FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Grant, GA Jolley, M Ellenbogen, RG Roberts, TS Gruss, JR Loeser, JD AF Grant, GA Jolley, M Ellenbogen, RG Roberts, TS Gruss, JR Loeser, JD TI Failure of autologous bone-assisted cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy in children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE autologous cranioplasty; craniectomy; decompression surgery; pediatric neurosurgery; children ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; SKULL DEFECTS; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; GRAFTS; RELEASE; FROZEN; BIOMATERIALS; AUGMENTATION; OSTEOGENESIS AB Object. The authors have routinely performed primary autologous cranioplasty to repair skull defects after decompressive craniectomy. The high rates of subsequent bone resorption occurring in children prompted this study. Methods. In an institutional review, the authors identified 40 (32 male and eight female) children and adolescents ranging from 4 months to 19 years of age in whom autologous cranioplasty was performed after decompressive craniectomy. The defect surface area ranged from 14 to 147 cm(2). In all cases, the bone was fresh frozen at the time of the decompression. Symptomatic bone resorption subsequently occurred in 20 children (50%) in all of whom reoperation was required. The incidence of bone resorption significantly correlated with an increased skull defect area (p < 0.025). No significant correlation was found with age, sex, or anatomical location of the skull defect, number of fractured bone fragments, presence of a shunt, cause for decompressive craniectomy, method of duraplasty, or interval between the craniectomy and the cranioplasty. Reoperation to repair the resorbed autologous bone was performed 2 to 76 months after the initial procedure. Conclusions. The use of autologous bone to reconstruct skull defects in pediatric patients after decompressive craniectomy is associated with a high incidence of bone resorption. The use of autologous bone should be reevaluated in light of the high rate of reoperation in this pediatric population. C1 Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Grant, GA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 859 MSGS-MCSN,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ggrant@stanfordalumni.org NR 41 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 100 IS 2 SU S BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 770LK UT WOS:000188732100015 PM 14758944 ER PT J AU Akhtar, FZ Garabrant, DH Ketchum, NS Michalek, JE AF Akhtar, FZ Garabrant, DH Ketchum, NS Michalek, JE TI Cancer in US air force veterans of the Vietnam war SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; SERUM DIOXIN; AH RECEPTOR; HEALTH-STATUS; PHENOXY HERBICIDES AB Cancer incidence and mortality were summarized in Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War. The index subjects were Operation Ranch Hand veterans who sprayed 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin)-contaminated herbicides in Vietnam. Comparisons served in Southeast Asia during the same period but did not spray herbicides. We assessed cancer incidence and mortality using national rates and contrasted cancer risk in each of three Ranch Hand dioxin exposure categories relative to comparisons. The incidence of melanoma and prostate cancer was increased among white Ranch Hand veterans relative to national rates. Among veterans who spent at most 2 years in Southeast Asia, the risk of cancer at any site, of prostate cancer and of melanoma was increased in the highest dioxin exposure category. These results appear consistent with an association between cancer and dioxin exposure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDB, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Spec Pro Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDB, 2655 Flight Nurse,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM joet.michalek@brooks.af.mil NR 91 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000111603.84316.0f PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 774BT UT WOS:000188960400005 PM 14767215 ER PT J AU Childs, JD AF Childs, JD TI Case reports: Can we improve? SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 780BB UT WOS:000189350100001 PM 15106663 ER PT J AU Sherer, SE AF Sherer, SE TI Scattering of sound from axisymetric sources by multiple circular cylinders SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; FORMULATION; WAVES AB A general analytic method for calculating the scattering of sound by multiple rigid circular cylinders arranged in an arbitrary parallel configuration is presented. The sound scattered by this collection of cylinders is generated by a time-periodic, spatially distributed, axisymmetric source located within the domain of interest. A Hankel transform method is used to calculate the incident field, while separation of variables is used to obtain the scattered fields from each cylinder in the collection. The unknown scattering coefficients are determined through the use of general addition theorems that allows the various fields to be readily transformed between coordinate systems. The method is validated using various two-, three-, and four-cylinder configurations, and the number of coefficients that must be retained in the truncated series is examined. Benchmark configurations consisting of two- and three-cylinder systems with cylinders of varying radii are also presented. These solutions have been used to validate computational aeroacoustic solvers developed for complex geometries. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sherer, SE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Scott.Sherer@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 115 IS 2 BP 488 EP 496 DI 10.1121/1.1641790 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 773VD UT WOS:000188944100005 PM 15000161 ER PT J AU Fujita, H Jefferson, G McMeeking, RM Zok, FW AF Fujita, H Jefferson, G McMeeking, RM Zok, FW TI Mullite/alumina mixtures for use as porous matrices in oxide fiber composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PACKING AB Weakly bonded particle mixtures of mullite and alumina are assessed as candidate matrixes for use in porous matrix ceramic composites. Conditions for the deflection of a matrix crack at a fiber-matrix interface are used to identify the combinations of modulus and toughness of the fibers and the matrix for which damage-tolerant behavior is expected to occur in the composite. Accordingly, the present study focuses on the modulus and toughness of the particle mixtures, as well as the changes in these properties following aging at elevated temperature comparable to the targeted upper-use temperature for oxide composites. Models based on bonded particle aggregates are presented, assessed, and calibrated. The experimental and modeling results are combined to predict the critical aging times at which damage tolerance is lost because of sintering at the particle junctions and the associated changes in mechanical properties. For an aging temperature of 1200degreesC, the critical time exceeds 10 000 h for the mullite-rich mixtures. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fujita, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00261.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 777DB UT WOS:000189158500014 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF AF Barrier, BF TI A taxonomy of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 24-27, 2004 CL Houston, TX SP Soc Gynecol Investigat C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 SU S MA 148 BP 121A EP 121A PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 802SZ UT WOS:000220184500148 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Kendall, BS Sharpe-Timms, KL AF Barrier, BF Kendall, BS Sharpe-Timms, KL TI HLA-G is expressed by glandular epithelium of peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis, but not in surgically induced incisional endometriosis; Evidence for differential pathogenic mechanisms. SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 24-27, 2004 CL Houston, TX SP Soc Gynecol Investigat C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 SU S MA 217 BP 144A EP 145A PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 802SZ UT WOS:000220184500216 ER PT J AU Berenson, AB Breitkopf, CR Grady, JJ Rickert, VI Thomas, A AF Berenson, AB Breitkopf, CR Grady, JJ Rickert, VI Thomas, A TI Effects of hormonal contraception on bone mineral density after 24 months of use. SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 24-27, 2004 CL Houston, TX SP Soc Gynecol Investigat C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 SU S MA 306 BP 175A EP 175A PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 802SZ UT WOS:000220184500304 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Glanton, CW Trespalacios, FC Oliver, DK Ortiz, MI Agodoa, LY Cruess, DF Kimmel, PL AF Abbott, KC Glanton, CW Trespalacios, FC Oliver, DK Ortiz, MI Agodoa, LY Cruess, DF Kimmel, PL TI Body mass index, dialysis modality, and survival: Analysis of the United States Renal Data System Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Wave II Study SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE obesity; body mass index; peritoneal dialysis; hemodialysis; survival; mortality ID SHORT-TERM SURVIVAL; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS; PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS; DISEASE PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; OBESITY; IMPACT; DEATH AB Background. The impact of obesity on survival in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients as related to dialysis modality (i.e., a direct comparison of hemodialysis with peritoneal dialysis) has not been assessed adjusting for differences in medication use, follow-up 2 years, or accounting for changes in dialysis modality. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Wave II Study (DMMS) patients who started dialysis in 1996, and were followed until October 31 2001. Cox regression analysis was used to model adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for mortality for categories of body mass index (BMI), both as quartiles and as greater than or equal to30 kg/m(2) vs. lower. Because such a large proportion of peritoneal dialysis patients changed to hemodialysis during the study period (45.5%), a sensitivity analysis was performed calculating survival time both censoring and not censoring on the date of change from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. Results. There were 1675 hemodialysis and 1662 peritoneal dialysis patients. Among hemodialysis patients, 5-year survival for patients with BMI greater than or equal to30 kg/m(2) was 39.8% vs. 32.3% for lower BMI (P < 0.01 by log-rank test). Among peritoneal dialysis patients, 5-year survival for patients with BMI 30 kg/m(2) was 38.7% vs. 40.4% for lower BMI (P > 0.05 by log-rank test). In adjusted analysis, BMI greater than or equal to30 kg/m(2) was associated with improved survival in hemodialysis patients (AHR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81, 0.99; P = 0.042) but not peritoneal dialysis patients (AHR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.86, 1.15; P = 0.89). Results were not different on censoring of change from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. Conclusion. We conclude that any survival advantage associated with obesity among chronic dialysis patients is significantly less likely for peritoneal dialysis patients, compared to hemodialysis patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Ft Lewis, WA USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. George Washington Hosp Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 42 TC 159 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 65 IS 2 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00385.x PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 761QM UT WOS:000187919500025 PM 14717930 ER PT J AU Karamian, SA Carroll, JJ Rivlin, LA Zadernovsky, AA Agee, FJ AF Karamian, SA Carroll, JJ Rivlin, LA Zadernovsky, AA Agee, FJ TI Possible ways for triggering the Hf-179m2 isomer SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual International Laser Physics Workshop CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Unites States European Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAYS; NUCLEAR-EXCITATION; GAMMA-EMISSION; LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION; TA-180 AB Realistic approaches to triggering of the Hf-179m2 isomer are discussed. The nuclear level scheme of Hf-179 suggests three promising ways for triggering, but two of them are seemingly closed by the high multipolarities of the required electromagnetic transitions. New possibilities are deduced by utilizing a model of atomic-nuclear compound states to overcome such restrictions. A new and productive method of observing triggering would be based on the use of an electron cyclotron resonance ion trap (ECRIT). Some quantitative details of the behavior of Hf-179m2 and Am-242m atomic-nuclear systems in an ECRIT environment are examined. Many important parameters are as yet unknown, and they can be estimated only after the new type of experiments proposed here, in which high rates of triggering are possible. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. MIREA Tech Univ, Moscow 117454, Russia. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Karamian, SA (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. EM karamian@nrmail.jinr.ru RI Zadernovsky, Anatoly/B-5463-2016 OI Zadernovsky, Anatoly/0000-0002-4017-4836 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1054-660X EI 1555-6611 J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 800GD UT WOS:000220016000008 ER PT J AU Joo, JY Kota, S AF Joo, JY Kota, S TI Topological synthesis of compliant mechanisms using nonlinear beam elements SO MECHANICS BASED DESIGN OF STRUCTURES AND MACHINES LA English DT Article DE compliant mechanism; nonlinear; topology optimization ID OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB The article presents a methodology for generating topology of complaint mechanisms using nonlinear deformation theory. In an earlier work, (Joo, J., Kota, S., Kikuchi, N., (2000) Topological synthesis of compliant mechanisms using linear beam elements. Mechanics of Structures and Machines 28(4):245-280), we presented a topology synthesis methodology using linear beam elements. Using large deformation analysis, the article presents a methodology for topology synthesis based on a multicriteria objective function as a ratio of geometrical advantage to strain energy is employed to capture the conflicting functional requirements that are inherent in compliant mechanisms design. The benefits of using nonlinear methods for large deformation problems are illustrated by using three design examples and comparing results from a nonlinear implementation of the optimization procedure with a linear scheme. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Joo, JY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jinyong.joo@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1539-7734 J9 MECH BASED DES STRUC JI Mech. Based Des. Struct. Mech. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 17 EP 38 DI 10.1081/SME-120026588 PG 22 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 780EK UT WOS:000189359200002 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Semiatin, SL AF Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Semiatin, SL TI 3D Monte Carlo (Potts) modelling of abnormal grain growth in textured materials SO METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII LA English DT Article DE abnormal grain growth; texture; simulation ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SILICON STEEL; 2 DIMENSIONS; PARTICLES; METALS; ALLOYS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; EVOLUTION AB The effect of initial texture on the occurrence of abnormal grain growth in textured polycrystalline material is modelled via 3D Monte Carlo (Potts) approach. Using a large number of simulations, a diagram of texture characteristics, which give rise to the abnormal grain growth, is plotted. The approach is validated via the analysis of texture evolution and abnormal growth of Goss grains in Fe-3Si steel. The development of a strong Gross texture component is found to be a possible explanation of the pronounced abnormal grain growth in this system, even though second-phase particle pinning is absent. C1 NAS Ukraine, GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-03680 Kiev 142, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivasishin, OM (reprint author), NAS Ukraine, GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd, UA-03680 Kiev 142, Ukraine. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES UKRAINE, INST METAL PHYSICS PI KIEV 142 PA 36 ACADEMICIAN VERNADSKY BLVD, KIEV 142 UA-252180, UKRAINE SN 1024-1809 J9 METALLOFIZ NOV TEKH+ JI Metallofiz. Nov. Tekhnol.-Met. Phys. Adv. Techn. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 26 IS 2 BP 269 EP 286 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 814OY UT WOS:000220985200011 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Goetz, RL Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Goetz, RL Semiatin, SL TI Influence of stress state on cavitation during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; TENSION; WORKABILITY; DUCTILITY; PRESSURE; ALLOYS; SHEET AB Notched-tension tests were conducted on Ti-6Al-4V samples with a colony-alpha microstructure to determine the effect of the stress state on cavitation during hot working of alpha/beta titanium alloys. The experiments were complemented by finite-element-method analyses to establish the local stress state, strain, and damage factor for different areas within each sample. A critical damage factor, defined by a modified Cockcroft-and-Latham criterion, was found to be applicable for the prediction of cavity initiation for the different notch geometries. Measured cavity growth rates were also correlated to the stress state (i.e., ratio of mean-to-effective stress, sigma(M)/sigma(e) and compared to predictions of prior models. Model predictions showed reasonable agreement with measurements at low levels of stress triaxiality, but exhibited some deviations at higher values of sigma(M)/sigma(e). The differences were attributed to differences in the properties of the present material and those assumed in deriving the models as well as the neglect of cavity interaction in one of the models. The results were summarized in terms of a processing map, which delineates the initiation of cavities and their size as a function of the stress state and effective strain. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. S&B, Athens 10672, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), S&B, Athens 10672, Greece. EM p.nicolaou@s.andb.gr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 35A IS 2 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0377-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 772KF UT WOS:000188840600027 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Weaver, DS Fagin, PN Glavicic, MG Goetz, RL Frey, ND Kramb, RC Antony, MM AF Semiatin, SL Weaver, DS Fagin, PN Glavicic, MG Goetz, RL Frey, ND Kramb, RC Antony, MM TI Deformation and recrystallization behavior during hot working of a coarse-grain, nickel-base superalloy ingot material SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODELING MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; ALLOY; WASPALOY; FLOW AB The deformation and dynamic recrystallization behavior of Waspaloy-ingot material with coarse, columnar grains was established using isothermal uniaxial and double-cone compression tests. Testing was conducted along different test directions relative to the columnar-grain microstructure at super-solvus temperatures (1066 degreesC and 1177 degreesC) and strain rates (0.005 and 0.1 s(-1)), which bracket typical ingot-breakdown conditions for the material. The flow behavior of axial samples (i.e., those compressed parallel to the columnar-grain direction) showed an initial strain-hardening transient followed by steady-state flow. In contrast, the stress-strain curves of samples upset transverse to the columnar grains exhibited a peak stress at low strains, whose magnitude was greater than the steady-state flow stress of the axial samples, followed by flow softening. The two distinct flow behaviors were explained on the basis of the solidification texture associated with the starting ingot structure, differences in the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization revealed in the double-cone tests, and the evolution of deformation and recrystallization textures during hot working. Dynamic recrystallization kinetics were measurably faster for the transverse samples as well as specimens oriented at similar to45 deg to the forging direction, an effect partially rationalized based on the initial texture and its effect on the input rate of deformation work driving recrystallization. Despite these differences, the overall strains required for dynamic recrystallization were comparable to those measured previously for fine-grain (wrought) Waspaloy. However, the Avrami exponents (similar to2 to 3) were somewhat higher than those for wrought material (similar to1 to 2), an effect attributable to the particle-stimulated nucleation in the ingot material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. ET Concepts Inc, London, OH 43140 USA. Allvac, Monroe, NC 28111 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 21 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 35A IS 2 BP 679 EP 693 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0379-y PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 772KF UT WOS:000188840600029 ER PT J AU Miller, SC AF Miller, SC TI Safety concerns regarding ephedrine-type alkaloid-containing dietary supplements SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MA-HUANG; WEIGHT-LOSS; PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE; MYOCARDITIS; STROKE AB Objectives: The U.S. Air Force has adopted a policy "strongly discourag(ing) the use of... ephedra." However, the literature regarding this topic is limited and widely opinioned. In light of growing public and medical debate over the safety and efficacy of ephedrine-type alkaloid-containing dietary supplements, a review of the literature and assessment of the data were accomplished. Methods: Studies regarding Ma Huang, ephedra, ephedrine-type alkaloids, ephedrine, and dietary supplements were reviewed (from databases Medline, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, Cochrane Clinical Trials Database). Food and Drug Administration and Government Accounting Office documents (including reports and interagency communications) were reviewed. Results: Significant manufacturing quality control issues exist. Few studies support their efficacy or safety. Weight loss and athletic performance appear to be only modestly improved, for short durations, in the setting of large numbers of (some serious) adverse event reports. Studies examining over-the-counter use are minimal. Conclusions: The current U.S. Air Force policy strongly discouraging the use of ephedrine-type alkaloid-containing dietary supplements appears to be supported. C1 Wright State Univ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, SC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, 74MDOS SGOHE,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 169 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IQ UT WOS:000235829200005 PM 15040625 ER PT J AU Stetto, JE Gackstetter, GD Cruess, DF Hooper, TI AF Stetto, JE Gackstetter, GD Cruess, DF Hooper, TI TI Variables associated with attrition from Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Medical School SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY-STUDENTS; EDUCATIONAL-PROGRAMS; ADMISSION PROCESS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTORS; SELECTION; INTERVIEW; ENTRY; RATES AB Attrition among medical students is a concern for the institution, the individual, and the profession. Disenrollment has an impact on the institution, in terms of academic reputation and resources expended, and the individual, in terms of self-esteem, personal finances, and opportunity costs. This study summarizes the results of an epidemiologic study of student attrition conducted at the only federal medical school in the United States-the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland-and describes the association between demographic and selected quantitative variables for those students who graduated or remained enrolled and those who disenrolled. Both sex (female) and a decelerated curriculum were predictive of attrition in this medical student population. The records of the students who left Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences without graduating were examined to ascertain the presence of noncognitive issues surrounding disenrollment; over one-half of the students who disenrolled left voluntarily and for nonacademic reasons. C1 USAF Europe, Office Command Surg, HQ USAFE SGOO, Unit 3050 Box 130, APO, AE 09094 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Stetto, JE (reprint author), Primary Care Flight CC, 3MOOS SGOC, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 169 IS 2 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IQ UT WOS:000235829200008 PM 15040628 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Spain, JC Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Luckarift, HR Spain, JC Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Enzyme immobilization in a biomimetic silica support SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOSILICA; POLYMERS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BIOENCAPSULATION; BIOLOGICALS; COATINGS; SILOXANE AB Robust immobilization techniques that preserve the activity of biomolecules have many potential applications(1-8). Silicates, primarily in the form of sol-gel composites or functionalized mesoporous silica, have been used to encapsulate a wide variety of biomolecules(1,4-8) but the harsh conditions required for chemical synthesis limit their applicability(1,8). Silaffin polypeptides from diatoms catalyze the formation of silica in vitro at neutral pH and ambient temperature and pressure(9). Here we show that butyrylcholinesterase entrapped during the precipitation of silica nanospheres retained all of its activity. Ninety percent of the soluble enzyme was immobilized, and the immobilized enzyme was substantially more stable than the free enzyme. The mechanical properties of silica nanospheres facilitated application in a flow-through reactor. The use of biosilica for enzyme immobilization combines the excellent support properties of a silica matrix with a benign immobilization method that retains enzyme activity. C1 USAF, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Airbase Technol Div, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jim.spain@tyndall.af.mil NR 18 TC 355 Z9 366 U1 15 U2 138 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1038/nbt931 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 770KT UT WOS:000188730500021 PM 14716316 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Price, G Pearce, NA Alexander, M Vaia, RA AF Koerner, H Price, G Pearce, NA Alexander, M Vaia, RA TI Remotely actuated polymer nanocomposites - stress-recovery of carbon-nanotube-filled thermoplastic elastomers SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMER; PART I; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION; PREDICTIONS; MATRIX AB Stimuli-responsive (active) materials undergo large-scale shape or property changes in response to an external stimulus such as stress, temperature, light or pH(1,2). Technological uses range from durable, shape-recovery eye-glass frames, to temperature-sensitive switches, to the generation of stress to induce mechanical motion(3-9). Here, we demonstrate that the uniform dispersion of 1-5 vol.% of carbon nanotubes in a thermoplastic elastomer yields nanocomposites that can store and subsequently release, through remote means, up to 50% more recovery stress than the pristine resin. The anisotropic nanotubes increase the rubbery modulus by a factor of 2 to 5 (for 1-5 vol.%) and improve shape fixity by enhancing strain-induced crystallization. Non-radiative decay of infrared photons absorbed by the nanotubes raises the internal temperature, melting strain-induced polymer crystallites (which act as physical crosslinks that secure the deformed shape) and remotely trigger the release of the stored strain energy. Comparable effects occur for electrically induced actuation associated with Joule heating of the matrix when a current is passed through the conductive percolative network of the nanotubes within the resin. This unique combination of properties, directly arising from the nanocomposite morphology, demonstrates new opportunities for the design and fabrication of stimuli-responsive polymers, which are otherwise not available in one material system. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Mat Div, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 554 Z9 562 U1 29 U2 335 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1038/nmat1059 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 769UM UT WOS:000188668200020 PM 14743213 ER PT J AU Maes, CF Wright, EM AF Maes, CF Wright, EM TI Mode properties of an external-cavity laser with Gaussian gain SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCESS SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; HERMITIAN OPTICAL-SYSTEMS; FOCUSED-GAIN; PROPAGATION; NOISE; MEDIA AB We analyze the mode properties of a laser with a Gaussian gain profile by using the beam propagation method. The resonance properties of the Petermann K factor and the M-2 beam quality are shown to be related in the vicinity of degenerate cavity geometries. K is unity for a confocal cavity, even under conditions with strong gain guiding, while M-2 is a maximum. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Maes, CF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM carl.maes@usafa.af.mil RI Wright, Ewan/A-2358-2009; Maes, Carl/A-4910-2013 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 229 EP 231 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000229 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 765RZ UT WOS:000188298400001 PM 14759034 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA TI High-field transport of electrons and radiative effects using coupled force-balance and Fokker-Planck equations beyond the relaxation-time approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN; SEMICONDUCTORS; SYSTEM; SOLIDS AB The dynamics of a many-electron system under both dc and infrared fields is separated into a center-of-mass and a relative motion. The first-order force-balance equation is employed for the slow center-of-mass motion of electrons, and the Fokker-Planck equation is used for the ultrafast relative scattering motion of degenerate electrons. This approach allows us to include the anisotropic energy-relaxation process which has been neglected in the energy-balance equation in the past. It also leads us to include the anisotropic coupling to the incident infrared field with different polarizations. Based on this model, the transport of electrons is explored under strong dc and infrared fields by going beyond the relaxation-time approximation. The anisotropic dependence of the electron distribution function on the parallel and perpendicular kinetic energies of electrons is displayed with respect to the dc field direction, and the effect of anisotropic coupling to an incident infrared field with polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the applied dc electric field is shown. The heating of electrons is more accurately described beyond the energy-balance equation with the inclusion of an anisotropic coupling to the infrared field. The drift velocity of electrons is found to increase with the amplitude of the infrared field due to a suppressed momentum-relaxation process (or frictional force) under parallel polarization but decreases with the amplitude due to an enhanced momentum-relaxation process under perpendicular polarization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 075214 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075214 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300058 ER PT J AU Mysovsky, AS Sushko, PV Mukhopadhyay, S Edwards, AH Shluger, AL AF Mysovsky, AS Sushko, PV Mukhopadhyay, S Edwards, AH Shluger, AL TI Calibration of embedded-cluster method for defect studies in amorphous silica SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ALPHA-QUARTZ; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CRYSTALLINE SIO2; OXYGEN VACANCIES; IRRADIATED QUARTZ; TRAPPED ELECTRONS; POINT-DEFECTS; E1 CENTER AB We performed validation and calibration of the embedded-cluster method in order to study its applicability to modeling defects in amorphous silica, where defect models are not well established. As test systems we used well-studied E-4(') and E-1(') centers in alpha-quartz and compared our results with the experimental data and the results of periodic density-functional-theory calculations. Our method can reproduce the essential physics of both centers in good agreement with experiment. The relative energies of different configurations obtained in our calculations are consistent for the two centers and are in qualitative agreement with experiment. The calculated hyperfine parameters agree with the experimental values within 20%. The defect-induced relaxation propagates for more than 10 Angstrom at the puckered side of the E-1(') center. We discuss factors which determine the accuracy of calculations of relative defect energies in crystalline and amorphous silica. C1 UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sushko, PV (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM p.sushko@ucl.ac.uk; a.shluger@ucl.ac.uk RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 46 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085202 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100039 ER PT J AU Fritz, JM Whitman, JM Flynn, TW Wainner, RS Childs, JD AF Fritz, JM Whitman, JM Flynn, TW Wainner, RS Childs, JD TI Factors related to the inability of individuals with low back pain to improve with a spinal manipulation SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; low back pain; spinal manipulation ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES; FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; SACROILIAC JOINT; INTEREXAMINER RELIABILITY; CENTRALIZATION PHENOMENON; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; PROVOCATION TESTS; CERVICAL-SPINE AB Background and Purpose. Although spinal manipulation Is one of the few interventions for low back pain supported by evidence, it appears to be underutilized by physical therapists, possibly due to therapists' concerns that a patient may not benefit from the intervention. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that are associated with an inability to benefit from manipulation. Subjects. Seventy-five people with nonradicular low back pain (mean age=37.6 years, SD=10.6, range=19-59; mean duration of symptoms=41.7 days, SD=54.7, range=1-252) participated. Methods. Subjects underwent a standardized examination that included history-taking; self-reports of pain, disability, and fear-avoidance beliefs; measurement of lumbar and hip range of motion; and use of various tests. All subjects received a spinal manipulation intervention for a maximum of 2 sessions. Subjects who did not show greater than 5 points of improvement on the modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire were considered to have shown no improvement with the manipulation. Baseline variables were tested for univariate relationship with the outcome of the manipulation. Variables showing a univariate relationship were entered into a logistic regression equation, and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Results. Twenty subjects (28%) did not improve with manipulation. Six variables were identified as being related to inability to improve with manipulation: longer symptom duration, having symptoms in the buttock or leg, absence of lumbar hypomobility, less hip rotation range of motion, less discrepancy in left-to-right hip medial rotation range of motion, and a negative Gaenslen sign. The resulting logistic regression model explained 63% of the variance in manipulation outcome. Discussion and Conclusion. The majority of subjects improved with manipulation. Baseline variables could be identified that were predictive of which subjects would not improve. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Phys Therapy Element, Albuquerque, NM USA. Regis Univ, Dept Phys Theapy, Denver, CO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fritz, JM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, 6035 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jfritz@pitt.edu NR 86 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 173 EP 190 PG 18 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 805XX UT WOS:000220400100006 PM 14744207 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL AF Ruden, EL TI The polarity dependent effect of gyroviscosity on the flow shear stabilized Rayleigh-Taylor instability and an application to the plasma focus SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FINITE LARMOR RADIUS; MITIGATION; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS; PINCH AB The linear dispersion relation is derived for modes of an isothermal finite Larmor radius incompressible plasma with an equilibrium density and horizontal fluid velocity varying with depth in a uniform gravitational field. The velocity and magnetic field are assumed parallel and transverse to the wave number, respectively. Stability criteria are derived and unstable growth rate diagrams plotted for the combined Rayleigh-Taylor/Kelvin-Helmholtz modes for two and three region piecewise uniform cases representing an accelerated plasma layer with sheared flow. The effect of gyroviscosity on wave numbers larger than a critical value is shown to differ if the direction of the magnetic field is reversed, all else being equal, being either stabilizing or destabilizing depending on direction. This implies an electrode polarity dependence for a magnetically accelerated plasma with sheared flow consistent with the observation that plasma foci generally have superior performance if the center conductor is the anode. Characteristic properties of the shocked plasma layer of a plasma focus during the accretion phase are inferred for use with the model. Given a plasma focus with a central anode, a maximum B(0)t product is derived for high wave number stability for a given current waveform, where B-0 is the driving magnetic field magnitude and t is the current risetime. When combined with a recognized empirical scaling law for neutron yield optimized D-2 plasma foci, a maximum current for high wave number stability is implied independent of t. For a linearly rising current, for example, this is 2 MA. Strategies for mitigating the constraints are discussed, such as applying an exponentially increasing current waveform. This and other parametric relationships of the model may lead to designs with higher performance than would otherwise be possible for plasma foci and other devices such as flow shear stabilized Z-pinches. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.1063/1.1637608 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 765KQ UT WOS:000188282100027 ER PT J AU Lucia, DJ Beran, PS Silva, WA AF Lucia, DJ Beran, PS Silva, WA TI Reduced-order modeling: new approaches for computational physics SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE reduced-order modeling; proper orthogonal decomposition; Galerkin projection; Volterra series; harmonic balance ID PROPER-ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; AEROELASTIC RESPONSE; BURGERS-EQUATION; AIRFOIL FLUTTER; MOVING SHOCKS; VISCOUS FLOWS; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we review the development of new reduced-order modeling techniques and discuss their applicability to various problems in computational physics. Emphasis is given to methods based on Volterra series representations, the proper orthogonal decomposition, and harmonic balance. Results are reported for different nonlinear systems to provide clear examples of the construction and use of reduced-order models (ROMs), particularly in the multi-disciplinary field of computational aeroelasticity. Unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic behaviors of two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries are described. Large increases in computational efficiency are obtained through the use of ROMs, thereby justifying the initial computational expense of constructing these models and motivating their use for multi-disciplinary design analysis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFRL, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lucia, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2130 8th St,Suite 1,Bldg 45, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.lucia@wpafb.af.mil; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil NR 171 TC 188 Z9 212 U1 8 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2003.12.001 PG 67 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 803YZ UT WOS:000220267700002 ER PT J AU Murphy, RO Rapoport, A Parco, JE AF Murphy, RO Rapoport, A Parco, JE TI Population learning of cooperative behavior in a three-person centipede game SO RATIONALITY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE centipede game; cooperation; population dynamics; trust ID BACKWARD INDUCTION; PERFECT-INFORMATION; PUBLIC-GOODS; FORM; RECIPROCITY; EQUILIBRIUM; RATIONALITY; TRUST AB We consider mixed populations (N = 21) of genuine (humans) and artificial (robots) agents repeatedly interacting in small groups whose composition is changed randomly front round to round. Our purpose is to study the spread of cooperative or non-cooperative behavior over time in populations playing a 3-person centipede game by manipulating the behavior of the robots (cooperative vs. noncooperative) and their proportion in the population. Our results convey a positive message: adding a handful of cooperative robots increases the propensity Of the genuine Subjects to cooperate over time, whereas adding a handful of non-cooperative agents does not decrease this propensity. If there are enough hard-core cooperative subjects in the population, they not only negate the behavior of the non-cooperative robots but also induce Other Subjects to behave more cooperatively. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Management & Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Murphy, RO (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Management & Policy, 405 McClelland Hall, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rmurphy@eller.arizona.edu; amnon@u.arizona.edu; james.parco@usafa.af.mil RI Parco, James/I-4836-2012 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1043-4631 J9 RATION SOC JI Ration. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 91 EP 120 DI 10.1177/1043463104039876 PG 30 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 828XG UT WOS:000222006400003 ER PT J AU Khan, A Nelson, N Griffin, JA Smith, DJ Steiner, T Mohammad, SN AF Khan, A Nelson, N Griffin, JA Smith, DJ Steiner, T Mohammad, SN TI Nitrogen activated bowing parameter of GaAs1-xNx (x <= 1%) obtained from photoreflectance spectra SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BAND-GAP ENERGY; GAASN ALLOYS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GROWN GANAS; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB Photoreflectance studies were made for a series of GaAs1-xNx samples with x less than or equal to 0.01. The photoreflectance studies reveal that the composition dependent bowing parameter of the band gap obtained from the photoreflectance measurements are consistent with those from other optical measurements and also from the first principle supercell calculation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lewis Downing Hall,Room 1124 2300 6th St,NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00298-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 754YN UT WOS:000187361200013 ER PT J AU Luo, B Mehandru, R Kang, BS Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Gotthold, D Birkhahn, R Peres, B Fitch, R Gillespie, JK Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A AF Luo, B Mehandru, R Kang, BS Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Gotthold, D Birkhahn, R Peres, B Fitch, R Gillespie, JK Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A TI Small signal measurement of SC2O3AlGaN/GaN moshemts SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT-TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; UNDOPED ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; GAN METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR; LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; SURFACE PASSIVATION; GATE DIELECTRICS; OXIDE; POWER; TEMPERATURE AB The rf performance of 1 x 200 mum(2) AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with Sc2O3 used as both the gate dielectric and as a surface passivation layer is reported. A maximum f(T) of similar to11 GHz and f(MAX) of 19 GHz were obtained. The equivalent device parameters were extracted by fitting this data to obtain the transconductance, drain resistance, drain-source resistance, transfer time and gate-drain and gate-source capacitance as a function of gate voltage. The transfer time is in the order 0.5-1 ps and decreases with increasing gate voltage. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EMCORE, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Gotthold, David/D-1086-2011; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI Gotthold, David/0000-0002-3990-6614; NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00322-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 754YN UT WOS:000187361200023 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: The best and worst parts of your job SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB The strength and conditioning profession is a very demanding career, but it is highly rewarding when one considers its positive experiences. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 776PN UT WOS:000189125300015 ER PT J AU Kharoufeh, JP Gautam, N AF Kharoufeh, JP Gautam, N TI Deriving link travel-time distributions via stochastic speed processes SO TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE highway link; travel time; stochastic processes; Markov chain ID NUMERICAL INVERSION; LAPLACE TRANSFORMS; TRAFFIC FLOW; NETWORKS; PATHS AB We derive an analytical expression for the cumulative distribution function of travel time for a vehicle traversing a freeway link of arbitrary length. The vehicle's speed is assumed to be modulated by a random environment that can be modeled as a stochastic process. We first present a partial differential equation (PDE) describing the travel time distribution and obtain a solution in terms of Laplace transforms. Next, we present a numerical inversion algorithm to invert the transforms. The technique is demonstrated on two example problems. Numerical results indicate great promise for this approach to the link travel-time problem. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT,ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Penn State Univ, Harold & Inge Marcus Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kharoufeh, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT,ENS, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.kharoufeh@afit.edu; ngautam@psu.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0041-1655 J9 TRANSPORT SCI JI Transp. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1287/trsc.1030.0048 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 776KR UT WOS:000189115600007 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, VA Tsou, BH TI What do catastrophic visual binding failures look like? SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID STABILIZED RETINAL IMAGES; NEURAL OSCILLATORS; PATTERN PERCEPTION; HUMAN EEG; ATTENTION; INFORMATION; CONTRAST; COLOR; DISAPPEARANCE; INTEGRATION AB Ordinary vision is considered a binding success: all the pieces and aspects of an image are bound together, despite being processed by many different neurons in several different cortical areas. How this is accomplished is a key problem in visual neuroscience. The study of visual binding might be facilitated if we had ways to induce binding failures. A particularly interesting failure would involve a loss of the physical integrity of the image. Here, we identify conditions that induce such perceptual failures (e.g. the melting together of equiluminant colored images and the fragmentation of retinally stabilized images) and we suggest that these should studied using electrophysiological measures of binding. C1 Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Suite 200,5200 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM vince.billock@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0166-2236 J9 TRENDS NEUROSCI JI Trends Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.tins.2003.12.003 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 775XR UT WOS:000189086400008 PM 15102487 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Patton, S Zabinski, JS AF Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Patton, S Zabinski, JS TI Pulsed laser deposition and properties of M(n-1)AX(n) phase formulated Ti3SiC2 thin films SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ti3SiC2; MAX phase; thin film; pulsed laser deposition; friction; hardness; tribology ID ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; ULTRA-LOW FRICTION; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CARBIDE; SYSTEM; MECHANISMS; COMPOSITE AB The ternary phase ceramic, Ti3SiC2; has often been synthesized through reactive hot pressing, providing bulk samples for studying its mechanical and physical properties. Chemical vapor deposition has been the most popular route to make Ti3SiC2 films. Recently, magnetron sputtering (MS) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) have been used to produce good quality films. In this paper, we present the results on the synthesis and tribological characterization of Ti3SiC2 thin films prepared by PLD. The films had a surface roughness of 0.46 nm, a friction coefficient of 0.2 in humid air, and hardness of between 30 and 40 GPa. The transfer films were identified on the surface of counterparts using scanning electron microscopy. Anisotropic layer structure of Ti3SiC2 and nano crystallites in the coatings observed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are related to the low friction and high hardness. A specially designed sample coated with half Ti3SiC2 and half TiC was fabricated for comparing the properties between the two materials using a lateral force microscope. Lateral force images of the coatings indicated that the lateral force against Ti3SiC2 was lower than against TiC. PLD Ti3SiC2 coatings may be produced at near room temperature to 300 degreesC, which is acceptable for many commercial applications. C1 UES Inc, USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, USAF,Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), UES Inc, USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000009721.87012.45 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 756ZU UT WOS:000187516300014 ER PT J AU Trivedi, HK Givan, GD Saba, CS AF Trivedi, HK Givan, GD Saba, CS TI Boundary lubrication RCF performance of 4 cSt gas turbine engine oils at 204 degrees C SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE boundary lubrication; rolling contact fatigue; wear AB The rolling contact fatigue ( RCF) and wear performance of three qualified formulations of MIL-L-7808K ( 4 cSt at 100 degreesC) were evaluated using AISI VIM- VAR M50 steel. The RCF tester differentiated the fatigue life and wear performance of gas turbine engine lubricants in boundary lubrication regime. Tests were conducted using a ball-on-rod type RCF tester at a maximum Hertzian stress of 4.8 GPa and temperature of 204 degreesC. Although all the three lubricants meet the military specification, the RCF results suggest that life and wear in the boundary lubrication regime are significantly affected by the formulation. Changes in physical and chemical properties of post test lubricants such as viscosity, acid number and additive concentration were minimal. However, the lowest Fe concentration and COBRA reading, which is a measure of the electrical property of the lubricant, correlated with the highest RCF life and lowest wear. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Trivedi, HK (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000009722.66339.5e PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 756ZU UT WOS:000187516300015 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Goltz, MN AF Christ, JA Goltz, MN TI Containment of groundwater contamination plumes: minimizing drawdown by aligning capture wells parallel to regional flow SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical solution; capture zone; groundwater containment and remediation; complex potential theory ID MODEL DEVELOPMENT; DESIGN; REMEDIATION; ZONE; LOCATION; SYSTEMS AB Pump-and-treat systems that are installed to contain contaminated groundwater migration typically involve placement of extraction wells perpendicular to the regional groundwater flow direction at the down gradient edge of a contaminant plume. These wells capture contaminated water for above ground treatment and disposal, thereby preventing further migration of contaminated water down gradient. In this work, examining two-, three-, and four-well systems, we compare well configurations that are parallel and perpendicular to the regional groundwater flow direction. We show that orienting extraction wells co-linearly, parallel to regional flow, results in (1) a larger area of aquifer influenced by the wells at a given total well flow rate, (2) a center and ultimate capture zone width equal to the perpendicular configuration, and (3) more flexibility with regard to minimizing drawdown. Although not suited for some scenarios, we found orienting extraction wells parallel to regional flow along a plume centerline, when compared to a perpendicular configuration, reduces drawdown by up to 7% and minimizes the fraction of uncontaminated water captured. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2350 Hayward,2340 GG Brown Bldg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christj@umich.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 286 IS 1-4 BP 52 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.012 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 773FM UT WOS:000188887100004 ER PT J AU Khramov, AN Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Donley, MS AF Khramov, AN Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Donley, MS TI Hybrid organo-ceramic corrosion protection coatings with encapsulated organic corrosion inhibitors SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE coating; corrosion; inhibitor; cyclodextrin; sol-gel AB To improve corrosion protection properties of sol-gel derived hybrid coatings; two organic corrosion inhibitors (mercaptobenzothiazole and mercaptobenzimidazole) have been encapsulated within the coating matrix in either the presence or absence of beta-cyclodextrin. Corrosion protection performance of the developed coatings on AA 2024-T3 has been examined by potentiodynamic scan method and scanning vibrating electrode technique. Superior corrosion protection properties have been found for formulations that contain beta-cyclodextrin and can be explained by the act of slow release of the inhibitor from the cyclodextrin/inhibitor inclusion complexes and by the self-healing of corrosion defects. The effectiveness of the approach for long-term protection of the high strength aluminum alloys against atmospheric corrosion is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Coatings Res Grp, Nanmetall Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khramov, AN (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM alex.khramov@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 10 TC 119 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 447 BP 549 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.07.016 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 774QY UT WOS:000188995700095 ER PT J AU Balbyshev, VN King, DJ Khramov, A Kasten, LS Donley, MS AF Balbyshev, VN King, DJ Khramov, A Kasten, LS Donley, MS TI Investigation of quaternary Al-based quasicrystal thin films for corrosion protection SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE quasicrystal film; corrosion protection; Al alloy AB Recent work has shown that thin film quasicrystal coatings have unique properties such as very high electrical and thermal resistivities and very low surface energy. Aluminum-based quasicrystals are insulator alloys composed of approximately 70% of aluminum. The corrosion related properties of aluminum-based quasicrystal thin film coatings have been studied on quasicrystal-coated AA-2024 substrates. The thin film deposition parameters are discussed. Results of microstructural and surface chemistry analyses of the quasicrystal films are presented. The corrosion protection properties of the films have been studied by potentiodynamic scan and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of the electrochemical data indicates that nanostructured quasicrystal films significantly resist corrosion of AA2024-T3 substrates in constant immersion environment. Morphology studies and electrochemical analysis of quasicrystal films have shown that quaternary Al-based quasicrystal thin films possess unique corrosion control properties. Superior resistance to electrolyte attack makes these coatings strong candidates for corrosion-resistant surface treatment of Al alloys. These films can be utilized as conversion coatings for Al substrates or incorporated into a full coating system containing an organic primer and a topcoat. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Technol Assessment & Transfer, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Balbyshev, VN (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM seva.balbyshev@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 447 BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.07.026 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 774QY UT WOS:000188995700096 ER PT J AU Dixon, DA Feller, D Christe, KO Wilson, WW Vij, A Vij, V Jenkins, HDB Olson, RM Gordon, MS AF Dixon, DA Feller, D Christe, KO Wilson, WW Vij, A Vij, V Jenkins, HDB Olson, RM Gordon, MS TI Enthalpies of formation of gas-phase N-3, N-3(-), N-5(+), and N-5(-) from ab initio molecular orbital theory, stability predictions for N5+N3- and N5+N5-, and experimental evidence for the instability of N5+N3- SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGY; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; REACTION FIELD-THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; AZIDE ANION; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; NEGATIVE-IONS; HEATS AB Ab initio molecular orbital theory has been used to calculate accurate enthalpies of formation and adiabatic electron affinities or ionization potentials for N-3, N-3(-), N-5(+), and N-5(-) from total atomization energies. The calculated heats of formation of the gas-phase molecules/ions at 0 K are DeltaH(f)(N-3((2)Pi)) = 109.2, DeltaH(f)(N-3(-)((1)Sigma(+))) = 47.4, DeltaH(f)(N-5(-)((1)A(1)')) = 62.3, and DeltaH(f)(N-5(+)((1)A(1))) = 353.3 kcal/mol with an estimated error bar of +/-1 kcal/mol. For comparison purposes, the error in the calculated bond energy for N-2 is 0.72 kcal/mol. Born-Haber cycle calculations, using estimated lattice energies and the adiabatic ionization potentials of the anions and electron affinities of the cations, enable reliable stability predictions for the hypothetical N5+N3- and N5+N5- salts. The calculations show that neither salt can be stabilized and that both should decompose spontaneously into N-3 radicals and N-2. This conclusion was experimentally confirmed for the N5+N3- salt by low-temperature metathetical reactions between N5SbF6 and alkali metal azides in different solvents, resulting in violent reactions with spontaneous nitrogen evolution. It is emphasized that one needs to use adiabatic ionization potentials and electron affinities instead of vertical potentials and affinities for salt stability predictions when the formed radicals are not vibrationally stable. This is the case for the N-5 radicals where the energy difference between vertical and adiabatic potentials amounts to about 100 kcal/mol per N-5. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundemental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Chem, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dixon, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.dixon@pnl.gov; kchriste@usc.edu RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 68 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3 BP 834 EP 843 DI 10.1021/ja0303182 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 765YH UT WOS:000188318300033 PM 14733558 ER PT J AU Ganguly, S Jovancevic, A Brown, A Kirchner, M Zigic, S Beach, T Groves, KM AF Ganguly, S Jovancevic, A Brown, A Kirchner, M Zigic, S Beach, T Groves, KM TI Ionospheric scintillation monitoring and mitigation using a software GPS receiver SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE instrument; ionospheric propagation; signal processing AB [1] Scintillations are caused by ionospheric irregularities and affect the amplitude, phase, dispersion, and related parameters of GPS signals. Both L-1 and L-2 are affected in a somewhat uncorrelated fashion. Adequate understanding of the effects that ionospheric scintillation has on GPS signals is essential in order to produce a GPS receiver that is immune to the degradation of signal caused by these scintillation-related effects. Access to the internal workings of commercial GPS receivers is not provided to users. However, in order to understand, control, and mitigate scintillation effects, it is necessary to have access to tracking loops and associated components such as local oscillator. The software GPS receiver developed by the Center for Remote Sensing, Inc. allows the user to access its internal workings; hence facilitating advanced development of GPS receivers under different conditions. In this paper we present the results of analysis of GPS signals under scintillating conditions. Raw signals under conditions of ionospheric scintillation at Ascension Island have been processed using our software GPS receiver in order to derive the scintillation parameters. The receiver has been configured to provide stable operation during scintillation. We describe the receiver architecture, particularly the portion involving the tracking filters and related components, and demonstrate their performances under scintillating conditions. The software-based approach used by us allows receiver implementations which are suitable for ionospheric monitoring as well as for reliable operation during scintillating conditions. The improved architecture may be used for several other applications. C1 Ctr Remote Sensing Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ganguly, S (reprint author), Ctr Remote Sensing Inc, 11350 Random Hills Rd, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM remote703@aol.com; theodore.beach@hanscom.af.mil; groves@plh.af.mil NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S21 DI 10.1029/2002RS002812 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 772YR UT WOS:000188871000001 ER PT J AU Simmons, JP Wen, YH Shen, C Wang, YZ AF Simmons, JP Wen, YH Shen, C Wang, YZ TI Microstructural development involving nucleation and growth phenomena simulated with the Phase Field method SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON DE phase field; simulation; superalloy; non-isothermal transformation; nucleation; bimodal particle size distribution ID NI-AL; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRAIN-GROWTH; PRECIPITATION; SUPERALLOY; EVOLUTION; KINETICS; ENERGY AB A Phase Field model is developed for non-isothermal heat treatment conditions. Nucleation and growth occur on different time scales, to sample frequently enough to observe nucleation would require an impractically large number of integration cycles to be performed in order to observe growth kinetics in real alloys. For this reason, the Langevin noise terms in the Phase Field equations were replaced with a Poisson seeding algorithm, in which viable nuclei were introduced in the microstructure at a rate matched by the observed nucleation rate. The interparticle spacing for isothermal simulations was observed to be rootDt, in agreement with hypothesis that nucleation stalls in isothermal simulations because of soft impingement. Kinetics were observed to give the correct Avrami exponent in the constant nucleation rate extreme, but deviated from the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory with nucleation rates that varied with time. This was explained as being due to soft impingement, where JMAK theory is known to break down. Results of continuous cooling simulations showed a window of quench rates that would form bimodal particle size distributions, in agreement with recent experimental studies in superalloys. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Simmons, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, 1864 4th St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeff.simmons@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 44 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 25 PY 2004 VL 365 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.019 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 762KZ UT WOS:000187972000020 ER PT J AU Retter, A Bedding, TR Buzasi, DL Kjeldsen, H Kiss, LL AF Retter, A Bedding, TR Buzasi, DL Kjeldsen, H Kiss, LL TI A tight upper limit on oscillations in the Ap star epsilon Ursae Majoris from WIRE photometry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (epsilon Ursae Majoris); stars : oscillations ID ROAP STARS; HIGH-PRECISION; GAMMA-EQUULEI; ATMOSPHERES; ELEMENTS; SEARCH AB Observations of epsilon UMa obtained with the star tracker on the Wide Field Infrared Explorer satellite during a month in mid-2000 are analyzed. This is some of the most precise photometry of an Ap star. The amplitude spectrum is used to set an upper limit of 75 parts per million for the amplitude of stellar pulsations in this star unless by coincidence it oscillates with a single mode at the satellite orbit, its harmonics, or their 1 day(-1) aliases. This is the tightest limit put on the amplitude of oscillations in an Ap star. As the rotation period of epsilon UMa is relatively short (5.1 days), it cannot be argued that the observations were made at a wrong rotational phase. Our results thus support the idea that some Ap stars do not pulsate at all. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Aarhus Univ, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Retter, A (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM retter@physics.usyd.edu.au; bedding@physics.usyd.edu.au; derek.buzasi@usafa.af.mil; hans@ifa.au.dk; laszlo@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Kiss, Laszlo/A-2539-2008 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 601 IS 1 BP L95 EP L98 DI 10.1086/381889 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NZ UT WOS:000188657800025 ER PT J AU Maple, RC King, PI Orkwis, PD Wolff, JM AF Maple, RC King, PI Orkwis, PD Wolff, JM TI Adaptive harmonic balance method for nonlinear time-periodic flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EULER AB An adaptive harmonic balance approach is developed and applied to a supersonic/subsonic diverging nozzle subject to unsteady periodic outflow conditions. The adaptive method minimizes the computational work required to obtain the harmonic balance solution by augmenting the frequency content in each cell as required to capture the local flow physics. Augmentation automatically adjusts with grid density, resulting in lower frequency content on coarse grids. The new adaptive harmonic balance method produces solutions equivalent to a non-adapted harmonic balance solutions, but with up to an 86% reduction in computational effort. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Maple, RC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, 2950 P Str Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.maple@afit.edu; paul.king@afit.edu; paul.orkwis@uc.edu; mitch.wolff@wright.edu NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 2 BP 620 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.013 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 765CM UT WOS:000188249600009 ER PT J AU Smith, Z Murtagh, W Smithtro, C AF Smith, Z Murtagh, W Smithtro, C TI Relationship between solar wind low-energy energetic ion enhancements and large geomagnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar wind energetic ions; geomagnetic storms; predictions; space weather; interplanetary shocks ID EJECTION-DRIVEN SHOCKS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; STREAM INTERFACES; ORIGIN; HELIOSPHERE; EFFICIENCY; EVENTS AB [1] It is well established that energetic ion enhancements ( an energetic ion enhancement will hereafter be referred to as an EIE) are partly due to acceleration by interplanetary shocks as the shocks propagate towards Earth and that arrivals of these shocks at Earth are well associated with geomagnetic storms. The observation of EIEs at satellites located at L1 is a potential tool for predicting the arrival of interplanetary shocks hours before they arrive at L1. Following an earlier study using WIND satellite data [ Smith and Zwickl, 1999], we evaluate the potential of EIEs for forecasting geomagnetic storms during the period of February 1998 through December 2000. Since there are many more EIEs than large geomagnetic storms, additional associations that might improve the identification of precursors of large storms were investigated. These included probable solar sources, accompanying interplanetary shocks, and the shocks' interplanetary drivers. Solar images and data from the Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE) and WIND satellites were used. The Potsdam Kp was used to specify geomagnetic storm severity. Almost all large geomagnetic storms ( Kp greater than or equal to 7) in this time period were preceded by EIEs that were associated with shocks driven by transient interplanetary disturbances. The converse is not true. Although most transient-associated EIEs were followed by some geomagnetic activity, there is a large span in the response. Most (95%) of EIEs with maximum flux greater than or equal to 1.10(5) pfu were followed by activity with Kp > 4 and 80% by storms with Kp greater than or equal to 5. For a threshold of 3.10(5) pfu, 67% of the large storms would be identified, 89% of the EIEs were followed by storms with Kp greater than or equal to 5, and 53% by large storms ( Kp greater than or equal to 7). Using the additional information on the interplanetary drivers results in an increase in the correctly predicted events from 53% to 61%. For a threshold of 1.10(6) pfu, all (100%) EIEs were followed by storms with Kp greater than or equal to 5, 76% of the events were correctly predicted but 16 of the 30 large storms were missed. Most of the EIEs were followed by significant periods of southward Bz and in close to 70% of the EIEs, the Bz following the EIE was first northward before turning southward. We also investigated the relationship of the EIEs to halo or partial-halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and found that EIE events associated with halo CMEs are more likely to be followed by a large geomagnetic storm, but a lack of halo or partial-halo CME association does not preclude the occurrence of a large geomagnetic storm. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM zdenka.smith@noaa.gov; william.murtagh@noaa.gov; smithtro@cc.usu.edu RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A1 AR A01110 DI 10.1029/2003JA010044 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769WV UT WOS:000188673500005 ER PT J AU Plummer, MA Kim, M Way, JD Baldwin, RM AF Plummer, MA Kim, M Way, JD Baldwin, RM TI Determination of mechanisms via computational chemistry for xylene and hydroxynaphthalene separations on beta-cyclodextrin SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Foundations of Molecular Modelling and Simulation CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; STRUCTURAL ISOMERS; BONDED PHASES AB Equilibrium and dynamic separations for the three xylene and two hydroxynaphthalenes (naphthol) isomers were experimentally obtained with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) on mesoporous glass bead and silica gel supports. beta-CD-support attachment was either by direct covalent bonding or through tethering with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The obtained guest/host separation selectivity ratios were as high as 4.1/1.0 for 1-naphthol from 2-naphthol. Maximum separation ratios were 2.4/1.0 for m-xylene from p-xylene and 0.75/1.0 for o-xylene from p-xylene. beta-CD tethering decreased the separation efficiencies of the xylene and naphthol isomers over those obtained by beta-CD covalent bonding. Molecular mechanics and semi-empirical methods were used to determine the mechanisms for the above guest-host separation efficiencies. The three mechanisms evaluated were guest-host inclusion energy, charge transfer and steric hindrance. Computational results show that the steric hindrance of the guest entering the host was the controlling mechanism. Levels of steric hindrance were determined by guest-host overlap of electrostatic potential surfaces. A key component concept was used to develop a model for predicting separation selectivities for other guests with beta-CD and other guest-host combinations. This model is based on a linear correlation between component/key component selectivity ratios and component/key component electrostatic potential overlap ratios. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM plummer@columbine.net NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1080/00268970310001645341 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 813FV UT WOS:000220893900006 ER PT J AU Tewari, A Gokhale, AM Spowart, JE Miracle, DB AF Tewari, A Gokhale, AM Spowart, JE Miracle, DB TI Quantitative characterization of spatial clustering in three-dimensional microstructures using two-point correlation functions SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE clustering; two-point correlation function; stereology; image analysis; discontinuously reinforced aluminum composites ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; PREDICTING PROPERTIES; SURFACE-AREA; SIZE; ARRANGEMENT; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR AB Two-point, three-point, and higher order microstructural correlation functions are important class of statistical descriptors that are useful for characterization of spatial arrangement and heterogeneity of microstructural features. In this contribution, an unbiased, efficient, and robust practical technique is presented for estimation of direction dependent as well as orientation averaged two-point correlation functions in three-dimensional (3D) microstructures from the measurement performed on vertical metallo-graphic planes. It is shown that if the direction dependence of the two-point correlations has an axis of symmetry then measurements on just one vertical plane containing the symmetry axis are sufficient for estimation of the direction dependent as well as mean two-point correlation functions, and measurements on at the most three vertical planes are sufficient if there is no symmetry axis. The new method is applied for characterization of spatial heterogeneity and clustering of SiC particles in a series of DRA composites having different degrees of microstructural heterogeneity and clustering. It is shown that numerous length scale parameters that characterize spatial heterogeneity and clustering can be extracted from the experimental data on two-point correlation functions. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gokhale, AM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arun.gokhale@mse.gatech.edu NR 28 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 19 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 2 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.09.016 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 768NY UT WOS:000188550100006 ER PT J AU Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z AF Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z TI Effect of initial process conditions on the structural properties of AlN films SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE atomic force microscopy; crystal morphology; high-resolution X-ray diffraction; nitrides ID SAPPHIRE; GROWTH AB A two-step pressure process was recently developed for depositing AlN layers on sapphire substrates by MOCVD. Together with optimum substrate nitridation, the process resulted in AlN layers that had FWHM values of similar to 350 and similar to 550 arcsec for the (0002) and (1012) rocking curves, respectively. While the films show excellent X-ray FWHM values, they often have poor morphology as well as small inversion domains spread throughout the film surface. A systematic study was initiated to understand the effect of substrate nitridation and the initial process conditions on the surface morphology and the structural properties. Using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, it was found that the nitridation conditions as well as the initial deposition conditions result in a mixed polarity surface coverage of the substrate. It is possible to force the growth of predominately Al- or N-polarity AlN layers by choosing different initial growth conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), USAF, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM qing.sun-puduano@hanscom.af.mil RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 10 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 19 PY 2004 VL 261 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.11.017 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 767XW UT WOS:000188500000015 ER PT J AU Caton, RG McNeil, WJ Groves, KM Basu, S AF Caton, RG McNeil, WJ Groves, KM Basu, S TI GPS proxy model for real-time UHF satellite communications scintillation maps from the Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scintillation; UHF communications; ionospheric effects ID EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION AB In order to provide a more reliable situational awareness of scintillation impacts on users of space-based communication/navigation systems, L-band scintillation measurements from GPS satellites are ingested, in real time, to the Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) model. SCINDA is a real-time, data-driven communication outage forecast and alert system developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory at Hanscom Air Force Base and made operational through a joint effort between the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy. UHF and L-band scintillation parameters are measured, modeled, and propagated in time to provide a regional specification of the scintillation environment in an effort to mitigate the impacts on the satellite communications (SATCOM) community. In an effort to provide UHF SATCOM users with a more consistent estimation of scintillation impacts on their systems, GPS sensors, measuring S-4 at L-band frequency, are now used as a supplement to the stationary UHF links dramatically increasing the regional coverage at each individual station, particularly those located outside the anomaly crest. Three-dimensional representations of GPS observed plumes are mapped to the ground from the location of a selected satellite, producing a "scintillation specification map detailing "outage'' regions on the globe. In this paper we present results from a validation study of the GPS proxy model and demonstrate its usefulness as an adjunct to the SCINDA model in producing the most accurate and reliable nowcast and forecast scintillation specification products available to UHF SATCOM users. C1 Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Caton, RG (reprint author), Radex Inc, 3 Preston Court, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM caton@radex.com NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 16 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S22 DI 10.1029/2002RS002821 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 765XB UT WOS:000188308700002 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Roh, WB AF Baek, SH Roh, WB TI Single-mode Raman fiber laser based on a multimode fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBER; BEAM CLEANUP AB Single-mode operation of a Raman fiber laser based on a multimode fiber has been demonstrated for what is to our knowledge the first time. Single-mode operation was achieved through the beam cleanup effect of stimulated Raman scattering in multimode fibers. The Raman laser, consisting of a 50-mum-core multimode fiber and a multimode Nd:YAG laser pump, produced an output beam corresponding to the fundamental mode of the fiber. The measured beam quality factor M-2 of the Raman laser beam was 1.66. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, AFIT,ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, AFIT,ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM won.roh@afit.edu NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 153 EP 155 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000153 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 761BU UT WOS:000187880100005 PM 14743995 ER PT J AU Kannan, R He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Kannan, R He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN Vaia, RA Tan, LS TI Toward highly active two-photon absorbing liquids. Synthesis and characterization of 1,3,5-triazine-based octupolar molecules SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; CUBIC HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES; FEMTOSECOND CONTINUUM; CONJUGATED MOLECULES; IONIC LIQUIDS; DATA STORAGE; EXCITATION AB Three novel two-photon absorbing (TPA) chromophores with 1,3,5-triazine as the pi-electron deficient core, dialkylfluorene as aromatic bridges, and diphenylamino groups as the electrondonating end-groups were prepared. Designated as AF-450 (2,4,6-tris[7-(diphenylamino)-9,9-didecylfluoren-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine), AF-455 (2,4,6-tris[9,9-bis(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-7-(diphenylamino)-fluoren-2yl]-1,3,5-triazine), and AF-457 (2,4,6-tris[(7-(diphenylamino)-9,9-diprop-2-enylfluoren-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine), their overall molecular structure and local symmetry (D-3h) are similar to those of previously reported three-armed AF-350 (N,N,N-tris[4-{7-(2-benzothiazolyl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl}phenyl]amine) and AF-380 (N,NN,-tris[7-(2-benzothiazolyl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl]amine). Among the family of AFX chromophores previously reported by us, AF-450 possesses one of the largest effective TPA cross-sections (sigma(2)' = 39 500 x 10(-50) cm(4)-sec/photon-molecule, or 39 500 GM) as determined by nonlinear transmission method in the nanosecond regime at 800 nm. In contrast, AF-455, a mixture of stereoisomers with the same chemical formula as AF-450, is a glassy material that becomes fluid (molasses-like) upon heating at 70-80 degreesC and has noticeably smaller effective sigma(2)' value (33 300 GM). AF-457 (sigma(2)'= 27 800 GM) with six allyl side groups was prepared as a precursor toward the synthesis of a TPA liquid. The intrinsic TPA cross-sections of these chromophores were also determined as a function of excitation wavelengths via a fenitosecond white-light continuum generation and direct degenerate-TPA measurement technique. At the TPA peaks similar to779 nm, their sigma(2)' values are 216, 214, and 199 GM (+/-15%) for AF-450, AF-455, and AF-457, in that order. They are in the same trend as the nanosecond values, albeit two orders of magnitude lower. C1 Systran Syst Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), Systran Syst Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@dwpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 84 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1021/cm034358g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 763LU UT WOS:000188088000026 ER PT J AU Awad, WH Gilman, JW Nyden, M Harris, RH Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Fox, DM AF Awad, WH Gilman, JW Nyden, M Harris, RH Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Fox, DM TI Thermal degradation studies of alkyl-imidazolium salts and their application in nanocomposites SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE imidazolium; salts; montmorillonite; nanocomposite; thermal stability; degradation ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; MONTMORILLONITE; FLAMMABILITY AB Increasing the thermal stability of organically-modified layered silicates is one of the key points in the successful technical application of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites on the industrial scale. To circumvent the detrimental effect of the lower thermal stability of alkyl ammonium-treated montmorillonite, a series of alkyl-imidazolium molten salts were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA) and thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDMS). The effect of counter ion, alkyl chain length and structural isomerism on the thermal stability of the imidazolium salts was investigated. Alkyl-imidazolium-treated montmorillonite clays were prepared by ion exchange of the imidazolium salts with Na-montmorillonite. These organically-modified clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TDMS and thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), and compared to the conventional quaternary alkyl ammonium montmorillonite. Results indicate that the counter ion has an effect on the thermal stability of the imidazolium salts, and that imidazolium salts with PF6-, N(SO2CF3)(2)(-) and BF4- anions are thermally more stable than the halide salts. A relationship was observed between the chain length of the alkyl group and the thermo-oxidative stability; as the chain length increased from propyl, butyl, decyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl to eicosyl, the stability decreased. The results also show that the imidazolium-treated montmorillonite has greater thermal stability compared to the imidazolium halide. Analysis of the decomposition products by FTIR provides an insight about the decomposition products which are water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8652, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 25 TC 279 Z9 285 U1 4 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 409 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00334-4 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 762ME UT WOS:000187975500001 ER PT J AU Tolle, TB Anderson, DP AF Tolle, TB Anderson, DP TI The role of preconditioning on morphology development in layered silicate thermoset nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; epoxy; layered silicate; morphology; processing ID EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MONTMORILLONITE; EXFOLIATION; POLYESTER; MODEL AB The impact of preconditioning constituent materials on the morphology development of organically modified montmorillonite-epoxy nanocomposites is examined to determine the sensitivity of exfoliation to material conditions. In situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering studies were performed to relate the initiation and levels of exfoliated morphologies with various silicate preconditioning processes. Significantly, exfoliation could be achieved in systems initially considered intercalated by preconditioning through epoxy-silicate mixture aging. The resulting morphologies lead to slightly improved toughness. Implications for nanocomposite morphology development models include the necessity of further investigation of the complexities of both local and global morphologies. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Tolle, TB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1002/app.13150 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 749HZ UT WOS:000186915100014 ER PT B AU Cipar, J Thomas, C Lockwood, R AF Cipar, J Thomas, C Lockwood, R GP ieee TI Distinguishing vegetation land covers using hyperspectral imagery SO 2003 IEEE WORKSHOP ON ADVANCES IN TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data held in Honor of David A Landgrebe CY OCT 27-28, 2003 CL NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr, Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE HO NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr ID MAPPING VEGETATION; AVIRIS; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; LEAF AB We use AVIRIS data collected at Fort A. P. Hill, Virginia, to evaluate how well airborne hyperspectral imagery can be used to distinguish vegetation land covers. Fort A. P. Hill is located in east-central Virginia and is heavily forested with a mix of deciduous and coniferous species native to the mid-Atlantic region. The location and extent of the forest species is documented in a land cover database compiled by the Fort for planning and resource protection purposes. The AVIRIS data set consists of several low-altitude (3.7-m GSD) flight lines on two dates: November, 1999 and September, 2001. Our goal is to characterize the both the natural variability of vegetation land covers using mathematical and biophysical metrics and to assess differences between land covers for classification purposes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cipar, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8350-8 PY 2004 BP 108 EP 112 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BAG84 UT WOS:000222142800017 ER PT B AU Eismann, MT Hardie, RC AF Eismann, MT Hardie, RC GP ieee TI Resolution enhancement of hyperspectral imagery using coincident panchromatic imagery and a stochastic mixing model SO 2003 IEEE WORKSHOP ON ADVANCES IN TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data held in Honor of David A Landgrebe CY OCT 27-28, 2003 CL NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr, Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE HO NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; FUSION AB A maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation approach to the hyperspectral resolution enhancement problem is described for enhancing the spatial resolution of a hyerspectral image using. a higher resolution, coincident, panchromatic image. The approach makes use of a stochastic mixing model (SMM) of the underlying spectral scene content to develop a cost function that simultaneously optimizes the estimated hyperspectral scene relative to the observed hyperspectral and panchromatic imagery, as well as the local statistics of the spectral mixing model. The incorporation of the stochastic mixing model is found to be the key ingredient to reconstructing sub-pixel spectral information in that it provides the necessary constraints that lead to a well-conditioned linear system of equations for the high resolution hyperspectral image estimate. The mathematical formulation of the method is described, and enhancement results are provided for a synthetically-generated hyperspectral image data set and compared to prior methods. In general, it is found that the MAP/SMM method is able to reconstruct sub-pixel information in several principal components of the high resolution hyperspectral image estimate, while the enhancement for conventional methods, like those based on least-squares estimation, is limited primarily to the first principal component (i.e., the intensity component). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8350-8 PY 2004 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BAG84 UT WOS:000222142800042 ER PT B AU Litton, CW Look, DC Claflin, BB Reynolds, DC Cantwell, G Eason, DB Worley, RD AF Litton, CW Look, DC Claflin, BB Reynolds, DC Cantwell, G Eason, DB Worley, RD GP ieee TI Growth and properties of n- and p-type ZnO SO 2003 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS: POST-CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY AUG 25-27, 2003 CL San Diego, CA ID THIN-FILMS; BULK ZNO; SEMICONDUCTOR AB In this paper, we will focus our attention on growth and properties of low-resistivity, n-type ZnO single crystals (mu(e)similar to 230 cm(2)V-s, n(e) similar to 1 x 10(17)/cm(3), at RT), including study and identification of their characteristic shallow residual donors that are thought to control the high electrical conductivity observed in as-grown, n-type ZnO crystals. We will also direct some of our attention to study of the electrical and optical properties of recently demonstrated, Nitrogen-doped, homoepitaxial p-type ZnO films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), either on low-resistivity (p) substrates, or on Li-diffused, semi-insulating ZnO substrates. Hall mobilities, carrier concentrations and resistivities of the p-type ZnO films ranged from mu(p) = 1-2 cm(2)/V-s, n(p) = 9 x 10(16)/cm(3) to 1-5 x 10(18)/cm(3), and rho similar to 10-40 ohm-cm, respectively. SIMS profiles have shown that the p-type films, with thickness typically in the range of 1-2 mum, contained large concentrations of N-atoms (as high as 1 x 10(19)/cm(3) in the films) against a background of N in the substrates similar to 1 x 10(17)/cm(3), and Temperature-dependent Hall measurements of activation energies have shown that the binding energy (BE) of N-acceptors in ZnO is similar to146 meV, comparable to the BE of shallow Mg acceptors in GaN (similar to 165 meV); conductivity measurements have shown that at least one of our p-type films is prone to instability and type conversion at cryogenic temperatures and under illumination with room light. MBE growth conditions necessary to achieve p-type ZnO:N films/ZnO are discussed together with the characteristic bandedge photoluminescence (PL) signatures of the p-type layers. C1 AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Litton, CW (reprint author), AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8614-0 PY 2004 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1109/ISCSPC.2003.1354427 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBL69 UT WOS:000226028400005 ER PT B AU Barnes, PN Rhoads, GL Tolliver, JC Sumption, MD Schmaeman, KW AF Barnes, PN Rhoads, GL Tolliver, JC Sumption, MD Schmaeman, KW BE Fair, HD TI Compact, lightweight, superconducting power generators SO 2004 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USA Res Lab DE generators; high electrical power; superconducting; HTS conductors ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; REDUCTION AB Many future military systems will depend heavily on high electrical power input ranging from 100's kilowatts up to the multimegawatt level. These weapon systems include electromagnetic launch applications as well as electrically driven directed energy weapons (DEW), such as high power microwaves and solid state lasers. These power generation subsystems must often be packaged using limited space and strict weight limits on either ground mobile or airborne platforms. Superconducting generators made of high temperature superconductors (HTS) will enable megawatt-class airborne power systems that are lightweight and compact. Also discussed briefly are new advances in HTS conductors and refrigeration systems furthering the development of FITS power systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8290-0 PY 2004 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1109/ELT.2004.1398066 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBT10 UT WOS:000227664800030 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, SJ Shima, T Mitchell, JW Sparks, AG Chandler, P AF Rasmussen, SJ Shima, T Mitchell, JW Sparks, AG Chandler, P GP ieee TI State-space search for improved autonomous UAVs assignment algorithm SO 2004 43RD IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC), VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 14-17, 2004 CL BAHAMAS SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Honeywell, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, United Technol Res Ctr, XEROX AB This paper describes an algorithm that generates vehicle task assignments for autonomous uninhabited air vehicles in cooperative missions. The algorithm uses a state-space best-first search of a tree that incorporates all of the constraints of the assignment problem. Using this algorithm a feasible solution is generated immediately, that monotonically improves and eventually converges to the optimal solution. Using Monte Carlo simulations the performance of the search algorithm is analyzed and compared to the desirable assignment algorithm attributes. It is shown that the proposed deterministic search method can be implemented for given run times, providing good feasible solutions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.rasmussen@wpafb.af.mil; shima_tal@yahoo.com; Jason.Mitchell@emergentspace.com; andrew.sparks@wpafb.af.mil; philip.chandler@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-8682-5 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2004 BP 2911 EP 2916 DI 10.1109/CDC.2004.1428908 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BBO61 UT WOS:000226745602111 ER PT B AU Schweickart, DL Grosjean, DF Kasten, DG Liu, X Sebo, SA AF Schweickart, DL Grosjean, DF Kasten, DG Liu, X Sebo, SA GP IEEE TI Partial discharge measurements at low pressures with and without a dielectric barrier SO 2004 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL Boulder, CO SP NIST, IEEE AB Partial discharge (PD) characteristics in air and argon in the 0.1 - 760 Torr pressure range are reviewed for a needle-plane electrode arrangement. The test setup and various test results (PD inception voltage, waveforms, rise times) are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grosjean, DF (reprint author), ISSI, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8584-5 PY 2004 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBF22 UT WOS:000225187200111 ER PT S AU Crum, VW Plaisted, C Buffington, JM Prasanth, R Tallant, GS Bose, P Krogh, B Johnson, T AF Crum, VW Plaisted, C Buffington, JM Prasanth, R Tallant, GS Bose, P Krogh, B Johnson, T GP ieee TI Validation & verification of intelligent and adaptive control systems SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Emerging military aerospace system operational goals, such as autonomy, will require advanced safety-critical control systems consisting of unconventional requirements, system architectures, software algorithms, and hardware implementations. These emerging control systems will significantly challenge current verification and validation (V&V) processes, tools, and methods for flight certification. Ultimately, transition of advanced control systems that enable transformational military operations will be decided by affordable V&V strategies that reduce costs and compress schedules for flight certification. This paper describes a comprehensive plan and preliminary results for a study of V&V needs for emerging safety-critical control systems in the context of military aerospace vehicle flight certification. