet this challenge, the authors propose incorporating the second law of thermodynamics into generalized analysis and design methods based on the concept of exergy. First, the development of the appropriate equations for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid flow are reviewed and summarized. The MHD equations are then supplemented with the entropy- and exergy-balance equations. Then a design framework based on the exergy considerations is presented. Of particular interest to the authors is application of entropy/exergy and the second-law principle in the analysis and design of complex physical systems. This paper has two purposes, the first being to focus on the incorporation of the entropy-generation formula and, by direct correspondence, the exergy-balance equations consistent with compressible MHD fluid flow. This obviously predicates the addition of an MHD device and the effects of that component could be analyzed by this formulation. The second purpose of our work is to present a methodology for analyzing the system integration of such a component We suggest how this general approach can be used to include more complex physical processes with our long-term goal of developing a unified approach to multidisciplinary optimization with minimum entropy generation as the objective function. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Camberos, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.2514/1.5547 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 887RS UT WOS:000226323800010 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW AF Wang, XH Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW TI Semiconductor crystal growth by modified vertical gradient freezing with electromagnetic stirring SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-13, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA ID GASB AB This paper presents a numerical model for the unsteady transport of a dopant during the VGF process by submerged heater growth with a steady axial magnetic field and a steady radial electric current. Electromagnetic (EM) stirring can be induced in the gallium-antimonide melt just above the crystal growth interface by applying a small radial electric current in the melt together with an axial magnetic field. The application of EM stirring provides a significant convective dopant transport in the melt so that the crystal solidifies with relatively good radial and axial homogeneity. Dopant distributions in the crystal and in the melt at several different stages-during growth are presented. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Wang, XH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nancy_ma@ncsu.edu NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.2514/1.10279 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 887RS UT WOS:000226323800011 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH AF Heiser, WH TI The Jet Age, continued SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, POB 428, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM heiser@propulsion.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1115/1.1791278 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 901FA UT WOS:000227267200002 ER PT J AU Buchwald, WR Vaccaro, K AF Buchwald, WR Vaccaro, K TI Sidewall profile control of thick benzocyclobutene reactively ion etched in CF4/O-2 plasmas SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; BCB; PASSIVATION; TECHNOLOGY AB The feasibility of controlling the sidewall angle of thick benzocyclobutene (BCB) etched in a CF4/O-2 plasma using thick photoresist as an etch mask has been investigated. Sidewall angle, BCB etch rate, and BCB to photoresist. selectivity as functions of chamber pressure and CF4 to O-2 ratios are reported. Through the use of postdeveloped reflown photoresist, an optimum sidewall angle of less than 60degrees was achieved at 33 mT chamber pressure. and a 19% CF4/O-2 ratio. The method presented here achieves deep, residue-free etching of thick BCB with a sidewall profile suitable for e-beam evaporated and lifted metal for use in vertical interconnects. (C) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Buchwald, WR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM walter.buchwald@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1116/1.1835313 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 901RZ UT WOS:000227300900009 ER PT J AU Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Kozhukhova, EA Heo, YW Ivill, MP Ip, K Norton, DP Pearton, SJ Kelly, J Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Steiner, T AF Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Kozhukhova, EA Heo, YW Ivill, MP Ip, K Norton, DP Pearton, SJ Kelly, J Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Steiner, T TI Properties of Mn- and Co-doped bulk ZnO crystals SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSISTOR; DEPOSITION AB Electrical and magnetic properties, room temperature optical absorption bands, and 300 and 90 K microcathodo luminescence (MCL) bands were studied in heavily Mn and Co doped (1-5 at. %) bulk ZnO crystals. Optical absorption bands near 1.9 eV (Co) and 2 eV (Mn) and MCL bands near 1.84 eV (Co) and 1.89 eV (Mn) are found to be associated with transition metal (TM) ions. These bands are assigned to internal transitions between the levels of the substitutional TM ions. The temperature dependence of the resistivity of the ZnO showed activation energies of similar to35 meV in all cases and the electron mobilities were decreased relative to the undoped material. (C) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Inst Rare Met, Moscow 119017, Russia. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Inst Rare Met, B Tolmachevsky,5, Moscow 119017, Russia. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1116/1.1856476 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 901RZ UT WOS:000227300900051 ER PT J AU Fairchild, S Jones, J Cahay, M Garre, K Draviam, P Boolchand, P Wu, X Lockwood, DJ AF Fairchild, S Jones, J Cahay, M Garre, K Draviam, P Boolchand, P Wu, X Lockwood, DJ TI Pulsed laser deposition of lanthanum monosulfide thin films on silicon substrates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID COLD-CATHODE; SULFIDE FILMS; GROWTH AB Thin films of lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) have been successfully deposited on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The values of deposition parameters (chamber pressure, substrate temperature, substrate-to-target separation, laser energy, repetition rate, and spot size on the target) leading to a successful growth of films in their cubic rocksalt structure are identified. The films are golden yellow in appearance with a mirror-like surface morphology and possess a sheet resistance around 0.1 Omega/square. X-ray diffraction analysis of thick films (several microns) leads to a lattice constant of 5.863(7) Angstrom, which is close to the bulk LaS value. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals the films to be comprised of nanocrystalline regions separated by amorphous ones. The root-mean-square variation of film surface roughness measured over a 1 mum x 1 mum area is found to be 1.74 nm by atomic force microscopy. These films have potential for semiconductor, vacuum microelectronics, and optoelectronics applications. (C) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Fairchild, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fairchild@wpafb.af.mil RI Boolchand, Punit/A-3334-2008 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 318 EP 321 DI 10.1116/1.1856477 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 901RZ UT WOS:000227300900057 ER PT J AU Rosario, D Zahn, C Bush, AC Kendall, BS AF Rosario, D Zahn, C Bush, AC Kendall, BS TI The significance of high risk human papillomavirus detection in elderly women SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 332 BP 75A EP 75A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238600334 ER PT J AU Davis, SW Carter, MR AF Davis, SW Carter, MR TI CDX2 expression in intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma of the gallbladder: An immunohistochemical study SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 457 BP 100A EP 101A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238600458 ER PT J AU Whittemore, DE Hick, EJ Carter, MR Sexton, WJ AF Whittemore, DE Hick, EJ Carter, MR Sexton, WJ TI Clinical significance of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 in Gleason score 7 radical prostatectomies SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 796 BP 172A EP 173A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238600797 ER PT J AU Auerbach, A Mehrotra, A Goodman, Z Apelian, D Wilber, R AF Auerbach, A Mehrotra, A Goodman, Z Apelian, D Wilber, R TI Correlation of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen immunohistochemical stains with serum HBV DNA and ALT in patients with chronic HBV SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 BP 274A EP 274A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601441 ER PT S AU Zelmon, DE Schepler, KL Guha, S Rush, D Hegde, SA Gonzalez, LP Lee, J AF Zelmon, DE Schepler, KL Guha, S Rush, D Hegde, SA Gonzalez, LP Lee, J BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Optical properties of Nd-doped ceramic yttrium aluminum garnet SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE YAG; ceramic lasers; ceramic laser materials ID YAG; LASER AB The ceramic form of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) was studied to determine its suitability for high power lasers. The high Nd3+ doping, the large material size, and the variable doping level with position in the sample, all achievable in ceramics as opposed to single crystal, may lead to higher power solid state lasers than those currently available. We have compared the optical properties of ceramic YAG doped with 0-9 at% Nd3+ to single-crystal, 1 at% Nd:YAG material. Measurements included scattering, thermo-optic behavior, absorption, fluorescence, and laser damage. Measurements of absorption and emission features showed a small but approximately linear increase in line width with increasing Nd3+ concentration. Nd3+ fluorescence lifetime was rapidly concentration quenched with the 240-mu s lifetime for the 1 at% material decreasing to 30 mu s for the 9 at% ceramic material. Bulk and surface laser damage thresholds were measured for undoped and 1% Nd-doped ceramic YAG samples using ns-duration laser pulses at 1.064 pm. Both bulk and surface damage threshold values were found to be at least as high as that of single crystals. Measurements of the refractive index and thermo-optic coefficients showed no difference between the single crystal and ceramic materials at 1% Nd3+ doping levels. The scattering in the ceramic material was less than half that of the single crystal. These results suggest that for most optical characteristics, the ceramic material is equal to and in some cases superior to the single crystal material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1117/12.584641 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500030 ER PT S AU Savage, JJC O'Neal, K Brown, RA Keeler, JE AF Savage, JJC O'Neal, K Brown, RA Keeler, JE BE Kamerman, GW TI Powered Low Cost Autonomous Attack System: cooperative, autonomous, wide-area-search munitions with capability to serve as non-traditional ISR assets in a network-centric environment SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications X CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE autonomous; munition; LADAR; seeker; network-centric; cooperative control; operator-in-the-loop AB The Powered Low Cost Autonomous Attack System (PLOCAAS) is an Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate Advanced Technology Demonstration program. The PLOCAAS objective is to demonstrate a suite of C, technologies in an affordable miniature munition to autonomously search, detect, identify, track, attack and destroy ground mobile targets of military interest. PLOCAAS incorporates a solid state LADAR seeker and Autonomous Target Acquisition (ATA) algorithms, miniature turbojet engine, multi-mode warhead, and an integrated INS/GPS into a 36" high lift-to-drag airframe. Together, these technologies provide standoff beyond terminal defenses, wide area search capability, and high probability of target report with low false target attack rate with high load-outs. Four LADAR seeker captive flight tests provided the sequestered data for robust Air Force ATA algorithm performance assessment and non-sequestered data for algorithm development. PLOCAAS has had three successful free-flight tests in which the LADAR seeker and ATA algorithms have detected, acquired, identified, tracked, and engaged ground mobile targets. In addition to summarizing program activities to date, this paper will present requirements and capabilities to be C, demonstrated in the next phase of PLOCAAS development. This phase's objective is to demonstrate the military utility of a two-way data-link. The data-link allows Operator-In-The-Loop monitoring and control of miniature, cooperative, wide-area-search munitions and enables them to serve as non-traditional Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets in a network-centric environment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Savage, JJC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5776-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5791 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.606252 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCR81 UT WOS:000230961500007 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ AF Bochove, EJ BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH TI Prediction of passive synchronous phasing in ytterbium-doped multi-core laser arrays due to a negative nonlinear index SO Laser Resonators and Beam Control VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VIII CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE fiber lasers; laser arrays; resonant nonlinear index ID FIBER LASER AB Motivated by the nonlinear phase measurements in rare-earth-doped fibers reported by Digonnet, et al (J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 299 (1997)), I provide theoretical evidence of passive synchronous phasing in ytterbium-doped multi-core fiber laser arrays of up-to 7 cores due to the existence of a negative resonant nonlinear index to which transitions at UV frequencies contribute. The effect appears to become more elusive with increasing array size, and confirmation for a 19-core array, for example, is still sought. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5682-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5708 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.602415 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCH97 UT WOS:000229382400014 ER PT S AU Eric, J Seibert, DB Green, LI AF Eric, J Seibert, DB Green, LI BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH TI Novel method to sample very high power CO2 lasers-II continuing SO Laser Resonators and Beam Control VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VIII CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB For the past 28 years, the Laser Hardened Materials Evaluation Laboratory (LHMEL) at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, has worked with CO2 lasers capable of producing continuous energy up to 150 kW. These lasers are used in a number of advanced materials processing applications that require accurate spatial energy measurements of the laser. Conventional non-electronic methods are not satisfactory for determining the spatial energy profile. This paper describes continuing efforts in qualifying the new method in which a continuous, real-time electronic spatial energy profile can be obtained for very high power, (VHP) CO2 lasers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45333 USA. RP Eric, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ,3005 P St,Rm 253, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5682-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5708 BP 160 EP 169 DI 10.1117/12.594288 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCH97 UT WOS:000229382400017 ER PT S AU Bartell, RJ Perram, GP Fiorino, ST Long, SN Houle, MJ Rice, CA AF Bartell, RJ Perram, GP Fiorino, ST Long, SN Houle, MJ Rice, CA BE Wood, GL TI Methodology for comparing worldwide performance of diverse weight-constrained high energy laser systems SO Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE high energy laser engagement; scaling law model; probability of kill; worldwide analysis AB The Air Force Institute of Technology's Center for Directed Energy has developed a software model, the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS), under the sponsorship of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (JTO), to facilitate worldwide comparisons across a broad range of expected engagement scenarios of expected performance of a diverse range of weight-constrained high energy laser system types. HELEEOS has been designed to meet JTO's goals of supporting a broad range of analyses applicable to the operational requirements of all the military services, constraining weapon effectiveness through accurate engineering performance assessments allowing its use as an investment strategy tool, and the establishment of trust among military leaders. HELEEOS is anchored to re spected wave optics codes and all significant degradation effects, including thermal blooming and optical turbulence, are represented in the model. The model features operationally oriented performance metrics, e.g. dwell time required to achieve a prescribed probability of kill and effective range. Key features of HELEEOS include estimation of the level of uncertainty in the calculated P-k and generation of interactive nomographs to allow the user to further explore a desired parameter space. Worldwide analyses are enabled at five wavelengths via recently available databases capturing climatological, seasonal, diurnal, and geographical spatial-temporal variability in atmospheric parameters including molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering profiles and optical turbulence strength. Examples are provided of the impact of uncertainty in weight-power relationships, coupled with operating condition variability, on results of performance comparisons between chemical and solid state lasers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bartell, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5777-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5792 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.603384 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCR87 UT WOS:000230976800010 ER PT S AU Manke, GC Madden, TJ Cooper, CB Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Madden, TJ Cooper, CB Hager, GD BE Wood, GL TI The measurement of gain in a supersonic, combustion-driven generator for NCl(a(1)Delta) SO Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE all gas phase iodine laser; AGIL; COIL; chemical lasers ID QUENCHING RATE CONSTANTS; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ATOMIC IODINE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELEMENTARY REACTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CHEMICAL-LASER; NCL; KINETICS AB The measurement of positive small signal gain on the 1.315 mu m spin orbit transition of atomic iodine following energy transfer from chemically generated NCl(a(1)Delta) is reported. Previous instances of gain produced by energy transfer from NCl(a(1)Delta) used DC discharges to generate F and Cl atoms; this report describes recent progress towards a true chemical laser device which uses a high temperature chemical combustor and a supersonic reactor to generate NCl(a(1)Delta). These improvements represent a significant step towards the development and demonstration of a scalable All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) device. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5777-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5792 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.603849 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCR87 UT WOS:000230976800012 ER PT S AU Chen, L Rose, RT Qiao, Y Kimbara, I Parrill, F Welji, H Han, TX Tu, JL Huang, ZQ Harper, M Quek, F Xiong, YG McNeill, D Tuttle, R Huang, T AF Chen, L Rose, RT Qiao, Y Kimbara, I Parrill, F Welji, H Han, TX Tu, JL Huang, ZQ Harper, M Quek, F Xiong, YG McNeill, D Tuttle, R Huang, T BE Renals, S Bengio, S TI VACE multimodal meeting corpus SO MACHINE LEARNING FOR MULTIMODAL INTERACTION SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction CY JUL 11-13, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP AMI, CHIL, HUMAINE, PASCAL, SIMILAR, IM2 AB In this paper, we report on the infrastructure we have developed to support our research on multimodal cues for understanding meetings. With our focus on multimodality, we investigate the interaction among speech, gesture, posture, and gaze in meetings. For this purpose, a high quality multimodal corpus is being produced. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, CHCI, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM quek@vt.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-32549-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3869 BP 40 EP 51 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEA54 UT WOS:000236462900004 ER PT J AU Searles, T Tiley, J Tanner, A Williams, R Rollins, B Lee, E Kar, S Banerjee, R Fraser, HL AF Searles, T Tiley, J Tanner, A Williams, R Rollins, B Lee, E Kar, S Banerjee, R Fraser, HL TI Rapid characterization of titanium microstructural features for specific modelling of mechanical properties SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lath thickness; grain size; volume fraction; alpha phase; beta phase; focused ion beam; scanning electron microscope; Fovea Pro; Photoshop; stereology; titanium microstructure ID TI-6AL-4V AB Mechanical properties of alpha/beta Ti alloys are closely related to their microstructure. The complexity of the microstructural features involved makes it rather difficult to develop models for predicting properties of these alloys. Advances in stereology and microscopy permit rapid characterization of various features in Ti alloys including Widmanstatten alpha-laths, grain sizes, grain shapes, colony structures and volume fractions of different phases. This research documents the stereology procedures for characterizing microstructural features in Ti alloys, including the use of three-dimensional serial sectioning and reconstruction procedures for developing through material measurements. The resulting data indicate the powerful characterization processes now available, and the ability to rapidly assess microstructural features in Ti alloys. The processes were tested using Ti-62222 by serial sectioning the sample and conducting automated stereology protocols to determine features. In addition, three-dimensional reconstruction was completed on a Ti-6242 sample to evaluate lath interactions within the alloy. Results indicate the tremendous potential for characterizing microstructures using advanced techniques. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/009 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800010 ER PT S AU Hay, RS Fair, G Mogilevsky, P Boakye, E AF Hay, Randall S. Fair, Geoff Mogilevsky, Pavel Boakye, Emmanuel BE LaraCurzio, E TI MEASUREMENT OF FIBER COATING THICKNESS VARIATION SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; STRENGTH AB The thickness of a fiber coating may vary significantly along a fiber, and the average thickness may vary between fibers. Coating bridges and fins between close packed fibers and crusting of coating around the perimeter of a fiber tow or cloth arc some features that contribute to thickness nonuniformity. Such features have generally been described subjectively. However, quantitative and reproducible thickness nonuniformity measurements are desirable so that the effects of such nonuniformity on properties of ceramic matrix composites can be evaluated. Parameters that may sufficiently characterize coating thickness nonuniformity and methods for measuring those parameters are presented and discussed. C1 [Hay, Randall S.; Fair, Geoff] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200002 ER PT J AU Bieler, TR Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL AF Bieler, TR Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL TI An experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of local colony orientations and misorientation on cavitation during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; STRESS STATE; FLOW; TRANSFORMATION; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE; ALLOYS; SHEET AB Orientation in aging microscopy was used to determine the effect of local crystallographic texture on the size of cavities formed during hot tension testing at 815degreesC and a strain rate of 0.1 zeta(-1) in Ti-6Al-4V with a colony-alpha microstructure. Cavities nucleated preferentially in the alpha-beta interface along prior-beta grain boundaries that were perpendicular to the tension axis, adjacent to colonies with a (hard) c-axis colony orientation parallel to the tension axis. Cavity growth was most rapid at locations where 20 to 40 pct of the area surrounding the cavity also had colonies with soft orientations (with the c-axis inclined to the tension axis). The constraint of the hard orientations and the strongly incompatible anisotropic deformation by prism and basal slip in the softer orientations appeared to facilitate cavity nucleation and growth in these local regions. To interpret these observations, a simple model was developed to quantify the effect of the misorientation between neighboring colonies on the partitioning of strain between them and the development of a local stress trixiality. Estimates of the local strains and stress states were then incorporated into plasticity-controlled cavity-growth model to estimate the cavity-growth rate, and thus cavity sizes. Predicted cavity sizes following initiation were very sensitive to the local strain and the hydrostatic stress through its effect on the cavity-growth parameter. The model was successful in differentiating growth rates according to local values of the Taylor factor. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bieler, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bieler@egr.msu.edu NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 1 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0145-9 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 885LU UT WOS:000226158900013 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Semiatin, SL AF Miller, JD Semiatin, SL TI Effect of the size distribution of alpha particles on microstructure evolution during heat treatment of an alpha/beta titanium alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A model was developed to describe the diffusional growth of a size distribution of alpha particles in Ti-6Al-4V during cooldown following alpha/beta solution treatment. Model results for initial microstructures with the same initial volume fraction of alpha but comprising either a distribution of particle, sizes or a uniform particle size (equal to the average size of the distribution) yielded almost identical results in terms of final volume fraction and average particle size. The simulations quantified the narrowing of the size distribution associated with the different growth rates of small and large particles. C1 UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM jonathan.miller@wpafb.af.ml NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 1 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0158-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 885LU UT WOS:000226158900026 ER PT S AU Zingarelli, JC Marciniak, MA Foley, JR AF Zingarelli, JC Marciniak, MA Foley, JR BE Ozkan, CS LaVan, DA McNie, M Prasad, S TI Detection of residual stress in silicon carbide MEMS by mu-Raman spectroscopy SO Micro- and Nanosystems-Materials and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micro- and Nanosystems held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Micro-Raman (mu-Raman) spectroscopy is used to measure residual stress in single-crystal, 6H-silicon carbide (SiC) used in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) devices. These structures are bulk micro-machined by back etching a 250-mu m-thick, single-crystal 6H-SiC wafer (p-type, 7 Omega-cm, 3.5 degrees off-axis) to form a 50-mu m thick diaphragm. A Wheatstone bridge, patterned of piezoresistive elements, is formed across the membrane from a 5-mu m, 6H-SiC (n-type, doped 3.8 x 10(18) cm(-3)) epilayer; the output of the bridge is proportional to the flexure of the MEMS diaphragm. For these samples, the mu-Raman spectroscopy is performed using a Renishaw In Via Raman spectrometer with an argon-ion excitation source (lambda = 514.5 nm, hv = 2.41 eV) with an approximate 1-mu m(2) spot size through the 50X objective. By employing an incorporated piezoelectric stage with submicron positioning capabilities along with the Raman spectral acquisition, spatial scans are performed to reveal areas in the MEMS structures that contain residual stress. Shifts in the transverse optical (TO) Stokes peaks of up to 2 cm(-1) along the edge of the diaphragm and through the piezoresistors indicate significant material strain induced by the MEMS fabrication process. The phonon deformation potential is measured to quantify the material stress as a function of the shift in the Raman peak position. The line center of the TO Stokes peak is shifted by applying a uniform stress to the sample and monitoring the applied stress using a strain gauge, while the mu-Raman spectrum is being measured. A spectral analysis code tracks the shift of the Raman peak position with respect to the line center of the Rayleigh peak to account for any thermal drift of the spectrometer during the time of the area scan. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zingarelli, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-826-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 872 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BDN45 UT WOS:000234461000007 ER PT S AU Stanley, JE Mills, RF Raines, RA Baldwin, RO AF Stanley, Jeffrey E. Mills, Robert F. Raines, Richard A. Baldwin, Rusty O. GP IEEE TI Correlating network services with operational mission impact SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE ID ATTACKS AB Correlating network events (device failures, network attacks, etc.) with mission or operational impact has traditionally been an ad hoc, manually intensive process. In this paper, we present a solution to the problem of correlating network events with the effect on the overall mission. Our approach is based on best practices identified in the Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure Library, which provides a framework for aligning IT services with the customer's operational requirements. Our solution, the Mission Service Automation Architecture (MSAA), correlates network traffic flows to operational capabilities using configuration management databases and independent software agents that encapsulate IT service management codes into network packet headers. Further, the MSAA automates and enhances the capability of network monitoring, access, and configuration mechanisms and provides increased levels of network security, awareness, performance, and control. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanley, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920500026 ER PT S AU Oleski, PJ Asiano, B AF Oleski, Paul J. Asiano, Bill GP IEEE TI Portable universal ground processing unit for remote satellite control SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Software programmable electronics for remote satellite tracking stations has been developed which can be controlled from a separate satellite operations center (SOC). This Telemetry Tracking and Commanding (TT&C) and communications equipment provides a six times reduction in size over legacy equipment. The Pot-table Universal Ground Processing Unit (PUGPU) system supports the full set of telemetry, commanding, and ranging (TCR) ground processing functions. It has been developed as a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project with RT Logic of Colorado under AF Research Laboratory's Information Grid Division in Rome, NY. The PUGPU is a compact design, housed in a half rack height enclosure enabling it to replace multiple 19 '' racks of equivalent functionality. The configuration supports uplink and downlink RF frequency conversion subsystem (FCS), direct S-/L-Band In-phase Quadrature (SLIQ) modulation and demodulation, digital baseband TCR processing (Telemetrix 70170 XL), and downlink spectrum monitoring and analysis (DSA). The system supports commercial applications developed by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and is AF Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) compatible, being approved for use by the US Air Force within the Automated Remote Tracking Stations (ARTS). A much fuller implementation of the CCSDS protocols is also addressed, including the Space Link Extensions (SLE) utilized within the Telemetrix 500GT for remotely interfacing the ground facility to the SOC via wide area networks. The PUGPU has been demonstrated acquiring NASA and DoD telemetry downlinks using both fixed parabolic and electronically scanned antennas (ESA). This paper will describe the components, capability and applications of this system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFGE, Rome, NY USA. RP Oleski, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFGE, Rome, NY USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 1047 EP 1051 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920501059 ER PT S AU Oleski, PJ Bharj, SS Thaduri, M AF Oleski, Paul J. Bharj, Sarjit S. Thaduri, Madan GP IEEE TI Transmit receive module for S-band electronically scanned antenna with on board digital control, health monitoring and telemetry SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Satellites require timely tracking, telemetry, anti command (TT&C) for payload operation. The ground antenna is one of the key elements that enable satellite control and payload operations. To support the operation of a large number of satellites at various orbits, operators need a network of antennas distributed around the globe, such as the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN), to contact satellites at a predetermined time and location. Currently, they use large mechanically steered parabolic dishes to provide hemispherical covet-age and simultaneous transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) capabilities in support of Department of Defense (DoD) satellite operations (SATOPS) Network designers used reflector antennas because of relatively low acquisition cost. The current reflector antennas used to support satellite operations are approximately 10 in in diameter and are susceptible to single point failure and long downtime for repair and maintenance. S-Band component technology provided by the cell phone industry will now allow an affordable electronically scanned antenna (ESA). Current SATOPS require a more efficient and flexible antenna system. The ESA can offer superior performance, operability, adaptability and maintainability for satellite operation. This paper will present the design of a TR module that can provide one Transmit (Tx) and two Receive (Rx) links to a satellite. The TR module will be part of a dome shaped antenna that could provide multiple simultaneous ground to satellite links. This geodome antenna will provide multiple simultaneous operations with pointing and acquisition taking seconds. One dome antenna can replace the capability of three AFSCN parabolic dishes. The next generation low cost TR module will be developed by the AFRL/ Information Grid Division (IFG) and Princeton Microwave Technology Inc. for the next generation of the AF Satellite Control Network (AFSCN). The, TR module differs from previous modules in Ref, [1..5] in that it consists of a single Tx channel capable of 33 dBm of output power and two Rx channels with a gain of 30 dB per channel. In addition, beam switching and on board digital control has been implemented where the Tx and Rx channels provide four-bit phase shift. In addition to the control functions, built-in test (BIT) circuits will monitor the health and status of the RF devices. This, function utilizes a low-power micro-controller to output digital data for each of the power and low noise amplifiers, via AID converters. The bandwidth of the TR module has been designed to cover both the Unified S-Band (USB) and Satellite Ground Link Subsystem (SGLS). The TR functions are combined at the output via a ceramic resonator diplexer comprised of a band pass-band stop filter. The control of the TR module is conducted via a single programmable logic device (PLD) controller through a DAQ computer interface. The TR module has been designed to meet the cost objective for a dome antenna with approximately 47,000 TR modules. A 2(nd) generation 78 element triangular panel of TR modules is now planned to be developed, leveraging off lessons learned from generation One. This paper will describe the layout and design of the 2nd generation TR module. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFGE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Oleski, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFGE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM oleskip@rl.af.mil; sarjit@princetonmicrowave.com; madan@princetonmicrowave.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 1110 EP 1114 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920501069 ER PT J AU Callison, GM AF Callison, GM TI Is a dental health risk assessment predictive of dental health? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A complete dental examination is the basis for identifying the dental readiness of Air Force Reserve Command members. Historically, these were done on an infrequent basis. Recently, an annual dental examination has been mandated for all military members. Current dental personnel manning and resources are not sufficient to accomplish this dramatic increase in dental examination workload. To help alleviate this demand, a Dental Health Risk Assessment questionnaire was developed and tested to see if it could accurately screen out a dental problem severe enough to make a member non-worldwide deployable (Dental Readiness Classification of 3). These members would be scheduled for a dental examination first. The questionnaire asked members to self-identify dental health problems. Their answers were compared with the findings from the military dental examination. Unfortunately, the results did not match the survey's expectation. Accurately predicting who needed to be scheduled for a comprehensive dental examination, based on how a member answered the survey questions, was not accomplished. It is hoped that further research and refinement may make a predictive Dental Health Risk Assessment possible. C1 HQ AFRC SGD, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Callison, GM (reprint author), HQ AFRC SGD, Bldg 221,135 Page Rd, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800005 PM 15724850 ER PT B AU Portrey, AM Keck, L Schreiber, B Bennett, W AF Portrey, AM Keck, L Schreiber, B Bennett, W BE FelizTeixeira, JM Brito, AEC TI Measuring human performance in multinational distributed events: Lessons learned from the first Warfighter Alliance in a Virtual Environment (Exercise FirstWAVE) SO Modelling and Simulation 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM 2005) CY OCT 24-26, 2005 CL Univ Porto, Oporto, PORTUGAL SP Ghent Univ, DII, Seconda Univ Studi Napoli, ISA, Porto Camera Municipal, SIMULA HO Univ Porto DE military; behavioral science; decision Support Systems; statistical analysis; performance analysis AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Warfighter Readiness Research Division, is conducting research to measure and track Warfighter performance of knowledge and skills from an individual level to the Command and Control (C2) level, within both high fidelity distributed Simulation environments and live training environments. One critical development is a performance measurement system, the Performance Evaluation Tracking System (PETS), which captures data necessary for competency-based assessment and evaluations, end-User performance feedback, simulator technology developer validation, and for researcher and program manager evaluation of training techniques and technologies. PETS is comprised of various components that allow integration into focused benchmark studies, large scale distributed coalition operations, and live-fly training scenarios. This paper will describe the application of PETS during the multi-national Warfighter Alliance in a Virtual Environment (FirstWAVE) coalition simulation event; discuss the lessons learned, the impact of different levels of abstraction and representational levels of correlation in the data, and the challenges facing both researchers and operational personnel for both producing and using performance data and methods. C1 AF Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Portrey, AM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 90-77381-22-8 PY 2005 BP 354 EP 361 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BDU79 UT WOS:000235515700055 ER PT J AU Rosario, D Zahn, C Bush, AC Kendall, BS AF Rosario, D Zahn, C Bush, AC Kendall, BS TI The significance of high risk human papillomavirus detection in elderly women SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 333 BP 75A EP 75A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117900334 ER PT J AU Davis, SW Carter, MR AF Davis, SW Carter, MR TI CDX2 expression in intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma of the gallbladder: An immunohistochernical study SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 457 BP 100A EP 101A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117900458 ER PT J AU Wilson, NP Balaji, KC Johansson, SL Sterret, S Abrahams, NA AF Wilson, NP Balaji, KC Johansson, SL Sterret, S Abrahams, NA TI Clinical significance of benign glands at the surgical margins in robotic radical prostatectomy specimens SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 797 BP 172A EP 172A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117900797 ER PT J AU Klassen-Fischer, MK Neafie, RC Hayden, RT AF Klassen-Fischer, MK Neafie, RC Hayden, RT TI Surgical pathology of arthropods: Case series review and development of a diagnostic algorithm SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 1216 BP 263A EP 263A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117901369 ER PT J AU Grote, JG Diggs, DE Nelson, RL Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK Ogata, N Hagen, JA Heckman, E Yaney, PP Stone, MO Dalton, LR AF Grote, JG Diggs, DE Nelson, RL Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK Ogata, N Hagen, JA Heckman, E Yaney, PP Stone, MO Dalton, LR TI DNA photonics [deoxyribonucleic acid] SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE cladding; conductive polymer; deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; electro-optic modulator; fluorescence; nonlinear; optical amplifier; waveguide AB Purified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) derived from salmon and scallop sperm has demonstrated excellent passive and active optical. properties. Characterization of the optical and electromagnetic properties of DNA suggests suitability for photonic applications. One of interesting features of DNA we discovered was an intercalation. of aromatic compounds into stacked layers within the double helix of DNA molecules. We found that various optical dyes inserted into the double helix of DNA molecules rendered active optical waveguide materials with excellent nonlinear optical properties. Our research included the investigation of DNA for use as an optical waveguide material as well as intercalation of fluorescent dyes, photochromic dyes, nonlinear optic chromophores, two photon dyes and rare earth compounds into DNA for use as a nonlinear optical material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Chitose Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Photon Mat Sci, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldg 651,Rm 228, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.grote@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2005 VL 426 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1080/15421400590890615 PG 15 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 920ML UT WOS:000228694700002 ER PT S AU Salerno, J Hinman, M Boulware, D AF Salerno, J Hinman, M Boulware, D BE Dasarathy, BV TI A situation awareness model applied to multiple domains SO Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion: Architectures, Algorithms and Applications 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE situation awareness; JDL; Endsley; global monitoring; cyber; strategic AB Full Spectrum Dominance, or as defined by Joint Vision 2020, the ability to be persuasive in peace, decisive in war and preeminent in any form of conflict, cannot be accomplished without the ability to know what the adversary is currently doing as well as the capacity to correctly anticipate the adversary's future actions. A key component in the ability to predict the adversary's intention is Situation Awareness (SA). In this paper we provide a discussion of an SA model, examine a specific instantiation of the model and demonstrate how it has been applied to two specific domains: Global Monitoring and Cyber Awareness. We conclude this paper with a discussion on future work. C1 USAF, AFRL, IFEA, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, IFEA, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5798-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5813 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.603735 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCL47 UT WOS:000229855500007 ER PT S AU Salerno, J Blasch, E Hinman, M Boulware, D AF Salerno, J Blasch, E Hinman, M Boulware, D BE Dasarathy, BV TI Evaluating algorithmic techniques in supporting situation awareness SO Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion: Architectures, Algorithms and Applications 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE situation awareness; metrics; evaluation; precision; recall; misassignment rate; evidence recall; cost utility; timeliness; data to information ratio ID DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS AB How well does an algorithm support its purpose and user base? Has automation provided the user with the ability to augment their production, quality or responsiveness? In a number of systems today these questions can be answered by either Measures of Performance (MOP) or Measures of Effectiveness (MOE). However, the fusion community has not yet developed sufficient measures and has only recently devoted a concerted effort to address this deficiency. In this paper, we will summarize work in metrics for the lower levels of fusion (object ID, tracking, etc) and discuss whether these same metrics still apply to the higher levels (Situation Awareness), or if other approaches are necessary. We conclude this paper with a set of future activities and direction. C1 USAF, AFRL, IFEA, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, IFEA, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5798-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5813 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1117/12.603825 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCL47 UT WOS:000229855500010 ER PT S AU Nkrumah, F Grandhi, G Sundaresan, MJ Derriso, M AF Nkrumah, F Grandhi, G Sundaresan, MJ Derriso, M BE Shull, PJ Gyekenyesi, AL Mufti, AA TI Identification of failure modes in composite materials SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF AEROSPACE MATERIALS, COMPOSITES, AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials, Composites, and Civil Infrastructure CY MAR 08-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SENSOR; WAVES AB Recently a new structural health monitoring system that employs a "continuous acoustic emission sensor" and an embeddable local processor has been proposed. The development of a processor that integrates the functions of signal conditioning, feature extraction, data storage, and digital communication is currently in progress. A prototype of this local processor chip has been developed. The integration of a continuous sensor with an embeddable local processor can potentially enable an inexpensive method of monitoring large and complex structures using acoustic emission signals. Such a system can reduce the cost, complexity, and weight of the required instrumentation. It is potentially scalable to large and complex structures and could be integrated into the structural material. The success of the acoustic emission based structural health monitoring technique depends on its ability to discriminate between valid acoustic emission signals and ambient noise. In addition, the technique should be able to identify the damage mode from the acoustic emission waveforms. This paper focuses on the use of acoustic emission technique for the identification of failure modes in composite materials. Three types of failure modes in glass fabric epoxy composite laminates are considered. These are two types of delamination growth and transverse crack growth. Wavelet analysis is used to extract time frequency information from the acoustic emission signals. Different features of the waveform including the frequency components, Symmetric and Antisymmetric components, and amplitudes are used to classify the signals and identify the failure modes. The laboratory tests indicate that it is possible to distinguish the individual failure modes under consideration. It was also possible to filter out spurious AE signals that originate from extraneous sources using an appropriate choice of sensors and frequency components. An attempt is made to relate the rate of damage growth with the detected acoustic emission signal parameters. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM mannur@ncat.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5748-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5767 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.600134 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCO18 UT WOS:000230386000003 ER PT J AU Beran, PS Lucia, DJ AF Beran, PS Lucia, DJ TI A reduced order cyclic method for computation of limit cycles SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE aeroelasticity; computational aeroelasticity; harmonic balance; limit cycle oscillation; proper orthogonal decomposition; reduced order modeling ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; AEROELASTICITY; OSCILLATIONS; PANEL AB A reduced order cyclic method was developed to compute limit-cycle oscillations for large, nonlinear, multidisciplinary systems of equations. Method efficacy was demonstrated for two simplified models: a typical-section airfoil with nonlinear structural coupling and a nonlinear panel in high-speed flow. The cyclic method was verified to maintain second-order temporal accuracy, yield converged limit cycles in about 10 Newton iterates, and provide precise estimates of cycle frequency. This method was projected onto a low-order space using a set of variables governing the amplitudes of empirically derived modes, which were computed with the proper orthogonal decomposition. In this reduced order form, the cyclic Jacobian was greatly compressed, allowing accurate limit cycle solutions to be very efficiently computed. C1 USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beran, PS (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s11071-005-1921-1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 899PT UT WOS:000227157600009 ER PT S AU Thomas, RJ Buffington, GD Irvin, LJ Edwards, ML Cain, CP Schuster, KJ Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA AF Thomas, RJ Buffington, GD Irvin, LJ Edwards, ML Cain, CP Schuster, KJ Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Experimental and theoretical studies of broadband optical thermal damage to the retina SO Ophthalmic Technologies XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY JAN 22-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE retina; optical radiation; damage; exposure limits; thermal damage models AB The evaluation of the safety of high-power light Sources requires a broad understanding of both thermal and photochemical damage mechanisms in retinal tissue. A comprehensive model which can Support complex spectral, temporal and spatial dependency of these effects is essential to evaluation of existing safe exposure limits across a broad parameter space. We present an initial implementation of a thermal damage model along with validating experiments. The model is capable of examining a wide parameter space and is highly extensible to the examination of a variety of damage mechanisms. Also presented is,I recent Study which examines the effects of a filtered Xenon arc lamp for an exposure duration of ten seconds. This data is examined in relation to the model and a number of historical data points. We also examine exposure limits from the American Council of Government Industrial Hygienists as they apply to these Sources. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5662-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5688 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1117/12.589936 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BCF46 UT WOS:000229038000050 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Nonlinear transformation analysis of the misregistered trade-off heterocorrelation filter: part 1, using full spectrum information SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pattern recognition; correlation; classification ID HETEROGENEOUS CORRELATION; OBSCURED INPUTS; RECOGNITION; CORRELATOR; DISCRIMINATION; TARGET; NOISE AB We analyze an algorithm for the misregistered trade-off heterocorrelation filter (HCF) using nonlinear transformation methods. This HCF consists of a matched filter modified by a transmittance function that has been optimized for the metric peak-to-mismatched energy. We find that this algorithm employs a new form of the nonlinear synthetic discriminant function algorithm that generates multiple correlation peaks for both autocorrelation and heterocorrelation when the filter function is made up of functions misregistered (i.e., shifted) with respect to each other. By means of computer simulations we study the effect that the trade-off factor (beta), weighting the Fourier spectrum difference, has on the autocorrelation, heterocorrelation, and cross-correlations for centered inputs when the matched filter is used as the basic filter. We find that as beta increases, the difference between the autocorrelation and heterocorrelation peak intensities diminishes and reaches a minimum value when beta approaches 1. Furthermore, we find that for exactly registered (i.e., unshifted) images used to make up the HCF, there is only one order of autocorrelation peak and only one order of heterocorrelation peak; however, as the amount of misregistration increases, both the autocorrelation and heterocorrelation peaks split into many orders and their positions are displaced relative to each other. The amount of shift between successive autocorrelation and heterocorrelation peaks is equal to the amount of shift in the misregistered images used to make up the filter. (C) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 AR 017201 DI 10.1117/1.1828090 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904IP UT WOS:000227489600039 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Nonlinear transformation analysis of the misregistered trade-off heterocorrelation filter: part 2, using the phase-only filter SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pattern recognition; correlation; classification ID HETEROGENEOUS CORRELATION AB We continue our study of the misregistered trade-off heterocorrelation filter (HCF), introduced in Part 1. Instead of using the matched filter, we use only the phases of the Fourier transforms of the functions constituting the filter, with our basic filter being the phase-only filter. We show that by adjusting the value of the trade-off factor it is possible to make the correlation pattern and intensities of the heterocorrelation peaks equal to those of the autocorrelation peaks; in effect, making the HCF a homogeneous filter. This means that it can equally recognize totally different objects that one designs it to recognize. These results (1) turn out to be independent of the amount of misregistration (i.e., shift) between the centers of the impulse responses of the functions making up the filter and (2) can also support the claim that a HCF is a totally new approach to generating synthetic discriminant filter functions. We also produce plots showing how the intensities, peak-to-noise ratios, and peak-to-secondary ratios of both autocorrelation and heterocorrelation peaks behave as a function of trade-off factor. (C) 2005 Society of PhotoOptical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 AR 017202 DI 10.1117/1.1828091 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904IP UT WOS:000227489600040 ER PT S AU Kumru, S Cain, C Noojin, G Imholte, M Cox, D Crane, C Rockwell, B AF Kumru, S Cain, C Noojin, G Imholte, M Cox, D Crane, C Rockwell, B BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI ED50 study of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses on porcine skin SO Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVI CY JAN 24-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser; terawatt; ferntosecond skin; mini-pig; porcine; infrared; MVL; ED50 AB We report on our measurements of the Minimum Visible Lesion (MVL) thresholds for porcine(*) skin [Yucatan mini-pig (Sus scrofa domestica)] for laser exposures at 810 nm and sub-50 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. In this study we measured the ED50 skin thresholds from laser pulses that produced multiple self-focusing filaments while propagating from the laser to the skin. These high-powered (1-2 terawatt) filaments were focused on the flank of mini-pig and three trained readers determined the number of lesions becoming visible at 1-hour and 24-hour post-exposure. The observed damage patterns on the skin surface indicated the number of filaments in the laser pulse and these were photographed for future reference. Histological sections were obtained after both readings and the results will be reported later for sub-surface damage. The threshold using preliminary data at I-hour was 9 mJ of energy and increased to 25 mJ after 24 hours. This increase in threshold indicated that many of the laser pulses produced only superficial damage (erthemia) that disappeared in 24 hours and that nearly 3 times the pulse energy was required to cause subsurface or cellular damage. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kumru, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5669-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5695 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.585036 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Optics SC Biophysics; Optics GA BCH88 UT WOS:000229361500023 ER PT S AU Lin, A Magnell, C Woods, CL AF Lin, A Magnell, C Woods, CL BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Pose-invariant facial verification for a controlled entry system using optical/digital processing SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVI CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE face recognition; biometric security; controlled entry system; synthetic discriminant; BPOF; optical/digital correlator; template matching ID RECOGNITION AB We describe a pose-invariant facial verification system for cooperative subjects for use in a controlled entry system. Facial images in several poses are acquired for template correlation to construct synthetic discriminate binary phase only filters (SDBPOF). SDBPOF is used to compensate for variances such as head rotation and tilt. Correlation accuracy is determined by SDBPOF construction. Subject identification based on facial appearance was performed with a digitally simulated 4-f optoelectronic correlator comparing performance between binary phase only filters (BPOFs) and SDBPOFs. Recognition accuracy and false positive rates were determined for each mode of operation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lin, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5801-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5816 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.604055 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCK97 UT WOS:000229800200012 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Kierstead, J AF Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Kierstead, J BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Optically addressed MEMS driven with high frequency modulated light SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVI CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS; deformable mirrors; spatial light modulator AB In this paper we propose a new operational mechanism for an optically addressed deformable mirror device. The device consists of a pixilated metallized membrane mirror supported above an optically addressed photoconductive substrate. A conductive transparent conductive electrode is deposited on the backside of the substrate. A DC bias is applied between the membrane and the back electrode of the device accompanied with very high frequency modulated light. The membrane is deformed when light is shone from the backside of the device. This occurs due to impedance and bias redistribution between the two cascaded impedances. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5801-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5816 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.604207 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCK97 UT WOS:000229800200015 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Lorenzo, J Kierstead, J AF Khoury, J Woods, CL Lorenzo, J Kierstead, J BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Resolution limits for time-of-flight imaging laser radar SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVI CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB In previous work we introduced a new metric for the image resolution volume that couples the spatial resolution with the range resolution. We showed from a quantum noise consideration that there is a constant volume resolution and that one can trade-off spatial resolution at the expense of range resolution, and vise-a-versa. This theory was developed for a heterodyne LADAR system. In this paper we extend our previous heterodyne LADAR system theory to develop a image resolution volume metric for time-of-flight LADAR system, where device parameters such as optical amplifier noise are included. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5801-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5816 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1117/12.604178 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCK97 UT WOS:000229800200029 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Kierstead, J AF Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Kierstead, J BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Two-beam coupling deconvolution via spatially variable dynamic spectral compression SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVI CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID JOINT TRANSFORM CORRELATION; NOISE-REDUCTION AB During the last decade we have extended the implementation of companding techniques in communication theory to apply to improve image processing in several optical systems by using implementations using nonlinear optical media. In this paper we introduce a photorefractive two-beam-coupling deconvolution using spatially-variable dynamic spectral compression. Resolution recovery of blurred noisy images is demonstrated for several different type of image blur. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5801-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5816 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1117/12.604193 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCK97 UT WOS:000229800200030 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI The effect of obscuration's illumination and noise on retrieval and recognition for the generalized minimum mean-square-error filter SO Optical Pattern Recognition XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XVI CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE correlation; image obscuration; target identification/retrieval; pattern recognition; signal processing; optical processing ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; OBSCURED INPUTS; PERFORMANCE AB We introduce for the first time a novel and unique algorithm for a generalized form for a minimum mean-square-error image processing filter. This algorithm can be used to recognize or retrieve an image that is not only partially obscured by a constant disjoint background, but is also simultaneously blurred and overlaid with additive gaussian noise. Although this algorithm can be applied to many general filter forms that have never been considered before, we test the performance of this filter in four novel obscured-version operating modes: three recognition modes and one retrieval mode. These tests included varying the levels of the background illumination and of the additive white noise, as well as varying the amount of obscuration on the image. Our simulation results show that it is possible to recognize or retrieve images that are as much as 90% obscured, as well as bluffed and noisy with a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.1. We also show that the background illumination of the obscuring object improves the performance of the filter in both its recognition or retrieval modes. This work should be a significant advance in the pattern recognition area for both automatic target recognition and machine vision. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5801-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5816 BP 284 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.604200 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCK97 UT WOS:000229800200031 ER PT S AU McManamon, PF Watson, EA Shi, J Bos, PJ AF McManamon, PF Watson, EA Shi, J Bos, PJ BE Sagan, SF Marshall, GF TI Nonmechanical steering of the field of view of broad spectral band optical systems SO Optical Scanning 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Scanning 2005 Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical phased arrays; spatial light modulators; nonmechanical beam steering; achromatic Fourier transform lens; sheared liquid crystals ID ACHROMATIC FOURIER TRANSFORMATION AB Methods of nonmechanically steering broad spectral band light will enable many low cost electro-optical systems that employ broadband sensors (such as flir or TV). Nonmechanical optical phased array approaches have been demonstrated for narrow band electro-optical systems. However these approaches tend to be highly dispersive because of the diffractive effects associated with the modulo 2 pi phase resets within the apertures. In this paper we describe approaches to compensate or minimize these dispersive effects. A means to compensate for the dispersion using wavelength independent phase modulators and achromatic Fourier transform lenses is discussed. A means to minimize dispersive effects through the use of larger-than-2 pi phase resets is also presented, including a possible means of implementing such an approach using cascaded microlens arrays that are electronically controllable. The addition of nonmechanical approaches for steering broadband radiation will significantly accelerate the revolution in electrooptical systems from conventional steering to non-mechanical steering. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McManamon, PF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5878-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5873 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.614932 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDC15 UT WOS:000232582800002 ER PT S AU Foshee, J Tang, SN Colegrove, J Tang, YJ Lin, JB Zhang, XP AF Foshee, J Tang, SN Colegrove, J Tang, YJ Lin, JB Zhang, XP BE Ming, H Zhang, XP Chen, MY TI Integrated high speed digital optical true-time-delay module for synthetic aperture radars SO OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND INTEGRATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Devices and Integration CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Opt Soc DE polymeric waveguides; electro-optic; gratings; optical true-time-delays ID PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS; NETWORK AB This paper provides a description of the research for the development of an integrated high speed true-time-delay module for synthetic aperture radars. The unique feature of the approach is that the true-time-delay waveguide circuit and electro-optic switching elements are integrated. As a result this integration significantly reduces the device size while simplifying the difficult packaging problem associated with the interfaces between optical fibers and optical switches. Such a monolithic approach provides greater precision for the RF phase control that the phase control provided by fiber-delay-lines as a result to the submicrometer accuracy of lithography-defined polymeric waveguides. More importantly, the optical switched true-time-delay network requires less electrical power due to the low power consumption of electrically-switchable waveguide gratings. Furthermore, the electrically-switchable waveguide gratings have a very fast switching speed (< 50 mu s) that is at least 100 time faster than any existing commercial optical switching matrix. C1 AFRL, IFGD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tang, SN (reprint author), AFRL, IFGD, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5599-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5644 BP 420 EP 428 DI 10.1117/12.568952 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS79 UT WOS:000227634300052 ER PT S AU Soref, R AF Soref, R BE Kubby, JA Jabbour, GE TI Silicon photonics technology: past, present and future SO Optoelectronic Integration on Silicon II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integration on Silicon II CY JAN 25-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE silicon; waveguides; optoelectronics; SiGe; infrared; THz; lasers; modulators; photonic crystal; plasmons ID CRYSTAL WAVE-GUIDES; ON-INSULATOR; BAND; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPLITTER; CIRCUIT; ALLOYS; FIBER; LASER; GAP AB Due to recent investments by government and industry, silicon-based photonics has a chance of becoming "the" mainstream photonics technology. This paper presents a survey of recent results found in journal articles and conference proceedings Emerging trends in silicon-based photonic components (waveguides, ultrafast modulators, switches, light sources, detectors, direct bandgap SiGeSn/GeSn devices, photonic-crystal and plasmonic devices) are identified and discussed. In principle, Si PICs and OEICs can operate anywhere within the 0.3 to 100 mu m wavelength range-enabling transceivers, on-chip processing, and interfacing with fibers or free-space light beams. Thus, in addition to the very important 1.55 mu m telecomm applications, there are significant Si photonic opportunities throughout the infrared-and-visible spectrum. The push towards smarter, ever-denser on-chip photonic networks, drives a "convergence" of micro-, nano- and plasmo- photonic techniques for progressively smaller devices (Moore's law for photonics) and for improved functionality of modulators, switches, emitters, detectors, waveguides, resonators, tapers and filters. This convergence includes composite components: monolithic integration of microstrip waveguides, 2D and 3D photonic-crystal elements and metal/Si plasmon-optics that ultilize buried or surface-mounted 2D arrays of metal stripes or nanodots. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5704-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5730 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.585284 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCE76 UT WOS:000228898800002 ER PT S AU Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Hall, BC Cooper, TM Fleitz, PA AF Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Hall, BC Cooper, TM Fleitz, PA BE Cartwright, A Cooper, TM Karna, SP Nakanishi, H TI Structure property characterization of nonlinear optical materials SO Organic and Nanocomposite Optical Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic and Nanocomposite Optical Materials held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID POLYMERS; PHOTOPHYSICS; COMPLEXES; OLIGOMERS; SINGLET; ETHYNYL AB This research is comprised of understanding the linear photophysical properties of various dyes to better understand the more complicated nonlinear optical properties. Determining structure property relationships of a series of structurally closely related chromophores is the key in understanding the drivers for the various photophysical properties. In this paper we survey the effect of physically changing the Pt poly-yne structure on the S-0-S-1 and T-1-T-n absorption properties for each of the chromophores. A series of structurally modified platinum poly-ynes have been studied using experimental methods including UV/Vis absorption and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. We found that with extension of the ligand length both the ground and triplet excited state absorption shift to lower energies. Comparing the absorption properties of the ligands and butadiynes with the platinum containing versions reveal that the S-1 and T-n exciton is localized on one portion of the ligand with extension and not conjugated through the whole molecule. Changing the phosphine R group results in little effect to the absorption properties except when the R group is conjugated in the case of phenyl. However, changing the R group results in varied materials properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way Bldg 651, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-794-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 846 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO27 UT WOS:000230391000006 ER PT S AU Pineda, AC Karna, SP AF Pineda, AC Karna, SP BE Cartwright, A Cooper, TM Karna, SP Nakanishi, H TI Size-dependence of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of GaN nanoclusters SO Organic and Nanocomposite Optical Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic and Nanocomposite Optical Materials held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; GAAS CLUSTERS; HARTREE-FOCK; (HYPER)POLARIZABILITIES; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; POLARIZABILITIES AB In this paper, we present the results of our first-principles quantum mechanical studies of the electronic structure, geometry, and linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of tetrahedral GamNm (m= 1, 4, 7, 17) atomic clusters. Our calculated results suggest that the linear and NLO properties both exhibit a strong dependence upon cluster size and shape (geometry). However, the size- and the geometry-dependences are more pronounced for the NLO properties than for the linear optical properties. For clusters containing equal numbers of Ga and N atoms, an open-structure with no network-forming ring has a much larger second-order NLO coefficient than a cluster with a closed ring structure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pineda, AC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE Bldg 914, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-794-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 846 BP 133 EP 140 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO27 UT WOS:000230391000019 ER PT S AU Jakubiak, R Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Lloyd, P Bunning, T Vaia, RA AF Jakubiak, R Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Lloyd, P Bunning, T Vaia, RA BE Grote, JG Kaino, T Kajzar, F TI Stimulated emission from pyrromethene 597 in holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal structures SO Organic Photonic Materials and Devices VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices VII CY JAN 24-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE holographic elements; lasers; nanophotonics ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; LIGHT AB Holographic polymerization of liquid crystal containing photopolymerizable resins enables one-step, rapid formation of multi-phase structures that exhibit partial photonic band gaps. These holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) provide a versatile platform for diffractive optical elements because the structures are not limited by multi-phase equilibrium but are controlled by the interference of multiple lasers at discrete angles. Incorporation of laser dyes into H-PDLCs form 1-D and 2-D optically pumped distributed feedback lasers. Linewidths as narrow as 1.8 nm are observed with laser thresholds below 1 mJ/cm(2) in 2-D columnar structures compared to 9 nm and 25 mJ/cm(2) exhibited by 1-D H-PDLC Bragg stack lasers. In the 2-D lattices the energy of the laser action can be tuned within the gain spectrum of the lasing medium by an applied electric field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jakubiak, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5698-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5724 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.591048 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BCI22 UT WOS:000229436200023 ER PT J AU Rouse, WB Boff, KR AF Rouse, William B. Boff, Kenneth R. BE Rouse, WB Boff, KR TI Organizational Simulation INTRODUCTION SO ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Rouse, William B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Boff, Kenneth R.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rouse, WB (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73944-9 PY 2005 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1002/0471739448.ch1 D2 10.1002/0471739448 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXZ91 UT WOS:000297737200003 ER PT J AU Rouse, WB Boff, KR AF Rouse, William B. Boff, Kenneth R. BE Rouse, WB Boff, KR TI ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION From Modeling and Simulation to Games and Entertainment PREFACE SO ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Rouse, William B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Tennenbaum Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Boff, Kenneth R.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Rouse, William B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Boff, Kenneth R.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rouse, WB (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Tennenbaum Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73944-9 PY 2005 BP XXV EP XXVI D2 10.1002/0471739448 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXZ91 UT WOS:000297737200002 ER PT B AU Andrews, DH Bell, HH Shearer, RN AF Andrews, Dee H. Bell, Herbert H. Shearer, Robert N. BE Rouse, WB Boff, KR TI THE LEARNING ORGANIZATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION SO ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter, we examine the role Organizational Simulation can play in helping organizations of the twenty-first century become more effective Learning Organizations. We begin by defining the learning organization and providing a brief review of the concepts that underlie learning organizations. We then explore the potential interaction between learning organizations and organizational simulation. Finally, we discuss the challenges, opportunities and recommendations for a way ahead in Organizational Simulation. C1 [Andrews, Dee H.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Andrews, Dee H.] USAF, Warfighter Training Res Div, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Bell, Herbert H.; Shearer, Robert N.] USAF, Warfighter Readiness Res Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Andrews, DH (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73944-9 PY 2005 BP 55 EP 78 DI 10.1002/0471739448.ch4 D2 10.1002/0471739448 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXZ91 UT WOS:000297737200006 ER PT J AU Hudlicka, E Zacharias, G AF Hudlicka, Eva Zacharias, Greg BE Rouse, WB Boff, KR TI REQUIREMENTS AND APPROACHES FOR MODELING INDIVIDUALS WITHIN ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATIONS SO ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EMOTION; PERSONALITY; MEMORY; AGENT; MOOD AB The past decade has witnessed a growth of interest in modeling and simulation of individuals and organizations. From a research perspective, these simulations are important because they enable explorations of both individual and organizational decision-making mechanisms. From an applied perspective, these simulations aid Organizational design, improve the realism and effectiveness of training and assessment systems, help in the assessment of enterprise workflow, and aid in behavior prediction. The human behavior modeling community has traditionally been divided into those addressing individual behavior models, and those addressing organizational and team models. And yet it is clear that these extremes do not reflect the complex reality of the mutually-constraining interactions between an individual and his/her organizational environment. In this chapter we argue that realistic models of organizations may require not only models of individual decision-makers, but also explicit models of a variety of individual differences influencing their decision-making and behavior, such as cognitive styles, personality traits, and affective states. Following a brief overview of relevant research in individual differences, and cognitive architectures, we outline the knowledge, representational, and inferencing requirements for two alternative approaches to modeling the individual within an organizational simulation: one focusing on cognitive architectures and the other centered on profile-based social network models. We illustrate each approach with concrete examples from existing prototypes, and discuss how these two approaches could be integrated within organizational simulations. We conclude with a discussion of some of the critical challenges in modeling individuals within organizational simulations. C1 [Hudlicka, Eva] Psychometrix Associates, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hudlicka, Eva] Bolt Beranek & Newman, Cambridge, MA USA. [Zacharias, Greg] Charles River Analyt, Cambridge, MA USA. [Zacharias, Greg] USAF, Human Syst Wing Advisory Grp Brooks City Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hudlicka, E (reprint author), Psychometrix Associates, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 135 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73944-9 PY 2005 BP 79 EP 137 DI 10.1002/0471739448.ch5 D2 10.1002/0471739448 PG 59 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXZ91 UT WOS:000297737200007 ER PT B AU Klein, G Feltovich, PJ Bradshaw, JM Woods, DD AF Klein, Gary Feltovich, Paul J. Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Woods, David D. BE Rouse, WB Boff, KR TI COMMON GROUND AND COORDINATION IN JOINT ACTIVITY SO ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONS; AUTOMATION; ATTENTION; FEEDBACK AB Generalizing the concepts of joint activity developed by Clark (1996), we describe key aspects of team coordination. Joint activity depends on interpredictability of the participants' attitudes and actions. Such interpredictability is based on common ground-pertinent knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions that are shared among the involved parties. Joint activity assumes a basic compact, which is an agreement (often tacit) to facilitate coordination and prevent its breakdown. One aspect of the Basic Compact is the commitment to some degree of aligning multiple goals. A second aspect is that all parties are expected to bear their portion of the responsibility to establish and sustain common ground and to repair it as needed. We apply our understanding of these features of joint activity to account for issues in the design of automation. Research in software and robotic agents seeks to understand and satisfy requirements for the basic aspects of joint activity. Given the widespread demand for increasing the effectiveness of team play for complex systems that work closely and collaboratively with people, observed shortfalls in these current research efforts are ripe for further exploration and study. C1 [Klein, Gary] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Klein, Gary] Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI USA. [Klein, Gary] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Feltovich, Paul J.; Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.] Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. [Feltovich, Paul J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Learning Res & Dev Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Feltovich, Paul J.] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Cognit Sci Div, Springfield, IL USA. [Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EURISCO, Toulouse, France. [Woods, David D.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 86 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73944-9; 978-0-471-68163-2 PY 2005 BP 139 EP 184 DI 10.1002/0471739448.ch6 D2 10.1002/0471739448 PG 46 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXZ91 UT WOS:000297737200008 ER PT J AU Singer, J Russi, C Taylor, J AF Singer, J Russi, C Taylor, J TI Single-use antibiotics for the pediatric patient in the emergency department SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Review DE single-dose therapy; ambulatory treatment; recommendations ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; BENZATHINE PENICILLIN-G; 3-DAY INTRAMUSCULAR CEFTRIAXONE; DOSE AZITHROMYCIN; CLINICAL-EFFICACY; OCCULT BACTEREMIA; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; AMOXICILLIN THERAPY; FEBRILE CHILDREN C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Emergency Med, Iowa City, IA USA. USAF, MC, Scott Air Force Base, IL USA. RP Singer, J (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Sch Med, 3525 Southern Blvd, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. EM jonathan.singer@wright.edu NR 88 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1097/01.pec.0000150990.03981.d0 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 889HA UT WOS:000226432900014 PM 15643327 ER PT S AU Litton, CW Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, JE Collins, TC Fitch, R Via, GD Gillespie, J Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Worley, R Saxler, A AF Litton, CW Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, JE Collins, TC Fitch, R Via, GD Gillespie, J Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Worley, R Saxler, A BE Stutzmann, M TI Temperature dependence of 2DEG and excitonic optical transitions in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on SiC SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; SINGLE HETEROSTRUCTURES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Four (4) unique optical transitions are reported in both the emission and reflection spectra of high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. Study of the shifts of spectral peak energies and their intensity variations with temperature, reveal that these transitions arise from Free Exciton recombination and transitions between the A- and B-valence bands and the excited states of the 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the heterointerface. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Litton, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2736 EP 2739 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461542 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400171 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Fernandez, AI Troe, J AF Viggiano, AA Fernandez, AI Troe, J TI Ion-molecule kinetics at 15-700 Torr SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th International Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie CY SEP 15-17, 2004 CL Marburg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Bunsen Gesell Physikal Chem ID COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; HIGH-PRESSURE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; FLOW TUBE; ETHYLBENZENE; DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION; C8H10+; SF6 AB Studies of ion-molecule chemistry are usually made at pressures of a few Torr and below. By contrast, there are numerous plasmas that occur at higher pressures. For that reason we have constructed a turbulent ion flow tube (TIFT) for studying ion-molecule kinetics from 15 to 700 Torr. Currently, the TIFT operates from room temperature to 700 K. Here we present a summary of the measurements we have made to date. The first measurements involved SF6- reactions with SO2, H2O, CH3OH and C2H5OH at room temperature. The SO2 reaction showed the same kinetics as low pressure measurements indicating that the reaction occurs rapidly. The other reactions were all found to be cluster-mediated with branching fractions that depend on pressure. More recently, charge transfer reactions of O-2(+) to alkylbenzenes have been studied at elevated temperatures, from 400 to 700 K. Both dissociative and non-dissociative charge transfer occurs with the latter being favored at high pressures indicating that excited states live long enough to be stabilized by the buffer gas. Combining the TIFT measurements with detailed statistical adiabatic channel model/classical trajectory (SACM/CT) calculations of the unimolecular decay constant allows energy transfer parameters to be derived. Extending the temperature range upwards to 750 K has allowed thermal decomposition rate constants to be measured. The thermal decomposition has been successfully modeled using the same parameters as for the collision quenching modeling. This allows bond strengths for the dissociation to be derived with high accuracy. Both the measurements and models show that the conditions correspond to the high pressure kinetics regime. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1533 EP 1539 DI 10.1039/b417454b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 907HN UT WOS:000227707200029 PM 19787979 ER PT J AU Gordon, SJ AF Gordon, SJ TI Effect of environmental factors on the chemical weathering of plagioclase in Hawaiian basalt SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE chemical weathering; basalts; Hawaii ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; MINERAL DISSOLUTION; ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; GLASS; LICHEN; RATES; SEAWATER; WATER; ROCK AB Much of the literature that analyzes the effect of various factors on basaltic weathering rates does not assess the synergistic effects of several factors at once. Those studies that do address such synergies generally report their results in formats that are difficult to integrate into geographic analysis. The research outlined in this paper employs multivariate statistics to assess the effect of several environmental variables on the weathering rate of basalts on the island of Hawaii. The presence of lichens on the surface of the basalt increases weathering rate by an order of magnitude. Weathering that occurs in the absence of lichen cover is regulated by high elevation/low temperature conditions, moisture availability, and the age of the flow. Weathering that occurs in the presence of lichen cover is regulated primarily by moisture availability only. The statistical results reported here are consistent with the results of a geochemical-style analysis of the same dataset reported elsewhere, suggesting that a multivariate approach is appropriate for assessing the simultaneous effects of multiple weathering factors on the weathering rate. A multivariate statistical approach allows for the construction of quantitative weathering rate models that build on previously published qualitative models for describing geographic variation in weathering rates. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, HQ DFEG, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gordon, SJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, HQ DFEG, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K102, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.26.1.69 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951YJ UT WOS:000230968000004 ER PT J AU Apostolova, T Huang, DH Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Apostolova, T Huang, DH Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA TI Comparison of laser cooling of the lattice of wide-band-gap semiconductors using nonlinear or linear optical excitations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID YB3+-DOPED GLASSES; FIELD; REFRIGERATION; GAAS AB A generalized nonlocal energy-balance equation for excited carriers and phonons is established for studying the laser cooling of a lattice of a wide-band-gap semiconductor such as AlN using a He-Ne laser through a three-photon nonlinear excitation process. The power-exchange densities of the system are calculated and compared for different strengths of the excitation field. When the power-exchange density is positive, it implies laser cooling of the lattice. The effects of initial lattice temperature and field-frequency detuning on the laser-cooling phenomenon under the three-photon nonlinear excitation process are described. The power-exchange densities are compared for both laser cooling and beating using linear and nonlinear excitations. We find that the linear excitation seems more favorable than the nonlinear excitation for laser cooling. However, the resonant three-photon nonlinear absorption will allow us the use of a common He-Ne laser for laser cooling of the lattice in AlN, rather than a more expensive ultraviolet laser. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 013810 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.013810 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 901LF UT WOS:000227283300136 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Alsing, PM Apostolova, T Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Alsing, PM Apostolova, T Cardimona, DA TI Effect of photon-assisted absorption on the thermodynamics of hot electrons interacting with an intense optical field in bulk GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; NONLINEAR TRANSPORT; CONDUCTIVITY; DRIVEN; SYSTEM AB The use of a Boltzmann transport equation with a drift term is physically incorrect for optical-field frequencies. Also, the use of a simple energy-balance equation is found to lead to an inaccurate estimation of electron temperature. Therefore, we have established a Boltzmann-scattering equation for the accurate description of the relative scattering motion of electrons interacting with an incident optical field by including impurity- and phonon-assisted photon absorption as well as Coulomb scattering between two electrons. Multiple peaks on the high-energy tail of a Fermi-Dirac distribution are predicted and the effect of pair scattering is analyzed. Moreover, the effective electron temperature is calculated as a function of both the incident-field amplitude and the photon energy so that the thermodynamics of hot electrons may be investigated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 045204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.045204 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 893RF UT WOS:000226736200055 ER PT J AU Winters, MV Blake, CG Trost, JS Marcello-Brinke, TB Lowe, L Garber, IB Wainner, RS AF Winters, MV Blake, CG Trost, JS Marcello-Brinke, TB Lowe, L Garber, IB Wainner, RS TI Passive versus active stretching SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Ctr, Musculoskeletal Care Clin, Ft Mende, MD 20755 USA. LaPointe Hlth Clin, Ft Campbell, KY USA. Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. US Army Baylor Univ, Grad Program Phys Therapy, MCCS HMT, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Winters, MV (reprint author), Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Ctr, Musculoskeletal Care Clin, Ft Mende, MD 20755 USA. EM Robert.Wainner@CEN.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 888GX UT WOS:000226363300008 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Smits, AJ AF Poggie, J Smits, AJ TI Experimental evidence for Plotkin model of shock unsteadiness in separated flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATING WALL PRESSURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Experimental evidence is presented in support of a model of separation shock unsteadiness developed by Plotkin [AIAA J. 13, 1036 (1975)]. Under this model, the position of the separation shock follows linearly damped Brownian motion. The model describes the manner in which relatively broad-band perturbations in the incoming flow lead to relatively low-frequency motion of the separation shock. Close agreement was found between the predictions of the model and the autospectra and autocorrelations of wall pressure fluctuations and shock position fluctuations for several blunt fin flows at Mach 3 and Mach 5. Given the similarity of the power spectra of wall-pressure fluctuations for a variety of separated, supersonic flows, this description may have broad applicability. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, AFRL VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, AFRL VAAC, Room 225 Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Smits, Alexander/B-4083-2016 OI Smits, Alexander/0000-0002-3883-8648 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 AR 018107 DI 10.1063/1.1833405 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 888EW UT WOS:000226358000037 ER PT S AU Baily, SA Emin, D AF Baily, SA Emin, D BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Disorder-induced non-Ohmic steady-state flow of hopping carriers SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB We review the formal theory of multi-phonon hopping conductivity in a disordered medium beyond the linear response regime. Attention is focused on the relationship between disorder and non-Ohmic current flow. Some numerical studies of physically meaningful one- and two-dimensional models are reported and discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Baily, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 1265 EP 1266 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900586 ER PT B AU Cleereman, K AF Cleereman, K BE Arabnia, HR TI Container types for automatic garbage collection in hard real-time computing SO PLC '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Programming Languages and Compilers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Programming Languages and Compilers CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP CSREA, Int Technol Inst, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE garbage collection; reference counting; type systems; real-time computing AB We present a container type system that will permit the use of reference counting on circular memory structures. Reference counting can be interleaved with program execution; therefore these container types present the potential of enabling automatic heap management in hard real-time computing applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Collaborat Technol Branch, IFSD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cleereman, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Collaborat Technol Branch, IFSD, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA PY 2005 BP 172 EP 178 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEA06 UT WOS:000236387400025 ER PT B AU Dang, TD Kumar, S Uchida, T Strong, KL Venkatasubramanian, N AF Dang, Thuy D. Kumar, Satish Uchida, Tetsuya Strong, Karla L. Venkatasubramanian, N. BE Mittal, KL TI Alignment of SWNTs in lyotropic rigid-rod polymer compositions SO POLYIMIDES AND OTHER HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymets CY DEC 17-17, 2003 CL Orlando, FL DE rigid-rod polymers; lyotropic compositions; SVVNT incorporation; in situ polymerization; hybrid fibers; composite fiber mechanical properties; morphology; SWNT functionalization; aromatic heterocycles ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; HIGH-MODULUS; COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; FIBERS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; STRENGTH AB Rigid-rod polymeric fibers, fabricated from their lyotropic mesophase in strong acid solutions, are known to have exceptional tensile strength and high stiffness besides exhibiting remarkable thermal and thermooxidative stabilities. Mechanical and electrical properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) are also predicted to be quite extraordinary. The potential benefits of reinforcing a rigid-rod polymer, such as P130, with SWNTs as the dispersed phase are demonstrated in this study. The general methodology involves in situ polycondensation to form the rigid-rod polymer in polyphosphoric acid medium in an environment of SWNTs, followed by the dry-jet wet spinning of the hybrid fibers from the lyotropic liquid crystalline solution. The tensile strength of the PBO/SVv'NT fibers incorporating 10 wt% SWNT was found to be 50% higher than that of the control P130 fibers, while only relatively moderate enhancements in the measured values of the tensile modulus and compressive strengths resulted for the hybrid fibers. Morphological studies of the fibers by TEM analysis showed that SWNTs were very well-dispersed in the 90/10 PBO/SWNT heat-treated composite fibers but the presence of SWNT bundles or ropes, 20-50 nm diameter, aligned parallel to the fiber axis, was observed at higher levels of incorporation of SWNTs as was indeed the case for 85/15 PBO/SWNT heat-treated fibers. Recent efforts to effect the sidewall modification of SWNT with phenylbenziraidazole groups to enhance the potential for SWNT dispersion/solubility in acidic media are also discussed. C1 AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dang, TD (reprint author), AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way,Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-422-6 PY 2005 BP 517 EP 533 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BFG42 UT WOS:000241724300025 ER PT S AU Ko, YG Kim, JH Lee, CS Shin, DH Semiatin, SL AF Ko, YG Kim, JH Lee, CS Shin, DH Semiatin, SL BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Load relaxation behavior of ultra-fine grained Ti-6Al-4V alloy SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Ti-6Al-4V alloy; equal channel angular pressing; inelastic deformation theory; superplastic deformation ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; SUPERPLASTICITY; TEMPERATURE AB In this study, superplastic deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated on the basis of the inelastic deformation theory which consists of grain matrix deformation and grain boundary sliding. Specimens with coarse equiaxed grains (11 mu m in diameter) were significantly refined ( approximate to 0.3 mu m in diameter) with high angle boundaries after 4 times of isothermal equal channel angular (ECA) pressing at 600 degrees C. Load relaxation test was performed at 600 similar to 700 degrees C to enlighten the deformation mechanisms operating at specific temperature and to find optimum superplastic forming conditions for ultrafine-grained structures. Main efforts were devoted to analyze quantitatively the relative amount of each deformation mode, i.e., dislocation glide and grain boundary sliding operating at specific temperature. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Ansan 425791, Gyeonggi, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ko, YG (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM younggun@postech.ac.kr; nessus@postech.ac.kr; cslee@postech.ac.kr; dhshin@hanyang.ac.kr; lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 2955 EP 2960 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494703099 ER PT S AU Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6.85Al-1.6V alloy with a globular microstructure SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Ti-6Al-4V alloy; grain boundary; flow behavior; internal variable theory; two phase ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; TRANSFORMED MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANISMS AB The high temperature deformation mechanisms of two phase alpha+beta alloy and a near-alpha alloy were investigated, and compared within the framework of inelastic-deformation theory. For this purpose, load-relaxation tests were conducted on the two alloys at temperatures of 750 similar to 900 degrees C. The flow stress-vs.-strain rate curves for both alloys were well fit with inelastic deformation equations describing dislocation glide and grain boundary sliding. The amount of grain boundary sliding resistance was higher in the near-cc alloy rather than the two phase alpha+beta alloy due to difficulty in stress relaxation at triple junction region. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM nessus@postech.ac.kr; lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil; ccslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 2965 EP 2968 PN 1-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494703101 ER PT S AU Choi, YS Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD AF Choi, YS Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Tens ion-com press ion asymmetry in plasticity modeling of a single crystal superalloy using a "Unit cell" approach SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE single-crystal superalloy; tension-compression asymmetry; unit cell; gradient-dependent plasticity; geometric constraint AB The [001] tensile and compressive flow behavior of a single crystal superalloy CMSX-4 was simulated using a "unit-cell" mesh to represent the gamma/gamma' microstructure. The simulation results showed a tension-compression (T-C) asymmetry, where the magnitude of the flow stress is larger in the elastic-plastic transition regime in tension, and is larger in compression in the plastic (flow softening) regime. The T-C flow behavior was related to the flow response of the gamma-phase matrix under the geometric and kinematic constraint of the gamma/gamma' unit cell. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. RP Choi, YS (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ychoi@ues.com; Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil; Dennis.Dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Uchic@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 3295 EP 3298 PN 1-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494703178 ER PT B AU Spyker, R Schweickart, DL Horwath, JC Walko, LC Grosjean, D AF Spyker, R Schweickart, DL Horwath, JC Walko, LC Grosjean, D GP IEEE TI An evaluation of diagnostic techniques relevant to arcing fault current interrupters for direct current power systems in future aircraft SO Proceedings: Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrical Insulation Conference/Electrical Manufacturing Conference CY OCT 23-26, 2005 CL Indianapolis, IN SP IEEE, EIC, EME, NEMA AB Arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI) are a relatively new development in the area of circuit protection. Typical circuit breakers are designed to detect an overload current in the protected circuit and trip open within a specified period of time. The AM is a device that detects and interrupts an arcing fault when it occurs. An are fault is a dangerous situation with very high temperatures in the arc. These high temperatures are sufficient to ignite wire insulation and other combustibles in the vicinity of the arc. Standard circuit breakers and ground fault circuit breakers generally will not trip in the event of an arc fault since there is sufficiently high impedance in the circuit to limit current below the trip level of its characteristic curve. Numerous arc faults that have been observed on aging aircraft, due to failing insulation, have spurred an interest in AFCIs for both commercial and military aircraft. Such AFCIs assess the ac current waveform to distinguish that an arc is occurring in the circuit. When this occurs, the AM will open to mitigate damage to the wiring system. In the ac case, the opening device will generally take advantage of the natural current zero in the ac wave form to clear the circuit. Protective devices for dc systems cannot exploit this characteristic. In addition, the charge transport properties (conductivity) of the dc arc are affected by the gas density (i.e., altitude) surrounding the arc. This paper presents experimental results intended to help evaluate the potential applicability of the typical diagnostics used in ac AFCIs as a valid means of detecting a series dc arc. This is particularly relevant to future aircraft power systems employing 270 Volt dc distribution. Also, these dc arcs have been characterized at low atmospheric pressures to simulate high altitude operation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spyker, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9145-4 PY 2005 BP 146 EP 150 DI 10.1109/EEIC.2005.1566277 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDQ58 UT WOS:000234932800032 ER PT B AU Yan, LK AF Yan, LK GP IEEE TI Virtual honeynets revisited SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE SIXTH ANNUAL IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual IEEE Systems, Man and Cypernetics Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 15-17, 2005 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Natl Secur Agcy, US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Eng & Comp Sci DE virtual honeynet; User-Mode Linux; UML; Security Enhanced Linux; SELinux AB A new User-Mode Linux based virtual honeynet architecture is presented in this paper. The new architecture has improved functionality that is difficult to realize in the GenII honeynet. Two new honeynet capabilities in particular are introduced. Honeypot controller is a new virtual honeynet component that assists in data control. The honeywall promises to have finer control over the honeypots through signal and system call redirections. The second new capability is the disk imager. The disk imager is capable of making forensic images of the virtual machine's file systems for further analysis. H Since security for virtual honeynets is a big concern, the new virtual honeynet architecture utilizes Security Enhanced Linux to isolate the untrusted honeypots from the completely trusted honeywall. SELinux and other research work done in this field makes the new honeynet architecture a viable alternative to GenII honeynets. A file system logging mechanism, FSLog, has been developed for the UML based virtual honeynet. In conjunction with the built-in tty logger, UML based honeynets have logging capabilities that are equivalent to their GenII honeynet counterparts. The current version of FSLog successfully logs eighteen Virtual File Systems system calls including the common, read(), write(), open() and close() functions. Its current functionality and how it pieces into the new architecture is also discussed. This work provides researchers with an alternative honeynet platform. The new virtual honeynet architecture is more portable, easier to setup, more cost effective and as secure as the GenII honeynet. The addition of the honeypot controller and disk imager components also makes the new virtual honeynet architecture more capable. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM lok@isis.poly.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9290-6 PY 2005 BP 232 EP 239 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO94 UT WOS:000230457900032 ER PT B AU Johnson, MR Principe, JC AF Johnson, Michael R. Principe, Jose C. BE Sas, P DeMunck, M TI Modeling limit cycle oscillation using adaptive signal processing: A hybrid physical model SO Proceedings of ISMA 2004: International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, Vols 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modal Analysis, Noise and Vibration Engineering CY SEP 20, 2004-JUL 22, 2005 CL Louvain, BELGIUM SP Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Mech Engn AB A method for modeling the flutter response of a thin winged aircraft, represented by of on-board accelerometer data, using adaptive signal processing techniques is presented. Traditional adaptive auto regressive, moving average signal processing architectures are replaced with quasi-linear artificial neural networks to separate the auto regressive and moving average components. Adaptive oscillators set at free vibration modal frequencies of the wing represent the auto regressive physical model of the structure. The moving average filters represent signal changes due to forces encountered during flight. Connected in series, these modules form a hybrid model for wing flutter under changing flight conditions. Accelerometer outputs are segmented into short signal bursts using an analysis of variance. The networks can then be trained to reproduce each segment. The resulting family of linear models provides a complete synthesis of the wing's response recorded over time by the accelerometer. We test the method with an accelerometer signal showing limit cycle oscillation over a period of time 25 seconds. Results show that this modeling paradigm performs very well with data taken at increasing Mach numbers in level flight. C1 USAF, Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Johnson, MR (reprint author), USAF, Seek Eagle Off, 205 W D Ave Ste 348, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT WERKTUIGKUNDE PI HEVERLEE PA CELESTIJNENLAAN 300B, HEVERLEE, B-3001, BELGIUM BN 90-73802-82-2 PY 2005 BP 2649 EP 2663 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BEW28 UT WOS:000239814905013 ER PT B AU Deming, R Perlovsky, L AF Deming, R Perlovsky, L GP IEEE TI Fusion of images from multiple flying visual sensors SO Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications CY JUL 20-22, 2005 CL Messina, ITALY SP IEEE AB A method is described for merging the information front multiple, flying, visual sensors in order to concurrently detect, locate, and discriminate targets. Here, the usual problem of multiple target tracking is compounded by the fact that the sensors are moving, and we don't know their exact positions. Therefore, in order to properly merge the information front the multiple platforms, we need to track the sensors as well as the targets. The method described here includes using queues from the multiple images to refine the tracks of the sensors, while simultaneously detecting and locating multiple tat-gets. In this approach, the preprocessed data is formulated as a mixture model in which the unknown model parameters include target positions and classification features as well as coefficients of the sensor tracks. The problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood parameter estimation problem, in which the "best" set of parameters are computed in an iterative manner Results are presented for the 2-dimensional case based upon synthetic data. C1 Anteon Corp, AF Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Deming, R (reprint author), Anteon Corp, AF Res Lab, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9025-3 PY 2005 BP 56 EP 61 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BDR81 UT WOS:000235134900010 ER PT B AU Deming, R Perlovsky, L AF Deming, R Perlovsky, L GP IEEE TI Computerized tomographic imaging of time-varying objects using mixture models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications CY JUL 20-22, 2005 CL Messina, ITALY SP IEEE DE mixture model; computed tomography; expectation maximization; relative entropy; log-likelihood; fuzzy dynamic logic ID MOTION AB A method is presented for computerized tonzographic (CT) imaging of time-varying objects. In this approach, the object function is formulated as a mixture model in which the unknown model parameters describe the local structure, and local motion, of different regions in the object. The Radon transform is used to transform this model into a corresponding mixture model for the set of tomographic projections, and there is a simple relationship between the parameters of the object function and the parameters of the projections. Finally, the problem is solved in an iterative fashion to yield the set of parameters giving the best fit between the projection model and the measured projection data. A bonus of the method is the flexibility to process incomplete data in which projections are available only over a limited range of viewing angles. Results of computer simulations are presented to illustrate the algorithm performance. This problem relates to several practical aspects of CT imaging including the correction of motion artifacts caused by patient movement or breathing, as well as the important problem of imaging a beating heart. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil; leonid.perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9025-3 PY 2005 BP 322 EP 327 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BDR81 UT WOS:000235134900058 ER PT B AU Portrey, AM Schreiber, B Bennett, W AF Portrey, AM Schreiber, B Bennett, W BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI The pairwise Escape-G metric: A measure for air combat maneuvering performance SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The Air Force Research Laboratory, Warfighter Readiness Research Division, is continuously researching tools to measure performance of knowledge and skills from an individual level to the Command and Control (C) level, within both high fidelity distributed simulation environments and live training environments. Using the Performance Effectiveness Tracking System (PETS), we ran preliminary testing of a metric called Pairwise Escape-G that uses a concept called the Theoretical Instantaneous Probability of Weapon Intercept (TIPWI). TIPWI takes into account the current geometry of one aircraft against another for each given weapon (i.e., the physics-based envelope parameters) and is the weapon's probability of threat intercept at any instant during an engagement. This paper will describe the initial application of the Escape G metric within the Distributed Mission Operations Testbed (four high-fidelity F-16 simulators, one Airborne Warning and Controller System console, and Instructor Operator Station), preliminary outcomes, and suggested applications for this metric. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Lockheed Martin Syst Management, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Portrey, AM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Lockheed Martin Syst Management, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 1101 EP 1108 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574365 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401058 ER PT B AU Warren, R Diller, DE Leung, A Ferguson, W AF Warren, R Diller, DE Leung, A Ferguson, W BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI Simulating scenarios for research on culture & cognition using a commercial role-play game SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Most research on culture and cognition uses self-report tasks such as paper and pencil questionnaires. Such tasks are inexpensive, quick, and easy to score, but they are vulnerable to response bias and manipulation effects. Action-based or performance tasks can be more absorbing and permit more of someone's natural behavior to emerge but are rarer due to increased costs, lower experimenter control, and difficult logistics. Computer games can potentially regain the benefits of real performance and immersive play while retaining experimenter control and keeping costs low. Properly constructed, computer games can simulate action-demanding scenarios which embed opportunities for personality and culturally-conditioned behaviors to manifest themselves. This is especially true when computer-simulated non-player characters are included which exhibit carefully modeled behaviors. However, such simulations are not themselves panaceas. This paper examines some of the concepts we have tried, the challenges we have faced, and the lessons we have learned. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Warren, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574366 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401059 ER PT B AU Russell, MA Lamont, GB Melendez, K AF Russell, MA Lamont, GB Melendez, K BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI On using speedes as a platform for a parallel swarm simulation SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) research is an increasingly important pillar of national security and military interest. A high fidelity discrete event simulation is prerequisite to any systems implementation. The Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation (SPEEDES) is a versatile and powerful tool that can be used for realization of this objective. A suite of five experiments measures the efficiency a parallel UAV swarming SPEEDES application. Results indicate that the conservative time management produces more than twice the speedup as optimistic time management. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russell, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 1129 EP 1137 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574369 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401062 ER PT B AU Champagne, LE Hill, RR AF Champagne, LE Hill, RR BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI Simulation validation with historic outcomes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Combat, unlike many real-world processes, tends to be singular in nature. That is, there are not multiple occurrences from which to hypothesize a probability distribution model of the real-world system. Mission-level models may offer more flexibility on some measures due to their extended time frame. Additionally, the parameters involved in the mission-level model may be unchanged for significant stretches of the total simulation time. In these cases, time periods may be devised so that the periods hold sufficiently similar traits such that the incremental results may be assumed to come from a common distribution. This paper details a new statistical methodology for use in validating an agent-based mission-level model. The test is developed within the context of the Bay of Biscay agent-based simulation and uses the monthly data from the extended campaign as a basis of comparison to the simulation output. C1 USAF, Logist Management Agcy, Gunter Annex, AL 36114 USA. RP USAF, Logist Management Agcy, 501 Ward St, Gunter Annex, AL 36114 USA. EM lance.champagne@maxwell.af.mil; ray.hill@wright.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 1138 EP 1147 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574370 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401063 ER PT B AU Lambert, D Yoo, S Stewart, DS AF Lambert, D Yoo, S Stewart, DS BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI A validation of first-order detonation shock dynamics theory SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB High energy explosives are used in a variety of applications, from military to industrial processes. The use of embedded, inert material "wave shapers" is a primary method to customize the detonation front for desired explosive applications. These systems create detonation states that do not follow the simple line of sight, or Huygens model and, hence, advanced detonation physics with associated theory are required. The theory of detonation shock dynamics (DSD) is one such description used to provide high fidelity modeling of complex wave structures. A collection of experiments using ultra-high speed cameras is presented as a means of obtaining spatial and temporal characteristics of complex detonation fronts that validate the DSD descriptions. The method of test, operational conditions and results are given to demonstrate the use of high-rate imaging of detonation events and how this validates our understanding of the physics and the capability of advanced detonation wave tracking models. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Lambert, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Ste 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 1154 EP 1159 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574372 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401065 ER PT B AU Cliver, EW Vestrand, WT Reames, DV AF Cliver, E. W. Vestrand, W. T. Reames, D. V. GP Tata Institute Fundamental Res TI Solar flare nuclear gamma rays and energetic particles in space, 1980-1989 SO Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 1: SH1 and SH2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference CY AUG 03-10, 2005 CL Pune, INDIA SP Forsch Zentrum Karsruhe Inst Kernphys, Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kemphys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID PROTON EVENTS; MAXIMUM-MISSION C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH PI MUMBAI PA HOMI BHABHA MARG, NAVY NAGAR, COLABA, MUMBAI, MH-400005, INDIA PY 2005 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFO78 UT WOS:000243504300014 ER PT B AU Cliver, EW Thompson, BI Lawrence, GR Zhukov, AN Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF Reames, DV Reiner, MJ MacDowall, RJ Kosovichev, AG Ling, AG AF Cliver, E. W. Thompson, B. I. Lawrence, G. R. Zhukov, A. N. Tylka, A. J. Dietrich, W. F. Reames, D. V. Reiner, M. J. MacDowall, R. J. Kosovichev, A. G. Ling, A. G. GP Tata Institute Fundamental Res TI The solar energetic particle event of 16 August 2001: similar to 400 MeV protons following an eruption at similar to W180 SO Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Vol 1: SH1 and SH2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference CY AUG 03-10, 2005 CL Pune, INDIA SP Forsch Zentrum Karsruhe Inst Kernphys, Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kemphys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID ACCELERATION; INJECTION C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH PI MUMBAI PA HOMI BHABHA MARG, NAVY NAGAR, COLABA, MUMBAI, MH-400005, INDIA PY 2005 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFO78 UT WOS:000243504300032 ER PT B AU Kahler, SW Kecskemety, K Kiraly, P AF Kahler, S. W. Kecskemety, K. Kiraly, P. GP Tata Inst Fundamental Res TI Acceleration and propagation in the heliosphere SO Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference CY AUG 03-10, 2005 CL Pune, INDIA SP Forsch Zentrum Karsruhe Inst Kernphys, Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kemphys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; SHOCKS AB Heliospheric energetic particles represent a mixture of populations. Sites of original energization of those particles range from solar flares through coronal and interplanetary shocks to distant heliospheric and even galactic sources. Although increasingly sophisticated methods of measuring their energy spectra, composition, charge state, temporal variation and anisotropy help in distinguishing those populations, most studies on particle acceleration and propagation are based on measurements that cannot make such fine distinctions. The lack of clear-cut separation of populations is also reflected in the somewhat ambiguous classification of SH papers in ICRCs. "Solar emissions" and "Galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere" appear reasonably well separated topics (although Galactic and Anomalous CR could be more appropriate, and space weather as part of the galactic CR topic could be questioned). Acceleration and propagation issues, however, can be only rather artificially separated from the above two. As it happened during this conference, the pre-assigned rapporteur for the "Acceleration and propagation" topic was unable to participate, and the other two rapporteurs for SH topics kindly agreed to report on most papers in the borderline range. Thus we report here only on a relatively small number of papers that could be classified into three general topics: a) Shocks and solar energetic particles; b) Solar energetic particle propagation; c) Radiation environment at Mars. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH PI MUMBAI PA HOMI BHABHA MARG, NAVY NAGAR, COLABA, MUMBAI, MH-400005, INDIA PY 2005 BP 367 EP 375 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFO88 UT WOS:000243522500025 ER PT B AU Kahler, SW Simnett, GM AF Kahler, S. W. Simnett, G. M. GP Tata Institute Fundamental Res TI Imaging interplanetary disturbances causing Forbush decreases SO Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol 2: SH3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference CY AUG 03-10, 2005 CL Pune, INDIA SP Forsch Zentrum Karsruhe Inst Kernphys, Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kemphys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; SOLAR-WIND; GEOMETRY; CME AB Forbush decreases (FDs) in neutron monitor (NM) counting rates are caused by enhanced magnetic fields in interplanetary shocks and solar ejecta that shield the Earth from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). The solar origins of those ejecta can be observed as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in coronagraphs, but their propagation through interplanetary space near or past the Earth has not been previously observable. The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI), launched into polar Earth orbit in January 2003, now allows us to search for the white light signatures of interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) responsible for FDs. SMEI is unique in that it can monitor the progress of CMEs through the inner heliosphere out to distances beyond 1 AU and distinguish those which hit the Earth from those that do not. For comparison with SMEI observations, we selected all FDs of >= 2% observed with the Oulu, Finland, NM. We find an excellent association of SMEI CMEs with those FDs and for each of the associated SMEI CMEs a good candidate associated LASCO CME was also found. The SMEI observations provide information on the approximate spatial locations and trajectories of large ICMEs that may result in FDs and hence can be useful as a space weather tool. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH PI MUMBAI PA HOMI BHABHA MARG, NAVY NAGAR, COLABA, MUMBAI, MH-400005, INDIA PY 2005 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BFP18 UT WOS:000243556700072 ER PT B AU Schmidt, VA Binner, JM AF Schmidt, VA Binner, JM BE Blair, S Chakraborty, U Chen, SH Cheng, HD Chiu, DKY Das, S Denker, G Duro, R Romay, MG Hung, D Kerre, EE VaLeong, H Lu, CT Lu, J Maguire, L Ngo, CW Sarfraz, M Tseng, C Tsumoto, S Ventura, D Wang, PP Yao, X Zhang, CN Zhang, K TI Examining the internal complexity of a neural network trained with Divisia component data SO Proceedings of the 8th Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Conference on Information Sciences (JCIS 2005) CY JUL 21-26, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Duke Univ, Utah State Univ, San Jose State Univ, Harbin Inst Technol DE Divisia; inflation; neural network; complexity; data mining; rule generation AB This paper studies the ability of standard feedforward neural network to support the generation of a reasonable rule set for Divisia data. This is done by examining the internal weight structure of the network when trained with Divisia component data, based on requirements levied by the Aggregate Feedforward Neural Network (AFFNN). Complexity measures are examined to assist with the selection of Divisia component encoding characteristics and training methods. Encodings and architectures that increase complexity of the internal network weight structure tend to increase the potential maximum number of generated rules. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmidt, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOINT CONFERENCE INFORMATION SCIENCES PI DURHAM PA 2709 MONTGOMERY ST, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA PY 2005 BP 867 EP 870 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BDI96 UT WOS:000233670801076 ER PT B AU Roberts, ML Gustafson, SC AF Roberts, ML Gustafson, SC BE Blair, S Chakraborty, U Chen, SH Cheng, HD Chiu, DKY Das, S Denker, G Duro, R Romay, MG Hung, D Kerre, EE VaLeong, H Lu, CT Lu, J Maguire, L Ngo, CW Sarfraz, M Tseng, C Tsumoto, S Ventura, D Wang, PP Yao, X Zhang, CN Zhang, K TI Radial basis function techniques for regression analysis of economic trends SO Proceedings of the 8th Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Conference on Information Sciences (JCIS 2005) CY JUL 21-26, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Duke Univ, Utah State Univ, San Jose State Univ, Harbin Inst Technol DE radial basis function; regression analysis; econometrics; pattern recognition; neural network AB Economic statistics often invite "good or bad?" and "rising or falling?" questions. Pattern recognition techniques can be applied to economic data to produce objective answers to such questions. This paper analyzes nine American leading economic indicators over the past 20 years. It investigates least squares (LS) fitting of linear models as a baseline and then uses more advanced techniques, such as Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) interpolation and principal component (PC) dimensionality reduction. Results indicate that while linear models provide a general approximation, the inherent variance in the data leads to better approximation by a modified Gaussian RBF, as measured by root mean square (RMS) error. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, ML (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOINT CONFERENCE INFORMATION SCIENCES PI DURHAM PA 2709 MONTGOMERY ST, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA PY 2005 BP 912 EP 915 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BDI96 UT WOS:000233670801087 ER PT B AU Cinnamon, JD Palazotto, AN AF Cinnamon, John D. Palazotto, Anthony N. GP ASME TI Refinement of a hypervelocity gouging model for the rocket sled test SO Proceedings of the ASME Applied Mechanics Division SE Applied Mechanics Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB In an effort to improve the accuracy of current numerical models of the hypervelocity gouging impact phenomenon at the Holloman Air Force Base High Speed Test Track (HHSTT), several investigations were conducted. First, a metallurgical study of a gouged rail section is summarized that quantifies the nature of the non-equilibrium thermodynamic event. Second, the current CTH model of the sled/rail interaction is scaled mathematically to determine the feasibility of a laboratory experiment to generate gouging. Additionally, the various material contact schemes in CTH are evaluated to determine the most accurate approach in the gouging impact problem. Next, the absence of specific constitutive models for 1080 steel and VascoMax 300 (which are the materials of interest in the HHSTT gouging problem) is addressed with Split Hopkinson Bar characterization. These models are validated by comparison to Taylor Impact Tests conducted on the same materials. Finally, the two coatings used at the HHSTT to mitigate gouging are experimentally compared using the Taylor test. Conclusions are drawn from the experimentation and numerical modeling efforts with regard to the gouging phenomenon. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinnamon, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4212-6 J9 APPL MECH DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 256 BP 425 EP 434 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFM27 UT WOS:000243037600047 ER PT B AU Redfield, RC AF Redfield, Robin C. GP ASME TI Planar, large excursion bond graph model for full suspension mountain biking SO Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division 2005, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODEL AB A bond graph model of a fully suspended mountain bike and non-seated rider is created to develop predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during large excursion maneuvers such as drops, jumps, crashes, and rough terrain riding. The model assumes planar dynamics, a single pivot full suspension bicycle, and a rigid-body rider suspended from the bicycle. The main frame, front fork, rear triangle, two wheels, and rider are modeled as separate bodies interconnected at the main pivot, telescoping fork, pedals, handlebars, and axles. Suspensions are between the main frame and front fork, main frame and rear triangle, handlebars and rider (arms) and pedals and rider (legs). An algorithm is used to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. Significant excursions of motion are allowed to model major slope changes, separations from the ground, and large rotational events (endos). The bond graph approach allows kinematics to drive the significant dynamic interactions with the effort (force and torque) relationships being derived for "free". Simulations of a ground profile with a rise followed by a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Rider strategies for negotiating the drop are examined in the process. Overarching goals of the research are to examine and understand the dynamics and control of interactions between a cyclist and mountain bike. Specific, longer term, goals are to understand the improvement in performance afforded by an experienced rider, to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform maneuvers well and safely, to predict structural bike and body forces from these maneuvers, and to quantify performance differences between hard-tail and various full suspension bicycles. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Redfield, RC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4216-4 PY 2005 BP 1157 EP 1167 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFY96 UT WOS:000245508100138 ER PT B AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Musil, SS Mall, S Keller, KA AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Musil, S. S. Mall, S. Keller, K. A. GP ASME TI Creep behavior of Nextel (TM) 610/monazite/alumina composite at elevated temperatures SO Proceedings of the ASME Materials Division SE Materials Division of the American Society of Mechanial Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; STABILITY; OXIDATION; MONAZITE; INTERFACES; EXPOSURE; ALUMINA; DESIGN; FIBERS AB Aerospace components require structural materials that have superior mechanical properties and can withstand severe environmental conditions, such as ultra-high temperature, high pressure, or water vapor. Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), capable of maintaining excellent strength and fracture toughness at high temperatures are prime candidate materials for aerospace applications. This research effort investigates creep behavior of N610/LaPO4/Al2O3 composite consisting of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with Nextel 610 fibers coated with monazite in a symmetric cross-ply (0 degrees/90 degrees/0 degrees/90 degrees), orientation. Tensile creep was examined at temperatures in the 900-1100 degrees C range for creep stresses ranging from 40 to 150 MPa. At 900 degrees C primary and secondary creep regimes were observed. At temperatures above 900 degrees C, the composite exhibited primary, secondary and tertiary creep. Minimum creep rate was reached in all tests. Creep rates accelerated with increasing temperature and creep stress. Creep run-out was defined as 100 h at creep stress. At 900 degrees C the run-out stress was 120 MPa. Monazite coating resulted in improved creep resistance at 900 degrees C. Creep performance deteriorated rapidly at temperatures above 900 degrees C. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4234-7 J9 MATER DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 100 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFM25 UT WOS:000243036600019 ER PT B AU Larson, RA Bibel, G AF Larson, Reid A. Bibel, George GP ASME TI Experimental and analytical evaluation of buckling forces of a spiral wound flexible gasket SO Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2005, Vol 2 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB inward buckling forces of spiral wound flexible gaskets is studied experimentally and analytically using the finite element method. A series of experiments was conducted utilizing an NPS 16 Class 300 weld-neck pipe and flange conforming to specification ASME B16.5. Strain gauges were mounted on the inner and outer metallic rings of the spiral wound sealing gasket and strain data was recorded during initial bolt pre-loading. Using this particular experiment as a pattern, a finite element model was developed to simulate the flange, bolt, and nonlinear gasket response under identical loading conditions. The computer-generated solid model consists of a quarter-symmetry, three-dimensional assembly constructed to the specifications of the pipe, flange, bolts, and gaskets used in the hardware trials. The finite element model was loaded to simulate the initial bolt pre-loading through the same range as in the original experiment. Solutions obtained from the finite element model are compared with the experimental results, and conclusions are drawn. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Larson, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4187-1 J9 PRES VES P PY 2005 VL 2 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFO09 UT WOS:000243383400013 ER PT B AU Pope, M Martin, B Lambert, D Jones, SE Muse, J AF Pope, Matthew Martin, Bradley Lambert, David Jones, Stanley E. Muse, Jonathan GP ASME TI Analysis of a soft catch for conventional warheads SO Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2005, Vol 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID PROJECTILE PENETRATING SAND; DYNAMICS AB A "soft catch" is a device with which an explosively formed projectile can be decelerated to zero velocity without sustaining significant damage. The recovered projectile provides data, via metallurgical analysis, on the deformation conditions found within the explosively formed projectile. At Eglin AFB, FL, the soft catch consists of a sequence of sections (Figures 1-3), each roughly one meter long, filled with various soft media. Velocity screens are placed at the entrance and exit of each section. This enables investigators to experimentally determine the time at which the projectile passes each station in the catch. Based on these experimental measurements, average velocity estimates for each section of the soft catch can be made. The purpose of this paper is to support the soft catch design process with a one-dimensional analysis. The mathematical modeling is based on observations presented in studies by Allen, Mayfield, and Morrison [1,2]. Their work addresses the penetration of sand, but their modeling is appropriate for materials in the soft catch. The current paper describes application of their model to interpreting three soft catch experiments where Tantalum projectiles with initial velocities of approximately 1400 m/s were successfully recovered. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Pope, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4189-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2005 VL 4 BP 775 EP 779 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFO20 UT WOS:000243400300090 ER PT B AU Cinnamon, JD Palazotto, AN AF Cinnamon, John D. Palazotto, Anthony N. GP ASME TI Metallographic examination of thermal effects in hypervelocity gouging SO Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2005, Vol 4 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB In this work, a gouged section of 1080 railroad rail steel is examined using metallographic techniques to characterize the nature of the damage. The gouging was performed by a rocket sled at Holloman Air Force Base, riding on VascoMax 300 steel shoes at 1.5 to 3.0 km/sec. Similar in approach to Gerstle, et al. [1], the damaged rail is evaluated in detail to examine material phase changes, shear bands, and heat effects. The results can be compared to samples of the virgin material, machined and prepared exactly as the rail and shoe are prior to the Holloman AFB High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) runs. The gouged section was examined longitudinally and in a transverse manner using optical microscopy and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pictures are presented of the resulting microstructure. Comparisons to the virgin material confirm material mixing consistent with a high energy gouging event. In addition, the material phase change evident in this approach allows us to estimate the non-equilibrium thermal conditions present during the formation of the gouge. The creation of shear bands, predicted by the previous modeling efforts, is also confirmed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinnamon, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4189-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2005 VL 4 BP 797 EP 805 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFO20 UT WOS:000243400300093 ER PT B AU Shepard, MJ AF Shepard, M. J. GP ASME TI Laser shock processing: Applications and future trends in US Air Force service SO Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2005, Vol 7 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB To date, the United States Air Force is the largest end-user of laser shock processing services. Laser shock processing (LSP) is in successful day-to-day service and production for several USAF engine lines for increased foreign object damage tolerance. In this application LSP has yielded substantial increases in foreign object damage tolerance along with associated increases in safety. The history and current application of laser shock processing for US Air Force applications will be reviewed. Current and future USAF applications of laser shock processing and other surface treatments will be reviewed. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shepard, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4192-8 J9 PRES VES P PY 2005 VL 7 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BFO14 UT WOS:000243398500029 ER PT B AU Mawid, MA Park, TW Sekar, B Arana, C AF Mawid, M. A. Park, T. W. Sekar, B. Arana, C. GP ASME TI Detailed chemical kinetic modeling of JP-8/JET-A ignition and combustion SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID HIGH-PRESSURE OXIDATION; ETHYLENE OXIDATION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; N-DECANE; ACETALDEHYDE; CHEMISTRY; KEROSENE; TOLUENE; FUELS AB Significant progress towards development and validation of a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for the US Air Force JP-8 fuel is presented in this article. Three detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for three JP-8 surrogate fuels, as given in Table 1, were developed and reported in this study. The main objective is to investigate the performance of the developed three mechanisms for three different surrogate fuel blends and determine the suitability of each mechanism to chemically model the US Air Force petroleum-derived JP-fuel. The detailed JP-8 chemical kinetic reaction mechanism, we have been developing [1-3] for a 12-component surrogate fuel blend, has been used as a basis for the development of two additional detailed reaction mechanisms for the other two surrogate fuel mixtures. Submechanisms for the monosubstituted aromatics such as toluene, m-xylene, butylbenzene, and for the bicyclic aromatics such as Imethylnaphthalene were all assembled and integrated with the detailed JP-8 reaction mechanism [1-3]. Pressure-dependent rate parameters up to 10 atmospheres for 41 reactions were also included. The three mechanisms were evaluated by predicting the ignition and combustion characteristics of a JP-8 fuel-air mixture in Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) and a Perfectly-Stirred Reactor (PSR) over a temperature range of 933-1020 K and pressure of 1 atm. The results indicated that overall the mechanism for the 6-component JP-8 surrogate 3 (Table 1) can predict similar ignition-delay periods as those predicted by the 12-component JP-8 surrogate fuel 1 for atmospheric pressure condition. However, the PSR calculations pointed out to the existence of differences in lighter hydrocarbon species concentration profiles such as CH4, C2H4, C3H6, and C4H8 and important emission species such as CO and CO2 as predicted by the mechanisms that exhibited comparable ignition delay times. The study suggests that, for the conditions considered here, that the developed mechanisms still require further evaluation under various combustion environments, including transport phenomena, to determine the suitability of the chemical kinetic mechanism for either surrogate fuel 1 or 3 to chemically simulate the actual US Air Force JP8 fuel. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mawid, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4725-X PY 2005 BP 603 EP 621 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN85 UT WOS:000243376400058 ER PT B AU Beachkofski, BK Grandhi, RV AF Beachkofski, Brian K. Grandhi, Rarnana V. GP ASME TI Tools for minimizing probabilistic confidence intervals SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB For probabilistic designs or assessments to be acceptable, they must have the statistically robust confidence intervals provided by sampling methods. However, sample-based analyses require the number of function evaluations to be so great as to be impractical for many complex engineering applications. Efficient sampling methods allow probabilistic analysis on more applications than basic methods, although they still require a significant computational budget. This paper reviews a series of tools that aim to reduce variance in individual failure rate estimates which would reduce the confidence interval for the same number of evaluations. Several methods share a common goal, lowering the sample discrepancy within the sample space, that will create near optimal low-discrepancy sample sets. The optimization approaches include evolutionary algorithms, piecewise optimization, and centroidal Voronoi tessellation, The results of the optimization procedures show a much lower discrepancy than previous methods. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Components Branch, AFRL PRTS,Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beachkofski, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Components Branch, AFRL PRTS,Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4727-6 PY 2005 BP 467 EP 475 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFN86 UT WOS:000243376700053 ER PT B AU Brown, JM Grandhi, RV AF Brown, Jeffrey M. Grandhi, Ramana V. GP ASME TI Probabilistic high cycle fatigue assessment process for integrally bladed rotors SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB This paper defines a probabilistic High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) assessment process for a fan or compressor Integrally Bladed Rotor (IBR). It identifies key design variables, how they are statistically modeled, the probabilistic integration technique, and the physics-based modeling process. It defines how previous eigensensitivity based reduced order models cannot be used for IBR assessment and validates an alternate approach. An autoregressive model accounts for correlation between IBR blade-to-blade variabilities. An approach is also defined to combine sector tuned stress variation and mistuning amplifications. Predicted stress variations integrate with a probabilistic Goodman Diagram to allow an IBR risk assessment. The paper concludes by summarizing several remaining areas that are necessary for a practical assessment process. These areas are probabilistic fluid dynamic prediction, probabilistic mission analysis, propagating model error, and the need for an effective validation strategy. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4727-6 PY 2005 BP 533 EP 541 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFN86 UT WOS:000243376700060 ER PT B AU Boyer, KM Rouser, KP Lawrence, TJ AF Boyer, Keith M. Rouser, Kurt P. Lawrence, Timothy J. GP ASME TI Development of an aero-thermodynamics course to aid an undergraduate propulsion track SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB This paper describes the development and assessment of a sophomore-level, aero-thermodynamics class structured to meet the needs of both the Department of Aeronautics and Department of Astronautics at the United States Air Force Academy. The course was developed following ABET EC2000 guidelines. Because of the large core class requirement placed on students at the USAF Academy, this single course was developed as an alternative to students taking traditional separate thermodynamics and gas dynamics courses. Benefits and tradeoffs of this approach are presented. The general philosophy in developing the course was to provide solid foundations in thermodynamics and compressible gas dynamics while motivating and inspiring students to their chosen engineering profession. To that end, the course is loaded with practical applications and hands-on laboratories. Engineering rigor was maintained by inclusion of an unsteady, three-dimensional control volume formulation of the governing equations, emphasizing assumptions and their implications, and enforcing engineering analysis methods. Quantitative assessment of specific performance criteria demonstrates achievement of educational outcomes. Student course critique scores provided additional quantitative data. Finally, an initial assessment of course impact on two different undergraduate propulsion classes demonstrates the intended result - improved understanding of fundamentals allowing for expanded coverage in other areas. In short, the propulsion tracks in both departments appear to be improved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Boyer, KM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4728-4 PY 2005 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN87 UT WOS:000243376900042 ER PT B AU Gorrell, SE Car, D Puterbaugh, SL Estevadeordal, J Okiishi, TH AF Gorrell, Steven E. Car, David Puterbaugh, Steven L. Estevadeordal, Jord Okiishi, Theodore H. GP ASME TI An investigation of wake-shock interactions in a transonic compressor with DPIV and time-accurate CFD SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 6, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID STATOR-ROTOR INTERACTIONS; INTERROW FLOW-FIELD; AXIAL COMPRESSOR; PART 2; VELOCIMETRY; PERFORMANCE AB The effects of varying axial gap on the unsteady flow field between the stator and rotor of a transonic compressor stage are important because they can result in significant changes in stage mass flow rate, pressure rise and efficiency. Some of these effects are analyzed with measurements using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and with time-accurate simulations using the 3D unsteady Navier-Stokes CFD solver TURBO. Generally there is excellent agreement between the measurements and simulations, instilling confidence in both. Strong vortices of the wake can break up the rotor bow shock and contribute to loss. At close spacing vortices are shed from the trailing edge of the upstream stationary blade row in response to the unsteady, discontinuous pressure field generated by the downstream rotor bow shock. Shed vortices increase in size and strength and generate more loss as spacing decreases, a consequence of the effective increase in rotor bow shock strength at the stationary blade row trailing edge. A relationship for the change in shed vorticity as a function of rotor bow shock strength is presented that predicts the difference between close and far spacing TURBO simulations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorrell, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTF, Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4729-2 PY 2005 BP 1499 EP 1511 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFK59 UT WOS:000242493400135 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, CC Driscoll, JF Hsu, KY Donbar, JM Gruber, MR Carter, CD AF Rasmussen, CC Driscoll, JF Hsu, KY Donbar, JM Gruber, MR Carter, CD TI Stability limits of cavity-stabilized flames in supersonic flow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE supersonic combustion; flameholders; cavity flow; blowout; flame stability AB Experiments were performed to examine the stability of hydrocarbon-fueled flames in cavity flameholders in supersonic airflows. Methane and ethylene were burned in two different cavity configurations having aft walls ramped at 22.5 degrees and 90 degrees. Air stagnation temperatures were 590 K at Mach 2 and 640 K at Mach 3. Lean blowout limits showed dependence on the air mass flowrates, cavity geometry, fuel injection scheme, Mach number, and fuel type. Large differences were noted between cavity floor and cavity ramp injection schemes. Visual observations, planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide, and shadowgraph imaging were used to investigate these phenomena. Cavity ramp injection provided better performance near the lean blowout limit, whereas injection from the cavity floor resulted in more stable flames near the rich limit. Ethylene flames have a wider range of stable operations than methane in all conditions. Lean blowout limits were not significantly different between the Mach 2 and Mach 3 cases at the lean limit; however, variation in Mach number had a measurable effect near the rich limit. Fuel flowrates at ignition were much greater than the lean blowout limit, but showed similar dependence on air mass flowrate. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, RL, PRAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rasmussen, CC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ccrasmus@umich.edu NR 20 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 19 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 2825 EP 2833 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.185 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300126 ER PT B AU Hill, K Macon, C Kent, B Van, T AF Hill, K Macon, C Kent, B Van, T GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Analysis of the RCS and high resolution synthetic radar track data for the space Shuttle mission STS-114 SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC DE range-time-intensity; radar cross section; range profile; retum-to-flight mission; physical optics; Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle AB For future Shuttle missions, a radar system consisting of a new wideband C-band radar and two Weibel continuous pulse Doppler X-band radars has been implemented for adequate detection of debris during launch and ascent. Three radars will digitally record tracking data of the Shuttle from launch until signal is lost with the primary timeframe of interest being launch to launch plus 150 seconds. In this paper, radar cross sections and range profiles of the Shuttle are computed by Xpatch for these three radars. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600007 ER PT B AU Camberos, JA Wheat, PM Wong, SH AF Camberos, JA Wheat, PM Wong, SH GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Development and status of a finite-volume, time-domain CEM research code with multidisciplinary applications SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB A general-purpose finite-volume, time-domain electromagnetic solver is described. The objective of the effort began as a modification to an existing computational fluid dynamics code, Cobalt(60), to solve the equations of electromagnetism. The existing framework for handling geometries with unstructured grids and the parallel computing capability made the code conversion convenient and timely. The code implements the solution of the Marwell "curl" equations. Results for perfectly conducting spherical surface are presented and compare favorably with theory and other electromagnetic solvers. Example results are presented for complex geometries and tests were performed for other benchmark geometries. A notable feature (portability) of the present code is its parallel computing capability from high performance platforms to Linux-based clusters. The code also takes advantage of implicit time advance to overcome the typical limitations of explicit methods. Work described includes (i) systematic analysis and implementation of the basic algorithms, boundary conditions and applications; (ii) proof that the code can achieve accurate results in comparison to other methods; and (iii) advantages of implicit time-stepping approach as compared to other finite-difference and finite-volume explicit methods. These claims are substantiated by various numerical simulations Performed by the present code and selected alternatives. Open issues are presented and discussed in context of ongoing plans for solution verification and code validation in tandem with continued development. It remains an open question whether codes based on time-domain methods will become computationally efficient to compete with frequency-domain solvers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch,VAAC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Camberos, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch,VAAC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600008 ER PT B AU MacGillivray, J Amdahl, D Baca, E Lawrance, J Torres, R Minga, A Schwarzmeier, J Abdalla, M AF MacGillivray, J Amdahl, D Baca, E Lawrance, J Torres, R Minga, A Schwarzmeier, J Abdalla, M GP IEEE Comp Soc TI TMax electromagnetic finite difference time domain simulations on the cray X1 of the impulse radiating antenna SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB The Air Force Research Laboratory High Power Microwave Division has developed a vector and parallel processing electromagnetic finite difference time domain (FDTD) computational Temporal Maxwell (TMax) solver. FDTD is a robust technique well suited for vector and parallel processing yielding a useful electromagnetic modeling tool. In this paper, TMax simulations of the Impulse Radiating Antenna (IRA) via the Cray X1 high performance computing machine with state-of-the art vectorizing FORTRAN compilers are shown to produce high resolution results for a sizable volume generating good agreement with experimental data thereby providing a way to assess different IRA configurations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP MacGillivray, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600012 ER PT B AU Cartwright, KL Amdahl, DJ Bettencourt, M Bowers, LA Greenwood, AD Fichtl, CA Fleming, TP Haworth, MD Lenyk, CA Lockwood, NP Mardahl, PJ Peterkin, RE AF Cartwright, KL Amdahl, DJ Bettencourt, M Bowers, LA Greenwood, AD Fichtl, CA Fleming, TP Haworth, MD Lenyk, CA Lockwood, NP Mardahl, PJ Peterkin, RE GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Virtual prototyping of directed energy weapons SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON; SIMULATION AB This paper gives an overview of how RF systems, from pulsed power to antennas, can be virtually prototyped with the ICEPIC (Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell) code. ICEPIC simulates from first principles (Maxwell's equations and Lorenz's force law) the electrodynamics and charged particle dynamics of the RF-producing part of the system. Our simulations focus on gigawatt-class sources; the relativistic magnetron is shown as an example. Such simulations require enormous computational resources. These simulations successfully expose undesirable features of these sources and help us to suggest improvements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DE, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cartwright, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DE, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI bettencourt, matthew/I-5924-2014 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600014 ER PT B AU Gorrell, S de Wall, AV Tsung, FL AF Gorrell, S de Wall, AV Tsung, FL GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Application of time-accurate CFD in order to account for blade-row interactions and distortion transfer in the design of high performance military fans and compressors SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID STATOR-ROTOR INTERACTIONS; TRANSONIC COMPRESSOR AB The application of Computational Science and Engineering to the design and analysis of high performance military fans and compressors makes it possible to explicitly account for unsteady flow effects. During this first year of Challenge Project CII, simulations have been accomplished for three different components: an AFRL research rig, a GE VAATE core compressor, and a GE military fan. These simulations are being used to investigate how blade row interactions and distortion transfer impact fan and compressor performance. Challenges to performing such large simulations have been identified and an efficient methodology for setting-up, running, and post-processing the simulations has been developed Simulations accomplished through this Challenge Project have produced improved geometric, physical, and numerical fidelity results than previously possible, allowing the design of next generation engines to achieve unprecedented performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorrell, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 92 EP 99 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600016 ER PT B AU Freeman, JA AF Freeman, JA GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics in support of aircraft/store compatibility and weapons integration - 2005 edition SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB The Air Force SEEK EAGLE Office (AFSEO), Eglin Air Force Base (AFB), FL, is the United States Air Force (USAF) authority for weapons certification efforts. AFSEO performs test and evaluation for aircraft/store compatibility certification and uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to support this process. Determining the flow about an aircraft/store combination can be extremely difficult. Complicated geometry such as pylons, launchers, grid fins, and internal weapons bays create severe acoustic and aerothermodynamic environments, which are challenging to numerically simulate. The additional challenge of rapidly and accurately modeling and simulating the trajectory of a store separation in a high-volume simulation environment is beyond the capabilities of most CFD programs. The USAF requirement for numerous, simultaneous and quick-reaction solutions for a wide variety of stores and aircraft can only be accomplished through application of parallel high-performance computing resources that meet the significant computational and memory demands. This project increases combat capability for the current USAF fleet of tactical and strategic aircraft with associated weapon systems. Before operational use, all aircraft/store configurations must be certified for safe loading, carriage and jettison/release. AFSEO provides flight certification recommendations, based on combinations of engineering analysis, ground and flight testing. Engineering analyses come from disciplines in carriage loads, store separations, flutter, ballistics, stability and control, and electromagnetic compatibility and interference. The AFSEO CFD team provides time-critical support for engineering design and analysis-in the form of computed aircraft/store carriage aerodynamic loads, predicted store separation characteristics, changes in aerodynamic properties and performance due to design modifications, and visualized flow field physics-used to optimize the application of ground and flight testing, reducing risk and lowering cost of fielding new weapons. This paper discusses six of the most recently applied AFSEO CFD tasks related to specific aircraft/store investigations and certifications. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Freeman, JA (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, 46 SK SKE, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 112 EP 118 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600018 ER PT B AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR Sherer, SE AF Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR Sherer, SE GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Higher-order accurate computations of maneuvering unmanned combat air vehicle configurations SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB In this paper a well-validated and robust high-order technique is used to solve the unsteady, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for a 50 degrees sweep delta wing undergoing dynamic motion. A higher-order overset mesh technique is used to represent complex geometric details and accomplish efficient parallel implementation via a domain decomposition approach. A novel hybrid RANS/ILES approach is investigated for modeling the massively separated, turbulent flows over this low sweep wing. Initial computations for a constant rate pitching motion and a sinusoidally oscillating plunging motion are performed. Vortex reformation is demonstrated as a result of the sinusoidal plunging motion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VA,Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VA,Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 128 EP 133 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600020 ER PT B AU Madden, TJ Miller, JH Lampson, AI Plummer, DN AF Madden, TJ Miller, JH Lampson, AI Plummer, DN GP IEEE Comp Soc TI 3-D Navier-Stokes simulation of chemical laser devices SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC C1 USAF, Res Lab, DE Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DE Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 174 EP 181 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600026 ER PT B AU Gaitonde, DV AF Gaitonde, DV GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Plasma-assisted local control and energy management in a scramjet flowpath SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB The effort to develop viable hypersonic air-breathing propulsion can benefit considerably from implementation of revolutionary techniques based on plasma-fluid interactions. Simulations have a key role to play in this endeavor because of difficulties encountered in testing under the severe operating environments. To this end, challenge resources have been utilized to perform pathfinding high-fidelity, fully three-dimensional (3-D) multi-physics simulations on critical problems encountered in scramjet flowpaths. The effort has demonstrated several local flow control concepts as well as large scale energy management. In the local flow control category, a novel electrodeless approach is shown to successfully accomplish suppression of shock-induced turbulent separation. In other sub-component studies, the non-intuitive effect of plasma-based force and heating on a compressible inviscid instability is analyzed, near-wall sheath phenomena are elucidated and losses due to vibrational freezing in a nozzle are characterized from first-principles. For energy management, prior tip-to-tail simulations on rectangular scramjets have been complemented and compared with a new axisymmetric design, utilizing azimuthally oriented magnetic fields. In both, viscous-inviscid interactions, velocity distortions and Hall currents are first order effects, but spanwise asymmetries observed in the rectangular cross-section design are precluded in the axisymmetric configuration. These analyses, which require massive computational resources obtained through the DoD HPCMP, demonstrate the key role of simulations in leading the development of future hypersonic vehicles utilizing advanced concepts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VA,Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VA,Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600027 ER PT B AU Ruggiero, FH Werne, JA Lund, TS Fritts, DC Wan, K Wang, L Mahalov, A Nichols, B AF Ruggiero, FH Werne, JA Lund, TS Fritts, DC Wan, K Wang, L Mahalov, A Nichols, B GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Characterization of high altitude turbulence for air force platforms SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID INSTABILITY C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ruggiero, FH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 226 EP 230 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600034 ER PT B AU Camberos, JA Lambe, LA Luczak, R AF Camberos, JA Lambe, LA Luczak, R GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Computational physics with hybrid symbolic-numeric methodology for multidisciplinary applications SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID BURGERS-EQUATION; COMPLEX SINGULARITIES; DYNAMICS; CONDENSATION; FLOW AB We used computer aided symbolic computation in our previous papers([1.2]) to explore solutions of partial differential equations in a way that involves a synergistic application of symbolic and numeric methodologies' Here we review the results thus far and present a few examples of this emerging methodology. This continued development is presented with the hope of inspiring new thought in utilizing hybrid symbolic and numeric manipulation for solving the equations of mathematical physics from a fundamental perspective. We see an opportunity to revisit the very foundations of scientific computing armed with new symbolic and numeric computational tools that complement the numerical power of modern machines. C1 AFRL, VAAC, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Dayton, OH USA. RP Camberos, JA (reprint author), AFRL, VAAC, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Dayton, OH USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 292 EP 299 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600045 ER PT B AU Ross, VW AF Ross, VW GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Heterogeneous high performance computer SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB This paper discusses the proven concept of marrying the computing capabilities of a cluster computer with the reconfigurability of adaptive computing systems into a 48 node heterogeneous high performance computer (HHPC) with 34 TOPS peak performance. This system has shown over two years of success supporting the Signal and Image Processing (SIP), Forces Modeling and Simulation (FMS), Computational Electromagnetics and Acoustics (CEA), and Integrated Modeling and Test Environments (IMT) communities. The HHPC supports both local and remote users. Highlights of the research efforts performed on this system, and its advancement Of reconfigurable computing, since it was introduced in 2003, are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IF, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Ross, VW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IF, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 304 EP 307 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600047 ER PT S AU Baird, L Smalenberger, D Ingkiriwang, S AF Baird, L Smalenberger, D Ingkiriwang, S GP IEEE TI One-step neural network inversion with PDF learning and emulation SO Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc AB We present two new types of neural networks (both of which can be trained with ordinary error backpropagation) and we present a new algorithm for learning a probability density function (pdf) from example vectors. It is normally difficult to invert a neural network, but for the new bijective neural network, it is efficient to find an input producing any desired output, and such an input is guaranteed to exist and to be unique. Furthermore, it can be used as one component in building a pdf neural network, which is a neural network with a nonnegative output, and for which it is guaranteed that the integral of the output is exactly 1.0 (as in a pdf function). Both of these can be used for supervised learning using standard error backpropagation. Finally, the new pqf learning algorithm is capable of using those networks to learn a pdf given i.i.d. samples drawn from that pdf, and to then generate new vectors from the learned pdf. This, in turn, allows inversion of a function with non-unique inverses, where each inverse is generated with ust a single evaluation of the network. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baird, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-9048-2 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2005 BP 966 EP 971 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDS40 UT WOS:000235178001053 ER PT S AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, LI GP IEEE TI Neural network with fuzzy dynamic logic SO Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vols 1-5 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2005) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc AB The paper describes a neural network utilizing models and extending Fuzzy Logic. The motivation is to explain the process of learning as joint model improvement and fuzziness reduction. An initial state of this neural network is highly fuzzy with uncertain knowledge; it dynamically evolves into a low-fuzzy state of certain knowledge. This neural system resembles several known mechanisms of the mind and overcomes certain long-standing difficulties in several application fields. We present an example and briefly discuss mechanisms of concepts, emotions, including aesthetic emotions, instincts, conscious, unconscious, imagination, perception, cognition and relate them to the introduced neural network and the novel mathematics of dynamic logic. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-9048-2 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2005 BP 3046 EP 3051 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDS40 UT WOS:000235178004067 ER PT B AU Cousin, K Peterson, GL AF Cousin, K Peterson, GL BE DelPobil, AP TI Cooperative reinforcement learning using an expert-measuring weighted strategy with WoLF SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing CY SEP 12-14, 2005 CL Benidorm, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, TC Artificial Intelligence & Expert Syst, IASTED, TC Soft Comp DE multiagent reinforcement learning; weighted strategy sharing AB Gradient descent learning algorithms have proven effective in solving mixed strategy games. The policy hill climbing (PHC) variants of WoLF (Win or Learn Fast) and PDWoLF (Policy Dynamics based WoLF) have both shown rapid convergence to equilibrium solutions by increasing the accuracy of their gradient parameters over standard Q-learning. Likewise, cooperative learning techniques using weighted strategy sharing (WSS) and expertness measurements improve agent performance when multiple agents are solving a common goal. By combining these cooperative techniques with fast gradient descent learning, an agent's performance converges to a solution at an even faster rate. This statement is verified in a stochastic grid world environment using a limited visibility hunter-prey model with random and intelligent prey. Among five different expertness measurements, cooperative learning using each PHC algorithm converges faster than independent learning when agents strictly learn from better performing agents. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM kevin.cousin@afit.edu; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-536-1 PY 2005 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDE91 UT WOS:000233165700030 ER PT B AU Dwyer, D Havrilla, M Dorey, S Hastriter, M Simpson, G AF Dwyer, D. Havrilla, M. Dorey, S. Hastriter, M. Simpson, G. BE Hamza, MH TI Efficient electromagnetic material characterization via 2-D rectangular waveguide reduction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS, RADAR, AND WAVE PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IASTED International Conference on Antennas, Radar, and Wave Propagation CY JUL 19-21, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED Tech Comm Telecommun, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc DE 2-D stepped waveguide measurements; electromagnetic material characterization; modal analysis ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB Electromagnetic material characterization is the process of determining the complex permittivity and permeability of a material. Rectangular waveguide measurements involving frequencies greater than several giga-hertz require only a relatively small test sample. In an X-Band (8-12 GHz) waveguide, for example, sample dimensions in the crosssectional plane are only 0.9" by 0.4". However, for lowerfrequency applications waveguide dimensions become progressively larger. Consequently, larger quantities of materials are required leading to possible sample fabrication difficulties. Under these circumstances, a waveguide sample holder having a two-dimensional reduced aperture may be utilized to reduce the time and cost spent producing large precision samples. This type of holder, however, will cause a disruption in the wave guidewall surface currents, resulting in the excitation of higher order transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. This paper will demonstrate how these higher-order modes can be accommodated using a modalanalysis technique, thus resulting in the ability to measure smaller samples mounted in large waveguides and still extract the test sample's constitutive parameters at the desired frequencies. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dwyer, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 0-88986-503-5 PY 2005 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BEW24 UT WOS:000239789900020 ER PT B AU MeGinthy, JM Kaanta, BC Best, SR AF MeGinthy, J. M. Kaanta, B. C. Best, S. R. BE Hamza, MH TI A comparison of fractal and non-fractal end-loaded miniature dipole antennas SO Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Antennas, Radar, and Wave Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IASTED International Conference on Antennas, Radar, and Wave Propagation CY JUL 19-21, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED Tech Comm Telecommun, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc DE dipole antennas; end-loaded antennas; fractal antennas; electrically small antennas ID RESONANT WIRE ANTENNAS AB End-loaded dipole antennas exhibit lower resonant frequencies than straight-wire dipole antennas that have the same overall length. End-loading is a well known and a relatively straight-forward technique for miniaturizing the overall size of an antenna at a fixed or given frequency. The typical design trade-offs that occur when miniaturizing an antenna are a reduction in resonant resistance and operating bandwidth. Here, we examine several different end-loading geometries, and compare their relative performance. These geometries include fractal and non-fractal configurations. In comparing different antenna geometries, we set the resonant frequency to be the same and we examine the antennas' resonant resistance and impedance bandwidth. We show that the resonant impedance properties of the different end-loaded dipole antennas are consistent for a given resonant frequency, indicating that the dominant factor in establishing the antenna's effective height is its overall length. We show that the antennas' bandwidth properties vary to a greater degree and are more a function of the occupied and resulting effective volumes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP MeGinthy, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate Antenna Technol Branch, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 0-88986-503-5 PY 2005 BP 336 EP 341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BEW24 UT WOS:000239789900064 ER PT S AU Riley, RL AF Riley, RL GP IEEE TI Reconfigurable hardware acceleration for a cryptographically inspired pseudo-random sequence generation engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST05) CY MAR 20-22, 2005 CL Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL SP IEEE HO Tuskegee Univ DE reconfigurable computing; gateware munition interface processor; viva ID ARCHITECTURES AB This paper describes the design and implementation of an encryption based algorithm for random sequence generation on reconfigurable hardware. This engine is designed using a nonlinear bit-mixing function that is derived from the data encryption algorithm used in the data encryption standard (DES). By exploiting the parallel processing scheme that is inherent to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for hardware-based algorithmic acceleration, more efficient systems have been designed. The fastest hardware implementation is capable of processing the random sequence generation algorithm more than 40x faster than the conventional, microprocessor implementation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM robert.filey@eglin.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8808-9 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2005 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1109/SSST.2005.1460879 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BCB29 UT WOS:000228486100014 ER PT S AU Curtis, C Doss, CC Kelly, JC AF Curtis, C Doss, CC Kelly, JC GP IEEE TI Adaptable caching techniques for reconfigurable computing systems SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST05) CY MAR 20-22, 2005 CL Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL SP IEEE HO Tuskegee Univ DE adaptable; caching; memory optimization; reconfigurable computing; field programmable gate array AB Applications for small economic mobile machines (e.g., security, search and rescue, medical imaging, storm tracking, or space exploration) require low-cost real-time Digital Signal Processing (DSP) computing systems. There has been an increase in the migration of DSP algorithms to Reconfigurable Computing (RC) platforms to solve this problem. Unfortunately, the bottleneck due to limiting I/O becomes more prominent as FPGA density increases. This drives a need for data caching in RC to reach significant speed-ups with little cost. In this paper, a method is introduced to enhance performance execution of computationally intense DSP algorithms on loosely coupled RC systems by adaptable caching. Hence, the exploitation of application-specific locality-of-reference has the potential to achieve at least a twofold increase in performance without a dramatic rise in cost. Moreover, high-level language compilers with the addition of an adaptable caching technique will provide better usage of hardware resources for ordinary users. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Curtis, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8808-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2005 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1109/SSST.2005.1460962 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BCB29 UT WOS:000228486100097 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, R. A. Yaghjian, A. D. TI A low-order-singularity electric-field integral equation solvable with pulse basis functions and point matching SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article AB The conventional form of the electric-field integral equation (EFIE), unlike the magnetic-field integral equation, cannot be solved accurately with the method of moments using pulse basis functions and point matching. A new form of the EFIE is derived whose kernel has no greater singularity than that of the free-space Green's function. This low-order-singularity form of the EFIE, the LEFIE, is solved numerically for perfectly electrically conducting bodies of revolution (BORs) using pulse basis functions and point-matching. Derivatives of the current are approximated with finite differences using a quadratic Lagrangian interpolation polynomial. Such a simple solution of the LEFIE is contingent, however, upon the vanishing of a linear integral that appears when the original EFIE is transformed to obtain the LEFIE. This generally restricts the applicability of the LEFIE to smooth closed scatterers. Bistatic scattering calculations performed for a prolate spheroid demonstrate that results comparable in accuracy to those of the conventionally solved EFIE can be obtained with the LEFIE using pulse basis functions and point matching provided a higher density of points is used close to the ends of the BOR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2005 VL 52 BP 129 EP 151 DI 10.2528/PIER04073004 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 072UZ UT WOS:000239699800006 ER PT J AU Wang, L Kong, JA Ding, KH Le Toan, T Ribbes-Baillarin, F Floury, N AF Wang, L. Kong, J. A. Ding, K. H. Le Toan, T. Ribbes-Baillarin, F. Floury, N. TI Electromagetic scattering model for rice canopy based on Monte Carlo simulation SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTERING ENHANCEMENT; BAND SAR; VEGETATION AB A scattering model for rice canopy based on Monte Carlo simulations is applied to interpret RADARSAT data and to predict the temporal response of rice growth. The model takes into account the coherent wave interactions among vegetative elements which usually occur in clusters with closely spaced elements. The model was also used to analyze the structural effect of rice fields on the scattering returns. Simulation results show a significant difference in L-band backscattering returns from rice fields with different structures, and are consistent with empirical observations from JERS-1 Campaign. Taking the ratio of HH over VV can help eliminating ambiguities in this inverse scattering problem. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNHE, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiales BIOsphere, F-31401 Toulouse, France. Spot Image, F-31030 Toulouse 4, France. European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, TEC EEP, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2005 VL 52 BP 153 EP 171 DI 10.2528/PIER04080901 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 072UZ UT WOS:000239699800007 ER PT J AU Chew, WC AF Chew, W. C. TI Some reflections on double negative materials SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID LEFT-HANDED MATERIALS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TRANSMISSION; MEDIA; METAMATERIAL; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB We study the energy conservation property and loss condition of a left-handed material (LHM). First we argue by energy conservation that an LHM has to be a backward-wave material (BWM). Then we derive the equivalence of the loss and the Sommerfeld far-field radiation conditions for BWM. Next, we solve the realistic Sommerfeld problem of a point source over an LHM half space and an LHM slab. With this solution, we elucidate the physics of the interaction of a point source with an LHM half space and an LHM slab. We interpret our observation with surface plasmon resonance at the interfaces as well as the resonance tunneling phenomenon. This analysis lends physical insight into the interaction of a point source field with an LHM showing that super-resolution beyond the diffraction limit is possible with a very low loss LHM slab. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. AFRL, IPA, Dayton, OH USA. RP Chew, WC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Chew, Weng Cho/C-1792-2009 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2005 VL 51 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.2528/PIER04032602 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 072UY UT WOS:000239699700001 ER PT J AU Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Donley, MS AF Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Donley, MS TI Investigation of corrosion protection performance of sol-gel coatings on AA2024-T3 SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Conference on Coatings Science and Technology CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL Vouliagmeni, GREECE DE sol-gel coatings; corrosion protection; Cr(VI) compounds ID 2024-T3 AB The paper addresses the technologically important problem of replacement of chromate-based coatings for corrosion protection of aircraft. The Air Force requires development of environmentally compliant aircraft coating systems that perform adequately in terms of corrosion protection. Current Air Force corrosion inhibitor paint chemistry relies heavily on the use of Cr(VI) compounds in the form of strontium or barium chromate, which are incorporated into both the surface pretreatment and the primers. These corrosion inhibitor systems are very effective, but are known carcinogens and therefore must be eliminated. To address this problem, sol-gel-based surface treatments are being investigated as a potential replacement for the current chromate-based surface treatment. Experiments were performed to verify that sol-gel coatings can be used as barrier layers in complex coating systems. The results clearly demonstrated that epoxy-zirconate sol-gel coatings are a viable replacement for the currently used chromate-based surface treatments. (C) 2064 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Coatings Res Grp, AFRL,MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Voevodin, NN (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM natasha.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2004.05.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 889FI UT WOS:000226428500005 ER PT J AU Donley, MS Balbyshev, VN Voevodin, NN AF Donley, MS Balbyshev, VN Voevodin, NN TI Self-assembled NAnophase Particle (SNAP) surface treatments for corrosion protection of AA2024-T3 SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Conference on Coatings Science and Technology CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL Vouliagmeni, GREECE DE self-assembled NAnophase particle; sol-gel process; chromated primer ID 2024-T3 AB The Self-assembled NAnophase Particle (SNAP) process is a method of forming functionalized silica nanoparticles in situ in an aqueous-based sol-gel process, and then crosslinking the nanoparticles to form a thin film. Using the SNAP approach, coating components and materials can be designed and built up from the molecular level, in a sort of "bottom-up" design process. The SNAP surface treatment coatings have been investigated in a 2000 It salt spray test with a chromated primer and topcoat as a potential surface treatment replacement for the current chromate-based approach. Based on these results, paint systems incorporating the SNAP surface treatment with a chromated primer exhibited equivalent corrosion protection when used with a fully chromated system. The formulation of the SNAP surface treatment coatings used in this study did not include a corrosion inhibitor(s). The SNAP coatings were not only chromate-free, but they contained no heavy metals and were water-based. In addition, these SNAP surface treatment coatings were also found to be effective when used in an applique topcoat system without a chromated primer, showing no film undercutting around the area of the scribe. Other possible formulations that could be developed using potent corrosion inhibitors in the SNAP process will also be presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, NN (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM natasha.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2004.05.007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 889FI UT WOS:000226428500006 ER PT S AU Drager, SL Walsh, LD AF Drager, SL Walsh, LD BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum computing at the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation III CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE quantum information science; quantum computing; information dominance; information systems; command; control; communications; computers; intelligence; surveillance and reconnaissance AB The Air Force Research Laboratory leads the discovery, development, and integration of affordable war fighting technologies for our air and space forces. In particular, the Information Directorate's mission is to advance and apply Information Systems Science and Technology to provide Information Dominance. This paper discusses why the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate is concerned with researching prospective computing architectures for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance applications. Projects addressing quantum information science and quantum computing will be discussed, highlighting where these technologies offer potential disruptive technology solutions for the Air Force. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5800-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5815 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.609879 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCW49 UT WOS:000231558600001 ER PT S AU Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L AF Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum lattice representation of 1D MHD turbulence with arbitrary transport coefficients SO Quantum Information and Computation III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation III CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE quantum computing; quantum Boltzmann equation; magnetohydrodynamic turbulence ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; GAS MODEL; BOLTZMANN; EQUATION AB The quantum Boltzmann equation method is demonstrated by numerically predicting the time-dependent solutions of the velocity and magnetic fields governed by nonintegrable magnetohydrodynamic equations in one spatial dimension. The method allows arbitrary tuning of the value of the viscosity and resistivity transport coefficients without compromising numerical integrity even near the zero dissipation and turbulent regime where shock front discontinuities emerge. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5800-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5815 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.603029 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCW49 UT WOS:000231558600026 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Boeckl, J Tomlin, D Lu, WJ Rigueur, J Reynolds, J AF Mitchel, WC Boeckl, J Tomlin, D Lu, WJ Rigueur, J Reynolds, J BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Growth of carbon nanotubes by sublimation of silicon carbide substrates SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE carbon nanotubes; silicon carbide; electron microscopy; and Raman scattering ID FIELD-EMISSION; SURFACE DECOMPOSITION; SINGLE; FILM; SIC(0001); PHASE AB Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT's) have been found to form on both the Si and C faces of silicon carbide (SiC) wafers at high temperature. The CNT's form when the SiC wafer is exposed to temperatures in the range 1400-1700 degrees C under moderate vacuum. The CNT's are aligned roughly parallel to the surface. After a half hour at 1700 degrees C under vacuum of 10(-4) torr, a near continuous CNT layer about 250mn thick is formed. The entire surface of the SiC is covered with CNT's including both single and multiwalled tubes, and some graphitic carbon. SEM, TEM, AFM, XPS and Raman scattering measurements have been used to analyse the CNT/SiC structures. The metal catalyst free CNT's on SiC exhibit low density of structural defects and are very straight. The carbon source is believed to be residual carbon from the SiC left on the surface after preferential evaporation of Si. It is speculated that CNT's growth is catalysed by low concentrations of residual oxygen in the chamber during growth. The vacuum conditions can significantly affect CNT's growth. Single wall carbon nanotubes are evident in Raman spectra on the samples grown at 10(-3) Torr, not on these grown at 10(-5) Torr. C1 AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5706-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5732 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.590456 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCF41 UT WOS:000229036500009 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Haugan, H Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Grazulis, L Houston, S AF Brown, GJ Haugan, H Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Grazulis, L Houston, S BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Type-II superlattice materials for mid-infrared detection SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; detector; superlattice; InAs/GaSb AB Type-II superlattices composed of alternating thin layers of InAs and GaSb, have been shown to be a highly flexible infrared materials system in which the energy band gap can be adjusted anywhere between 360 meV and 40 meV. These superlattices (SLs) are the III-V equivalent to the well established HgxCd1-xTe alloys used for infrared detection in the short, mid and long wavelength bands of the infrared spectrum. There are many possible designs for these superlattices that will produce the same narrow band gap by adjusting individual layer thicknesses and interface composition. Systematic growth and characterization studies were performed to determine optimum superlattice designs suitable for infrared detection in the 3 to 5 mu m wavelength band. For these studies the individual layer thicknesses were less than 35 angstrom. The effects of adding different thickness InSb-like interfaces were also studied. Through precision molecular beam epitaxy, design changes as small as 3 angstrom to the SL layers could be studied. Significant changes were observed in the infrared photoresponse spectra of the various SL samples. The infrared properties of the various designs of these type-II superlattices were modeled using an 8-band Envelope Function Approximation. The infrared photoresponse spectra, combined with quantum mechanical modeling of predicted absorption spectra, were a key factor in the design optimization of the InAs/GaSb superlattices with band gaps in the range of 200 to 360 meV. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5706-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5732 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.597076 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCF41 UT WOS:000229036500028 ER PT B AU Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, L AF Dziedzic, Michael J. Hawley, Len BE Covey, J Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, LR TI The Quest for Viable Peace International Intervention and Strategies for Conflict Transformation Introduction SO QUEST FOR VIABLE PEACE: INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION AND STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Dziedzic, Michael J.] US Inst Peace, Res & Studies Program, Washington, DC USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIK, Prishtina, Kosova, Serbia. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIKs Stand Kosovo, Pristina, Kosova, Serbia. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Peace Operat Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Dziedzic, MJ (reprint author), Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-67-1 PY 2005 BP 3 EP 22 PG 20 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BWA86 UT WOS:000293324600001 ER PT B AU Dziedzic, MJ Kishinchand, S AF Dziedzic, Michael J. Kishinchand, Sasha BE Covey, J Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, LR TI The Historical Context of Conflict in Kosovo SO QUEST FOR VIABLE PEACE: INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION AND STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dziedzic, Michael J.] US Inst Peace, Res & Studies Program, Washington, DC USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] Pentagon, Arlington, VA USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kishinchand, Sasha] USAID, Monitoring & Evaluat Program, Washington, DC USA. [Kishinchand, Sasha] Assoc US Army, CSIS AUSA Project Postconflict Reconstruct, Arlington, VA USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Peace Operat Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIK, Pristina, Kosova, Serbia. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIKs Stand Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosova, Serbia. RP Dziedzic, MJ (reprint author), Int Inst Strateg Studies, London, England. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-67-1 PY 2005 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BWA86 UT WOS:000293324600002 ER PT B AU Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, L AF Dziedzic, Michael J. Hawley, Len BE Covey, J Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, LR TI Linkages among the Transformation Strategies SO QUEST FOR VIABLE PEACE: INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION AND STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIKs Stand Kosovo, Kosovo, Serbia. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Peace Operat Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Dept Polit Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-67-1 PY 2005 BP 245 EP 265 PG 21 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BWA86 UT WOS:000293324600009 ER PT B AU Dziedzic, MJ AF Dziedzic, Michael J. BE Covey, J Dziedzic, MJ Hawley, LR TI The Quest for Viable Peace International Intervention and Strategies for Conflict Transformation Conclusion SO QUEST FOR VIABLE PEACE: INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION AND STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Dziedzic, Michael J.] UNMIKs Stand Kosovo, Kosovo, Serbia. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Natl Def Univ, Inst Natl Strateg Studies, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Peace Operat Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dziedzic, Michael J.] USAF, Dept Polit Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-929223-67-1 PY 2005 BP 267 EP 281 PG 15 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BWA86 UT WOS:000293324600010 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK AF Mitra, AK BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Leakage signal analysis for position-adaptive UAV radar applications SO Radar Sensor Technology 1X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IX CY MAR 31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE position-adaptive radar; leakage signal processing; mini-UAV helicopter; ultra-wideband radar; signal analysis; electromagnetic modeling and simulation AB The results of numerical electromagnetic simulation and analysis of a set of positive-adaptive UAV radar signals are presented. These signals are simulated via the modeling of materials that enclose "building-type" structures with a series of connected dielectric materials. For example, windows, walls, and doors are each modeled separately by a combination of suitable material properties. Signals from objects that are embedded within these "building-type" structures are also simulated via the development and application of appropriate geometrical and materials models. Analysis of the resulting simulated "leakage signals" that penetrate the surfaces of these "building-type" structures and are backscattered from embedded objects within the indoor environment back to the simulated outdoor environment are presented. The results of a signal analysis are presented in two categories. The first set of results illustrates signal trends that can be exploited by "position-adaptive" mini-UAV's to isolate effective "leakage points" in "building-type" structures. The second set of results illustrate signal trends from embedded objects after a particular "position-adaptive" mini-UAV has converged to a "leakage point." C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5773-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5788 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.604015 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR79 UT WOS:000230961200007 ER PT S AU Nunez, AS Caldwell, JT AF Nunez, AS Caldwell, JT BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI Transform Domain Communication System as an ultra-wideband radar SO Radar Sensor Technology 1X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IX CY MAR 31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Transform Domain Communication System; radar; ambiguity function ID AIRBORNE RADAR AB Traditionally, ultra-wideband radars increase bandwidth by using shorter pulses. However, by decreasing the pulse width, the power on target decreases and radar detection probabilities decrease. Therefore, new approaches to increase bandwidth are needed that still have adequate power on target. One radical new approach is to use a Transform Domain Communication System (TDCS) as an ultra-wideband radar. The primary advantage of this technique is that it has properties similar to Gaussian noise meaning that the radar would improve bandwidth similar to pseudo-noise (PN) sequences. Also, based on the number of carriers used to generate the TDCS code, multiple pulses can be made mutually orthogonal. This orthogonality can be exploited to effectively increase the maximum unambiguous range for pulse-Doppler radars up to the range of the horizon. In essence, TDCS radar possesses a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for velocity estimation and large unambiguous range. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nunez, AS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5773-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5788 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.603448 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR79 UT WOS:000230961200015 ER PT S AU Ketsdever, AD Lilly, TC Gimelshein, SF Alexeenko, AA AF Ketsdever, AD Lilly, TC Gimelshein, SF Alexeenko, AA BE Capitelli, M TI Experimental and numerical study of nozzle plume impingement on spacecraft surfaces SO Rarefied Gas Dynamics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD24) CY JUL 10-16, 2004 CL Monopoli, ITALY SP Inst Metodol Inorgan Plasmi, Univ Bari & Dept Chem, USAF UK, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Grp Nazl Fis Matemat, ALTA-CENTROSPAZIO, Assessorato Turismo-Reg Puglia, Comune Alberobello, COMPULAB-Rivenditore Autozzato Apple, Fond Cassa Risparm Pugl ID SYSTEMS AB An experimental and numerical effort was undertaken to assess the effects of a cold gas (T-o =300K) nozzle plume impinging on a simulated spacecraft surface. The nozzle flow impingement is investigated experimentally using a nano-Newton resolution force balance and numerically using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) numerical technique. The Reynolds number range investigated in this study is from 0.5 to approximately 900 using helium and nitrogen propellants. The thrust produced by the nozzle was first assessed on a force balance to provide a baseline case. Subsequently, an aluminum plate was attached to the same force balance at various angles from 0 (parallel to the plume flow) to 10 degrees. For low Reynolds number helium flow, a 16.5% decrease in thrust was measured for the plate at 0 relative to the free plume expansion case. For low Reynolds number nitrogen flow, the difference was found to be 12%. The thrust degradation was found to decrease at higher Reynolds numbers and larger plate angles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ketsdever, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0247-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 762 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BCQ51 UT WOS:000230775600058 ER PT S AU Josyula, E Xu, K Wadsworth, DC AF Josyula, E Xu, K Wadsworth, DC BE Capitelli, M TI Testing continuum and non-continuum descriptions in high speed flows SO Rarefied Gas Dynamics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD24) CY JUL 10-16, 2004 CL Monopoli, ITALY SP Inst Metodol Inorgan Plasmi, Univ Bari & Dept Chem, USAF UK, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Grp Nazl Fis Matemat, ALTA-CENTROSPAZIO, Assessorato Turismo-Reg Puglia, Comune Alberobello, COMPULAB-Rivenditore Autozzato Apple, Fond Cassa Risparm Pugl ID GASES; MODEL AB Detailed simulations were performed with a continuum-based Navier-Stokes, a gas kinetic Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) and the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) flow solvers to identify and characterize the translational and internal energy mode relaxation in high speed flows. Argon and nitrogen shock structures were simulated to quantify the nonequilibrium state. A new multi-translational temperature gas kinetic model was developed to match the capability of DSMC. Bulk viscosity as an adjustable parameter to recover small departures from rotational equilibrium in the Navier-Stokes equations is explored in weak shock structures. In the context of nitrogen dissociation, the models of vibrational bias for the dissociation kinetics are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0247-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 762 BP 1217 EP 1222 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BCQ51 UT WOS:000230775600193 ER PT B AU Wegner, PM Hardy, DA Hite, DR duBro, G AF Wegner, PM Hardy, DA Hite, DR duBro, G BE Kurnaz, S Ince, F Inbasioglu, S Basturk, S TI Development of responsive space systems at the US Air Force Research Laboratory, space vehicles directorate SO RAST 2005: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies CY JUN 09-11, 2005 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE, AIAA, isprs, Turkish AF Acad, Istanbul Tech Univ, Bogazici Univ, Marmara Univ AB The United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is seeking to develop a new class of space systems that can be rapidly employed to meet changing conditions around the world. These systems are being developed with a strong focus on keeping the life-cycle cost very low, on getting the response time down to a matter of days, and on getting "actionable information" to decision makers. This program is composed of two parts. The first part is a technology development effort that seeks to leverage commercially available technology as much as possible. The second part is a demonstration program that consists of a series of space flights on twelve to eighteen month centers. This program is focused on all aspects of space missions: launch vehicle, launch range, satellite, payload, mission support and logistics. The successful development of Responsive Space Systems will increase the security of the US and its allies. It will also lead to commercial spin-off missions and will increase the market base for space systems. This paper will address the key aspects of this program: the technology development efforts, including the commercially available technologies that are being leveraged, the planned space demonstrations, and potential spin-off commercial applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Veh Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wegner, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Veh Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 472, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8977-8 PY 2005 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BDF26 UT WOS:000233198100022 ER PT S AU Sward, RE Baird, LC AF Sward, RE Baird, LC BE Vardanega, T Wellings, A TI Proving functional equivalence for program slicing in SPARK (TM) SO RELIABLE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY ADA-EUROPE 2005, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL York, ENGLAND AB Recent trends in software re-engineering have included tools to extract program slices from existing Ada procedures. This paper presents another such tool that extracts program slices from SPARK procedures and proves that the functionality of the original procedure is equivalent to the functionality of the collection of resulting slices. By showing that the effects of the SPARK statements in the collection of slices has the same effect on the input and output parameters of the procedure, we show that the SPARK program slicer, SPARKSlicer produces functionally equivalent program slices from SPARK procedures. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM fricky.sward@usafa.af.mil; leemon.baird@usafa.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26286-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3555 BP 105 EP 114 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO08 UT WOS:000230371600009 ER PT S AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC AF Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Numerical studies of eddy current NDE for small crack detection around fasteners in multi-layer structures SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 24A and 24B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO HO Colorado Sch Mines AB A series of numerical studies using validated models are presented investigating the influence of probe design and geometric flaw parameters on the eddy current measurement response for the inspection of cracks around fastener holes in multi-layer structures. Multiple quantitative features of the eddy current data were evaluated. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the influence of these design parameters on the ability to resolve the flaw characteristics in the measurement data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0245-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 760 BP 417 EP 424 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BCE68 UT WOS:000228893300052 ER PT S AU Blodgett, MP Yu, F Nagy, PB AF Blodgett, MP Yu, F Nagy, PB BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Eddy current nondestructive residual stress assessment in shot-peened nickel-base superalloys SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 24A and 24B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO HO Colorado Sch Mines ID CURRENT CONDUCTIVITY AB Shot peening and other mechanical surface enhancement methods improve the fatigue resistance and foreign-object damage tolerance of metallic components by introducing beneficial near surface compressive residual stresses and hardening the surface. However. the fatigue life improvement gained via surface enhancement is not explicitly accounted for in current engine component life prediction models because of the lack of accurate and reliable nondestructive methods that could verify the presence of compressive near-surface residual stresses in shot-peened hardware. In light of its frequency-dependent penetration depth, the measurement of eddy current conductivity has been suggested as a possible means to allow the nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in surface-treated components. This technique is based on the so-called piezoresistivity effect. i.e.. the stress-dependence of electrical resistivity. We found that, in contrast with most other material, surface-treated nickel-base superalloys exhibit an apparent increase in electrical conductivity at increasing inspection frequencies. i.e.. at decreasing penetration depths. Experimental results are presented to illustrate that the excess frequency-dependent apparent eddy current conductivity of shot-peened nickel-base superalloys can be used to estimate the absolute level and penetration depth of the compressive residual stress layer both before and after partial thermal relaxation. C1 AFRL, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Blodgett, MP (reprint author), AFRL, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0245-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 760 BP 1347 EP 1354 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BCE68 UT WOS:000228893301040 ER EF