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crum, VW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367591 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000007 ER PT S AU Winter, J Spanjers, G Cohen, D Adler, A Ginet, G Dichter, B Granata, J Denoyer, K Murphey, T Wegner, P Underwood, L Hausgen, P Senft, D AF Winter, J Spanjers, G Cohen, D Adler, A Ginet, G Dichter, B Granata, J Denoyer, K Murphey, T Wegner, P Underwood, L Hausgen, P Senft, D GP ieee TI A proposed large deployable space structures experiment for high power, large aperture missions in MEO SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate has developed the Deployable Structures Experiment (DSX) to research the technologies needed for large space structures and apertures, high-power generation, and survivability in the high radiation enviromnent of a medium earth orbit (MEO). The proposed DSX concept is a combination of four research experiments that coupled together provides DoD with a) transformational capability in space surveillance, b) microsats with large aperture and power, c) a validation of the key physics issues associated with active remediation of the effects of a high-altitude nuclear detonation (HAND), and d) new radiation survivability design criteria for satellite systems planned for the highly desirable medium Earth orbit (MEO) regime. The four DSX experiments are fundamental research on large deployable space structures, Radiation Belt Remediation (RBR), thin-film photovoltaics (TF-PV), and space particle measurement in the MEO environment. Used on small satellites this capability is transformational: large apertures and high power will be. available on low-cost, easily launched platforms. This research will enable the large apertures needed for missions such as space-based radar with target-tracking capability, the high-power generation capability needed for electric propulsion orbit transfer vehicles, and radiation belt remediation using space-based transmitters. The baseline DSX experiment is planned to be launch ready by late 2008 with at least one year of on-orbit operations. The 2008 launch schedule is based on the available funding profile. A schedule driven by hardware development could be ready for launch as early as late 2006. Whereas the 2008 launch date is the current baseline, AFRL is exploring options to increase funding and accelerate the launch. An overview of flight experiment concept, flight experiment objectives, and satellite description will be presented along with a discussion of the challenges and solutions for removing power, large structures for expanded apertures, and the MEO environment as constraints to space capability. C1 USAF, Res Lab AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Winter, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RI Murphey, Todd/C-9815-2009 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367636 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000050 ER PT S AU Carlson, R Fram, B Buckley, S AF Carlson, R Fram, B Buckley, S GP ieee TI SHERPA: A responsive multi-mission space tug SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The SHuttle Expendable Rocket for Payload Augmentation (SHERPA) is a rocket-powered orbital transfer system for small satellites. It is currently being developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS) to support the need of the Department of Defense (DoD) Space Test Program (STP) to deploy satellite payloads to higher orbits. SHERPA, a space tug, will mass 56 kilograms and will be capable of boosting a 125-kg satellite payload from an orbit of 350 kilometers to 700 kilometers. The STP utilizes a variety of systems to fly its payloads. Although the current plan for the SHERPA flight demonstration is to use the Canister for All Payload Ejections (CA-PE), opportunities exist to also launch as a secondary payload aboard an expendable launch vehicle (ELV). The SHERPA team, consisting of AFRL/VS and several Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) contractors, is designing the core technologies for this effort to be as modular as possible to allow use of these individual technologies in other applications. The planned demonstration SHERPA will fly as a secondary payload and deploy after the Space Shuttle has completed its primary mission. After SHERPA and its satellite payload have separated from the Shuttle, it will loiter on orbit until it is adequately separated from the Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS). The SHERPA will orient the payload stack and fire its propulsion system to enter a Hohmann transfer orbit. This boost requires a total change in velocity of 240 meters per second (m/s) and includes a one-degree plane change for collision avoidance. After the stack has coasted to the final mission orbit apogee, the propulsion system will fire again, inserting the satellite payload into its final mission orbit. SHERPA will then separate itself from the satellite payload and fire a Collision/Clearance Avoidance Maneuver (C/CAM), ensuring it is clear of the satellite and guaranteeing the pressurized propulsion tanks are emptied as much as possible before re-entry. After this final maneuver, SHERPA is in its lowest possible orbit and ready for rapid re-entry. C1 USAF, AFRL DE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Carlson, R (reprint author), USAF, AFRL DE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 574 EP 579 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367643 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000056 ER PT S AU Steyskal, H Schindler, JK AF Steyskal, H Schindler, JK GP ieee TI Beamforming and signal processing with sparse, random arrays for space based radar SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB We investigate moving target detection with a space-based cluster of radar satellites, modeled as a random sparse array. For a linear array which moves along its axis, the optimum space-time processing leads to a DPCA-like solution. We analyze the performance degradation with array pitch (satellite cluster rotation) and yaw (Earth rotation) and known random element position errors. Results show that the signal/clutter improvement factor is an extremely sensitive function of the pulse repetition frequency and that it varies over a large dynamic range. Achievable improvement factor maxima are moderately degraded by array pitch and strongly degraded with increasing position errors. Yaw effects appear to be negligible. In general, with increased randomness, fewer elements contribute to form DPCA pairs so that satellite usage efficiency (and SNR) is degraded. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 887 EP 896 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000084 ER PT S AU Morton, TE Pasala, KM AF Morton, TE Pasala, KM GP ieee TI Pattern synthesis of conformal arrays for airborne vehicles SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE ID LEAST-SQUARES; ARBITRARY ARRAYS; ALGORITHM; ANTENNAS AB This paper extends a beam pattern synthesis technique to a conformal array geometry. An array of simple slot radiating elements is postulated to cover a surface typical of the nosecone of an aircraft or missile. The far field element patterns for both polarization components are derived and applied to an iterative synthesis algorithm based on maximizing directivity subject to specified sidelobe constraints. Synthesized patterns with specified sidelobe levels are presented. Null steering is demonstrated, and beamwidth and directivity performance is considered as a function of scan angle. Near hemispheric coverage is demonstrated by assuming a capability to switch elements around the cone periphery. These results indicate the potential utility of conformal arrays for airborne applications. By continuing demonstration of useful beam patterns, directivities, and wide scan angles, conformal arrays may routinely find their way onto airborne vehicles where they can introduce the additional benefits of reduced aerodynamic drag, weight and space savings and reduction of radome signal distortion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morton, TE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 1030 EP 1039 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000101 ER PT S AU Stadler, B Duchak, G AF Stadler, B Duchak, G GP ieee TI TeraHertz Operational Reachback (THOR) - A mobile free space optical network technology program SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The DARPA TeraHertz Operational Reachback (THOR) program developed and assessed a suite of technologies for application in a mobile ad-hoc free space optical communication system. The notional THOR system includes airborne and ground based full duplex active terminals and passive optical terminals that form the physical layer of a high speed ad hoc mobile optical network. THOR consists of airborne terminals networked to form a communications backbone transmitting and receiving data at 2.5Gbps as well as passive optical terminals connected as high speed edge devices with a data rate of 200Mbps. The operational objective is to enable high data rate communications between a combat theater command post and an edge terminal linked to the Global Information Grid (GIG) located outside of theater. DARPA investments were made in compact electro-optic beam steering devices to decrease the size and weight of optical terminals, high-speed high sensitivity (-47dBm) detectors, and high power (50W) modulating laser sources. Passive optical terminal technology investments focused on highspeed modulating quantum well focal plane arrays for integration with wide field of view +/-15 degree Cat's Eye optical systems to enable high speed modulating retro reflectors. Networking technologies included protocol assessments and quality of service algorithms to maintain low latency data transfer over unreliable optical data channels while maintaining data rates in the 2.5Gbps range. Analysis and network simulation results demonstrated that with multiple redundant links an all-optical network could operate with atmospheric weather conditions consisting of 80% broken cloud cover. C1 AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stadler, B (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 1710 EP 1721 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367948 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000167 ER PT S AU Zulch, P Davis, M Maher, J Hancock, R Theis, S Mckay, J AF Zulch, P Davis, M Maher, J Hancock, R Theis, S Mckay, J GP ieee TI Beam-space signal processing and analysis of a LEO L-band GMTI SBR SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE ID ADAPTIVE ARRAYS AB Space Based Radar (SBR) has been investigated for decades and has once again made an appearance as a viable method for performing the moving target indication (MTI) mission. This paper will address a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) based L-band radar concept. This paper will emphasize beam-space adaptive signal processing for improved clutter mitigation for an SBR employing multiple phase centers and a digital beamformer. A beam-space processing technique will be considered for clutter mitigation; and, a parametric study of the number and spacing of beams will be performed for a candidate scenario. Beam-space clutter mitigation techniques are much less computationally stressing than 'full joint domain' space time adaptive processing (STAP). Beam-space processing can take advantage of the simultaneous beams formed by digital beamformers. This paper will define a SBR system of interest to both USAF and NASA. Application of the beam-space clutter cancellation approach will be discussed and sized for this application. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Zulch, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 1895 EP 1903 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367972 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000191 ER PT S AU Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME AF Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME GP ieee TI Multisensor fusion description using category theory SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Data fusion as a science has been described in the literature in great detail by many authors, particularly over the last two decades. These descriptions are, for the vast majority, non-mathematical in nature and have lacked the symbolism and clarity of mathematical precision. This paper demonstrates a way of describing the science of data fusion using diagrams and category theory. The description begins with a clear definition of what fusion is in a mathematical sense. Then category theory is applied to develop a generic category of object-fusion. Using a simple diagram of a multisensor process, several categories are developed. Fusion rules, called fusors, are described paving the way for development of a theory of optimization of fusors over categories. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thorsen, SN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2010 EP 2016 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367983 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000202 ER PT S AU Davis, ME AF Davis, ME GP ieee TI L-Band SBR moving target detection in SAR-GMTI modes SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Space Based Radars (SBR) are being considered for a wide range of area surveillance tasks due to the global, all weather capability to image and detect moving targets. SBR has the capability of detecting either slow moving ground targets or high speed airborne targets, in addition to the familiar Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging mode. However, due to the high satellite velocity and long wavelength of an L-Band SBR, detection of slow moving targets is very difficult. Two radar modes are being considered: Multiple-Channel Ground Moving Target Indication Space Time Adaptive Processing (GMTI STAP), and Along Track Inteferometry (ATI) SAR. The system implications and mode requirements will be reviewed for efficient wide area surveillance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM mark.davis@rl.af.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2211 EP 2219 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000223 ER PT S AU Ngo, AD AF Ngo, AD GP ieee TI A fuel-optimal trajectory for a constrained hypersonic vehicle using a direct transcription method SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB It is well-known that the takeoff weight of a space operation vehicle is composed mainly of fuel. Payload and vehicle hardware make up only a small percentage of the total weight. As a consequence, an important component of mission design for a space operation vehicle is trajectory planning since mission designers can increase the amount of payload or time-in-orbit by reducing the fuel required to accomplish the mission. In this paper, a method to calculate a fuel-optimal cruise trajectory for a hypersonic space vehicle is presented. The method of direct transcription is used to discretize the state and control variables along the vehicle's flight path to transform the optimization problem into a nonlinear programming problem to find the most fuel-efficient trajectory. Structural constraint in terms of normal loading on the vehicle is imposed along the trajectory. Comparisons are made between the fuel-optimal trajectory and static cruise trajectory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ngo, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VACA, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2704 EP 2709 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000276 ER PT S AU Hunyadi, G Ganley, J Peffer, A Kumashiro, M AF Hunyadi, G Ganley, J Peffer, A Kumashiro, M GP ieee TI The University Nanosat Program: An adaptable, responsive and realistic capability demonstration vehicle SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The University Nanosat Program (UNP) is a student satellite program cosponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the National Aeronautics & Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), the American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics (AIAA), and the Air Force Space Test Program (STP). The program was initiated in 1999 with the goal of flying student-built nanosatellites on the space shuttle within two years of grant award to universities. The program is currently in its second award cycle, with past hardware flight-ready but not yet manifested. Within the context of past program successes and challenges, there exist unique opportunities for capability demonstration using the University Nanosat program structure. Particular points of interest include the symbiosis of government and academia on a flight program; the training of the next generation of aerospace professionals; and the opportunity to infuse existing aerospace institutions with out-of-the-box methodologies and technologies which incorporate the use of next-generation deployables and science instrumentation, autonomous controls, MEMS, distributed architectures, as well as advanced communications, power systems, and sensors. Particular attention is paid to evaluating program success based on such aspects as cost-sharing advantages, education and training, program flexibility and responsiveness. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Jackson & Tull Chartered Engineers, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Hunyadi, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Jackson & Tull Chartered Engineers, 1601 Randolph Rd SE,Suite 100N, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2850 EP 2858 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368091 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000291 ER PT S AU Anderson, AD Sellers, JJ Hashida, Y AF Anderson, AD Sellers, JJ Hashida, Y GP ieee TI Attitude determination and control system simulation and analysis for low-cost micro-satellites SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The Air Force Academy's latest satellite endeavor, FalconSAT-3, is a 50 kg microsatellite being developed by faculty and cadets, and is the Air Force Academy's first attempt at achieving three axis attitude determination and control (ADCS). FalconSAT-3 will carry three payloads to conduct DoD research. The attitude requirements for FalconSAT-3 include pointing the satellite within +/- five degrees of ram direction, as well as attitude knowledge to within one degree. This paper explains the development and testing of a Simulink. and Matlab based simulation that demonstrates the ability of FalconSAT-3 ADCS hardware to meet design requirements. The satellite includes a magnetometer and sun sensors, and actuators include magnetorquers, a reaction wheel, and passive attitude control from a gravity gradient boom. Implementation of attitude conventions, satellite dynamic equations, and FalconSAT-3 design characteristics are presented. Attitude estimation using linear and extended Kalman filters is explained and included in the simulation. Control laws during delibration and operational attitude maintenance for magnetorquers and a reaction wheel are also discussed. A model of probable disturbance torques in the FalconSAT-3 orbital environment, including magnetic moment, atmospheric drag, and solar pressure is also incorporated in the simulation. Attitude control of FalconSAT-3 is shown from tip-off to a Y-Thomson spin attitude. A boom deployment sequence is then simulated, and delibration of the satellite is shown using magnetorquers and a reaction wheel. Finally, operational phase attitude maintenance is shown, with FalconSAT-3 meeting all operational attitude design requirements. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, USAF Acad, CO 80841 USA. RP Anderson, AD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fac Dr, USAF Acad, CO 80841 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2920 EP 2934 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368099 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000299 ER PT S AU Anderson, AD Sellers, JJ Hashida, Y AF Anderson, AD Sellers, JJ Hashida, Y GP ieee TI Attitude determination and control system simulation and analysis for low-cost micro-satellites SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The Air Force Academy's latest satellite endeavor, FalconSAT-3, is a 50 kg microsatellite being developed by faculty and cadets, and is the Air Force Academy's first attempt at achieving three axis attitude determination and control (ADCS). FalconSAT-3 will carry three payloads to conduct Dol) research. The attitude requirements for FalconSAT-3 include pointing the satellite within +/- five degrees of ram direction, as well as attitude knowledge to within one degree. This paper explains the development and testing of a Simulink and Matlab based simulation that demonstrates the ability of FalconSAT-3 ADCS hardware to meet design requirements. The satellite includes a magnetometer and sun sensors, and actuators include magnetorquers, a reaction wheel, and passive attitude control from a gravity gradient boom. Implementation of attitude conventions, satellite dynamic equations, and FalconSAT-3 design characteristics are presented. Attitude estimation using linear and extended Kalman filters is explained and included in the simulation. Control laws during delibration and operational attitude maintenance for magnetorquers and a reaction wheel are also discussed. A model of probable disturbance torques in the FalconSAT-3 orbital environment, including magnetic moment, atmospheric drag, and solar pressure is also incorporated in the simulation. Attitude control of FalconSAT-3 is shown from tip-off to a Y-Thomson spin attitude. A boom deployment sequence is then simulated, and delibration of the satellite is shown using magnetorquers and a reaction wheel. Finally, operational phase attitude maintenance is shown, with FalconSAT-3 meeting all operational attitude design requirements. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, USAF Acad, CO 80841 USA. RP Anderson, AD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fac Dr, USAF Acad, CO 80841 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2935 EP 2949 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368100 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000300 ER PT S AU Wenndt, SJ Noga, AJ AF Wenndt, SJ Noga, AJ GP ieee TI Blind channel estimation for audio signals SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB This research presents a new approach for blind channel estimation for audio signals. For most speech processing techniques such as speech recognition or speaker identification, the performance can drop significantly when the statistics of the training data such as the channel shape, noise, and distortion differ from the statistics of the testing data. Aside from the standard technique of cepstral mean normalization, few techniques are available for reducing channel mismatch conditions. Experimental results will be presented for both channel estimation and for channel normalization via inverse filtering where the inverse filter is derived from the channel estimate. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wenndt, SJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome Res Site,32 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 3144 EP 3150 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368119 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000318 ER PT S AU Simon, G Shaya, E Rice, K Cooper, S Dunham, J Champion, J AF Simon, G Shaya, E Rice, K Cooper, S Dunham, J Champion, J GP ieee TI XTCE: A standard XML-Schema for describing mission operations databases SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The Object Management Group (OMG) has recently ratified the XML Telemetry and Telecommand Exchange (XTCE) as a standard means to describe the format of telemetry and telecommand data for mission operations. It is meant as a direct replacement for proprietary formats found in mission operations software. The goal of the specification is to provide for an easy means of exchanging this information between the organizations that build, test, deploy and manage spacecraft missions, and to increase the software choices for customers in the mission operations center. This paper describes the genesis and design of XTCE by the original authors of the specification, and gives examples using both TDM and packet style (CCSDS) telemetry and commands. It also discusses current prototyping efforts being performed by NASA-GSFC, ESA, Lockheed Martin (A-F, Colorado Springs) and others. C1 USAF, SMC, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Simon, G (reprint author), USAF, SMC, Det 12-Lockheed Martin, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 3313 EP 3325 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368138 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000337 ER PT S AU Kirkland, LV Pombo, T Nelson, K Berghout, F AF Kirkland, LV Pombo, T Nelson, K Berghout, F GP ieee TI Avionics health management: Searching for the prognostics grail SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The focus of this paper is to present the advances, benefits and challenges in measuring, monitoring and managing the health of aircraft avionics systems as well as the support equipment used to test these systems. Most people are skeptical when avionics and prognostics are used in the same sentence. For the purpose of this discussion, we will grant that most electronic discrete parts fail randomly. However, in the aircraft maintenance arena that point is moot because the lowest repairable level is the assembly on which those discrete parts reside. When an assembly fails or has an intermittent fault (resulting from aging solder connections or other environmental or mechanical factors), it is manifested as a system fault or failure. As degraded performance trends occur over time, there is an increased probability of predicting with reasonable confidence, when a given assembly is likely to experience an insipient fault or a cause a mission failure. While many of the current USAF maintenance metrics add no apparent value to prognostics capability, a few critical data elements are discussed. An optimum set of metrics is proposed through which the performance of avionics assemblies can be monitored. Considerable insight into the relative performance of a wide range of avionics assemblies has been gained through analysis of test parameters and failure information (typically not archived) that have been captured from automated test equipment (ATE). The automated methodology that captures, statistically processes and archives test data from both the units under test (UUT) and the ATE instruments, is described. The insight gained from this technique has led to cost avoidance in the tens of millions of dollars by reducing No Faults Found (NFF) occurrences, which, in turn, improves mission capability rates and reduces logistics support cost. Specific examples of these benefits to the USAF F-16 fleet are provided. C1 USAF, OO ALC, TISAC, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Kirkland, LV (reprint author), USAF, OO ALC, TISAC, 7178 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 3448 EP 3454 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368150 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000349 ER PT S AU Jacques, DR Walter, MJD AF Jacques, DR Walter, MJD GP ieee TI Development of a department of Defense focused graduate program in systems engineering SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The Air Force Institute of Technology has responded to a need for a significant revision of its graduate degree program in Systems Engineering. The need was brought on by several factors, including a move towards a capability based acquisition system, the emergence of System Architecture as a means for insuring interoperability, and the recognition that sound System Engineering principles were not being uniformly applied across AF and DoD programs. The first year revision of the program concentrated on a new line-up of core courses to insure a common body of knowledge for all students going through the degree program. These core courses, together with a project application are also offered as a stand alone graduate certificate program. The second year revision continues to fine tune the core courses, but also adds an elective sequence that will take students through the front end Systems Engineering process for a current AF mission area. This sequence has the students perform a mission area analysis, concept definition, analysis of alternatives, program formulation and the development of test and risk management plans for their concepts. Progress of the program revision will be discussed and future initiatives will be mentioned. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Air Force Ctr Syst Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacques, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Air Force Ctr Syst Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 4177 EP 4180 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000425 ER PT S AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC AF Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC GP IEEE TI Low rank adaptive signal processing for radar applications SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS: SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL PROCESSING THEORY AND METHODS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE ID GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; MATRIX AB This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in heterogeneous clutter environments. We present the performance of the low rank normalized matched filter (LRNMF) test and the low rank normalized adaptive matched filter (LRNAMF) in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise with unknown variance. It is shown that the LRNMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is approximately CFAR. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance analysis of the LRNAMF test using simulated data from the KASSPER program is presented. Issues of sample support for subspace estimation, constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and detection performance are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2004 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAH00 UT WOS:000222174600051 ER PT B AU Qian, HL Batalama, SN Suter, B AF Qian, HL Batalama, SN Suter, B GP IEEE TI Novel GLRT packet-data detectors SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL IV, PROCEEDINGS: AUDIO AND ELECTROACOUSTICS SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE AB In this paper we propose novel generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) packet-data detectors for general multiaccess/multiuser digital communication systems and we develop analytical performance evaluation tools for finite data packet sizes. We evaluate the performance of the proposed GLRT schemes in the context of packet-data CDMA communications. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Qian, HL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, IFGC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 1013 EP 1016 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BAH08 UT WOS:000222179500254 ER PT B AU Perlovsky, L Linnehan, R Mutz, C Schindler, J Weijers, B Brockett, R AF Perlovsky, L Linnehan, R Mutz, C Schindler, J Weijers, B Brockett, R GP ieee TI Synthesis of formal and fuzzy logic to detect patterns in clutter SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications CY JUL 14-16, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE pattern recognition; dynamic logic; modelling field theory AB Recognizing patterns in data often relies on rules, or exploits simple features in the data. However when noise or clutter obscures these features in the data, one must consider a number of different features to determine the best match. This often leads to combinatorial complexity manifested in either of two ways, complexity of learning or complexity of computations. Adaptive model-based approaches potentially offer better computational performance than feature-based methods and may lead to extracting the maxi. mum information from data. These techniques still often relied on using formal logic to compare library models to incoming data. Neural networks are usually not easy for implementing model-based approaches. Fuzzy logic bypasses using formal logic, but it provides solutions that often are heavily influenced by the initial degree of fuzziness. We are developing a technique for detecting patterns below clutter based on the neural network modeling field theory. Modeling field theory (MFT) using fuzzy dynamic logic to overcome combinatorial complexity is introduced along with an algorithm suitable for the detection of patterns below clutter This new mathematical technique is inspired by the analysis of biological systems, like the human brain, which combines conceptual understanding with emotional evaluation and overcomes the combinatorial complexity of model-based techniques. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8341-9 PY 2004 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1109/CIMSA.2004.1397259 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBE20 UT WOS:000225102900034 ER PT S AU Laviers, KR Peterson, GL AF Laviers, KR Peterson, GL GP IEEE TI Cognitive robot mapping with polylines and an absolute space representation SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE ID OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; MOBILE ROBOTS AB Robot mapping even today is one of the most challenging problems in robot programming. Most successful methods use some form of occupancy grid to represent a mapped region. This approach becomes problematic if the robot is mapping a large environment, the map quickly becomes too large for processing and storage. Rather than storing the map as an occupancy grid, our robot (equipped with sonars) sees the world as a series of connected spaces. These spaces are initially mapped as an occupancy grid in a room by room fashion. As the robot leaves a space, denoted by passing through a doorway, the grids are converted to a polygonal representation. This polygonal representation is stored as rooms and hallways as a set of Absolute Space Representations (ASRs) representing the space connections. Using this representation makes navigation and localization easier for the robot to process. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.laviers@afit.edu; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 3771 EP 3776 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1308856 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800606 ER PT B AU Augeri, CJ Ali, HH AF Augeri, CJ Ali, HH GP IEEE TI New graph-based algorithms for partitioning VLSI circuits SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc AB When designing a circuit, it may be too large to fit on a single layer of a chip, on a single chip, or on a single board. Regardless of the design level. the same objectives remain. Normally, it is desirable to minimize the number of layers, chips, or boards, along with minimizing the delay. Additional constraints. such as the number of interconnections and power consumption, must often be considered. We have developed two k-way bounded partitioning algorithms: one is evolutionary-based, while the other is a hierarchical graph center-based approach. The algorithms are implemented and compared with known partitioning algorithms. Since VLSI circuits can be naturally modeled by graphs, experiments were conducted by partitioning graphs from various graph families against both simulated and real-world partitioning criteria. A direct result of this research is a high-level abstract graph-partitioning model. This model allows one to specify mathematical evaluation metrics and control parameters, permitting inter-domain comparison of algorithms and allowing one to identify the particular scenarios they are best applicable to. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Augeri, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8251-X PY 2004 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAP14 UT WOS:000223102600131 ER PT S AU Nelson, RL Haus, IW Birchfield, B Hopkins, FK Grote, JG AF Nelson, RL Haus, IW Birchfield, B Hopkins, FK Grote, JG GP ieee TI Optical sensors utilizing resonant modes in total reflection structures. SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID MODULATION C1 AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45333 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900004 ER PT S AU Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM Drummond, JD Preston, JE Fugate, RQ AF Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM Drummond, JD Preston, JE Fugate, RQ GP ieee TI Single-frequency CW sum-frequency generation at 589 nm for sodium guidestar excitation SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE AB We report on the laser design, development, and operational tests of a 50-watt, continuous-wave, single-frequency, 589-mn laser based on a doubly resonant sum-frequency ring containing LBO pumped by 1064nm and 1319nm continuous-wave Nd:YAG injection-locked lasers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Denman, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 901 EP 902 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900450 ER PT B AU Clark, SL Avery, K Parker, R AF Clark, SL Avery, K Parker, R GP ieee TI TID and SEE testing results of Altera Cyclone Field Programmable Gate Array SO 2004 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop ( REDW) held in conjunction with the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 22, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE DE FPGA; Altera Cyclone; radiation; TID; SEE; SEU; SEL AB TID and SEE testing was performed on Altera Cyclone FPGAs. The devices exhibit slight performance degradation to a TID of 1 Mrad (Si), but also exhibited SEL at a low LET. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Clark, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8697-3 PY 2004 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1109/REDW.2004.1352911 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBN14 UT WOS:000226254000017 ER PT B AU Lee, F Shipley, J Midgett, M Casey, D AF Lee, F Shipley, J Midgett, M Casey, D GP IEEE TI Reduced footprint initial communications and next generation deployable communications systems SO 2004 IEEE/SARNOFF SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN WIRED AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SE IEEE Sarnoff Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/Sarnoff Symposium on Advances in Wired and Wireless Communication CY APR 26-27, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Coll New Jersey, MTTS, EDS AB Today's military users depend on robust and highly reliable communications systems to enable use of sophisticated battlefield management and execution systems. These systems support even. aspect of the military's mission from logistics supply to advanced battlefield situational awareness and intelligence systems. However, the first-in communications infrastructure needed to support these systems in the deployed environment is either inadequate or non-existent. Many first-in users are the most disadvantaged, and typically deploy with very limited communications capability, severely impacting the amount of information available to them. The Air Force Communications Agency (AFCA) developed the prototype Reduced Footprint Communications System (RFIC) specifically with first-in users in mind. Since that time, AFCA has continued exploring the latest advances in rapidly deployable lightweight communications systems. This paper describes the history and background of the original RFIC prototype and the role AFCA played in the development of the system. Further discussion focuses on AFCA's ongoing efforts associated with the latest technologies and advancements in the commercial markets, and DoD-sponsored initiatives that are accelerating the integration of these technologies. C1 AF Commun Agcy, Directorate Technol, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Lee, F (reprint author), AF Commun Agcy, Directorate Technol, Scott AFB, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8219-6 J9 IEEE SARNOFF SYMPOS PY 2004 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1109/SARNOF.2004.1302846 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAD25 UT WOS:000221644700020 ER PT B AU Farrar, W Korte, T Midgett, M Casey, D Shipley, J AF Farrar, W Korte, T Midgett, M Casey, D Shipley, J GP IEEE TI Wireless communications infrastructure in a military environment SO 2004 IEEE/SARNOFF SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN WIRED AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SE IEEE Sarnoff Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/Sarnoff Symposium on Advances in Wired and Wireless Communication CY APR 26-27, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Coll New Jersey, MTTS, EDS AB When deploying, Air Force units rely on extensive communications infrastructure to provide voice, video, data, and imagery services. However, the communications infrastructure needed to support these services is often unavailable or inadequate in austere locations. To overcome these limitations, the expeditionary force must deploy with its own equipment and cabling to build an organic communications infrastructure - a task that must be completed quickly since all base operations rely on communications. To meet this challenge more efficiently, the Air Force Communications Agency's Technology Directorate (AFCA/TC) assembled a suite of secure, wireless communications products to lower airlift requirements to reduce the time required for installation, while increasing bandwidth and improving services for deployed users. AFCA's design consisted of four integrated technologies: (1) multipoint microwave radios for linking line-of-sight enclaves, (2) IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks for mobile users, (3) diffused infrared (IR) wireless network devices for secure, short range applications, and (4) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology for secure and nonsecure voice. The experiment showed that these technologies offer advantages of less size and weight, faster set-up time, and greater flexibility. C1 AFCA, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Farrar, W (reprint author), AFCA, 203 W Losey St, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8219-6 J9 IEEE SARNOFF SYMPOS PY 2004 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1109/SARNOF.2004.1302851 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAD25 UT WOS:000221644700025 ER PT S AU Linnehan, R Perlovsky, L Mutz, C Rangaswamy, M Schindler, J AF Linnehan, R Perlovsky, L Mutz, C Rangaswamy, M Schindler, J GP IEEE TI Detecting multiple slow-moving targets in SAR images SO 2004 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Ground moving target indication (GMTI) radars can detect slow-moving targets if their velocities are high enough to produce Doppler frequencies distinguishable from the surrounding stationary clutter. However no reliable technique is currently available to detect targets that fall below the minimum detectable velocity (MDV) of GMTI radars. Detecting slow moving targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has also not ceded a reliable solution. Reflected energy from the target is spread over many pixels in the image due to its motion, degenerating the detection process. The addition of clutter from surrounding stationary objects or ground features further complicates detection. Several techniques for SAR imaging of moving targets have been attempted. These techniques require pre-detection, which, in turn, requires sufficient signal-to-stationary ground clutter ratio (SCR). Other attempts such as adaptive, model-based approaches face exponential combinatorial complexity. Exponential computational cost results from having to consider a large number of combinations between multiple target models and the data. The dynamic logic algorithm (DLA) presented below detects multiple slow-moving targets simultaneously in SAR images with low signal-to-clutter ratio, no minimum velocity requirement, and without combinatorial complexity. The mathematics underlying the algorithm is based on biologically inspired signal processing concepts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 0-7803-8545-4 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2004 BP 643 EP 647 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR32 UT WOS:000230899800128 ER PT S AU Himed, B Kim, K Zhang, YH Hajjari, A AF Himed, B Kim, K Zhang, YH Hajjari, A GP IEEE TI A new approach to wideband space-time adaptive processing (W-STAP) SO 2004 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper presents a new methodology for airborne wideband space-time adaptive processing (W-STAP) radar systems. In W-STAP, the wideband target signal is first decomposed into a series of narrowband signals. This is referred to as a sub-banding process. The different signals are then combined into a single reference sub-band (usually the center). STAP processing is then performed at this reference band. The combination process is done through a transformation from the different sub-bands into the reference one using the focusing approach [1]. In this method, non-sinaular transformation matrices are used. Compared to the conventional approach proposed in [2], the focusing technique provides greater Computational efficiency in wideband STAP systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Himed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 0-7803-8545-4 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2004 BP 672 EP 676 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR32 UT WOS:000230899800134 ER PT B AU Szabo, FR Kladitis, PE AF Szabo, FR Kladitis, PE BE Badawy, W Moussa, W TI Design, modeling and testing of polysilicon of optothermal actuators for power scavenging wireless microrobots SO 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEMS, NANO AND SMART SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP Univ Alberta, Univ Calgary, Veeco, Syst Res Corp, Sun, iCORE, FEMLAB, Conventor, ANSYS, MEMSCAP, IntelliSense Software, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, ROI, Micronet R&D, taiho AB The biggest hurdle to be solved, in order to create autonomous Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microrobots, is generating power for their actuator engines. Most present actuators require orders of magnitude more power than is presently available from micropower sources. To enable smaller microrobots, this research investigated a simplified power concept that eliminates the need for on-board power supplies and control circuitry by using actuators powered wirelessly from the environment. The use of lasers to directly power micrometer scale silicon thermal actuators was explored. Optothermal actuators, intended for use on a small wirelessly propelled autonomous M-EMS microrobot, were modeled, designed, fabricated and tested, using the PolyMUALPs silicon-metal chip fabrication process. A 760 mum by 710 mum prototype MEMS polysilicon-based microrobot, using optothermal actuators, was designed, fabricated and tested. Each of its parts was demonstrated to provide actuation using energy from an external laser. The optothermal actuators provided 2 pin of deflection to the microrobot drive shaft, with 60 in W of pulsed laser power. The results of these experiments demonstrated the validity of a new class of wireless polysilicon actuators for MEMS devices, which are not directly dependant on electrical power for actuation. The experiments also demonstrated a potentially viable design that could be used to propel the world's smallest autonomous MEMS microrobot. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM francis.szabo@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2189-4 PY 2004 BP 446 EP 452 DI 10.1109/ICMENS.2004.1508992 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAW55 UT WOS:000223904500094 ER PT B AU Ramaswamy, S Hunt, KK Maimon, JD Li, B Bumgarner, A Rodgers, J Burcin, L AF Ramaswamy, S Hunt, KK Maimon, JD Li, B Bumgarner, A Rodgers, J Burcin, L GP ieee TI Progress on design and demonstration of the 4Mb chalcogenide-based random access memory SO 2004 NON-VOLATILE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP NASA, USAF Res Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE Chalcogenide; phase change; nonvolatile; memory AB The first generation of GRAM memory is designed to greatly exceed (in density, write speed, endurance) the existing non-volatile memory solutions for space and to close the gap that exists between system requirements and availability. Based on the success of the 64 kb C-RAM program, we are designing a 4 Mb GRAM product implemented in 0.25 mum radiation-hardened CMOS. In this paper we present a description of the architecture and design of the prototype 4 Mb chalcogenide non-volatile memory and provide schematic based simulation results showing memory operation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ramaswamy, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8726-0 PY 2004 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1109/NVMT.2004.1380830 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BBK55 UT WOS:000225881700025 ER PT B AU Walli, KC AF Walli, KC GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Automated multisensor image registration SO 32ND APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB This paper develops a technique for the registration of multisensor images utilizing the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter to automatically determine semi-invariant ground control points (GCPs). These points are then related through the development of point matching techniques and statistical analysis. Through the use of matrix transformations, efficient management of multiple affine operations can be obtained and stored in a composite transform. Wavelet theory is used to enable the multi-resolution analysis critical for multisensor image registration and predictive transformations. Multiple methods will be discussed to test the accuracy of the resulting image registration. Benefits of this technique against pat-allay and moving objects within the scene will also be highlighted. Finally, an example of 'wavelet sharpening' will be demonstrated that preserves radiometric integrity. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Walli, KC (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2029-4 PY 2004 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAA60 UT WOS:000221356000018 ER PT B AU Luchtenberg, JP AF Luchtenberg, JP BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Nomura, S Zhang, J TI DoD acquisition reform and complex systems: How the US military can incorporate the semantic web into the design of modern SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XIV, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE DoD acquisition; complex systems; semantic web AB The United States Department of Defense follows strict guidelines in the procurement of weapon systems. This discipline is designed to ensure the timely procurement of effective and affordable systems for warfighters. Policy dictates that an authoritative decision body accountable for cost, schedule and performance approve the transition to each phase of the acquisition lifecycle only when specific criteria and deliverables have been satisfied. This paper will explore the ability of this system to adapt and effectively accommodate the unique, dynamic and evolutionary challenges in the design and development of complex, interdependent information technology systems that leverage semantic web technologies. C1 USAF, Elect Syst Grp, Dynam Res Corp, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. RP Luchtenberg, JP (reprint author), USAF, Elect Syst Grp, Dynam Res Corp, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 320 EP 324 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBT43 UT WOS:000227691900058 ER PT S AU Perram, GP Marciniak, MA Goda, M AF Perram, GP Marciniak, MA Goda, M BE Wood, GL Pellegrino, JM TI High energy laser weapons: technology overview SO A CRITICAL REVIEW: LASER TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technologies for Defense and Security - A Critical Review CY APR 12, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE High Energy Laser weapons; chemical lasers; solid state lasers; ftee electron laser; beam control; adaptive optics; atmospheric propagation; target lethality; missions; scenarios ID CHEMICAL-LASER AB High energy laser (BEL) weapons are ready for some of today's most challenging military applications. For example, the Airborne Laser (ABL) program is designed to defend against Theater Ballistic missiles in a tactical war scenario. Similarly, the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) program is currently testing a laser to defend against rockets and other tactical weapons. The Space Based Laser (SBL), Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) and Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM) programs promise even greater applications for laser weapons. This technology overview addresses both strategic and tactical roles for BEL weapons on the modem battlefield and examines current technology limited performance of weapon systems components, including various laser device types, beam control systems, atmospheric propagation, and target lethality issues. The characteristics, history, basic hardware, and fundamental performance of chemical lasers, solid state lasers and free electron lasers are summarized and compared. The elements of beam control, including the primary aperture, fast steering mirror, deformable mirrors, wavefront sensors, beacons and illuminators will be discussed with an emphasis on typical and required performance parameters. The effects of diffraction, atmospheric absorption, scattering, turbulence and thermal blooming phenomenon on irradiance at the target are described. Finally, lethality criteria and measures of weapon effectiveness are addressed. The primary purpose of the presentation is to define terminology, establish key performance parameters, and summarize technology capabilities. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5337-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5414 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.544529 PG 25 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBA01 UT WOS:000224340600001 ER PT S AU Duff, EA Truesdell, KA AF Duff, EA Truesdell, KA BE Wood, GL Pellegrino, JM TI Chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) technology and development SO A CRITICAL REVIEW: LASER TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technologies for Defense and Security - A Critical Review CY APR 12, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Chemical Lasers; COIL Lasers; Iodine Lasers; laser weapon systems; Laser Cutting; laser manufacturing; all gas iodine lasers; Airborne Laser (ABL); Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) ID 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ATOMIC IODINE; NCL(A(1)DELTA); TRANSITION AB In the late 1960's researchers realized that producing a population inversion in a moving medium could be used to generate high-energy laser beams. The first lasers to scale to the 10 kW size with good beam quality were supersonic flows of N2 - CO2, emitting radiation from the CO2 at 10.6 microns. In the 1970's gas dynamic CO2 lasers were scaled to hundreds of kilowatts and engineered into a KC-135 aircraft. This aircraft (The Airborne Laser Laboratory) was used to shoot down Sidewinder AIM-9B missiles in the early 1980's(1). During this same time period (1970-1990) hydrogen fluoride and deuterium fluoride lasers were scaled to the MW scale in ground-based facilities. In 1978, the Iodine laser was invented at the Air Force Research Laboratory2 and scaled to the 100 kW level by the early 1990's. Since the 60s, the DOD Chemical Laser development efforts have included CO2, CO, DF, HF, and Iodine. Currently, the DOD is developing DF, BY, and Iodine lasers, since CO2 and CO have wavelengths and diffraction limitations which make them less attractive for high energy weapons applications. The current military vision is to use chemical lasers to prove the principles and field ground and air mounted laser systems while attempting to develop weight efficient solid-state lasers at the high power levels for use in future Strategic and Tactical situations. This paper describes the evolution of Chemical Oxygen Iodine Lasers, their selection for use in the Airborne Laser (ABL), and the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL). COIL was selected for these early applications because of its power scalability, its short wavelength, its atmospheric transmittance, and its excellent beam quality. The advantages and challenges are described, as well as some of the activities to improve magazine depth and logistics supportability. COIL lasers are also potentially applicable to mobile ground based applications, and future space based applications, but challenges exist. hi addition, COIL is being considered for civil commercial applications in the US and overseas. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duff, EA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5337-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5414 BP 52 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.554472 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBA01 UT WOS:000224340600004 ER PT S AU Post, SG AF Post, SG BE Wood, GL Pellegrino, JM TI High average power diode-pumped solid-state laser illuminators for HEL beam control SO A CRITICAL REVIEW: LASER TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technologies for Defense and Security - A Critical Review CY APR 12, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE beam control; illuminator laser; DPSSL; Nd : YAG; Yb : YAG; directed energy; high energy laser; HEL ID YB-YAG LASER; MESOSPHERIC SODIUM LAYER; GUIDE STARS; OSCILLATIONS; PERFORMANCE; BEACON AB Active track and beacon illuminator lasers, which are critical components of most high energy laser beam control systems, have benefited significantly over the past decade from technology advancements that have enabled more than an order of magnitude growth in their average output power while maintaining excellent beam quality. An overview of how high energy laser system illuminator requirements are developed, along with a short history and current status of diode-pumped solid-state laser illuminator technology development in the United States, will be provided. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Post, SG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELA, 3550 Aberdeen Dr SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5337-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5414 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.554473 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBA01 UT WOS:000224340600006 ER PT J AU Bell, JE McMullen, PR AF Bell, JE McMullen, PR TI Ant colony optimization techniques for the vehicle routing problem SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE ant colony optimization; vehicle routing; vehicle scheduling; combinatorial optimization; heuristics; optimization ID TRAVELING-SALESMAN PROBLEM; ALGORITHM AB This research applies the meta-heuristic method of ant colony optimization (ACO) to an established set of vehicle routing problems (VRP). The procedure simulates the decision-making processes of ant colonies as they forage for food and is similar to other adaptive learning and artificial intelligence techniques such as Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms. Modifications are made to the ACO algorithm used to solve the traditional traveling salesman problem in order to allow the search of the multiple routes of the VRP. Experimentation shows that the algorithm is successful in finding solutions within 1% of known optimal solutions and the use of multiple ant colonies is found to provide a comparatively competitive solution technique especially for larger problems. Additionally, the size of the candidate lists used within the algorithm is a significant factor in finding improved solutions, and the computational times for the algorithm compare favorably with other solution methods. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Babcock Grad Sch Management, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Bell, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.bell@afit.edu NR 20 TC 206 Z9 226 U1 11 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2004.07.001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 874JV UT WOS:000225347600005 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Jones, SE Murray, CJ McAuliffe, JC Vaia, RA Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Jones, SE Murray, CJ McAuliffe, JC Vaia, RA Stone, MO TI Peptide templates for nanoparticle synthesis derived from polymerase chain reaction-driven phage display SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICA; NANOCLUSTERS; CRYSTALLITES; RECOGNITION; LIBRARY AB Phage peptide display libraries are commonly used to select peptides that bind to inorganic surfaces (metals, metal oxides, and semiconductors). These binding peptides can serve as templates to control the nucleation and growth of inorganic nanoparticles in vitro. In this report, we describe the identification of a unique set of sequences that bind to silver and cobalt nanoparticles from a phage peptide display library using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-driven method. The amino acid sequences obtained by the PCR method are a distinct set of sequences that would otherwise be missed using the regular panning method. Peptides identified by the method described here are also shown to function as templates for the synthesis of silver and cobalt platinum nanoparticles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biotechnol Grp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Genecor Int Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biotechnol Grp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 64 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1002/adfm.200304501 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 772TH UT WOS:000188857000004 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL BE Coufal, HJ Hasan, AU TI Companding nonlinear correlators SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND QUANTUM MEMORIES AND COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing CY JAN 27-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; INCOHERENT-ERASURE; NOISE-REDUCTION; CRYSTAL AB In this paper we summarize a new category of all optical companding nonlinear correlators developed by our group in the last decade. All optical companding nonlinear correlators consist of two families: The first is based on energy transfer between the joint spectra of reference and signal images. The second family is based on incoherent erasure of a grating formed by coupled beams. All of these correlators have similar features. Therefore, we take one representative case of study, namely, the photorefractive two-beam coupling correlator. We perform theoretical analysis, computer simulations and experimental demonstrations to predict the location of the best operating point of the two-beam coupling joint transform correlator. From this study we determine the best operational condition for high speed and resolution, as well as for optimal trade-off between correlation peak intensity, efficiency and noise performance. We also study the performance of compansive correlators; in analogy with the limiting square law receiver. It was found that the optimal performing point corresponds to noise variance that is proportional to the transition from compression to expansion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5270-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5362 BP 160 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.543264 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BAM22 UT WOS:000222821100018 ER PT S AU Kung, HT Suter, BW AF Kung, HT Suter, BW BE Luk, FT TI Dominant covering SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XIV CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID TRANSMISSION AB We consider communications and network systems whose properties are characterized by the gaps of the leading eigenvalues of A(H) A for some matrix A. We show that a sufficient and necessary condition for a large eigen-gap is that A is a "hub" matrix in the sense that it has dominant columns. We describe an application of this dominant covering theory in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY USA. RP Kung, HT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5497-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5559 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.564252 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ48 UT WOS:000225812400029 ER PT S AU DeSandre, L Gruneisen, M Rotge, J Dymale, R Lubin, D AF DeSandre, L Gruneisen, M Rotge, J Dymale, R Lubin, D BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Phased array diffractive wavefront control system for continual agile beam steering and tracking SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID OPTICS AB Agile beam steering of optical radiation using phased arrays offers significant advantages, such as weight, stability, speed and power requirements, over conventional beam steering systems based on large optics, telescopes, and gimbals. Phased arrays incorporating programmable diffractive optics systems based on MEMS or liquid crystal spatial light modulators are being investigated for a number of applications including large aberration compensation, near-diffraction-limited imaging and agile beam steering. A prototype system uses discrete phase steps to approximate modulo-2pi phase profiles and operates with 307,200 independently addressable elements, 100% fill factor and total optical efficiencies of up to 93%. This paper presents analysis of an agile beam steering phased array system incorporating physical parameters such as fill factor, 2pi reset fidelity and influence function. Diffractive wavefront control with non-2pi resets is shown to produce continual beam steering. Expressions and modeling of the far-field beam pattern and off-axis beam steering efficiency are presented. Measured diffraction efficiencies show close comparison with calculated values. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeSandre, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.581194 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300008 ER PT S AU Rhoadarmer, TA AF Rhoadarmer, TA BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Development of a self-referencing interferometer wavefront sensor SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensors; interferometers; scintillation ID STRONG SCINTILLATION; PERFORMANCE; NOISE AB The self-referencing interferometer (SRI) is an innovative wavefront sensor (WFS) developed specifically for applications requiring laser propagation in strong scintillation. The performance of conventional gradient sensors, like Shack-Hartmann WFSs or lateral shearing interferometers, are severely limited in these environments due to the presence of branch points in the wavefront phase. In comparison, the SRI WFS directly measures the wavefront field so its performance is not affected by the presence of branch points. Over the last two years the Starfire Optical Range has been developing a prototype SRI WFS to demonstrate its advantages in strong scintillation environments. This paper discusses some practical lessons learned in building and operating an SRI WFS and presents initial results from laboratory tests. C1 USAF, Beam Control Div, AFRL, DES,Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Rhoadarmer, TA (reprint author), USAF, Beam Control Div, AFRL, DES,Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 112 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.559916 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300010 ER PT S AU Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR Lubin, DL Voelz, DG Deramo, M AF Gruneisen, MT Dymale, RC Rotge, JR Lubin, DL Voelz, DG Deramo, M BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Wavelength-agile telescope system with diffractive wavefront control and acousto-optic spectral filter SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; reconfigurable diffractive optics; acousto-optical tunable filter; computer-generated holography; laser wavefront control ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; HOLOGRAPHIC COMPENSATION; TUNABLE FILTERS; OPTICS AB Programmable diffractive optics (PDO) based on liquid-crystal (LC) technology has been demonstrated as a wavelength-agile means of compensating large aberrations over limited instantaneous spectral bandwidths. Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) based on acousto-optic Bragg diffraction have been demonstrated as wavelength-agile means for selecting narrow spectral bands from white light with high rejection ratios. These technologies are integrated into a telescope system that includes a conventional primary mirror utilized off axis with more than 40 waves of aberration to view a white-light illuminated object bar chart. A high-resolution LC PDO, situated in a pupil plane, compensates for the large primary mirror aberration. The AOTF, operating in an image plane, rejects light outside a 2 nm spectral band centered about the wavelength at which the modulo-lambda phase profile of the PDO is defined. Wavelength-agile operation is achieved by synchronously tuning the PDO and AOTF over a 100nm spectral range. Near-diffraction-limited image quality is demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.561732 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300016 ER PT S AU Marker, DK Holt, E Patrick, B Sheikh, DA Moore, J Rotge, J Wilkes, JM AF Marker, DK Holt, E Patrick, B Sheikh, DA Moore, J Rotge, J Wilkes, JM BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Large lightweight optical quality windows and filters SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE optical; windows; filters; lightweight; large; polymer AB The Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, together with SRS Technologies Inc., Huntsville, AL, and Surface Optics Corporation, San Diego. CA, have developed meter-class optical quality membranes with dielectric coatings and custom spectral filtering. The windows range in thickness from 5 to 20 p,m and can operate in the visible and the near-infrared. To date the largest membrane manufactured is slightly less than one meter in diameter and its optical thickness variation is on the order of 35 nanometers rms. Surface roughness, optical density, and other optical data will be presented. The intent of this article is to expose this technology to optical designers with the expectation that significant design opportunities for observatories, telescopes, and experiments will result. C1 USAF, RL, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, RL, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1117/12.562141 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300019 ER PT S AU Brooks, MR Goda, ME AF Brooks, MR Goda, ME BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Atmospheric simulation using a liquid crystal wavefront controlling device SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE atmospheric turbulence; simulation; spatial light modulator; phase screen AB Test and evaluation of laser warning devices is important due to the increased use of laser devices in aerial applications. This research consists of an atmospheric aberrating system to enable in-lab testing of various detectors and sensors. This system employs laser light at 632.8nm from a Helium-Neon source and a spatial light modulator (SLM) to cause phase changes using a birefringent liquid crystal material. Measuring outgoing radiation from the SLM using a CCD targetboard and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor reveals an acceptable resemblance of system output to expected atmospheric theory. Over three turbulence scenarios, an error analysis reveals that turbulence data matches theory. A wave optics computer simulation is created analogous to the lab-bench design. Phase data, intensity data, and a computer simulation affirm lab-bench results so that the aberrating SLM system can be operated confidently. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brooks, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3050 C St,Hangar 4B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1117/12.562447 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300024 ER PT S AU Mantravadi, SV Rhoadarmer, TA Glas, RS AF Mantravadi, SV Rhoadarmer, TA Glas, RS BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Simple laboratory system for generating well-controlled atmospheric-like turbulence SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; atmospheric turbulence; scintillation ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; BROAD-BAND; TELESCOPE AB We describe a simple optical system for generating atmospheric-like turbulence in the laboratory which allows for well-controlled testing of advanced adaptive-optical components and concepts. The system models a two-layer atmosphere using static phase plates and is capable of simulating a wide range of atmospheric conditions. The design of the hardware is presented along with results from the initial system modelling describing the theory of operation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Beam Control Div,DES, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mantravadi, SV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Beam Control Div,DES, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.1117/12.559933 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300027 ER PT S AU Drummond, J Telle, J Denman, C Hillman, P Spinhirne, J Christou, J AF Drummond, J Telle, J Denman, C Hillman, P Spinhirne, J Christou, J BE Calia, DB Ellerbroek, BL Ragazzoni, R TI Sky tests of a laser-pumped sodium guidestar with and without beam compensation SO ADVANCEMENTS IN ADAPTIVE OPTICS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advancements in Adaptive Optics CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; sodium guidestar pump laser; sodium guidestar AB Three sets of sky tests have been conducted at the Starfire Optical Range with a continuous-wave, single-frequency, 20-W laser in preparation for a 50-W facility-class laser. Brightness measurements were made of the sodium guidestar produced with and without adaptive optics (AO) correction to the outgoing laser beam when it was either linearly or circularly polarized. Correcting for the transmission of our V filter at the sodium wavelength, a circularly polarized laser beam of 12 W out the telescope produced a guidestar of V=7.1 (1015 ph/s/cm(2) at the top of the telescope). In general, a circularly polarized beam produces a guidestar between 75 and 100% brighter than a linearly polarized beam, indicating a significant degree of optical pumping of the sodium D2-line magnetic sublevels. However, guidestars produced with beams launched with tip-tilt correction only were 11% brighter than with beams launched with full AO correction. From deconvolved images of the guidestar taken with the 3.5-m telescope, the smallest spot, produced from a beam with 8.5 W of power out the telescope, circular polarization, and launched closed loop, had a Gaussian FWHM of 0.85 arcsec, or 38 cm at an altitude of 92 km. This corresponds to a peak Gaussian intensity of 3.8 mW/cm(2). C1 USAF, Res Lab, DES,Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Drummond, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DES,Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5422-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5490 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.556869 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG30 UT WOS:000225417900002 ER PT S AU Fugate, RQ Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM De La Rue, IA Drummond, JD Spinhirne, JM AF Fugate, RQ Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM De La Rue, IA Drummond, JD Spinhirne, JM BE Calia, DB Ellerbroek, BL Ragazzoni, R TI Progress toward a 50-watt facility-class sodium guidestar pump laser SO ADVANCEMENTS IN ADAPTIVE OPTICS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advancements in Adaptive Optics CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE sodium guidestar; adaptive optics; 589 nm sum-frequency-generator; Nd : YAG injection-locked laser AB We report on the development of a 50-W, continuous-wave, sodium wavelength guidestar excitation source for installation on the azimuth gimbal structure of the 3.5-m telescope at the Starfire Optical Range. The laser is an all solid-state design employing two diode-pumped Nd:YAG sources operating at 1064 and 1319 nm that are combined to generate 589-nm radiation using a lithium triborate non-linear crystal. Key features of the system include single-frequency, injection-locked high-power oscillators, a doubly resonant sum frequency generator cavity, a short-term 10 kHz wide 589 nm spectrum, excellent beam quality and power stability, and turn-key operation using computer control and diagnostics. The laser beam is projected from the side of the 3.5-m telescope. A novel elevation beam dither approach is employed to determine range to the centroid of the guidestar formed in the column of mesospheric sodium and maintain focus of the wave front sensor. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fugate, RQ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5422-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5490 BP 1010 EP 1020 DI 10.1117/12.556871 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG30 UT WOS:000225417900104 ER PT S AU Yarbrough, SA Flake, BA Razani, A AF Yarbrough, SA Flake, BA Razani, A BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Computational fluid dynamic modeling of pressure drop through wire mesh screen regenerators SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model complex cryocooler components and systems has been rare until the last few years. With more computational power and robust CFD codes available, the ability to create CFD models is becoming a reality. Efforts to characterize and predict flow through the regenerator have been ongoing for 50 years. Use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict pressure drop through regenerator wire mesh screens would facilitate development of a cryocooler system model. Three types of CFD regenerator models are presented. The modeling results are compared and the most promising candidate for integration into a system level model is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Yarbrough, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1138 EP 1145 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900140 ER PT S AU Roberts, TP Desai, PV AF Roberts, TP Desai, PV BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Working fluid state properties measurements in medium and high frequency cryocoolers SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The measurement of the internal thermodynamic states in operational cryocoolers has been an experimental challenge of long standing. An experimental data acquisition system is described which uses high frequency pressure and hot wire anemometry transducers to measure the pressure, temperature, and mass flow within a working Stirling cycle refrigerator operating in the 20 to 60 hertz frequency range. Problems with establishing refrigerator hermeticity and instrumentation calibrations are discussed and the solutions which were used are detailed. A subset of the empirical data obtained by the experimental effort is shown in order to demonstrate how working fluid equations of state can be used to describe refrigeration component performance and estimate how components contribute to overall system characteristics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Space Vehicle Directorate,AFRL, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roberts, TP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Space Vehicle Directorate,AFRL, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1146 EP 1153 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900141 ER PT S AU Davis, TM Smith, DA Easton, RM AF Davis, TM Smith, DA Easton, RM BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Air force research laboratory cryocooler technology development SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB This paper presents an overview of the cryogenic refrigerator and cryogenic integration programs in development and characterization under the Cryogenic Cooling Technology Group, Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The vision statement for the group is to support the space community as the center of excellence for developing and transitioning space cryogenic thermal management technologies. This paper will describe the range of Stirling, pulse tube; reverse Brayton, and Joule-Thomson cycle cryocoolers currently under development to meet current and future Air Force and Department of Defense requirements. Cooling requirements at 10K, 35K, 60K, 95K, and multistage cooling requirements at 35/85K are addressed. In order to meet these various requirements, the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate is pursuing various strategic cryocooler and cryogenic integration options. The Air Force Research Laboratory, working with industry partners, is also developing several advanced cryogenic integration technologies that will result in the reduction in current cryogenic system integration penalties and design time. These technologies include the continued development of gimbaled transport systems, 35K and I OK thermal storage units, heat pipes, cryogenic straps, and thermal switches. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Davis, TM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1205 EP 1212 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900148 ER PT S AU Oliver, E Yarbrough, SA Abhyankar, NS Tomlinson, BJ AF Oliver, E Yarbrough, SA Abhyankar, NS Tomlinson, BJ BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Air Force Research Laboratory spacecraft cryocooler endurance evaluation update: 2000-2002 SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Long-life evaluation data for space cryocoolers is essential for performance and reliability assessments of this technology. With a design life of 10 or more years, and no accepted accelerated testing methodology, the importance of continual real time operations monitoring and periodic retesting is paramount. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), under sponsorship from the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS), has been evaluating life performance of space cryocooler technology for many years providing raw data and detailed evaluations to system designers and cryocooler developers for advancing the technology, correcting discovered deficiencies, and improving cryocooler designs. At AFRL, units of varying designs and refrigeration cycles are instrumented in state-of-the-art experiment stands that provide space-like conditions and are equipped with software data acquisition to track critical cryocooler operating parameters. The collected data allows an assessment of the technology's ability to meet the desired lifetime and documents any long-term changes in performance. This paper includes observations and lessons learned from the endurance evaluation of six cryocoolers at AFRL for the period 2000-2002. C1 Air Force Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Oliver, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1221 EP 1228 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900150 ER PT S AU Yarbrough, SA Abhyankar, N Tomlinson, BJ Davis, TM AF Yarbrough, SA Abhyankar, N Tomlinson, BJ Davis, TM BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Performance characterization of the TRW 95 K High Efficiency Cryocooler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB This paper presents results from characterization studies performed on the Northrop Grumman Space Technology, formerly TRW, 95 K High Efficiency Cryocooler at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Cryogenic Technology Research Facility. This pulse tube cryocooler unit is capable of lifting 10 W heat loads at 95 K, and has demonstrated the highest efficiency performance at this temperature range for space cryocoolers characterized at AFRL. Physical characteristics of the test setup for the cooler are described in the paper. Results are presented for the cryocooler over a wide range of operating parameters and environmental conditions. Effects of varying heat rejection temperature, compressor drive input, and heat loads on the input power and cold end temperatures are examined as well as the cold end temperature stability. In addition, the effect of orientation on the cryocooler's performance is presented. The cooler has entered life-test mode with accumulation of over 5000 of run-time hours. C1 Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Yarbrough, SA (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1277 EP 1284 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900156 ER PT S AU Flake, B Razani, A AF Flake, B Razani, A BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Modeling pulse tube cryocoolers with CFD SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package is used to model the oscillating flow inside a pulse tube cryocooler. Capabilities for modeling pulse tubes are demonstrated with preliminary case studies and the results presented. The 2D axi-symmetric simulations demonstrate the time varying temperature and velocity fields in the tube along with computation of the heat fluxes at the hot and cold heat exchangers. The only externally imposed boundary conditions are a cyclically moving piston wall at one end of the tube and constant temperature or heat flux boundaries at the external walls of the hot and cold heat exchangers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flake, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1493 EP 1499 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900184 ER PT S AU Razani, A Flake, B Yarbrough, S AF Razani, A Flake, B Yarbrough, S BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Exergy flow in pulse tube refrigerators and their performance evaluation based on exergy analysis SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Exergy flow in Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerators (OPTR) is investigated. Input power to the compressor provides the source of exergy and the input exergy's magnitude diminishes as working fluid passes through each component. The exergy destruction is due to the irreversibility of each component in the refrigerator. The only product of the system is the exergy associated with the refrigeration power. It is shown that for an ideal OPTR, where the orifice is the only source of irreversibility, the exergy destruction is equivalent to the refrigeration power resulting in a second law efficiency of (T-h - T-c)/ T-h for the system. A model for the effect of different system parameters on the irreversibility of the compressor, regenerator, and orifice is developed and exergy flow in the system is analyzed. A proper definition of the second law efficiency for each component is given and it is shown that exergy analysis is a powerful method for understanding the mechanism, performance evaluation, design, and optimization of the pulse tube refrigerator. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razani, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1508 EP 1518 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900186 ER PT S AU Razani, A Flake, B Yarbrough, S Abhyankar, NS AF Razani, A Flake, B Yarbrough, S Abhyankar, NS BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI A power-efficiency diagram for performance evaluation of cryocoolers SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID CURZON-AHLBORN EFFICIENCY; THERMODYNAMICS; CONNECTION AB The power-efficiency diagram is a simple and convenient tool to characterize the performance of energy systems. In exergy analysis, the power and efficiency can be represented by the rate of exergy transfer to the cold reservoir and the exergetic efficiency of the cryocooler, respectively. Examples from the thermal performance plots generated in our laboratory indicate that the power-efficiency diagram for cryocoolers are loop-shaped curves characterized by a compromise between power (exergy transfer rate to the cold reservoir) and the exergetic efficiency of the system. The effect of heat rejection temperature on system irreversibility and efficiency is investigated. A simple thermal model, including system heat-leak and heat-rejection temperature, for pulse tube cryocoolers is developed to evaluate the irreversibility due to thermal losses as compared to minimum system irreversibility. Based on non-equilibrium thermodynamic analysis, thermodynamic forces and fluxes for both the driver process (electrical energy) and the driven process (cooling) are identified for pulse tube cryocoolers and the phenomenological relations characterizing the Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerator (OPTR) is found to be nonlinear. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razani, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1527 EP 1535 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900188 ER PT S AU Wang, G Hu, DW AF Wang, G Hu, DW BE Yin, FL Wang, J Guo, CG TI The existence of spurious equilibrium in FastICA SO ADVANCES IN NEURAL NETWORKS - ISNN 2004, PT 1 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISSN 2004) CY AUG 19-21, 2004 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Dalian Univ Technol, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Robot & Automat Soc ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ALGORITHM AB FastICA is a fast fixed-point algorithm proposed by Hyvarinen for Independent Component Analysis (ICA). For the outstanding performance such as fast convergence and robustness, it is now one of the most popular estimate methods. The existence of spurious equilibrium in FastICA is addressed in this paper, which comes from its applications in Blind Source Separation (BSS). Two issues are involved. The first is on the object function and the second is about the fixed-point algorithm, an approximate Newton's method. Analysis shows the existence of spurious equilibrium, which is the singular point introduced during the algorithm's derivation. Experimental results show the estimates of spurious equilibria, and improvements are proposed by revising the convergence condition. C1 Natl Univ Def Technol, Dept Automat Control, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China. Engn Univ, USAF, Telecomm Engn Inst, Xian 710077, Shanxi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Natl Univ Def Technol, Dept Automat Control, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM dhu@nudt.edu.cn RI Hu, Dewen/D-1978-2015 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22841-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3173 BP 708 EP 713 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAT64 UT WOS:000223492600116 ER PT S AU Howlett, T Robertson, MA Manthey, D Krol, J AF Howlett, T Robertson, MA Manthey, D Krol, J BE Andraitis, AA Leygraaf, GJ TI Annotation of UAV surveillance video SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Raconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE UAV video surveillance; image and video annotation; motion imagery exploitation; KLV metadata; object tacking AB Significant progress toward the development of a video annotation capability is presented in this paper. Research and development of an object tracking algorithm applicable for UAV video is described. Object tracking is necessary for attaching the annotations to the objects of interest. A methodology and format is defined for encoding video annotations using the SMPTE Key-Length-Value encoding standard. This provides the following benefits: a non-destructive annotation, compliance with existing standards, video playback in systems that are not annotation enabled and support for a real-time implementation. A model real-time video annotation system is also presented, at a high level, using the MPEG-2 Transport Stream as the transmission medium. This work was accomplished to meet the Department of Defense's (DoD's) need for a video annotation capability. Current practices for creating annotated products are to capture a still image frame, annotate it using an Electric Light Table application, and then pass the annotated image on as a product. That is not adequate for reporting or downstream cueing. It is too slow and there is a severe loss of information. This paper describes a capability for annotating directly on the video. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, IFEC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Howlett, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, IFEC, 32 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5332-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5409 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.542427 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX89 UT WOS:000224144900019 ER PT S AU Felde, GW Anderson, GP Gardner, JA Adler-Golden, SM Matthew, MW Berk, A AF Felde, GW Anderson, GP Gardner, JA Adler-Golden, SM Matthew, MW Berk, A BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Water vapor retrieval using the FLAASH atmospheric correction algorithm SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; atmospheric correction; water vapor retrieval; FLAASH ID MODIS AB FLAASH (Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes) is a first-principles atmospheric correction algorithm for visible to shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral data. The algorithm consists of two main steps. The first is retrieval of atmospheric parameters, visibility (which is related to the aerosol type and distribution) and column water vapor. The second step is solving the radiation transport equation for the given aerosol and column water and transformation to surface reflectance. The focus of this paper is on the FLAASH water vapor retrieval algorithm. Modeled radiance values in the spectral region of one water vapor absorption feature are calculated from MODTRAN 4 using several different water vapor amounts and are used to generate a Look-Up Table (LUT). The water band typically used is 1130 nm but either the 940 or 820 nm band may also be used. Measured radiance values are compared to the LUT to determine the column water vapor amount for each pixel in the scene. We compare the results of water retrievals for each of these bands and also the results of their corresponding reflectance retrievals. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Felde, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1117/12.542513 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600035 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK Lewis, TL LaRue, JP Shaw, AK AF Mitra, AK Lewis, TL LaRue, JP Shaw, AK BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Ultra-wideband radar target detection for sloped and diffuse scattering environments SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; synthetic aperture radar; target detection; diffuse scattering AB This paper extends simulation and target detection results from an investigation entitled "Self-Training Algorithms for Ultra-wideband SAR Target Detection" that was conducted last year and presented at the 2003 SPIE Aerosense Conference on "Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery." Under this approach, simulated SAR impulse clutter data was generated by modulating a tophat model for the SAR video phase history with K-distributed data models. Targets were synthesized and "instanced" within the SAR image via the application of a dihedral model to represent broadside targets. For this paper, these models are extended and generalized by developing a set of models that approximate major scattering mechanisms due to terrain relief and approximate major scattering mechanisms due to scattering from off-angle targets. Off-angle targets are difficult to detect at typical ultra-wideband radar frequencies and are denoted as "diffuse scatterers." Potential approaches for detecting synthetic off-angle targets that demonstrate this type of "diffuse scattering" are developed and described in the algorithms and results section of the paper. A preliminary set of analysis outputs are presented with synthetic data from the resulting simulation testbed. C1 SNRR, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), SNRR, AFRL, Bldg 62o,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atindra.mitra@wpaf.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.543844 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100015 ER PT S AU Naidu, K Lin, L AF Naidu, K Lin, L BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Data Dome: Full k-space sampling data for high frequency radar research SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE visual-D; challenge problems; optical-quality SAR images AB Visual-D is a 2004 DARPA/IXO seedling effort that would develop a capability for reliable high confidence ID from standoff ranges. Being able to form optical-quality SAR images (exploiting full polarization, wide angle, etc) would key evidence that such a capability is achievable. The seedling team produced a public release data set and associated challenge problems to support community research in this area. The premise of this paper is to describe the full data set and 3 associated challenge problems that are defined over interesting subsets of the full data set. C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naidu, K (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.548773 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100019 ER PT S AU Blasch, EP Hensel, M Jackson, J AF Blasch, EP Hensel, M Jackson, J BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Radar clutter modeling for change detection SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE fusion; distributions; clutter model; change detection ID RAYLEIGH SEA CLUTTER AB To recognize an object in an image, an algorithm must identify not only the object pixels, but also non-object clutter pixels. Non-object pixels can be assessed with a priori clutter models that account for the varying terrain and cultural objects. Radar clutter models have been well developed; however, these models typically incorporate a single distribution to capture background effects. In this paper, we propose to use a fusion of distributions through mixture modeling to characterize various background clutter information so as to more accurately develop a clutter model useful for object recognition. In a radar example, we show a fused-distribution using a Rayleigh and Pareto model describing the average and heavy tail clutter characteristics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Blasch, EP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2 Jacobs Sverdrup, Dayton, OH USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1117/12.542857 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100027 ER PT S AU Musick, SH Sherwood, JU Piatt, TL Carlson, NA AF Musick, SH Sherwood, JU Piatt, TL Carlson, NA BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI A simulation system for feature-aided tracking research SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE feature aiding; tracking; radar signatures; target database; report association AB Many years of tracking research have shown that the greatest obstacle to effective track estimation is accurately associating sensor kinematic reports to known tracks, new tracks, or clutter. Errors in report association occur more frequently under increasingly stressful conditions, like closely-spaced targets and low measurement rates, which can lead to unstable and even divergent tracking performance. It is widely expected that adding target features will aid report association and result in enhanced track accuracy and lengthened track life. Although sensors can provide features to enhance association, progress in implementing feature aiding has been slowed by the lack of data and tools that could assist exploration and algorithm development. To encourage research in this important discipline, the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/SN) is sponsoring a challenge problem called Feature-Aided Tracking of Stop-move Objects (FATSO). FATSO's long-range goal is to provide a full suite of public data and software to promote explorations into viable methods of feature aiding. This paper introduces the FATSO project, focusing on an upcoming release that will contain data from a diverse target set and predictor software for generating radar signatures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Musick, SH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1117/12.548005 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100030 ER PT S AU Ross, TD Minardi, ME AF Ross, TD Minardi, ME BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Discrimination and confidence error in detector reported scores SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; detection; performance assessment; evaluation; confidence; cross-entropy; ROC ID SPEECH RECOGNITION AB A decision system may compute a score that reflects its confidence in one of its decisions. This paper considers methods for evaluating such scores. There is a class of measures-of-performance (MOPS) for each of the score's two roles discrimination (how well it separates targets and clutter) and confidence (how well it predicts its own accuracy). Area-under-the-ROC and probability of error are considered as discrimination MOPs. Error in the posterior (EP) and normalized cross entropy (NCE) are considered as confidence MOPS. MOPS for the scores are assessed using Monte Carlo simulations where known score distributions are sampled, allowing comparison of true and estimated MOPS. Classical data-direct ROC estimates are found to be equivalent to those based on explicit distribution estimation using probability mass functions (pmfs). An alternative distribution estimation based on histograms is recommended for empirical ROCs, being accurate and avoiding, the unnatural stair-step character of data-direct ROCs. Confidence MOPs are more difficult to estimate than discrimination MOPS and NCE estimates are especially poor. EP may be meaningfully estimated through histogram density estimates and it is recommended as a replacement for the AdaptSAPS binned EP confidence MOP. C1 SNAR, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), SNAR, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.ross@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.542161 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100033 ER PT S AU Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD AF Parker, DR Gustafson, SC Ross, TD BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Integrated receiver operating characteristic and confidence error metrics for assessing the performance of automatic target recognition systems SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE automatic target recognition; receiver operating characteristic AB The ability of certain performance metrics to quantify, how well target recognition systems under test (SUT) can correctly identify, targets and non-targets is investigated. The SUT assigns a score between zero and one which indicates the predicted probability of a target. Sampled target and non-target SUT score outputs are generated using representative sets of Beta probability densities. Two performance metrics, Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AURC) and Confidence Error (CE) are analyzed. AURC quantifies how well the target and non-target distributions are separated, and CE quantifies the statistical accuracy of each assigned score. CE and AURC are generated for many representative sets of beta-distributed scores, and the metrics are calculated and compared using continuous methods as well as discrete (sampling) methods. Close agreement in results with these methods for AURC is shown. Also shown are differences between calculating CE using sampled data and calculating CE using continuous distributions. These differences are due to the collection of similar sampled scores in bins, which results in CE weighting proportional to the sum of target and non-target scores in each bin. A method for an alternative weighted CE calculation using maximum likelihood estimation of density parameters is identified. This method enables sampled data to be processed using continuous methods. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parker, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 354 EP 365 DI 10.1117/12.542118 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100034 ER PT S AU Wise, AR Fitzgerald, D Ross, TD AF Wise, AR Fitzgerald, D Ross, TD BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI The adaptive SAR ATR problem set (AdaptSAPS) SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE problem set; adaptive systems; ATR; SAR AB A strong and growing interest in systems that adapt to changing circumstances was evident in panel discussions at the "Algorithms for SAR Imagery" Conference of the AeroSense Symposium in April 2003, with DARPA, Air Force, industry and academia participation. As a result, Conference Co-Chair Mr. Ed Zelnio suggested producing a dynamic model to create problem sets suitable for adaptive system research and development. Such a problem set provides a framework for the overall problem, including organization of operating conditions, performance measures and specific test cases. It is hoped that this AdaptSAPS framework will help provide the community with a more concrete base for discussing adaptation in SAR imagery exploitation. AdaptSAPS Version 1.0 was produced by the AFRL COMPASE and SDMS organizations and posted on 5 August 2003. AdaptSAPS consists of over a dozen MatLab programs that allow the user to create "missions' with SAR data of varying complexities and then present that test data one image at a time, first as unexploited imagery and then later with the exploitation results that an ATR could use for adaptation in an operational environment. AdaptSAPS keeps track of performance results and reports performance measures. This paper describes AdaptSAPS - its application process and possible improvements as a problem set. C1 Jacobs Sverdrup ASG, COMPASE Ctr, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wise, AR (reprint author), Jacobs Sverdrup ASG, COMPASE Ctr, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 366 EP 375 DI 10.1117/12.542131 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100035 ER PT S AU Ross, TD AF Ross, TD BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI ATR theory issues SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; theory; performance prediction; classifier design; patterns; function decomposition AB Issues in ATR Theory emerge by considering three levels of the ATR problem. The term "monolithic architecture (MA)-ATR" is used for problems of standard classification theory. The MA-ATR level has seen recent unification of theories that should be aggressively applied. Modern ATR systems include standard classification theoretic subsystems (e.g., feature extraction, matching, and discrimination); however they also add modeling within a search paradigm. These "aggregate architecture (AA)-ATRs" allow more direct inclusion of application-specific prior (non-sample) knowledge. Greater theoretical support is needed for analyzing AA-ATRs at the system level and integrating the strong MA-ATR theories. The third level of the ATR problem returns to the MA-ATR problem and below. The strongest elements of the MA-ATR theories deal with the stochastic aspects of the ATR problem. Structural aspects of ATRs are an important weak link in the MA-ATR theories. Function decomposition provides an "atom" towards a structural theory. Decomposition provides robustness by constructing the MA-ATR's structure from samples, but is intractable. Standard MA-ATR design is tractable, but is brittle because of an ad hoc structure selection. The key issue in either case is to make explicit use of non-sample (typically structural) knowledge in selecting or, better yet, constructing the MAATR's structure. C1 SNAR, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), SNAR, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 459 EP 470 DI 10.1117/12.555520 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100044 ER PT J AU Hayashi, PH Harrison, SA Torgerson, S Perez, TA Nochajski, T Russell, M AF Hayashi, PH Harrison, SA Torgerson, S Perez, TA Nochajski, T Russell, M TI Cognitive lifetime drinking history in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Some cases may be alcohol related SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS; GENERAL-POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; STEATOHEPATITIS; OBESITY; RELIABILITY; DIONYSOS; STUDY/ AB OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the prevalence of significant alcohol intake in previously diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) patients. METHODS: We measured current and total lifetime alcohol intake (TLAI) in biopsy-proven NAFL patients using the cognitive lifetime drinking history (CLDH), a computerized questionnaire. One nurse administered the CLDH without physician presence. Physicians took alcohol histories prior to any knowledge of this study. Advanced and nonadvanced fibrosis patients were tested. A single pathologist (ST) scored all biopsies (inflammation 0-6; fibrosis 0-4). RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (11 men) were studied. Thirteen had bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. [mean age: 52.3 yr (range 28-69); mean body mass index (BMI): 37 kg/m(2) (range 27-48.6)]. All but three had hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and/or hypertension. Mean TLAI was 60.2 kg (range 0.17-471.7), but three patients were above 100 kg (threshold for cirrhosis risk) at 305.5, 336.7, and 471.7. These three had inflammation/fibrosis scores of 3/3, 3/0, and 5/2, respectively. Those with >100 kg tended to have higher serum AST and inflammation score. Prior physician-obtained alcohol history determined less than or equal to20 g/day for all patients and did not mention TLAI in any. CLDH confirmed less than or equal to20 g/day current alcohol intake in 21 of 23 patients, but intakes were 30.2 g/day and 41.2 g/day in two. CONCLUSIONS: Some NAFL patients may have alcohol fatty liver disease instead. Routine physician interviews obtain less accurate alcohol histories compared to CLDH. The clinical significance of past alcohol intake and methods of measuring alcohol ingestion in fatty liver patients deserves further investigation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Sect, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. Res Inst Addict, Buffalo, NY USA. Prevent Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hayashi, PH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 4200 E 9th Ave,B-154, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 99 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1046/j.1572-0241.2003.04013.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 763AV UT WOS:000188047200016 PM 14687145 ER PT J AU Mustafa, SB DiGeronimo, RJ Petershack, JA Alcorn, JL Seidner, SR AF Mustafa, SB DiGeronimo, RJ Petershack, JA Alcorn, JL Seidner, SR TI Postnatal glucocorticoids induce alpha-ENaC formation and regulate glucocorticoid receptors in the preterm rabbit lung SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Thoracic-Society CY 2001 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Thorac Soc DE epithelial sodium channels; respiratory distress syndrome ID EPITHELIAL SODIUM-CHANNEL; FETAL-RAT LUNG; MESSENGER-RNA; NA+ CHANNEL; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; ION-TRANSPORT; DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY; SUBUNIT EXPRESSION; PERINATAL LUNG; LIQUID AB At birth, lung fluid clearance is coupled to Na+ transport through epithelial Na+ channels ( ENaC) in the distal lung epithelium. We evaluated the effect of postnatal glucocorticoids ( GC) on lung alpha-ENaC expression in preterm 29-day gestational age (GA) fetal rabbits. Postnatal treatment of 29-day GA fetuses with 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone (Dex) iv resulted in a 2- and 22-fold increase in lung alpha-ENaC mRNA expression compared with saline-treated fetuses after 8 and 16 h, respectively. Lung alpha-ENaC protein levels in Dex-treated fetuses were also elevated compared with saline-treated counterparts. The extravascular lung water ( EVLW)/dry lung tissue weight ratios of 29-day GA fetuses treated with either saline or Dex decreased over 24 h compared with that observed at birth; however, at 24 h, the EVLW/ dry lung tissue weight ratios of saline- and Dex-treated fetuses were similar. Dex-induced alpha-ENaC mRNA and protein levels were attenuated by glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) antagonist RU-486 in fetal distal lung epithelial cells isolated from 29-day GA fetuses, indicating that GC-dependent augmentation of lung alpha-ENaC requires the presence of functional GCR. Lung GCR mRNA expression and protein levels were elevated in 29-day GA fetuses compared with fetuses at earlier GA. Exposure of 29-day GA fetuses to Dex for 16 h caused a 2.1-fold increase in lung GCR mRNA expression, but GCR protein levels were decreased in Dex-treated fetuses after 24 h. We conclude that postnatal treatment of preterm 29-day GA fetal rabbits with GC results in an elevation of lung alpha-ENaC accompanied by an autoregulation of pulmonary GCR. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mustafa, SB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 286 IS 1 BP L73 EP L80 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00342.2002 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 750GY UT WOS:000186984000009 PM 12948937 ER PT J AU Jamison, JF Burkhart, SS Richards, DP Campbell, SE AF Jamison, JF Burkhart, SS Richards, DP Campbell, SE TI Can we predict the shape of rotator cuff tears with MR imaging? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Inst Bone & Joint Disorders, Phoenix, AZ USA. San Antonio Orthoped Grp, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100223 ER PT J AU Kirby, AB Cyriac, D Ly, JQ Edmonds, LD Beall, DP AF Kirby, AB Cyriac, D Ly, JQ Edmonds, LD Beall, DP TI The role and findings of MR imaging of golf injuries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100407 ER PT J AU Reed, CM Ly, JQ Beall, DP AF Reed, CM Ly, JQ Beall, DP TI The role of MR imaging in the evaluation of the hand mass: MR imaging/histopathological correlation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100408 ER PT J AU Ritchie, ER Campbell, SE Beall, DP Tran, HN Ingari, JV AF Ritchie, ER Campbell, SE Beall, DP Tran, HN Ingari, JV TI MR imaging of the flexor carpi radialis tendon after full thickness harvest: Evidence of spontaneous tendon regeneration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 SU S BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 808UD UT WOS:000220593100499 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ LaGatta, LM Beall, DP AF Ly, JQ LaGatta, LM Beall, DP TI Calcaneal chondroblastoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jly15544@hotmail.com NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 182 IS 1 BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 767WB UT WOS:000188495900032 PM 14684525 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT AF Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT TI Anatomy of and abnormalities associated with Kager's fat pad SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Div Radiol Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 182 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 767WB UT WOS:000188495900036 PM 14684529 ER PT J AU Banks, KP Lisanti, CJ AF Banks, KP Lisanti, CJ TI Incidental finding of a lipomatous lesion involving the myocardium of the left ventricular wall SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Banks, KP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 182 IS 1 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 767WB UT WOS:000188495900064 PM 14684553 ER PT J AU Unangst, ET Wunder, BA AF Unangst, ET Wunder, BA TI Effect of supplemental high-fat forage on body composition in wild meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SMALL RODENT POPULATIONS; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; FLUORESCENT PIGMENTS; SMALL MAMMALS; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; PRAIRIE VOLES; EXTRA FOOD; OCHROGASTER; LEUCOPUS AB We evaluated the effect of dietary fat on body fat of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in the field after a 6-wk supplemental feeding period with a 25% dietary-fat food. The initial 3-wk period showed no difference in body composition, but, after 6-wk, 33% of captures showed body fat exceeding 10%, levels atypical of wild populations. Fattening levels found with supplemental food were similar to body fat levels seen in lab-reared or wild animals removed and kept under lab conditions. Our results suggest that the lean body composition found in wild populations is influenced strongly by high-fiber and low dietary-fat forage, along with other environmental constraints. When provided easily available and abundant high dietary-fat food in the wild, a higher percentage of individuals increased body fat to levels rarely seen under natural conditions. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80538 USA. RP Unangst, ET (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM tom.unangst@usafa.af.mil NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0146:EOSHFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766KX UT WOS:000188376500014 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Boatz, JA Vij, A Vij, V Gerken, M Schneider, S Schroer, T Yousufuddin, M Christe, KO AF Haiges, R Boatz, JA Vij, A Vij, V Gerken, M Schneider, S Schroer, T Yousufuddin, M Christe, KO TI Polyazide chemistry: Preparation and characterization of As(N(3))(5), Sb(N(3))(5), and IP(C(6)H(5))(4)] [Sb(N(3))(6)] SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID BASIS-SETS; ANTIMONY AZIDE; COMPUTATION; DIAZIDES; 1ST-ROW; ATOMS; ION; SB C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Space & Missile Prop Div, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Haiges, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiges@usc.edu; kchriste@usc.edu RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 35 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 48 BP 6676 EP 6680 DI 10.1002/anie.200461730 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 881LV UT WOS:000225869900016 PM 15593158 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Svalgaard, L Ling, AG AF Cliver, EW Svalgaard, L Ling, AG TI Origins of the semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity in 1954 and 1996 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetosphere; solar wind; magnetosphere interactions; storms and substorms ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; WHOLE SUN MONTH; SOLAR-WIND; DST; POLARITY; MINIMUM; CYCLE AB We investigate the cause of the unusually strong semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity observed in the solar minimum years of 1954 and 1996. For 1996 we separate the contributions of the three classical modulation mechanisms (axial, equinoctial, and Russell-McPherron) to the six-month wave in the aa(m) index and find that all three contribute about equally. This is in contrast to the longer run of geomagnetic activity (1868-1998) over which the equinoctial effect accounts for similar to70% of the semiannual variation. For both 1954 and 1996, we show that the Russell-McPherron effect was enhanced by the Rosenberg-Coleman effect (an axial polarity effect) which increased the amount of the negative (toward Sun) [positive (away from Sun)] polarity field observed during the first [second] half of the year; such fields yield a southward component in GSM coordinates. Because. this favourable condition occurs only for alternate solar cycles, the marked semiannual variation in 1954 and 1996 is a manifestation of the 22-year cycle of geomagnetic activity. The 11-year evolution of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) also contributes to the strong six-month wave during these years. At solar minimum, the streamer belt at the base of the HCS is located near the solar equator, permitting easier access to high speed streams from polar coronal holes when the Earth is at its highest heliographic latitudes in March and September. Such an axial variation in solar wind speed was observed for 1996 and is inferred for 1954. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Dirctorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Easy Tool Kit Inc, Houston, TX 77055 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Dirctorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM cliver@plh.af.mil NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 779BX UT WOS:000189276700008 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF AF Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF TI Dayside aurora and the role of IMF vertical bar B-y vertical bar/vertical bar B-z vertical bar: Detailed morphology and response to magnetopause reconnection SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena magnetopause, cusp; and boundary layers : solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; ionosphere; particle precipitation ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOBE CELL CONVECTION; IONOSPHERIC SIGNATURES; ALIGNED CURRENTS; LOW-ALTITUDE; EQUATORWARD BOUNDARY; CUSP; MAGNETOSHEATH AB We document the detailed spatio-temporal structure of the dayside aurora during intervals of ongoing dayside magnetopause reconnection, primarily during interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B(z)less than or equal to0 conditions. The present study is based on ground auroral observations in combination with particle precipitation data from a DMSP spacecraft. We describe aurora] forms corresponding to the following particle precipitation regimes identified by Newell and Meng (1994): (i) central plasma sheet (CPS), (ii) precipitation void. (iii) dayside boundary plasma sheet (BPS), and (iv) cusp (LLBL/cusp/mantle). Two distinctly different auroral configurations are observed, corresponding to different regimes of the IMF clock angle (theta) and the \B-y\/\B-z\ ratio. Two regimes are defined. In regime (1) 0 lies within similar to 90-135degrees and \B-y\/\B-z\>1 (B-y-dominated), while in regime (II) theta is in the range 135degrees-180degrees and \B-y\/\B-z\ < 1 (B-z-dominated). Within regime (I) the auroral response to reconnection events typically progresses from lower to higher latitudes in stages as indicated below: (A) equatorward boundary intensifications (EBIs): sequential brightenings of closely spaced, fragmented, rayed bands (BPS aurora) within the similar to08:00-15:00 MLT sector, each of which are moving noonward/sunward, (B) poleward moving aurora] forms (PMAFs): forms expanding westward from the postnoon side (B-y>0) and later appearing as a poleward expanding form in the convection throat in the similar to09:00-12:00 MLT sector, with a fading phase in the regime of mantle precipitation. During strongly southward IMF conditions (regime II), the intense PMAF activity is replaced by a more latitudinally restricted, but longitudinally wide aurora of moderate intensity. The latter auroral state is accompanied by a 2-cell convection pattern which is rather symmetrical about noon. This state is very different from the convection/FAC configuration present during IMF regime (I), with its strong zonal flows (convection current), more intense FAC sheets and PMAF activity in the midday sector. The strong IMF regulation of the dayside BPS aurora, consisting of keV electrons, and its location with respect to the green line auroral gap (precipitation void), indicate that it is an important signature of the reconnection process, located on open boundary layer field lines. The observed longitudinal bifurcation of the auroral brightenings (EBIs) preceding PMAFs is consistent with antiparallel magnetopause reconnection. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, Oslo, Norway. EM p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no NR 56 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 613 EP 628 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400021 ER PT J AU Pryse, SE Sims, RW Moen, J Kersley, L Lorentzen, D Denig, WF AF Pryse, SE Sims, RW Moen, J Kersley, L Lorentzen, D Denig, WF TI Evidence for solar-production as a source of polar-cap plasma SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; polar ionosphere; plasma temerature; plasma convection ID F-REGION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PATCHES; IONOSPHERE; ORIGIN; SONDRESTROM; CUSP AB ne focus of the study is a region of enhanced ionospheric densities observed by the EISCAT Svalbard radar in the polar F-region near local magnetic noon under conditions of IMF B-z <0. Multi-instrument observations, using optical, spacecraft and radar instrumentation, together with radio tomographic imaging, have been used to identify the source of the enhancement and establish the background ionospheric conditions. Soft-particle precipitation was ruled out as a candidate for the production. Tomographic observations identified a latitudinally restricted region of enhanced densities at sub-auroral latitudes, distinct from the normal mid-latitude ionosphere, which was likely to be the source. The evidence suggested that the increased sub-auroral densities were photoionisation produced at the equatorward edcye of the afternoon high-latitude cell, where the plasma is exposed to sunlight for an extended period as it flows slowly sunward toward magnetic noon. It is proposed that this plasma. once in the noon sector, was drawn antisunward by the high-latitude convection toward polar latitudes where it was identified by the EISCAT Svalbard radar. The observations are discussed in terms of earlier modelling studies of polar patch densities. C1 Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Ceredigion, Wales. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Norway. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Pryse, SE (reprint author), Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Ceredigion, Wales. EM sep@aber.ac.uk NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1093 EP 1102 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817TI UT WOS:000221199400003 ER PT J AU Moen, J Lockwood, M Oksavik, K Carlson, HC Denig, WF van Eyken, AP McCrea, IW AF Moen, J Lockwood, M Oksavik, K Carlson, HC Denig, WF van Eyken, AP McCrea, IW TI The dynamics and relationships of precipitation, temperature and convection boundaries in the dayside auroral ionosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; particle precipitation; plasma convection; plasma temperature and density ID POLAR-CAP BOUNDARY; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; CUSP ION PRECIPITATION; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; PULSED RECONNECTION; F-REGION; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; ENERGETIC PARTICLES AB A continuous band of high ion temperature, which persisted for about 8 h and zigzagged north-south across more than five degrees in latitude in the dayside (07:00-15:00 MLT) auroral ionosphere, was observed by the EISCAT VHF radar on 23 November 1999. Latitudinal gradients in the temperature of the F-region electron and ion gases (T, and T-i, respectively) have been compared with concurrent observations of particle precipitation and field-perpendicular convection by DMSP satellites, in order to reveal a physical explanation for the persistent band of high T-i, and to test the potential role of T-i and T-e gradients as possible markers for the open-closed field line boundary. The north/south movement of the equatorward T-i boundary was found to be consistent with the contraction/expansion of the polar cap due to an unbalanced dayside and nightside reconnection. Sporadic intensifications in T-i recurring on similar to10-min time scales, indicate that frictional heating was modulated by time-varying reconnection, and the band of high T-i was located on open flux. However, the equatorward T-i boundary was not found to be a close proxy of the open-closed boundary. The closest definable proxy of the open-closed boundary is the magnetosheath electron edge observed by DMSP. Although Te appears to be sensitive to magnetosheath electron fluxes, it is not found to be a suitable parameter for routine tracking of the open-closed boundary, as it involves case dependent analysis of the thermal balance. Finally, we have documented a region of newly-opened sunward convecting flux. This region is situated between the convection reversal boundary and the magnetosheath electron edge defining the open-closed boundary. This is consistent with a delay of several minutes between the arrival of the first (super-Alfvenic) magnetosheath electrons and the response in the ionospheric convection, conveyed to the ionosphere by the interior Alfven wave. It represents a candidate footprint of the low-latitude boundary mixing layer on sunward convecting open flux. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Norway. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USAF, Res Lab, AFOSR, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EISCAT Sci Assoc, Kiruna, Sweden. RP Moen, J (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM jmoen@fys.uio.no RI Lockwood, Mike/G-1030-2011; OI Lockwood, Mike/0000-0002-7397-2172; Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1973 EP 1987 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840DH UT WOS:000222836700010 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Ober, DM Siscoe, GL White, WW Siebert, KD Weimer, DR Erickson, GM Schoendorf, J Heinemann, MA AF Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Ober, DM Siscoe, GL White, WW Siebert, KD Weimer, DR Erickson, GM Schoendorf, J Heinemann, MA TI Observed and simulated depletion layers with southward IMF SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; (magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetosheath; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics) ID SOLAR-WIND; PLASMA DEPLETION; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSHEATH FLOW; MHD SIMULATIONS; CURRENT SYSTEM; HIGH-LATITUDE; POLAR; FIELD; CONVECTION AB We present observations from the Polar satellite that confirm the existence of two types of depletion layers predicted under southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions in magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The first depletion type occurs along the stagnation line when IMF B-X and/or dipole tilt are/is present. Magnetic merging occurred away from the equator (Maynard et al., 2003) and flux pile-ups developed while the field lines drape to the high-latitude merging sites. This high-shear type of depletion is consistent with the depletion layer model suggested by Zwan and Wolf (1976) for low-shear northward IMF conditions. Expected sites for depletion layers are associated with places where IMF tubes of force first impinge upon the magnetopause. The second depletion type develops poleward of the cusp. Under strongly driven conditions, magnetic fields from Region 1 current closure over the lobes (Siscoe et al., 2002c) cause the high-latitude magnetopause to bulge outward, creating a shoulder above the cusp. These shoulders present the initial obstacle with which the IMF interacts. Flow is impeded, causing local flux pile-ups and lowshear depletion layers to form poleward of the cusps. Merging at the high-shear dayside magnetopause is consequently delayed. In both low- and high-shear cases, we show that the depletion layer structure is part of a slow mode wave standing in front of the magnetopause. As suggested by Southwood and Kivelson (1995), the depletions are rarefactions on the magnetopause side of slow-mode density compressions. While highly sheared magnetic fields are often used as proxies for ongoing local magnetic merging, depletion layers are prohibited at merging locations. Therefore, the existence of a depletion layer is evidence that the location of merging must be remote relative to the observation. C1 ATK Mission Res, Nashua, NH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), ATK Mission Res, Nashua, NH USA. EM nmaynard@mrcnh.com RI Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013 OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2151 EP 2169 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840DH UT WOS:000222836700026 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Moen, J Burke, WJ Lester, M Ober, DM Scudder, JD Siebert, KD Weimer, DR Russe, CT Balogh, A AF Maynard, NC Moen, J Burke, WJ Lester, M Ober, DM Scudder, JD Siebert, KD Weimer, DR Russe, CT Balogh, A TI Temporal-spatial structure of magnetic merging at the magnetopause inferred from 557.7-nm all-sky images SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers ID HF-RADAR OBSERVATIONS; POLAR-CAP BOUNDARY; Z-VERTICAL-BAR; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERIC SASH; ELECTRIC-FIELD; AURORAL FORMS; SOLAR-WIND; CUSP AB We demonstrate that high-resolution 557.7-nm all-sky images are useful tools for investigating the spatial and temporal evolution of merging on the dayside magnetopause. Analysis of ground and satellite measurements leads us to conclude that high-latitude merging events can occur at multiple sites simultaneously and vary asynchronously on time scales of 30 s to 3 min. Variations of 557.7 nm emissions were observed at a 10 s cadence at Ny-Alesund on 19 December 2001, while significant changes in the IMF clock angle were reaching the magnetopause. The optical patterns are consistent with a scenario in which merging occurs around the rim of the high-latitude cusp at positions dictated by the IMF clock angle. Electrons energized at merging sites represent plausible sources for 557.7 nm emissions in the cusp. Polar observations at the magnetopause have directly linked enhanced fluxes of greater than or equal to0.5 keV electrons with merging. Spectra of electrons responsible for some of the emissions, measured during a DMSP F15 overflight, exhibit "inverted-V" features, indicating further acceleration above the ionosphere. SuperDARN spectral width boundaries, characteristic of open-closed field line transitions, are located at the equatorward edge of the 557.7 nm emissions. Optical data suggest that with IMF B-Y>0, the Northern Hemisphere cusp divides into three source regions. When the IMF clock angle was similar to150degrees structured 557.7-nm emissions came from east of the 13:00 MLT meridian. At larger clock angles the emissions appeared between 12:00 and 13:00 MLT. No significant 557.7-nm emissions were detected in the prenoon MLT sector. MHD simulations corroborate our scenario, showing that with the observed large dipole-tilt and IMF clock angles, merging sites develop near the front and eastern portions of the high-altitude cusp rim in the Northern Hemisphere and near the western part of the cusp rim in the Southern Hemisphere. C1 ATK Mission Res, Nashua, NH USA. Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. USAF, Res Lab, Hansom USAF, MA USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. RP ATK Mission Res, Nashua, NH USA. EM nmaynard@mrcnh.com RI Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013 OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630 NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2917 EP 2942 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862IJ UT WOS:000224483900023 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Huang, CY Gentile, LC Bauer, L AF Burke, WJ Huang, CY Gentile, LC Bauer, L TI Seasonal-longitudinal variability of equatorial plasma bubbles SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; electric fields and currents; equatorial ionosphere; plasma waves and instabilities ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SPREAD-F; IRREGULARITIES; DMSP; IONOSPHERE; ELECTRODYNAMICS; LAYER AB We compare seasonal and longitudinal distributions of more than 8300 equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) observed during a full solar cycle from 1989-2000 with predictions of two simple models. Both models are based on considerations of parameters that influence the linear growth rate, gammaRT, of the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the context Of finite windows of opportunity available during the prereversal enhancement near sunset. These parameters are the strength of the equatorial magnetic field, B-eq, and the angle alpha it makes with the dusk terminator line. The independence of alpha and B-eq from the solar cycle phase justifies our comparisons. We have sorted data acquired during more than 75 000 equatorial evening-sector passes of polar-orbiting Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites into 24 longitude and 12 one-month bins, each containing similar to250 samples. We show that: (1) in 44 out of 48 month-longitude bins EPB rates are largest within 30 days of when alpha = 0degrees; (2) unpredicted phase shifts and asymmetries appear in occurrence rates at the two times per year when alpha approximate to 0degrees; (3) While EPB occurrence rates vary inversely with B-eq, the relationships are very different in regions where B-eq is increasing and decreasing with longitude. Results (2) and (3) indicate that systematic forces not considered by the two models can become important. Damping by interhemispheric winds appears to be responsible for phase shifts in maximum rates of EPB occurrence from days when alpha = 0degrees. Low EPB occurrence rates found at eastern Pacific longitudes suggest that radiation belt electrons in the drift loss cone reduce gammaRT by enhancing E-layer Pedersen conductances. Finally, we analyze an EPB eve-it observed during a magnetic storm at a time and place where alpha approximate to -27degrees, to illustrate how electric-field penetration from high latitudes can overwhelm the damping effects of weak gradients in Pedersen conductance near dusk. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3089 EP 3098 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864NH UT WOS:000224639700003 ER PT J AU Reinisch, BW Abdu, M Batista, I Sales, GS Khmyrov, G Bullett, TA Chau, J Rios, V AF Reinisch, BW Abdu, M Batista, I Sales, GS Khmyrov, G Bullett, TA Chau, J Rios, V TI Multistation digisonde observations of equatorial spread F in South America SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; instruments and techniques ID ELECTRON-CONTENT; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; DEPLETIONS; IONOGRAMS; IONOSONDE AB Directional ionogram and F-region drift observations were conducted at seven digisonde stations in South America during the COPEX campaign from October to December 2002. Five stations in Brazil, one in Argentina, and one in Peru, monitored the ionosphere across the continent to study the onset and development of F-region density depletions that cause equatorial spread F (ESF). New ionosonde techniques quantitatively describe the prereversal uplifting of the F layer at the magnetic equator and the eastward motion of the depletions over the stations. Three of the Brazilian stations were located along a field line with a 350-km apex over the equator to investigate the relation of the occurrence of ESF and the presence of sporadic E-layers at the two E-region intersections of the field line. No simple correlation was found. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-51512202 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Inst Geofis Peru, Jicamarca Radio Observ, Lima 13, Peru. Univ Nacl Tucuman, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. RP Reinisch, BW (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 600 Suffolk St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Bodo_Reinisch@umi.edu RI Batista, Inez/F-2899-2012; Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013 OI Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892 NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3145 EP 3153 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864NH UT WOS:000224639700009 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF AF Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF TI Detailed dayside auroral morphology as a function of local time for southeast IMF orientation: implications for solar wind-magnetosphere coupling SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; magnetopause cusp and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; LOBE CELL CONVECTION; Z-VERTICAL-BAR; POLAR-CAP CONVECTION; B-Y; ALIGNED CURRENTS; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE AB In two case studies we elaborate on spatial and temporal structures of the dayside aurora within 08:00-16:00 magnetic local time (MLT) and discuss the relationship of this structure to solar wind-magnetosphere interconnection topology and the different stages of evolution of open field lines in the Dungey convection cycle. The detailed 2-D auroral morphology is obtained from continuous ground observations at Ny Alesund (76degrees magnetic latitude (MLAT)), Svalbard during two days when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is directed southeast (B-y>0; B-z<0). The autoral activity consists of the successive activations of the following forms: (i) latitudinally separated, sunward moving, arcs/bands of dayside boundary plasma sheet (BPS) origin, in the prenoon (08:00-11:00 MLT) and postnoon (12:0016:00 MLT) sectors, within 70-75degrees MLAT, (ii) poleward moving auroral forms (PMAFs) emanating from the pre- and postnoon brightening events, and (iii) a specific activity appearing in the 07:00-10:00 MLT/75-80degrees MLAT during the prevailing IMF B-y>0 conditions. The pre- and postnoon activations are separated by a region of strongly attenuated auroral activity/intensity within the 11:00-12:00 MLT sector, often referred to as the midday gap aurora. The latter aurora is attributed to the presence of component reconnection at the subsolar magnetopause where the stagnant magnetosheath flow lead to field-aligned currents (FACs) which are of only moderate intensity. The much more active and intense aurorae in the prenoon (07:00-11:00 MLT) and postnoon (12:0016:00 MLT) sectors originate in magnetopause reconnection events that are initiated well away from the subsolar point. The high-latitude auroral activity in the prenoon sector (feature iii) is found to be accompanied by a convection channel at the polar cap boundary. The associated ground magnetic deflection (DPY) is a Svalgaard-Mansurov effect. The convection channel is attributed to effective momentum transfer from the solar wind-magnetosphere dynamo in the high-latitude boundary layer (HBL), on the downstream side of the cusp. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Sandholt, PE (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. EM p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no NR 85 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3537 EP 3560 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 878JM UT WOS:000225643100018 ER PT S AU MacDonald, MA Armstrong, E Cain, S Cain, A AF MacDonald, MA Armstrong, E Cain, S Cain, A BE Tescher, AG TI Comparison of registration techniques for speckle suppression in 2D LADAR image sequences SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVII, PTS 1AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Int Telecommun Union, MPEG Ind Forum AB Registration of individual images remains a significant problem in the generation of accurate images collected using coherent imaging systems. An investigation of the performance of eight distinct image registration algorithms was conducted using data collected from a coherent optical imaging system developed by the Air Force Research Laboratories, Sensors Division, ARFL/SNJT. A total of 400 images of three distinct scenes were collected by SRJT and made available to the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) for this study. Scenery was collected at 3 and 10 kilometers of wheeled vehicles supporting resolution and uniform target boards. The algorithms under study were developed by scientists and engineers at AFRL, and had varying levels of performance in terms of image miss-registration and execution time. These eight algorithms were implemented on a general-purpose computer running the MATLAB simulation environment. The algorithms compared included: block-match, cross-correlation, cross-search, directional-search, gradient-based, hierarchical-block, three-step, and vector-block methods. It was found that the cross-correlation, gradient-based and vector-block search techniques typically had the lowest error metric. The vector-block and cross-correlation methods proved to have the fastest execution times, while not suffering significant error degradation when estimating the registration shift of the test images. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP MacDonald, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5496-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5558 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.560283 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ02 UT WOS:000225713700021 ER PT S AU Cain, S AF Cain, S BE Tescher, AG TI Deconvolution of laser pulse profiles from 3D LADAR temporal returns SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVII, PTS 1AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Int Telecommun Union, MPEG Ind Forum AB 3-D imaging LADAR systems that are capable of rapid frame acquisition may suffer from a loss of range resolution due to the duration of the pulse transmitted to the target. Because of the tradeoff between the requirement to produce sufficient illumination and the desire to obtain high range resolution, these systems may sacrifice range resolution in favor of improved signal to noise ratio of the detected signal. In this paper, deconvolution techniques are employed in order to obtain improved range resolution from a sequence of laser radar return images collected at extremely high speeds. The study pursued in this paper explores the degree to which range resolution can be improved in the presence of photon and speckle noise. Noise amplification in the deconvolution process serves to degrade the signal to noise ratio of the reconstructed laser radar return images. The performance of the reconstruction algorithm is quantified through the estimation of the probability of detection. It will be shown that both the probability of detection and range resolution can be improved in imaging laser radar systems. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5496-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5558 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1117/12.560287 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ02 UT WOS:000225713700022 ER PT S AU Hench, DL Topiwala, PN Xiong, Z AF Hench, DL Topiwala, PN Xiong, Z BE Tescher, AG TI Channel adaptive video compression for unmanned aerial vehicles SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVII, PTS 1AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Int Telecommun Union, MPEG Ind Forum DE Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Advanced Video Codec; H.264; transrating; channel estimation; MSTFP AB We examine various issues related to demonstrating real-time channel adaptive video communications for UAVs using the latest-generation H.264 video compression technology. These issues include among others: real-time channel estimation techniques, real-time data rate adaptation techniques in H.264/AVC, latency in encoding, current encoding speeds, transcoding, and scalable video developments in H.264, all as essential steps along the way. These demonstrations will be conducted in a communication laboratory and a limited operational testing environment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Hench, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5496-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5558 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1117/12.564458 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ02 UT WOS:000225713700045 ER PT J AU Markham, JR Bush, PM Bonzani, PJ Scire, JJ Zaccardi, VA Jalbert, PA Bryant, MD Gardner, DG AF Markham, JR Bush, PM Bonzani, PJ Scire, JJ Zaccardi, VA Jalbert, PA Bryant, MD Gardner, DG TI Integrated gas analyzer for complete monitoring of turbine engine test cells SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR sensor; oxygen sensor; turbine engines ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EXHAUST; OXYGEN AB Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is proving to be reliable and economical for the quantification of many gas-phase species during testing and development of gas turbine engines in ground-based facilities such as sea-level test cells and altitude test cells. FT-IR measurement applications include engine-generated exhaust gases, facility air provided as input to engines, and ambient air in and around test cells. Potentially, the traditionally used assembly of many gas-specific single gas analyzers will be eliminated. However, the quest for a single instrument capable of complete gas-phase monitoring at turbine engine test cells has previously suffered since the FT-IR method cannot measure infrared-inactive oxygen molecules, a key operational gas to both air-breathing propulsion systems and test cell personnel. To further the quest, the FT-IR sensor used for the measurements presented in this article was modified by integration of a miniature, solid-state electrochemical oxygen sensor. Embedded in the FT-IR unit at a location near the long-effective-optical-path-length gas sampling cell, the amperometric oxygen sensor provides simultaneous, complementary information to the wealth of spectroscopic data provided by the FT-IR method. C1 Adv Fuel Res Inc, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. Jacobs Sverdrup, AEDC Grp, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Markham, JR (reprint author), Adv Fuel Res Inc, 87 Church St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM jim@AFRinc.com NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 1 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1366/000370204322729568 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 762BM UT WOS:000187950400020 PM 14727730 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, F Glawe, DD Naik, RR Hallinan, KP Stone, MO AF Rodriguez, F Glawe, DD Naik, RR Hallinan, KP Stone, MO BE Wong, JY Plant, AL Schmidt, CE Shea, L Coury, AJ Chen, CS Barron, AE Klok, HA Saltzman, WM Chilkoti,A Luo, D Uhrich, K TI Electrostatic and hydrodynamic fields influence on in vitro polycationic peptide-mediated silica biomineralization SO ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Architecture and Application of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA AB The ability to physically influence polycationic peptide-mediated biosilicification morphologies to create 2- and 3-D silica networks is demonstrated. Overall silica morphologies are shown to differ from the clustered sphere-like dispersed network normally obtained in vitro (Figure 1a). Two forms of external force fields -electrostatic and hydrodynamic, were imposed on the biosilicification reaction. These findings suggest that future development of bio-inspired 2-D and 3-D silica-based micro/nano-composite materials is possible. For example, silica-based micro/nano-composite materials formed using precisely controlled external force fields could lead to the directed deposition of silica. where size and morphologies are controlled in situ. resulting in materials with unique properties. C1 USAF, Mat Directorate, Air Force Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Rodriguez, F (reprint author), USAF, Mat Directorate, Air Force Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-745-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 1 BP 261 EP 263 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAB22 UT WOS:000221434200054 ER PT S AU Lovell, TA Tragesser, SG AF Lovell, TA Tragesser, SG BE Belbruno, E Folta, D Gurfil, P TI Near-optimal reconfiguration and maintenance of close spacecraft formations SO ASTRODYNAMICS, SPACE MISSIONS, AND CHAOS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY JAN 20-22, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Analyt Graph Inc, Space Studies Inst, Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Innovat Orbital Design Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Hale & Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY Chapter HO Univ Maryland DE astrodynamics; orbital mechanics; relative satellite motion AB This paper investigates orbit guidance algorithms for formation flying experiments. The relative motion of one satellite about a reference satellite is formulated in terms of a set of parameters that clearly describe the size, shape, and orientation of the formation. A nominal three-impulse burn maneuver algorithm is presented that is applicable for both reconfiguration and maintenance of spacecraft formations. Two methods of implementing the algorithm are discussed, one involving fixed times between each burn and one allowing the wait times to vary. The implications of employing four or more impulses for maneuvers are assessed. Examples applying the algorithm to various formation scenarios are presented, along with practical implications of each result. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lovell, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM thomas.lovell@kirtland.af.mil RI Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-512-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1017 BP 158 EP 176 DI 10.1196/annals.1311.010 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAN58 UT WOS:000222978400010 PM 15220146 ER PT J AU Engelke, CW Kraemer, KE Price, SD AF Engelke, CW Kraemer, KE Price, SD TI A uniform database of 2.2-16.5 micron spectra from the ISOCAM CVF spectrometer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE infrared : general; methods : data analysis ID IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; IRAS SOURCES; MIDINFRARED SPECTRUM; ANGULAR EXPANSION; DUST; CLASSIFICATION; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; DISTANCE AB We present all ISOCAM circular variable filter (CVF) spectra that cover more than one-third of the 2.2-16.5 mum spectral range of the instrument. The 364 spectra have been classified according to the classification system of Kraemer et al., as modified by Hodge et al. to account for the shorter wavelength range. Prior to classification, the spectra were processed and recalibrated to create a uniform database. Aperture photometry was performed at each wavelength centered on the brightest position in each image field and the various spectral segments merged into a single spectrum. The aperture was the same for all scale sizes of the images. Since this procedure differs fundamentally from that used in the initial ISOCAM calibration, a recalibration of the spectral response of the instrument was required for the aperture photometry. The recalibrated spectra and the software used to create them are available to the community on-line via the ISO Data Archive. Several new groups were added to the KSPW system to describe spectra with no counterparts in either the SWS or PHT-S databases: CA, E/SA, UE/SA, and SSA. The zodiacal dust cloud provides the most common background continuum to the spectral features, visible in almost 40% of the processed sources. The most characteristic and ubiquitous spectral features observed in the CVF spectral atlas are those of the unidentified infrared bands (UIR), which are typically attributed to ultraviolet-excited fluorescence of large molecules containing aromatic hydrocarbons. The UIR features commonly occur superimposed on the zodiacal background (18%) but can also appear in conjunction with other spectral features, such as fine-structure emission lines or silicate absorption. In at least 13 of the galaxies observed, the pattern of UIR emission features has been noticeably shifted to longer wavelengths. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM charles.engelke@hanscom.af.mil; kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 67 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 150 IS 1 BP 343 EP 365 DI 10.1086/380112 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 768GM UT WOS:000188535300011 ER PT S AU Rich, F de La Beaujardiere, O Retterer, J Basu, B Groves, K Jeong, L Beach, T Hunton, D Mellein, J Kachner, K AF Rich, F de La Beaujardiere, O Retterer, J Basu, B Groves, K Jeong, L Beach, T Hunton, D Mellein, J Kachner, K BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI C/NOFS: A demonstration system to forecast equatorial ionospheric scintillation that adversely affects navigation, communication, and surveillance systems SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE ionosphere; communications; navigation; surveillance; scintillation; GPS; spacecraft ID PLASMA INSTABILITY; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SPREAD-F; MORPHOLOGY; BUBBLES AB The purpose of the Communication / Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) is to detect and forecast ionospheric irregularities that adversely impact communication, navigation and surveillance systems. The C/NOFS consists of ground sites that monitor the radio link to geosynchronous and GPS spacecraft, a fully-instrumented monitoring satellite scheduled for launch in 2005 and a central data collection facility that creates scintillation warnings in near real-time. The C/NOFS spacecraft will be launched into a low inclination (13degrees), elliptical (similar to 375 x 710 km) orbit. Sensors on the C/NOFS spacecraft measure the ambient ionosphere near the equator and detect density fluctuations which cause scintillation. Ionospheric irregularities often occur after sunset within 201 of the magnetic equator. These irregularities can be fairly benign, causing a small amount of radio scintillation and perturbing only UHF/VHF communications, or they can be very severe, causing L-band scintillation that interfere with the functioning of GPS receivers. In these severe cases, the ionospheric irregularities can extend beyond 1000 km altitude. One of the challenges of this project is to go beyond detecting irregularities and to predict scintillation-producing irregularities up to 8 hours into the future and estimating changes in the climatology 24 hours or more into the future. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Veh Direct, Hanscom AF Base, MA 01731 USA. RP Rich, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Veh Direct, Hanscom AF Base, MA 01731 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 358 EP 369 DI 10.1117/12.566115 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600037 ER PT J AU Chehroudi, B Talley, D AF Chehroudi, B Talley, D TI The fractal geometry of round turbulent cryogenic nitrogen jets at subcritical and supercritical pressures SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID FLAMES AB Box-counting and Euclidean distance mapping (EDM) methods were used to measure the fractal dimension of round turbulent cryogenic nitrogen jets at pressures ranging from subcritical to supercritical pressures. Both methods produced similar trends, with close quantitative agreement for a suitably small box-counting scale. At subcritical pressures, the fractal dimension was found to be consistent with the fractal dimension of a spray in the second wind-induced atomization regime. The fractal dimension tended to increase as pressure increased, until at supercritical pressures the fractal dimension was found to be consistent with that of gas jets and mixing layers. The results constitute additional quantitative evidence for the hypothesis that subcritical jets exhibit mainly spraylike behavior, while supercritical jets exhibit mainly gaslike behavior. This appears to have been the first time pressure effects on the fractal dimension of turbulent jets have been measured. C1 Engn Res Corp, Lancaster, CA 93534 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSA Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Chehroudi, B (reprint author), Engn Res Corp, POB 1718, Lancaster, CA 93534 USA. EM chehroudib@aol.com NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v14.i1.50 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 814DJ UT WOS:000220955100005 ER PT B AU Cornelius, RK AF Cornelius, RK GP IEEE TI Available work time estimation SO AUTOTESTCON 2004, PROCEEDINGS: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION UNITE IN SAN ANTONIO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 04) CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Cent Texas Council AB Development of test program sets (TIPS) is, in many ways, a unique process. But TIPS development shares many processes with other kinds of software development, one of which is determination of productive work time available to complete the effort. TPS development involves the creation of fairly small independent code sets that range from a few lines of macros to a few thousand lines of very specific code. Often the code is machine-specific, making available work time estimation even more crucial. TPS development, scheduling, and testing efforts are unique. Independence of modules means that parallel development and testing can take place. It also means that a TIPS development effort probably forces the TIPS project manager to assign the development of several TPSs to one developer. Time management problems are exacerbated when one developer is required to work several projects in parallel. They become especially difficult if a project manager expects more productive work time than is available. Determination of how much actual time each developer on the team has available for work can have significant impact on the entire development process. In fact, there are many distractions and demands for time that shrink actual hours that any single employee contributes to effort for a task or tasks. TIPS project managers that learn how to examine work distractions in detail understand how to tailor estimates of available work time to their organization and even to individual contributors. The process of estimating actual worker-hours available is crucial to good estimates of TPS development efforts, and must be accomplished before any real estimate of completion times for project tasks is made. The fact is, available work hours drive estimates of calendar time for completion. A discussion of estimation techniques is not part of this paper. Rather it deals with just one of the steps (determining actual time available for work) that must be taken before a realistic estimate for any (TIPS or other) project can be made. C1 Comp Sci Corp, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Cornelius, RK (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, 6021 Gum Lane, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8449-0 PY 2004 BP 273 EP 279 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCB15 UT WOS:000228484700044 ER PT B AU Hulett, JN AF Hulett, JN GP IEEE TI Ask the user: A practical approach to Test Program Set development SO AUTOTESTCON 2004, PROCEEDINGS: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION UNITE IN SAN ANTONIO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 04) CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Cent Texas Council AB The development of a military weapon system is a long and arduous process. How to maintain that system after it is fielded is often a quick afterthought. The Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and associated Test Program Sets (TPSs) are selected and developed based solely on the physical operating specifications and test parameters of the system. The people who will actually use the ATE to repair the system and those who will maintain the TPS software usually have little or no input until the ATE and TPSs are delivered to them. This paper provides a case study of the development and acceptance of an ATE and TPS for the AN/ALQ-172 Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) system. It does not dwell on the specific technology and mathematical analyses designed into the TPS, but instead focuses on the end goal - using the TPS to repair the system. The paper discusses the initial development of the TPS without user input, then discusses some of the problems discovered when software maintenance engineers and system repair technicians became involved. The case study concludes with a review of the final TPS acceptance testing and an overview of the benefits and costs of involving the user throughout the development process. C1 WR ALC MASSE, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Hulett, JN (reprint author), WR ALC MASSE, 280 Byron St, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8449-0 PY 2004 BP 284 EP 288 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCB15 UT WOS:000228484700046 ER PT B AU Kirkland, LV Wilson, N Berghout, F AF Kirkland, LV Wilson, N Berghout, F GP IEEE TI Evaluating go-path measurements to determine faulty components - "The skill of the test is the software" SO AUTOTESTCON 2004, PROCEEDINGS: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION UNITE IN SAN ANTONIO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 04) CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Cent Texas Council AB This paper describes the use of multiple go-path measurements, in combination with algorithmic test sequences, to aid in improving test efficiency and accuracy and diagnostics. As an electronic device or circuit is tested, the output of the Unit Under Tests(UUT) may be considered as a function of the input. Through the use of multiple tests designed to exercise system capabilities in evaluating UUT performance, the characteristic behavior of the UUT can be established. Test results obtained automatically can be used in conjunction with evaluating software in classifying good and failed UUTs. Also, failing UUT behavior can be further classified to distinguish faulty lower-level UUT assemblies and components based only on go-path measurements. Software engines can actually discover new information about a circuit's performance, thus aiding in human understanding of the Unit Under Test (UUT),. UUT data rates and data volumes are generally beyond human processing capability in our ability to do fine differentiation, however neural networks and other software routines perform well under these conditions Analysis of UUT performance may require the examination of small changes in multiple, and varied UUT signal parameters (e.g. voltage and current) that may be within current algorithmic test tolerances, yet are representative of circuit failure characteristics. These slight variations are not understood using typical circuit diagnostic routines. Software engines like neural networks can see slight variations in signals and make decisions based on these variations. One of the major problems with theoretical circuit diagnostic analysis routines is the narrow focus used to evaluate problems. Checking for a specific logic level or using the upper/lower limit criteria does not focus in on unique failures like circuit skewing. This paper discusses techniques that can provide a viable solution to many of the testing problems that we experience today. Also, data capturing Will be discussed. C1 MASAC, OO ALC, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Kirkland, LV (reprint author), MASAC, OO ALC, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8449-0 PY 2004 BP 338 EP 343 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCB15 UT WOS:000228484700056 ER PT B AU Howard, JH AF Howard, JH GP IEEE TI Establishing commodity councils "transformation of air force purchasing" SO AUTOTESTCON 2004, PROCEEDINGS: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION UNITE IN SAN ANTONIO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 04) CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Cent Texas Council AB The Air Force is committed to the transformation process and bringing Supply Chain Management into the 21(st) century. Direction for these efforts has been given by the Secretary of the-Air Force and initiatives such as Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (PSCM), Performance Based Logistics (PBL), and Commodity Councils are the means in transforming logistical support for the warfighter. Three Path Finder Commodity Councils have been formed to be the forerunners of the future state and in determining sourcing strategies. C1 WR ALC LEEC, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Howard, JH (reprint author), WR ALC LEEC, 295 Byron St, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8449-0 PY 2004 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCB15 UT WOS:000228484700086 ER PT J AU Albery, WB AF Albery, WB TI Acceleration in other axes affects plus Gz tolerance: Dynamic centrifuge simulation of agile flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sustained acceleration; lateral acceleration; transverse acceleration; multi-axis accelerations; G tolerance; agile flight; oximetry AB Background: Modern, thrust-vectored jet aircraft have the capability of developing multi-axis accelerations, especially during the performance of "supermaneuvers." These "agile" aircraft are capable of unconventional flight. The human consequences of this agile flight environment are unknown. Methods: This multi-axis acceleration environment was studied on the Dynamic Environment Simulator gimbaled centrifuge. There were nine relaxed, unprotected subjects who were exposed to either lateral (+/-1, +/-2 Gy), transverse chest-to-back (+1, 2.5, or 4 Gx), or back-to-chest (-1 Gx) sustained acceleration. Positive G (+Gz) acceleration was then added beginning at 1.0 Gz by gradual onset (0.1 Gz (.) s(-1)) until the subjects lost nearly all of their vision. Baseline +Gz-only relaxed tolerances were measured before and after all combined Gy/Gz and Gx/Gz exposures. Heart rate, percent cerebral oxygen saturation, and cerebral blood volumes were collected during each exposure. Results: Adding moderate transverse (+Gx) acceleration significantly reduced +Gz tolerance. Relaxed, unprotected +Gz tolerance was reduced approximately 0.25 G when 1.0 or 2.5 Gx was added to the increasing +Gz exposure. Adding moderate lateral Gy significantly increased +Gz tolerance. Relaxed, unprotected +Gz tolerance was increased approximately 0.5 G when +2 Gy or -2 Gy was added to the +Gz exposure. The decrease in cerebral blood volume was significantly less when +Gz was added to -1 Gx compared with the addition of +Gz to +Gx. Conclusions: Multi-axis sustained accelerations, such as those experienced during thrust-vectored aircraft maneuvers, can either enhance or reduce the +Gz tolerance of the pilot depending on the direction of the net gravitoinertial force. Gy acceleration in conjunction with Gz acceleration can enhance G tolerance. Gx acceleration in addition to Gz acceleration can reduce G tolerance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Acclerat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Albery, WB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Acclerat Branch, HEPA Bld 824,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM William.albery@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 760UH UT WOS:000187853200001 PM 14736126 ER PT J AU Whitmore, JN Fischer, JR Barton, EC Storm, WF AF Whitmore, JN Fischer, JR Barton, EC Storm, WF TI Performance following a sudden awakening from daytime nap induced by zalepon SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE zaleplon; daytime sleep; cognitive performance; Sonata (R); nap ID ADMINISTRATION 5; SLEEP LATENCY; ZOLPIDEM; MEMORY; QUANTIFICATION; PSYCHOMOTOR; INSOMNIA; PLACEBO; MIDDLE; SINGLE AB Background: Zaleplon appears to be a prime candidate for assisting individuals in obtaining sleep in situations not conducive to rest (i.e., a short period during the day). However, should an early unexpected awakening and return to duty be required, the effect on performance is not known. Hypothesis: Zaleplon (10 mg) would negatively affect human performance for some duration, compared with placebo, after a sudden awakening from a short period (1 h) of daytime sleep. Methods: There were 16 participants, 8 men and 8 women, who volunteered to participate in this study. The study was conducted using a counterbalanced, double-blind, repeated measures design. At 1 h prior to drug administration, and at each of 7 h postdrug, performance measures (cognition, memory, balance, and strength) and subjective symptom reports were recorded. Results: Zaleplon had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) negative impact on balance through the first 2 h postdose when compared with placebo. In addition, symptoms related to "drowsiness" were statistically more prevalent under zaleplon than under placebo through the first 3 h postdrug. Of the eight measures of cognitive performance, six were significantly negatively impacted in the zaleplon condition through 2 h postdose when compared with placebo, with one remaining significantly degraded through 3 h postdose. Zaleplon also had a significantly negative impact on memory at 1 h and 4 h postdose. Conclusions: Zaleplon (10 mg), when used as a daytime sleep aid, causes drowsiness (and related symptoms) up to 3 h postdose, and may impact task performance, especially more complex tasks, for at least 2-3 h postdose. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPM, Warfighter Fatigue Countermeasures, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Whitmore, JN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPM, Warfighter Fatigue Countermeasures, 2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM jeff.whitmore@brooks.af.mil NR 22 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 760UH UT WOS:000187853200005 PM 14736130 ER PT J AU Coakwell, MR Bloswick, DS Moser, R AF Coakwell, MR Bloswick, DS Moser, R TI High-risk head and neck movements at high G and interventions to reduce associated neck injury SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aerospace medicine; biomechanics; neck muscles; occupational exposure; cervical spinal injuries; neck injuries; prevention and control; rehabilitation ID HUMAN CERVICAL-SPINE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE AIRCRAFT; WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION; INDUCED EYE TORSION; HIGH-G-FORCES; FIGHTER PILOTS; MUSCLE STRAIN; BIOMECHANICAL MODEL; FLEXOR STRENGTH; MOTION ANALYSIS AB Background: Neck injuries are a significant concern for aviators of high performance aircraft. A recent comprehensive technical report on cervical spinal injury associated with exposure to sustained acceleration, from NATO's Research and Technology Organization, recommended delineating the neck muscles used by aviators in this flying environment and developing improved neck muscle strengthening programs in an attempt to reduce such injuries. Methods: A review of current literature was conducted in the fields of biomechanics, ergonomics, orthopedics, neurology, neurosurgery, rehabilitative medicine, and aerospace medicine. An objective description is provided of the muscles involved in specific head and neck movements, and those movements that are associated with a greater risk of injury during high-G sorties. The intensity and duration of force exposures common to high performance aircraft sorties, the effects of seat-back angle on these exposures, and the types and mechanisms of neck injury reported in this environment are also described. Results: Primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive interventions are introduced with the goal of providing unit-level flight surgeons an approach to reducing neck injury and promoting prompt, safe return to flying of aviators with identified neck injury. A central component of these interventions is a "specific" and "intensive" neck muscle training regimen, as described in the medical literature. Conclusion: increased axial compressive force and unique biomechanics combine to make neck injury likely in high performance aviators. The application of some proposed intervention strategies may reduce the occurrence of these injuries. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Rocky Mt Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Residency Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Coakwell, MR (reprint author), PSC 76,Box 4024, APO, AP 96319 USA. EM mark.coakwell@misawa.af.mil FU ODCDC CDC HHS [T42/CCT810426] NR 79 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 68 EP 80 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 760UH UT WOS:000187853200011 PM 14736136 ER PT S AU Hanselman, P Lawrence, C Fortunato, E Tenney, B Blasch, E AF Hanselman, P Lawrence, C Fortunato, E Tenney, B Blasch, E BE Suresh, R TI Dynamic tactical targeting SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric System IV CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE dynamic; targeting; closed-loop; fusion; sensors; tracking; control AB Today's Warfighter requires new capabilities that reduce the kill chain timeline. The capability to maintain track on mobile Time Sensitive Targets (TSTs) throughout the entire targeting cycle is a step towards that goal. Continuous tracking provides strike assets with high confident, actionable, targeting information, which reduces the time it takes to reacquire the target prior to prosecution. The Defense Advanced Research Program Agency (DARPA) Dynamic Tactical Targeting (DTT) program is developing new sensor resource management and data fusion technologies for continuous coordination of tactical sensor resources to detect and identify mobile ground targets and maintain track on these known high-value targets. An essential concept of the DTT approach is the need for the fusion system and the resource manager to operate as part of a closed loop process that produces optimum collection plans against the designated high value TSTs. In this paper, we describe this closed loop approach used within the DTT system. The paper also describes other aspects of the DTT program, including overall program status, the DTT distributed architecture, details of the fusion and dynamic sensor management components, and concludes with current evaluation results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanselman, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5364-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5441 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.547930 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAT36 UT WOS:000223424000004 ER PT S AU Larson, CW Mead, FB Knecht, SD AF Larson, CW Mead, FB Knecht, SD BE Komurasaki, K TI Laser propulsion and the constant momentum mission SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY OCT 20-23, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo Inst Technol, Univ Tokyo, Inst Laser Technol, Tohoku Univ, Seoul Natl Univ, Japanese Aerosp Technol, Fdn Promot, Japan Soc Aeronaut & Space Sci, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Laser Soc Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Sendai Convent Bur, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID IMPULSE; ORBIT AB We show that perfect propulsion requires a constant momentum mission, as a consequence of Newton's second law. Perfect propulsion occurs when the velocity of the propelled mass in the inertial frame of reference matches the velocity of the propellant jet in the rocket frame of reference. We compare constant momentum to constant specific impulse propulsion, which, for a given specification of the mission delta V, has an optimum specific impulse that maximizes the propelled mass per unit jet kinetic energy investment. We also describe findings of more than 50 % efficiency for conversion of laser energy into jet kinetic energy by ablation of solids. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Larson, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0175-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 702 BP 216 EP 227 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BY87P UT WOS:000189484300022 ER PT J AU Cobb, BL Jauchem, JR Adair, ER AF Cobb, BL Jauchem, JR Adair, ER TI Radial arm maze performance of rats following repeated low level microwave radiation exposure SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radio frequency radiation; learning; memory ID CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY; WORKING-MEMORY CAPACITY; SPATIAL MEMORY; TASK; PHYSOSTIGMINE; IRRADIATION; PHONES; ACQUISITION; DEFICITS; SYSTEM AB We examined the possibility of changes in "working" memory of rats following whole body exposure to microwave (MW) radiation. During each of 10 days, we exposed rats within circularly polarized waveguides for 45 min to 2450 MHz fields at whole body SARs of 0.6 W/kg (2 mus pulses, 500 pps), followed by testing in a 12 arm, radial arm maze (RAM). Rats received a preexposure injection of one of three psychoactive compounds or saline, to determine whether a compound would interact with MW exposure to affect performance in the maze. Error rate, i.e., reentry into arms already visited, and time to criterion data for 10 consecutive days of testing were analyzed by a three way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using main effects of "exposure" and "drug" and a repeated factor of "test day." Our alpha limit for significance was P <.05. Analyzes of error rates revealed no significant exposure effect, no significant drug effect and no significant interaction between the two main factors. There was a significant difference in test days, as expected, with repeated test-trial days, which indicates that learning was accomplished. There was no significant interaction of test day and the other two factors. The results of our analyzes of time to criterion data included no significant exposure effect, a significant drug effect, a significant test day effect, and a significant interaction between drug and test day factors. Post hoc analyzes of the drug factor revealed that rats treated with either physostigmine or nalrexone hydrochloride, took significantly longer to complete the maze task than rats pretreated with saline or with naloxone methodide. We conclude that there is no evidence from the current study that exposure to of MW radiation under parameters examined caused decrements in the ability of rats to learn the spatial memory task. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, lnc. C1 USAF, AFRL, HEDR,Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Cobb, BL (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, HEDR,Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Bldg 1162,8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Brenda.Cobb@Brooks.af.mil NR 48 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1002/bem.10148 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 762CR UT WOS:000187953300007 PM 14696053 ER PT S AU Redfield, RC Self, B Fredrickson, B Kinard, A AF Redfield, RC Self, B Fredrickson, B Kinard, A GP ISA TI Motion measurements in the jumping of a mountain bike SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 40 SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/41st International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 23-25, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc DE mountain biking; dynamics; instrumentation; data collection; biomechanics AB Mountain biking is generally a much more extreme sport than road cycling. It exhibits large motions and loadings, and involves complicated interactions between the rider and the bike. A dynamic model of a mountain bike and rider is being developed that requires validation by comparing predicted and actual dynamic performance. This paper reports the first step by acquiring experimental data of a moderately extreme maneuver: a mid speed jump and landing and was undertaken as part of a senior level instrumentation class. Both biomechanics and mechanical engineering studies can benefit from this data. A mountain bike and rider are instrumented for video mark-er tracking during the jumping maneuver. Positions are numerically differentiated to obtain velocities and accelerations. This motion data is examined for continuity and reasonableness. Future manipulation of this data will provide joint reaction data and center of mass motion for a bicycle/rider model validation. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2004 VL 449 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAE76 UT WOS:000221906600008 ER PT S AU Self, BP Wilcox, R Daniel, B Kawatski, A Rojas, J Webb, B Bearden, K AF Self, BP Wilcox, R Daniel, B Kawatski, A Rojas, J Webb, B Bearden, K GP ISA TI Structural testing of a juvenile prosthetic foot pylon SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 40 SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/41st International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 23-25, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc DE prosthesis; fatigue; pylon; failure AB Clinicians at the Shriner's Hospitals for Children have noticed unexpected catastrophic failures in the 2024-T3 aluminum prosthetic pylons of their juvenile patients. They postulated that small "dings", caused by sharp impacts with playground equipment or other obstacles, might be causing stress concentrations in the pylons. To investigate this, students at the United States Air Force Academy performed a series of tests to determine potential failure modes for the pylon. Initially, a technique for introducing small reproducible "dings" was established. These damaged specimens were then subjected to compressive axial tests to failure. axial fatigue tests (5 - 100 lbs at 5 Hz), and finally four point bending fatigue tests (370 in - lbs at 5 Hz). The maximum compressive load of the damaged specimen was virtually identical to that of the control specimen (14 kips), and the axial fatigue test was halted with no damage after one million cycles. Two bending fatigue tests resulted in cracks and eventual failure at the load application points of the fixture on the pylon. This has caused us to speculate that failure of the pylons is not due to the dings, but may be due to over-tightening of the pylon attachment points to the foot and the deficient limb. Further testing will be conducted to examine this possibility. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, HQ USAFA DFEM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Self, BP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, HQ USAFA DFEM, 2354 Fairchild Hall,STE 6L-155, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2004 VL 449 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAE76 UT WOS:000221906600012 ER PT J AU Struble, EJ Dice, YG Ornstein, DL Mody, R Huffnagel, D AF Struble, EJ Dice, YG Ornstein, DL Mody, R Huffnagel, D TI Gabapentin versus venlafaxine for the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a preliminary report SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Charles A Colman San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 08-11, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2004 VL 88 SU 1 BP S240 EP S241 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 877SE UT WOS:000225589600683 ER PT B AU Kleeman, MP Day, RO Lamont, GB AF Kleeman, MP Day, RO Lamont, GB GP IEEE TI Multi-objective evolutionary search performance with explicit building-block sizes for NPC problems SO CEC2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2004) CY JUN 19-23, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Neural Network Soc, Evolutionary Programming Soc, IEEE ID QUADRATIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM AB This research uses an explicit building block based MOEA to solve the multiobjective Quadratic Assignment Problem. We use the Multiobjective Messy Genetic Algorithm II (MOMGA-II) to determine what role certain building block sizes play in filling up the Pareto Front. Additionally, we investigate the role of the competitive template. The algorithm uses the competitive template by propagating it through all the building block sizes and by randomizing it for each building block size. We show that randomized competitive templates produce better results due to more exploration, and larger building block sizes are more common on the outer edges of the Pareto Front because they fill more chromosome characteristics in the genotype space. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8515-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2004 BP 728 EP 735 DI 10.1109/CEC.2004.1330931 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM20 UT WOS:000222818400102 ER PT B AU Day, RO Lamont, GB AF Day, RO Lamont, GB GP IEEE TI Force field approximation using artificial neural networks SO CEC2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2004) CY JUN 19-23, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Neural Network Soc, Evolutionary Programming Soc, IEEE AB Protein structure prediction has been previously addressed using various computer modelling methods. For example, Chemistry at HARvard Molecular mechanics (CHARMm) version 22 has been used at the Air Force Institute of Technology to model protein potential energy when searching for good protein structures. Applying CHARMm is computationally expensive; therefore, an alternative to CHARMm is needed to expedite search results. In this study we report results of modelling CHARMm. with a multilayered perceptron neural network. In building a neural network to emulate the CHARMm many parameters settings are studied. One such parameter is the number of generations to train the neural network. Under and over training of the neural network using test data is a concern. In this study, special attention has been paid to the training of the neural network. Finally, the accuracy with which a neural network can mimic CHARMm and the time savings realized when using a neural network in place of CHARMm (effectiveness and efficiency) are investigated. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Day@afit.edu; Gary.Lamont@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8515-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2004 BP 1020 EP 1027 DI 10.1109/CEC.2004.1330974 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM20 UT WOS:000222818400145 ER PT B AU Esslinger, MA Lamont, GB Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Ewing, RL AF Esslinger, MA Lamont, GB Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Ewing, RL GP IEEE TI An artificial immune system strategy for robust chemical spectra classification via distributed heterogeneous sensors SO CEC2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2004) CY JUN 19-23, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Neural Network Soc, Evolutionary Programming Soc, IEEE AB The timely detection and classification of biological agents in a hostile environment is critical for increasing protection in critical areas. This paper proposes a strategy for identifying biological agents via distributed sensors with an Artificial Immune System (AIS). The proposed system is composed of networked sensors and nodes, communicating via wireless or wired connections. Measurements are continually taken via dispersed redundant sensors strategically placed in threat areas. These sensors continually measure and categorize air or liquid samples, alerting surrounding nodes when possible biological agents are detected. Detection is based upon the Biological Immune System (BIS) model of antigens and antibodies, and alerts are generated when an a measured sample is determined to be a valid biological agent (antigen). Biological agent signatures (antibodies) are continually distributed throughout the system to adapt to changes in the environment or to new antigens. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8515-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2004 BP 1036 EP 1043 DI 10.1109/CEC.2004.1330976 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM20 UT WOS:000222818400147 ER PT B AU Day, RO Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB AF Day, RO Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB GP IEEE TI Multi-objective fast messy genetic algorithm solving deception problems SO CEC2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2004) CY JUN 19-23, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Neural Network Soc, Evolutionary Programming Soc, IEEE AB Deception problems are among the hardest problems to solve using ordinary genetic algorithms. Recent studies show that Bayesian optimization can help in solving these problems. This paper compares the results acquired from the multiobjective fast messy genetic algorithm (MOMGA-II), multiobjective Bayesian optimization algorithm (mBOA), and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) when applied to three different deception problems. The three deceptive problems studies are: interleaved minimal deceptive problem, interleaved 5-bit trap function, and the interleaved 6-bit bipolar function. The unmodified MOMGA-II, by design, explicitly learns building block linkages which is required if an algorithm is to solve these hard deception problems. Preliminary results using the MOMGA-II are favorable. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Manangement, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Manangement, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Day@afit.edu; Mark.Kleeman@afit.edu; Gary.Lamont@afit.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8515-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2004 BP 1502 EP 1509 DI 10.1109/CEC.2004.1331074 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM20 UT WOS:000222818400209 ER PT S AU Niemeyer, DM AF Niemeyer, DM BE Gardner, PJ TI A composite CBRN surveillance and testing service SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE chemical; biological; radiological; nuclear (CBRN) agent identification; environmental hazards; laboratory testing; deployment laboratory AB The terrorist threat coupled with a global military mission necessitates quick and accurate identification of environmental hazards, and CBRN early warning. The Air Force Institute for Operational Health (AFIOH) provides fundamental support to protect personnel from and mitigate the effects of untoward hazards exposures. Sustaining healthy communities since 1955, the organizational charter is to enhance warfighter mission effectiveness, protect health, improve readiness and reduce costs, assess and manage risks to human heath and safety, operational performance and the environment. The AFIOH Surveillance Directorate provides forward deployed and reach-back surveillance, agent identification, and environ-mental regulatory compliance testing. Three unique laboratories process and analyze over two million environmental samples and clinical specimens per year, providing analytical chemistry, radiological assessment, and infectious disease testing, in addition to supporting Air Force and Department of Defense (DoD) clinical reference laboratory and force health protection testing. Each laboratory has an applied or investigational testing section where new technologies and techniques are evaluated, and expert consultative support to assist in technology assessments and test analyses. The Epidemiology Surveillance Laboratory and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory are critical assets of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Laboratory Response Network. Deployable assets provide direct support to the Combatant Commander and include the Air Force Radiological Assessment Team, and the Biological Augmentation Team. A diverse directorate, the synergistic CBRN response capabilities are a commander's force protection tool, critical to maintaining combat power. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Surveillance Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX 78325 USA. RP Niemeyer, DM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Surveillance Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX 78325 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.543022 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100003 ER PT S AU Niemeyer, DM AF Niemeyer, DM BE Gardner, PJ TI Critical components required to improve deployable laboratory biological hazards identification SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE deployable laboratory; biological agent testing; laboratory testing AB An ever-expanding global military mission necessitates quick and accurate identification of biological hazards, whether naturally occurring or man-made. Coupled with an ever-present threat of biological attack, an expanded U.S. presence in worn-torn locations like Southwest Asia presents unique public health challenges. We must heed modem day "lessons learned" from Operation Desert Shield and the Soviet Afghanistan Campaign and guard against rapid incapacitation of troop strength from endemic disease and biological attack. To minimize readiness impacts, field hygiene is enforced, and research on better medical countermeasures such as antibiotics and vaccines continues. However, there are no preventions or remedies for all military-relevant infectious diseases or biological agents. A deployable, streamlined, self-contained diagnostic and public health surveillance laboratory capability with a reach-back communication is critical to meeting global readiness challenges. Current deployable laboratory packages comprise primarily diagnostic or environmental sample testing capabilities. Discussion will focus on critical components needed to improve existing laboratory assets, and to facilitate deployment of small, specialized packages far forward. The ideal laboratory model described will become an essential tool for the Combatant or Incident Commander to maintain force projection in the expeditionary environment. C1 USAF, Surveillance Directorate, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX 78325 USA. RP Niemeyer, DM (reprint author), USAF, Surveillance Directorate, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX 78325 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.542555 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100004 ER PT S AU Kiel, JL Parker, JE Holwitt, EA Vivekananda, J AF Kiel, JL Parker, JE Holwitt, EA Vivekananda, J BE Gardner, PJ TI DNA capture elements for rapid detection and identification of biological agents SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE aptamers; anthrax; Shiga toxin AB DNA capture elements (DCEs; aptamers) are artificial DNA sequences, from a random pool of sequences, selected for their specific binding to potential biological warfare agents. These sequences were selected by an affinity method using filters to which the target agent was attached and the DNA isolated and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an iterative, increasingly stringent, process. Reporter molecules were attached to the finished sequences. To date, we have made DCEs to Bacillus anthracis spores, Shiga toxin, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) virus, and Francisella tularensis. These DCEs have demonstrated specificity and sensitivity equal to or better than antibody. C1 AFRL, HEPC, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), AFRL, HEPC, 2486 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.532043 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100012 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Tomczak, MM Luckarift, HR Spain, JC Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Tomczak, MM Luckarift, HR Spain, JC Stone, MO TI Entrapment of enzymes and nanoparticles using biomimetically synthesized silica SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHAGE DISPLAY; IN-VITRO; IMMOBILIZATION; ENCAPSULATION; BIOLOGICALS; BIOSILICA; POLYMERS; PEPTIDES; SUPPORT AB Entrapment of enzymes and nanoparticles using biosilicification reactions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 15 BP 1684 EP 1685 DI 10.1039/b404586f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845KK UT WOS:000223241100002 PM 15278136 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Naik, RR Stone, MO Cai, Y Sandhage, KH AF Dickerson, MB Naik, RR Stone, MO Cai, Y Sandhage, KH TI Identification of peptides that promote the rapid precipitation of germania nanoparticle networks via use of a peptide display library SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHAGE DISPLAY; IN-VITRO; SILICA; BIOSILICA; GLASSES; SPONGE; DIATOMS AB Peptides that promote the rapid, room-temperature precipitation of amorphous germania nanoparticle networks from solution have been identified via use of a combinatorial peptide display library. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dickerson, MB (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu NR 29 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 15 BP 1776 EP 1777 DI 10.1039/b402480j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845KK UT WOS:000223241100047 PM 15278181 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Johnson, GR Spain, JC AF Luckarift, HR Johnson, GR Spain, JC TI Biosynthesis of hydroxydiphenylacetylene by regiospecific monooxygenation SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID XANTHOBACTER STRAIN PY2; ALKENE MONOOXYGENASE; TOLUENE 4-MONOOXYGENASE; METABOLISM; PHENYLETHYNYL; DEGRADATION; CATABOLISM; OLIGOMERS; BENZENE; PHENOL AB Bacterial monooxygenase enzymes catalyze a regiospecific single-step hydroxylation of diphenylacetylene to yield meta- and para-hydroxydiphenylacetylene. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jim.spain@tyndall.af.mil NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 21 BP 2402 EP 2403 DI 10.1039/b408766f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 866EC UT WOS:000224755600015 PM 15514786 ER PT S AU Hay, RS AF Hay, RS BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI A combinatorial chemistry study of YAG nucleation SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; ALPHA-ALUMINA; GAMMA-ALUMINA; SOL-GEL; POLYCRYSTALLINE; CERAMICS; FIBERS; TRANSFORMATION; DIFFUSION; LASERS AB A combinatorial method to screen large numbers of dopants that affect the nucleation of yttrium-aluminum garnet was developed. The method involves heat-treatment of electron-transparent sol-derived thin films on TEM grids, and counting the number and size of nuclei by TEM. Advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed. Preliminary results are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200008 ER PT J AU Herzinger, K Sanford, R AF Herzinger, K Sanford, R TI Minimal generating sets for relative ideals in numerical semigroups of multiplicity eight SO COMMUNICATIONS IN ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE numerical semigroup; relative ideal; minimal generating set ID TENSOR-PRODUCTS; RIGIDITY; MODULES; TORSION; TOR AB Let S be a numerical semigroup and let I be a relative ideal of S. Let S - I denote the dual of I and let mu(s)((.)) represent the size of a minimal generating set. We investigate the inequality mu(s)(I)mu(s)(S - I) greater than or equal to mu(s)(I + (S - I)) under the assumption that S has multiplicity 8. We will show that if I is non-principal, then the strict inequality mu(s)(I)mu(s)(S - I) > mu(s)(I + (S - I)) always holds. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Herzinger, K (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, 2354 Fairchild St,Suite 6D124, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kurt.herzinger@usafa.af.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0092-7872 J9 COMMUN ALGEBRA JI Commun. Algebr. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 12 BP 4713 EP 4731 DI 10.1081/AGB-200036841 PG 19 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 877FG UT WOS:000225552600014 ER PT J AU Hosur, MV Alexander, J Vaidya, UK Jeelani, S Mayer, A AF Hosur, MV Alexander, J Vaidya, UK Jeelani, S Mayer, A TI Studies on the off-axis high strain rate compression loading of satin weave carbon/epoxy composites SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE woven carbon/epoxy composites; resin infusion molding; high strain rate; modified split Hopkinson's pressure bar ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; BEHAVIOR AB This paper discusses the experimental study on the response of affordable satin weave carbon/epoxy composite laminates subjected to high strain rate compression loading using a modified compression split Hopkinson's pressure bar (SHPB) under off-axis loading. Thirty seven layer laminates were manufactured using aerospace grade woven fabrics with SC-15 epoxy resin system utilizing vacuum assisted resin infusion molding approach. Samples were subjected to high strain rate compression loading at strain rates ranging from 1092/s to 2425/s using a modified SHPB that facilitates controlled single pulse loading of the sample. Samples were tested in the inplane direction along warp (0degrees) and weft/fill (90degrees) and 15degrees, 30degrees, 45degrees, 60degrees and 75degrees off-axes angles. Quasi-static tests were carried out to compare with the dynamic response. Failure modes were evaluated using optical micrographs. Results of the study were analyzed in terms of peak stress, strain at peak stress, failure modes and orientation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hosur, MV (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hosur@tuskegee.edu NR 18 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 63 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00134-X PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 844HE UT WOS:000223148100009 ER PT S AU Robertson, MA AF Robertson, MA BE Bouman, CA Miller, EL TI The likelihood term in restoration of transform-compressed imagery SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging II CY JAN 19-20, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE image and video restoration; compression error; discrete cosine transform; discrete wavelet transform ID BLOCKING ARTIFACTS; QUANTIZATION; REDUCTION; NOISE AB Compression of imagery by quantization of the data's transform coefficients introduces an error in the imagery upon decompression. When processing compressed imagery, often a likelihood term is used to provide a statistical description of how the observed data are related to the original noise-free data. This work derives the statistical relationship between compressed imagery and the original imagery, which is found to be embodied in a (in general) non-diagonal covariance matrix. Although the derivations are valid for transform coding in general, the work is motivated by considering examples for the specific cases of compression using the discrete cosine transform and the discrete wavelet transform. An example application of motion-compensated temporal filtering is provided to show how the presented likelihood term might be used in a restoration scenario. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Robertson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5202-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5299 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.525409 PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH93 UT WOS:000222330700014 ER PT S AU Hunt, TD Gustafson, SC AF Hunt, TD Gustafson, SC BE Bouman, CA Miller, EL TI Digital image interpolation using adaptive Gaussian basis functions SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging II CY JAN 19-20, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE adaptive interpolation; Gaussian basis function; image enhancement; super-resolution; image smoothness; least squares AB Digital image interpolation using Gaussian radial basis functions has been implemented by several investigators, and promising results have been obtained; however, determining the basis function variance has been problematic. Here, adaptive Gaussian basis functions fit the mean vector and covariance matrix of a non-radial Gaussian function to each pixel and its neighbors, which enables edges and other image characteristics to be more effectively represented. The interpolation is constrained to reproduce the original image mean gray level, and the mean basis function variance is determined using the expected image smoothness for the increased resolution. Test outputs from the resulting Adaptive Gaussian Interpolation algorithm are presented and compared with classical interpolation techniques. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hunt, TD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5202-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5299 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1117/12.555598 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH93 UT WOS:000222330700040 ER PT B AU Wicks, MC Himed, B AF Wicks, MC Himed, B BE Byrnes, J TI Four problems in radar SO COMPUTATIONAL NONCOMMUTATIVE ALGEBRA AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Computational Noncommutative Algebra Applications CY JUL 06-19, 2003 CL Ciocco, ITALY SP NATO Adv Study Inst DE AWACS; Hulsmeyer; PRF; RF; SBR; SNR; UHF; Watson-Watt; antenna; clutter; detection; frequency division multiplexing; microwave modulator; phased array; pseudo-random; pulse compression; radar; radar range equation; sidelobe; spatial diversity; telemobiloskop; temporal diversity; tracker; transmitter; waveform C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1982-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 136 BP 57 EP 73 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBH05 UT WOS:000225473500003 ER PT S AU Akdim, B Kar, T Duan, XF Pachter, R AF Akdim, B Kar, T Duan, XF Pachter, R BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes: An assessment of computational methods SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; LARGE SYSTEMS; STATES; ONIOM AB We summarize a theoretical study for modeling functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), specifically first principles density functional theory calculations, as compared to semi-empirical or simplified hierarchical methods. We focus on the assessment of the methods to be applied to obtain reliable results and gain a fundamental understanding of the diazotization and ozonolysis of SWCNTs. Computational challenges encountered are highlighted. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT USA. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Brahim.Akdim@wpafb.af.mil; tkar@wpafb.af.mil; Xiaofeng.Duan@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22115-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3037 BP 260 EP 267 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAG06 UT WOS:000222045500033 ER PT B AU Kolonay, RM Sobolewski, M AF Kolonay, RM Sobolewski, M BE Sobolewski, M Cha, J TI Grid interactive service-oriented programming environment SO CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: THE WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Productiv Enhancement, Minist Educ China, Natl Sci Fdn China, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Beijing Assoc Sci & Technol, Chinese Mech Engn Soc, Beijing Railway Soc, Int Inst Concurrent Engn, CETEAM Int, CERE, Taylor & Francis, Int Journal Prod Res AB Improvements in distributed computing, and the technologies that enable them, have led to significant improvements in middleware functionality and quality, mainly through networking and protocols. However, the distributed programming style has changed little over the years. Most programs are still written line per line of code in languages like C, C++, and Java. These conventional programs that can provide grid operations and grid data can be considered as common grid resources and shared by research and education communities worldwide. However, there are no relevant programming methodologies to utilize efficiently these shared service providers as a potentially vast grid repository, except through the manual writing of code. Realization of the potential of grid computing requires significant improvements in grid programming methodologies. The Grid Interactive Service-Oriented (GISO) methodology is presented that provides a programming environment with development tools that permit interactive (point-and-click), true grid programming, thus permitting the different elements of programming to be stored, reused, aggregated, and executed with a level of concurrency and grid-level control strategy not achievable in the conventional programming languages. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kolonay, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-302-08802-0 PY 2004 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBF47 UT WOS:000225230100013 ER PT S AU Pozhar, LA Yeates, AT Szmulowicz, F Mitchel, WC AF Pozhar, LA Yeates, AT Szmulowicz, F Mitchel, WC BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Watkins, JJ TI Virtual synthesis of sub-nanoscale materials with prescribed physical properties SO CONTINUOUS NANOPHASE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Continuous Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOFLUIDS; VISCOSITY AB Properties of electronic energy spectra of several small virtual clusters (known as small quantum dots, or QDs) composed of In, Ga and As atoms are investigated for the further use in nanoheterostructure (NHS) units of pre-designed electronic properties. Modern quantum statistical physics methods relate these properties to electronic transport properties of such systems and therefore, lead to realization of a virtual (i.e., fundamental theory-based, computational) approach to synthesis of sub-nanoscale electronic materials with pre-designed electronic properties [1]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Polymer Mat Branch,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pozhar, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Polymer Mat Branch,MLBP, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-726-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 788 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY95W UT WOS:000189504600024 ER PT S AU Vasilyev, V Drehman, A Bouthillette, L AF Vasilyev, V Drehman, A Bouthillette, L BE Ginley, DS Carter, SA Gratzel, M Birkmire, RW TI Correlations between conditions of synthesis, phase composition and luminescent properties of Eu - Polytantalate SO CRITICAL INTERFACIAL ISSUES IN THIN-FILM OPTOELECTRONIC AND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Critical Interfacial Issues in Thin-Film Optoelectronic and Energy Conversion Devices held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MIXED METAL OXIDES; EU3&-ACTIVATED OXIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; FLUORESCENCE AB Correlations between synthesis conditions, phase composition, and spectral properties of the sintered ceramic, thin films and single crystals of EuTa7O19 phosphors have been studied using x-ray diffractometry and temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at temperatures between 18 K and 650 K. From the PL spectra of Eu3+, one can obtain information about the area of homogeneity of phases, their temperature transformations, and changes in the bonding character in the neighborhood of the luminescent ion. As a result, this information helps to optimize the synthesis parameters for luminescent materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Vasilyev, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-734-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 796 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAH12 UT WOS:000222180500020 ER PT J AU Phillips, SH Haddad, TS Tomczak, SJ AF Phillips, SH Haddad, TS Tomczak, SJ TI Developments in nanoscience: polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS)-polymers oligomeric SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; POLY(NORBORNYL-POSS) COPOLYMERS; SILOXANE COPOLYMERS; SILICA SURFACES; POSS; POLYMERS AB This review is intended to cover the more recent advances in both structure-property relationships of polymers incorporating polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(s) (POSS) nanostructured chemicals as well as space-survivability testing of POSS-polymers. The strategy employed for using POSS as building-blocks is discussed in addition to current models and predictions pertaining to the ideal crystallite/aggregate size of the nanocomposite within the polymer matrix to provide maximum mechanical improvements. The oxidation and rapid formation of SiO2 during atomic oxygen testing leads to a passivating layer, and conclusive proof of these phenomena is presented. Also, a brief history of POSS is outlined to help readers understand how they relate to the recent boom in nanotechnology and their position in nanomaterials RD. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Phillips, SH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM shawn.phillips@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad@edwards.af.mil; sandra.tomczak@edwards.af.mil NR 40 TC 351 Z9 373 U1 21 U2 203 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2004.03.002 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 842FB UT WOS:000222987600004 ER PT S AU Salerno, J Zhang, ZFM Lewin, R Decker, M AF Salerno, J Zhang, ZFM Lewin, R Decker, M BE Dasarathy, BV TI Discovering social groups without having relational data SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS, AND TECHNOLOGY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; clustering; EM algorithm; graphs; community generation ID SEARCH AB Who is associated with whom? Who communicates with whom? When two or more individuals get together is there an intended purpose? Who are the leaders/important individuals of the group? What is the organizational structure of the group? These are just a few of the questions that are covered under the topic of social network analysis. Data mining, specifically community generation, attempts to automatically discover and learn these social models. In this paper we present one class of problems which we have called the uni-party data community generation paradigm. We discuss various applications, a methodology and results from two problem domains. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5356-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5433 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.542920 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAI03 UT WOS:000222348700004 ER PT S AU Alvarez, RC Jedrysik, PA Parada, FE AF Alvarez, RC Jedrysik, PA Parada, FE BE Hopper, DG TI Warfighter feedback on large area displays in C2 environments SO DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND COCKPIT DISPLAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, and Cockpit Displays CY APR 14-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE tiled display; datawall; portable large-screen display AB Current Command and Control (C2) situations have necessitated not only the requirement for a larger and higher resolution display system, but also a propitious interactive solution that will enable warfighters to execute their mission critical tasks effectively. They are constantly faced with making key decisions utilizing massive amounts of data and information, which is not only dynamic, but originating from various sources including military applications, sensors, databases, live satellite input, and video feeds. In addition, the portability and usability of such a system are both at a premium. The decision maker's role must not to be impaired by the mechanics of utilizing the tool, but one that will facilitate better information management and an improved situational awareness to fulfill his/her mission. The Advanced Displays and Intelligent Interfaces (ADII) team at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) recognizes the challenges that our warfighters encounter, and based on their evaluations and feedback, has designed, implemented, deployed, and transitioned several evolutionary versions of the Interactive DataWall (IDW). The IDW is a collaborative, contiguous, large display solution equipped with multi-modal methods of interaction, and the ability to receive multiple sources of data in real time. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Alvarez, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5366-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5443 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.561659 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBA20 UT WOS:000224379700005 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG AF Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Military display market segment: helicopters SO DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND COCKPIT DISPLAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, and Cockpit Displays CY APR 14-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE displays; market; military; helicopters; fielded systems; developmental systems; performance parameters AB The military display market is analyzed in terms of one of its segments: helicopter displays. Parameters requiring special consideration, to include luminance ranges, contrast ratio, viewing angles, and chromaticity coordinates, are examined. Performance requirements for rotary-wing displays relative to several premier applications are summarized. Display sizes having aggregate defense applications of 5,000 units or greater and having DoD applications across 10 or more platforms, are tabulated. The issue of size commonality is addressed where distribution of active area sizes across helicopter platforms, individually, in groups of two through nine, and ten or greater, is illustrated. Rotary-wing displays are also analyzed by technology, where total quantities of such displays are broken out into CRT, LCD, AMLCD, EM, LED, Incandescent, Plasma and TFEL percentages. Custom, versus Rugged commercial, versus commercial off-the-shelf designs are contrasted. High and low information content designs are identified. Displays for several high-profile military helicopter programs are discussed, to include both technical specifications and program history. The military display market study is summarized with breakouts, for the helicopter market segment. Our defense-wide study as of March 2004 has documented 1,0 15,494 direct view and virtual image displays distributed across 1, 181 display sizes and 503 weapon systems. Helicopter displays account for 67,472 displays (just 6.6% of DoD total) and comprise 83 sizes (7.0% of total DoD) in 76 platforms (15.1% of total DoD). Some 47.6% of these rotary-wing applications involve low information content displays comprising just a few characters in one color; however, as per fixed-wing aircraft, the predominant instantiation involves higher information content units capable of showing changeable graphics, color and video. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248 Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5366-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5443 BP 88 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.561274 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBA20 UT WOS:000224379700011 ER PT S AU Meyer, FM Longo, SJ Hopper, DG AF Meyer, FM Longo, SJ Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Wrist display concept demonstration based on 2-in. color AMOLED SO DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND COCKPIT DISPLAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Defense, Security, and Cockpit Displays CY APR 14-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE wrist mounted display; WMD; wearable electronics; active matrix organic light emitting device; AMOLED AB The wrist watch needs an upgrade. Recent advances in optoelectronics, microelectronics, and communication theory have established a technology base that now make the multimedia Dick Tracy watch attainable during the next decade. As a first step towards stuffmg the functionality of an entire personnel computer (PC) and television receiver under a watch face, we have set a goal of providing wrist video capability to warfighters. Commercial sector work on the wrist form factor already includes all the functionality of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and full PC operating system. Our strategy is to leverage these commercial developments. In this paper we describe our use of a 2.2 in. diagonal color active matrix light emitting diode (AMOLED) device as a wrist-mounted display (WMD) to present either full motion video or computer generated graphical image formats. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, FM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248,AFRL HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5366-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5443 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1117/12.564888 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBA20 UT WOS:000224379700028 ER PT J AU Vandewalle, KS Ferracane, JL Hilton, TJ Erickson, RL Sakaguchi, RL AF Vandewalle, KS Ferracane, JL Hilton, TJ Erickson, RL Sakaguchi, RL TI Effect of energy density on properties and marginal integrity of posterior resin composite restorations SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE resin composite restorations; marginal integrity; degree of conversion; knoop hardness; thermal-mechanical stressing; microleakage; visual rating ID IN-VITRO MICROLEAKAGE; SHRINKAGE STRESSES; DENTIN; CONVERSION; POLYMERIZATION; ADAPTATION; CURE; FRACTURE; INVITRO; LEAKAGE AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal extent of cure required by the base of a Class 2 resin composite restoration (Z250, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) that allows it to support the rest of the restoration and maintain its marginal seat under simulated clinical conditions. Methods. Resin composite (Z250, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was placed incrementally or in bulk into Class 2 preparations in extracted human molar teeth and exposed to various Light-curing energy densities. The restorations were subjected to 1000 thermal cycles (5-55 degreesC) and 500,000 fatigue cycles from 18 to 85 N using a stainless-steel sphere. Marginal integrity was evaluated using visual rating (ridit analysis) and microleakage. Degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop hardness (KHN) were determined at the occlusal and gingival surfaces using a reusable tooth template with identical preparation dimensions. Percentage of maximum DC and KHN were determined. Mechanical properties were tested in resin composite bars having similar KHN values as the resin composite at the gingival margins. Results. Energy density had a significant effect on gingival marginal defects as determined by ridit analysis but not on microleakage. Water had a significant dissolving effect on gingival margin integrity at very low degrees of conversion and energy densities (4000 mJ/cm(2)). There was no overall significant effect of thermal-mechanical stressing on gingival marginal defects or microleakage. Significance. Based on ridit analysis, a recommended lower limit of gingival margin acceptability in the bulk-filled Z250 resin composite restoration was created by 80% of maximum conversion, 73% of maximum hardness and approximately 70% of maximum flexural strength and modulus in the gingival marginal area. (C) 2003 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Biomat & Biomech, Sch Dent, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), USAF, Dent Invest Serv, 310C B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@ndri.med.navy.mil OI Ferracane, Jack/0000-0002-6511-5488 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 07079, DE 09431] NR 54 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00124-6 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 773CN UT WOS:000188880300013 PM 14698779 ER PT J AU Rogers, SJ Willliams, CS Roman, GC AF Rogers, SJ Willliams, CS Roman, GC TI Myelopathy in Sjogren's syndrome - Role of nonsteroidal immunosuppressants SO DRUGS LA English DT Article ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM DISEASE; SYNDROME CNS-SS; ANTI-RO(SS-A) AUTOANTIBODIES; CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA; PREDNISONE; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; PATHOGENESIS; INVOLVEMENT; MANIFESTATIONS; AZATHIOPRINE AB The incidence, aetiology and optimal treatment of CNS Sjogren's syndrome, including myelopathy associated with Sjogren's syndrome, are unknown at the present time. CNS Sjogren's syndrome is thought to be the result of an autoimmune vasculitis, but other mechanisms may be important. Spinal cord involvement in CNS Sjogren's syndrome may present as acute transverse myelitis, progressive myelitis, Brown-Sequard syndrome, neurogenic bladder or lower motor neurone disease. Optic nerve pathology frequently accompanies spinal cord involvement. Acute transverse myelitis has a high mortality and appears to be the most frequent form of spinal cord involvement in CNS Sjogren's syndrome, occurring in about 1% of all patients with Sjogren's syndrome. The patient's symptomatology and clinical course dictate current treatment of myelopathy. First-line treatment appears to be corticosteroid therapy. However, when the patient's condition fails to improve or deteriorates a nonsteroidal immunosuppressant agent should be considered. Agents used to treat myelopathy include cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, azathioprine, ciclosporin (cyclosporin) and methotrexate in conjunction with corticosteroids. Most data exist as anecdotal reports. The agent of first choice, based on adverse effect profile and efficacy, appears to be cyclophosphamide given intravenously in pulse doses. Other nonsteroidal immunosuppressant agents should be considered, especially when lack of efficacy of, or intolerance to, cyclophosphamide exists in the patient's history. Glandular and other extraglandular symptoms may benefit concomitantly from the immunosuppressant treatment. In addition, when acute relief of symptomatology is needed, the patient may benefit from a trial of plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin. Infliximab (anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha antibodies) has not been used as a treatment modality for myelopathy, but has shown some usefulness in the treatment of extraglandular symptoms, as well as peripheral nervous system manifestations of Sjogren's syndrome. This agent might be considered when all other treatment modalities have failed given the presumed importance of tumour necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Pharm, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Pharm, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 6220, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM rogerss@uthscsa.edu NR 44 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ADIS INT LTD PI NORTHCOTE PA 5 THE WAREHOUSE WAY, NORTHCOTE 0627, AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND SN 0012-6667 EI 1179-1950 J9 DRUGS JI Drugs PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.2165/00003495-200464020-00001 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 771WQ UT WOS:000188809400001 PM 14717615 ER PT S AU Pozhar, LA AF Pozhar, LA BE Fourkas, JT Levitz, P Urbakh, M Wahl, KJ TI Prediction of transport properties of nanosystems and their use for virtual fabrication of nanomaterials SO DYNAMICS IN SMALL CONFINING SYSTEMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics in Small Confining Systems VII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID INHOMOGENEOUS FLUIDS; NANOFLUIDS; VISCOSITY; EQUATION; DENSE AB Fundamental statistical-mechanical expressions for transport coefficients describing transport processes in spatially inhomogeneous systems (such as nanofluids, interfacial systems, atomic clusters, etc.) and derived by the use of the functional perturbation theory (FTP) due to Pozhar and Gubbins (PG) are simplified for the use in engineering and technology. Together with explicit expressions for the charge transport properties of quantum inhomogeneous systems (such as semiconductor quantum dots, wells and wires, artificial atoms/molecules etc.) derived recently, these expressions form a basis for development of algorithms and codes to realize a virtual (i.e., fundamental theory-based, computational) synthesis of nanomaterials with predesigned transport properties for novel nanocluster- or nanopore- based catalysts and adsorbents, integrated nanocircuits, nanoheterostructures, etc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Sensor Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pozhar, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Sensor Mat Branch, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-728-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 790 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BAH09 UT WOS:000222179600021 ER PT B AU Bellaire, PJ AF Bellaire, PJ BE Daglis, IA TI Space weather research and the US air force office of scientific research (AFOSR) SO EFFECTS OF SPACE WEATHER ON TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR 25-29, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE space weather; space physics; space environments and effects AB The Air Force Office of Scientific Research recognizes of the importance of space weather to global technological infrastructure, placing a strong emphasis on targeted space physics research and development in partnership with other US federal agencies. This is exemplified by AFOSR participation in the interagency National Space Weather Program led by the National Science Foundation, the Community Coordinated Modeling Center for space weather at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, international partnerships such as the Air Force Research Laboratory's International Research Initiative, and recent DoD Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives in space weather. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Bellaire, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2747-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 176 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1007/1-4020-2754-0_17 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BBH11 UT WOS:000225480300017 ER PT B AU Levi, K AF Levi, K BE Malpica, F Welsch, F Tremante, A TI Blended learning at the college of enlisted professional military education (CEPME) SO EISTA '04: International Conference on Education and Information Systems: Technologies and Applications, Vol 3, Proceedings: EDUCATION/TRAINING AND INFORMATION/COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Education and Information Systems - Technologies and Application CY JUL 21-25, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE Ken Levi; computer based training; blended teaming; ninth house network; self-efficacy; education and training technology application program AB This study, conducted by the College for Enlisted Professional Military Education (CEPME) at Robins AFB GA and Goodfellow AFB TX, evaluated multimedia on-line technology to boost application level teaming. Ninth House Network (9H) provides leadership and management training via web-enabled computer based training (CBT) that uses professional actors and actresses. An experimental group of 70 Robins students was compared to a control group of 212 Goodfellow students. On test questions for Situational Leadership (SL), the experimental group averaged 85.5 vs. 89.5 for the control group. On test questions for Change Management (CM), the experimental group averaged 87.4 vs. an 88.3 for controls. On 18 added SL test questions, the experimental group averaged 55.3 vs. 54.1 for controls. On Self Efficacy for SL, the experimental group gained an average 0.35 points vs. 0.31 for controls. On Self Efficacy for CM, the experimental group gained an average of 0.30 points vs. 0.23 for controls. On student critiques, the average response rounded off to a "3" (Effective/applicable) on a scale of 1-4. Situational Leadership appears to be a good candidate for distance teaming, resulting in a shortening of the training pipeline and reduction in schoolhouse expense. C1 AETC SAS, Randolph AFB, TX USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2004 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BBX20 UT WOS:000228210700006 ER PT B AU Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE Cortez, R Strawser, RE Crane, RL AF Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE Cortez, R Strawser, RE Crane, RL GP ieee TI Micro-switches with sputtered Au, AuPd, Au-on-AuPt, and AuPtCu alloy electric contacts SO ELECTRICAL CONTACTS-2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 50TH IEEE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS/THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts/22nd International Conference on Electrical Contacts CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, CPMT ID ROUGH SURFACES; MEMS SWITCHES; MODEL; RESISTANCE; SIZE AB This paper is the first to report on a new analytic model for predicting micro-contact resistance and the design, fabrication, and testing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches with sputtered bi-metallic (i.e. gold (Au)-on-Au-platinum (Pt), (Au-on-Au-(6%)Pt)), binary alloy (i.e. Au-palladium (Pd), (Au-(2%)Pd)), and tertiary alloy (i.e. Au-Pt-copper (Cu), (Au-(5%)Pt-(0.5%)Cu)) electric contacts. The micro-switches with bi-metallic and binary alloy contacts resulted in contact resistance between 1 - 2 Omega and, when compared to micro-switches with sputtered An electric contacts, exhibited a 3.3 and 2.6 times increase in switching lifetime, respectively. The tertiary alloy exhibited a 6.5 times increase in switch lifetime with contact resistance ranging from 0.2-1.8 Omega. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8460-1 PY 2004 BP 214 EP 221 DI 10.1109/HOLM.2004.1353120 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBG54 UT WOS:000225448500033 ER PT S AU Fanto, ML Malowicki, JE Bussjager, RJ Johns, ST Vettese, EK Hayduk, MJ AF Fanto, ML Malowicki, JE Bussjager, RJ Johns, ST Vettese, EK Hayduk, MJ BE Pirich, AR Hayduk, MJ Donkor, E TI Harmonically mode-locked erbium-doped waveguide laser SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications VI CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE waveguide; fiber laser; single sideband residual phase noise ID NOISE AB The generation of ultrastable picosecond pulses in the 1550 nm range is required for numerous applications that include photonic analog-to-digital converter systems and high-bit rate optical communication systems. Mode-locked erbium- doped fiber ring lasers (EDFLs) are typically used to generate pulses at this wavelength. In addition to timing stability and output power, the physical size of the laser cavity is of primary importance to the Air Force. The length of the erbium (Er)-doped fiber used as the gain medium may be on the order of meters or even tens of meters which adds complexity to packaging. However, with the recent advancements in the production of multi-component glasses, higher doping concentrations can be achieved as compared to silicate glasses. Even more recent is the introduction of Er-doped multi-component glass waveguides, thus allowing the overall footprint of the gain medium to be reduced. We have constructed a novel harmonically mode-locked fiber ring laser using the Er-doped multi-component glass waveguide as the gain medium. The performance characteristics of this Er-doped waveguide laser (EDWL) including pulse width, spectral width, harmonic suppression, optical output power, laser stability and single sideband residual phase noise will be discussed in this paper. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Fanto, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5358-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5435 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.543511 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAV43 UT WOS:000223764800003 ER PT S AU McKeever, WE Gilmour, DA Hillman, RG AF McKeever, WE Gilmour, DA Hillman, RG BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI An approach to effects based modeling for way-gaming SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE effects based operations; Wargaming; military operations; center of gravity models AB Effects-based operations (EBO) are proving to be a vital part of current concepts of operations in military missions and consequently need to be an integral part of current generation wargames. EBO focuses on the producing effects from military activities, as opposed to the direct result of attacking targets. Alternatively, the emphasis of conventional wargames is focused on attrition-based modeling and is incapable of assessing effects and their contribution to the overall mission objectives. For wargames to be effective, they must allow users to evaluate multiple ways to accomplish the same goal with a combination of direct, indirect and cascading events (actions). The focus of this paper is to describe the development of a methodology for the implementation of EBO concepts into modem wargames. The design approach was to develop a generic methodology and demonstrate how simulation objects can incorporate EBO capabilities. The authors will illustrate the application of the methodology utilizing an EBO scenario example, which was developed to test the system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Direct, Adv Comp Technol Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP McKeever, WE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Direct, Adv Comp Technol Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.543438 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700005 ER PT S AU Bello, P Bringsjord, S Yang, YR AF Bello, P Bringsjord, S Yang, YR BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Cognitive architectures, rationality and next-generation AI: A Prolegomenon SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE cognitive architectures; logic; decision theory; wargaming; intelligence analysis ID ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE; ILLUSIONS; LOGIC AB Computational models that give us insight into the behavior of individuals and the organizations to which they belong will be invaluable assets in our nation's war against terrorists, and state sponsorship of terror organizations. Reasoning and decision-making are essential ingredients in the formula for human cognition, yet the two have almost exclusively been studied in isolation from one another. While we have witnessed the emergence of strong traditions in both symbolic logic, and decision theory, we have yet to describe an acceptable interface between the two. Mathematical formulations of decision-making and reasoning have been developed extensively, but both fields make assumptions concerning human rationality that are untenable at best. True to this tradition, artificial intelligence has developed architectures for intelligent agents under these same assumptions. While these digital models of "cognition" tend to perform superbly, given their tremendous capacity for calculation, it is hardly reasonable to develop simulacra of human performance using these techniques. We will discuss some the challenges associated with the problem of developing integrated cognitive systems for use in modelling, simulation, and analysis, along with some ideas for the future. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, IF Informat Direct, Rome, NY USA. RP Bello, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, IF Informat Direct, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.542775 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700010 ER PT S AU Trevisani, D Busch, T Sisti, A AF Trevisani, D Busch, T Sisti, A BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI A flexible simulation environment for command and control SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE joint semi-automated forces; HLA federation; operationally focused simulation; joint synthetic battlespace; command and control AB A 1995 vision statement for Air Force Modeling and Simulation (M&S) highlighted the need for a Joint Synthetic Battlespace (JSB); an environment wherein warfighters could train and exercise on their real-world equipment while immersed in a realistic contingency or wartime environment. This paper describes our efforts to develop a Joint Synthetic Battlespace for Research and Development (JSB-RD), which will provide a realistic environment within which technologies being developed at AFRL's Information Directorate can be analyzed and tested. Where possible, this environment will attach to operational systems in order to provide military realism that will ultimately improve and shorten the tech transition process. This reconfigurable testbed will provide scalability and evolve over time building upon previous federations, attaching to other federations, while incorporating lessons learned along the way. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Trevisani, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 320 EP 331 DI 10.1117/12.554519 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700031 ER PT S AU McQuay, WK AF McQuay, WK BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI The collaboration grid: Trends for next generation distributed collaborative environments SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE collaboration; collaborative environment; simulation; decision support AB Distributed collaboration will be a pervasive technology that will significantly change how decisions are made in the 21(st) century. Advanced collaborative technologies are evolving rapidly with changes in the underlying computer and information technology. Collaboration is typically defined as two or more geographically dispersed entities working together to share and exchange data, information, knowledge, and actions. This paper will address how evolving technologies and new trends such as web services and grid computing will impact distributed collaborative environments. A new conceptual environment called the Collaboration Grid based on these new standards is evolving. The marriage of advanced information, collaboration, and simulation technologies will provide the decision maker with a new generation of collaborative virtual environments for planning and decision support. C1 USAF, Informat Directorate, IFSD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuay, WK (reprint author), USAF, Informat Directorate, IFSD, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1117/12.541908 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700034 ER PT S AU Kochan, MJ Farrell, TA AF Kochan, MJ Farrell, TA BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Multi-domain operations science & technology SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE multi-domain operations; multi-level security; cross-domain information exchange; information sharing; service oriented architectures; Coalition operations; collaboration; multi-domain windowing; session management AB It is said that information superiority is perhaps the greatest asset in war. In this era of both network and Coalition centric warfare, each aimed at establishing information dominance, technologies which support multi-domain operations are more critical than ever. This paper examines the components of multi-domain operations and presents two complementary methods, cross-domain information sharing and multi-domain windowing, to achieve its four major functions: dissemination, discovery & retrieval, collaboration, and resource management. Analysis of these method based solutions reveals the opportunity to devise a collection of services which align with DoD and industry migration towards service oriented architectures as well as more diversity in secure networking schemes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Hanlding Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Kochan, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Hanlding Branch, 32 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1117/12.548264 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700035 ER PT B AU Ng, TT AF Ng, TT BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI PPT fuel with reinforcements SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB The introduction of micro-satellites has revolutionized the space missions. The mass of this small satellite is very critical to the mission. Any weight savings will benefit significantly towards the orbital lifetime or revenue-producing life of a communications satellite. One of the weight saving schemes is by using the solid propulsion fuel as load bearing material (structural components of the. spacecraft). An experimental investigation was conducted on the elastic modulus of the Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) fuel with various reinforcements. The PPT is used for guidance, navigation, and control in these satellites. PPT uses solid Teflon propellant. However, Teflon cannot be used alone since the material is very soft. Reinforcing the fuel with high modulus fibers will enhance the structural performance of the fuel. Therefore, an experimental program was carried out to study the structural properties of the reinforced fuel. In this paper, the result of the reinforced fuel with different materials will be presented. Different fabric contents were also investigated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Ng, TT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 573 EP 579 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400080 ER PT B AU de Blonk, BJ AF de Blonk, BJ BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Application of advanced mirror technology to meter-class and larger apertures SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB The purpose of this paper is to present the basis of applying advanced mirror technology to aerospace applications with meter-class or larger apertures. The basic trend in advanced mirror technology away from traditional glass materials is leading to materials and manufacturing methods with the promise of reduced fabrication time and cost for large apertures. Derivations and discussions motivate a set of metrics for mirror performance and technology development, and scaling laws are generated for understanding the relationship between geometry and performance for a given technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP de Blonk, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 867 EP 874 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400119 ER PT B AU Higgins, JE Wegner, P Keith, W Ratz, O AF Higgins, JE Wegner, P Keith, W Ratz, O BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Design and testing of all-composite connections for launch vehicle payload adapters SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB The Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, is currently investigating several composite design configurations for all composite bolted connection flanges. These efforts have been directed toward adapter connections for the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV). Designs were investigated and tested for the EELV Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) and for EELV 4 and 5-meter conic payload adapter variations with a 1780 mm forward connection diameter. These adapters support the payload(s) on the launch vehicle and must be carried to orbit with the payload. The original ESPA adapter design was conceived and developed as an aluminum ring structure to support a main payload and a cluster of six smaller payloads (each weighing a few hundred kilograms). Specimens with composite connections were designed fabricated by ATK and tested by AFRL. These were compared to the response of an ESPA equivalent aluminum substructure. Acceptable structure response was identified for several or these composite design alternatives. The 1780 mm payload adapter is being designed by Boeing (Huntington Beach) and built by ATK (Salt Lake City, UT and Iuka, MS) to provide improved adaptability to a variety of future commercial Delta IV and EELV missions. The design forces introduce high interlaminar tension stress at the bend of the flange. The resulting design makes limited use of composite Z-pinning to reinforce critical sections. Substructures were fabricated by ATK and designed and tested by Boeing. Additionally a complete conic substructure of the forward 50 cm of the adapter containing the composite forward flange has been built by ATK in Iuka, MS. AFRL tested this structure and the test results confirm that this composite flange can be used for a final design of the adapter shell. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. RP Higgins, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 898 EP 905 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400123 ER PT B AU Guerrero, J Hamilton, B Burton, R Crockett, D AF Guerrero, J Hamilton, B Burton, R Crockett, D BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Hydrogen peroxide compatible tankage development at the air force research laboratory SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB The United States Air Force is developing a responsive Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) capability to accomplish military missions. This concept is referred to as the Military Spaceplane (MSP). The MSP requires both expendable and reusable upper stages to effectively achieve operational mission requirements. Both of these upper stage concepts are considering high-concentration hydrogen peroxide as their oxidizer, due to its responsiveness and operability. This paper will focus on the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Upper Stage Flight Experiment (USFE) integral structure development effort. The integral structure refers to the stage skirt with an integral composite tank. Design and fabrication risk for the operational system has been mitigated via this program. The USFE tank is the world's first composite integral structure designed to be Class I compatible with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Lightweight hydrogen peroxide compatible tankage development is of interest to the international aerospace community because it provides considerable benefits. Hydrogen peroxide and hydrocarbon fuel (H2O2/RP) can be stored unpressurized and are relatively nontoxic, which makes it safer to handle and store compared to bipropellants such as Nitrogen Tetraoxide and Monomethyl Hydrazine (NTO/MMH). In addition to being a viable bipropellant oxidizer, hydrogen peroxide can also serve as a monopropellant for an Attitude Control System (ACS). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Spececraft Component Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Guerrero, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Spececraft Component Technol Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 906 EP 914 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400124 ER PT B AU Lips, JA Ng, TT Maji, AK AF Lips, JA Ng, TT Maji, AK BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Impact of thermal cycles on deployment accuracy of elastic memory composites SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB Currently on orbit deployment of large structural components is accomplished via heavy, high part count mechanisms, which have unfavorable frequency response characteristics. These existing deployment mechanisms may, in the future, be replaced by shape memory Or Elastic Memory Composite (EMC) components. Many of these deployable components require precise control of their deployed position. However, there is concern that prior to launch, during transport and staging, these structural components may experience thermal cycles due to repeated exposure to direct sunlight, which may result in reduced deployment accuracy. An experimental effort was conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, at Kirtland AFB, NM., to determine whether or not this degradation actually occurs in this material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Lips, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 938 EP 945 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400128 ER PT J AU Pang, LP Close, M Goltz, M Sinton, L Davies, H Hall, C Stanton, G AF Pang, LP Close, M Goltz, M Sinton, L Davies, H Hall, C Stanton, G TI Estimation of septic tank setback distances based on transport of E-coli and F-RNA phages SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE septic tanks; setback distance; groundwater protection; modelling; microbial transport ID ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AQUIFER; POROUS-MEDIA; ENTERIC VIRUSES; BACTERIA TRANSPORT; SANDY AQUIFER; WASTE-WATER; BACTERIOPHAGES; GROUNDWATER; SOILS; SURVIVAL AB Setback distances between septic tank systems and the shorelines of Lake Okareka, New Zealand were determined from model simulations for a worst-case scenario, using the highest hydraulic conductivity and gradient measured in the field, removal rates of the microbial indicators (Escherichia coli and F-RNA phages) determined from a column experiment, and maximum values of the design criteria for the disposal system, and assuming an absence of an unsaturated zone, a continuous discharge of the raw effluent from a failed or non-complying treatment system (both indicators at concentrations of 1 X 10(7) counts/100 ml) into the groundwater and no sorption of pathogens in the aquifer. Modelling results suggest that the minimal setback distances were 16 m to satisfy the New Zealand Recreational Water Quality Guidelines for E. coli < 126 per 100 ml (Ministry for the Environment, 1999) and 48 m to meet the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand 2000 for enteric virus < I per 100 1 (Ministry of Health, 2000). These distances may be applicable for other lakeshores in pumice sand aquifers with groundwater velocities <7 m/day. Findings of laboratory column and batch experiments provided an insight into the microbial attenuation and transport processes in pumice sand aquifers. Bacterial removal was predominately through filtration (87-88%) and partially by die-off (12-13%), while viral removal was by both die-off (45%) and filtration (55%). In addition, microbial die-off in groundwater without aquifer material (i.e., free microbes) was much lower than die-off in groundwater with aquifer material (i.e., sorbed microbes) and contributed only 2-6% to the total removal. This implies that the setback distances estimated from die-off rates for the free microbes, determined in the laboratory without considering aquifer media and other removal processes, which are often reported in the literature, could be larger than necessary. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pang, LP (reprint author), Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, POB 29181, Christchurch, New Zealand. OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 7 BP 907 EP 921 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00054-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758WQ UT WOS:000187674900004 PM 14592568 ER PT J AU Barnum, BH Winstead, NS Wesely, J Hakola, A Colarco, PR Toon, OB Ginoux, P Brooks, G Hasselbarth, L Toth, B AF Barnum, BH Winstead, NS Wesely, J Hakola, A Colarco, PR Toon, OB Ginoux, P Brooks, G Hasselbarth, L Toth, B TI Forecasting dust storms using the CARMA-dust model and MM5 weather data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE dust storm forecasting; MM5 weather model; CARMA model; skill scores; mineral dust ID OPTICAL-THICKNESS; WIND EROSION; MINERAL DUST; TRANSPORT; VERIFICATION; PREDICTION; THRESHOLD; PARTICLES; EMISSION; AIR AB An operational model for the forecast of dust storms in Northern Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia has been developed for the United States Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA). The dust forecast model uses the 5th generation Penn State Mesoscale Meteorology Model (MM5) as input to the University of Colorado CARMA dust transport model. AFWA undertook a 60 day evaluation of the effectiveness of the dust model to make short, medium and long- range (72 h) forecasts of dust storms. The study is unique in using satellite and ground observations of dust storms to score the model's effectiveness using standard meteorological statistics. Each of the main forecast regions was broken down into smaller areas for more detailed analysis. The study found the forecast model is an effective forecast tool with Probability of Detection of dust storm occurrence exceeding 68 percent over Northern Africa, with a 16 percent False Alarm Rate. Southwest Asia forecasts had average Probability of Detection values of 61 percent with False Alarm Rates averaging 10 percent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USAF, Weather Agcy, Offut AFB, NE USA. Univ Colorado, PAOS Grp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barnum, BH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ben.bamum@jhuapl.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00115-4 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800004 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR AF O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR TI Reduction of halogenated ethanes by green rust SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxide; reductive dehalogenation; chlorinated ethanes; chlorinated hydrocarbons; ethylene dibromide ID PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; AQUEOUS CORROSION; CHROMATE REMOVAL; CLAY-MINERALS; AU-III; CU-II; AG-I; IRON; TRANSFORMATION AB Green rusts, mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) hydroxide minerals present in many suboxic environments, have been shown to reduce a number of organic and inorganic contaminants. The reduction of halogenated ethanes was examined in aqueous suspensions of green rust, both alone and with the addition of Ag(I) (AgGR) and Cu(II) (CuGR). Hexachloroethane (HCA), pentachloroethane (PCA), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1, 1,2-TCA), 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), and 1,2-dibromoethane were reduced in the presence of green rust alone, AgGR, or CuGR; only 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroethane were nonreactive. The reduction was generally more rapid for more highly substituted ethanes than for ethanes having fewer halogen groups (HCA > PCA > 1,1,1,2-TeCA > 1,1,1 -TCA > 1,1,2,2-TeCA > 1,1,2-TCA > 1,1-DCA), and isomers with the more asymmetric distributions of halogen groups were more rapidly reduced than the isomer with greater symmetry (e.g., 1,1,1-TCA > 1,1,2-TCA). The addition of Ag(I) or Cu(II) to green rust suspensions resulted in a substantial increase in the rate of halogenated ethane reduction as well as significant differences in the product distributions with respect to green rust alone. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Integrated Sci & Technol, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. RP O'Loughlin, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM oloughlin@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529 NR 40 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1897/03-45 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 761JF UT WOS:000187897200007 PM 14768865 ER PT J AU Sanford, GE Welsh, JS AF Sanford, GE Welsh, JS TI EELV secondary payload adapter (ESPA) static qualification tests SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sanford, GE (reprint author), CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 776NZ UT WOS:000189123500011 ER PT J AU Lemaire, A Meyer, TR Zahringer, K Gord, JR Rolon, JC AF Lemaire, A Meyer, TR Zahringer, K Gord, JR Rolon, JC TI PIV/PLIF investigation of two-phase vortex-flame interactions: effects of vortex size and strength SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID PREMIXED FLAME; EXTINCTION; REGIMES; IMAGES AB The evolution of flame surface area and rate of CH layer extinction are measured during the interaction of a two-phase counterflow diffusion flame with fuel-side vortices of varying size and strength. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of CH is used to mark the flame front and particle-image velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure the strain rate field at various phases of the interaction process. Vortices of similar initial circulation but differing in size showed widely disparate peak strain rates and CH decay rates because of varying levels of flame-induced vortex dissipation. Vortex size is also found to have a significant effect on flame surface area evolution during and after extinction, with the presence of droplets playing a significant role in the latter. Implications of these results for the fundamental understanding of vortex-flame interactions are discussed. C1 Ecole Cent Paris, Lab EM2C, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rolon, JC (reprint author), Ecole Cent Paris, Lab EM2C, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. EM rolon@em2c.ecp.fr RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s00348-003-0608-y PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 774TM UT WOS:000189001000005 ER PT S AU Barnes, PN Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Mukhopadhyay, SM Grant, JT AF Barnes, PN Tolliver, JC Haugan, TJ Mukhopadhyay, SM Grant, JT BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Evaluating superconducting YBCO film properties using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID RECENT PROGRESS; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; TAPES AB Initial results have been recently reported that suggest a potential correlation exists between the full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of the Y(3d) peak obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the critical current density a YBa2CU3O7-x film can carry. In particular, the Y(3d(5/2)) demonstrated a stronger correlation. Transport currents were determined. by the 4-point contact method using the 1 muV/cm criterion. An apparent correlation was also suggested between the Y(3d) FWHM and ac loss data from magnetic susceptibility measurements. In this report, a few additional data points were acquired to further test the usefulness of the correlations. Samples were created by pulsed laser deposition of YBa2CU3O7-x on LaAlO3 substrates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRPG, Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000004 ER PT S AU Nekkanti, RM Barnes, PN Brunke, LB Haugan, TJ Yust, NA Maartense, I Murphy, JP Sathiraju, S Evans, JM Tolliver, JC Marken, KR AF Nekkanti, RM Barnes, PN Brunke, LB Haugan, TJ Yust, NA Maartense, I Murphy, JP Sathiraju, S Evans, JM Tolliver, JC Marken, KR BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Pulsed laser deposition of YBCO with yttrium oxide buffer layers SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID COATED CONDUCTORS; TEXTURED NI; MICROSTRUCTURE; ARCHITECTURES AB Textured metallic substrate based HTS coated conductors with the YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/CeO2/Ni architecture have already been shown to exhibit high current densities. The CeO2 seed layer can effectively minimize the formation of NiO during the initial deposition on Ni and the CeO2 cap layer provides good lattice matching to the subsequent YBCO layer. However, there are reports of cracks developing in the CeO2 seed layer after a thicker growth due to a lattice mismatch with Ni, which can lead to poor performance of the YBCO conductor. The present work explores an alternate approach by using yttrium oxide not only as the seed layer but also as the cap layer in place of CeO2. In the literature, yttriurn oxide films grown on nickel by electron beam evaporation processes were found to be dense and crack-free with good epitaxy. This is likely the first report of using Y2O3 as a seed as well as a cap layer within the YBCO coated conductor architecture on specimens being fabricated in a single chamber. Pulsed laser deposition was used to perform deposition of all layers. Preliminary experiments resulted in specimens with current densities of more than 1 MA/cm(2) at 77K in self field. Characterization of samples was accomplished using x-ray diffraction, both resistive and ac susceptibility derived T-c, and J(c) transport measurements. C1 USAF, AFRL PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nekkanti, RM (reprint author), USAF, AFRL PRPG, Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000009 ER PT S AU Haugan, TJ Evans, JM Tolliver, JC Maartense, I Barnes, PN Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Shull, RD AF Haugan, TJ Evans, JM Tolliver, JC Maartense, I Barnes, PN Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Shull, RD BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Flux pinning and properties of solid-solution (Y,Nd)(1+x)Ba-2-xCu3O7-delta superconductors processed in AIR and partial oxygen atmospheres SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; SUBSTITUTION; CRYSTALS; SITES AB The effect of chemical composition substitutions on the flux pinning and physical properties of (YNd)(1+x)Ba2-xCu3O7-delta superconductors was studied in powders processed by solid-state reaction and equilibrated in air at 910degreesC. The powders were subsequently processed in 1% O-2 atmosphere at < 920degreesC to increase the superconducting transition temperature (T.) and critical current density (J(c)). After processing in air, the powders were nearly pure single-phase compositions as determined by X-ray diffraction. Powders were finally annealed in 100% O-2 atmosphere at temperatures < 500 degreesC to maximize T-c. The T(c)s of the powders were measured by ac susceptibility and dc magnetization methods. Annealing powders with a final step in 1% 02 atmosphere compared to processing in air significantly enhanced T from 65-90 K to > 92 K for all compositions tested, and also increased J(c) from about similar to10(3)-10(5) A/cm(2) to similar to10(6) A/cm(2). The flux pinning properties varied depending on exact composition, and the intrinsic behaviors changed with the final 1% O-2 annealing treatment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2645 5th St Ste 13, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 151 EP 162 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000018 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ Rice, RR Cunningham, P AF Bochove, EJ Rice, RR Cunningham, P BE Durvasula, LN TI Nonlinear mode competition and phasing in Yb-doped fiber amplifier SO FIBER LASERS: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE fiber lasers and amplifiers; nonlinear optics; Kerr effect ID LASER ARRAY AB We used coupled-mode theory in an Yb-doped multimode fiber amplifier to compute the effects of gain saturation, nonlinear index, and fiber curvature on the evolution of the field. A positive nonlinear index results in power transfer to lower-order modes, usually the fundamental LP10 mode, and for negative nonlinear index the reverse is predicted. The nonlinear interaction between modes breaks the core's cylindrical symmetry, resulting in recombination of degenerate LP mode pairs into super-modes: consisting of an expected in- and anti-phase pair, but also a quadrature super-mode that reflects an increase of "information" capacity associated with nonlinearity. Convergence to all three super-modes was observed in our simulations, but the last more often. We also present observed evidence of mode phasing in experiments with two fiber amplifiers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5243-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5335 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.530334 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAO16 UT WOS:000223058400020 ER PT J AU Subramanian, CS King, PI Reeder, MF Ou, SC Rivir, RB AF Subramanian, CS King, PI Reeder, MF Ou, SC Rivir, RB TI Effects of strong irregular roughness on the turbulent boundary layer SO FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article DE random roughness; turbulent boundary layer; inner layer scaling; gas turbine blade roughness ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; WALL; SMOOTH AB Some recent studies with irregular roughness suggest that the Nikuradse [Nikuradse, J., NACA TM 1292, National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics ( 1933)] equivalent sand-grain roughness measure gives inconsistent results of the flow characteristics. In situations where the roughness is very strong to stifle or diminish the viscous effects the viscous scaling laws alone will not be very meaningful. The present study aims to find an alternative scaling parameter for such cases. Here, the measured mean and turbulent velocity profiles on a nonuniform roughness surface, simulating a gas turbine blade roughness, are presented. A nonzero wall normal pressure gradient is caused which is believed to contribute to the velocity deficit in the near-wall rough boundary layer velocity profile. The surface pressure variation is also directly influenced by the local roughness. The normal turbulent stresses are increased on the rough surface, the vertical component more than the longitudinal component. A pressure gradient velocity scale ( similar to that proposed for adverse pressure gradient boundary layer modeling by Durbin and Belcher [ Durbin, P. A. and Belcher, S. E., J. Fluid Mech. 238 ( 1992), 699-722] is defined to capture the pressure effects induced by such roughness on the inner layer properties. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanian, CS (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM subraman@fit.edu OI Subramanian, Chelakara S./0000-0003-4149-2972 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6184 J9 FLOW TURBUL COMBUST JI Flow Turbul. Combust. PY 2004 VL 72 IS 2-4 BP 349 EP 368 DI 10.1023/B:APPL.0000044398.20935.3e PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 861AW UT WOS:000224389500014 ER PT S AU Riker, JF AF Riker, JF BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Air Force research laboratory program in active tracking SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lasers; illuminators; active tracking; beam control; large optics AB Large laser systems have historically been considered as weapons, but recently, the Air Force has pursued lower power lasers for the purpose of actively tracking targets of interest. In this paper, we will apply some recent results in active tracking system design to the problem of precisely tracking small objects at low elevations from the AFRL Maui site. The intent is to develop technology that applies not only to the higher power laser systems, but also for stand-alone purposes such as precision tracking and target stabilization. We will also indicate some potential benefit to a relay mirror hovering directly above the Maui site as a way around the very strong atmospheric effects encountered in low-elevation engagements. Progress has also permitted us to consider using lasers for more subtle applications such as target designation, tracking, and discrimination. In this paper, we will review the state of the art of active tracking, including effects such as laser beam quality, diffraction, atmospheric turbulence, and other aspects of laser interactions with the propagation environment. We will present the theory for using relatively low-power lasers in tracking applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Riker, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.512262 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100015 ER PT S AU Eaton, FD Kelly, PR Kyrazis, DT Ricklin, JC AF Eaton, FD Kelly, PR Kyrazis, DT Ricklin, JC BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Impact of realistic turbulence conditions on laser beam propagation SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE optical turbulence; refractive index structure parameter; inner scale; outer scale; eddy dissipation rate; meteorological parameters ID VHF RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SANDS-MISSILE-RANGE; WHITE-SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; VERTICAL PROFILES; GRAVITY-WAVES AB Methodology is presented using observations from a radar and new measurement system to address several fundamental turbulence issues related to laser beam propagation that impact high energy laser (HEL) and laser communication systems. The successful design and operation of these laser systems require high-fidelity realistic laser beam propagation models coupled with a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the real turbulent atmosphere. To date, modeling and simulation of laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence have relied upon a traditional theoretical basis that assumes the existence of homogeneous, isotropic, stationary, and Kolmogorov turbulence. The approach and methodology is discussed to assess the impact of real atmospheric turbulence on laser beam propagation. Analysis will include effects of non-classical turbulence as well as inner (l(o)) and outer scale (L-o) effects. Data will be obtained from a new measurement platform using a free-flying balloon that lifts a ring with a boom upon which are mounted fine wire (1 mum diameter) sensors to measure high-speed temperature and velocity fluctuations from which the turbulent quantities can be calculated including the refractive index structure parameter (C-n(2)) and the eddy dissipation rate (epsilon). The "ring" is actually 8-sided with a diameter of 30 feet and trails the balloon with several risers. This design eliminates contamination of the balloon wake that plagues conventional systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Eaton, FD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.563470 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200028 ER PT S AU Shay, TM Benham, V AF Shay, TM Benham, V BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI First experimental demonstration of phase locking of optical fiber arrays by RF phase modulation SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE phase locking; fiber array phase locking; optical phase locking ID LASER ARRAY; BEAM AB A novel high accuracy all electronic technique for phase locking large arrays of optical fibers is demonstrated. We report the first demonstration of RF phase modulation phase locking for fiber arrays and measure a fringe visibility of 97%. Phase locking was maintained for phase disturbances of 20,000 waves/sec. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1117/12.597455 PG 7 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200032 ER PT S AU Druffner, CJ Perram, GP AF Druffner, CJ Perram, GP BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Using high speed imagery during the pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-X to identify key process control parameters SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA AB One of the manufacturing keys to incorporating high temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x wires into new generator designs is the ability to Manufacture continuous long lengths of wires or tapes with the correct superconducting properties over the entire piece. Manufacturing by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) of such long wires may require continuous deposition for several days even with very high laser pulse repetition rates. This long time deposition amplifies the need for sensors that can relate the film quality at the time and point of deposition inside of the chamber. Having a real time process control feedback sensor would allow in-process adjustment to the deposition eliminating the need to try to fix deviations in the film properties in post processing, which may not be possible or cost effective. An investigation into developing optical signal correlations between the in-flight plasma plume imagery and the properties of a deposited wire section at production conditions has been undertaken. The goal is to develop a transferable external monitoring system for PLD deposition. An intensified, gated CCD camera has been used to observe the PLD plume propagation dynamics with high spatial (200 mum) and temporal (50 ns) resolution. Plume imagery, with 100's of video frames per plume movie, have been obtained with several band pass filters to restrict the emission to various components of the plume, iucluding Ba, Cu, Y, O, and YO. The plumes are highly forward peaked, with a cos(n)(theta) angular distribution where n = 50 - 1000, depending on the propagation distance, pressure and time. The dependence of the forward peaking on laser fluence, oxygen pressure. Plume expansion time, and emitting specie has been characterized. Most significantly, a preliminary correlation has been identified between the difference in species angular distributions in the plume and the critical currents of those deposited films. Plume images have also been analyzed to characterize the time-of-flight speed distributions. C1 USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Druffner, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Air Force Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700019 ER PT S AU Kee, PD Perram, GP AF Kee, PD Perram, GP BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Accurate determination of BaI and YI electronic temperatures during the pulsed laser deposition of YBa2CU3O7-x SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA C1 USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kee, PD (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Air Force Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700020 ER PT S AU Sathiraju, S Murphy, JP Evans, JM Campbell, AL Brunke, LB Barnes, PN AF Sathiraju, S Murphy, JP Evans, JM Campbell, AL Brunke, LB Barnes, PN BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Substrate planarization studies on IBAD substrates SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA AB To achieve high critical currents in second generation superconductors deposited on metallic Substrates, Substrate average roughness and texture of the buffer layer are key factors. This study is about Planarization of ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) substrates using an inductively coupled radio frequency (RF) discharge operating at 13.56MHz. The inductively coupled discharge system was constructed using a pancake coil antenna. Linearized substrates were created by exposure to an Ar plasma for varying Ar pressures (8 mTorr - 1 Torr) and time 15 minutes to 1 hr. Surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well Surface profilometer. Unpolished Inconel substrates have been studied under varying RF plasma conditions, such as pressure (8 mTorr to 1 Torr), RF power (50 Watts to 200watts) and etch time (15 to 60 minutes) to determine the effects on substrate roughness. Average surface roughness (Ra) of the planarized samples was measured using AFM and KLA-TENCOR surface profilometer (SP). The best Ra observed on plasma etched substrate is 4 nm under 240 mTorr pressure and 100 watts RF power and 30 minutes time from AFM analysis. The Ra values for Inconel substrates vary between 35-51 nm under varying conditions. Our initial results suggest that there is a decreasing tendency in Ra with the increase of Ar pressure. C1 USAF, NRC, Propuls Res & Power Generat Branch, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sathiraju, S (reprint author), USAF, NRC, Propuls Res & Power Generat Branch, Air Force Res Lab, 2645 5th St,Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 81 EP 83 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700021 ER PT S AU Yust, N Nekkanti, R Brunke, L Barnes, P AF Yust, N Nekkanti, R Brunke, L Barnes, P BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Textured copper metallic substrates for 2(nd) generation high temperature superconductor applications SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; TAPES AB Sharp cube textured Cu (100) tapes have been produced as a possible substrate for epitaxially grown conductive, intermediate metallic or ceramic buffer layers with Subsequent deposition of high critical current density YBa2Cu3O7-X (YBCO) films. Cu substrates were fabricated from rods and foils by smooth cold rolling followed by recrystallization. Detailed x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies along with orientation imaging microscopy were performed to measure the in-plane alignment, out-of-plane alignment and microtexture for different annealing temperatures. The best full width half-maximum (FWHM) values of 5.4degrees for in-plane alignment and 5.8degrees for out-of-plane alignment were obtained at 750degreesC annealing temperature. Microtexture results indicate more than 97.5% of grains have less than 10degrees misorientation. C1 USAF, Air Force Res Lab, PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yust, N (reprint author), USAF, Air Force Res Lab, PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700022 ER PT S AU Barnes, PN Maartense, I Peterson, TL Haugan, TJ Westerfield, AL Brunke, LB Sathiraju, S Tolliver, JC AF Barnes, PN Maartense, I Peterson, TL Haugan, TJ Westerfield, AL Brunke, LB Sathiraju, S Tolliver, JC BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Correlation of AC loss data from magnetic susceptibility measurements with YBCO film quality SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; PRESSURE; GROWTH AB It has been previously suggested that with spreading of the temperature-dependent ac susceptibility curves with increasing applied magnetic field, the quality of the YBCO film generally decreases. However, a documented study of this correlation to current transport properties using the imaginary or loss component of ac susceptibility data is not available. A detailed study was performed using the available data on YBCO films produced by pulsed laser deposition on different substrates which included LAO, STO, and buffered metallic substrates. The DeltaT between the temperatures at which the maxima in the ac loss occurs for 0.025 and 2.2 Oe applied magnetic fields (peak to peak of chi") was determined. In addition, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the chi" vs. T width (DeltaT) of the loss component of susceptibility data was determined for the 0.025 Oe magnetic field data and the 2.2 Oe magnetic field data for comparison. A correlation on this level may prove useful as a preliminary screen of YBCO film quality, especially as good YBCO films can now be routinely made. C1 USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 133 EP 135 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700034 ER PT S AU Sathiraju, S Yust, NA Nekkanti, RN Martense, I Campbell, AL Peterson, TL Haugan, TJ Tolliver, JC Barnes, PN AF Sathiraju, S Yust, NA Nekkanti, RN Martense, I Campbell, AL Peterson, TL Haugan, TJ Tolliver, JC Barnes, PN BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Growth optimization of YBa2NbO6 buffer layers SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID FILMS AB The growth optimization of YBa2NbO6 (YBNO) buffer layers on LaAlO3 (100), MO (100) single crystals, and IB AD MgO buffered Inconel substrates has been investigated. X-ray diffraction confirms the epitaxial growth of highly h00 oriented YBNO thin films on single crystal substrates and IBAD MgO buffered Inconel Substrates. The best average surface roughness of the YBNO films deposited on buffered substrates is 2 nm. The critical temperature (T-c) of YBa2Cu3O7-x (Y-123) thin films deposited on these YBNO buffer layers ranges from 80 to 87 K. The deposition of YBNO may be further optimized and the FBAD MgO layers were only of sufficient quality to test for compatibility and epitaxial growth of the new buffer. Hence, the results presented here are preliminary in nature and can be improved upon. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, NRC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, NRC, 2645 5th St,Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 177 EP 179 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700045 ER PT S AU Vasilyev, V Drehman, A Dauplaise, H Bouthillette, L AF Vasilyev, V Drehman, A Dauplaise, H Bouthillette, L BE Abernathy, CR Gusev, EP Schlom, D Stemmer, S TI Optical and dielectric properties of Eu- and Y-polytantalate thin films SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NOVEL OXIDE/SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Novel Oxide/Semiconductor Interfaces held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID X-RAY; CONDUCTION; CRYSTALS AB Due to their highly efficient photo-luminescent (PL) characteristics, the physical properties of rare-earth polytantalates, RETa7O19 (RE=Eu and Y) were further studied. AFM, SEM, HRTEM, x-ray reflectometry, spectroscopic ellipsometry and standard dielectric testing were used to determine film thickness, roughness, index of refraction, band-gap, dielectric constant, leakage cur-rent and breakdown field for as-deposited (amorphous) and post-annealed (crystalline) films. Structural and morphological properties of the Film/SiO2/Si interfaces were also examined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Vasilyev, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-724-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 786 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY87J UT WOS:000189483800025 ER PT S AU Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC TI A muiltiwatt All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) SO GAS AND CHEMICAL LASERS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Applications III CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID QUENCHING RATE CONSTANTS; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CHEMICAL-LASER; NCL(A(1)DELTA); TRANSITION; CL+HN3; ATOMS AB The demonstration and characterization of a multiwatt All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) are described. A 20-cm subsonic reactor was used to produce NCl(a(1)Delta) for a series parametric studies of the I*(P-2(1/2)) - I(P-2(3/2)) small signal gain and extracted power dependence on reactant flow rates and reaction time. A reduction in the flow channel height led to improved performance. The highest measured gain was 4.2 x 10(-4) cm(-1) and the highest power observed was 31 W. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5242-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5334 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.537741 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAF38 UT WOS:000221994800001 ER PT S AU Madden, TJ Miller, JH AF Madden, TJ Miller, JH BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC TI Predictions of flow unsteadiness in gas laser flowfields SO GAS AND CHEMICAL LASERS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Applications III CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; ZONE STRUCTURE; CROSS-FLOW; NEAR-FIELD; JET C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5242-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5334 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.537745 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAF38 UT WOS:000221994800006 ER PT S AU Manke, GC Hewett, KB Wisniewski, CF Truman, CR Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Hewett, KB Wisniewski, CF Truman, CR Hager, GD BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC TI On the presence of rotational nonequilibrium in a supersonic HF laser SO GAS AND CHEMICAL LASERS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Applications III CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHEMICAL-LASER; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; GAIN MEASUREMENTS; REACTION PRODUCTS; RATES AB Overtone small signal gain data measured while operating a small-scale HF laser saturated on the fundamental transitions are compared with fundamental lasing output spectra and spontaneous overtone emission spectra measured orthogonal to the lasing axis. In all cases, the data are consistent with an equilibrium rotational distribution. These results are discussed in terms of their applicability to the question of rotational nonequilibrium in cw HF lasers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5242-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5334 BP 122 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.537753 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAF38 UT WOS:000221994800014 ER PT S AU Wisniewski, CF Hewett, KB Manke, GC Truman, CR Hager, GD AF Wisniewski, CF Hewett, KB Manke, GC Truman, CR Hager, GD BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC TI Spatially resolved sub-Doppler overtone gain measurements on a small-scale supersonic HF laser SO GAS AND CHEMICAL LASERS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Applications III CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB The small signal gain of a small-scale HF overtone laser was measured using a sub-Doppler tunable diode laser system. Measurements of reactant concentration, flow velocity and gain length were also made. The spatially resolved, two-dimensional small signal gain and temperature maps that were generated show a highly inhomogeneous gain medium indicating the dominant role played by mixing of the H, and F streams in HF laser performance. The measured gain and temperature data were analyzed with the aid of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. The results show that reactant mixing mechanisms have a large effect on the gain averaged over a vertical profile while kinetic rate mechanisms, including reaction rate constants and reactant concentration, have a greater effect on the maximum system gain. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wisniewski, CF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5242-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5334 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.537755 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAF38 UT WOS:000221994800016 ER PT S AU Burns, DJ May, KT AF Burns, DJ May, KT BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI On parameterizing models of antigen-antibody binding dynamics on surfaces - A genetic algorithm approach and the need for speed SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA AB This paper discusses the performance of a simple GA for parameterizing a particular biomodel consisting of a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. Comments are offered on the need for speed that motivates choice of language and processing platform for solving scaled problems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. RP Burns, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. EM burnds@rl.af.mil; mayk@clarkson.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 497 EP 498 PN 1 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200051 ER PT S AU Kleeman, MP Day, RO Lamont, GB AF Kleeman, MP Day, RO Lamont, GB BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI Analysis of a parallel MOEA solving the multi-objective quadratic assignment problem SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION GECCO 2004 , PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA C1 USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kleeman, MP (reprint author), USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.Kleeman@afit.eduy; Richard.Day@afit.edu; Gary.Lamont@afit.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22343-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3103 BP 402 EP 403 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBD76 UT WOS:000225040600044 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, F TI Civil society in the information age SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Son St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. EM faye.couture@pope.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 393 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2004.01.006 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 847GR UT WOS:000223381200010 ER PT S AU Andersen, G Buzasi, D AF Andersen, G Buzasi, D BE Oschmann, JM TI US Air Force Academy 4m telescope SO GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Telescopes CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE lightweight segmented telescope; space optics AB The United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs has obtained a 4m-diameter, lightweight telescope from the Space Based Laser project. Originally designed and constructed for space, this segmented telescope is being reconfigured for use as a ground-based facility - the largest in the world, wholly owned by any single college. The telescope comes fully equipped with both active and adaptive capabilities for segment phasing and wavefront correction. However, the optical design is a Mersenne configuration, and having been constructed for a space environment, it has an extremely thin (17mm) glass primary. We are redesigning the optics (with new secondary and tertiary mirrors) and are designing a mount and truss capable of both sidereal and low-Earth satellite tracking. C1 USAF Acad, DFP, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFP, HQ, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5421-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5489 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1117/12.549998 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB37 UT WOS:000224524300064 ER PT S AU Less, JL Chen, J AF Less, JL Chen, J BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI Flight testing the Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System (Auto ACAS) SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect AB The United States Air Force and the Swedish government worked together to develop and demonstrate an Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System (Auto ACAS). The eventual implementation of this system on operational aircraft will accomplish two major goals. First, it will reduce the incidence of midair collisions that occur all too often due to the nature of military training and operations. Second, it will enable the operation of unpiloted vehicles in formations and allow for their eventual flight in the national airspace system. A computer algorithm was developed in which networked aircraft communicate flightpath data, look for potential collisions, and constantly compute potential escape maneuvers. The autopilot then takes control just long enough to execute the escape maneuver. Testing the Auto ACAS posed unique challenges because the system was designed to activate only at the last possible instant before a collision. This paper will provide an overview of the Auto ACAS operation and design philosophy as well as discuss the unique flight test tools and methods used to safely evaluate its effectiveness. Finally, it will present the preliminary flight test results for this first-of-its-kind program. C1 USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Less, JL (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900008 ER PT S AU Thomas, D Welter, J Giurgiutiu, V AF Thomas, D Welter, J Giurgiutiu, V BE Kundu, T TI Corrosion damage detection with piezoelectric wafer active sensors SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; aircraft corrosion; active sensors; piezoelectric; aging aircraft; cracks; damage; faults; diagnostics; prognostics; PWAS; Lamb waves; NDE; pitch-catch ID LAMB WAVES; DEFECTS AB Since today's aging fleet is now intended to far exceed their proposed design life, monitoring the structural integrity of those aircraft has become a priority issue for today's Air Force. One of the most critical structural problems is corrosion. In fact the KC-135 now costs $1.2 billion a year to repair corrosion. In this paper, we plan to show the use of Lamb waves to detect material loss in thin plates representative of aircraft skins. To do this we will use embedded transducers called Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensor (PWAS) in a pitch-catch configuration. The sensors were placed on a grid pattern. Material loss through corrosion was simulated by removing the material mechanically with an abrasive tool. Thus, simulated corrosion pits of various depths and area coverage were made. Three-count tone burst wave packets were used. The Lamb wave packets were sent in a pitch-catch mode from one transmitter PWAS to the other PWAS in the grid acting as receivers. The Lamb wave mode used in these experiments was A(1) since this was found to be more sensitive to changes due to material loss. At the frequencies considered in our experiments, the A(1) waves are highly dispersive. It was found that, as the Lamb wave travels through simulated corrosion damage, the signal changes. The observed changes were in the signal wavelength (due to change in the dispersive properties of the medium) and in signal amplitude (due to redistribution of energy in the wave packet). This change in signal can be correlated to the magnitude of damage. To achieve this, we have used several approaches: (a) direct correlation between the sent and the received signals; (b) wavelet transform of the signal followed by correlation of the wavelet coefficients time-frequency maps; (c) Hilbert transform of the signal to produce the signal envelope and comparison of the resulting envelope signals (d) neural network correlation between the sent and received signals. It was found that these methods work well together in a complementary way. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, D (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Giurgiutiu, Victor/F-1394-2011; GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.541152 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600002 ER PT S AU Russ, SM Rosenberger, AH Larsen, JM Berkley, RB Carroll, D Cowles, BA Holmes, RA Littles, JW Pettit, RG Schirra, JJ AF Russ, SM Rosenberger, AH Larsen, JM Berkley, RB Carroll, D Cowles, BA Holmes, RA Littles, JW Pettit, RG Schirra, JJ BE Kundu, T TI Demonstration of advanced life-prediction and state-awareness technologies necessary for prognosis of turbine engine disks SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE prognosis; life prediction; state-awareness sensing; time-of-arrival; 3D fracture mechanics; dwell fatigue; crack growth; transfer function AB This paper summarizes a spin test of an IN100 minidisk that demonstrated advanced fatigue crack growth predictive tools under dwell fatigue and the ability to infer the damage state from state-awareness sensed data. The test was performed at elevated temperature in a partial vacuum and was a major success. The advantages of employing 3D fracture mechanics tools were clearly demonstrated when the prediction using the advanced analysis technique produced a crack growth lifetime 10 times greater than the standard 2D tools and well within a factor of two of the test result. However, when the effect of the partial vacuum was also taken into account, the predictions more closely resembled the test results. Another success was demonstrated when the "blade-tip" time-of-arrival sensors detected deflections of 50 microns and greater at temperature. Using the 3D analysis tools, a transfer function was created that related blade-tip deflection to crack size. The crack size was tracked in near real time for the final 150 cycles. This test represented significant demonstrations of both 3D fracture mechanics tools and state-awareness sensing. Both are advanced technologies that will eventually impact the life management of turbine engines. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russ, SM (reprint author), USAF, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.540404 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600003 ER PT S AU Angel, SDP Baldwin, JB AF Angel, SDP Baldwin, JB BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Aircrew visual acuity viewing with different night vision goggle eyepiece diopter settings SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE aircrew; ANV-20/20; AN/AVS-9; autorefractor; diopter; field-of-view; F4949; Landolt C; night vision goggle; NVG; panoramic night vision goggle; PNVG; visual acuity AB The AN/AVS-9 night vision goggle (NVG) has an eyepiece lens that can be adjusted from +2 to -6 diopters (D). We have shown previously 1,2,3 that on average NVG users tend to select about -1D, with a range of +0.5D to -4D(3). This study was designed to evaluate NVG visual acuity (NVG VA) and subjective ratings for a range of diopter settings including user-selected and three fixed settings of -0.25D, -1D and -2D. Twenty-one experienced USAF Special Operations aircrew members, including 15 pilots, served as subjects. The median user-selected setting was -1.25D and ranged from +0.5D to -3.5D. Only 2 of the 21 subjects had user-selected NVG VA significantly better than a fixed setting of -1D. Of those two, one was not wearing prescribed glasses and the other was 49 years old, presbyopic, and could not focus through the -ID lenses. Subjective ratings and NVG VA indicated that most people could fly with a fixed setting of -1D for each eye, although two individuals needed different diopter settings for the right and left eyes. The new Panoramic NVG (PNVG) has a fixed eyepiece focus of -1D. Results suggest the PNVG should have a limited set of accessory lenses available. C1 USAF, Battlespace Visualizat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Angel, SDP (reprint author), USAF, Battlespace Visualizat Branch, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.542326 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900001 ER PT S AU Havig, PR Marasco, PL Post, DL Ellwanger, HL Reis, GA AF Havig, PR Marasco, PL Post, DL Ellwanger, HL Reis, GA BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Effects of saturation contrast on color recognition in night vision goggles SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE luminance contrast ratio; night vision goggle; color coding; color recognition; symbology ID HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS; LUMINANCE CONTRAST; REQUIREMENTS; SYMBOLOGY AB In the past we have examined the luminance contrast ratios required to maintain color recognition in helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). Using typical daytime viewing conditions as simulated backgrounds we were able to determine 95% correct color recognition thresholds resulting in luminance contrast ratios averaging 1.17:1. Last year we adapted this research to determine the best colors to maintain color recognition of symbology that is on a night vision goggle (NVG) image. We simulated NVG P43 green phosphor and determined 95% correct color recognition thresholds. Results indicated that, on average, a luminance contrast ratio of nearly 1.5:1 was required to maintain color recognition. Review of the studies indicated that our simulated P43 phosphor was a much more saturated background, so saturation contrast may play as important a role as luminance contrast. A P45 white phosphor NVG may therefore be less problematic. Here we investigate the effects of both luminance and saturation contrast by manipulating color mixtures of green, yellow, and red symbology against two different backgrounds, P43 green and P45 white. We discuss our results in terms of both luminance and saturation contrast required for the maintenance of color recognition in NVGs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.540420 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900005 ER PT S AU Pinkus, A Task, HL AF Pinkus, A Task, HL BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Night vision goggle luminance disparity and the Pulfrich phenomenon SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE night vision goggles; binocular luminance disparity; image intensifier tube; Pulfrich phenomenon AB When night vision goggle (NVG) image intensifier tubes ((ITs)-Ts-2) are replaced during maintenance, the output luminances of the two channels must not exceed a ratio of 1.5 (brighter channel luminance divided by the dimmer channel luminance) in order to meet the current allowed binocular luminance disparity specification. Two studies were performed to investigate the validity of this requirement. The first study estimated thresholds of binocular luminance disparity detection for observers looking through NVGs. For eight observers, the 25% corrected-for-chance probability of detecting an ocular luminance difference, yielded an average ratio of 1.43 indicating that the current 1.5 specification is perhaps too loose. The second study investigated the Pulfrich phenomenon, a pseudo-stereo effect that can be induced by presenting luminance imbalances to the eyes. This study created NVG luminance imbalances using neutral density (ND) filters and then investigated whether or not the various imbalance levels were sufficient to cause the Pulfrich phenomenon to be perceived. Results indicated an imbalance ratio of 1.10 was insufficient to cause the effect to be seen, but a ratio of 1.26 was sufficient (p less than or equal to 0.0003) for the effect to be seen, at least part of the time. Based on these results, it is apparent the allowed binocular luminance disparity ratio should probably be tightened to at least 1.3 with a goal of 1.2. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pinkus, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.540703 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900006 ER PT S AU Ross, JA Parisi, V AF Ross, JA Parisi, V BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI AMOLED image source for use in integrated panoramic night vision goggle (IPNVG) SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE microdisplay; organic light emitting diode; integrated panoramic night vision goggle; image intensifier tube AB The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the active matrix organic light emitting diode (OLED) microdisplay used in the integrated panoramic night vision goggle (IPNVG). These devices will be used to insert independent and overlaid video imagery into the IPNVG. Interface and operational details of the microdisplay relative to the IPNVG implementation in military aircraft will be discussed. C1 AFRL, HECV, Crew Syst Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, JA (reprint author), AFRL, HECV, Crew Syst Interface Div, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.541340 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900009 ER PT S AU Simpson, MA Franck, DL AF Simpson, MA Franck, DL BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Safe-to-fly determination for the helmet-mounted little high-end airborne laptop (Lil HAL) system SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE head-mounted display; digital kneeboard AB Fighter aircrews are taking large amounts of paper and other mission essential peripherals into the cockpit for each flight. The aircrews must find places to store these items and be able to access the required information in minimal time. Programs have been initiated to put tablet personal computers (PCs)/digital kneeboards into the cockpit, but due to bulk, ejection risks and sunlight readability issues, these devices have not been transitioned to fighter aircrews. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been tasked to develop a system using a helmet-mounted display, input device, and computer to solve some of the PC tablet issues-and do it quickly. AFRL was directed to conduct an Operational Utility Evaluation (OUE) to determine the usability of the Little High-end Airborne Laptop (Lil HAL) system (Figure 1). Before the OUE could occur, a safety evaluation of the Lil HAL system had to be completed with a receipt of a safe-to-fly clearance. This paper discusses the safety testing that occurred to receive the safety-of-flight clearance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simpson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1117/12.541578 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900014 ER PT S AU Parisi, V AF Parisi, V BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Lil HAL - Digital kneeboard for ejection seat aircraft SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE digital kneeboard; electronic flight bag; cockpit digital assistant AB In the last few years, airlines, commercial air carriers and the military have begun to introduce electronic tools into the cockpit to replace paper versions of flight publications, flight plans, departure and approach plates, maps, etc. These devices have varied from the common laptop to the smaller pen-tablet type computers. In some instances these devices have been connected to aircraft data buses to collect maintenance data, fault codes and other useful information. None of these devices, however, have been found satisfactory in ejection seat aircraft due to their size, weight, and dynamic characteristics when subjected to the inertial and aerodynamic forces that occur during an ejection. This paper describes an electronic digital kneeboard suitable for use in an ejection seat aircraft. The kneeboard consists of a look at helmet-mounted display, a small streamlined kneeboard input device, a carry-on/carry-off computer and its associated support interfaces. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Integrat Div,Warfighter Visualizat Bra, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parisi, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Integrat Div,Warfighter Visualizat Bra, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.543654 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900015 ER PT S AU Parisi, V AF Parisi, V BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Helmet-mounted tracker system accuracy measurements SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted tracker; helmet-mounted tracker accuracy; tracker accuracy AB This paper describes a method for evaluating helmet-mounted tracker accuracy installed in an aircraft sitting stationary on the ground. A test measurement test space is established by surveying numerous targets and ground control points with a laser surveying instrument. An aircraft is inserted arbitrarily into this test space and key points on the aircraft are surveyed along with the same ground control points originally surveyed. Mathematically, the two spaces are made to coincide at the ground control points, and then the entire space is transformed to place the aircraft so that the surveyed aircraft key points are located at their manufacture specified position. The helmet operator then looks at each target while other test operators record tracker output data. Data is subsequently analyzed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate,HECV, Warfighter Integrat Div,Warfighter Visualizat Bra, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parisi, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate,HECV, Warfighter Integrat Div,Warfighter Visualizat Bra, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.5436142 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900017 ER PT S AU Jenkins, JC Sheesley, DG Bivetto, FC AF Jenkins, JC Sheesley, DG Bivetto, FC BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Helmet-mounted display symbology for enhanced trend and attitude awareness SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; symbology; off-boresight; trend; attitude awareness AB A Non-Distributed Flight Reference (NDFR) symbology set intended for fixed-wing aircraft helmet-mounted display (HMD) was evaluated by the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (USAF TPS) Have ATTITUDE test team in March and April 2001. Revisions were made to the NDFR symbology based on the Have ATTITUDE test team's recommendations resulting in a new HMD off-boresight symbology design called the Advanced NDFR (ANDFR). The ANDFR symbology was designed to provide continuous ownship status information with more precision and trend information over that of the original NDFR for airspeed, altitude, and attitude by utilizing odometer formats for airspeed and altitude and the arc segment attitude reference (ASAR) in place of the earlier orange peel for attitude. Three off-boresight HMD symbology sets, the ANDFR, baseline (BL) and baseline-plus (BL+) were evaluated using the NF-16D Variable-stability In-flight Simulator Test Aircraft (VISTA). Testing was performed at the USAF Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB, California, by the Have SYCLOPS test team from the USAF TPS in March and April 2003. Two VISTA calibration and twelve VISTA test sorties totaling 19.3 flight hours were accomplished in addition to three target sorties totaling 3.5 hours. The primary objective was to assess pilot awareness of trend concerning airspeed and altitude for the BL and BL+ symbology (i.e., Mil-Std-HUD counter-pointers) compared to the ANDFR (i.e., odometers for airspeed and altitude). Overall, the ANDFR performed equally as well as the BL and BL+ formats for the unusual attitude recoveries and air-to-air and air-to-ground operationally representative tasks. It is recommended that more testing be conducted using the ASAR design with an enhanced horizon reference (e.g., 360degrees horizon) off-boresight for discerning the location of the nearest horizon during steep climbs as well as an enhanced analog level flight reference for flight path angles less than 20degrees climb/dive. These results and their implications on the design of future off-boresight HMD symbology sets for trend and attitude awareness are discussed. C1 USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Integrated Test Force F35, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Jenkins, JC (reprint author), USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Integrated Test Force F35, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 164 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.544021 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900018 ER PT S AU Marasco, PL AF Marasco, PL BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Methods for eliminating bright point emissions from liquid crystal microdisplays SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE head-mounted display; helmet-mounted display; HMD; liquid crystal microdisplay; LCD; microdisplay AB Due to limitations in manufacturing technology, current liquid crystal microdisplays cannot be manufactured without pixel defects. Among other defects, pixels can fail in their transmissive state, yielding a bright spot in the image relayed to the display wearer. Experience with military night-vision devices has shown that bright image defects can be extremely objectionable, as they can be distracting or can be incorrectly identified as objects of interest, such as targets. Image intensifier tube manufacturers eliminate bright point emissions by burning the image tube phosphor with a laser, effectively turning the bright spot into a black spot, an image defect considered far less distracting. Unfortunately, formal methods for eliminating bright point defects in liquid crystal microdisplays have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods such as severing circuitry or blasting the liquid crystal display pixel with a laser should be ineffective or even create a larger bright defect, further aggravating the problem. Numerous methods that could be applied are known to have advantages and disadvantages. This paper will examine the use of pixel blocks and fiberoptics as possible methods for eliminating or minimizing the visibility of bright point emissions and their impact on the visibility of the micro liquid crystal display. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECV, Human Effect Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECV, Human Effect Directorate, 2255 H St,Bldg 248,Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1117/12.541298 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900024 ER PT S AU Druffner, CJ Kee, PD Lange, MA Perram, GP Biggers, RR Barnes, PN AF Druffner, CJ Kee, PD Lange, MA Perram, GP Biggers, RR Barnes, PN BE Phipps, CR TI Optical diagnostics for the pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting wires SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE pulsed laser deposition; high temperature superconductors; YBCO; optical diagnostics; time-of-flight; high speed imagery; electronic temperatures ID COATED CONDUCTORS; ABLATION PLUME; TARGET; FILMS AB One of the critical elements in the manufacture of long lengths of high temperature superconducting wires is the development of deposition diagnostics correlated with the quality of deposited, material for process control. Fast imagery, emission spectroscopy, and time-of-flight spectroscopy of the very energetic plumes resulting from the pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-x have been recorded for a wide range of deposition conditions at four military, DoE, and industrial facilities. Several optical signatures that are strongly correlated with the deposited critical currents have been identified with strong potential for process control. In addition, the partioning of energy among translation, electronic and ro-vibrational degrees of freedom as a function of laser fluence, chamber pressure, and position in the plume have been characterized. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.548709 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600016 ER PT S AU Wisniewski, CF Hewett, KB Manke, GC Truman, CR Hager, GD AF Wisniewski, CF Hewett, KB Manke, GC Truman, CR Hager, GD BE Phipps, CR TI Hydrogen fluoride overtone laser: experimental methods of characterization SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE HF laser; HF overtone laser; small signal gain; fluorine atom titration ID CHEMICAL-LASER; F2O-H2 MIXTURES; EMISSION; IODINE; BAND; GAIN; FLOW AB The uncertainty in both the fluorine atom concentration and the gain length has inhibited the development of accurate and device independent models of HF overtone lasers. Furthermore, previous methods of measuring the small signal gain were cumbersome and could not easily generate spatial maps of the gain in the cavity. Experimental techniques have been developed to directly measure the concentration of fluorine atoms, the gain length and the small signal gain in a hydrogen fluoride 5 cm slit nozzle laser. A gas phase titration technique was utilized to measure the fluorine atom concentration using HCl as the titrant. The gain length was measured using a pitot probe to locate the interface of the primary flow with the high Mach number shroud flows. A tunable diode laser was utilized to perform small signal gain measurements on HF overtone (v=2-->0) transitions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wisniewski, CF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1117/12.547083 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600024 ER PT S AU Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD BE Phipps, CR TI A multiwatt All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID QUENCHING RATE CONSTANTS; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CHEMICAL-LASER; NCL(A(1)DELTA); TRANSITION; CL+HN3; ATOMS AB The demonstration and characterization of a multiwatt All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) are described. A 20-cm subsonic reactor was used to produce NCl(a(1)Delta) for a series parametric studies of the I*((2)p(1/2)) - I(P-2(3/2)) small signal gain and extracted power dependence on reactant flow rates and reaction time. A reduction in the flow channel height led to improved performance. The highest measured gain was 4.2 x 10(-4) cm(-1) and the highest power observed was 31 W. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energu Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energu Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1117/12.548614 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600025 ER PT S AU McCord, JE Tate, RF Dass, S Hager, GD Ionin, AA Seleznev, LV Bohn, WL von Bulow, H McIver, JK AF McCord, JE Tate, RF Dass, S Hager, GD Ionin, AA Seleznev, LV Bohn, WL von Bulow, H McIver, JK BE Phipps, CR TI Supersonic RF discharge CO laser operating in fundamental (Delta=1) and overtone (Delta=2) spectral bands SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE carbon monoxide; overtone lasing; RF discharge ID CARBON-MONOXIDE LASER; 2.5-4.2-MU-M RANGE; MOLECULE AB Radio frequency (RF)-excitation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a supersonic cavity with only a 10 cm gain length has yielded an observed fundamental band (trianglev=1) multi-line lasing output power of 2.1 kW utilizing a one-pass resonator, with an electrical efficiency of 21%. More importantly, this work generated 50 W of overtone multi-line lasing around 2.7 micron. This was the first time lasing on CO overtone bands (trianglev=2) had been demonstrated with a RF pumped supersonic system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Energy Gas Lasers Branch,DELC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP McCord, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Energy Gas Lasers Branch,DELC, Bldg 619,Rm 1,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Selenev, Leonid/K-7441-2015; Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015 OI Selenev, Leonid/0000-0002-8121-9914; Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1117/12.568353 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600036 ER PT S AU Hostutler, DA Smith, TC Hager, GD McBane, GC Heaven, MC AF Hostutler, DA Smith, TC Hager, GD McBane, GC Heaven, MC BE Phipps, CR TI State to state rotational relaxation rate constants for the CO+X series (X=CO, He, and Ne) using IR-IR double resonance experiments. Comparing theory to experiment SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE IR-IR double resonance; state-to-state rotational relaxation ID INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; COLLISIONS; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRUM; OZONE; LAWS AB IR-IR double resonance experiments were used to study the state-to-state rotational relaxation of CO with CO, He, and Ne as collision partners. Individual rotational lines of the (2 - 0) vibrational overtone band were pumped by a pulsed IR laser and the subsequent rotational relaxation was monitored using a cw source. The resulting data sets were analyzed by fitting to numerical solutions of the master equation. State-to-state rate constant matrices were generated using, fitting law functions. Fitting laws based on the modified exponential gap (MEG) and statistical power exponential gap (SPEG) and energy corrected sudden with exponential power (ECS-EP) models were used. Rate constant matrices for CO+He and CO+Ne were generated from scattering calculations that employed the appropriate ab initio potential energy surfaces. These theoretical rate constant matrices yielded kinetic simulations that agreed with the data nearly as well as the fitted MEG model and were unique in their ability to reproduce both the rotational energy transfer and pressure broadening data for CO+He and CO+Ne. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hostutler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI McBane, George/E-8870-2015 OI McBane, George/0000-0002-2790-3467 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 906 EP 917 DI 10.1117/12.547065 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600091 ER PT S AU Pitz, G Lange, M Perram, GP AF Pitz, G Lange, M Perram, GP BE Phipps, CR TI Singlet oxygen kinetics in a double microwave discharge SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE electriCOIL; singlet oxygen; microwave discharge; kinetics ID EXCITATION; IODINE AB Chemical lasers offer the highest powers necessary for many weapons applications, but require significant logistical support in the delivery of specialized fuels to the battlefield. In the Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL), which is the weapon aboard the Airborne Laser (ABL), gaseous chlorine and liquid basic hydrogen peroxide are used to generate the singlet oxygen energy reservoir. The goal of the current multi-university research program is to demonstrate an oxygen-iodine laser with electrical discharge production of singlet oxygen. Typically, oxygen discharges are limited to about 15% yield for singlet oxygen. The electron excitation cross-sections as a function of E/N are well established. However, the kinetics for electron and singlet oxygen interactions is considerably more difficult to study. Optical diagnostics for O-2(a, b), and O, have been applied to a double microwave discharge flow tube. By examining the difference in singlet oxygen kinetics between the two discharges in series, considerable information regarding the excited-state, excited-state interactions is obtained. Under certain discharge conditions, the 02(a) concentration significantly increases outside of the discharge, even after thermal effects are accounted. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pitz, G (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 1039 EP 1048 DI 10.1117/12.548707 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600106 ER PT S AU Wisniewski, CF Hewett, KB Manke, GC Truman, CR Hager, GD AF Wisniewski, CF Hewett, KB Manke, GC Truman, CR Hager, GD BE Phipps, CR TI Hydrogen fluoride overtone laser: 2D CFD modeling of the small signal gain SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID IODINE; FLOW AB The small signal gain of a small-scale HF overtone laser was measured using a sub-Doppler tunable diode laser system. The spatially resolved, two-dimensional small signal gain maps that were generated show a highly inhomogeneous gain medium indicating the dominant role played by mixing of the H-2 and F streams in HF laser performance. The measured gain data were analyzed with the aid of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. The results show that reactant mixing mechanisms have a large effect on the gain averaged over a vertical profile while kinetic rate mechanisms, including reaction rate constants and reactant concentration, have a greater effect on the maximum system gain. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wisniewski, CF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 1127 EP 1138 DI 10.1117/12.547089 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600116 ER PT J AU Katus, MC McNeish, LM Pollack, MS AF Katus, MC McNeish, LM Pollack, MS TI Class I and class II antibodies in multiparous primary renal transplant candidates detected using flow PRA beads SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Histocompatibility-and-Immunogenetics CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Histocompatibil & Immunogenet C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Hlth Syst, Histocompatibil & Immunogenet Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 2004 VL 65 SU 1 BP S45 EP S45 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.081 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 861OC UT WOS:000224425300084 ER PT J AU Pollack, MS Buck, JG McNeish, LM Harrison, CR AF Pollack, MS Buck, JG McNeish, LM Harrison, CR TI Transfusion related acute lung insjury (TRALI) caused by a remote pregnancy-induced Class II antibody SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Histocompatibility-and-Immunogenetics CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Histocompatibil & Immunogenet C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Blood Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Hlth Syst, Histocompatibil & Immunogenet Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 2004 VL 65 SU 1 BP S119 EP S119 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.228 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 861OC UT WOS:000224425300231 ER PT B AU Galster, SM Bolia, RS AF Galster, SM Bolia, RS BE Vicenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI Decision quality and mission effectiveness in a simulated command & control environment SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE decision quality; decision making; mission effectiveness; situation awareness; automation; decision support systems AB The development of automated decision support systems requires a real-time metric of decision quality. Historical links between decision quality and mission effectiveness suggest that the former is predictive of the latter, and thus the outcome is what needs to be measured. The purpose of the present paper is to describe an experiment designed to separate the measurement of decision quality from that of mission effectiveness. Mission effectiveness and decision quality were examined using the RoboFlag simulation environment. Environmental uncertainty and knowledge of the opponent's strategies were manipulated factorially. Measures of mission effectiveness and decision quality were obtained along with subjective assessments of situation awareness and workload. Results are discussed in terms of decision quality as expressed by the tactics assigned to the operator's robots, and with respect to the mission outcome for each trial. Further, the number and appropriateness of re-tasking orders and the effects of unreliable information are addressed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 264 EP 268 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS34 UT WOS:000223354000045 ER PT B AU Bolia, RS Nelson, WT Vidulich, MA Taylor, RM AF Bolia, RS Nelson, WT Vidulich, MA Taylor, RM BE Vicenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI From chess to chancellorsville: Measuring decision quality in military commanders SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE decision making; decision support; situation awareness; context sensitivity; command & control AB The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the issues associated with measuring decision quality, both in the context of structured game environments, in which the moves of both players are severely constrained, and for the combat commander, who may exhibit more creativity in planning and executing a campaign. This discussion will also draw on evidence from the American Civil War Battle of Chancellorsville, in which one general broke two major rules of military doctrine - i.e., made doctrinally "bad" decisions - and still emerged victorious. The goal of the analysis is to guide the identification of candidate metrics of decision quality that are independent of mission effectiveness. It is proposed that this cannot be done in a manner that is free from the context in which the decision is being made, and that for decision support systems to work, a means of encoding this context needs to be developed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS34 UT WOS:000223354000046 ER PT B AU Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Vidulich, MA AF Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Vidulich, MA BE Vicenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI Characterizing decision making in network-centric command and control applications: Implications of psychological research SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE decision making; command and control; network-centric warfare AB Due to the dynamic and time-critical nature of military command and control (C2) operations, commanders and other operators are often required to execute complex decision making under conditions of significant uncertainty, risk, and time pressure. One of the key challenges in developing and designing future C2 systems will be to effectively characterize decision making in these environments. The importance of this characterization is further underscored by rapid advances in technology and the shift towards ubiquitous computing and network-centric operations. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the major theoretical perspectives gleaned from the psychology of decision making and to identify key factors and dimensions that may prove useful in the development of decision support systems in future network-centric C2 applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS34 UT WOS:000223354000048 ER PT B AU Wilson, GF Russell, CA AF Wilson, GF Russell, CA BE Vincenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI Psychophysiologically determined adaptive aiding in a simulated UCAV task SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE adaptive aiding; artificial neural networks; psychophysiology; performance AB Two levels of task difficulty in an uninhabited combat air vehicle simulator were used to manipulate the cognitive workload of subjects performing a target identification task. Psychophysiological data were used to assess operator functional state using artificial neural networks (ANN). Adaptive aiding was provided when the operator's workload was deemed to be high by the ANN. The adaptive aiding improved the hit rate on the targets and the number of times that the weapons release points were successfully met. These results demonstrate that psychophysiologically determined operator functional state estimates can be used in complex operational environments to enhance operator performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS35 UT WOS:000223355300037 ER PT B AU Guilliams, NM McLaughlin, AB Vidulich, MA Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Donnelly, BP AF Guilliams, NM McLaughlin, AB Vidulich, MA Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Donnelly, BP BE Vincenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI An evaluation of speech recognition technology in a simulated air battle management task SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE AWACS; air battle management; speech recognition; command and control; C2 AB Air Battle Management (ABM) is a complex and demanding activity that involves numerous tasks performed at the ABM workstation, which currently includes panels of toggle switches, knobs and dials, a trackball, a keyboard, and numerous reconfigurable pushbuttons. Although functional, such workstations are manually-intensive, may require extensive training, and could subject operators to unacceptable levels of workload. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the appropriateness of speech recognition technology for workload reduction in ABM work domains. A simulated Batterfield Air Interdiction (BAI) mission was employed. Results indicated significant advantages for the speech control interface with respect to performance efficiency and perceived mental workload. In addition, when given a choice, operators preferred to employ speech inputs over manual inputs for a variety of control functions. These findings are discussed in terms of the appropriateness of speech control technology for ABM applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 230 EP 235 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS35 UT WOS:000223355300043 ER PT S AU Power, GJ AF Power, GJ BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Perceptual classification boundaries between two-dimensional shapes SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IX CY JAN 19-21, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE object recognition; shape analysis; image analysis; machine vision; feature analysis; measures; metrics; classification; perception AB One of the key variables that have been used for identifying objects in two-dimensional imagery is shape. Humans have the ability to discriminate between shapes and can perceive an imperfect shape as belonging to a particular object class. Each object class has a boundary where a human perceives an object as belonging to one class or the other. Perceptual classification boundaries define the human perception that classifies a shape as belonging to a particular object class. In this paper, the perceptual difference between several primitive two-dimensional object shapes is examined. Unlike the human, computer recognition algorithms are typically designed to recognize a finite number of classes of objects. This paper focuses on two-class and three-class recognition problems using simple primitive shapes consisting of a single-filled, closed loop contour. To determine the perceptual classification boundary, one primitive shape is morphed into another, and a group of persons are used to quantify where the perceived boundary is located between objects. Various shape measures are then applied to the primitive shapes to determine how well some current measures can quantify the perceived classification boundary. The addition of gaussian noise to the primitive two-dimensional shapes is also examined along with quantitative and perceived human results. The results suggest that the tested quantitative measures do not provide results similar to human perception. Some measures are better than others at achieving perceptual classification. The paper demonstrates that an approximate perceptual classification measure can be achieved by using human observer perceptual thresholds along with a quantitative measure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5195-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5292 BP 386 EP 396 DI 10.1117/12.526029 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAJ77 UT WOS:000222603000036 ER PT B AU Holzhauer, D Pryk, Z AF Holzhauer, D Pryk, Z BE Arabnia, HR Droegehorn, O TI Reflecting the world in the eye of the mote SO IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Internet Computing/International Symposium on Web Services and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE mote; weather phenomena; ad-hoc network AB The goals of this research project were (1) to accurately predict environmental changes using real-time data from a sensor network in forecast simulations and (2) to decrease the sensor nodes battery power consumption through a reduction in the number and duration of data transmissions. To supply observations, a wireless sensor network consisting of Berkeley motes and appropriate sensor boards was used. This paper reports on the results of this experiment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Holzhauer, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-46-7 PY 2004 BP 873 EP 878 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK73 UT WOS:000225901700132 ER PT S AU Robertson, MA AF Robertson, MA GP IEEE TI Temporal filtering of wavelet-compressed motion imagery SO ICIP: 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2004) CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE AB Temporal filtering of motion imagery can alleviate the effects of noise and artifacts in the data by incorporating observations of the imagery data front several distinct, frames. If the noise that is expected to occur in the data is well-modeled by independent and identically distributed (IID) Gaussian noise, then straightforward algorithms can be described to filter along motion trajectories in an optimal fashion. This paper addresses the restoration of motion imagery that has been compressed by scalar quantization of the data's two- or three-dimensional discrete wavelet transform coefficients. Noise due to compression ill such situations is neither independent, nor identically distributed, and thus simple filters designed for the IID case are suboptimal. This paper shows how proper statistical characterization of: the compression error can be used in temporal filtering to improve the visual quality of the compressed motion imagery. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Robertson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-8554-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2004 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBV71 UT WOS:000228043500074 ER PT S AU Lawton, JH Domshlak, C AF Lawton, JH Domshlak, C BE Khoshgoftaar, TM TI Multi-agent opportunistic planning and plan execution SO ICTAI 2004: 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Boca Raton, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, Informat Technol Res Inst, Wright State Univ, Florida Atlantic Univ AB Multi-agent opportunism refers to the ability of agents operating in a multi-agent system (MAS) to recognize and respond to potential opportunities for mutual assistance in achieving individual goals. Two major potential obstacles in operationalizing multi-agent opportunistic assistance in real-world systems are (i) low amounts of knowledge shared between the agents, and (ii) limited ability of the agents to re-plan dynamically. We have previously shown that even under these limiting conditions, systems of agents can benefit from multi-agent opportunism. In this work we discuss how multi-agent systems can exploit shared knowledge for opportunistic predictive encoding using an approach based on an abstract plan representation called Partial Order Plan Graphs (POPGs). Further we present several approaches for increasing system-level performance by improving the efficiency of the plans containing predictively encoded opportunities, as well as the results of an empirical analysis of their impact on the system performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Lawton, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 0-7695-2236-X J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2004 BP 408 EP 415 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBI06 UT WOS:000225597000053 ER PT B AU Kim, KT AF Kim, KT GP IEEE TI A memory-reduction scheme for the FFT T-matrix method SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 643 EP 646 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329752 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400163 ER PT B AU Reid, JR Webster, RT AF Reid, JR Webster, RT GP IEEE TI A compact integrated coaxial V-band bandpass filter SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB A V-band bandpass filter has been fabricated using integrated rectangular-coaxial lines. The use of integrated coaxial lines allows the fabrication of a compact filter measuring 6.5 x 2.0 x 0.1 mm. In addition, the coaxial lines isolate the filter from the external environment allowing filters to be spaced close to other devices without electromagnetic coupling. The fabricated filter has a center frequency of 57.5 GHz and a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz. The measured insertion loss is 18.5 dB. This integrated coaxial technology can provide low-loss, non-dispersive, non-radiating components, well suited to applications in antenna beamforming. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 990 EP 993 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329839 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400250 ER PT B AU Hastriter, ML Chew, WC AF Hastriter, ML Chew, WC GP IEEE TI Comparing Xpatch, FISC, and ScaleME using a cone-cylinder SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hastriter, ML (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641,Rm 220, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Chew, Weng Cho/C-1792-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2007 EP 2010 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330600 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400505 ER PT B AU Altshuler, EE AF Altshuler, EE GP IEEE TI Electrically small genetic antennas immersed in a dielectric SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Technol Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Technol Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2317 EP 2320 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331835 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400583 ER PT B AU Mailloux, RJ AF Mailloux, RJ GP IEEE TI Wideband properties of space-fed overlapped subarray feeds SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB Narrow band space-fed (lens) scanning arrays have played a major role in many military and commercial applications. Space-fed arrays with incorporated time delay have not found many ready applications because of network losses, complexity, and more recently because of a perceived incompatibility with active solid state module technology. This paper demonstrates that a feed array with transmit/receive (T/R) modules can in some cases accommodate wide band radiation with efficient use of the active sources. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mailloux, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2675 EP 2678 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331925 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400673 ER PT B AU Best, SR AF Best, SR GP IEEE TI A novel element and feed configuration for a dipole very closely spaced to a PEC ground plane SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB A novel element and feed design are presented that allow a dipole to exhibit high radiation efficiency and gain when it is very closely spaced (< 0.05?) to a PEC ground plane. The dipole element configuration has impedance matching and a balanced feed built within the antenna structure so that external matching and balun are not required. It is shown that high Q and correspondingly narrow bandwidth are the fundamental performance limitations when a dipole is very closely spaced to a PEC ground. C1 USAF, Rome Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Best, SR (reprint author), USAF, Rome Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2907 EP 2910 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331986 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400732 ER PT B AU Derov, JS Turchinetz, B Crisman, EE Drehman, AJ Wing, R AF Derov, JS Turchinetz, B Crisman, EE Drehman, AJ Wing, R GP IEEE TI Negative index metamaterial for selective angular separation of microwaves by polarization SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID REFRACTION C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Derov, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 3753 EP 3756 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330163 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400944 ER PT B AU Wood, WD Wood, AW Fleming, JL AF Wood, WD Wood, AW Fleming, JL GP IEEE TI EM scattering from bodies of revolution using the locally corrected Nystrom method SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AB The locally corrected Nystrom method is applied to the magnetic field integral equation for a conducting body of revolution. A construction method is presented for the locally corrected weights for the resulting one-dimensional coupled scalar magnetic field integral equations. Special attention is paid to minimizing the cost for multi-frequency computations. Numerical results are presented for the sphere, oblate spheroid, and right circular cylinder. Good agreement with results from mature moment method codes is observed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, AFIT,EN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, WD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, AFIT,EN, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 4036 EP 4039 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330236 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066401016 ER PT B AU Hill, K Gulick, J Kent, B Van, T AF Hill, K Gulick, J Kent, B Van, T GP IEEE TI RCS analysis of the reinforced carbon-carbon tee-seals as potential "Flight Day 2" candidates in support of the Columbia accident investigation SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 4264 EP 4267 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330293 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066401073 ER PT J AU Kim, KT AF Kim, Kristopher T. TI A Memory-Reduction Scheme for the FFT T-Matrix Method SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fast Fourier transformation (FFT); memory reduction; multiple scattering; multipole fields; symmetry relations; T-matrix AB We present a memory-reduction technique for the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) T-matrix method. The technique exploits the configuration- and Fourier-space symmetry relations of the transverse spherical multipole translation coefficients whose storage drives the memory requirement. The technique is capable of reducing the memory requirement by a factor of 6 similar to 16 depending on the number of modes used and the spatial distribution of scatterers and is simple to implement in an existing FFT T-matrix code. We establish its accuracy and effectiveness by applying the technique to compute the RCS of aggregates of dielectric spheres. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM trout@ieee.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received March 4, 2004; revised April 27, 2004. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2004 VL 3 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2004.831086 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V22HI UT WOS:000208265900054 ER PT J AU Stytz, MR AF Stytz, MR TI Considering defense in depth, for software applications SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mstytz@att.net NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 2 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1109/MSECP.2004.1264860 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 907KZ UT WOS:000227718300020 ER PT J AU Amin, MG Zhao, L Lindsey, AR AF Amin, MG Zhao, L Lindsey, AR TI Subspace array processing for the suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP 2001) CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, USAF Res Lab, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, DSTA, DSO ID SPREAD-SPECTRUM SYSTEMS; INTERFERENCE MITIGATION; BAND INTERFERENCE; EXCISION AB The mitigation of FM interference in GPS receivers is considered. In difference to commonly assumed wideband and narrowband interferers, the FM interferers are wideband, but instantaneously narrowband, and as such, have clear time-frequency (TF) signatures that are distinct from the GPS coarse acquisition (C/A) spread spectrum code. In the proposed technique, the estimate of the FM interference instantaneous frequency (IF) and the interference spatial signature are used to construct the spatio-temporal interference subspace. The IF estimates can be provided using existing effective linear or bilinear TF methods. The undesired signal arrival is suppressed by projecting the input data on the interference orthogonal subspace. With a multisensor receiver, the distinctions in both the spatial and TF signatures of signal arrivals allow effective interference suppressions. The deterministic nature of the signal model is considered and the known underlying structure of the GPS C/A code is utalized. We derive the receiver signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under exact and perturbed IF values. The effect of IF estimation errors on both pseudo-range measurements and navigation data recovery is analyzed. Simulation results comparing the receiver performances under IF errors in single and multiantenna GPS receivers are provided. C1 Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Amin, MG (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM moeness@ece.vill.edu NR 32 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1292144 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 817ZT UT WOS:000221216100008 ER PT J AU Malas, JA Pasala, KM Westerkamp, J AF Malas, JA Pasala, KM Westerkamp, J TI Automatic target classification of slow moving ground targets in clutter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A new approach is proposed which will allow air-to-ground target classification of slow moving vehicles in clutter. A wideband space-time adaptive (STAP) filter architecture based on subbanding is developed and coupled with a one dimensional template-based minimum mean squared error (MMSE) classifier. The performance of this STAP/ATC (automatic target classification) algorithm is quantified using an extensive simulation. The level of residual clutter afforded by various filter configurations and the associated incremental improvement in ATC performance is quantified revealing the potential for realizable hardware and software implementations to achieve acceptable ATC performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Prod Network Innovat LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNAS, Bldg 620,2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.malas@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 190 EP 205 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1292153 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 817ZT UT WOS:000221216100017 ER PT J AU Roberts, TM AF Roberts, TM TI Measured and predicted behavior of pulses in Debye- and Lorentz-type materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic propagation in dispersive media; microwave measurements; phase distortion; pulse analysis; pulse measurements AB Published laboratory measurements are found to agree with two groups' completely independent asymptotics for the decay and spread of transient pulses in a Debye model, and the spread in a Lorentz model. The measured dc-content pulses decay with depth nearly as x(-1/2) (water) and x(-1/3) (concrete) in coaxial cables. The measured full-widths at half-maximum spread nearly as the reciprocal of the decay rates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Roberts, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Thomas.Roberts@hanscom.af.mil NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.822414 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 778YQ UT WOS:000189269300035 ER PT J AU Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD AF Shore, RA Yaghjian, AD TI A comparison of high-frequency scattering determined from PO fields enhanced with alternative ILDCs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE high frequency scattering; incremental length diffraction coefficients; physical theory of diffraction ID LENGTH DIFFRACTION COEFFICIENTS; CURRENTS; STRIPS; DISK AB In order to compare the accuracy. of "source-based" and "diffraction-cone" incremental length diffraction coefficients (ILDCs), the high-frequency scattered far fields of a perfectly conducting circular disk are computed using physical optics (PO) enhanced with source-based and diffraction-cone ILDCs. For angles of incidence and scattering that are near grazing to the disk, the diffraction-cone ILDCs predict bistatic scattered far fields that are generally much greater than the exact far fields and that are much less accurate than the scattered far fields predicted by the source-based ILDCs. These results lead us to conclude that the source-based ILDCs are preferable for improving upon the accuracy of PO fields computed with general purpose computer codes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yaghjian, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM arthur.yaghjian@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.822452 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 778YQ UT WOS:000189269300042 ER PT J AU Hong, L Cong, S Wicker, D AF Hong, L Cong, S Wicker, D TI Distributed multirate interacting multiple model fusion (DMRIMMF) with application to out-of-sequence GMTI data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE multirate processing; out-of-sequence (OOS) measurements; target tracking; track fusion ID ALGORITHM; TRACKING AB This note develops a distributed approach for fusing ground moving target indicator data with out-of-sequence (OOS) measurements. A multirate interacting multiple model (MRIMM) fusion algorithm is developed for effectively fusing multirate information. The multirate approach provides an excellent framework for efficient information retrodiction and forward update. A multirate interacting multiple model filter is employed locally to track a target with or without maneuvering behavior. The combination of global MRIMM fusion and local MRIMM tracking proves to be powerful for tracking and fusing maneuvering and nonmaneuvering targets in an environment of OOS measurement reporting. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lhong@cs.wright.edu NR 14 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JAN PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1109/TAC.2003.821410 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 764FP UT WOS:000188197000011 ER PT J AU Psaromiligkos, IN Batalama, SN AF Psaromiligkos, IN Batalama, SN TI Recursive short-data-record estimation of AV and MMSE/MVDR linear filters for DS-CDMA antenna array systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2000) CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc DE adaptive filters; code-division multiple access (CDMA); multiple-access interference (MAI) suppression; recursive estimation; signal-present/signal-absent filter estimation; space-time (ST) processing; stochastic approximation ID SAMPLE COVARIANCE-MATRIX; ADAPTIVE ARRAYS; CONVERGENCE; STATISTICS; ALGORITHM; SPACE AB The presence of the desired signal during estimation of the minimum mean-square error (MMSE)/minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) and auxiliary-vector (AV) filters under limited data support leads to significant signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performance degradation.,We quantify this observation in the context of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communications by deriving close approximations for the mean-square filter estimation error, the probability density function of the output SINR, and the probability density function of the symbol-error rate (SER) of the sample matrix inversion.(SMI) receiver evaluated using both a desired-signal"present" and desired-signal-"absent" input covariance matrix. To avoid such performance degradation, we propose a DS-CDMA receiver that utilizes a simple pilot-assisted algorithm that estimates and then subtracts the desired signal component from the received signal prior to filter estimation. Then, to accommodate decision-directed operation, we develop two recursive algorithms for the on-line estimation of the AV and MMSE/MVDR filter and we study their convergence properties. Finally, simulation studies illustrate the SER performance of the overall receiver structures. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Psaromiligkos, IN (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3H 2N4, Canada. EM yannis@ece.mcgill.ca; batalama@eng.buffalo.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 136 EP 148 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2003.822186 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 771VP UT WOS:000188807000020 ER PT J AU Huang, CC Tsang, L Chan, CH Ding, KH AF Huang, CC Tsang, L Chan, CH Ding, KH TI Multiple scattering among vias in planar waveguides using preconditioned SMCG method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Foldy-Lax equation; LU; preconditioning; sparse matrix; sparse-matrix canonical grid (SMCG); through-hole via ID GROUND PLANE; TIME-DOMAIN; GRID METHOD; HOLE; INTERCONNECTS; CAPACITANCE AB Full-wave modeling for cylindrical vias in planar waveguides is formulated using Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations. Recently, a sparse-matrix canonical-grid method based on fast Fourier transform and an iterative algorithm was proposed to solve a large-scale via problem. In this paper, we further improve computational efficiency by a preconditioning scheme based on the dominant information contained in the near field. We also discuss two methods-the sparse-matrix LU decomposition and sparse matrix iterative methods-for constructing the preconditioner, providing the tradeoffs between CPU time and memory. Results show an order of magnitude improvement over the nonpreconditioned case on the convergence rate. As an example, for 20 000 vias simulation, the solution time (per excitation and per frequency) is approximately 13 s per iteration, and 75 min to reach convergence in 320 iterations With memory requirements of 560 MB on a single Pentium 2.4-GHz processor machine. Numerical simulations are illustrated for physical problems such as ball-grid array and large-scale randomly distributed vias, where we have observed the shielding effects of the terminated vias that reduce the coupling between vias. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Huang, CC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI CHAN, Chi Hou /0000-0002-9718-0831 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2003.821229 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 768JW UT WOS:000188540700003 ER PT B AU Denig, WF Mulligan, P Cox, JM AF Denig, WF Mulligan, P Cox, JM GP ieee TI Space environmental data requirements for polar-orbiting operational environmental spacecraft SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) is a key component of the future US space weather monitoring architecture. The Department of Commerce (DOC) and the Department of Defense (DoD) are responsive to National needs from which requirements for NPOESS space environmental data records are derived. The NPOESS requirements for space environmental data are specified in the Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD) jointly approved by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the DOC and the DoD. The Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) is the set of space sensors and algorithms needed to measure and process space environmental data in accordance with the IORD. The intent of this report is to provide the basis of requirements for space environmental monitoring by the NPOESS program and to describe how the NPOESS SESS mission addresses the space weather architectural needs of the DOC and DoD. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Diretorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Denig, WF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Diretorate, 29 Randoph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2450 EP 2453 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900639 ER PT S AU Power, GJ AF Power, GJ BE Bruzzone, L TI Remotely sensed object recognition using multiple comparative measures SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing IX CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE DE similarity; shape; object recognition; image processing; segmentation; measures; metrics; template matching; shape analysis; image analysis; remote sensing; feature analysis AB In the real world of remote sensing, rarely does the extracted object precisely match a stored template of that object. A certain level of uncertainty must be permitted between the stored template and the extracted object. One solution to deal with this uncertainty is to evaluate measures between the object and template. Many measures have been introduced independently in literature for evaluating the statistical nature of the extracted objects such as a variety of shape and texture measures. The object is measured and compared to similar measures taken from the template. This paper suggests using measures extracted through a joint comparative process of template and object. It also suggests using multiple measures from the joint class of measures as opposed to using an individual measure to determine the sufficiency of the match. In particular, this paper demonstrates the value of using multiple comparative shape measures as opposed to one particular shape measure to achieve confidence in a match. The multiple-shape measure approach uses a matched filter measure, a Procrustes metric, a partial-direct hausdorf measure, and percent-pixels same measure. Each shape measure gives slightly different insight about the shape comparison which allows more confidence in the match. An experimental result is given that demonstrates the implementation and usefulness of the multiple comparative measure approach for recognizing objects from remotely sensed imagery. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, AFRL SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, AFRL SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5121-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5238 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.508064 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY70N UT WOS:000189443300010 ER PT S AU MacDonald, A Cain, S AF MacDonald, A Cain, S BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Image restoration techniques for partially coherent 2-D LADAR imaging systems SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data III CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB A new image reconstruction algorithm is constructed to remove the effect of atmospheric turbulence on motion-compensated frame averaged data collected by a laser illuminated 2-D imaging system. The algorithm simultaneously computes a high resolution image and Fried's seeing parameter via a MAP (Maximum a Priori) estimation technique. This blind deconvolution algorithm differs from other techniques in that it parameterizes the unknown component of the impulse response as an average short-exposure point spread function. The utility of the approach lies in its application to laser illuminated imaging where laser speckle and turbulence effects dominate other sources of error and the field of view of the sensor greatly exceeds the isoplanatic angle. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP MacDonald, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5500-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5562 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.560278 PG 9 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBI20 UT WOS:000225600000002 ER PT S AU Matson, CL Beckner, CC Schulze, KJ AF Matson, CL Beckner, CC Schulze, KJ BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Fundamental limits to noise reduction in images using support - benefits from deconvolution SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data III CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE support; deconvolution; Cramer-Rao bounds; image reconstruction; noise reduction AB The usefulness of support constraints to achieve noise reduction in images is analyzed here using an algorithm-independent Cramer-Rao bound approach. Recently, it has been shown that the amount of noise reduction achievable using support as a constraint is a function of the image-domain noise correlation properties. For image-domain delta-correlated noise sources (such as Poisson and CCD read noise), applying a support constraint does not reduce noise in the absence of deconvolution due to the lack of spatial correlation. However, when deconvolution is included in the image processing algorithm, the situation changes significantly because the deconvolution operation imposes correlations in the measurement noise. Here we present results for an invertible system blurring function showing how noise reduction occurs with support and deconvolution. In particular, we show that and explain why noise reduction preferentially occurs at the edges of the support constraint. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5500-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5562 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.555937 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBI20 UT WOS:000225600000018 ER PT S AU Matson, CL Tyler, DW AF Matson, CL Tyler, DW BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Primary and secondary super-resolution: degrees of freedom versus Fourier extrapolation SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data III CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE superresolution; support; prolate spheroidal wave functions ID RESTORATION; IMAGES AB Superresolution of images by data inversion is defined as extrapolating measured Fourier data into regions of Fourier space where no measurements have been taken. This type of superresolution can only occur by data inversion. There exist two camps of thought regarding the efficacy of this type of superresolution: the first is that meaningful superresolution is unachievable due to signal-to-noise limitations, and the second is that meaningful superresolution is possible. Here we present a framework for describing superresolution in a way that accommodates both points of view. In particular, we define the twin concepts of primary and secondary superresolution and show that the first camp is referring to primary superresolution while the second group is referring to secondary superresolution. We discuss the implications of both types of superresolution on the ability of data inversion to achieve meaningful superresolution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5500-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5562 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.555938 PG 9 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBI20 UT WOS:000225600000020 ER PT S AU Eismann, MT Hardie, RC AF Eismann, MT Hardie, RC BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral resolution enhancement with an arbitrary point spread function SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry X CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; resolution enhancement; MAP estimation; stochastic mixing model; gradient search; conjugate gradient method ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE DATA; MIXING MODELS; FUSION AB Several remote sensing platforms have been developed that include boresighted hyperspectral and panchromatic imaging sensors. The NASA EO-1 platform is a prime example, and includes the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor and multispectral Advanced Land Imager (ALI). Typically in these cases, the panchromatic imagery that is produced is of higher spatial resolution than the hyperspectral imagery. In the NASA EO-1 case, for example, Hyperion exhibits a 30 meter ground sample distance (GSD) and the ALI includes a 10 meter GSD panchromatic band. This paper addresses the issue of combining concurrent imagery from both sources with the goal of deriving a hyperspectral image with the spectral resolution of the hyperspectral data source and the spatial resolution of the panchromatic data source. Specifically, the use of a stochastic mixing model (SMM) along with MAP estimation is extended to the case where the point spread function of the hyperspectral sensor is not assumed to be detector-limited. This case is addressed by using an iterative optimization strategy based on a parametric description of the point spread function of the hyperspectral sensor. Results indicate that the iterative approach appears to find the optimal MAP solution. This paper summarizes the MAP/SMM enhancement method, the iterative optimization strategy, and enhancement results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5484-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5546 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.553237 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBE19 UT WOS:000225102700008 ER PT S AU Barcomb, CK Schott, J Brown, S Hattenberger, T AF Barcomb, CK Schott, J Brown, S Hattenberger, T BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI High-resolution, slant-angle scene generation and validation of concealed targets in DIRSIG SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry X CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE DIRSIG; concealed target detection; hyperspectral image simulation; oblique view; verification and validation AB Traditionally, synthetic imagery has been constructed to simulate images captured with low resolution, nadir-viewing sensors. Advances in sensor design have driven a need to simulate scenes not only at higher resolutions but also from oblique view angles. The primary efforts of this research include: real image capture, scene construction and modeling, and validation of the synthetic imagery in the reflective portion of the spectrum. High resolution imagery was collected of an area named MicroScene at the Rochester Institute of Technology using the Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science's MISI and WASP sensors using an oblique view angle. Three Humvees, the primary targets, were placed in the scene under three different levels of concealment. Following the collection, a synthetic replica of the scene was constructed and then rendered with the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model configured to recreate the scene both spatially and spectrally based on actual sensor characteristics. Finally, a validation of the synthetic imagery against the real images of MicroScene was accomplished using a combination of qualitative analysis, Gaussian maximum likelihood classification, and the RX algorithm. The model was updated following each validation using a cyclical development approach. The purpose of this research is to provide a level of confidence in the synthetic imagery produced by DIRSIG so that it can be used to train and develop algorithms for real world concealed target detection. C1 USAF, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Barcomb, CK (reprint author), USAF, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5484-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5546 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1117/12.561256 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBE19 UT WOS:000225102700030 ER PT S AU Peterson, ED Brown, SD Hattenberger, TJ Schott, JR AF Peterson, ED Brown, SD Hattenberger, TJ Schott, JR BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Surface and buried landmine scene generation and validation using the digital Imaging and remote sensing image generation model SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry X CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE DIRSIG; reststrahlen; hyperspectral image simulation; mine detection; long wave infrared ID HYPERSPECTRAL MINE DETECTION; PASSIVE IR; PHENOMENOLOGY; DIRSIG AB Detection and neutralization of surface-laid and buried landmines has been a slow and dangerous endeavor for military forces and humanitarian organizations throughout the world. In an effort to make the process faster and safer, scientists have begun to exploit the ever-evolving passive electro-optical realm, both from a broadband perspective and a multi or hyperspectral perspective. Carried with this exploitation is the development of mine detection algorithms that take advantage of spectral features exhibited by mine targets, only available in a multi or hyperspectral data set. Difficulty in algorithm development arises from a lack of robust data, which is needed to appropriately test the validity of an algorithm's results. This paper discusses the development of synthetic data using the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model. A synthetic landmine scene has been modeled after data collected at a US Army and testing site by the University of Hawaii's Airborne Hyperspectral Imager (AHI). The synthetic data has been created and validated to represent the surrogate minefield thermally, spatially, spectrally, and temporally over the 7.9 to 11.5 micron region using 70 bands of data. Validation of the scene has been accomplished by direct comparison to the AM truth data using qualitative band to band visual analysis, Rank Order Correlation comparison, Principle Components dimensionality analysis, and an evaluation of the R(x) algorithm's performance. This paper discusses landmine detection phenomenology, describes the steps taken to build the scene, modeling methods utilized to overcome input parameter limitations, and compares the synthetic scene to truth data. C1 USAF, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Peterson, ED (reprint author), USAF, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5484-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5546 BP 312 EP 323 DI 10.1117/12.561264 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBE19 UT WOS:000225102700031 ER PT S AU Price, SD AF Price, SD BE Jenniskens, P Cellino, AQ Price, S TI The surface properties of asteroids SO IMPACT OF MINOR BODIES OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM ON PLANETS AND THEIR MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE asteroids; regolith; mineralogy ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS; MINOR PLANET SURVEY; NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS; 4 VESTA; THERMAL PHYSICS; ISO OBSERVATIONS; 1 CERES; GASPRA; IMAGES AB The physical characteristics of asteroid surfaces are best defined by direct measurements, few of which currently exist. Thus, inferences from indirect observations must be made. From the limited visible and radar imagery heavy cratering marks the asteroid surfaces and the surfaces are rough at all scales. For those asteroids with both a size and mass determination, only the largest bodies have bulk densities close to those expected from their meteoritic analogs. The smaller asteroids have large-scale porosities of 20% and greater; the objects with highest macroporosity are likely to be rubble piles while the denser ones may be heavily fractured coherent objects. The regoliths on the larger asteroids appear to be at least centimeters deep, while infrared measurements on the smaller objects argue for either a much thinner regolith or a bare surface; although direct imagery on the modest sized near-Earth asteroid 433 Eros indicates a regolith that is meters deep. Visual and infrared spectra clearly show that the silicates olivine and pyroxene are present on many asteroids and indicate the spectral signature of hydrated minerals in several low Albedo asteroids. Disk integrated photometry and radiometry provide clues as to the surface porosity and roughness and the fraction of surface covered by craters. Microwave, radio and radar measurements can penetrate the surface regolith, yielding information on the particle size distribution, and the nature of the underlying material. Modeling of the radiative transfer within the surface and deeper layers of an asteroid is required to accurately interpret these disk integrated measurements in terms of realistic physical parameters. Although the modeling has become sophisticated, additional components as well as more extensive and accurate measurements are required to derive an unambiguous picture of the asteroid surface layers from the indirect observations. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBC, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBC, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM sreve.price@hanscom.af.mil NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1548 EP 1557 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00453-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAI23 UT WOS:000222364500017 ER PT S AU Apostolova, T Huang, DH Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Apostolova, T Huang, DH Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA BE Strojnik, M TI Laser cooling of semiconductors using three-photon excitation SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Geol Soc Amer DE laser cooling; wide-bandgap; semiconductors; three-photon excitation ID FIELD AB An energy-balance equation for excited carriers and phonons is established for studying the laser cooling of wide-bandgap semiconductors using three-photon excitation process. The power-exchange densities of the system are calculated for different strengths of the excitation field. When the power-exchange density is positive, it implies laser cooling of the lattice. The effects of initial lattice temperature and field-frequency detuning on the laser-cooling phenomenon under the three-photon excitation process is demonstrated. The power-exchange densities are compared for both laser cooling and heating using nonlinear excitation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5481-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5543 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.561443 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBI75 UT WOS:000225669300006 ER PT S AU Serna, M McCauley, D AF Serna, M McCauley, D BE Strojnik, M TI Generalizing a quantum-well infrared single-pixel polarimeter (QWISPP) to Fourier transform spectral-polarimetric imaging SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Geol Soc Amer DE FTIR imager; polarimeter; coregistered; Stokes vectors; remote sensing; spectral polarization detector; polarization uncertainty ID CAPABILITIES; FABRICATION; DETECTORS AB At previous SPIE meetings, we reported on an optoelectronic device that measures the complete polarization state of incident infrared light in a single pixel and in a single frame for a narrow wavelength band (deltalambda < 0.05 mum). Using at least four quantum-well stacks and four linear gratings, each stacked alternating above the other, the device uses the interference among light paths to create a distinct pattern of photocurrents at each quantum-well stack coding for a specific polarization. In this paper, we will model the performance of this device, a quantum-well infrared single-pixel polarimeter (QWISPP), in the setting of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imager. We model one column of QWISPP pixels detecting an interferogram. Using an FTIR with randomly varying QWISPP pixels to detect the interferogram, we discovered a technique that allows an 100 x improvement in measured spectral-polarization uncertainty compared to the use of identical QWISPP pixels in an FTIR or grating spectrometer. The technique also enables a 15 x improvement in the uniformity of the error across a sample spectrum. In other words, we turn into an advantage the imperfections in fabricating an FPA of QWISPPs. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A153, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM mariojr@alum.mit.edu RI Serna, Mario/M-1226-2015 OI Serna, Mario/0000-0001-9650-6732 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5481-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5543 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.561698 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBI75 UT WOS:000225669300009 ER PT S AU LeVan, PD Roush, FM Shih, HD Kinch, MA Aqariden, F Liao, PK Dreiske, PD Franda, CA Orent, TW Robinson, JE Schaake, HF Teherani, TH Kalma, AH AF LeVan, PD Roush, FM Shih, HD Kinch, MA Aqariden, F Liao, PK Dreiske, PD Franda, CA Orent, TW Robinson, JE Schaake, HF Teherani, TH Kalma, AH BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE Johnson, CB TI HDVIP (R) for low-background-flux and high-operating-temperature applications SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE infrared detector; focal plane array; HgCdTe AB An overview of the DRS HDVIP(R) architecture for realization of large-area infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) is given. Improvements needed to meet more stringent application requirements are discussed and modeled. Both theoretical and experimental data are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5501-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5563 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1117/12.566370 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ52 UT WOS:000225817800001 ER PT S AU Roush, FM Shih, HD Orent, TW Franda, CA Dreiske, PD Aqariden, F Kinch, MA Liao, PK Robinson, JE Schaake, HF Teherani, TH Kalma, AH AF Roush, FM Shih, HD Orent, TW Franda, CA Dreiske, PD Aqariden, F Kinch, MA Liao, PK Robinson, JE Schaake, HF Teherani, TH Kalma, AH BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE Johnson, CB TI High-operating-temperature infrared detectors based on HDVIP (R) SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE infrared detector; focal plane array; microlens AB An overview on DRS' approaches towards realization of HgCdTe photonic infrared detectors based on DRS's proven HDVIP(R) technology is given. The first approach involves the use of a silicon microlens array attached to the detector array, and the second reduction of dark currents in each detector itself. Recent progress is presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roush, FM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5501-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5563 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.566371 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ52 UT WOS:000225817800002 ER PT S AU LeVan, PD AF LeVan, PD BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE Johnson, CB TI Perspectives on dualband infrared focal plane array efforts SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE infrared detector; focal plane array; dualband; imaging ID TECHNOLOGY; CAMERA AB Over the years there has been considerable investments in dualband infrared focal plane array (FPA) technology. Both quantum well photodetector and HgCdTe photovoltaic approaches have now achieved dualband-imaging capability. The fruits of these investments are being realized with FPAs that approach levels of performance and maturity sufficiently high to meet end-user needs. Dualband FPAs were developed primarily in support of conceptual surveillance, acquisition and tracking scenarios for a variety of target types. These dualband FPAs may be considered the functional equivalent of dual-channel imagers comprising a dichroic beamsplitter and two distinct FPAs. The volume and cooling requirements of the dual-channel imagers are appreciable relative to the single, dualband FPA. Novel spectral imaging concepts are also enabled with the current dual band, and future multi-waveband, FPA technologies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5501-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5563 BP 130 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12.565674 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ52 UT WOS:000225817800014 ER PT S AU McCarley, PL Massie, MA Curzan, JP AF McCarley, PL Massie, MA Curzan, JP BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Large format variable spatial acuity superpixel imaging: visible and infrared systems applications SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE variable acuity; superpixels; FPA; programmable; visible; infrared AB This paper serves as a companion to SPIE paper 4820-36, presented in Seattle in 2002. Advances in the design and application of "Variable Spatial Acuity" focal plane arrays are reported here, with specific examples of large format imagers and applications to which they are being applied. These devices have been developed through the combined requirements of (a) covering a wide total field of view while (b) retaining the highest possible spatial resolution on the objects of interest while at the same time (c) operating at the highest possible frame rate. Many thousands of frames per second are possible with the prototype imager while maintaining high spatial resolution. The prototype device operates as a visible imager, and we are pursuing the transition of this technology into the infrared domain. This paper will concentrate on applications of the technology and will show some imagery collected with the systems developed for their use. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, AFRL,MNGI, Washington, DC USA. RP McCarley, PL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, AFRL,MNGI, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5329-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5406 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1117/12.548404 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAX97 UT WOS:000224150900041 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Riehl, B Ahamed, F Biggers, R Campbell, A Kuylenstierna, D Vorobiev, A Gevorgian, S AF Subramanyam, G Riehl, B Ahamed, F Biggers, R Campbell, A Kuylenstierna, D Vorobiev, A Gevorgian, S TI New research directions in tunable microwave dielectrics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/5th Korean Workshop on High Dielectric Devices and Materials CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA DE ferroelectrics; BSTO thin-films; nanostructured thin-films; tunable microwave devices; capacitive shunt switches ID FERROELECTRIC VARACTORS; MEMS SWITCHES; DEVICES AB Nano-structured Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (FIST) thin-films are currently being investigated by our group for applications in tunable microwave devices and circuits. This work is performed in collaboration with Air Force Research Laboratory Materials Directorate. We have synthesized low microwave-loss nano-structured columnar BST thin-films using a self-directed process-controlled pulsed laser deposition system. The average grain size of the films was controllable from similar to20 nm to similar to150 nm without any clustering by increasing the oxygen ambient pressure from 38 mT to 150 mT. The films with lower average grain size have been found to be tunable and low loss up to 50 GHz. Precise grain size control has resulted in low loss tunable high-K dielectric for variety of applications. Two new research applications are pursued by our group. One is in the design and development of electromagnetic band gap structures (EBGs) and the other in the design and development of capacitive shunt switches for microwave applications. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Gevorgian, Spartak/I-3841-2013 OI Gevorgian, Spartak/0000-0002-5313-8738 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2004 VL 66 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1080/10584580490894988 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 884MP UT WOS:000226089700014 ER PT S AU Marett, K Biros, DP Knode, ML AF Marett, K Biros, DP Knode, ML BE Chen, H Zeng, DD Moore, R Leavitt, J TI Self-efficacy, training effectiveness, and deception detection: A longitudinal study of lie detection training SO INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2004) CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ SP San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Tucson Polic Dept, Natl Sci Fdn, Dept Homeland Secur, Intelligence Technol Innovat Ctr, Eller Coll Business & Public Adm, Management Informat Syst Dept, Internet Technol, Commerce & Design Inst, Ctr Management Informat, Mark & Susan Hoffman E-Commerce Lab, NSF COPLINK Ctr Excellence, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Natl Inst Justice, Af Off Sci Res, Silcon Graph HO Univ Arizona ID INTERPERSONAL DECEPTION; PERFORMANCE; CUES; EXPECTATIONS; PERCEPTIONS; MECHANISMS; ABILITY AB Studies examining the ability to detection deception have consistently found that humans tend to be poor detectors. In this study, we examine the roles of self-efficacy and training over time. We conducted a field experiment at a military training center involving 119 service members. The subjects were given two sessions of deception detection training. Their performance history, perceived effectiveness of the training, and perceived self-efficacy were measured over time. Two significant findings were identified. First, training novelty and relativity played a noticeable role in the subjects' perceptions of effectiveness. Second, influencing subject self-efficacy to detect deception requires time and multiple iterations of the task so as to allow the subjects the opportunity to calibrate their skills. We believe that continued research along this line will ultimately results in marked improvement in deception detection ability. C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Business, MIS Dept, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USAF, Chief Informat Off, Informat Assurance Div, Washington, DC 20330 USA. HQ Air Force Special Operat Command, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. RP Marett, K (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Business, MIS Dept, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM lkm7032@cob.fsu.edu; David.Biros@pentagon.af.mil; Monti.Knode@hurlburt.af.mil NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22125-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3073 BP 187 EP 200 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH47 UT WOS:000222231100014 ER PT S AU George, JF Biros, DP Adkins, M Burgoon, JK Nunamaker, JF AF George, JF Biros, DP Adkins, M Burgoon, JK Nunamaker, JF BE Chen, H Zeng, DD Moore, R Leavitt, J TI Testing various modes of computer-based training for deception detection SO INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2004) CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ SP San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Tucson Polic Dept, Natl Sci Fdn, Dept Homeland Secur, Intelligence Technol Innovat Ctr, Eller Coll Business & Public Adm, Management Informat Syst Dept, Internet Technol, Commerce & Design Inst, Ctr Management Informat, Mark & Susan Hoffman E-Commerce Lab, NSF COPLINK Ctr Excellence, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Natl Inst Justice, Af Off Sci Res, Silcon Graph HO Univ Arizona AB People are not very good at detecting deception in normal communication, and past efforts to train them to become better detectors have been mixed. This paper reports on a training study involving 177 military officers. In addition to developing and testing a training program to improve deception detection, this study also aimed to test different versions of a computer-based training system. Participants received training on deception generally and on specific indicators. The training program was delivered via a videotaped lecture or via one of four versions of Agent99, the computer-based training system. Participants completed pre- and post-tests on their knowledge of deception and on their ability to detect it. Detection accuracy was measured by asking participants to judge if behavior in video, audio and text examples was deceptive or honest. Agent99 users and video lecture viewers all improved their knowledge of deception and their ability to detect it. C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Business, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USAF, Chief Informat Off, Washington, DC USA. Univ Arizona, Eller Coll Business & Publ Adm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP George, JF (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Business, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jgeorge@garnet.acns.fsu.edu; David.Biros@pentagon.af.mil; madkins@cmi.arizona.edu; jburgoon@cmi.arizona.edu; jnunamaker@cmi.arizona.edu RI George, Joey/A-8367-2009; George, Joey/A-9080-2012 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22125-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3073 BP 411 EP 417 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH47 UT WOS:000222231100031 ER PT B AU Marker, DK Carreras, RA Tran, HD AF Marker, DK Carreras, RA Tran, HD BE Jamshidi, M Foulloy, L Elkamel, A Jamshidi, JS TI System identification of optical quality membrane mirrors SO Intelligent Automations and Control: Trends Principles, and Applications, Vol 16 SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Intelligent Automation and Control/9th International Symposium on Manufacturing and Applications held at the 6th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN SP World Automat Congress, ISIAC, Minist Cienc Tecnol, Univ Sevilla, Univ Politecn Madrid, Plan Andaluz Invest DE optical; membrane; vibration; system identification; polyimide AB In 2001, the Directed Energy Directorate demonstrated the feasibility of an optical quality polymer membrane mirror. This technology has created new set challenges in the area of structures, controls, wavefront correctors, and wavefront sensors. When comparing a membrane mirror to a conventional glass, the optical figure and dynamic stability of a conventional optic is maintained using a structurally stiff mirror, where the aspect ratio of the diameter to thickness is on the order of 10:1. The aspect ratio of a membrane mirror might be on the order of 106: 1. The benefit of the membrane is less weight at the cost of significantly more optical aberrations, both static and dynamic. New Advanced Wavefront Control technologies [1,2] will provide the capability to correct for a significant static aberration but membrane dynamics will prove to be a substantial challenge for the Advanced Wavefront Controller. Thus controlling membrane dynamics is a critical enabling technology. A system identification of the membrane mirror will provide a plant model for the development of the system control architecture. This research will show how one motion sensor can do a reasonably good job of tracking the free response of a planar membrane. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Marker, DK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-22-3 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2004 VL 16 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCO54 UT WOS:000230419300057 ER PT B AU Carreras, RA Marker, DK AF Carreras, RA Marker, DK BE Jamshidi, M Foulloy, L Elkamel, A Jamshidi, JS TI Control model for a large optical membrane mirror with inner ring control SO Intelligent Automations and Control: Trends Principles, and Applications, Vol 16 SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Intelligent Automation and Control/9th International Symposium on Manufacturing and Applications held at the 6th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Seville, SPAIN SP World Automat Congress, ISIAC, Minist Cienc Tecnol, Univ Sevilla, Univ Politecn Madrid, Plan Andaluz Invest DE thin membrane; membrane inirror; close loop control; optical aberrations; wavefront sensor; thin film; control modeling AB Large membrane mirror technology is of great interest for a large, lightweight telescope application. The membrane mirror technology is driven by the expectation of achieving very large optics with lower costs, through reductions in structural mass and volume. A key component for success of membranes used as optical telescopes is the control and maintenance of the accuracy of the membrane mirror surface. This is especially difficult when operating within a vibration environment. Thus, an inner control ring for control purposes is being conceived to control and dampen any vibration issues associated with a large, lightweight membrane mirror. The vibration control of a large, lightweight membrane mirror is a new challenge, which has not previously been addressed. This paper will give a description of a computer model, which will be used to design the inner control ring. This paper will also illustrate how the models were arrived at and will show some possible control schemes, which will be implemented at a future date. The research goal is to develop an autonomous optical figure acquisition and control model for any future large, lightweight membrane mirror design. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Carreras, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-22-3 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2004 VL 16 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BCO54 UT WOS:000230419300058 ER PT J AU Benedek, R Seidman, DN Woodward, C AF Benedek, R Seidman, DN Woodward, C TI Interface energies for carbide precipitates in TiAl SO INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TiAl; Ti2AlC; Ti3AlC; coherent interface; interface energy; first-principles calculation ID CARBON; CREEP; ALLOY; POTENTIALS; OXIDATION; ADHESION AB Carbon has been extensively investigated as an additive to TiAl alloys to improve high-temperature mechanical properties. The ternary-carbide-precipitate phases that have received most attention are Ti3AlC (cubic perovskite), and Ti2AlC (hexagonal). The perovskite (P) precipitates in the form of needles along the (001) direction of gamma-TiAl, and the hexagonal phase (H) primarily forms platelets perpendicular to (111) directions. Using the first-principles density functional theory code VASP, calculations of host-precipitate interface energies were performed for these two carbides. An atomic-scale formulation of the interface energy is adopted. Calculations for the coherent interfaces are performed to determine the preferred terminations and translation states. An approximate correction to the interface energy for the effect of misfit is applied to estimate the energy of incoherent interfaces. The relative interface properties of the P-type and H-type carbides are determined by, in addition to the misfit strains, (i) the stronger bonding of the P-type than the H-type precipitate with the host at the interface, and (ii) the more pronounced variations of the interatomic potentials as a function of parallel translation state across non-close-packed (100) P layers than those across close-packed (0001) H layers. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat Res Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM beiiedek@anl.gov RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7056 J9 INTERFACE SCI JI Interface Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1023/B:INTS.0000012294.78869.e5 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 803SU UT WOS:000220251600006 ER PT S AU Hay, RS AF Hay, RS BE Schuh, CA Kumar, M Carter, CB Randle, V TI Twin boundaries and stacking faults in monazite (monoclinic LaPO4) SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties III held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES; DISLOCATIONS; MECHANISMS; PHOSPHATES; COATINGS; ALUMINUM AB Monazite (LaPO4) was indented at room temperature. Deformation twin boundaries and stacking faults were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Kinked deformation twins were also characterized and analyzed. Three types of stacking faults associated with climb-dissociated partial dislocations were observed. Two were found on twin boundaries, and a third in the lattice. Formation mechanisms are discussed. The superimposition of stacking faults along twin boundaries during deformation twinning and the glide of climb-dissociated partial dislocations allowed by stacking fault migration are discussed. The possible relationship between the formation mechanisms for these defects and the low-temperature recrystallization and self-annealing of defects in monazite is considered. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-769-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 819 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBA59 UT WOS:000224420200030 ER PT J AU John, R Porter, WJ Olson, S AF John, R Porter, WJ Olson, S TI Measurement and modeling of orthotropic elastic behavior of grains in a gamma titanium aluminide alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium alummides based on TiAl; anisotropy; elastic properties; mechanical properties, theory; mechanical testing ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; PST CRYSTALS; CRACK-GROWTH; DEFORMATION; CONSTANTS; FATIGUE; TI3AL AB Gamma titanium aluminide (gamma-TiAl) alloys have been under development for use in rotating components for gas turbine engines. Detailed three-dimensional (3D) grain-level finite element models are being developed to predict damage initiation and accumulation in gamma-TiAl during service loading. These models require knowledge of the orthotropic nature of the elastic and plastic deformation of individual grains. While the elastic properties of gamma and alpha-2 single-phase materials have been extensively studied, the elastic response of fully lamellar two-phase materials has not received the same degree of attention. This paper describes an integrated experimental and analytical approach to deduce the elastic grain properties in a gamma-TiAl. Specimens with gage sections composed of specifically-oriented individual lamellar grains were tested in tension. 3D finite element analyses were used to deduce the elastic grain properties. These grain properties were used to accurately predict the elastic properties of polysynthetically-twinned (PST) and polycrystalline gamma-TiAl. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP John, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM reji.john@wpafb.af.mil NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2003.07.006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 764WK UT WOS:000188228800001 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Kim, RY Bechel, VT AF Tandon, G. P. Kim, Ran Y. Bechel, Vernon T. TI Construction of the Fiber-Matrix Interfacial Failure Envelope in a Polymer Matrix Composite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interface strength; optical method; debond; combined loading AB Previous research efforts have used the single-fiber cruciform test to measure the tensile normal strength of a fiber/matrix interface while eliminating the influence of free-edge stresses that are present in transverse testing of conventional straight-sided specimens. In this work, the cruciform specimen was modified to characterize the fiber/matrix interface strength under combined transverse and shear loading. Initiation and growth of interface debonds were detected optically by observation of variations in the intensity of light reflected from the surface of the fiber during loading. Test data reduction was accomplished with a 3-D finite element model of the angled cruciform sample. Using the measured value of applied stress at debond initiation, and the calculated stress concentration factors at the fiber/matrix interface, a mixed-mode failure envelope was constructed in the normal-shear stress space, and a quadratic failure criteria was proposed. Finally, a brief discussion has been included of how this interfacial strength data may be used in a multiscale analysis to predict bulk characteristics of a composite laminate. C1 [Bechel, Vernon T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Kim, Ran Y.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vernon.bechel@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force [F33615-00-D-5006] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Erik Ripberger and Mr. Ron Trejo of the University of Dayton Research Institute for considerable help with sample fabrication and testing. This research was performed, in part, under US Air Force Contract No. F33615-00-D-5006. Helpful discussions with Dr. N. J. Pagano of the Air Force Research Laboratory are gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v2.i1.70 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V26NT UT WOS:000208553000007 ER PT J AU Bolia, RS AF Bolia, RS TI Special Issue: Spatial Audio Displays for Military Aviation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AIDED VISUAL-SEARCH; HEADPHONE SIMULATION; FIELD; PERFORMANCE; TARGET C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,HECP, Human Interface Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,HECP, Human Interface Technol Branch, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Robert.Bolia@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap1403_1 PG 6 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 837YK UT WOS:000222677200001 ER PT J AU Tannen, RS Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Warm, JSD Dember, WN AF Tannen, RS Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Warm, JSD Dember, WN TI Evaluating adaptive multisensory displays for target localization in a flight task SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIDED VISUAL-SEARCH; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACES; SYMBOLOGY; DESIGN; FIELD AB This study was designed to determine the efficacy of providing target location information via head-coupled visual and spatial audio displays presented in adaptive and nonadaptive configurations. Twelve United States Air Force pilots performed a simulated flight task in which they were instructed to maintain flight parameters while searching for ground and air targets. The integration of visual displays with spatial audio cueing enhanced performance efficiency, especially when targets were most difficult to detect. Several of the interface conditions were also associated with lower ratings of perceived mental workload. The benefits associated with multisensory cueing were equivalent in both adaptive and nonadaptive configurations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ARFL, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Elect Ink, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, ARFL, HECP, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Todd.Nelson@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap1403_5 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 837YK UT WOS:000222677200005 ER PT J AU Ericson, MA Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Ericson, MA Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI Factors that influence intelligibility in multitalker speech displays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; INTERAURAL TIME; PERCEPTION; MASKING AB Although many researchers have commented on the potential of audio display technology to improve intelligibility in multitalker speech communication tasks, no consensus exists on how to design an "optimal" multitalker speech display. In this article, we review several experiments that have used a consistent procedure to evaluate the effect of four monaural parameters on overall intelligibility. We also present the results of a new experiment that has used the same procedure to examine the influence of 2 additional factors in binaural speech displays: (a) the apparent spatial locations of the talkers and (b) the listener's a priori information about the listening task. C1 AFRL, HECB, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP AFRL, HECB, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.ericson@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 313 EP 334 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap1403_6 PG 22 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 837YK UT WOS:000222677200006 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR TI Large-eddy simulation of supersonic boundary-layer flow by a high-order method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE large-eddy simulation; high-order numerical method; dynamic subgrid-stress model; compact finite-difference scheme; flat-plate boundary-layer flow ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DELTA-WING ROLL; COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENCE; SHEAR FLOWS; TRANSITION AB A high-order numerical method is described for performing large-eddy simulations (LESs) of supersonic flowfields. Spatial derivatives are represented by a compact stencil that is used in conjunction with a tenth-order non-dispersive filter. The scheme employs a time-implicit approximately-factored finite-difference algorithm, and applies Newton-like subiterations to achieve second-order temporal and sixth-order spatial accuracy. Details of the method are summarized and LESs are carried out for a spatially evolving supersonic turbulent boundary layer. Two different subgrid-scale models are incorporated in the simulations to account for the spatially under-resolved stresses and heat flux. Comparisons are made between the respective computations, as well as with available experimental data and with previous numerical results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, AFRL VAAC Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1080/10618560310001614926 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 752GD UT WOS:000187152000002 ER PT J AU Salcedo, D Villalta, PW Varutbangkul, V Wormhoudt, JC Miake-Lye, RC Worsnop, DR Ballenthin, JO Thorn, WF Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Salcedo, D Villalta, PW Varutbangkul, V Wormhoudt, JC Miake-Lye, RC Worsnop, DR Ballenthin, JO Thorn, WF Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Effect of relative humidity on the detection of sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE chemical ionization mass spectrometer; sulfur dioxide; sulfuric acid; water clusters; relative humidity ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS; SO2; H2SO4; TROPOSPHERE; DEPENDENCE; CHEMISTRY; PRESSURE; AEROSOLS AB Detection of sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid at high relative humidity was studied using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). The reactant ions used in the experiments are CO3- .nH(2)O (n = 0-5), which react with SO2 to form SO5- nH(2)O (n = 0-2). H2SO4 reacts with the precursor ions to form HSO4- (m/z = 97 amu) and H2SO4.CO3- (m/z = 158 amu). We report the first use of the latter ionization scheme to detect sulfuric acid. High RH affects the detection Of SO2 and H2SO4 by forming clusters with the reactant and product ions, reducing sensitivity. Increasing the temperature breaks these clusters. For SO2 at high RH, either SO5- (m/z = 112 amu) or SO5- H2O (m/z = 130 amu) can be used for SO2 detection without a decrease in sensitivity. For H2SO4 at high RH, it is preferred to detect the ion H2SO4.CO3- because the background signal at 158 amu is small, and a better sensitivity can be achieved. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Salcedo, Dara/B-7338-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; OI Salcedo, Dara/0000-0002-6923-111X; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Villalta, Peter/0000-0002-0067-3083 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 231 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2003.09.005 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 762KN UT WOS:000187971000002 ER PT J AU Soni, SR Kilic, H Camden, M Derriso, MM Cunningham, S AF Soni, SR Kilic, H Camden, M Derriso, MM Cunningham, S TI Failure analysis and behaviour of titanium alloy metal matrix composite bolted joints SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bolted joints; failure analysis; metal matrix composites; micromechanics ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; FIBER COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION; ELEMENT; ROOM AB Pin-loaded hole coupons with tapered geometry were tested to examine the failure behaviour of titanium alloy metal matrix composite (MMC) bolted joints at room temperature and 650 C. The average failure load at 650 C decreased almost to half of the average failure load at room temperature. Additional tests were also carried out at room temperature to investigate different methods to extend the life of the joint. A polyester film was applied around the hole on one face of the specimen, which consequently changed the failure mode and post-failure response of the specimen. Finite element (FE) analyses were performed to predict the behaviour of titanium MMC bolted joints. Failure loads were predicted by solving a boundary value problem representing a single lap bolted joint. A modified concentric cylinders model (CCM) was employed to predict the effective properties used in the FE and failure analyses. Good agreement was shown between the experimental results and the predictions. C1 AdTech Syst Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. USAF, RL, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Soni, SR (reprint author), AdTech Syst Res Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM srsoni@adtechsystems.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1504/IJMPT.2004.004738 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 837BO UT WOS:000222601300004 ER PT B AU Mahalingam, K Eyink, KG Brown, GJ Dorsey, DL AF Mahalingam, K. Eyink, K. G. Brown, G. J. Dorsey, D. L. BE Yeadon, M Gong, H Boothroyd, CB TI Application of exit-plane wave function images in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy for quantitative analysis of III-V semiconductor interfaces SO International Journal of Nanoscience, Vol 3, No 6 SE International Journal of Nanoscience Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Imaging and Characterization of Materials CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE exit-plane wave function images; III-V semiconductor interfaces; factorial analysis of correspondence; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy ID MULTIVARIATE-STATISTICS; HRTEM; RECONSTRUCTION; SERIES AB An image simulation study is performed to investigate the applicability of exit-plane wave function (EPWF) images for an atomic-level compositional mapping of interfaces in the GaAs-AlAs system. A simple procedure for quantifying the composition across an interface, which is based on the method of factorial analysis of correspondence is proposed. A test of this procedure on a simulated EPWF-phase image of Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs/Al0.4Ga0.6As structure, with an atomically abrupt interface on one side and a graded interface on the other, yields profiles which mimic the model-profiles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE J9 INT J NANOSCI SER PY 2004 VL 3 IS 6 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1142/S0219581X04002668 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGB14 UT WOS:000245885600005 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, AJ Benedix, DC AF Tyrrell, AJ Benedix, DC TI Two cases of atlar anomalies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atlas; posterior arch; developmental aplasia; occipital; CILHI; missing in action ID POSTERIOR ARCH; CERVICAL-SPINE; CLEFT AB We present two cases with first cervical (atlas) vertebral anomalies. The individuals exhibiting these anomalies were recovered as part of the United States Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii's global mission to recover missing United States service personnel. Both of these anomalies were potentially clinically significant to the individuals in vivo but it appears that both managed to survive the hardships of military life until the incidents associated with their loss. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Cent Identif Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tyrrell, AJ (reprint author), USA, Cent Identif Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM tyrrella@cilhi.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1047-482X J9 INT J OSTEOARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1002/oa.712 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 777EL UT WOS:000189162600005 ER PT J AU Clinton, BD Vose, JM Vroblesky, DA Harvey, GJ AF Clinton, BD Vose, JM Vroblesky, DA Harvey, GJ TI Determination of the relative uptake of ground vs. surface water by Populus deltoides during phytoremediation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE trichloroehtene; stable isotopes; xylem sapflux ID TREE; STAND; SAP; TRANSPIRATION; ROOTS AB The use of plants to remediate polluted groundwater is becoming an attractive alternative to more expensive traditional techniques. In order to adequately assess the effectiveness of the phytoremediation treatment, a clear understanding of water-use habits by the selected plant species is essential. We examined the relative uptake of surface water (i.e., precipitation) vs. groundwater by mature Populus deltoides by applying irrigation water at a rate equivalent to a 5-cm rain event. We used stable isotopes of hydrogen (D) and oxygen (O-18) to identify groundwater and surface water (irrigation water) in the xylem sap water. Pretreatment isotopic ratios of both deuterium and 180, ranked from heaviest to lightest, were irrigation water > groundwater > xylem sap. The discrepancy in preirrigation. isotopic signatures between groundwater and xylem sap suggests that in the absence of a surface source of water (i.e., between rain events) there is an unknown amount of water being extracted from sources other than groundwater (i.e., soil surface water). We examined changes in volumetric soil water content (%), total hourly sapflux rates, and trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations. Following the irrigation treatment, volumetric soil water increased by 86% and sapflux increased by as much as 61%. Isotopic signatures of the xylem sap became substantially heavier following irrigation, suggesting that the applied irrigation water was quickly taken up by the plants. TCE concentrations in the xylem sap were diluted by an average of 21 % following irrigation; however, dilution was low relative to the increase in sapflux. Our results show that water use by Populus deltoides is variable. Hence, studies addressing phytoremediation effectiveness must account for the relative proportion of surface vs. groundwater uptake. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clinton, BD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, USDA, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM bclinton@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1080/16226510490496438 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859PU UT WOS:000224281200004 PM 15554476 ER PT J AU Simons, JV Russell, GR Kraus, ME AF Simons, JV Russell, GR Kraus, ME TI Service case scheduling - An exploratory description and recommendations for solution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE service operations; customer service management; production scheduling ID CASE-MANAGEMENT; MENTALLY-ILL; INTEGRATION; DELIVERY; RULES; CARE AB Numerous services involve the processing of individual customer cases. These cases require a service provider to accomplish several tasks, many of which involve precedence relationships and sequence-dependent setup times. In addition, time lags may be required between certain tasks to Permit Processing external to the service provider. Finally, satisfaction of customer demand is typically constrained by the availability of the service provider, who seeks to accomplish tasks with an eye toward several dynamic objectives. This problem, designated the service case scheduling problem, is logically described in terms of its objectives, constraints, and characteristics. A simulation study is then used to produce general recommendations for the problem's solution in practice. C1 Georgia So Univ, Dept Finance & Quantitat Anal, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Morehead State Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management Mkt & Real Estate, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Simons, JV (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Finance & Quantitat Anal, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4233 J9 INT J SERV IND MANAG JI Int. J. Serv. Ind. Manage. PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 399 DI 10.1108/09564230410552068 PG 15 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 861BT UT WOS:000224391800010 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Wilfong, ER Lohrke, SM Bausman, T Eggers, JS Bobb, AJ AF Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Wilfong, ER Lohrke, SM Bausman, T Eggers, JS Bobb, AJ TI Impact of 30-day oral dosing with N-acetyl-L-cysteine on Sprague-Dawley rat physiology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glutathione; glutathione-S-transferase; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; oral toxicity; rats ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; NORMAL-ACETYLCYSTEINE; ACYLASE-I; TOXICITY; INVIVO; CELLS; ACETAMINOPHEN; PARACETAMOL; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION AB A number of studies have demonstrated a protective effect associated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against toxic chemical exposure. However, the impact of long-term oral dosing on tissue pathology has not been determined. In this study, the authors assessed the impact of long-term oral NAC administration on organ histopathology and tissue glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity levels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Groups of 20 SD rats ( 10 males, 10 females), 8 weeks of age, were dosed daily by oral gavage with deionized H2O ( negative controls) or NAC solution at a rate of 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Animals were euthanized 6 h after treatment on study day 30. There were no significant differences in final body weights or weekly average weight gain between treatment groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were significantly elevated ( pless than or equal to.05) in NAC-treated animals compared to controls when measured on study day 30. Histopathologic evaluation of the stomach, small intestine, liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and lungs revealed no lesions associated with NAC administration. When measured on study day 30, total GST activity for kidney and skin from NAC-treated animals were increased 39% to 131% as compared to controls. Tissue GSH concentrations from NAC-treated animals were increased 24% to 81% as compared with negative controls. Further studies are needed to determine if the observed increase in tissue GSH concentration and GST activity provide a degree of chemoprotection against dermal and systemic chemical toxicants. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil OI Bobb, Andrew/0000-0002-2369-8566 NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1080/10915810490502041 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 852FD UT WOS:000223739800003 PM 15371168 ER PT J AU Harff, MR Wolff, JM Copenhaver, WW Car, D Estevadeordal, J AF Harff, MR Wolff, JM Copenhaver, WW Car, D Estevadeordal, J TI Stator cascade flow vectoring through counter-flow blowing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBO & JET-ENGINES LA English DT Article AB Preliminary design computational results showed that a significant amount of increased flow turning (12 degrees) can be achieved in a high turning stator example with only 0.5% core flow counter-flow blowing (CFB). To explore this approach, an existing cascade section was modified to implement a "proof-of-concept" design. Experimental data from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) showed that an increase of 8 degrees in turning was achieved through counter-flow blowing of 0.28% of the core flow. For this investigation, a simplified 2-D model was run by the Advanced Ducted Propfan Analysis Code (ADPAC) and compared to the experimental results for a range of 0.0% to 0.30% core flow counter-flow blowing. Based on this study, ADPAC has been shown to be a viable design tool for CFB applications. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Harff, MR (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-0082 J9 INT J TURBO JET ENG JI Int. J. Turbo. Jet-Engines PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 155 EP 168 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 863FX UT WOS:000224547500002 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CE King, PI Franke, ME AF Hamilton, CE King, PI Franke, ME TI Isomer energy source in hybrid jet engines for high altitude reconnaissance flight SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB An investigation was performed on the possibility of employing a triggered isomer heat exchanger (TIHE) as part of a hybrid heat source in an otherwise conventional turbojet engine. Reported is the application of such a long duration engine in a high-altitude long endurance surveillance and reconnaissance mission. Two-phase operation would include a switchover point, that is, an altitude and Mach number at which conventional combustion is replaced by the TIHE. A comparison of conventional and hybrid engines indicates a hybrid mixed-stream turbofan engine flying a part conventional and-part TIHE mission, with a switchover at a Mach number of 0.4 at 40,000 ft, could provide weeks of endurance. Takeoff weight would be reduced by 20% due to lower fuel requirements. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hamilton, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Prop Div, Prop Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.2514/1.692 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 776LV UT WOS:000189118200017 ER PT J AU Biber, K Tilmann, CP AF Biber, K Tilmann, CP TI Supercritical airfoil design for future high-altitude long-endurance concepts SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 06, 2003 CL Reno, NV AB The design and analysis is presented of a new laminar How airfoil for a future high-altitude long-endurance aircraft that has an operational condition at supercritical speeds. The XFOIL and MSES computational codes were used to design, modify, and analyze the airfoil. The air-foil has enough thickness and performance to meet the requirements set for one of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's SensorCraft concepts: a joined-wing configuration with a diamond shape in planform and front views. This SensorCraft concept's geometry and operational altitudes and speeds were used to determine the airfoil design conditions. The airfoil has a drag bucket over a large range of lift coefficients. Boundary-layer transition location is at about 60% chord upper surface and 70% chord lower surface and is characterized by a laminar separation bubble, which. decreases in size with increasing angle of attack. Sensitivity studies were carried out to investigate the effects of Reynolds number and Mach number, along with boundary-layer transition parameters. Further experimental work needs to be performed to validate the design. C1 Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-34870 Istanbul, Turkey. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VAAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Biber, K (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Karliktepe Mah,Serap Sok,4-10, TR-34870 Istanbul, Turkey. EM kxbiber@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.2514/1.1049 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 776LV UT WOS:000189118200018 ER PT J AU Danaher, PJ Cao, MK Anstead, GM Dolan, MJ DeWitt, CC AF Danaher, PJ Cao, MK Anstead, GM Dolan, MJ DeWitt, CC TI Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy related to amphotericin B therapy SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE posaconazole; coccidioidomycosis; Coccidioides immitis ID COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; PERICARDITIS; MICE AB We describe a patient who developed dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical congestive heart failure after 2 months of therapy with amphotericin B (AmB) for disseminated coccidioidomycosis. His echocardiographic abnormalities and heart failure resolved after posaconazole was substituted for AmB. It is important to recognize the rare and potentially reversible toxicity of AmB. C1 David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, S Texas Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Danaher, PJ (reprint author), Infect Dis Serv, 60MDG-60MDOS-SGOMB,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 53 IS 1 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1093/jac/dkg472 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 756JW UT WOS:000187462800020 PM 14657095 ER PT J AU Lobad, A Schlie, LA AF Lobad, A Schlie, LA TI Carrier thermalization, cooling and diffusion in InSb through a nonlinear pump-probe technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE; GAAS AB We investigated the ultrafast carrier dynamics in InSb using a nonlinear pump-probe technique. The measurement involves two pump pulses chopped at different frequencies and the detection of the probe modulation at their sum frequency. We show that the nonlinear signature and dynamics of the transmission-bleaching signal enables the differentiation of carrier thermalization from cooling dynamics. We follow the evolution of the injected carrier distribution from a nonthermal to a thermal one and calculate its absolute temperature and energy decay rates as a function of time from a single transmission pump-probe measurement. The carrier scattering rate in the thermalization stage increases by (3 ps)-1 with doubling the injected carrier density. For an initial injected excess energy of 650 K, carrier thermalization is complete after 1.7 ps with a thermal distribution of 370 K. We also demonstrate the ability to follow carrier diffusion through the decay of the carrier grating decay in a transmission measurement. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DEL, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lobad, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DEL, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1063/1.1633350 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900016 ER PT J AU Beaumont, M Batejat, D Pierard, C Van Beers, P Denis, JB Coste, O Doireau, P Chauffard, F French, J Lagarde, D AF Beaumont, M Batejat, D Pierard, C Van Beers, P Denis, JB Coste, O Doireau, P Chauffard, F French, J Lagarde, D TI Caffeine or melatonin effects on sleep and sleepiness after rapid eastward transmeridian travel SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sleep architecture; alertness; time zones; resynchronization; drugs ID SLOW-RELEASE CAFFEINE; JET-LAG; RHYTHMS; PERFORMANCE; FLIGHT; HUMANS; SHIFT; DESYNCHRONOSIS; ALLEVIATION; WAKEFULNESS AB We measured the effects of slow-release caffeine ( SRC) and melatonin (Mlt) on sleep and daytime sleepiness after a seven-time zone eastbound flight. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, each of three groups of nine subjects was given either 300 mg SRC on recovery day 1 (D1) to D5 (0800) or 5 mg Mlt on preflight D - 1 (1700), flight day D0 (1600), and from D1 to D3 (2300), or placebo (Pbo) at the same times. Nighttime sleep was evaluated by polysomnography and daytime sleepiness from measurements of sleep latencies and continuous wrist actigraphy. Compared with baseline, we found a significant rebound of slow-wave sleep on night 1 (N1) to N2 under Pbo and Mlt and a significant decrease in rapid eye movement sleep on N1 (Pbo) and N1 - N3 (Mlt). Sleepiness was objectively increased under Pbo ( D1 - D6) and Mlt (D1 - D3). SRC reduced sleepiness but also tended to affect sleep quality until the last drug day. In conclusion, both drugs have positive effects on some jet lag symptoms after an eastbound flight: SRC on daytime sleepiness, and Mlt on sleep. C1 IMASSA, Dept Physiol, F-91223 Bretigny Sur Orge, France. Ctr Principal Expertise Med Personnel Navigant, F-92141 Clamart, France. AST REC, Direct Cent Serv Sant Armees, F-00459 Armees, France. Nestec Ltd, Nestle Res Ctr, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Beaumont, M (reprint author), IMASSA, Dept Physiol, BP 73, F-91223 Bretigny Sur Orge, France. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00940.2002 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 750HC UT WOS:000186984400008 PM 12959951 ER PT J AU McCleskey, PE Littleton, KH AF McCleskey, PE Littleton, KH TI Minocycline-induced blue-green discoloration of bone SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTATION; HYPERPIGMENTATION; HYDROCHLORIDE; TETRACYCLINE C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Aerosp Med, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. Mercy Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP McCleskey, PE (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Aerosp Med, 60AMDS-SGPF,101 Bodin Circle,Travis AFB, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. EM khlittleton@mercymed.com NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86A IS 1 BP 146 EP 148 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 762VB UT WOS:000188001900022 PM 14711958 ER PT J AU Mah, TI Lee, HD Parthasarathy, TA Cinibulk, MK AF Mah, TI Lee, HD Parthasarathy, TA Cinibulk, MK TI Processing, microstructure, and properties of a YAG-based ceramic cutting tool material for titanium alloy machining SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE YAG based new ceramic composite; cutting tool; titanium alloy ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; WHISKER-REINFORCED CERAMICS; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; MATRIX COMPOSITE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CREEP; TOUGHNESS; STABILITY; STRENGTH AB A new ceramic composite cutting tool material (YST)(+), based on a YAG (Y3Al5O12) matrix, was developed for the improved machining of titanium alloys. Reaction couple studies of the cutting tool material, as well as YAG single crystals, with commercial grade titanium showed the formation of a thin passivating layer Of Y2O3 next to the composite which is exceptionally resistant to attack by titanium. The YST cutting tools developed in this study are electrically conductive and were easily machined using electro-discharge machining. Microstructural analysis of fully dense YST, using optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopies, revealed the presence of three distinct constituent phases (YAG, SiCw, and TiC) with no discernible reaction amongst the phases. The average four-point flexural strength of the YST was approximately 700 MPa and the fracture origins were identified as large TiC particles or TiC particle-agglomerates. Analysis of fracture toughness measurements, based on the indentation induced controlled surface flaw/strength technique, showed a pronounced rising R-curve behavior of YST. The SEM analyses showed clear evidence of SiC whisker pullouts and bridging, which support the rising R-curve behavior of YST. Preliminary machining experiments using the YST cutting tool (not yet optimized) on Ti-6Al-4V alloy showed similar machining characteristics as conventional cutting tool materials (e.g., cemented carbides). It is suggested that process optimization will yield significantly improved cutting tools for titanium machining. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Mah, TI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL-MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Taiil.Mah@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 360 EP 368 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 886HF UT WOS:000226216800013 ER PT J AU Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Lee, HD AF Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Lee, HD TI Polycrystalline YAG; structural or functional? SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE YAG; high temperature structural material; laser hosting material ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; SINGLE-CRYSTAL YAG; SOLID-STATE LASERS; Y3AL5O12 CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CREEP; ND; PRECIPITATION AB The current status and advances of polycrystalline YAG in both structural (high temperature) and functional applications are reviewed. A historical background of YAG and its progressive development to its current stage in functional and structural applications is reviewed. This review emphasizes the important aspects of polycrystalline YAG processing-microstructure-property relationships. For high temperature structural applications, the published mechanical properties (both single and polycrystalline) of YAG are described. Selected structural applications of polycrystalline YAG (e.g., monolith, fiber and CMC matrix) are discussed along with various aspects of processing. For functional applications, the current status of polycrystalline YAG, both doped and undoped, is reviewed from the processing point-of-view. Certain functional applications, including IR/laser window materials, laser hosting materials, and high intensity discharge lamp materials, are reviewed. Recent research activities carried out in our lab for processing transparent polycrystalline YAG are also described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Mah, TI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL-MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Taiil.Mah@wpatb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 86 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 369 EP 379 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 886HF UT WOS:000226216800014 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Mah, T Matson, LE AF Parthasarathy, TA Mah, T Matson, LE TI Processing, structure and properties of alumina-YAG eutectic composites SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alumina; YAG; eutectic; review; processing; structure; properties ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; SINGLE-CRYSTAL YAG; DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED AL2O3/ER3AL5O12; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; THERMAL-STABILITY; UNDERCOOLED MELT; ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIPS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; CERAMIC EUTECTICS AB Research over the past 15 years on alumina-YAG eutectic composites as a high temperature structural material is reviewed. It is suggested that this is among the most attractive oxidation-resistant systems for ultra high temperature (1500 degreesC) structural use. Processing methods studied to date result in alumina-YAG composites of varying length scales of constituent phases ranging from micrometers down to nanometers. Variations in constituent geometry from bulk eutectics to fibers and powders have been explored. The microstructures have ranged from single crystal eutectics with both coarse and fine eutectic structures to polycrystalline eutectics. The properties of interest are strength at temperature, creep resistance, fracture toughness and environmental stability. High temperature strength has been found promising and the creep resistance is among the best in oxide ceramics and is sufficient for applications up to 1500 degreesC. The mechanisms of creep have been studied extensively. The fracture resistance continues to be less than desired for most structural applications. The effect of dopants on the fracture behavior has shown some promise, but there has not been a systematic study and is suggested for future work. This system has excellent environmental stability in a combustion environment compared to other high temperature structural solids. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL-MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 82 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 BP 380 EP 390 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 886HF UT WOS:000226216800015 ER PT J AU Bryant, PA Morgan, ME AF Bryant, PA Morgan, ME TI LabWorks and the Kundt's tube: A new way to determine the heat capacities of gases SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Morgan, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 754GU UT WOS:000187308400043 ER PT J AU Knighton, WB Miller, TM Grimsrud, EP Viggiano, AA AF Knighton, WB Miller, TM Grimsrud, EP Viggiano, AA TI Electron attachment to PSCl3 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; GAUSSIAN-2; MOLECULES; PRESSURE; ENERGIES; AFFINITIES; POCL3; ION AB Electron attachment to PSCl3 was studied in 133-Pa pressure of helium gas at temperatures from 298-550 K. Measurements of rate constants and branching fractions were made in a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe (FALP) apparatus. These experiments yielded an electron attachment rate constant of 5.1x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) that was found not to change significantly in the 298-550 K temperature range. This rate constant represents an attachment efficiency of about 14%. Attachment in 133 Pa of He gas yielded only the dissociative ion products PSCl2- and Cl-. The FALP data suggest that there is an activation energy of about 17 meV for production of PSCl2-. Attachment to PSCl3 was also studied at high pressure (9-93 kPa) of N-2 in an ion mobility mass spectrometer, at 298 K. In contrast to the low-pressure data, the parent anion product channel (PSCl3-) was observed (along with the dissociative channels), and increased in importance with N-2 pressure. Gaussian-3 (G3) calculations were carried out for PSCl3 and PSCl2 neutrals and anions to aid in interpretation of the experimental results. The calculations indicate that the electron affinity EA(PSCl2) is slightly smaller than EA(Cl), which may account for the observed branching fractions for PSCl2- and Cl- in the low-pressure experiments. A natural population analysis was performed to obtain the charges associated with each atom in the molecules in order to estimate how the attached electron is distributed. Comparison is made between the present study of electron attachment to PSCl3 and our earlier work on attachment to POCl3, and G3 calculations are reported here for neutral and anionic POCl2 and POCl3. In contrast to PSCl2, the calculations imply that EA(POCl2) is slightly greater than EA(Cl). For both PSCl3 and POCl3, the calculations show that the dissociative electron attachment process is close to thermoneutral. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Knighton, WB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 1 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1063/1.1630300 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 757TK UT WOS:000187577400028 PM 15267279 ER PT J AU Welsh, JS Mayes, JS Key, CT McLaughlin, RN AF Welsh, JS Mayes, JS Key, CT McLaughlin, RN TI Comparison of MCT failure prediction techniques and experimental verification for biaxially loaded glass fabric-reinforced composite laminates SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE failure criterion; briaxial testing; finite element analysis (FEA); microstructure ID MULTICONTINUUM THEORY; CRUCIFORM SPECIMENS; EXERCISE; CAPABILITIES; STRENGTH AB The inability to accurately predict the onset of failure in modern fabric-reinforced composite materials has hindered the implementation of these materials into the mainstream applications. Excessive qualification and structural testing must be performed on composite members as a result of uncertainty in the performance of the material, resulting in significantly higher expenses associated with these materials. This situation call only be improved through the rigorous development of both improved failure and material response prediction capabilities and improved experimental verification. The current study addresses these issues, as well as explores recent developments in numerical predictions and experimental techniques. A combined numerical investigation of damage initiation mechanics and experimental verification of predicted results for a woven glass-vinyl ester composite material is performed. More specifically, 18-oz biased (5warp/4 fill rovings) plain weave E-glass-vinyl ester laminate with warp rovings oriented in [0/90](s) and [0/90/ +/-45](s) configurations are investigated. Experimental data for the E-glass-vinyl ester [0/90](s) laminate is summarized in a two-dimensional biaxial failure envelope. The feasibility of using thickness-tapered cruciform specimens for generating the experimental biaxial test data is also addressed. Finally, numerical predictions of failure of the fabric-reinforced laminate are developed and compared against the experimental failure envelope for the cross-ply laminate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Alfred Univ, Mech Engn Div, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. Anteon Corp, Mystic, CT USA. RP Welsh, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 472, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Jeffry.Welsh@kirtland.af.mil NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 2165 EP 2181 DI 10.1177/0021998304045589 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 881LC UT WOS:000225868000001 ER PT J AU Orozco, AL Maji, AK AF Orozco, AL Maji, AK TI Energy release in fiber-reinforced plastic reinforced concrete beams SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE energy dissipation; beams; concrete; reinforced; ductility; fiber-reinforced plastics; structural reinforcement AB A set of 30 concrete beams reinforced with carbon/epoxy FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) and four reinforced with comparable size steel rebars were subjected to static bending tests. Adequate bond between the FRP and the concrete was obtained, due to the use of carbon fiber overwrap on the smooth pultruded FRP rods. With adequate bond, the large strain to failure (>2%) of the FRP determines the ductility and failure mode of the FRP reinforced beams. An analytical evaluation of the fracture energy in these experiments shows that there is ductility due to the large fraction of the total strain energy that is absorbed in the concrete, because of the formation of distributed cracking. Variations in overwrap configuration, addition of steel stirrups, addition of polypropylene fibers, and comparison with four beams reinforced with equivalent steel reinforcement were also analyzed. C1 Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Fac Ingn, Chihuahua 31160, Mexico. Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Orozco, AL (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Fac Ingn, Apartado Postal 1528 Suc C Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31160, Mexico. EM aorozco85@hotmail.com; amaji@unm.edu NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0268 J9 J COMPOS CONSTR JI J. Compos. Constr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:1(52) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 768GP UT WOS:000188535500007 ER PT J AU Ford, DN Anderson, SD Damron, AJ Casas, RD Gokmen, N Kuennen, ST AF Ford, DN Anderson, SD Damron, AJ Casas, RD Gokmen, N Kuennen, ST TI Managing constructibility reviews to reduce highway project durations SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE constructibility; project management; scheduling; design/build; simulation; highway construction ID MANAGEMENT AB Highway project durations that are longer than necessary delay the delivery of benefits to road users. Budget constraints often preclude the use of additional funds to shorten total project duration. Therefore, state highway agencies seek ways to decrease construction project durations without increasing costs. Research has recommended formal constructibility reviews as an effective approach to meeting this goal. Formalized constructibility reviews have been effective in isolated cases but only about one-quarter of state highway agencies currently have a formal constructibility review program. An inadequate understanding of implementation issues, including the effective use of resources, is a potential cause. The effects of constructibility reviews on the design phase, construction phase, and project durations are modeled and analyzed. Results illustrate and explain how intermediate-sized constructibility reviews reduce project durations more than very large or small reviews and the potential impacts of a design-build approach on constructibility review effectiveness. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Martin Rivett & Olson Inc, Roseville, CA 95661 USA. Black & Veatch Consulting Engineers, Overland Pk, KS 66211 USA. Atser LP, Houston, TX 77064 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, DFCE, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ford, DN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM DavidFord@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:1(33) PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 770NE UT WOS:000188736200004 ER PT J AU Oh, JC Rothwell, EJ Perry, BT Havrilla, MJ AF Oh, JC Rothwell, EJ Perry, BT Havrilla, MJ TI Natural resonance representation of the transient field reflected by a conductor-backed layer of Debye material SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PLANE WAVE REFLECTION AB The impulse response of a conductor-backed slab of Debye material is evaluated analytically. It is shown that the impulse response consists of a specular reflection from the interface between free-space and the Debye slab during the early-time period, and a natural mode series, which is a pure sum of damped sinusoids whose frequencies are determined by the poles of the complex s-plane reflection coefficient, during the late-time period. Time-domain responses using a truncated Gaussian pulse as an input with an arbitrary incidence angle and with parallel or perpendicular polarization are compared to responses found via the inverse fast Fourier transform. The results may be applied to material characterization using the E-pulse method, and also give physical insight into the nature of transient scattering by a layered medium. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oh, JC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 571 EP 589 DI 10.1163/156939304774114637 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 807SA UT WOS:000220520000001 ER PT J AU Leu, JS Chen, SL Jang, JY AF Leu, JS Chen, SL Jang, JY TI Heat transfer and fluid flow in rectangular fin and elliptic tube heat exchangers under dry and dehumidifyng conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE rectangular fin; elliptic tube; dry and dehumidifying condition; fin efficiency ID MASS-TRANSFER; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY AB Experimental and numerical analyses were carried out to study the thermal-hydraulic and mass transfer characteristics of four-row rectangular fin and elliptic tube heat exchangers having a major/minor axis ratio of 2.83. Four types of rectangular finned configurations have been investigated for various inlet frontal velocities ranging from 1 to 6 m/s under dry and dehumidifying conditions: two staggered tube arrangements with fin heights of 7 mm and 10 mm, respectively; and two in-lined tube arrangements with fin heights of 7 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The results indicated that the sensible Colburn factor j(s) and the friction factor f for the wet coils are, respectively, 56-71% and 2-16% higher than those for dry coils. In addition, a two-dimensional fin efficiency analysis for rectangular fins with elliptic tubes was presented for a wide range of air relative humidities and Biot numbers. It is shown that the fully wet fin efficiency is lower than that of the dry fin by 20% and 31% with respect to fin heights of 7 and 10 mm. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aircraft Engn, Kaohsiung 82042, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Jang, JY (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aircraft Engn, Kaohsiung 82042, Taiwan. EM jangjim@mail.ncku.edu.tw NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1065-5131 EI 1563-5074 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 60 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 814WD UT WOS:000221003900005 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DG Doman, DB Key, DL Klyde, DH Leggett, DB Moorhouse, DJ Mason, DH Raney, DL Schmidt, DK AF Mitchell, DG Doman, DB Key, DL Klyde, DH Leggett, DB Moorhouse, DJ Mason, DH Raney, DL Schmidt, DK TI Evolution, revolution, and challenges of handling qualities SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Hoh Aeronaut Inc, Lomita, CA 90717 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Key Qual, Oceanside, CA 92056 USA. Syst Technol Inc, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. Boeing Co, Philadelphia, PA 19078 USA. NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Mitchell, DG (reprint author), Hoh Aeronaut Inc, Lomita, CA 90717 USA. NR 88 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 12 EP 28 DI 10.2514/1.3252 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 765BE UT WOS:000188246600001 ER PT J AU Stevens, TK Kerecman, J McCurnin, D Yoder, BA Shaul, PW Grubb, PH AF Stevens, TK Kerecman, J McCurnin, D Yoder, BA Shaul, PW Grubb, PH TI Higher levels of exhaled nitric oxide early in the course of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. are predictive of later improvements in pulmonary function in the premature baboon model. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2004 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Federat Med Res C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. UT SW, Dallas, TX USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP S278 EP S278 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 765ER UT WOS:000188254600696 ER PT J AU Chen, ZM Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Smith, BR Ma, BM Huang, MQ AF Chen, ZM Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Smith, BR Ma, BM Huang, MQ TI A study on the role of Nb in melt-spun nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnets SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline magnet; thermal stability; microstructure; Nb ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; THERMAL-STABILITY; ND2FE14B AB The effect of Nb substitution on the thermal stability of melt-spun powders with near stoichiometric 2:14:1 composition of Nd12Fe82-xNbxB6 (x = 0, 1.5 and 3) has been investigated. It has been found that the thermal stability is significantly improved with 1.5 at% Nb substitution. As compared with the ternary Nd12Fe82B6, the Nb-substituted Nd12Fe80.5Nb1.5B6 powder exhibits remarkably increased coercivity (H-ci) over a wide temperature range of 22-180degreesC. The temperature coefficient of coercivity (beta) is reduced from -0.36%/degreesC at x = 0 to -0.32%/degreesC at x = 1.5. As a result of improved coercivity and its temperature dependence, the irreversible flux aging loss (delta(irr)), measured on the epoxy bonded magnets after being exposed at 180degreesC for 100 h, is also significantly decreased from -13.7% at x = 0 to -5.0% with x = 1.5. Microstructure studies using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have shown a significant microstructure refinement with Nb substitution. Nb substitution also increases the amount of alpha-Fe phase in the alloys. For x = 0, the average grain size of the magnetically soft phase (alpha-Fe) is 15 nm, while the hard phase (Nd2Fe14B) has an average grain size of 30 nm. The soft and hard magnetically phases are reduced to <10 and 10-20 run, respectively for x = 1.5 and 3. Enriched Nb along the grain boundaries is believed to be the main reason for the observed improved thermal stability in Nb-substituted powders. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Magnequench Technol Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), Magnequench Technol Ctr, 9000 Dev Dr,POB 14827, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 268 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00481-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745WV UT WOS:000186714900015 ER PT J AU Lin, TC He, GS Prasad, PN Tan, LS AF Lin, TC He, GS Prasad, PN Tan, LS TI Degenerate nonlinear absorption and optical power limiting properties of asymmetrically substituted stilbenoid chromophores SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORBING FLUORENE DERIVATIVES; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; FEMTOSECOND CONTINUUM; CROSS-SECTION; DATA STORAGE; MOLECULES; ELECTRON; DESIGN; DYES AB Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra (650-1000 nm) of a series of model chromophores were measured via a newly developed nonlinear absorption spectral technique based on a single and powerful femtosecond white-light continuum beam. The experimental results suggested that when either an electron-donor or an electron-acceptor was attached to a trans-stilbene at a para-position, an enhancement in molecular two-photon absorptivity was observed in both cases, particularly in the 650-800 nm region. However, the push-pull chromophores with both the donor and acceptor groups showed larger overall two-photon absorption cross-sections within the studied spectral region as compared to their mono-substituted analogues. The combined results of the solvent effect and the H-1-NMR studies indicated that stronger acceptors produce a more efficient intramolecular charge transfer character upon excitation, leading to increased molecular two-photon responses in this model-compound set. A fairly good 2PA based optical power limiting behavior from one of the model chromophores is also demonstrated. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP,Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, PN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM pnprasad@acsu.buffalo.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 46 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 982 EP 991 DI 10.1039/b313185h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 801LA UT WOS:000220096200009 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS TI Covalent modification of vapour-grown carbon nanofibers via direct Friedel-Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; CHEMISTRY; FIBERS AB Electrophilic functionalization of vapour-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) was accomplished via Friedel Crafts acylation with 2,4,6-trimethylphenoxybenzoic acid in polyphosphoric acid using the improved conditions that we previously described. The progress of the reaction was conveniently monitored with FT-IR spectroscopy following the growth of the keto-carbonyl band at 1664 cm(-1) associated with the product. In addition to scanning electron microscopic and UV-vis spectroscopic data, the combined results from the elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis further suggested that there were 3 arylcarbonyl groups covalently attached to the nanotube structure for every 100 carbon sites. Because of the presence of significant hydrogen content in the starting VGCNF, the covalent attachment of the arylcarbonyl groups most probably occurred at the sp(2)C-H sites. C1 USAF, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,MLBP,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,MLBP,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 31 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 13 BP 2052 EP 2056 DI 10.1039/b401401d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 833BX UT WOS:000222312500021 ER PT J AU Yang, HK Kim, MS Kang, SW Kim, KS Lee, KS Park, SH Yang, DY Kong, HJ Sun, HB Kawata, S Fleitz, P AF Yang, HK Kim, MS Kang, SW Kim, KS Lee, KS Park, SH Yang, DY Kong, HJ Sun, HB Kawata, S Fleitz, P TI Recent progress of lithographic micro fabrication by the TPA-induced photopolymerization SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE two-photon absorption; two-photon initiated photopolymerization; 3D microfabrication ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROFABRICATION; DITHIENOTHIOPHENE; MICROSTRUCTURES; EFFICIENT; MOLECULES; STORAGE; DESIGN; DYES AB Several different structures of micro-objects were fabricated by two-photon initiated photopolymerization using newly synthesized chromophore whose structures have been engineered for high two-photon activity. A raster graphics type voxel matrix scanning (VMS) scheme allowed fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) micro-object from a bitmap for-mat figure. Using this technique along with the vacuum pressure discrepancy technique, nano-precision polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replica has been fabricated from it original PDMS mold that was originally prepared by two-photon initiated photopolymerization of soft-resin. For better result in photonic crystal fabrication, a quantized-pixel laser writing scheme was employed. A complicated sub-micron 3D photonic lattice was fabricated with high reproducibility. In order to enhance physical/mechanical stability of resulting microobject, we have tested a new material system which consists of sol-gel precursor and photocrosslinking of soft-resin. The physical/mechanical stability of micro-object was enhanced greatly by introducing the formation of silica glass interpenetrating network with organic polymer resin. C1 Hannam Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Taejon 306701, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Yang, HK (reprint author), Hannam Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Taejon 306701, South Korea. RI Yang, Dong-Yol/C-1609-2011; Kong, Hong Jin/C-1880-2011; Sun, Hong-Bo/D-3689-2012; Kawata, Satoshi/N-7228-2013 OI Sun, Hong-Bo/0000-0003-2127-8610; NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.2494/photopolymer.17.385 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 833WT UT WOS:000222372600006 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH Pratt, DT AF Heiser, WH Pratt, DT TI Comment on "Analytical model for the impulse of single-cycle pulse detonation tube" by E. Wintenberger, et al. SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 189 EP 189 DI 10.2514/1.13206 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 766MJ UT WOS:000188379900019 ER PT J AU McKenna, DS Duke, JM AF McKenna, DS Duke, JM TI Effectiveness and infectious morbidity of outpatient cervical ripening with a Foley catheter SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cervix; Foley balloon catheterization; labor; cervical ripening ID EXTRAAMNIOTIC SALINE INFUSION; INDUCTION; LABOR; GEL; MISOPROSTOL AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and infectious morbidity of outpatient cervical ripening with a Foley catheter. STUDY DESIGN: Labor inductions utilizing a Foley catheter for cervical ripening from January 1994 to October 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. The inductions were divided into inpatient and outpatient groups. Vaginal delivery rates and infectious morbidity were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There were 315 inpatient and 300 outpatient cases. The observed differences in vaginal delivery rates and infectious morbidity were not clinically or statistically significant. However, there was insufficient power to exclude a type II error. The cost savings was $165,000, and there is the potential to save $750 per patient with this method. CONCLUSION: Outpatient cervical ripening with a Foley catheter is clinically effective, does not result in excess infectious morbidity and is more cost effective as compared to inpatient cervical ripening. C1 USAF, Ctr Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP McKenna, DS (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Med, 74th Med Grp,SGOG,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.mckenna@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 765YF UT WOS:000188318100006 PM 14976792 ER PT J AU Sathish, S Martin, RW Moran, TJ AF Sathish, S Martin, RW Moran, TJ TI Local surface skimming longitudinal wave velocity and residual stress mapping SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BEAM ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; SIGNATURES; CRYSTALS; STEEL; MODEL AB Local variation in surface skimming longitudinal wave (SSLW) velocity has been measured using a scanning acoustic microscope. A very narrow width electrical impulse has been used to excite the transducer of the acoustic lens. This permits the separation of the SSLW signal from the direct reflected signal in the time domain. A simple method of measuring the time delay between the directly reflected signal and the SSLW signal at two defocuses has been utilized for the local measurement of SSLW velocity. The variation in the SSLW velocity measured over an area of the sample is scaled and presented as an image. The method has been implemented to image the variation of the SSLW velocity around a crack tip in a sample of Ti-6Al-4V Since the SSLW velocity is known to change linearly with the stress, the SSLW velocity image is considered as a representation of the image of stress around the crack tip. Local stress variation in the same region of the crack tip is directly measured using x-ray diffraction. The SSLW velocity image is compared with the x-ray diffraction stress image. The contrast in the two images, spatial resolution, and the penetration depth-into the sample of acoustic waves and x rays are discussed. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sathish, S (reprint author), AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLP, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shamachary.Sathish@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1121/1.1631938 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 765CJ UT WOS:000188249300017 PM 14759007 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI Within-ear and across-ear interference in a dichotic cocktail party listening task: Effects of masker uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; PERCEPTION AB Increases in masker variability have been shown to increase the effects of informational masking in non-speech listening tasks, but relatively little is known about the influence that masker uncertainty has on the informational components of speech-on-speech masking. In this experiment, listeners were asked to extract information from a target phrase that was presented in their right ear while ignoring masking phrases that were presented in the same ear as the target phrase and in the ear opposite the target phrase. The level of masker uncertainty was varied by holding constant or "freezing" the talkers speaking the masking phrases, the semantic content used in the masking phrases, or both the talkers and the semantic content in the masking phrases within each block of 120 trials. The results showed that freezing the semantic content of the masking phrase in the target ear was the only reduction in masker uncertainty that ever resulted in a significant improvement in performance. Providing feedback after each trial improved performance overall, but did not prevent the listeners from making incorrect responses that matched the content of the frozen target-ear masking phrase. However, removing the target-ear contents corresponding to the masking phrase from the response set resulted in a dramatic improvement in performance. This suggests that the listeners were generally able to understand both of the phrases presented to the target ear, and that their incorrect responses in the task were almost entirely a result of their inability to determine which words were spoken by the target talker. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 1 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1121/1.1628683 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 765CJ UT WOS:000188249300033 PM 14759023 ER PT J AU Kohn, WG Harte, JA Malvitz, DM Cleveland, JL Eklund, KJ AF Kohn, WG Harte, JA Malvitz, DM Cleveland, JL Eklund, KJ TI Guidelines for infection control in dental health care settings-2003 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AB Background. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, is the lead federal agency for disease prevention in the United States. It has been 10 years since CDC infection control guidelines for dental health care settings were last published. During those 10 years, new technologies and issues have emerged, and other CDC infection control guidelines for health care settings have been updated. Results. In light of these developments, CDC collaborated with experts in infection control to revise its infection control recommendations for dental health care settings. Existing guidelines and published research pertinent to dental infection control principles and practices were reviewed. This article provides background information, describes the process used to create these guidelines, and lists the new recommendations. Clinical Implications. CDC believes that dental offices that follow these new recommendations will strengthen an already admirable record of safe dental practice. Patients and providers alike can be assured that oral health care can be delivered and received in a safe manner. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. Forsyth Inst, Boston, MA USA. RP Kohn, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wak8@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 135 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 767WH UT WOS:000188496500014 PM 14959873 ER PT J AU Blazejczyk, A Wieczorek, W Kovarsky, R Golodnitsky, D Peled, E Scanlon, LG Appetecchi, GB Scrosati, B AF Blazejczyk, A Wieczorek, W Kovarsky, R Golodnitsky, D Peled, E Scanlon, LG Appetecchi, GB Scrosati, B TI Novel solid polymer electrolytes with single lithium-ion transport SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANION RECEPTORS; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; PAIR DISSOCIATION; CONDUCTIVITY; BATTERIES; FAMILY; SALTS AB State-of-the-art poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes have a t(Li+) much lower than 1; it is typically around 0.2-0.3. Thus, the development of single-cation-conductive, solvent-free polymer electrolytes is considered of prime importance for the progress of the technology of lithium batteries. Attempts mainly directed at immobilization of the anion in the polymer architecture have been reported in the past, but with only modest success because this approach generally depresses the conductivity to unacceptably low values. In this work, we report an alternative, new approach based on the addition to the PEO-LiX blend of an anion-trapping supermolecular component. In this way, polymer electrolytes with unity values of t(Li+) but still maintaining a true solid configuration combined with appreciable conductivity have been obtained. To our knowledge, this strategy has never been used, and we believe that this breakthrough result is associated with the immobilization of the anion (X-) by the additive and, possibly, by an ordering of the PEO-LiX system. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Blazejczyk, A (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. EM scrosati@uniromal.it NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 10 BP A1762 EP A1766 DI 10.1149/1.1793714 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 865BW UT WOS:000224678500036 ER PT J AU Scanlon, LG Lucente, LR Feld, WA Sandi, G Balbuena, PB Alonso, PR Turnerb, A AF Scanlon, LG Lucente, LR Feld, WA Sandi, G Balbuena, PB Alonso, PR Turnerb, A TI Composite cathode with Li2Pc SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION AB Computational chemistry calculations performed with Gaussian 98 were used to develop an experimental method that facilitates ionic connection between the solid-state electrolyte dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) and manganese dioxide (MnO2). The planar configuration of the phthalocyanine ring and the fact that the lithium ions are very close to the ring may sterically hinder effective ionic coupling between Li2Pc and any potential cathode. This same argument has been used for understanding the insertion and removal of magnesium from water solutions of deuteroporphyrins. Calculated results show that lithium ions are drawn closer to the phthalocyanine ring upon formation of (Li2Pc)(2) via molecular self-assembly when compared to the single-molecule Li2Pc. However, extension of lithium ions above the planar phthalocyanine ring in (Li2Pc)(2) can be enhanced through formation of a complex at the axial position above lithium. Calculations show that corannulene at the axial position above lithium forms an asymmetric structure with (Li2Pc)(2) and extends lithium further above the ring. To test the theoretical results, an electrically conducting carbon with a curved lattice was used in the fabrication of an all solid-state electrochemical cell with a lithium metal foil anode, Li2Pc electrolyte, and a MnO2 cathode. Slow-scan-rate cyclic voltammograms of a LixMnO2 cathode demonstrate the charging and discharging of cells. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Scanlon, LG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lawrence.scanlon@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 9 BP A1338 EP A1343 DI 10.1149/1.1772780 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 850OJ UT WOS:000223622000006 ER PT J AU Tringe, JW Solomon, JS Devine, RAB AF Tringe, JW Solomon, JS Devine, RAB TI Temperature-dependent current transport in low-k inorganic dielectrics SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; IMPROVEMENT AB Low-k dielectric films based on an inorganic polymer, FOx(R) flowable oxide from Dow-Corning Corporation, have been examined. The electric field dependence of the leakage current appears consistent with Poole-Frenkel bulk-limited conductivity. The beta parameter value appropriate to the Poole-Frenkel theory is at least 120% larger than the experimentally determined value. Comparison between measurements obtained using Al and Hg electrodes confirms that Poole-Frenkel conduction is in fact dominant. On this basis a typical field-independent trap depth in the range 0.09-0.14 eV is deduced, and the low field conductivity is found to be 1.2 x 10(-16)- 5.7 x 10(-14) S cm(-1). The role of moisture adsorption is discussed. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. CHTM, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM devine@chtm.unm.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP F128 EP F131 DI 10.1149/1.1676746 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 821CI UT WOS:000221436900045 ER PT J AU Moser, N Fitch, RC Crespo, A Gillespie, JK Jessen, GH Via, GD Luo, B Ren, F Gila, BP Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ AF Moser, N Fitch, RC Crespo, A Gillespie, JK Jessen, GH Via, GD Luo, B Ren, F Gila, BP Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ TI Dramatic improvements in AlGaN/GaN HEMT device isolation characteristics after UV-ozone pretreatment SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; SURFACE PASSIVATION; POWER; SC2O3; MGO; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISM; SIGNAL AB The effect of UV-ozone pretreatment of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) surfaces prior to SiNx passivation is reported. Without pretreatment, breakdown voltages dropped from 60 V (the test maximum) to similar to 5 V, and interdevice isolation current increased from 10(-9) to 10(-6) A following plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiNx passivation. With pretreatment, breakdown voltages dropped from 60 to similar to58 V, and interdevice isolation current increased from 10(-9) to similar to10(-8) A following SiNx passivation. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed the formation of a 15-25 Angstrom thick GaO layer as a result of the UV-Ozone treatment. HEMT device results showed that UV-ozone pretreatment does not degrade the ability of the SiNx to provide effective surface passivation and reduce current collapse. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Moser, N (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 12 BP G915 EP G918 DI 10.1149/1.1803561 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 870OY UT WOS:000225068500083 ER PT J AU Sihn, SW Roy, AK AF Sihn, SW Roy, AK TI Modeling and prediction of bulk properties of open-cell carbon foam SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE open cell; carbon foam; effective bulk property; microstructure; finite element analysis ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR AB The emerging ultralightweight material, carbon foam, was modeled with three-dimensional microstructures to develop a basic understanding in correlating microstructural configuration with bulk performance of open-cell foam materials. Because of the randomness and complexity of the microstructure of the carbon foam, representative cell ligaments were first characterized in detail at the microstructural level. The salient microstructural characteristics (or properties) were then correlated with the bulk properties through the present model. In order to implement the varying anisotropic nature of material properties in the foam ligaments, we made an attempt to use a finite element method to implement such variation along the ligaments as well as at a nodal point where the ligaments meet. The model was expected to provide a basis for establishing a process-property relationship and optimizing foam properties. The present model yielded a fairly reasonable prediction of the effective bulk properties of the foams. We observed that the effective elastic properties of the foams were dominated by the bending mode associated with shear deformation. The effective Young's modulus of the foam was strongly influenced by the ligament moduli, but was not influenced by the ligament Poisson's ratio. The effective Poisson's ratio of the foam was practically independent of the ligament Young's modulus, but dependent on the ligament Poisson's ratio. The effective Young's modulus of the carbon foam was dependent more on the transverse Young's modulus and the shear moduli of the foam ligaments, but less significantly on the ligament longitudinal Young's modulus. A parametric study indicated that the effective Young's modulus was significantly improved by increasing the solid modulus in the middle of the foam ligaments, but nearly invariant with that at the nodal point where the ligaments meet. Therefore, appropriate processing schemes toward improving the transverse and shear properties of the foam ligaments in the middle section of the ligaments rather than at the nodal points are highly desirable for enhancing the bulk moduli of the carbon foam. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmetal Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sihn, SW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmetal Div, 300 College Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@stanfordalumni.org NR 11 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 167 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(03)00072-3 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 771JA UT WOS:000188780800007 ER PT J AU Anglos, D Stassinopoulos, A Das, RN Zacharakis, G Psyllaki, M Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Giannelis, EP Anastasiadis, SH AF Anglos, D Stassinopoulos, A Das, RN Zacharakis, G Psyllaki, M Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Giannelis, EP Anastasiadis, SH TI Random laser action in organic-inorganic nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRONGLY SCATTERING MEDIA; STIMULATED-EMISSION; PHOTON STATISTICS; POLYMER SURFACES; DISORDERED MEDIA; GAIN MEDIA; LIGHT; FILMS; LOCALIZATION AB Random laser action is demonstrated in organic-inorganic, disordered hybrid materials consisting of ZnO semiconductor nanoparticles dispersed in an optically inert polymer matrix. The ZnO particles provide both the gain and the strong scattering power that leads to light trapping due to multiple elastic scattering, whereas the polymer matrix offers ease of material fabrication and processability in view of potential applications. Excitation of the nanohybrids by a laser pulse with duration shorter than the ZnO photoluminescence lifetime leads to a dramatic increase in the emitted light intensity accompanied by a significant spectral and temporal narrowing above a certain threshold of the excitation energy density. Critical laser and material parameters that influence the observed laser-like emission behavior are investigated in a series of nanocomposites. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71103, Crete, Greece. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Anglos, D (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1527, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. EM anglos@iesl.forth.gr RI Anastasiadis, Spiros/D-2778-2009; Zacharakis, Giannis/A-2544-2014; Anglos, Demetrios/A-2548-2014 OI Anastasiadis, Spiros/0000-0003-0936-1614; Zacharakis, Giannis/0000-0002-6438-0773; NR 31 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.000208 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 759EH UT WOS:000187725000028 ER PT J AU Atkins, BZ Abbate, S Fisher, SR Vaslef, SN AF Atkins, BZ Abbate, S Fisher, SR Vaslef, SN TI Current management of laryngotracheal trauma: Case report and literature review SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Review ID EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL TRAUMA; BLUNT NECK TRAUMA; INJURIES; INTUBATION; PROTOCOL; CHILDREN C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Atkins, BZ (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM broadus.atkins@lackland.af.mil NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000082650.62207.92 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 771HD UT WOS:000188778800040 PM 14749588 ER PT J AU Sanders, AJ Hassan, KK Rabe, DC AF Sanders, AJ Hassan, KK Rabe, DC TI Experimental and numerical study of stall flutter in a transonic low-aspect ratio fan blisk SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA AB Experiments are performed on a modern design transonic shroudless low-aspect ratio fan blink that experienced both subsonic/transonic and supersonic stall-side flutter. High-response flush mounted miniature pressure transducers are utilized to measure the unsteady aerodynamic loading distribution in the tip region of the fan for both flutter regimes, with strain gages utilized to measure the vibratory response at incipient and deep flutter operating conditions. Numerical simulations are performed and compared with the benchmark data using an unsteady three-dimensional nonlinear viscous computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis, with the effects of tip clearance, vibration amplitude, and the number of tune steps-per-cycle investigated. The benchmark data are used to guide the validation of the code and establish best practices that ensure accurate flutter predictions. C1 Syst & Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sanders, AJ (reprint author), Syst & Serv, 111 S 34th St,MS 301-134, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. EM Al.Sanders@Honeywell.com; Khaled.Hassan@Honeywell.com; Douglas.Rabe@afrl.af.mil NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1115/1.1645532 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 809ZG UT WOS:000220674000018 ER PT S AU Mills, BM Connnor, TM Foltz, MS Stolarski, J Hayes, KL Denton, ML Eikum, DM Noojin, GD Rockwell, BA AF Mills, BM Connnor, TM Foltz, MS Stolarski, J Hayes, KL Denton, ML Eikum, DM Noojin, GD Rockwell, BA BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Microcavitation and spot size dependence for damage of artificially pigmented hTERT-RPE1 cells SO LASER INTERACTION WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Interaction with Tissue and Cells XV CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE microcavitation; spot size; retinal; fluorescence microscopy; RPE cell culture ID CAVITATION; EPITHELIUM; ABSORPTION; RETINA AB We performed measurements to validate damage threshold trends in minimum visible lesion (MVL) studies as a function of spot size for nanosecond laser pulses. At threshold levels, nanosecond pulses produce microcavitation bubbles that expand and collapse around individual melanosomes. This microcavitation process damages the membranes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. A spot size study on retinal explants(1) found cell damage fluence (energy/area) thresholds were independent of spot size when microcavitation caused the damage, contradicting past in vivo retinal spot size experiments.(2 3 4) The explant study (ex vivo) used a top-hat beam profile, whereas the in vivo studies used Gaussian beams. The difference in spot size trends for damage in vivo versus ex vivo may be attributed to the optics of the eye but this has not been validated. In this study, we exposed artificially pigmented human RPE cells (hTERT-RPE1)-in vitro-to 7 ns pulsed irradiation from a Ti:Sa TSA-O-2 regenerative amplifier (1055 nm) with beam diameters of 44, 86, and 273 mum (Gaussian beam profiles). We detected the microcavitation event with strobe illumination and time-resolved imaging. We used the fluorescent indicator dye calcein-AM, with excitation by an Argon laser (488 nm), to assess cell damage. Our current results follow trends found in the in vivo studies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Mills, BM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5227-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5319 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1117/12.530331 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BAO13 UT WOS:000223056000032 ER PT S AU Kumru, SS Noojin, GD Rockwell, BA AF Kumru, SS Noojin, GD Rockwell, BA BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Effects of femtosecond terawatt laser pulses on materials similar to porcine skin SO LASER INTERACTION WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Interaction with Tissue and Cells XV CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE Terawatt; femtosecond; near infrared; ultrashort laser pulses AB As the laser technology advances and the availability of high power femtosecond pulsed laser systems increase, the urgency to have damage thresholds and ED50 data on these new laser systems becomes more and more prominent. In this study, we have used >50 mJ, 30-50 femtosecond laser pulses at similar to810 nm that produced self-focusing filaments in the atmosphere. Then, these high-powered (1-3 terawatt) filaments were placed on a grid pattern on a piece of chamois. The effects and the damage caused by the filaments were investigated. The results were compared to the damage threshold data. Ultimately, our purpose is to extend this study to porcine skin and to measure Minimum Visible Lesion (MVL) thresholds and to determine the ED50 for exposures at above mentioned laser pulses. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kumru, SS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5227-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5319 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1117/12.532854 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BAO13 UT WOS:000223056000033 ER PT S AU Kennedy, PK Zuclich, JA Lund, DJ Edsall, PR Till, S Stuck, BE Hollins, RC AF Kennedy, PK Zuclich, JA Lund, DJ Edsall, PR Till, S Stuck, BE Hollins, RC BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Laser induced retinal damage thresholds for annular retinal beam profiles SO LASER INTERACTION WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Interaction with Tissue and Cells XV CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE laser; eye; retina; image profile; spot size; annular beam; lesion; damage threshold; thermal model ID MELANIN GRANULE MODEL; IMAGE SIZE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TISSUE AB The dependence of retinal damage thresholds on laser spot size, for annular retinal beam profiles, was measured in vivo for 3 mus, 590 nm pulses from a flashlamp-pumped dye laser. Minimum Visible Lesion (MVL) ED50 thresholds in rhesus were measured for annular retinal beam profiles covering 5, 10, and 20 mrad of visual field; which correspond to outer beam diameters of roughly 70, 160, and 300 mum, respectively, on the primate retina. Annular beam profiles at the retinal plane were achieved using a telescopic imaging system with the focal properties of the eye represented as an equivalent thin lens, and all annular beam profiles had a 37% central obscuration. As a check on experimental data, theoretical MVL-ED50 thresholds for annular beam exposures were calculated using the Thompson-Gerstman granular model of laser-induced thermal damage to the retina. Threshold calculations were performed for the three experimental beam diameters and for an intermediate case with an outer beam diameter of 230 mum. Results indicate that the threshold vs. spot size trends, for annular beams, are similar to the trends for top hat beams determined in a previous study; i.e., the threshold dose varies with the retinal image area for larger image sizes. The model correctly predicts the threshold vs. spot size trends seen in the biological data, for both annular and top hat retinal beam profiles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kennedy, PK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2650 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5227-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5319 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1117/12.529400 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BAO13 UT WOS:000223056000034 ER PT S AU Roach, WP Cain, C Schuster, K Stockton, K Stolarski, DS Galloway, R Rockwell, B AF Roach, WP Cain, C Schuster, K Stockton, K Stolarski, DS Galloway, R Rockwell, B BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI Model predictions and measured skin damage thresholds for 1.54 mu m laser pulses in porcine skin SO LASER INTERACTION WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Interaction with Tissue and Cells XV CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE laser safety; laser skin model; skin injury Er : Glass; temperature rise AB A new source-term thermal model was used to determine the skin temperature rise using porcine skin parameters for various wavelengths, pulse durations, and laser spot sizes and is compared to the Takata thermal model. Expanding on this preliminary. source-term model using a Gaussian profile to describe the spatial extent of laser pulse interaction in skin, we report on the coupling of temporal consideration to the model. Computer simulation of the new source-term model and the Takata thermal model are presented to highlight the theoretical extent of thermal damage. Laser exposures of 1.54 mum, 0.60 ms in duration and using spot sizes of 0.7 mm and 1.0 mm were applied to the porcine skin. The damage thresholds were determined at 1 hour and 24 hours post-exposures using probit analysis. The ED50 for these skin exposures at 24 hours post-exposure were 20 J/cm(2) and 8.1 J/cm(2) respectively. These damage thresholds are compared with our model predictions and another thermal model with the damage integral predicting damage levels. They are also compared with previously published skin thresholds and with the ANSI Standard's MPE for 1540 nm lasers at 0.60 ms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Roach, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5227-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5319 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1117/12.529398 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BAO13 UT WOS:000223056000041 ER PT S AU Cain, SC AF Cain, SC BE Kamerman, GW TI Three-dimensional laser radar sensor modelling and validation via a Monte-Carlo Rayleigh-Sommerfeld wave optics approach SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IX CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The LADAR simulation tool described in this paper is designed to propagate optical fields from the laser transmitter to the target and back to the receiver. This simulation tool differs from other wave optics simulation codes as they propagate fields using the Fresnel approximation to approximate diffraction between planes in the optical train. The approach taken here involves the use of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld propagation integral for computing the field at one field plane due to another. The proposed modeling technique can be used to model both 2-D and 3-D data collected with different sensors. The probability of detection is estimated from the modeled data and is compared to that estimated from the measured data. Both the average probability of detection over the whole target and the error variance of the probability of detection are used to compare the modeled and measured data. These experiments show that the model can successfully estimate the performance of the 3-D sensor to within 6.5 percent of its measured value. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5335-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5412 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.1117/12.541886 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ39 UT WOS:000224312200034 ER PT S AU Paxton, AH Massey, SM McKay, JB Miller, HC AF Paxton, AH Massey, SM McKay, JB Miller, HC BE Paxton, AH TI Rotating-disk solid-state lasers, thermal properties SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VII CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE solid-state laser; laser; rotating disk; heat AB Approximate calculations of the temperature distribution of a rotating-disk solid-state laser are presented. The surfaces of the Nd:YAG or Nd:glass rotating disk pass close to two water-cooled plates. A thin gap, filled with gas, separates each plate from the disk. For an Nd:YAG disk, temperature distributions are given for a 50 pm gap filled with He, for a 50 mum gap filled with air, and for the case in which the thermal conductivity of the Nd:YAG dominates the problem. Calculated results for an Nd:glass disk are compared with a temperature profile obtained from a rotating-disk laser. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Paxton, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5241-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5333 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.538452 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ61 UT WOS:000222590500002 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ AF Bochove, EJ BE Paxton, AH TI Dynamics of evanescent field-coupled fiber lasers: Two cores solution SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VII CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE fiber lasers; coherent laser arrays; Kerr effect ID MULTICORE FIBER; ARRAY AB We extend a model of the evanescent field-coupled multi-core Yb-doped fiber laser to include fluctuations of the level populations with the goal of determining the stability properties of collective modes. The nonlinear differential equations for light intensity, the phases of the electric fields, and the occupation number of the upper laser level of each core are integrated numerically, while, for two cores the relaxation rates, oscillation frequencies, and stability criteria are determined analytically from the set of linearized equations. For example, for two identical lasers we find the in-phase super mode to be unstable in the range 0 < kappa/Deltabeta(nl) < 1, where kappa is the inter-guide coupling constant and Deltabeta(nl) the non-linear change in the mode propagation constant. The system is bi-stable for \kappa/Deltabeta(nl) > 1, and we describe how switching can be performed. Besides evanescent-field coupled lasers the analysis may be applicable to other coupling mechanisms, such as external cavities, although with some caution. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5241-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5333 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.521106 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ61 UT WOS:000222590500008 ER PT S AU Lander, M Green, LI AF Lander, M Green, LI BE Paxton, AH TI Novel method to sample very high power CO2 lasers SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VII CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE AB For the past 28 years, the Laser Hardened Materials Evaluation Laboratory (LHMEL) at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, has worked with CO2 lasers capable of producing continuous energy up to 150 kW. These lasers are used in a number of advanced materials processing applications that require accurate spatial energy measurements of the laser. Conventional non-electronic methods are not satisfactory for determining the spatial energy profile. This paper describes a new method in which a continuous, real-time electronic spatial energy profile can be obtained for very high power, (VHP) CO2 lasers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lander, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5241-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5333 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.531225 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ61 UT WOS:000222590500010 ER PT S AU McManamon, PF Thompson, W AF McManamon, PF Thompson, W BE Thompson, WE Brunson, RL TI New technologies and architectures for laser systems - Revolutionary beam control SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology II CY APR 13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE lasers; fiber lasers; arrays; optical phased Arrays; spatial light modulators; sub-aperture receivers AB This paper discusses revolutionary laser system architecture capable of dramatically reducing the complexity of laser systems while increasing capability. The architecture includes 3 major subsystems. The first is a phased array of laser sources. The second provides wavefront control and electronic beam steering. The third is sub-aperture receiver technology. Combining these three technologies into a new laser systems architecture results in a system that has graceful degradation, can steer to as wide an angle as individual optical phased array sub-apertures can steer, and can be scaled to high power and large apertures through phasing of a number of sub-apertures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McManamon, PF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5336-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5413 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.548746 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAZ43 UT WOS:000224314300001 ER PT S AU Manke, GC Hewett, KB Madden, TJ McCord, JE Wisniewski, CF Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Hewett, KB Madden, TJ McCord, JE Wisniewski, CF Hager, GD BE Thompson, WE Brunson, RL TI Advanced chemical lasers SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology II CY APR 13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID QUENCHING RATE CONSTANTS; OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ATOMIC IODINE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NCL(A(1)DELTA); KINETICS; CLN3 AB Chemical lasers convert energy stored in chemical bonds and released via chemical reactions into laser photons[1-3]. In general, this process results in much more efficient laser systems, relative to electrically or optically driven lasers, because the power generation, conversion, and conditioning are all spontaneous processed. Within the optical cavity, chemical lasers use gas phase reagents to generate an optical inversion and to extract energy from the stimulated emission process. There are two important inherent disadvantages associated with the use of a chemically reacting, gas phase gain medium. The first is that the density of the gain medium is several orders of magnitude smaller than for solid state devices and hence, chemical lasers devices are generally very much larger than diode, fiber, and other solid state laser devices. Secondly, because the gain medium is not immediately re-usable large fuel supply and gas rejection (ie. pump) systems are required. Notional closed-cycle chemical laser systems would require a chemical plant to re-constitute the starting materials. Despite these caveats, chemical laser; are the only types of lasers that have been demonstrated at power levels relevant for most tactical and strategie defense applications. This review of chemical lasers provides an overview of the most recent advances and concepts for improvements for the chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL), the all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) laser technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5336-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5413 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.538701 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAZ43 UT WOS:000224314300002 ER PT S AU Cain, S AF Cain, S BE Thompson, WE Brunson, RL TI Atmospheric turbulence profile estimation using a single laser guide star SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology II CY APR 13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB In this paper a technique for estimating a range resolved atmospheric turbulence profile statistics is investigated that uses a single laser guide star in conjunction with a Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor. The technique utilizes the fact that light passing through different layers to different wave front sensor apertures in the wave front sensor array will pass through different regions of the atmosphere whose relative distance varies as a function of distance from the laser guide star. This causes the correlation between tilts measured by each pair of wave front sensors in the array to measure different weighting of the power of the index of refraction variation in the turbulence profile as a function of altitude. This variation allows a set of linear equations to be constructed that can be solved to yield the C-n(2) profile. This general technique has been utilized to estimate the turbulence profile using multiple sources and apertures. This paper suggests the possibility of extending the technique to be used with a set of hardware frequently encountered in adaptive optics systems. The application of this technique at many astronomical telescopes would simply involve an additional signal processing function with no change to the optics or other hardware. Simulations performed in this paper serve to demonstrate the degree to which a single guide star could be used with an array of wave front sensors to recover the turbulence profile. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5336-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5413 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1117/12.541888 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAZ43 UT WOS:000224314300006 ER PT S AU Duff, EA Washburn, DC AF Duff, EA Washburn, DC BE Thompson, WE Brunson, RL TI The magic of relay mirrors SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology II CY APR 13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE relay mirrors; high altitude airship relay mirrors; HAA RM; HAA ACTD; airborne laser (ABL) AB Laser weapon systems would be significantly enhanced with the addition of high altitude or space-borne relay mirrors. Such mirrors, operating alone with a directed energy source, or many in a series fashion, can be shown to effectively move the laser source to the last, so-called fighting mirror. This "magically" reduces the range to target and offers to enhance the performance of directed energy systems like the Airborne Laser and even ground-based on ship-based lasers. Recent development of high altitude airships will be shown to provide stationary positions for such relay, mirrors thereby enabling many new and important applications for laser weapons. The technical challenges to achieve this capability are discussed. C1 USAF, DEP, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duff, EA (reprint author), USAF, DEP, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5336-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5413 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.567096 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAZ43 UT WOS:000224314300014 ER PT J AU Heimer, NE Del Sesto, RE Carper, WR AF Heimer, NE Del Sesto, RE Carper, WR TI Evidence for spin diffusion in a H,H-NOESY study of imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; H,H-NOESY; cross-relaxation; matrix analysis; ionic liquids; ab initio; density functional theory ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; NMR RELAXATION; TIME DEVELOPMENT; H-1 DIFFUSION; DENSITY; C-13; SPECTROSCOPY; VISCOSITY; CHLORIDE; SOLVENTS AB The ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIMI[BF4]) and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([PMIMI[BF4]) were studied by H,H-NOESY NMR using a cross-relaxation matrix analysis. Cross-peak intensities are seen to increase with increasing mixing time. Experimental and theoretical hydrogen-hydrogen distances are in agreement at short mixing times (50 ms). Mixing times longer than 50 ms result in an increasing contribution of spin diffusion that produces unrealistically short hydrogen-hydrogen distances. Gas-phase ab initio molecular structures are obtained using Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (B3LYP) methods at the 6311 + G(2d,p) basis set level. The hydrogen-hydrogen distances obtained from the theoretical structures are in reasonable agreement with those calculated from the cross-relaxation matrices. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carper, WR (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1002/mrc.1318 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 759ZW UT WOS:000187786300010 PM 14745820 ER PT S AU Hartley, CS AF Hartley, CS BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Quantitative characterization of anisotropic networks of internal interfaces SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res AB Internal interfaces in metals and alloys provide a convenient and natural basis for the construction of 3-D meshes employed in finite element calculations. For moderate anisotropy (orthotropic symmetry) the spatial variation of the intercept density of test lines with internal interfaces can be expressed as an Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) that can be approximated by a polynomial in powers of the components of the unit vector parallel to the direction of the test line. It is suggested that finite element meshes derived from measurements of actual grain boundary networks can be similarly described. A local finite strain can be defined based on the distortion of the representation quadric for the intercept density relative to a hypothetical isotropic distribution having the same average intercept density. This measure can be a useful means of describing the spatial variation of internal total distortion within an inhomogeneously deformed body. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hartley, CS (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600010 ER PT S AU Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR Miller, JD Glavicic, MG AF Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR Miller, JD Glavicic, MG BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Deformation mechanisms during hot working of titanium SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1558 EP 1558 PG 1 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600258 ER PT S AU Turner, T Miller, MP AF Turner, T Miller, MP BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Instantiation of polycrystal plasticity models to predict heterogeneous straining in aluminum alloys SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res AB A methodology for incorporating a description of material structure into a finite element formulation is presented. This modeling framework was used to study the development of deformation induced surface roughening in thin sheets machined from AA 7050 thick plate. Predicting this roughening phenomenon necessitates the quantification and representation of processes that exist over several size scales. This work describes an experiment/simulation-based study focused on the deformation behavior of thick AA 7050 aluminum plate. EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) experiments were used for the material structure characterization, which included crystallographic texture, distributions in grain sizes, and a distribution in internal grain misorientation. These distributions in structure were used to create digital microstructures which represented virtual specimens composed of finite element-discretized crystals, whose size, orientation and intra-grain misorientations were chosen to match experimentally measured crystal distribution statistics. A continuum slip-polycrystal plasticity model was employed with hardening parameters determined by matching the macroscopic stress-strain response, and the digital microstructures were employed to study the differences in roughening seen in specimens deformed along the Rolling Direction (RD) and Transverse Direction (TD) of the plate material. In general, the trends in the surface roughening were well predicted using the digital microstructures. The TD specimen roughened more than the RD specimen, and the TD roughness appeared to have more directionality. However, the magnitude of the roughening features was less accurately captured, as the model over-predicted the height of the surface roughening. The success of these simulations build additional insight into how to incorporate material structure into deformation simulations, and build representative virtual specimens that can study the complicated processes that underlie the deformation mechanics in polycrystalline materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLMP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turner, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLMP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1687 EP 1692 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600280 ER PT S AU Dimiduk, DM Parathasarathy, TA Rao, SI Choi, YS Uchic, MD AF Dimiduk, DM Parathasarathy, TA Rao, SI Choi, YS Uchic, MD BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI Predicting the microstructure-dependent mechanical performance of materials for early-stage design SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res AB A description is offered of a simulation and testing methodology for structural materials that incorporates the influence of the local, microscopic and submicroscopic heterogeneous nature of material properties directly into design procedures. The new methodology builds upon a multitude of rapid microstructural and property assessments of selected local regions of a material (i.e. single-crystal regions, defected regions, grain aggregates, etc.), perhaps from a fully-processed component, or from materials specifically prepared to represent selected aspects of the full-scale process. The results from these assessments are used to define parameters within a hierarchy of mathematical and numerical representations of the material, and together in turn these may be used in design performance simulation codes to predict the intrinsic response of larger-scale structures. Further, the methodology may be used to anticipate the effects of defects on the performance of the full-scale structure. Most steps of this alternative design and test methodology are amenable to automation, and the methodology as a whole will reduce the number of iterative large-scale cycles required to qualify a material's suitability for structural service; thus, the new method is a framework for accelerating the development of structural materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1705 EP 1710 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600284 ER PT S AU Turner, TJ Semiatin, SL AF Turner, TJ Semiatin, SL BE Ghosh, S Castro, JM Lee, JK TI A crystal-plasticity model for the flow behavior of two-phase alloy systems SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: MODELING, SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Off Sci Res ID POLYCRYSTALS; DEFORMATIONS; COMPOSITES AB A crystal-plasticity finite-element method was applied to predict the flow behavior of two-phase face-centered-cubic (fcc) and hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) alloy systems as a function of both the relative flow stresses of the phases and their volume fractions. The finite-clement model used an equiaxed microstructure typical of a wrought material in which individual grains were resolved with either cube elements or a dodecahedral geometry consisting of 48 tetrahedral elements. The relative strength differences between grains were quantified through differences in crystallographic orientation (geometric strength) or resolved shear strength at the slip system level (material strength). With this methodology, the flow behavior and strain-rate partitioning between the phases were established as a function of both initial crystallographic orientation and initial slip system strength. When the model comprised micro-scale discretization, the predicted strain-rate partitioning between the phases was found to be in agreement with a self-consistent modeling approach that also incorporated strength differences between the two phases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turner, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0188-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 712 BP 1792 EP 1797 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAJ45 UT WOS:000222542600301 ER PT S AU Caffey, JR Kladitis, PE AF Caffey, JR Kladitis, PE GP IEEE TI The effects of ionizing radiation on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators: Electrostatic, electrothermal, and bimorph SO MEMS 2004: 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems CY JAN 25-29, 2004 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID ACCELEROMETERS AB The effects of ionizing radiation on the operation of polysilicon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electrostatic, electrothermal, and bimorph actuators were examined. All devices were irradiated up to a total ionizing dose of 1 megarad(Si) using both a low energy Xray source (LEXR) and Cobalt-60 (Co-60) gamma source. The electrostatic actuators exhibited a decrease in capacitance and thereby an increase in voltage per deflection when subjected to the LEXR radiation environment. Devices irradiated with the Co-60 source showed no changes in the capacitance/voltage relationship after irradiation. The electrothermal actuator operation was not affected by exposure to either type of ionizing radiation. The tip deflection measurements of the bimorph actuators showed a slight decrease between pre- and post characterization. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Caffey, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-8265-X J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2004 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1109/MEMS.2004.1290540 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY67D UT WOS:000189435200034 ER PT B AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, DB BE Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Firstov, SA TI Opportunities and approaches for doubling the structural efficiency of metallic materials SO METALLIC MATERIALS WITH HIGH STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Metallic Materials with High Structure Efficiency CY SEP 07-13, 2003 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div DE structural efficiency; metal matrix composite; amorphous metals; superhigh strength Al; nanocrystalline metals; Ti-B alloys ID ENHANCED PLASTICITY; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; GLASS FORMATION; COMPOSITE; MICROSTRUCTURE; SYSTEMS; ALLOY AB Significant reduction in system mass is required to achieve advanced aerospace objectives such as hypersonic flight, improved fuel efficiency and low cost access to space. The general needs for metallic materials with high structural efficiency will be outlined here, and current approaches for achieving significant improvements in specific strength and stiffness will be described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2059-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 146 BP 3 EP 20 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAN27 UT WOS:000222944200001 ER PT B AU Hartley, CS AF Hartley, CS BE Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Firstov, SA TI The challenge for materials design - Integrating modeling and computation SO METALLIC MATERIALS WITH HIGH STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Metallic Materials with High Structure Efficiency CY SEP 07-13, 2003 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div DE modeling; design; computational materials science and engineering ID STRUCTURAL ANISOTROPY AB The principal axiom of materials science and engineering asserts that material behavior, as measured by properties and performance, depends on structure and processing. It is now generally recognized that the application of this fundamental truth to the rational design of materials has emerged as one of the most challenging technical problems currently facing our industrial society. While the use of simulation and modeling in the computational part of the design process has reduced the product cycle from years to months by reducing the need for costly prototyping and serial experimentation, the development of new materials and processes remains an empirical endeavor guided by intuition with little quantitative scientific input. The reduction of product cycle time, increases in the agility of manufacturing processes and development of optimal materials for engineering applications depend on advances in our ability to generate reliable quantitative models of materials and processes that can be coupled with design codes. Although increases in computing power will aid this process, the most important developments will come in the development of a hierarchy of interoperable, physics-based models of material structure and properties that permit computation to reduce the lengthy experimentation currently required to produce reliable material data bases. This is the challenge to the next generation of mechanists and materials scientists and engineers. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, NA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hartley, CS (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, NA, 4015 Wilson Blvd,Room 713, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2059-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 146 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAN27 UT WOS:000222944200002 ER PT B AU Milman, Y Lotsko, D Sirko, A Neikov, O Zakharova, N Goncharuk, V Koval, A Voropaiev, V Sharovski, A Senkov, O Miracle, D AF Milman, Y Lotsko, D Sirko, A Neikov, O Zakharova, N Goncharuk, V Koval, A Voropaiev, V Sharovski, A Senkov, O Miracle, D BE Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Firstov, SA TI Effect of Fe and Si on the structure and mechanical properties of complex Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys produced by P/M and casting techniques SO METALLIC MATERIALS WITH HIGH STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Metallic Materials with High Structure Efficiency CY SEP 07-13, 2003 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div DE high-strength aluminum alloys; heat treatment; mechanical properties; structure; casting; water atomization ID SC AB In order to establish the possibility of using recycled aluminum, which usually has an increased content of Fe and Si, the structure and mechanical properties of high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys additionally alloyed with only Fe and Si as well as additionally alloyed with Mn, Zr, Sc, Fe and Si were studied. Rods were manufactured from ingots cast into water-cooled copper molds as well as by a P/M technique using powders atomized from the melt by high-pressure water. The microstructure and distribution of elements in the starting condition and in the T6 treated extruded rods were studied by OM and SEM techniques and compared with rod tensile properties. An addition of Fe up to 1 wt.% led to a 5-7% increase in strength. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in ductility in the cast and cast-and-wrought alloys. In alloys prepared by P/M the technique, the addition of Fe led to about 20% increase in strength, as compared to the baseline alloy, without any detrimental effect on elongation. An addition of greater than or equal to0.5 wt.% Si to the P/M alloys decreased strength and slightly increased ductility. Thus, reasonable properties were obtained in high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing significant amounts of Fe and Si. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, IM Frantsevych Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-252143 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Milman, Y (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, IM Frantsevych Inst Problems Mat Sci, Zabolotny St 154, UA-252143 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2059-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 146 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAN27 UT WOS:000222944200016 ER PT B AU Jata, KV Reynolds, AP AF Jata, KV Reynolds, AP BE Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Firstov, SA TI Microstructure and mechanical behavior of friction stir welded titanium alloys SO METALLIC MATERIALS WITH HIGH STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Metallic Materials with High Structure Efficiency CY SEP 07-13, 2003 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div DE friction stir welding; tensile properties; titanium alloys; fatigue crack growth AB Friction stir welding (FSW) has evolved extremely rapidly into a viable and affordable technology to join metallic alloys to manufacture structures for use in transportation systems. Automotive, aircraft, space and ship building industries have been actively pursuing this technology for the last eight to ten. years to join aluminum alloys, steels and recently titanium alloys. Research work is progressing at a vigorous pace on all fronts, including novel tool design, optimization of process parameters to produce mechanical properties equal to or better than fastened structures, and process models to understand and guide the FSW process Friction stir welding of aluminum alloys is nearing maturation and a number of applications have been identified for complex aerospace components in defense and commercial industry. However, a number of issues still remain to be investigated to provide a confident solution for long term usage of friction stir welded aluminum structures. This paper primarily presents a general overview of the friction stir welding of Ti alloys. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jata, KV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLL, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2059-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 146 BP 391 EP 400 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAN27 UT WOS:000222944200039 ER PT S AU Sanders, WS AF Sanders, WS BE Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Firstov, SA TI Lightweight cellular metals with high structural efficiency SO METALLIC MATERIALS WITH HIGH STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Metallic Materials with High Structure Efficiency CY SEP 07-13, 2003 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div DE cellular metals; metallic foam; open- and closed-cell foam; hollow-sphere foam; optimized truss structures; honeycomb ID HOLLOW-SPHERE FOAMS; MECHANICS; BEHAVIOR AB This paper will provide an over-view of the available types of lightweight cellular metals, their production methods, and their performance for various structural applications. Lightweight cellular metals are low-density materials with multifunctional attributes that make them appealing for numerous uses, including thermal and acoustic insulation, energy absorption (crash protection), lightweight structural sandwich panels (as the core material), and vibration damping devices. Cellular metals are especially efficient for structural applications as they provide a high stiffness-to-weight ratio when loaded in bending. Additionally, their damping capacity is up to a factor of ten larger than that of solid metals. Cellular metals are made by a range of novel processing techniques and are available as stochastic foams (closed- and open-cell), hollow-sphere foams, periodic and optimized truss structures, and honeycombs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanders, WS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Wynn.Sanders@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-2060-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2004 VL 146 BP 419 EP 424 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAN27 UT WOS:000222944200042 ER PT J AU Jin, O Mall, S AF Jin, O Mall, S TI Shear force effects on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; CONTACT PRESSURE; CRACK INITIATION; STRESS; AMPLITUDE; DAMAGE; STEEL; LIFE AB The present study examined the role of shear force on fretting fatigue behavior as well as its interdependence on other test variables, such as bulk stress, normal load, relative slip, and coefficient of friction, by using a fretting test system where shear force was controlled independent of other applied loads. Two contact geometries were used: cylinder-on-flat and flat-on-flat. For a given applied bulk stress and normal load condition, there is a simple relationship between shear force and relative slip up to a maximum value of shear force where contact condition changes from partial slip to gross slip. The effects of shear force and relative slip therefore can be combined together to characterize fretting behavior such as in a fretting map. Under a prescribed loading condition, fretting fatigue life decreases as shear force increases in partial slip condition. Further, the inter-relationships between shear force and other variables appear to be independent of contact geometry. In the tests where shear force is not applied independently rather when generated indirectly through the compliance of fretting setup, it is affected by the applied bulk stress and normal load, which in turn affect the relative slip range. Therefore, there is a complex interaction among various variables, and it is difficult to isolate their effects on fretting behavior in such test conditions. An independent control of relative slip in the fretting test thus provides an alternate means to characterize the variables' effects and their interdependence. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jin, O (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 35A IS 1 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0116-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 762VP UT WOS:000188003100015 ER PT S AU Pozhar, LA Maguire, J AF Pozhar, LA Maguire, J BE LaVan, DA Ayon, AA Madou, MJ McNie, ME Prasad, SV TI Statistical thermodynamics of two-dimensional fluids of solid nanoparticles SO MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micro- and Nanosystems held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The second virial coefficient-based statistical thermodynamics of a diluted fluid of rigid particles of regular polygonal shape is discussed. Analytical expressions for the second virial coefficient, surface tension, isothermal compressibility and isothermal speed of sound are derived in this approximation. The obtained results provide analytical guidelines for numerical simulations and modeling studies of two-dimensional (2D) particulate fluids (thin films) widely used in processing of model (nano)composite materials and other technological processes. C1 Polymer Mat Branch, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pozhar, LA (reprint author), Polymer Mat Branch, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-720-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 782 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAH04 UT WOS:000222177500019 ER PT S AU Hindman, C Robertson, L AF Hindman, C Robertson, L GP IEEE TI Beaconless satellite laser acquisition - Modeling and feasability SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Optical satellite links require microradian pointing accuracies for acceptable received power levels with microradian beam divergences. Errors in attitude estimation, ephemeris accuracy and platform to boresight alignment are typically on the order of several milliradians, necessitating an acquisition process to locate the actual position of the satellite in space. This process involves scanning a laser (the search beacon) over an error cone until detection occurs onboard the satellite and a two-way link can be established. Current systems use a spoiled large divergence beacon laser for the acquisition and link initialization process, and then switch to a diffraction limited communications laser for fine tracking and data transfer. If the communications laser can be used for the acquisition process instead, the extra complexity of the beacon laser can be eliminated, resulting in considerable savings. A detailed model of the acquisition process is developed and used to show that a diffraction-limited beam can be used for acquisition tinder some circumstances involving benign vibration environments. The same methodology is used to determine an optimal beam divergence in other cases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Hindman, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200007 ER PT S AU Marquis, D AF Marquis, D GP IEEE TI Network and operations management approach for the global information grid SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB This paper provides an overview of the challenges, approaches, and basic methods for providing network and operational management and control for a globally distributed Internetwork including terrestrial fiber, satellite, and radio segments in support of warfighting efforts for the United States of America and its allies. C1 USAF, MILSATCOM Joint Program Off, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Marquis, D (reprint author), USAF, MILSATCOM Joint Program Off, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 339 EP 345 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200054 ER PT S AU Willard, DA AF Willard, DA GP IEEE TI Network management architecture for the objective airborne network SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB The objective airborne network (AN) of the future will use a heterogeneous set of physical links (RF, Optical/Laser, and SATCOM) to interconnect terrestrial, space and highly mobile airborne platforms. The primary communications resources of the network will be the airborne platforms themselves, which will self-form into a network with a dynamic topology - i.e., a mobile ad hoc network. As a war-fighting asset, the objective AN should provide commanders the capability to ascertain the network's operational health and status - i.e., network situational awareness. Additionally, AN communications resources should be configurable to meet the commanders' operational objectives. These operational requirements are typically satisfied in terrestrial, wire-line networks by network management (NM) capabilities. However, network management of mobile ad hoc networks is an emerging research area facing many challenges. This paper identifies the management challenges of the AN and outlines an architecture to address these challenges. The proposed architecture is then used to frame the critical research and technology needs the military communications community should address to enable network management of the future AN. This paper was invited for the Airborne Networking session by Kenneth Stranc, Session Organizer. C1 MITRE Corp, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Willard, DA (reprint author), MITRE Corp, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 388 EP 393 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200062 ER PT S AU Oleski, PJ Bharj, SS Patton, RW Thaduri, M AF Oleski, PJ Bharj, SS Patton, RW Thaduri, M GP IEEE TI Transmit receive module for space ground link subsystem (SGLS) and unified S-band (USB) satellite telemetry, tracking and commanding (TT&C) and communications SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB To support the operation of a large number of satellites at various orbits, a network of antennas distributed around the globe is needed to contact satellites at predetermined time and location. These satellites require efficient, Telemetry, Tracking and Commanding (TT&C) for payload operation. Currently large mechanically steered parabolic antennas provide Transmit and Receive (TR) capabilities in support of satellite operations (SATOPS). Reflector antennas have been used because of relatively low acquisition cost. S-Band component technology provided by the cell phone industry will now allow an affordable Electronically Scanned Antenna (ESA). Current SATOPS require a more efficient and flexible antenna system. The ESA can offer superior performance, operability, adaptability and maintainability for satellite operation. This paper will present the design of a TR module which can provide two separate Transmit (Tx) and two Receive (Rx) links to a satellite. The TR module will be part of a dome shaped antenna which could provide multiple simultaneous ground to satellite links. This geodome antenna will provide multiple simultaneous operations with pointing and acquisition taking seconds. One dome antenna can replace the capability of three parabolic dishes. The low cost TR module has been developed by the AFRL/Information Grid Division (IFG) and Princeton Microwave Technology Inc. for the next generation of the AF Satellite Control Network (AFSCN). The TR module consists of two Tx channels each capable of 20 dB of output power and two Rx channels with a gain of 30 dB per channel. In addition, beam switching and on board digital control has been implemented where the Tx and Rx channels provide four bit phase shift and five bit amplitude control. In addition to the control functions, Built-in Test (BIT) circuits will monitor the health and status of the RF devices. This function utilizes a micro-controller to output digital data for each of the power and low noise amplifiers, via AID converters. The bandwidth of the TR module has been designed to cover both the Unified S-Band (USB) and Satellite Ground Link Subsystem (SGLS). The TR functions are combined at the output via a ceramic resonator diplexer comprised of a band pass-band stop filter. The control of the TR module is conducted via a single Programmable Logic Device (PLD) controller through a DAQ computer interface. The TR module has been designed to meet the cost objective for a dome antenna with approximately 47,000 TR modules. The paper will detail the performance and methods used to achieve the performance goals. A 78 element triangular panel of TR modules has been successfully tested at an AFRL antenna test site. A six panel subarray was successfully demonstrated at a NASA Flight Test Facility in Aug 2004, where a subarray of 468 TR modules provided TT&C to low earth orbit satellites. This paper will provide a detailed layout of the TR module and its measured characteristics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFGE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Oleski, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFGE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM oleskip@rl.af.mil; sarjit@princetonmicrowave.com; pattonr@rl.af.mil; madan@princetonmicrowave.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 880 EP 885 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200138 ER PT S AU Lawson, J Raines, R Baldwin, R Hartrum, T Littlejohn, K AF Lawson, J Raines, R Baldwin, R Hartrum, T Littlejohn, K GP IEEE TI Modeling adaptive middleware and its application to military tactical datalinks SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Open systems solutions and techniques have become the de facto standard for achieving interoperability between disparate, large-scale, legacy software systems. A key technology among open systems solutions and techniques is middleware. Middleware, in general, is used to isolate applications from dependencies introduced by hardware, operating systems, and other low-level aspects of system architectures. While middleware approaches are or will be integrated into operational military systems, many open questions exist about the appropriate areas to applying middleware. Adaptive middleware is middleware that provides an application with a run-time adaptation strategy, based upon system-level interfaces and properties. Adaptive middleware is an example of an active applied research area. Adaptive middleware is being developed and applied to meet the ever-increasing challenges set forth by the next generation of mission-critical distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. The driving force behind many next-generation DRE systems is the establishment of QoS requirements typically associated with workloads that vary dynamically. The Weapon System Open Architecture (WSOA), an adaptive middleware platform developed by Boeing, is modeled as a part of this research to determine the scalability of the architecture. The WSOA adaptive middleware was previously flight-tested with one tactical node, and the test results represent the performance baseline the architecture. The WSOA adaptive middleware is modeled with 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 tactical nodes. The results of the modeling and simulation is that the WSOA adaptive middleware can achieve the performance baseline achieved during the original flight-test, in the cases of 1, 2, and 4 tactical nodes. In addition, the results of the modeling and simulation also demonstrate that the WSOA adaptive middleware cannot achieve the original performance baseline, in the cases of 8 and 16 tactical nodes. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Lawson, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 975 EP 980 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200152 ER PT J AU Dremsa, TL Resnick, B Braun, RF Derogatis, LR McEntee, M Turner, M Reineck, C AF Dremsa, TL Resnick, B Braun, RF Derogatis, LR McEntee, M Turner, M Reineck, C TI Pilot testing the readiness estimate and deployability index revised for air force nurses SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; FEMALE SOLDIERS; US ARMY; HEALTH; TRAUMA AB The Readiness Estimate and Deployability Index Revised for Air Force Nurses (READI-R-AFN) was derived from modifications of Reineck's Readiness Instrument. Reliability and validity of the READI-R-AFN was estimated on completed questionnaires of 181 active duty Air Force nurses. The READI-R-AFN was evaluated based on item analysis, internal consistency (a coefficient, >0.70), confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling, and hypothesis testing. The findings were supported by Flannery's model of stress resistance. There was evidence of reliability and validity of the 83-item READI-R-AFN based on internal consistency (alpha, 0.80-0.96), structural equation modeling, and hypothesis testing. The original hypothesized six dimensions were retained. C1 MSRN, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dremsa, TL (reprint author), MSRN, 59 CRES, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100003 PM 14964495 ER PT J AU Jurk, DM Chambal, SP Thal, AE AF Jurk, DM Chambal, SP Thal, AE TI Using value-focused thinking to select innovative force protection ideas SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The United States Air Force depends on their seven battlelabs to "Rapidly identify and prove the worth of innovative ideas which improve the ability of the Air Force to execute its core competencies and Joint Warfighting" (Department of the Air Force, 1997:2). A variety of proposed solutions or "initiatives" are presented to the battlelabs as alternatives to meet this demanding mission. Each battlelab must prioritize the incoming ideas when selecting which to pursue in a constrained environment. They are faced with multiple criteria and multiple objectives; yet are required to have a defensible, objective, and repeatable selection process to assist them in making these decisions. This study applies value-focused thinking (VFT) to the decision making process to provide the necessary insight to decision makers. Specifically, using the VFT process, a value model is constructed, alternatives are scored, and results are analyzed for competing initiatives within the Air Force's Force Protection Battlelab (FPB). The FPB was selected for this study because part of its mission is to prove the value of innovative force protection ideas and concepts used to further the core competencies of the Air Force. The contribution of this effort extends beyond the FPB as the value model is generated from overarching battlelab guidance and the force protection terminology could be replaced with terminology appropriate for any of the other six battlelabs. Furthermore, the model could be applied to an overall prioritization decision across all battlelabs directly by removing the topic area terminology all together. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Jurk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM David.M.Jurk@Jeodnet.mil; stephen.chambal@nro.mil; alfred.thal@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 31 EP 43 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 873AK UT WOS:000225250800003 ER PT J AU Mastroianni, GR AF Mastroianni, GR TI Untitled SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mastroianni, GR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1601_5 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 779JW UT WOS:000189292400005 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Brown, DL Smith, JK AF Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Brown, DL Smith, JK TI The effects of 37 hours of continuous wakefulness on the physiological arousal, cognitive performance, self-reported mood, and simulator flight performance of F-117A pilots SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; IN-FLIGHT; FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURE; HELICOPTER PILOTS; EEG DATA; ALERTNESS; DEXTROAMPHETAMINE; VIGILANCE; DURATION; EFFICACY AB Pilot fatigue poses a serious threat to operational safety, but understanding the nature of the problem and the times at which pilots are most at risk will facilitate operationally relevant fatigue-management strategies. This investigation sought to address these issues in a controlled investigation of the impact of sustained wakefulness on Air Force aviators. Ten current and qualified F-I 17 pilots completed the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), a resting eyes-open and eyes-closed EEG, and a standardized flight evaluation in an F-117 flight simulator at 5-hr intervals during the final 23 hours of a 37-hr period of continuous wakefulness. Results indicated significant decrements in mood, cognition, central nervous system activation, and flight skills began to occur in the predawn hours during a night without sleep. However, the most serious operationally relevant decrements appeared at approximately 0700 (after 25 hours without sleep) and persisted throughout the remainder of the deprivation period. The decrements suggested in the real world crew coordination likely will decline, information processing will become impaired, and a wide array of basic capabilities will be degraded as a result of compromised vigilance, poor situational awareness, and sluggish reaction time. Even the well-practiced flight skills of experienced pilots are clearly susceptible to the insidious effects of sleep loss. These quantified effects of untreated sleep deprivation will provide a baseline against which promising fatigue countermeasures can be assessed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPM, Brooks AFB, TX 78255 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPM, 2485 Gillingham Dr,Suite 2, Brooks AFB, TX 78255 USA. EM john.caldwell@brooks.af.mil NR 29 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 13 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 163 EP 181 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1603_2 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 844UZ UT WOS:000223187600002 ER PT B AU Price, SD Omont, A AF Price, SD Omont, A BE Clemens, D Shah, RY Brainerd, T TI Mid-infrared surveys of the Galactic plane SO MILKY WAY SURVEYS THE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF OUR GALAXY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Astrophysics Conference on Milky Way Surveys CY JUN 15-17, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Boston Univ Inst Astrophys Res ID INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; SPACE-EXPERIMENT SURVEY; COBE DIRBE DATA; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; ISOGAL SURVEY; MILKY-WAY; STELLAR POPULATIONS; VARIABLE-STARS; BAADES WINDOWS; BULGE AB Two complementary satellite-based mid-infrared surveys of the Galactic plane were conducted in the 1990s. The Midcourse Space eXperiment (MSX) surveyed the entire plane within \b\ <5degrees in four mid-infrared spectral hands between 8.3 and 21.3 mum at a resolution of 20". The camera on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was used to survey similar to16 deg(2) of the inner Galaxy at 7 and/or 15 mum to at 6" resolution under the aegis of the ISOCAL experiment. The images and catalogs produced by these surveys are available to the general astronomical community and we summarize the results of a number of scientific papers based on the survey products. The surveys reveal the true complexity of the structure in the interstellar emission along the Galactic plane. Both MSX and ISO "discovered" a new component of the Galaxy, several thousand infrared dark clouds that are so cold (T<15K) that they are seen in absorption against the infrared background emission along the Galactic plane. When combined with velocity information from millimeter molecular line observations both the dark clouds and the mid-infrared identified young stellar objects are tracers of Galactic structure. The catalogs have been used to derive the mid-infrared luminosity function of the bulge asymptotic giant branch stars, and to identify and characterize OH and SiO masers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-177-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 317 BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBP80 UT WOS:000226963600026 ER PT B AU Kraemer, KE Price, SD Shipman, RF Mizuno, DR Kuchar, T Carey, SJ AF Kraemer, KE Price, SD Shipman, RF Mizuno, DR Kuchar, T Carey, SJ BE Clemens, D Shah, RY Brainerd, T TI Large-scale observations of galactic star forming regions with the Midcourse Space Experiment SO MILKY WAY SURVEYS THE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF OUR GALAXY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Astrophysics Conference on Milky Way Surveys CY JUN 15-17, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Boston Univ Inst Astrophys Res AB We have imaged seven nearby star forming regions with the infrared telescope on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) at 18" resolution at 8.3,12.1, 14.7, and 21.3 mum: the Rosette nebula, the Orion nebula (A and B), W 3, the Pleiades, S 263, G159.6-18.5, and C300.2-16.8. The large scale of the regions imaged (7.2-50 square degrees) makes this dataset unique in terms of the combination of field size and resolution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-177-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 317 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBP80 UT WOS:000226963600030 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Kim, MS Yang, HK Soo, BK AF Lee, KS Kim, MS Yang, HK Soo, BK TI Lithographic microfabrication by using two-photon absorbing phenylenevinylene derivative SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Korea-Japan Joint Forum on Organic Materials for Electronics and Photonics CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2003 CL Pusan Natl Univ, Busan, SOUTH KOREA HO Pusan Natl Univ DE lithographic microfabrication; photopolymerization; two-photon absorption ID PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMERIZATION AB The phenylenevinylene-based two-photon absorbing chromophore (EA4BPA-VB) with a triphenyl amine as an electron donor was synthesized The two-photon absorption, (TPA) cross-section volvas of EA4BPA-VB measured by two-photon induced, fluorescence method with 80 fs-pulse laser ware found to be sigma(2) = 4.7 x 10(-48) cm(4)s/photon. By adding this chromophore into photo-reactive SCR resin, we have successfully fabricated 3-D micro-structure (a larva) with high spatial resolution at tow laser power with less than 5 mW To improve the resolution of 3-D patternings, we also investigated a voxel size and shape depending on laser exposure lime and concentration of TPA chromophore in SCR resin, at near-threshold exposure condition. C1 Hannam Univ, Dept Polymer & Engn, Taejon 306791, South Korea. Osaka Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Osaka 5650871, Japan. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, KS (reprint author), Hannam Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, 133 Ojunt Domg, Taejon 306791, South Korea. EM kslee@mail.hannam.ac.kr NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2004 VL 424 BP 35 EP + DI 10.1080/15421400490505857 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 889AM UT WOS:000226415900006 ER PT S AU Laine, TI Bauer, KW AF Laine, TI Bauer, KW BE Dasarathy, BV TI A mathematical framework for the optimization of rejection and ROC thresholds in the fusion of correlated sensor data SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATONS 2004 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE combat identification (CID); fusion; receiver operating characteristic (ROC).; 3-D ROC surface; automatic taraet recosinition (ATR); performance; rejection ID TARGET DETECTION; SAR IMAGES; CURVE AB In pattern recognition applications, significant costs can be associated with various decision options and a minimum acceptable level of confidence is often required. Combat target identification is one example where the incorrect labeling of Targets and Non-targets incurs substantial costs: yet, these costs may be difficult to quantify. One way to increase decision confidence is through fusion of data from multiple sources or from multiple looks through time. Numerous methods have been published to determine optimal rules for the fusion of decision labels or to determine the Bayes' optimal decision if prior and posterior probabilities along with decision costs can be accurately estimated. This paper introduces a mathematical framework to optimize multiple decision thresholds subject to a decision maker's preferences. when a continuous measure of class membership is available. Decision variables may include rejection thresholds to specify non-declaration regions and ROC thresholds to explore viable trite positive and false positive Target classification rates, where the feasible space can be partially visualized by a 3D ROC surface. This methodology yields an optimal class declaration rule subject to decision maker preferences without using explicit costs associated with each type of decision. Some properties of this optimization framework are shown for Gaussian distributions representing Target and Non-target classes with various prior probabilities and correlation levels between simulated multiple sensor looks. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Laine, TI (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Trevor.Laine@afit.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5357-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5434 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.542331 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAN25 UT WOS:000222944000004 ER PT S AU Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME AF Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME BE Dasarathy, BV TI A category theory description of multisensor fusion SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATONS 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE d ata fusion; information fusion; fusor; category theory; categories AB Data fusion as a science has been described in the literature in great detail by many authors, particularly over the last two decades. These descriptions are, for the vast majority, non-mathematical in nature and have lacked the symbolism and clarity of mathematical precision. This paper demonstrates a way of describing the science of data fusion using diagrams and category theory. The description begins using category theory to develop a clear definition of what fusion is in a mathematical sense. The definitions of fusion rules and fusors show how a notion of "betterness" can be defined by developing appropriate functionals. Using a simple diagram of a multisensor process, an explanation of how receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves can provide an appropriate functional to compare fusion rules, fusors, and even classifiers. A partial ordering of a finite number of fusors can then be created. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thorsen, SN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5357-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5434 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1117/12.542517 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAN25 UT WOS:000222944000026 ER PT S AU Kramer, RM Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Kramer, RM Stone, MO Naik, RR BE Cartwright, AN TI Biologically-synthesized inorganic nanomaterials SO NANOBIOPHOTONICS AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE peptides; biomineralization; phage display; nanomaterials ID NANOPARTICLES AB A hallmark of biological systems is their ability to self-assemble. This self-assembly can occur on the molecular, macromolecular and mesoscale. In this work, we have chosen to exploit biology's ability to self-assemble by incorporating additional functionality within the final structure. Our research efforts have been directed at not only understanding how biological organisms control nucleation and growth of inorganic materials, but also how this activity can be controlled in vitro. In previous work, we have demonstrated how peptides can be selected from a combinatorial library that possesses catalytic activity with respect to inorganic nucleation and deposition. We have engineered some of these peptide sequences into self-assembling protein structures. The goal of the project was to create an organic/inorganic hybrid that retained the "memory" properties of the organic, but possessed the superior optical and electronic properties of the inorganic. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kramer, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5239-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5331 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.537668 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAJ80 UT WOS:000222603400013 ER PT S AU Radloff, C Juhl, S Vaia, RA Brunton, J Ward, V Kalmakoff, J Dokland, TE Ha, YH Thomas, EL AF Radloff, C Juhl, S Vaia, RA Brunton, J Ward, V Kalmakoff, J Dokland, TE Ha, YH Thomas, EL BE Lai, WYC Pau, S Lopez, OD TI Bio-scaffolds for ordered nanostructures and metallodielectric nanoparticles SO NANOFABRICATION: TECHNOLOGIES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanofabrication CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, JEOL, Quantachrome Instruments, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE photonics; colloidal crystal; virus; bio-scaffold; nanoshell ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; GOLD NANOSHELLS; SILVER NANOPARTICLE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PROTEIN; SPECTROSCOPY; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; NANOCRYSTALS AB The use of virus nanoparticles, specifically Chilo and Wiseana Invertebrate Iridovirus, as building blocks for iridescent nanoparticle assemblies and core substrates in the fabrication of metallodielectric nanostructures is discussed. Virus particles are assembled in vitro, yielding films and monoliths with optical iridescence arising from multiple Bragg scattering from close packed crystalline structures of the iridovirus. Bulk viral assemblies are prepared by centrifugation followed by the addition of glutaraldehyde, a cross-linking agent. Long range assemblies were prepared by employing a cell design that forced virus assembly within a confined geometry followed by cross-linking. In addition to these assemblies core-shell particles were, created from the same virus. A gold shell is assembled around the viral core by attaching small gold nanoparticles to the virus surface by means of the inherent chemical functionality found within the protein cage structure of the viral-capsid. These gold nanoparticles act as nucleation sites for electroless deposition of gold ions from solution. UV/Vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy, were used to verify the creation of the virus assemblages. The optical extinction spectra of the metallo-viral complex were compared to Mie scattering theory and found to be in quantitative agreement. These investigations demonstrate that direct harvesting of biological structures, rather than biochemical modification of protein sequences, is a viable route to create unique, optically active materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5545-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5592 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.571384 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBR38 UT WOS:000227355700015 ER PT S AU Hay, RS AF Hay, RS BE Anderson, PM Foecke, T Misra, A Rudd, RE TI Twin boundaries and stacking faults in monazite (monoclinic LaPO4) SO NANOSCALE MATERIALS AND MODELING-RELATIONS AMONG PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Materials and Modeling held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES; DISLOCATIONS; PHOSPHATES; MECHANISMS; COATINGS; ALUMINUM AB Monazite (LaPO4) was indented at room temperature. Deformation twin boundaries and stacking faults were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Kinked deformation twins were also characterized and analyzed. Three types of stacking faults associated with climb-dissociated partial dislocations were observed. Two were found on twin boundaries, and a third in the lattice. Formation mechanisms are discussed. ne superimposition of stacking faults along twin boundaries during deformation twinning and the glide of climb-dissociated partial dislocations allowed by stacking fault migration are discussed. The possible relationship between the formation mechanisms for these defects and the low-temperature recrystallization and self-annealing of defects in monazite is considered. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-771-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 821 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF07 UT WOS:000225177200028 ER PT S AU Freund, MM AF Freund, MM BE Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Nanotechnology strategic plan for the US Air Force SO NANOSENSING: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensing CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE strategic planning; tailorable dielectrics; optical response materials; adaptive structural materials; energetic materials; quantum confinement; self-assembly; nano interfaces AB I will review recent advances in DoD nanoscience and technology (NST) at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in the areas of nano-materials, nano-electronics, and nano-energetics. NST will profoundly change all critical aspects of maintaining a technologically superior national defense capability. In this talk, I will focus on programmatic priorities for AFRL basic and applied R&D in the seven selected priority areas that comprise the AFRL Strategic Nanotech Plan. The goal of this plan is to focus, prioritize and guide future AF funding in nanotechnology. The selected topics include: tailorable dielectrics, reconfigurable optical response materials, adaptive structural materials, quantum confined optical sensors and sources, nanotechnology for RF, as well as several cross-cutting topics such as self-assembly, interfaces, and modeling and simulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Freund, MM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5546-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5593 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.581338 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BBP00 UT WOS:000226789700010 ER PT B AU Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS BE Voevodin, AA Shtansky, DV Levashov, EA Moore, JJ TI Smart nanocomposite coatings with chameleon surface adaptation in tribological applications SO NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS AND NANODISPERSION STRENGTHENED COATINGS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Russia Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Thin Films and Nanodispersion Strengthened Coatings CY DEC 08-10, 2003 CL Technol Univ, Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Moscow, RUSSIA SP NATO, Brussels, Public Diplomacy Div, Collaborat Programmers Sect HO Technol Univ, Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys DE nanostructured materials; composite; coating; hard; tough; low friction; wear reduction; environment cycling ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; CARBON COMPOSITES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; SUPER-HARD; SUPERPLASTICITY; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE AB Smart nanocomposite tribological coatings were designed to respond to changing environmental conditions by self-adjustment of their surface properties to maintain good tribological performance in any environment. These coatings have been dubbed "chameleon" because of their ability to change their surface chemistry and structure to avoid wear. The first "chameleon" coatings were made of WC, WS2, and DLC; these coatings provided superior mechanical toughness and performance in dry/humid environmental cycling. In order to address temperature variation, the second generation of "chameleon" coatings were made of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in a gold matrix with encapsulated nano-sized reservoirs of MoS2 and DLC. High temperature lubrication with low melting point glassy ceramic phases was also explored. All coatings were produced using a combination of laser ablation and magnetron sputtering. They were thoroughly characterized by various analytical, mechanical, and tribological methods. Coating toughness was remarkably enhanced by activation of a grain boundary sliding mechanism. Friction and wear endurance measurements were performed in controlled humidity air, dry nitrogen, and vacuum environments, as well as at 500-600 degreesC in air. Unique friction and wear performance in environmental cycling was demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2221-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 155 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/1-4020-2222-0_1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAY50 UT WOS:000224223400001 ER PT B AU Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS BE Voevodin, AA Shtansky, DV Levashov, EA Moore, JJ TI Hybrid plasma deposition methods for synthesis of nanostructured materials SO NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS AND NANODISPERSION STRENGTHENED COATINGS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Russia Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Thin Films and Nanodispersion Strengthened Coatings CY DEC 08-10, 2003 CL Technol Univ, Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Moscow, RUSSIA SP NATO, Brussels, Public Diplomacy Div, Collaborat Programmers Sect HO Technol Univ, Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; VACUUM-ARC; THIN-FILMS; COATINGS; TRIBOLOGY; ABLATION; NITRIDE; GROWTH AB Hybrid deposition techniques facilitate a high degree of structural control at low substrate temperatures, permitting growth of nanostructured materials, which are not possible to produce by other methods. Several hybrid processes were studied, where pulsed plasma plumes from an excimer laser ablation were combined with continuous plasma generated by non-pulsed sources. One was a hybrid of laser ablation and ion beam deposition, where short-lived interactions between two plasma sources were explored to produce MON films. The process was used as a base for the development Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite coatings. Another hybrid process was a combination of laser ablation with magnetron sputtering (MSPLD), where highly energetic plasma plumes from laser ablation were intersected with a magnetron-generated plasma containing sputtered metal atoms. MSPLD was used to prepare a number of nanostructured coatings, including WC/DLC, WC/DLC/WS2, YSZ/Au, and YSZ/Au/MoS2/DLC nano-composites for wear protection of engineering components. Recently we initiated exploration of a new hybrid process, using filtered vacuum arc and magnetron sputtering, as an aletranative to MSPLD. Initial studies were performed in preparing Ti-TiC-DLC and Ti-TiC-CNx functionally gradient coatings. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2221-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 155 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1007/1-4020-2222-0_10 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAY50 UT WOS:000224223400010 ER PT B AU Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE AF Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Contact force models, including electric contact deformation, for electrostatically actuated, Cantilever-style, RF MEMS switches SO NSTI NANOTECH 2004, VOL 2, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2004) CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Intel Corp, Motorola, Texas Instruments, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, iMediasoft Grp, Frontier Carbon Corp, Veeco Instruments, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Racepoint Grp Inc, Int SEMATECH, FEI Co, Keithley, St Gobain High Performance Mat, Zyvex Corp, Accelrys, ANSYS Inc, Atomistix, PolyInsight, GA Dept Ind & Trade, Swiss Business Hub USA, Australian Govt, Invest Australia, State Bavaria, Germany, United States Off Econ Dev, m+w zander, Engis Corp, COMSOL, Engelhard Corp, Nanonex Inc, nanoTITAN, Tegal Corp, Umech Technologies, MEMSCAP, Swiss House Adv Res & Educ SHARE, Basel Area Business, Dev, Dev Econ Western Switzerland, Nanoworld AG, Nanosensors, Nanofair, Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis, LLP, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo, PC, Jackson Walker LLP, Greater Zurich Area DE microelectromechanical systems; micro-switch; contact force; contact resistance AB Electrostatically actuated, cantilever-style, metal contact, radio frequency (RF), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches depend on having adequate contact force to achieve desired, low contact resistance. In this study, contact force equations that account for beam tip deflection and electric contact material deformation are derived. Tip deflection is modeled analytically using beam bending theory and contact material deformation is modeled as elastic, plastic, or elastic-plastic. Contact resistance predictions, based on Maxwellian theory and newly derived contact force equations, are compared to experimental results. Contact force predictions not considering tip deflection or material deformation overestimate contact force and result in underestimated contact resistance. Predictions based on the new contact force models agree with measurements. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT-ENG 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INST PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE KENDALL SQUARE, PMB 308, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-8-4 PY 2004 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAO48 UT WOS:000223076800052 ER PT J AU Ng, JD Payner, TD Holck, DEE Martin, RT Nunery, WT AF Ng, JD Payner, TD Holck, DEE Martin, RT Nunery, WT TI Orbital trauma caused by bicycle hand brakes SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB Purpose: This report aims to increase awareness of an unusual mechanism of orbital injury sustained by bicycle riders. Methods: In this retrospective small case series, we describe two cases of orbital injury caused by upper eyelid penetration. A 5-year-old boy (patient 1) and a 6-year-old boy (patient 2) presented to our service within a 2-week period. Both had been injured by similarly styled, handlebar-mounted bicycle hand brake levers. Patient 1 had an orbital roof fracture and penetrating brain injury and underwent repair of a left upper eyelid laceration, craniotomy for pseudoencephalocele, and ptosis repair. Patient 2 had orbital hemorrhage and underwent repair of left upper eyelid laceration. Results: In both cases, a handlebar-mounted bicycle hand brake lever perforated the left eyelid when the rider fell onto it. Neither patient was wearing protective headwear or eyewear. Two months after surgery, patient 1 had 20/25 visual acuity OU and excellent cosmetic appearance. Patient 2 had baseline amblyopic vision 2 days after surgery but moved from town and was lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Orbit injuries from bicycle brake levers are rare, and helmets or protective eyewear probably would not have prevented these injuries. However, a change in the design and/or mounting location of handlebar-mounted brake levers might help prevent further injuries of this type. C1 Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Indianapolis Neurosurg Grp, Indianapolis, IN USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Midw Eye Inst, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Ng, JD (reprint author), Casey Eye Inst, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM ngj@ohsu.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1097/01.IOP.0000103007.29795.71 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 765ZK UT WOS:000188320800011 PM 14752313 ER PT J AU Wick, DV Martinez, T AF Wick, DV Martinez, T TI Adaptive optical zoom SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material DE active optics; adaptive optics; spatial light modulators; zoom lenses ID ACTIVE LENS; MODULATOR AB In order to optically vary the magnification of an imaging system, continuous mechanical zoom lenses require multiple optical elements and use fine mechanical motion to precisely adjust the separations between individual or groups of lenses. By incorporating active elements, such as liquid crystal spatial light modulators or deformable mirrors, into the optical design, we can eliminate the need to change the spacing between lenses and create an imaging system with variable optical magnification that has no macroscopic moving parts. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1117/1.1633570 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 776FV UT WOS:000189106700002 ER PT S AU Andersen, G AF Andersen, G BE Mather, JC TI Holographic sparse aperture telescopes for space SO OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER SPACE TELESCOPES, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Space Telescopes CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Assoc Univ Res Astron Inc, European Astron Soc, European Opt Soc, European SO Observ, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Int Astron Union, Jet Propuls Lab, Max-Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Astron Obser Network, Opt Infrared Coordinat Network, Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, Adv Radio Astron Europe, Royal Astron Soc, Scottish Enterprise, Smart Opt Faraday Partnership, UK Astron Technol Ctr DE space telescopes; holography; sparse arrays ID ABERRATIONS AB In order to achieve ultra-large (>20m) effective apertures for space-based telescopes, new techniques will have to be developed to overcome issues of increased launch mass and volume. Research conducted in the past has shown it possible to correct for thousands of waves of surface and geometrical wavefront error using inexpensive image holograms of aberrated primary elements. We now show that this same technique can also be used to simultaneously phase separate primary apertures together. Experimental results presented here demonstrate the phasing and correction of both monolithic membrane primaries and glass flats to diffraction limited performance. In the latter case, the lack of curvature of the mirrors is simply treated as an aberration like any other. The ultimate goal of this project is to conceive a simple correction scheme which will permit space-based imaging interferometers with effective apertures of up to 100m. Although operating over narrow bandwidths, such telescopes may well be suited to lidar, optical communications or high-resolution imaging not requiring multi-spectral detection. C1 USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5419-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5487 BP 1129 EP 1136 DI 10.1117/12.549997 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBE11 UT WOS:000225098600107 ER PT S AU Grote, JG Heckman, E Hagen, JA Yaney, PP Subramanyam, G Clarson, SJ Diggs, DE Nelson, RL Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK Ogata, N AF Grote, JG Heckman, E Hagen, JA Yaney, PP Subramanyam, G Clarson, SJ Diggs, DE Nelson, RL Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK Ogata, N BE Vere, AW Grote, JG Kajzar, F TI Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based optical materials SO OPTICAL MATERIALS IN DEFENCE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials in Defence Systems Technology CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, UK, QinetiQ, Sira, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, Forsvarets Forskningsinst DE deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; optical waveguide; optical material ID MODULATORS AB Optical materials for waveguiding applications must possess the desired optical and electromagnetic properties for optimal device performance. Purified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), derived from salmon sperm, has been investigated for use as an optical waveguide material. In this paper we present the materials processing and optical and electromagnetic characterization of this purified DNA to render a high quality, low loss optical waveguide material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5574-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5621 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.573085 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BBO39 UT WOS:000226645400003 ER PT S AU Natarajan, LV Klosterman, J Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, LV Klosterman, J Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ BE Vere, AW Grote, JG Kajzar, F TI Effect of adding a multi-functional acrylate on the electrooptical properties of reflection gratings formed by thiol-ene photopolymerization SO OPTICAL MATERIALS IN DEFENCE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials in Defence Systems Technology CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, UK, QinetiQ, Sira, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, Forsvarets Forskningsinst DE polymer dispersed liquid crystals; holographic photopolymerization; photopolymers; reflection gratings ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS AB Thiol-ene photopolymerization reactions initiated by a UV Argon laser line were used to write Bragg reflection gratings in polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Thiol-ene polymers are well suited as hosts for grating formation as they exhibit good long-term stability in their optical and electro-optical properties. Gelation in thiol-enes occur at high conversions (> 50%) and phase separation leads to formation of spherically shaped nematic droplets. For conventional photopolymerization using acrylates, high molecular weight polymer is formed very early in the reaction and therefore gelation occurs at low conversions. In this study, we have observed the effect of adding a multifunctional acrylate to the commercially available Norland thiol-ene precursors on the formation of Bragg reflection gratings. The results suggest a preferential homopolymerization of acrylate leading to early gelation that adversely affects the performance of the reflection gratings. A decrease of diffraction efficiency, an increase of switching voltage, and higher levels of shrinkage of the polymerizing film was observed. Morphology studies indicate with increasing addition of acrylate, a progressive transition from spherical nematic droplets to elongated droplets occurs with decrease of droplet density. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5574-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5621 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.579365 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BBO39 UT WOS:000226645400013 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Lorenzo, J Kierstead, J Pyburn, D Sengupta, SK AF Khoury, J Woods, CL Lorenzo, J Kierstead, J Pyburn, D Sengupta, SK BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Resolution limits in imaging LADAR systems SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recongnition XV CY APR 15-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID RADAR AB In this paper, we introduce a new design concept of laser radar systems that combines both phase comparison and time-of-flight methods. We show from signal to noise ratio considerations that there is a fundamental limit to the overall resolution in 3-D imaging range laser radar (LADAR). We introduce a new metric, volume of resolution (VOR), and we show from quantum noise considerations, that there is a maximum resolution volume, that can be achieved, for a given set of system parameters. Consequently, there is a direct tradeoff between range resolution and spatial resolution. Thus in a LADAR system, range resolution may be maximized at the expense of spatial image resolution and vice versa. We introduce resolution efficiency, eta(r), as a new figure of merit for LADAR, that describes system resolution under the constraints of a specific design, compared to its optimal resolution performance derived from quantum noise considerations. We analyze how the resolution efficiency could be utilized to improve the resolution performance of a LADAR system. Our analysis could be extended to all LADAR systems, regardless of whether they are flash imaging or scanning laser systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5360-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5437 BP 153 EP + DI 10.1117/12.548077 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAI04 UT WOS:000222349200016 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Megherbi, DB Goodhue, W Kierstead, J AF Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Megherbi, DB Goodhue, W Kierstead, J BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Theoretical modeling of the operational mechanism of a photoconductive MEMS spatial light modulator under AC and DC bias SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recongnition XV CY APR 15-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS; deformable mirrors; spatial light modulator AB This paper analyzes the operation of a new optically addressed deformable mirror device for applications in adaptive optics and optical signal processing. Device operation utilizes a pixellated metallized polymeric membrane mirror supported above an optically addressed photoconductive substrate. A grid of patterned photoresist supports the metallized membrane. A conductive ZnO layer is placed on the backside of the substrate. The device operates as an impedance distribution between two cascaded impedances between the deformable membrane and substrate and the substrate and back electrode. We develop a theoretical model to analyze the deformation as a function of the light intensity and electrical drive. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5360-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5437 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1117/12.548074 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAI04 UT WOS:000222349200030 ER PT S AU Kiel, JL Holwitt, EA Parker, JE Vivekananda, J Franz, V AF Kiel, JL Holwitt, EA Parker, JE Vivekananda, J Franz, V BE Carrano, JC Zukauskas, A TI Nanoparticle-labeled DNA capture elements for detection and identification of biological agents SO OPTICALLY BASED BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING FOR DEFENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optically Based Biological and Chemical Sensing for Defence CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE aptamers; anthrax; shiga toxin; nanoparticles; quantum dots ID NANOCRYSTALS; APTAMERS; GOLD AB Aptamers, synthetic DNA capture elements (DCEs), can be made chemically or in genetically engineered bacteria. DNA capture elements are artificial DNA sequences, from a random pool of sequences, selected for their specific binding to potential biological warfare or terrorism agents. These sequences were selected by an affinity method using filters to which the target agent was attached and the DNA isolated and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an iterative, increasingly stringent, process. The probes can then be conjugated to Quantum Dots and super paramagnetic nanoparticles. The former provide intense, bleach-resistant fluorescent detection of bioagent and the latter provide a means to collect the bioagents with a magnet. The fluorescence can be detected in a flow cytometer, in a fluorescence plate reader, or with a fluorescence microscope. To date, we have made DCEs to Bacillus anthracis spores, Shiga toxin, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) virus, and Francisella tularensis. DCEs can easily distinguish Bacillus anthracis from its nearest relatives, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Development of a high through-put process is currently being investigated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5570-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5617 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.1117/12.566640 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBO70 UT WOS:000226748300037 ER PT J AU Bugna, GC Chanton, JP Kelley, CA Stauffer, TB MacIntyre, WG Libelo, EL AF Bugna, GC Chanton, JP Kelley, CA Stauffer, TB MacIntyre, WG Libelo, EL TI A field test of delta C-13 as a tracer of aerobic hydrocarbon degradation SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; N-ALKANES; GROUNDWATER; DISPERSION AB The controlled release of a mixture simulating jet fuel was conducted to determine the effects of transport and degradation on the delta(13)C of reactants and products in a field setting. Benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylenes, and decane were mixed with native soil and placed 4 m below ground into a surficial aquifer. The delta(13)C values of the hydrocarbons prior to and after emplacement were measured and no significant isotopic fractionation was observed following migration and partial degradation. The delta(13)C values of the compounds within the hydrocarbon mixture prior to addition and following 40 and 164 days in the field ranged from -26.6 to -30.0, -26.3 to -30.4 and -26.5 to -29.4parts per thousand, respectively. Also measured were the concentrations and delta(13)C values of respiration endproducts CO2 and CH4 in groundwater samples prior to and 164, 278, 468, 642 and 831 days after the contamination of the surficial aquifer. Endproduct concentrations were clearly elevated relative to pre-emplacement values indicating microbial respiration of the added hydrocarbon mixture. Isotope mass balance calculations yielded similar PC values for the sum of the respiration products and the added hydrocarbon mixture. Our results indicate that the products of hydrocarbon respiration reflect the delta(13)C of the substrates, and in less controlled contaminated field settings DIC isotopic values may be useful for estimating hydrocarbon degradation when DIC up-gradient of the spill has a delta(13)C value different from that of the contaminants. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. AF Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Chanton, JP (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jchanton@mailer.fsu.edu RI Kelley, Cheryl/K-9392-2015 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.10.004 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 770BK UT WOS:000188703200003 ER PT S AU Hopper, DG AF Hopper, DG BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Display science and technology for defense and security SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices VII CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE display science and technology; defense and security applications; organic light emitting materials and devices ID HUMAN VISUAL-SYSTEM; CAPABILITY AB The defense display science and technology (S&T) program must address problems facing warfighters that the commercial world will not. These problems require the creation of revolutionary display materials and devices, and the invention of visual system technologies. Breakthroughs needed in display technology for defense and security personnel may be organized into the following technical challenge areas: ultraresolution 25 megapixel devices and 300 megapixel systems (wall display systems at monitor pixel density), flexible plastic rollup displays (ultra-compact form factor when not in use), sparse data true-3D monitors (phosphors embedded in special polymer host matrices), virtual image and head mounted systems, wireless wearable video displays with ultra low weight and volume (including batteries), and intelligent displays with embedded chips providing integrated computing and communications functionalities. Organic photonics and electronics are central to the progress in these S&T challenge areas: significant materials progress is required to enable the display device capabilities required. These challenges and the results of a Department of Defense (DoD) Special Technology Area Review (STAR) on Displays are reviewed. A top-level roadmap is provided to summarize the defense and security ST strategy. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hopper, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5087-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5214 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.515109 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BY77G UT WOS:000189459500001 ER PT J AU Brietzke, SE Mair, EA AF Brietzke, SE Mair, EA TI Injection snoreplasty: Investigation of alternative sclerotherapy agents SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM TETRADECYL SULFATE; VENOUS MALFORMATIONS; SCLEROSING AGENTS; HEMANGIOMAS; SOTRADECOL; NECK; HEAD AB OBJECTIVE: Palatal sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate ("injection snoreplasty") was recently introduced as a safe and effective treatment for primary snoring. However, multiple other sclerotherapy agents also have excellent safety records and documented efficacy in the head and neck. Widely available and inexpensive agents were evaluated as potential palatal sclerosing agents for the treatment of snoring. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A described canine palatal flutter model was used to evaluate the palatal stiffening efficacy of ethanol, doxycycline, and hypertonic saline in comparison to 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) and a negative control (normal saline). Based on the animal study results, a human pilot study with ethanol was performed with subjective and objective data. RESULTS: Ethanol was found to be equally effective as 3% STS in the canine model. Doxycycline was effective but less so, and hypertonic saline was comparatively ineffective. Palatal injection in human patients with 50% ethanol was found to produce equivalent subjective and objective snoring efficacy and equivalent pain and recovery time compared with 3% STS. However, there was a higher rate of transient palatal fistula with ethanol. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Injection snoreplasty with 50% ethanol is equally efficacious compared with 3% STS. There could be a higher fistula rate with the use of ethanol, although this complication has been self-limited and transient in every case. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Wilford Hall,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.08.004 PG 11 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 770AY UT WOS:000188702000005 PM 14726910 ER PT B AU Koziarz, WA Pryk, ZJ AF Koziarz, WA Pryk, ZJ BE Arabnia, HR TI Kalman filter based multi-GigaFLOP streaming video depth estimator SO PDPTA '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB The streaming video processing architecture presented in [1] has been enhanced to take advantage of SMP capable nodes. The code has been restructured to make efficient use of the multi-processor nodes. Functions have been extensively-modified to make use of POSIX threads in those critical sections of code determined to be amenable to such modifications without degrading overall performance. These added thread enhancements have allowed the end-to-end performance of the aggregate system to improve by a factor of two. A description of the modifications to the original code, and the results achieved are presented in this paper. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Koziarz, WA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, 26 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-26-2 PY 2004 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBJ53 UT WOS:000225819600005 ER PT J AU Dotzler, SA Digeronimo, RJ Yoder, BA Siler-Khodr, TM AF Dotzler, SA Digeronimo, RJ Yoder, BA Siler-Khodr, TM TI Distribution of corticotropin releasing hormone in the fetus, newborn, juvenile, and adult baboon SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOREACTIVE CORTICOTROPIN; MESSENGER-RNA; ADRENAL-MEDULLA; HUMAN-PLACENTA; FETAL LUNG; EXPRESSION; SECRETION; PEPTIDE; CELLS; GENE AB Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) has previously been identified in extrahypothalamic tissues and may act in a paracrine fashion within these tissues. To date, CRH production and its role in the fetus and newborn have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the distribution and ontogeny of CRH in extrahypothalamic tissues of the fetus, newborn, juvenile, and adult baboon. Pituitary, adrenal, kidney, liver, and lung tissues from baboons at 125 d gestation, 140 d gestation, 185 d gestation (term), juveniles, and adults were obtained at necropsy. The tissues were quantified for protein and immunoreactive CRH was determined by a RIA. CRH levels were normalized to the protein content of each tissue. CRH was present in all tissues and varied over a 100-fold range according to tissue type. The highest concentration of CRH was found in the pituitary, which did not differ with the gestation and/or age of the animal. In the lung tissues of 125- and 140-d gestation animals, CRH was greater than the term, juvenile, and adult lung (p < 0.02). CRH in the adrenal gland of the 125-d samples was greater than the other four ages tested (p < 0.02). Liver CRH levels were higher in the term animals compared with the juvenile baboons. Our study documents the existence of CRH in extrahypothalamic tissues of the baboon from 125 d of gestation to adulthood. Given its presence and distribution, we speculate that CRH may exert ongoing paracrine and/or autocrine actions in these tissues from the time of intrauterine life throughout adulthood. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Dotzler, SA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL52636-06] NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 55 IS 1 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000100460.00639.F4 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 756UN UT WOS:000187502400017 PM 14605257 ER PT J AU Bothwell, DN Cable, BB Mair, EA AF Bothwell, DN Cable, BB Mair, EA TI Zinc pennies in the esophagus - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID FOREIGN-BODY; INGESTION C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Bothwell, DN (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 1 BP 176 EP 177 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 762XX UT WOS:000188010600062 ER PT J AU Woodward, C Rao, SI AF Woodward, C Rao, SI TI Ab-initio simulation of (a/2)< 110] screw dislocations in gamma-TiAl SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC ELASTICITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CORE STRUCTURE; YIELD-STRESS; CROSS-SLIP; BCC METALS; DEFORMATION; TRANSITION AB The equilibrium core structure of an isolated (a/2) (110]{111} screw dislocation is calculated using a first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method within the local-density approximation of the density functional theory. In this work the local dislocation strain field is self-consistently coupled to the long-range elastic field using a flexible-boundary condition method. This ab-initio adaptation of the Green's function boundary condition method makes it possible to simulate the dislocation in a very small periodic cell without compromising the fidelity of the final core configuration. Supercells of 210, 288 and 420 atoms are used to evaluate the local screw and edge displacements of a straight (a/2)(110] {111} screw dislocation in gamma-TiAl. The predicted dislocation core is nonplanar with significant portions of the dislocation core spread on conjugate {111} glide planes. The nonplanar character of the dislocation core suggests that the dislocation is sessile and would readily glide on either of two {111} slip planes. The dislocation core also produces small but significant edge components that are expected to interact strongly with non-glide (e.g. Escaig) stresses, producing significant non-Schmid behaviour. Preliminary estimates of the lattice frictional stress for a pure (111) shear stress are in the range of 0.01 mu, where mu is the shear modulus. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.woodward@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 84 IS 3-5 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1080/14786430310001611626 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 769XF UT WOS:000188687800011 ER PT S AU Zetts, JS AF Zetts, JS BE Taylor, EW TI Investigation of poling dynamics for multilayer polymer electro-opfic materials SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB An analysis is presented of the charge dynamics involved in the poling of electro-optic polymer multi-layer materials. Specifically addressed are the electrical properties of the cladding layers in comparison to those of the active core layer which lead to the largest protection against premature dielectric breakdown during poling, the largest fraction of the applied DC poling field falling across the core during poling, and the largest fraction of the applied AC filed during modulation. Also presented is an in-depth analysis of the voltage-divider effect and the relative merits of conductive versus regular claddings for achieving efficient poling and minimal optical loss. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zetts, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5492-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5554 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.562056 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBI18 UT WOS:000225599700001 ER PT S AU Saleh, MA Cook, G Guha, S Banerjee, PP Evans, DR AF Saleh, MA Cook, G Guha, S Banerjee, PP Evans, DR BE Yu, FTS Guo, R Yin, S TI Self-pumped contra-directional two-beam coupling in a photorefractive material using beam propagation simulation SO PHOTOREFRACTIVE FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: MATERIALS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices - Materials, Optical Properties and Applications X CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE photorefractive; photovoltaic; counter-propagating; two-beam coupling; beam-propagation; bidirectional BPM; Shooting method ID DOPED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; KNBO3 AB By using split-step beam propagation method, self-pumped contra-directional two-beam coupling is simulated in a photorefractive medium for arbitrary shaped beams. The simulation shows a positive influence of the photovoltaic effect on the two-beam coupling efficiency, in agreement with published experimental observations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saleh, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldg 651,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5498-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5560 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.562040 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BBN56 UT WOS:000226283400004 ER PT J AU Brown, GJ Houston, S Smulowicz, F AF Brown, GJ Houston, S Smulowicz, F TI Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detectors SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE type-II superlattice; InAs/InGaSb; infrared detectors; photodiodes ID INAS/INXGA1-XSB SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SECULAR EQUATION; SEMICONDUCTOR AB Type-II superlattices (SLs) can be designed for semiconductor band gaps as large as 400 meV down to semimetallic. This flexibility in design makes them an excellent candidate for infrared photodiodes with cut-off wavelengths beyond 15 mum. There are relatively few options for high-performance infrared detectors to cover wavelengths longer than 15 mum, especially for operating temperatures above 15 K. In the past few years, excellent results have been obtained on photoconductive and photodiode samples designed for infrared detection in the very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) range ( gimel > 15 mum). There is a variety of possible designs for these SLs which will produce the same narrow band gap by adjusting individual layer thicknesses, or indium, content, in the InGaSb layer. Several of these different design options have been grown and characterized. These designs often require monolayer control per layer over hundreds of repeats in the SL. Photoresponse spectra for type-II SLs are compared to show how the design choices not only change the band gap but also the band structure, as reflected in features observed in the spectra. Theoretical modeling results are used to interpret the photoresponse spectra. SLs with cut-off wavelengths ranging from 15 to 25 mum are covered. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gail.brown@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.061 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200057 ER PT J AU Wu, X Averett, KL Maimon, S Koch, MW Wicks, GW AF Wu, X Averett, KL Maimon, S Koch, MW Wicks, GW TI Physical processes of current gain in InAs bipolar junction transistors SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE bipolar transistors; current gain; injection efficiency; base transport factor; minority carrier diffusion ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY AB InAs bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), grown by molecular beam epitaxy, are reported with common emitter current gains (beta's) as large as 400. The factors affecting the common emitter current gain have been studied by estimating the magnitudes of the base transport factor (alpha(T)) and emitter injection efficiency (gamma). This has been accomplished by studying a sequence of InAs BJTs with varying emitter doping densities, N-E. Minority carrier diffusion length in the base (L-B), alpha(T), and gamma have been extracted from measured electrical characteristics. The results of the study of these InAs BJTs are as follows: L-B approximate to 0.4 mum, alpha(T) 98% and gamma ranges from 92% to nearly 100% depending on N-E. This knowledge of the magnitudes of the injection efficiencies suggests when it would be useful to move from the simple BJT structure to the more advanced heterejunction bipolar transistor (HBT) structure. Lower gamma BJTs would be improved, however high-gamma BJTs would benefit little, by the use of the widegap emitters of HBTs. The method developed here to estimate gamma, alpha(T) and L-B is not specific to InAs BJTs, but should be useful for study of BJTs and HBTs in any material system. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM xhwu@optics.rochester.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.069 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200065 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Grazuhs, L Mahalingam, K Tomich, DH AF Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Grazuhs, L Mahalingam, K Tomich, DH TI Optimization of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for high performance of photodetectors SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL UNIV BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NEW YORK HO UNIV BUFFALO DE molecular beam epitaxy; superlattices; antimonides; infrared detectors; semiconductor devices ID DETECTORS AB The optimum growth conditions and strain balancing processes have been studied using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown 51 Angstrom InAs/40 Angstrom GaSb type-II superlattices (SLs) designed to have cut-off wavelength of 10 mum. The most dominant factor in reducing the defect level in the SL structure was buffer growth temperature evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. In the study of the strain balancing process, the SLs could be lattice matched to the GaSb substrate by increasing the thickness of the InSb interfaces (IFs) from a nominal value of 1.0 to 1.4 ML, however, the structural quality degraded dramatically when the thickness of IFs reached beyond similar to1.0 ML. By optimizing the growth condition and MBE shutter sequences, micron thick InAs/GaSb SLs with a reduced lattice mismatch were routinely obtained with the full-width half-maximum of 18 arcsec, and the root mean square values of surface roughness of 2 Angstrom in 5 mum area scan of atomic force microscopy demonstrating high quality. Correlation between material quality and photoresponse signal strength in photoconductivity measurements was made on SL samples with cut-off wavelength on the order of 10 mum. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.afrl.mil NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 527 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.09.003 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 768VF UT WOS:000188555200069 ER PT J AU Ehlerding, A Hellberg, F Thomas, R Kalhori, S Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Larsson, M af Ugglas, M AF Ehlerding, A Hellberg, F Thomas, R Kalhori, S Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Larsson, M af Ugglas, M TI Dissociative recombination of C2H+ and C2H4+: Absolute cross sections and product branching ratios SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION STORAGE-RINGS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; MOLECULAR ION; CHEMISTRY; CLOUDS AB Dissociative recombination (DR) of the hydrocarbon ions C2H+ and C2H4+ has been examined at the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING (Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden). Absolute DR cross sections were measured for center-of-mass collision energies between 1 meV and 0.1 eV for both ions, giving cross sections at 1 meV of 7.6x10(-13) cm(2) for C2H+ and 1.7x10(-12) cm(2) for C2H4+. The dissociative recombination branching ratios were determined at minimal collision energy, showing that the carbon bond is broken in 57% of the dissociative recombination events for C2H+, while this happens in only 7% of the events for C2H4+. In the case of C2H4+, three-particle breakup into C2H2 and 2H is the dominant product channel with a branching ratio of 66%. The present results are compared with previous DR measurements made at CRYRING for DR of C2H2+ and C2H3+. C1 Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Manne Siegbahn Lab, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Ehlerding, A (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 5 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1039/b314882c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 778JL UT WOS:000189236000014 ER PT J AU Scheck, C Liu, YK Evans, P Schad, R Bowers, A Zangari, G Williams, JR Issacs-Smith, TF AF Scheck, C Liu, YK Evans, P Schad, R Bowers, A Zangari, G Williams, JR Issacs-Smith, TF TI Photoinduced electrochemical deposition of Cu on p-type Si substrates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED METAL-DEPOSITION; COPPER DEPOSITION; SILICON; ELECTRODEPOSITION; RESOLUTION; ROUGHNESS; PATTERNS; SURFACES; FILMS; GAAS AB The process of photoinduced electrochemical deposition of Cu structures on p-type Si substrates by local illumination with a focused laser beam is studied. The lateral dimensions of the structures formed are found to decrease with reduced laser wavelength or intensity but are independent of the duration of the illumination. Shorter minority carrier lifetimes in the semiconductor substrate lead to a further reduction of structure dimensions. The effect of spontaneous background precipitation on the Si surface is studied as a function of solution composition. The optical reflectivity can be related to the fractal surface roughness. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Space Res Inst, Leach Sci Ctr 231, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, POB 870209, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM rschad@bama.ua.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 035334 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.035334 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 773EB UT WOS:000188883800078 ER PT J AU Basun, SA Razdobarin, AG Sochava, LS Evans, DR AF Basun, SA Razdobarin, AG Sochava, LS Evans, DR TI Optical alignment of Cu2+ axial centers in KTaO3: Spectral dependence of the effect SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article ID COPPER CENTERS; CRYSTALS; FIELD AB The Cu-Ta(2+)-V-O axial centers in crystalline KTaO3 were found to undergo alignment under the action of polarized light. The sign of the effect is shown to change depending on the wavelength of the aligning light. A parallel study of the spectral response of photoconductivity of the same samples led to the conclusion that the alignment of the copper centers is driven not by reorientation but rather by an anisotropic recharging of the centers, which involves both the conduction and valence bands of the crystal. This interpretation was supported by a study of the kinetics of thermal destruction of the copper center alignment. (C) 2004 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Basun, SA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya Ul 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM Lev.Sochava@pop.ioffe.rssi.ru NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1134/1.1649421 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 773VW UT WOS:000188945600011 ER PT S AU Radloff, C Vaia, RA Brunton, J Ward, V Kalmakoff, J Dokland, T AF Radloff, C Vaia, RA Brunton, J Ward, V Kalmakoff, J Dokland, T BE Halas, NJ Huser, TR TI Bio-scaffolds for metal nanostructures SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE plasmon; plasmonics; virus; bio-scaffold; nanoshell ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; GOLD NANOSHELLS; SILVER NANOPARTICLE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PROTEIN; CLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALS; IRIDOVIRUSES; SPECTROSCOPY AB The use of virus nanoparticles, specifically Chilo and Wiseana Iridovirus, as core substrates in the fabrication of metallodielectric, plasmonic nanostructures is discussed. A gold shell is assembled around the viral core by attaching small, 2 - 5 nm, gold nanoparticles to the virus surface by means of inherent chemical functionality found within the protein cage structure of the viral capsid. These gold nanoparticles act as nucleation sites for electroless deposition of gold ions from solution. The density of the gold nucleation sites on the virus was maximized by reducing the repulsive forces between the gold particles, which was accompolished by controlling the ionic strength of the nanoparticle solution. UV/Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to verify creation of the virus-Au particles. The optical extinction spectra of the metallo-viral complex were compared to Mie scattering theory and found to be in quantitative agreement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5450-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5512 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.559811 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG44 UT WOS:000225433900007 ER PT S AU Duggin, MJ AF Duggin, MJ BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Factors controlling discrimination in imaging polarimetry SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing VI CY APR 15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID RADIANCE; TARGETS AB The discrimination of scene elements in polarimetric and in non-polarimetric images is governed by both environmental and instrumental factors. These factors consist of systematic elements, which are dealt with by means of appropriate calibration, and random errors. In the case of imaging polarimetry, the Stokes parameter images are calculated from images obtained with orthogonal orientations of the linear polarizer about the optic axis. For the Stokes images to contain significant information, the orthogonal, registered image pair from which the Stokes images S-1 and S-2 are calculated must be significantly different. Misregistration of the orthogonal input images also impacts the correlation of the resulting Stokes image to scene elements. The system MTF, sampling pattern and geometry further impact the discrimination of features in the scene. These factors are discussed. The effects of systematic and random error sources on resolved target discriminability from clutter background is considered in depth. While the issue of spatially unresolved target detection is considered, it does not form a major component of this discussion. The intent of these considerations of the physics and phenomenology of imaging polarimetry is to progress towards the predictive modeling of target discriminability. This will aid in sensor design and mission parameter optimization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duggin, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5355-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5432 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.543952 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAS62 UT WOS:000223370100005 ER PT S AU Goldstein, DH Cox, JL AF Goldstein, DH Cox, JL BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Spectropolarimetric properties of vegetation SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing VI CY APR 15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE polarimetry; spectropolarimetry; Mueller matrices; reflectance; vegetation ID EFFECTIVE OPTICAL CONSTANTS; MUELLER MATRIX; LEAVES; LIGHT; POLARIMETER; REFLECTANCE; LEAF AB Optical properties of vegetation materials are described. Spectral measurements of reflectance and Mueller matrices in the near infrared are given. The measurement method is discussed, and results are presented for a variety of plant material. Samples include both green leaves and bark. Measured results are compared to published results where possible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Goldstein, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5355-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5432 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.546808 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAS62 UT WOS:000223370100006 ER PT S AU Duggin, MJ Cabot, ER AF Duggin, MJ Cabot, ER BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI The impact of clutter variance on feature discrimination in imaging polarimetry SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing VI CY APR 15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID RADIANCE; TARGETS AB The automated, or semi-automated analysis of scene elements in a clutter background is more complex in polarimetric imaging than in conventional imaging. This is largely due to the fact that misregistration of the orthogonal images used to calculate the Stokes parameter images introduces an artificial clutter. Further, there is little reported information on polarimetric image clutter. We present representative findings from an analysis of polarimetric image data, obtained over various backgrounds with various geometries, and examine the manner in which systematic and random variations impact feature discrimination. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duggin, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5355-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5432 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.543960 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAS62 UT WOS:000223370100008 ER PT S AU Duggin, MJ AF Duggin, MJ BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Factors controlling the manual and automated extraction of image information using imaging polarimetry SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing VI CY APR 15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID DISCRIMINATION; RADIANCE; TARGETS; LIGHT AB The factors governing the extraction of useful information from polarimetric images depend upon the image acquisition and analytical methodologies being used, and upon systematic and environmental variations present during the acquisition process. The acquisition process generally occurs with foreknowledge of the analysis to be used. Broadly, interactive image analysis and automated image analysis are two different procedures: in each case, there are technical challenges. Imaging polarimetry is more complex than other imaging methodologies, and produces an increased dimensionality. However, there are several potential broad areas of interactive (manual) and automated remote sensing in which imaging polarimetry can provide useful additional information. A review is presented of the factors controlling feature discrimination, of metrics that are used, and of some proposed directions for future research. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duggin, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5355-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5432 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.543961 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAS62 UT WOS:000223370100009 ER PT J AU Carrese, P AF Carrese, P TI Montesquieu's complex natural right and moderate liberalism: The roots of American moderation SO POLITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Political-Science-Association CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Polit Sci Assoc ID POLITICS AB The diversity in twentieth-century scholarship on Montesquieu's The Spirit of Laws helps to confirm his own appreciation for complexity, synthesis, and balance in both political theory and practice. This is the overlooked meaning of "moderation," the key to his labyrinthine masterwork. His liberalism sought to capture the multiple dimensions of politics and the equilibrium, or moderation, in nature and human nature. Moderation informs his constitutionalism of balanced powers but also a natural right encompassing individual interest and humane sympathy for fellows. Reading the entire work, as Montesquieu requests, reveals that moderation and complexity provide its very plan and coherence-from its title, to its six-part structure, to its balancing of philosophy with humane letters. His natural right emphasizes tranquillity and political moderation, tempering modern liberalism with classical and medieval elements. Montesquieu's synthesis of such alternatives, and of the individual and social dimensions of our nature, also lends perspective on recent liberal theory and its critics. Both Rawlsian and communitarian concerns are better served by a tradition of theory that comprehends both, and which better captures the complexity of American political thought. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carrese, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM paul.carrese@usafa.edu NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU NORTHEASTERN POL SCIENCE ASSN PI AMHERST PA WHITMORE HALL, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA SN 0032-3497 J9 POLITY JI Polity PD JAN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2 BP 227 EP 250 PG 24 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 809EN UT WOS:000220620100004 ER PT J AU Park, SY Koerner, H Putthanarat, S Ozisik, R Juhl, S Farmer, BL Eby, RK AF Park, SY Koerner, H Putthanarat, S Ozisik, R Juhl, S Farmer, BL Eby, RK TI Structure of poly (p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBZO) and poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBZT) for proton exchange membranes (PEMs) in fuel cells SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE PBZO; PBZT; PEMs ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; DISORDER; FILM AB The structures of membranes of PBZO and PBZT extruded with counter rotating dies (CRD) were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy (AFM, SEM, and TEM). The structure of CRD-extruded PBZO was compared with that of a solution-cast membrane. The extruded membranes have sheet structures typical of rigid-rod polymers. The heterocyclic rings of the extruded membranes are oriented approximately parallel to the membrane surface, while those of the cast membrane are oriented perpendicular to the surface. The parallel orientation of the rings of the extruded membranes may be due to the normal force exerted during extrusion. The polymer molecules near the surfaces of the extruded membranes are oriented along the shear directions of the extruder, while those in the middle are oriented randomly. There is little cholesteric nature. These materials have potential as microporous PEMs holding ion conducting polymers (ICPs). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept & Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmetall Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept & Inst Polymer Sci, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM reby@uakron.edu RI Ozisik, Rahmi/M-3736-2016 OI Ozisik, Rahmi/0000-0002-8936-5158 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.10.033 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 760HX UT WOS:000187806500008 ER PT J AU Yang, B Mignolet, MP Spottswood, SM AF Yang, B Mignolet, MP Spottswood, SM TI Modeling of damage accumulation for Duffing-type systems under severe random excitations SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Stochastic Mechanics CY JUN 09-SEP 12, 2002 CL Corfu, GREECE DE fatigue life; aircraft panels; Duffing equations; buckled panels; peaks distribution ID FATIGUE; PANELS AB The focus of this investigation is on the prediction of the fatigue life of aircraft panels subjected to thermal effects and a severe random acoustic excitation. The prototypical equations for this problem, i.e. the single and double well Duffing oscillators subjected to a bandlimited white noise, are first considered. A review of some currently available approaches, i.e. the Rayleigh approximation and the single spectral moment method both with and without Gaussianity correction, strongly suggests that an accurate prediction of the fatigue life for this nonlinear system requires a dedicated model. To this end, an approximation of the probability density function of the peaks of the stationary response of the Duffing oscillators is derived. This model is then used in conjunction with either a narrowband assumption or the single spectral moment methodology to yield a prediction of the fatigue life. The application of this approach to simulation data from both single and double well Duffing oscillators, as well as on the experimental response of an unbuckled panel, demonstrates the reliability of this novel approximation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mignolet, MP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM marc.mignolet@asu.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD JAN-APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2003.11.015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 800ZW UT WOS:000220067200018 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Porter, A AF Pachter, M Porter, A GP acc TI Bearings-only measurements for ins aiding: The three-dimensional case SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB The theory behind Inertial Navigation System (INS) aiding using passive, bearings-only measurements of an unknown ground object is developed. Passive, bearings-only measurements provide an effective means to aid an INS, but only the two-dimensional case was previously considered. This paper addresses the complexities of moving from two-dimensional to three-dimensional space. Stand-alone, bearings-only measurements of an unknown ground object are shown to yield estimates of the aircraft's aerodynamic angles, viz., the angle of attack and sideslip angle, which in turn are used to aid the INS. Using the synergy of INS state and passive, bearings-only measurements, a powerful navigation algorithm is developed. C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-8335-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2004 BP 5363 EP 5368 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BBC09 UT WOS:000224688300910 ER PT B AU Corner, JJ Lamont, GB AF Corner, JJ Lamont, GB BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Parallel simulation of UAV swarm scenarios SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The concept of operations for a micro-UAV system is adopted from nature from the appearance of flocking birds, movement of a school of fish, and swarming bees among others. This "emergent behavior" is the aggregate result of many simple interactions occurring within the flock, school, or swarm. Exploration of this emergent behavior in a swarm is accomplished through a high performance computing parallel discrete event simulation. After design of the system, several experiments are designed, tested, and analyzed for efficiency and effectiveness. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Corner, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 355 EP 363 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600042 ER PT B AU Sriver, TA Chrissis, JW AF Sriver, TA Chrissis, JW BE Ingalls, RG Rossetti, MD Smith, JS Peters, BA TI Combined pattern search and ranking and selection for simulation optimization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2004 CY DEC 05-08, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE, Comp soc, IEEE, SMC, IIE, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB A new algorithm class is presented for optimization of stochastic simulation models. The algorithms, which combine generalized pattern search (GPS) with ranking and selection (R&S), require "black-box" simulation evaluations and are applicable to problems with mixed variables (continuous, discrete numeric, and categorical). Implementation of the Mixed-variable Generalized Pattern Search with Ranking and Selection (MGPS-RS) algorithm with three different R&S procedures is demonstrated and tested on a small set of standard test functions. Results of this preliminary performance evaluation are summarized and compared with existing search methods. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Todd.Sriver@afit.edu; James.Chrissis@afit.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8786-4 PY 2004 BP 645 EP 653 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BBO57 UT WOS:000226725600078 ER PT B AU O'Loughlin, JP AF O'Loughlin, JP GP IEEE TI Improved inverter transformer winding design for high-current low-voltage rectifier applications SO Proceedings of the 26th International Power Modulator Symposium and 2004 High Voltage Workshop, Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB High-frequency fast-recovery rectifiers have limited maximum current ratings; this requires parallel circuits for high-current high-frequency applications. To ensure good current sharing, it is advantageous to use separate transformer windings for each rectifier set. Each section should be as closely matched as possible. An improved winding design consists of a simplified coil with multiple secondaries for inverter transformers used in low-voltage high-current rectifier applications. Since the forward drop of a rectifier is significant in relation to outputs of only a few volts, the preferred configuration, for efficiency reasons, is a center-tapped winding. This configuration imposes only one forward drop of the rectifier compared to two forward drops in a bridge circuit. The coil design uses foil conductors and provides multiple parallel secondary windings for the purpose of controlling skin-effect losses, improving the winding space factor, improving the heat transfer, and providing coil designs that are simple and economic to manufacture. In addition, the configuration provides matched and balanced coupling and leakage inductance for each secondary section. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP O'Loughlin, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8586-1 PY 2004 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBZ41 UT WOS:000228358100040 ER PT S AU Jata, KV Subramanian, PR Reynolds, AP Trapp, T Helder, E AF Jata, KV Subramanian, PR Reynolds, AP Trapp, T Helder, E BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Knapp, RH TI Friction stir welding of titanium alloys for aerospace applications: microstructure and mechanical behavior SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH (2004) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Toulon, FRANCE SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE friction stir welding; titanium alloys; tensile properties; fatigue crack growth AB Unlike aluminum alloys ("soft" alloys) friction stir welding (FSW) of Ti and Ni alloys ("hard' alloys) require high temperature alloy tools that can withstand high heat outputs and special procedures such as inert environment enclosure and coolants to manage thermal excursions experienced by the tooling. This paper presents a general overview of the feasibility studies of friction stir welding (FSW) of Ti alloys conducted by Air Force in-house researchers as well as by the authors under the AF Metals Affordability Initiative sponsorship. alpha, beta, alpha/beta Ti alloys as well as dissimilar Ti alloys were FS welded using various tools specially selected for FS joining of Ti. Results show high residual stresses and some degradation in the tensile elongation and fatigue crack growth rates in the weld. The starting alloy could be either in as-received condition or solution heat-treated or annealed condition. Postweld heat treatments were employed to regain properties in some welds. The challenge is to find methods to apply the coupon-research findings to component level where slightest distortion cannot be tolerated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jata, KV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-62-1 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2004 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAV50 UT WOS:000223784300004 ER PT S AU Zulch, P Davis, M Adzima, L Hancock, R Theis, S AF Zulch, P Davis, M Adzima, L Hancock, R Theis, S GP IEEE TI The earth rotation effect on a LEO l-band GMTI SBR and mitigation strategies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB Space Based Radars (SBR) have been used to accomplish a number of civilian and military missions. Most recently, SBR concepts are being considered to perform ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar modes. Unlike airborne surveillance platforms, SBR clutter returns are affected by the high satellite velocity and Earth rotation. The phenomenology of the Earth's rotation, and its impact on clutter Doppler returns, will be discussed for a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) L-band radar concept. The Air Force's Research Laboratory Space Time Adaptive Processing Too] (RLSTAP) high fidelity Radar modeling tool is used to provide simulated data in order to demonstrate the Earth rotation effects, and resulting clutter rejection impact on slow moving target detection. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Zulch, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. EM peter.zulch@rl.af.mil; mark.davis@rl.af.mil; adzimal@rl.af.mil; bob@caesoft.biz; sidtheis@caesoft.biz NR 7 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2004 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316390 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200006 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JT Hale, TB AF Caldwell, JT Hale, TB GP IEEE TI Space-time adaptive processing for forward looking arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc ID RADAR AB This paper applies Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) to forward looking arrays. Traditionally, STAP research provides results for a sidelooking array where a linear relationship exists between clutter Doppler and azimuth sine. This relationship does not hold in the forward looking case. Additionally, mainbeam clutter in the sidelooking boresight case is range independent and, consequently, the clutter notch is always at zero hertz. In contrast, mainbeam clutter is range dependent in the forward looking case, resulting in multiple clutter notches for range ambiguous clutter. This range dependency corrupts the independent, identically distributed assumption required for the samples used in covariance estimation. The assumption can still be applied for a small data set, e.g., small range extent. Therefore, partially adaptive techniques with fewer Degrees of Freedom and correspondingly smaller sample support requirements must be used. Results are presented in the form of clutter Power Spectral Density, Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio, Improvement Factor, antenna patterns, and Detection Probability. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Caldwell, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2004 BP 514 EP 519 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316478 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200093 ER PT S AU Luminati, JE Hale, TB AF Luminati, JE Hale, TB GP IEEE TI Steering vector mismatch: Analysis and reduction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB In adaptive radar systems, optimal processing for target detection is only possible when the target location in angle and doppler is used to build the processing filter. When this location is not exact, losses occur. These losses translate into a reduction in detection probability. After development of analytical expressions to quantify the effects of this mismatch, two techniques are examined for reducing these effects. These techniques are tested against losses due to doppler mismatch. The first technique involves the use of temporal windows and reduces mismatch losses at the expense of reducing the overall Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of the target. The second technique involves the use of additional filters, and achieves a reduction in mismatch losses without sacrificing maximum SINR. A brief overview of the problems associated with multidimensional (angle and doppler) mismatch is also presented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Luminati, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2004 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316495 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200109 ER PT S AU Smith, BE Hale, TB AF Smith, BE Hale, TB GP IEEE TI An analysis of the effects of windowing on selected STAP algorithms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc ID ADAPTIVE RADAR AB This work analyzes the effects of common data windows on STAP algorithms and the non-adaptive signal match processor. The windows are applied both to temporal and spatial dimensions. With the exception of factored approaches, it is shown that STAP algorithm performance decreases when windows are applied. Finally, a Monte Carlo analysis of Probability of Detection is performed on the best windowed/nonwindowed combination from each technique evaluated. Because the covariance must be estimated, the results demonstrate that the windowed non-adaptive signal match processor can outperform partially adaptive STAP methods at normalized doppler between 0.25 to 0.75, while partially adaptive STAP algorithms perform significantly better than the windowed signal match processor closer to the clutter normalized doppler. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, BE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2004 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316496 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200110 ER PT S AU Corbell, PM Hale, TB AF Corbell, PM Hale, TB GP IEEE TI 3-dimensional STAP performance analysis using the cross-spectral metric SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2004 IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 26-29, 2004 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE Philadelphia Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc AB Research done in recent years has clearly demonstrated large improvements in clutter suppression and target detection by including elevation adaptivity, otherwise described as 3-Dimensional (3D) STAR This paper will further quantify the performance gains garnered by 3D STAP by fixing the Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) and varying the array dimensions, to include the equivalently sized linear array. The focus is placed on performance bounds established by matched filter and 3D Cross Spectral Metric (CSM) SINR curves generated with known covariances. The mathematical extension of the CSM from 2D to 3D is shown to be straightforward, thus allowing the CSM to serve as a partially adaptive performance bound for eigenvalue-selection based 3D STAP algorithms. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Corbell, PM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2004 BP 610 EP 615 DI 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316498 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAE91 UT WOS:000221923200112 ER PT B AU Lyon, DR Gunzelmann, G Gluck, KA AF Lyon, DR Gunzelmann, G Gluck, KA BE Lovett, M Schunn, C Lebiere, C Munro, P TI Emulating a visuospatial memory field using ACT-R SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2004 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, USA Res Lab, CMU Psychol, MicroAnalysis & Design, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res, Univ Pittsburgh, LRDC HO Carnegie Mellon Univ ID LOCATIONAL REPRESENTATION; IMAGERY; TASK C1 USAF, Res Lab, Commun L3, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5426-6 PY 2004 BP 368 EP 369 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Psychology GA BAW01 UT WOS:000223860100073 ER PT B AU Brown, R Genello, J Lynch, D Norgard, J Wicks, M Kapfer, R Amuso, V AF Brown, R Genello, J Lynch, D Norgard, J Wicks, M Kapfer, R Amuso, V BE Slob, EC Yarovoy, A Rhebergen, J TI System survey of deep penetrating radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2004) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP TU Delft, Int Res Ctr Telecommun & Radar, TU Delft, Ctr Tech Geosci, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, TNO-FEL, Geophys Sur Syst Inc, 3D Radar-AS, Allied Assoc, Ingegneria Sistemi-SPA, Mala Geosci, Radar Syst Inc, Roadscanners, Sensors & Software, T& A Survey HO Delft Univ Technol DE deep-penetrating radar; sub-surface radiators; buried-objects; buried facilities; SAR; GPR; RCS; system survey AB In this paper, trade-offs associated with critical issues involved with ground penetrating radar (GPR) techniques are addressed. The proliferation of sub-surface sanctuaries has increased the need for remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new concept is proposed to use a sub-surface radiator, delivered as an earth penetrating non-explosive, electronic "e-bomb", as the source of transmission for GPR experiments using ground contact or airborne receivers. The goal is to achieve improved sub-surface surveillance characteristics of buried objects. Three-dimensional imaging techniques for deeply buried targets are developed based on two-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collection techniques. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Brown, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ19 UT WOS:000225736800043 ER PT B AU Norgard, J Musellman, R Bracken, J Brown, R Genello, J Lynch, D VanDamme, J Wicks, M AF Norgard, J Musellman, R Bracken, J Brown, R Genello, J Lynch, D VanDamme, J Wicks, M BE Slob, EC Yarovoy, A Rhebergen, J TI Surveillance of strategic sub-surface sanctuaries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2004) CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP TU Delft, Int Res Ctr Telecommun & Radar, TU Delft, Ctr Tech Geosci, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, TNO-FEL, Geophys Sur Syst Inc, 3D Radar-AS, Allied Assoc, Ingegneria Sistemi-SPA, Mala Geosci, Radar Syst Inc, Roadscanners, Sensors & Software, T& A Survey HO Delft Univ Technol DE sub-surface sancturaries; buried-objects; SAR; GPR; RCS; planar bowtie antennas AB Electromagnetic (EM) imaging techniques are being developed to survey strategic subsurface sanctuaries. The overall goal of this study is to develop and demonstrate techniques for sub-surface profiling from ground based and/or airborne (or even space) platforms. This surveillance scheme combines and utilizes bistatic RCS measurement techniques, broadband GPR antenna technologies, and far-field SAR remote sensing techniques. The combined RCS/GPR/SAR surveillance technique is used to extract target signatures concealed in measured RCS data and to remove thermal nose and ground clutter at the earth/air interface from the SAR data. The combined RCS/GPR/SAR surveillance process utilizes ground contact and airborne transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) antennas. Small, but efficient, ultra-wideband (100:1 bandwidth) conformable GPR antennas are being designed and developed to operate over the HF/VHF bands. Planar wire-grid bowtie antennas are being developed as broadband GPR radar antennas. These antennas are 2D approximations to frequency independent, i.e., ultra-wideband, 3D solid biconical antennas. The antennas are truncated to finite lengths, which reduce the bandwidth to a finite range that is adjusted to cover the HF/VHF bands. 2D cross-sectional versions of the bowtie antennas were built and tested at the AFRL/RRS sub-surface antenna range and were compared to an adjustable standard-gain half-wave dipole antenna. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Norgard, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.norgard@usafa.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ19 UT WOS:000225736800082 ER PT S AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC AF Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC GP IEEE TI Radar applications of low rank signal processing methods SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect ID MATRIX AB This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically we present the performance of the normalized matched pound1-ter (NMF) test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the NMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is CFAR. Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Issues of sample support for subspace estimation, constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and detection performance are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100023 ER PT S AU Schindler, JK Steyskal, H AF Schindler, JK Steyskal, H GP IEEE TI Sparse, random array processing for space-based radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE space-based radar; space-time processing; array antennas AB We investigate moving target detection with a space-based cluster of radar satellites, modeled as a random sparse array. Results show that improvement in signal to interference is a sensitive function of the pulse repetition frequency and varies over a large dynamic range. Achievable improvement factor maxima are moderately degraded by array pitch (satellite cluster rotation) and strongly degraded with increasing position errors. In general, with increased randomness, fewer elements contribute to form DPCA pairs so that satellite usage efficiency and SNR are degraded. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Schindler, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100025 ER PT S AU Morton, TE Pasala, KM AF Morton, TE Pasala, KM GP IEEE TI Pattern synthesis and performance of conical arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, AESS Atlanta Sect DE conformal arrays; beam pattern synthesis AB This paper extends a beam pattern synthesis algorithm based on the maximization of directivity subject to constraints on sidelobes, to a conformal array geometry. The expressions required for implementation of the algorithm are derived for an arbitrary set of elements and then evaluated for the specific case of an array of radiating slot elements on the surface of a right circular cone. The cone array geometry, chosen for its similarity to an aircraft or missile nosecone, is considered for several important performance parameters including scan volume, sidelobe control, and cross-polarization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morton, TE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8281-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2004 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96M UT WOS:000189506100031 ER PT J AU Gunzelmann, G Anderson, JR AF Gunzelmann, Glenn Anderson, John R. BE Forbus, K Gentner, D Regier, T TI Spatial Orientation Using Map Displays: A Model of the Influence of Target Location SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society CY AUG 04-07, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP Cognit Sci Soc ID MENTAL ROTATION; KNOWLEDGE AB This paper presents a model of human spatial orientation, using a task that involves locating targets on a map of the space. The model uses a hierarchical solution process that was reported by many of the participants in an empirical study. It encodes the location of the target in the visual scene by identifying a cluster of objects that contains the target and then encoding the position of the target within that cluster. By applying this description of the target's location to the representation on the map of the space, the model is able to correctly identify the target. Using this general strategy, it reproduces all of the major trends in the empirical data. C1 [Gunzelmann, Glenn] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM glenn.gunzelmann@mesa.afmc.af.mil; ja+@cmu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 978-0-8058-5464-0 PY 2004 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Language & Linguistics; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Linguistics; Psychology GA BSN97 UT WOS:000285044800105 ER PT J AU Ball, JT AF Ball, Jerry T. BE Forbus, K Gentner, D Regier, T TI A Bi-Polar Theory of Nominal and Clause Structure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society CY AUG 04-07, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP Cognit Sci Soc C1 [Ball, Jerry T.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM Jerry.Ball@mesa.afmc.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 978-0-8058-5464-0 PY 2004 BP 1523 EP 1523 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Language & Linguistics; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Linguistics; Psychology GA BSN97 UT WOS:000285044800279 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ AF Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ BE Friedman, DJ Manasreh, O Buyanova, IA Munkholm, A Auret, FD TI The influence of GaSb layer thickness on the band gap of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for mid-infrared detection SO PROGRESS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS III - ELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Compound Semiconductor Materials III held at MRS Fall Meeting CY FEB 17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AF Res Lab ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; TEMPERATURE AB The effect of small changes in GaSb layer thickness on the photoresponse spectrum of InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) designed for mid-infrared detection was systematically investigated. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with precisely calibrated growth rates. The basic SL used for this study consisted of 40 periods of InAs (20.5 Angstrom)/GaSb (X Angstrom), where the nominal value for X was adjusted from 18 to 27 Angstrom in four different samples. An InSb-like interface (IF) was inserted between the layers to balance the SL strain. By decreasing the GaSb width, the photoresponse cut-off wavelength (lambda(c)) was adjusted from 4.03 mum to 4.55 pm, i.e., the SL energy band gap is being decreased. This decrease in the energy separation between the first heavy hole band (HH1) and the first conduction band (C1) as the GaSb layer is narrowed is counter intuitive. However, this experimental trend can be explained by a modified envelope function approximation (EFA) calculation that includes the effect of in-plane asymmetry at InAs/GaSb interfaces. As expected, the HH band is pushed away from the top of the GaSb valence band as the GaSb layer width becomes narrower. However, at the same time the C1 band is significantly broadened by the increased wave function overlap of the electron states in the InAs layer. The trend to smaller band gap with narrower GaSb layers and other effects of the design changes on the photoresponse spectrum are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-737-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 799 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAD63 UT WOS:000221673900011 ER PT S AU Erdmann, R U'Ren, A de la Cruz-Gutierrez, M Walmsley, I AF Erdmann, R U'Ren, A de la Cruz-Gutierrez, M Walmsley, I BE Barnett, SM Andersson, E Jeffers, J Ohberg, P Hirota, O TI Multi crystal sources for applications of quantum interference SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Tamagawa Univ, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, MagiQ Technologies, Univ Strathclyde ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; ENTANGLEMENT; PUMP AB Entangled photon pairs from Spontaneous Parametric Down conversion have provided many tests and applications of quantum interference. It is shown that control over the process efficiency, as well as the photon pair properties, is obtained by replacing the usual nonlinear crystal source with an assembly of crystals separated by appropriate linear spacer media. Elimination of distinguishing timing information permits unique and useful features to be realized. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Erdmann, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0216-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 734 BP 346 EP 349 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BBM55 UT WOS:000226204400080 ER PT S AU Pozhar, LA AF Pozhar, LA BE GuyotSionnest, P Mattoussi, H Wang, ZL TI Quantum conductivity of spatially inhomogeneous systems SO QUANTUM DOTS, NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Dots, Nanoparticles and Nanowires held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Evident Technol, USN, Off Naval Res AB A fundamental quantum theory of conductivity of spatially inhomogeneous systems in weak electro-magnetic fields has been derived using a two-time Green function (TTGF)-based technique that generalizes the original method due to Zubarev and Tserkovnikov (ZT). Quantum current and charge density evolution equations are derived in a linear approximation with regard to the field potentials. Explicit expressions for the longitudinal and transverse conductivity, and dielectric and magnetic susceptibilities have been derived in terms of charge density - charge density and microcurrent - microcurrent TTGFs. The obtained theoretical description and formulae are applicable to any inhomogeneous system, such as artificial molecules, atomic and molecular clusters, thin films, interfacial systems, etc. In particular, the theory is designed to predict charge transport properties of small semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and wells (QWs), and is a significant step toward realization of a concept of virtual (i.e., theory-based, computational) synthesis of electronic nanomaterials of prescribed electronic properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Sensor Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pozhar, LA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Sensor Mat Branch, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-727-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 789 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAH07 UT WOS:000222179300008 ER PT S AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, G AF Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, G BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Intrinsic deep levels in semi-insulating silicon carbide SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices CY JAN 25-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE semi-insulating SiC; Hall effect; deep levels ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POSITION AB High temperature Hall effect and resistivity measurements have been made on undoped, high purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H SiC samples. Both physical vap*or transport and high temperature chemical vapor deposition grown samples have been investigated. Resistivity measurements before and after annealing at temperatures up to 1800degreesC are also reported. Hall and resistivity results are compared with low temperature photoluminescence results. The thermal activation energies for HPSI material taken from temperature dependent resistivity measurements varied from 0.9 to 1.5 eV. Hall effect measurements were made on several HPSI. In all cases the material was found to be ntype and the measured carrier concentration activation energies agreed within a few tens of percent with the resistivity activation energies. Mixed conduction analysis of the data suggests that the hole concentration was negligible in all of the samples studied. This suggests that the defects responsible for the semi-insulating properties have deep levels located in the upper half of the bandgap. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5267-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5359 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.519597 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAQ21 UT WOS:000223199200028 ER PT S AU Linnehan, R Perlovsky, L Mutz, C Schindler, J AF Linnehan, R Perlovsky, L Mutz, C Schindler, J BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI Detecting slow moving targets in SAR images SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE dynamic logic; synthetic aperture radar; target detection AB Ground moving target indication (GMTI) radars can detect slow-moving targets if their velocities are high enough to produce distinguishable Doppler frequencies. However, no reliable technique is currently available to detect targets that fall below the minimum detectable velocity (MDV) of GXTI radars. In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, detection of moving targets is difficult because of target smear due to motion, which could make low-RCS targets fall below stationary ground clutter. Several techniques for SAR imaging of moving targets have been discussed in the literature. 1,1,3 These techniques require sufficient signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) and adequate MDV for pre-detection. Other techniques require complex changes in hardware. Extracting the maximum information from SAR image data is possible using adaptive, model-based approaches. However, these approaches lead to computational complexity, which exceeds current processing power for more than a single object in an image. This combinatorial complexity is due to the need for having to consider a large number of combinations between multiple target models and the data, while estimating unknown parameters of the target models. We are developing a technique for detecting slow-moving targets in SAR images with low signal-to-clutter ratio, without minimal velocity requirements, and without combinatorial complexity. This paper briefly summarizes the difficulties related to current model-based detection algorithms. A new concept, dynamic logic, is introduced along with an algorithm suitable for the detection of very slow-moving targets in SAR images. This new mathematical technique is inspired by the analysis of biological systems, like the human brain, which combines conceptual understanding with emotional evaluation and overcomes the combinatorial. complexity of model-based techniques. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 20 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.537780 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700008 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK Pasala, KM AF Mitra, AK Pasala, KM BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI Low-cost position-adaptive UAV radar design with state-of-the-art COTS technology SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE position-adaptive radar; mini-UAV helicopter; ultra-wideband radar; broadband antenna design; robotics AB A COTS-based design for a monostatic position-adaptive radar concept is presented. The development and design effort is focused on a test experiment where a onboard radar-based instrumentation system allows a mini-UAV helicopter to hover back and forth in front of two large (side-by-side) "building-type" structures. Under this concept, the "smart" or "robotic" mini-UAV helicopter "position-adaptively" converges to a location between the two "building-type" structures in order to interrogate an object-of-interest that may be located between these "building-type" structures. Design issues with regard to major sub-systems and interfaces between these subsystems are discussed. Applications for this type of system include intelligence gathering from indoor and outdoor urban environments and underground facilities via deployment a tier of position-adaptive mini-UAV's. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRR, Bldg 620,2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.541063 PG 7 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700011 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK AF Mitra, AK BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI Passive position-adaptive radar modes for non-LOS interrogation of embedded targets SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE position-adaptive radar; systems analysis; electromagnetic modeling and simulation AB A position-adaptive radar system concept is presented for purposes of interrogating difficult and obscured targets via the application of low-altitude smart or robotic-type UAV platforms. Under this concept, a high-altitude radiating platform is denoted as a HUAV and a low-altitude "position-adaptive" platform is denoted as a LUAV. The system concept is described by two modes. In Mode-1, real-time onboard LUAV computation of a phase parameter denoted as "signal differential path length" allows the LUAV to position-adaptively isolate a "signal leakage point", for example, between two buildings. After the LUAV position-adaptively converges to an optimum location, the system enters Mode-2. Under this Mode-2 concept, a technique denoted as "exploitation of leakage signals via path trajectory diversity" (E-LS-PTD) is developed. This technique is based on modulating scattering centers on embedded objects by implementing a fast trajectory on the HUAV while the LUAV is hovering in front of an obscuration channel." Analytical results include sample outputs from an initial set numerical electromagnetic simulations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRR, Bldg 620,2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.541065 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700013 ER PT S AU Kerrick, AD Shaw, AK AF Kerrick, AD Shaw, AK BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL Appleby, R Salmon, NA Wikner, DA TI A kill chain architecture for prosecution of ground targets SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY VIII AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology VIII and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VII CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE air-to-ground targeting; system architecture; DoD architecture framework; colored Petri nets AB It is-becoming more important for the designer of radar (and other military sensing) systems to be able to provide military commanders and procurement decision makers with a concept of how a new system can enhance warfighting capability. Showing enhanced sensor performance is no longer sufficient to sell a new system. In order to better understand issues relating to sensor employment, we develop a top-level functional architecture of the kill chain for Air-to-Ground targeting. A companion paper constructs an executable model in the form of a Colored Petri Net (CPN) from the architecture. The focus on architecture that we present here aligns well with the new Department of Defense guidance, which requires new acquisition programs to be structured around system architectures. This should provide a common reference system for communication among warfighters, planners, and technologists. The translation to an executable model should allow identification of technology insertion points. C1 AFRL, SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kerrick, AD (reprint author), AFRL, SNRR, 2241 Av Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5333-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5410 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.547466 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW92 UT WOS:000223994700015 ER PT B AU Lopez, J Raines, RA Temple, MA Baldwin, RO Stephens, JP AF Lopez, J Raines, RA Temple, MA Baldwin, RO Stephens, JP BE Heiter, G TI An empirical study of electromagnetic interference caused by ultra wideband trasnmissions in an IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network SO RAWCON: 2004 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON 2004) CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Technol Soc, IEEE Commun Soc DE ultra wideband transmissions; IEEE; 802.11a networks AB This paper characterizes the electromagnetic interference (EAU) effects of Ultra Wideband (UWB) transmissions on IEEE 802.11a ad-hoe network throughput performance. Radiated measurements in an anechoic chamber investigate interference performance for three binary modulation schemes including bi-phase shift keying (BPSK), pulse position modulation (PPINI), and on-off keying (OOK) and four pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) transmitted over two Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) channels. Results indicate that OOK and BPPM can degrade throughput performance by up to twenty percent at lower PRFs and lower U-NII channels. Minimal performance degradation (less than one percent) due to interference is observed for BPSK at the lower PRFs and higher U-NH channels. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raines, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8451-2 PY 2004 BP 517 EP 520 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBB80 UT WOS:000224588200130 ER PT B AU Curtis, JW AF Curtis, JW BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Churning: Repeated optimization and cooperative instability SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY DEC, 2002 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn DE churning; instability; coordination; cooperative; control; multi-agent ID RECEDING HORIZON CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS AB It has been recently shown that the sharing of information (in order to promote cooperation among multiple agents) can actually degrade mission performance, primarily due to a form of cooperative instability. This instability occurs when the high-level cooperation strategy assigns tasks to the agents in a way that hinders the performance of true system objectives; specifically, the over action of the coordination law makes goal completion impossible, and agents exhibit a churning type of motion. This chapter examines this "churning" instability in order to understand its primary causes, and a formal definition of this cooperative instability is proposed. A method of mitigating the negative effects of churning is presented, and these ideas are illustrated in simulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Curtis, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM jess.curtis@eglin.af.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7644-4 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2004 VL 3 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BY80N UT WOS:000189467300006 ER PT B AU Eilders, M Layne, J Kassas, ZM Ozguner, U AF Eilders, M Layne, J Kassas, ZM Ozguner, U BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI A hospitability map approach for estimating a mobile targets location SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY DEC, 2002 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn DE prediction; search; motion models; hospitability map AB The following problem is considered. An air vehicle detects a mobile target using its own sensor(s), but delays attack. While the target is being detected, the air vehicle takes several looks at the target, thus producing target state estimates. Some time later (on the order of minutes), the same or another air vehicle views the target area again. The target is not detected on the second set of looks. We assume that it has moved. Since the target has moved away, where should we look for it? This is a prediction and search problem. Prediction uses historic information to predict the future states (location and kinematics), and search is to look for the target based on the prediction results. Since we assume that the time separation between the two set of looks is quite significant, traditional prediction based on historic kinematics information alone will not work well. The target kinematics information is diluted quickly as the radius of possible target locations from that of the first set of looks gets bigger. However, the previous kinematics (target route history) at least provides a center location for future possible target locations. As will be shown, we can rely on terrain-based state prediction to determine the likelihood of the new target position. The effects of the terrain are captured by something known as a hospitability map. A hospitability map provides a likelihood or a "weight" for each point on the earths surface proportional to the ability of a target to move and maneuver at that location. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eilders, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7644-4 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2004 VL 3 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BY80N UT WOS:000189467300007 ER PT B AU Jacques, DR Pachter, M AF Jacques, DR Pachter, M BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI A theoretical foundation for cooperative search, classification, and target attack SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY DEC, 2002 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn AB Wide area search and attack using Unmanned Air Vehicles or autonomous munitions is considered. In order to build towards a multi-vehicle cooperative behavior scheme, task benefits for search and engagement need to be established. This chapter uses applied probability theory to formulate and solve for the probability of success in search and engagement. Average longevity for the munition and targets are also available using this formulation. A variety of multiple target/multiple false target scenarios are considered, with varying assumptions on the probability distributions of the target and false target vehicles. Area search through target attack is modelled, and the potential benefits accruing from cooperative target classification and cooperative target engagement are addressed. A general approach for defining task benefits for cooperative behavior algorithms is presented, and methods for implementation are discussed. While the discussion in this chapter is limited to a single warhead munition or Unmanned Air Vehicles, the results can be extended to include the multi-warhead case. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacques, DR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.jacques@afit.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7644-4 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2004 VL 3 BP 175 EP 205 PG 31 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BY80N UT WOS:000189467300011 ER PT B AU Murphey, R AF Murphey, R BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Optimal path planning in a threat environment SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY DEC, 2002 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn DE trajectory optimization; optimal path planning; risk minimization; risk of detection; radar cross-section; analytical solution; network flow optimization; network flow algorithm; calculus of variations ID GLOBALLY OPTIMAL TRAJECTORIES; MOVING-TARGET; EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS; SEARCH AB Analytical and discrete optimization approaches for routing an aircraft in a threat environment have been developed. The model considers an aircraft's trajectory in three dimensional (3D) space and presents the aircraft by a symmetrical ellipsoid with the axis of symmetry orienting the trajectory direction. The threat is associated with the risk of aircraft detection by radars, sensors or surface air missiles. Using the analytical and discrete optimization approaches, the deterministic problem of finding an aircraft's optimal risk trajectory subject to a constraint on the trajectory length has efficiently been solved. Through techniques of Calculus of Variations, the analytical approach reduces the original risk optimization problem to a vectorial nonlinear differential equation. In the case of a single detecting installation, the solution to this equation is expressed by a quadrature. The discrete optimization approach approximates the original problem by the Constrained Shortest Path Problem (CSPP) for a 3D network with a flexible structure. The CSPP has been solved for various ellipsoid shapes and different length constraints in the cases of several radars. The impact of ellipsoid shape on the geometry of an optimal trajectory as well as impact of variable RCS on performance of the discrete optimization approach have been analyzed and illustrated with several numerical examples. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Murphey, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7644-4 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2004 VL 3 BP 349 EP 406 PG 58 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BY80N UT WOS:000189467300019 ER PT B AU Pasiliao, EL AF Pasiliao, EL BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Tree-based algorithms for the multidimensional assignment problem SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY DEC, 2002 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn ID TRACKING AB The Multidimensional Assignment Problem (MAP) is an extension of the two-dimensional assignment problem in which we wish to find an optimal matching of elements between mutually exclusive sets. Although the two-dimensional assignment problem has been shown to be solvable in polynomial time, extending the dimensions to three makes the problem NP-complete. The multidimensional assignment problem has many practical applications including the data association problem. This work investigates the application of Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures (GRASP) and branch and bound algorithms based on two different tree representations of the MAP. The first representation of the MAP is an index-based tree which is derived from the 0-1 integer programming formulation. Every level of the tree represents a different value of the first index. The second representation comes from the permutation formulation of the MAP and is referred to as a permutation-based tree. Each level in this tree represents a different permutation vector. The number of dimensions and the number of elements in each dimension will affect the effectiveness of the algorithms. We investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using either tree to perform GRASP and branch and bound algorithm. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Pasiliao, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7644-4 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2004 VL 3 BP 427 EP 447 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA BY80N UT WOS:000189467300021 ER PT S AU Salishchev, GA Zerebtsov, SV Mironov, SY Semiatin, SL AF Salishchev, GA Zerebtsov, SV Mironov, SY Semiatin, SL BE Bacroix, B Driver, JH LeGall, R Maurice, C Penelle, R Regle, H Tabourot, L TI Formation of grain boundary misorientation spectrum in alpha-beta titanium alloys with lamellar structure under warm and hot working SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Joint International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Annecy, FRANCE SP Alcan, Voreppe Res Ctr, Niobium Prod Co GmbH, arcelor, Rhone Alpes, ESIA DE two-phase titanium alloy; lamellar structure; globularization/recrystallization; grain boundary misorientation spectrum; hot and warm deformation AB Microstructure evolution in alpha-beta Ti-64 alloy samples with lamellar structure deformed to a height reduction of 70% at temperatures between 450 and 800degreesC has been investigated. The deformation led to a distinctly globularized structure of alpha- and beta-phase in the whole temperature interval. The dependence of globular grain size on deformation temperature is of a linear character up to the temperature of warm deformation at which formation of an SMC structure takes place. Continuous recrystallization was observed in the alpha-and beta-phases. Different types of defects responsible for splitting of alpha-lamellae such as low and high angle boundaries, shear bands and twins were found. An investigation of boundary misorientation spectra in the alpha-and beta-phases deformed to different strains at 550 and 800degreesC was carried out. Typical boundary misorientation spectra for single phase metals with the same lattice were obtained. The boundary misorientation spectrum depends weakly on strain and deformation temperature. The results of this study show the importance of transformation of semi-coherent interphase boundaries to non-coherent ones for globularization of lamellar microstructures. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Salishchev, GA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. EM gensal@imsp.da.ru RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-952-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 467-470 BP 501 EP 506 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBE29 UT WOS:000225119800080 ER PT B AU Pilch, F Derdzinski, J AF Pilch, F Derdzinski, J BE Morton, JS Nation, RC Forage, P Bianchini, S TI The UN response to the Balkan wars SO REFLECTIONS ON THE BALKAN WARS: TEN YEARS AFTER THE BREAK UP OF YUGOSLAVIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Balkans CY FEB 21-23, 2002 CL Florida Altantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL SP Org Peace Studies Program, Univ Bologna, US Army War Coll HO Florida Altantic Univ C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 1-4039-6332-0 PY 2004 BP 93 EP 117 PG 25 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA BAS71 UT WOS:000223371000006 ER PT S AU Sward, RE AF Sward, RE BE Llamosi, A Strohmeier, A TI Extracting Ada 95 objects from legacy Ada programs SO RELIABLE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES- ADA-EUROPE 2004 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies CY JUN 14-18, 2004 CL Palma, SPAIN SP Ada-Europe, European Federat Natl Ada Soc, AdaSpain, ACM SIGAda, Univ Balearic Isl AB Maintaining legacy code can be challenging and time consuming. As code reaches the point where it becomes hard to maintain, developers may wish to convert from code designed using structured analysis and design techniques into code designed using the object-oriented analysis and design methodology. This paper describes one method, Parameter-Based Object Identification (PBOI) that uses information about parameters passed between sub-programs to extract objects and classes from legacy code. The PBOI method is applied to legacy Ada code with examples showing how objects and classes are extracted and built using Ada 95 programming constructs. Transformations that preserve the functionality of the legacy code are used to extract the Ada 95 code. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ricky.sward@usafa.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22011-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3063 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH38 UT WOS:000222212200005 ER PT S AU Cipar, J Lockwood, R Cooley, T Grigsby, P AF Cipar, J Lockwood, R Cooley, T Grigsby, P BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI Background spectral library for Fort AP Hill, Virginia SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE hyperspectral data analysis; land cover classification ID AVIRIS AB We describe development of a background spectral library for Fort A. P. 011, located in northeastern Virginia, based on hyperspectral. images and an extensive land cover database. The database was used to identify areas of uniform land cover. The library contains means and standard deviations for 15 spectra measured in these uniform areas. Terrain categorization products consist of classification maps and fractional abundance maps determined by linear mixture analysis. There is excellent qualitative agreement between the linear unmixing results and the known land covers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Cipar, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5482-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5544 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.559739 PG 12 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BBI17 UT WOS:000225599600004 ER PT S AU Picard, RH Wintersteiner, PP Winick, JR Mertens, CJ Mlynczak, MG Russell, JM Gordley, LL Ward, WE She, CY O'Neil, RR AF Picard, RH Wintersteiner, PP Winick, JR Mertens, CJ Mlynczak, MG Russell, JM Gordley, LL Ward, WE She, CY O'Neil, RR BE Schafer, KP Comeron, A Carleer, MR Picard, RH Sifakis, NI TI Tidal and layer structure in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere from TIMED/SABERCO(2) 15-mu m emission SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere IX CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP SPIE, Soc Espanola Opt, NASA, European Opt Soc DE earthimb; infrared; atmospheric tides; temperature inversion layers; radiance layers ID GRAVITY-WAVE; INVERSION-LAYER; KINETIC TEMPERATURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; ALOHA-93 CAMPAIGN; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; SABER EXPERIMENT; LIDAR TECHNIQUE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIMB EMISSION AB The SABER radiometer on the TIMED spacecraft scans the earthlimb continuously in ten channels spanning the spectrum from 1.27 to 15 mum. The signature of the diurnal tide in the equatorial region is apparent throughout the mesosphere in TIMED/SABER data, especially in the CO, 15-mum radiance profiles. In addition, layer structures are apparent in a large fraction of the both the radiance profiles and the kinetic temperature profiles derived from them. We present results showing tidal and layer features in the variation with local time and latitude of 15-mum radiance and temperature. Temperature inversion layers (TILs) are regions of extreme perturbations in the retrieved temperature profile where the temperature increases rapidly over 3-10 km range by tens of degrees K, sometimes approaching increases of 100 K, and are not represented in any existing atmospheric climatologies. Theories that have been proposed connect them with the amplitude and phase of atmospheric tides, as well as with the interactions and dissipation of atmospheric gravity waves and planetary waves. The radiance local maxima, or "knees," are more mysterious. Their occurrence is rather unpredictable and not well explained by models, although it is known that they are due to vibrational excitation of CO, by atomic oxygen and they may have tidal connections. While they may be associated with strong TELs, the most important class occurring at tangent heights in the lower thermosphere between 100 and 115 kin appear not to be simply related to local inversion layers. SABER data offers the opportunity to do the first global survey of MLT TILs, determine their spatial extent and persistence time, and develop a global climatology of their occurrence and properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Picard, RH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RI Ward, William/F-6263-2012 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5518-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5571 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.568060 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBN01 UT WOS:000226252700019 ER PT S AU Winick, JR Mlynczak, MG Wintersteiner, PP Martin-Torres, FJ Picard, RH Paxton, L Lopez-Puertas, M Russell, JM Christensen, A Gordley, L AF Winick, JR Mlynczak, MG Wintersteiner, PP Martin-Torres, FJ Picard, RH Paxton, L Lopez-Puertas, M Russell, JM Christensen, A Gordley, L BE Schafer, KP Comeron, A Carleer, MR Picard, RH TI Thermospheric infrared radiance response to the April 2002 geomagnetic storm from SABER infrared and GUVI ultraviolet limb data SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere VIII CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE DE aurora; CO2; NO; infrared radiance; thermosphere; atmospheric heating; infrared cooling ID TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; MU-M; NO; EMISSION; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; DAYGLOW; BAND AB The SABER instrument on TIMED continuously measures certain infrared limb radiance profiles with unprecedented sensitivity. Among these are emissions Of CO2 v(3) at 4.3 mum, routinely recorded to tangent heights of similar to140-150 km, and NO at 5.3 mum, seen to above 200 km. Both of these are greatly enhanced during periods of strong auroral activity, when they can be measured to similar to200 km and similar to300 km, respectively. We use these infrared channels of SABER and coincident far ultraviolet (FUV) measurements from GUVI on TIMED, to study the geomagnetic storm of April 2002. These all give a consistent measure of auroral energy input into the lower thermosphere at high latitudes. Emission in yet another SABER channel, near 2.0 mum, correlates well with enhanced electron energy deposition. We also have, in the 5.3-mum emissions from the long-lived population of aurorally produced NO, a tracer of how this energy is transported equator-ward and released over an extended period of time, a few days. In this paper, we discuss the global patterns of energy deposition into the expanded auroral oval, its transport to lower latitudes, and its loss as revealed by the NO 5.3-mum emissions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Winick, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015 OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5118-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5235 BP 250 EP 263 DI 10.1117/12.515982 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BY77K UT WOS:000189459800023 ER PT B AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Ko, RT Sabbagh, H AF Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Ko, RT Sabbagh, H BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Numerical and experimental study of eddy current crack detection around fasteners in multi-layer structures SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 23A AND 23B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Green Bay, WI SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID SYSTEM AB Previous work on the detection of cracks around fastener holes in multi-layer structures using eddy current NDE has met with some success; however, challenges remain in detecting smaller corner cracks while minimizing false call rates. To address this issue, a 3D model was developed for this problem and successfully validated with experimental data. Using this model, a series of numerical studies were performed to identify potential features for defect classification. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0173-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 2004 VL 23 BP 336 EP 343 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY96D UT WOS:000189505300041 ER PT B AU Ananthula, R Ko, RT Sathish, S Blodgett, M AF Ananthula, R Ko, RT Sathish, S Blodgett, M BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Characterization of retrogression and re-aging heat treatment of AA7075-T6 using nonlinear acoustics and eddy current SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 23A AND 23B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Green Bay, WI SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID 7075 ALUMINUM AB Nonlinear acoustic parameter and eddy current methods have been utilized to F characterize the heat treatment process of retrogression and re-aging of aluminum 7075-T6. The results of nonlinear acoustic parameter measurements show two distinct peaks at 30 minutes and 45 minutes of retrogression time. The phase of the through-thickness eddy current signal shows a minimum at 42 minutes of retrogression time. Application of combined methods for identifying the optimized properties in the material is discussed. C1 USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ananthula, R (reprint author), USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0173-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 2004 VL 23 BP 1115 EP 1121 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY96D UT WOS:000189505300141 ER PT B AU Martin, RW Reibel, RS Sathish, S Blodgett, MP AF Martin, RW Reibel, RS Sathish, S Blodgett, MP BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Investigation of local Rayleigh wave velocity dispersion due to surface residual stress SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 23A AND 23B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Green Bay, WI SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs AB Residual stress induced in materials by surface modification techniques creates a stress gradient very near the top surface. The modified layer can lead to dispersion of Rayleigh surface wave (RSW) velocity. An analysis of the dispersion of RSW is expected to provide a means for nondestructive evaluation of the stress gradient. Small changes in RSW velocity has been measured using an acoustic interferometer based on a three-element focused. transducer. Dispersion results on Ti-6Al-4V material of RSW velocity and dispersion in shot-peened samples are presented. C1 USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RW (reprint author), USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0173-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 2004 VL 23 BP 1192 EP 1199 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY96D UT WOS:000189505300152 ER PT B AU Blodgett, MP Nagy, PB AF Blodgett, MP Nagy, PB BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI On the feasibility of eddy current characterization of the near-surface residual stress distribution in nickel-base superalloys SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 23A AND 23B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Green Bay, WI SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs AB In light of its frequency-dependent penetration depth, the measurement of eddy current conductivity has been suggested as a possible means to allow the nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in shot-peened specimens. This technique is based on the so-called electroelastic effect, i.e., the stress-dependence of the electrical conductivity. Unfortunately, the relatively small (similar to1%) change in electrical conductivity caused by the presence of compressive residual stresses is often distorted, or even completely overshadowed, by the accompanying conductivity loss caused by cold work and surface roughness effects. Recently, it was observed that, in contrast with most other materials, shot-peened Waspaloy and IN100 specimens exhibit an apparent increase in electrical conductivity at increasing inspection frequencies. This observation by itself indicates that in these materials the measured conductivity change is probably dominated by residual stress effects, since both surface roughness and increased dislocation density are known to decrease rather than increase the conductivity and the presence of crystallographic texture does not affect the electrical conductivity of these materials, which crystallize in cubic symmetry. Our preliminary experiments indicate that probably there exists a unique "window of opportunity" for eddy current NDE in nickel-base superalloys. We identified five major effects that contribute to this fortunate constellation of material properties, which will be reviewed in this presentation. C1 AFRL, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blodgett, MP (reprint author), AFRL, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0173-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 2004 VL 23 BP 1216 EP 1223 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY96D UT WOS:000189505300155 ER PT J AU Nikitin, SE Nikolaev, YA Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N Goldstein, J AF Nikitin, SE Nikolaev, YA Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N Goldstein, J TI Oscillations of induced photopleochroism in ZnO/GaAs heterojunctions SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRIC PHENOMENA; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; OXIDE AB Anisotype and isotype ZnO/GaAs heterojunctions were formed by magnetron sputtering of thin n-ZnO:Al films on epitaxial layers of n- and p-GaAs. It is shown that the heterostructures obtained have a high photosensitivity (similar to5 x 10(3) V/W at 300 K) in a wide spectral range (1.5-3.2 eV), which oscillates due to the radiation interference in thin ZnO films. Under oblique incidence of linearly polarized radiation on a ZnO film, photopleochroism is induced in a heterojunction, whose value oscillates within similar to1-55% at theta = 85degrees. The photopleochroism oscillations are also due to the radiation interference in the ZnO film. It is concluded that the heterojunctions obtained are promising candidates for selective photodetectors of linearly polarized radiation. (C) 2004 MAIK"Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nikitin, SE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Ul Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM yuryrud@mail.ioffe.ru NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2004 VL 38 IS 4 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1134/1.1734664 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812IJ UT WOS:000220832900005 ER PT J AU Rud', VY Rud', YV Bairamov, BK Il'chuk, GA Ukrainets, VO Fernelius, N Shunemann, PG AF Rud', VY Rud', YV Bairamov, BK Il'chuk, GA Ukrainets, VO Fernelius, N Shunemann, PG TI Photosensitive structures based on HgGa2S4 single crystals: Preparation and properties SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PHOTOPLEOCHROISM; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Photosensitive structures based on n-HgGa2S4 single crystals were prepared and investigated. It was concluded that HgGa2S4 crystals are promising for the fabrication of photodetectors of natural and linearly polarized light in the short-wavelength spectral region. (C) 2004 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Natl Univ Lvivska Politekhnika, UA-79013 Lvov, Ukraine. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lockheed Sanders, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Rud', VY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya Ul 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM rudvas@spbstu.ru RI Bairamov, Bakhysh/C-1009-2014 OI Bairamov, Bakhysh/0000-0002-9782-6399 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.1134/1.1823061 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867PJ UT WOS:000224854200010 ER PT S AU Scalione, T Swenson, H De Luccia, F Schueler, C Clement, E Darnton, L AF Scalione, T Swenson, H De Luccia, F Schueler, C Clement, E Darnton, L BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Lurie, JB Aten, M TI Post-CDR NPOESS VIIRS sensor design and performance SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites VII CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE, Soc Espanola Ott, NASA, European Opt Soc DE remote sensing; NPOESS; VIIRS; Environmental Data Records; radiometric performance; optical design AB This paper summarizes post-critical design review (CDR) design refinements and performance estimate updates to the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor. The design changes reduced manufacturing and performance risk to meet VIIRS sensor performance specifications. Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) and Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) requirements drove increased shielding and cable modifications. A telescope design modification was also required to remove modulated instrument background (MIB) discovered in the CDR optical design. Performance predictions were then generated from models and demonstration hardware based on the design refinements, and these are also reported here. VIIRS risk-reduction will continue as the Engineering Development Unit (EDU) is assembled and tested over the next year facilitating performance verification and lowering flight unit development risk. C1 USAF, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Scalione, T (reprint author), USAF, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5117-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5234 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.514299 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY70A UT WOS:000189442100016 ER PT S AU Martinez, T Wick, DV Payne, DM Baker, JT Restaino, SR AF Martinez, T Wick, DV Payne, DM Baker, JT Restaino, SR BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Lurie, JB Aten, M TI Non-mechanical zoom system SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites VII CY SEP 08-10, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE, Soc Espanola Ott, NASA, European Opt Soc DE active optics; adaptive optics; spatial light modulators; liquid crystals; zoom systems ID ACTIVE LENS; MODULATOR AB In order to optically vary the magnification of an imaging system, mechanical zoom lenses, such as those found on 35mm cameras, require multiple optical elements and use cams or gears to adjust the spacing between individual or groups of lenses. By incorporating active elements in the optical design, we can eliminate the need to change lens separations and create an imaging system with variable optical magnification that has no macroscopic moving parts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Martinez, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5117-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5234 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1117/12.510373 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY70A UT WOS:000189442100038 ER PT J AU Van, T Wood, AH AF Van, T Wood, AH TI A time-domain finite element method for Maxwell's equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Maxwell's equations; nonlocal boundary condition; time-domain finite element methods; Newmark scheme; stability; cavity ID NONREFLECTING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; WAVE-EQUATION; COST AB Presented here is a time-domain finite element method for approximating Maxwell's equations. The problem is to approximate the electromagnetic fields scattered by a bounded, inhomogeneous cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane. The time-dependent scattering problem is first discretized in time by Newmark's time-stepping scheme. The resulting semidiscrete problem is proved to be well posed. A nonlocal boundary condition on the cavity aperture is constructed to reduce the computational domain to the cavity itself. Stability analysis and error estimates of the fully discrete problem are provided. C1 Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van, T (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 3975 Res Blvd, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. EM tvan@mrcday.com; aihua.wood@afit.af.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1592 EP 1609 DI 10.1137/S0036142901387427 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 894XC UT WOS:000226823900011 ER PT S AU Williams, JL Maybeck, PS AF Williams, JL Maybeck, PS BE Drummond, OE TI Cost-function-based hypothesis control techniques for multiple hypothesis tracking SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Gaussian mixture reduction; multiple hypothesis tracking ID FILTERS; IDENTIFICATION AB The problem of tracking targets in clutter naturally leads to a Gaussian mixture representation of the probability density function of the target state vector. Modern tracking methods maintain the mean, covariance and probability weight corresponding to each hypothesis, yet they rely on simple merging and pruning rules to control the growth of hypotheses. This paper proposes a structured, cost-function-based approach to the hypothesis control problem. utilizing the Integral Square Error (ISE) cost measure. A comparison of track life performance versus computational cost is made between the ISE-based filter and previously proposed approximations including simple pruning, Singer's n-scan memory filter, Salmond's joining filter, and Chen and Liu's Mixture Kalman Filter (MKF). The results demonstrate that the ISE-based mixture reduction algorithm provides track life performance which is significantly better than the compared techniques using similar numbers of mixture components, and performance competitive with the compared algorithms for similar mean computation times. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, JL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5351-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5428 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.542325 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX35 UT WOS:000224077200016 ER PT S AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, E BE Drummond, OE TI Modeling intent for a target tracking and identification scenario SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE intent; fusion; tracking; ID; user refinement; pose estimation; IMM; terrain; DTED; and road AB The tracking goal is to reduce positional uncertainty. There are many ways to reduce tracking uncertainty: including classification data, using trafficability maps, and employing behavior information. We seek to extend tracking and identification modeling by incorporating intent to update prediction velocity vectors. A hybrid state space approach is formulated to deal with continuous-valued kinematics and discrete-valued target type, pose (inherently continuous but quantized), and intent behavior. The coupled tracker design is illustrated within the context of using ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and high range-resolution (HRRR) measurements as well as digital terrain elevation data (DTED), road map, and estimated goal states. The resulting Intent Coupled Tracking and Identification (ICTI) system is expected to outperform separately designed systems particularly during target maneuvers and recovering from temporary data dropout. C1 SNAA, AFRL, Fus Evaluat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), SNAA, AFRL, Fus Evaluat, 2010 5th St,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5351-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5428 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1117/12.542897 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX35 UT WOS:000224077200024 ER PT S AU Bjerkaas, KS Oxley, ME Bauer, KW AF Bjerkaas, KS Oxley, ME Bauer, KW BE Kadar, I TI Consistency results for the ROC curves of fused classifiers SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE C lassifier fusion; evaluation; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; consistent estimator; unbiased estimator AB The U.S. Air Force is researching the fusion of multiple sensors and classifiers. Given a finite collection of classifiers to be fused one seeks a new classifier with improved performance. An established performance quantifier is the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. This curve allows one to view the probability of detection versus probability of false alarm in one graph. In reality only finite data is available so only an approximate ROC curve can be constructed. Previous research shows that one does not have to perform an experiment for this new fused classifier to determine its ROC curve. If the ROC curve for each individual classifier has been determined, then formulas for the ROC curve of the fused classifier exist for certain fusion rules. This will be an enormous saving in time and money since the performance of many fused classifiers will be determined without having to perform tests on each one. But, again, these will be approximate ROC curves, since they are based on finite data. We show that if the individual approximate ROC curves are consistent then the approximate ROC curve for the fused classifier is also consistent under certain circumstances. We give the details for these circumstances, as well as some examples related to sensor fusion. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bjerkaas, KS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1117/12.542284 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800036 ER PT S AU Schubert, CM Leap, NJ Oxley, ME Bauer, KW AF Schubert, CM Leap, NJ Oxley, ME Bauer, KW BE Kadar, I TI Quantifying the correlation effects of rised classifiers SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE classifier fusion; evaluation; ROC curve; correlation AB Typically, when considering multiple classifiers, researchers assume that they are independent. Under this assumption estimates for the performance of the fused classifiers are easier to obtain and quantify, mathematically. But, in fact, classifiers may be correlated, thus, the performance of the fused classifiers will be over-estimated. This paper will address the issue of the dependence between the classifiers to be fused. Specifically. we will assume a level of dependence between two classifiers for a given fusion rule and produce a formula to quantify the performance of this newly fused classifier. The performance of the fused classifiers will then be evaluated via the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. A classifier typically relies on parameters that may vary over a given range. Thus, the probability of true and false positives can be computed over this range of values. The graph of these probabilities over this range then produces the ROC curve. The probability of true positive and false positive from the fused classifiers are developed according to various decision rules. Examples of dependent fused classifiers will be given for various levels of dependency and multiple decision rules. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1117/12.542578 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800037 ER PT S AU Blasch, EP Pribilski, M Daughtery, B Roscoe, B Gunsett, J AF Blasch, EP Pribilski, M Daughtery, B Roscoe, B Gunsett, J BE Kadar, I TI Fusion metrics for dynamic situation analysis SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIII CY APR 12-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE fusion; tracking; metrics; sensor management; user refinement AB To design information fusion systems, it is important to develop metrics as part of a test and evaluation strategy. In many cases, fusion systems are designed to (1) meet a specific set of user information needs (IN), (2) continuously validate information pedigree and updates, and (3) maintain this performance under changing conditions. A fusion system's performance is evaluated in many ways. However, developing a consistent set of metrics is important for standardization. For example, many track and identification metrics have been proposed for fusion analysis. To evaluate a complete fusion system performance, level 4 sensor management and level 5 user refinement metrics need to be developed simultaneously to determine whether or not the fusion system is meeting information needs. To describe fusion performance, the fusion community needs to agree on a minimum set of metrics for user assessment and algorithm comparison. We suggest that such a minimum set should include feasible metrics of accuracy, confidence, throughput, timeliness, and cost. These metrics can be computed as confidence (probability), accuracy (error), timeliness (delay), throughput (amount) and cost (dollars). In this paper, we explore an aggregate set of metrics for fusion evaluation and demonstrate with information need metrics for dynamic situation analysis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Blasch, EP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5352-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5429 BP 428 EP 438 DI 10.1117/12.542902 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX37 UT WOS:000224077800043 ER PT S AU Zvanut, ME Konovalov, VV Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD AF Zvanut, ME Konovalov, VV Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Optically induced transitions among point defects in high purity and vanadium-doped semi-insulating 4H SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE point defects; SiC; doping; semi-insulating; high purity; electron paramagnetic resonance; EPR; Hall measurement ID LEVEL; RESONANCE; POSITION AB We use electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and photo-induced EPR to discern the compensating species associated with the Fermi level extracted from temperature-dependent Hall measurements of vanadium-doped 4H SiC and high purity semi-insulating 4H SiC. The results demonstrate that the V4+/V5+ transition is responsible for the 1.6 eV carrier activation energy (E-a) measured in some of the vanadium-doped samples. In other vanadium-doped wafers, photo-EPR data reveal transitions for V3+ at energies between 1.1 and 1.25 eV, consistent with the activation energy. However, the relationship between V3+ and E-a is not clear. The carbon vacancy (VC), which is detected in all HPSI wafers, exhibits a range of photo-thresholds similar to the varying values measured for E-a. Therefore, although EPR measurements show that the number of uncompensated carbon vacancies is below that thought necessary to neutralize the residual shallow donors and acceptors, V-C likely participates in compensation. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, Mat Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zvanut, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 489 EP 492 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200114 ER PT S AU Kalabukhova, EN Lukin, SN Savchenko, DV Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD AF Kalabukhova, EN Lukin, SN Savchenko, DV Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Photo-EPR and hall measurements on undoped high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE semi-insulating SiC; intrinsic defects; EPR; Hall effect AB EPR measurements at 37 GHz and 77K have been made on undoped High Purity Semi-Insulating 4H-SiC in the dark and after illumination. Two intrinsic defects with donor-like behavior have been detected by EPR. Temperature dependent Hall effect measurements confirm that the conduction is n-type in these samples. It is suggested that that the deep donor-like defects with S =1/2 are the V-Si(3-) and probably V-C(1-) defects and that they might be responsible for the compensation of shallow nitrogen and boron in SI- 4H SiC. C1 NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kalabukhova, EN (reprint author), NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. RI Savchenko, Dariya/D-8476-2012 OI Savchenko, Dariya/0000-0002-0005-0732 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 501 EP 504 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200117 ER PT S AU Tsao, BH Liu, S Scofield, J AF Tsao, BH Liu, S Scofield, J BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Improved AINi ohmic contacts to p-type SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE ohmic contact; 4H-SiC; contact resistivity; TLM (transmission line method) AB Improved AlNi-based ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-SiC have been achieved using low energy ion (Al+) implantation, the addition of a thin Ti layer, and a novel two-step implant activation anneal process. The component structure of the metallization studied was Ti/AlNi/W. Specific contact resistivities in the range of 2 to 6 X 10(-5) ohm-cm(2) were reliably and repeatedly achieved after annealing at temperatures of 900-950degreesC for 2 minutes in a high purity argon atmosphere. Resistivities in the reported range were achieved by degenerately (>10(20) cm(-3)) doping the surface region of lightly p-type 4H-SiC epilayers via low energy Al+ implantation. A high acceptor activation fraction was achieved by annealing the samples with a 1400+1650degreesC two-step sequence in an Ar atmosphere. It was also discovered that significantly improved SiC surface morphologies could be achieved by capping implanted samples with high density graphite during the activation anneals. AFM average roughness values improved by 10X compared to samples capped with SiC. The metallurgical morphology and contact resistivity remained intact even after annealing at 1050 C, indicating good thermal stability. The results of Ti/AlNi/W contacts on implanted layers were compared to Ni2Si and AlTi intermetallics and were found to be comparable to or superior in terms of specific contact resistivity, uniformity, and thermal stability. C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsao, BH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 841 EP 844 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200199 ER PT S AU Merrett, JN Scofield, JD Tsao, BH Mazzola, M Seale, D Draper, WA Sankin, I Casady, JB Bondarenko, V AF Merrett, JN Scofield, JD Tsao, BH Mazzola, M Seale, D Draper, WA Sankin, I Casady, JB Bondarenko, V BE Madar, R Camassel, J TI Investigation of two-stage activation annealing of Al-implanted 4H-SiC layers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2003, PRTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conferece on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2003 (ICSCRM 2003) CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE aluminum implantation; sheet resistance; ohmic contact; implant activation anneal ID 4H AB Three 4H-SiC samples were implanted with Al+ ions with energies ranging from 25 to 380 keV at RT, 650degreesC, and 1000degreesC. These samples were then cut into pieces that were annealed in one of three different ways - 1400degreesC for 30 min, 1400degrees for 30 min plus 1650degreesC for 30 min, or 1650degreesC for 30 min. TLM structures and van der Pauw structures were fabricated and used to measure the specific contact resistance and the sheet resistance of the samples. SEM images were taken of cross-sections of annealed and un-annealed samples to compare implant depth and damage. C1 SemiS Labs Inc, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Ctr Adv Semicond Prototyping, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Merrett, JN (reprint author), SemiS Labs Inc, 1 Res Blvd,Suite 201B, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 457-460 BP 921 EP 924 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAM18 UT WOS:000222802200219 ER PT J AU Russo, M Sing, H Kendall, A Johnson, D Santiago, S Escolas, S Holland, D Thorne, D Hall, S Redmond, D AF Russo, M Sing, H Kendall, A Johnson, D Santiago, S Escolas, S Holland, D Thorne, D Hall, S Redmond, D TI Visual perception and simulated flight performance impairments in pilots during continuous wakefulness of 26 hours are correlated SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance, Ft Rucker, AL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. USAF, McGuire AFB, NJ USA. MRMC, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 304 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400306 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Dyche, J Andrews, C Lucus, T AF Miller, NL Dyche, J Andrews, C Lucus, T TI The impact of additional sleep on test scores at US Navy Boot Camp SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 05-10, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USAF Acad, USAF Acad, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2004 VL 27 SU S MA 359 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 844OX UT WOS:000223169400361 ER PT S AU Jacobs, J Ross, J Hadden, S Gonzalez, M Rogers, Z Henderson, B AF Jacobs, J Ross, J Hadden, S Gonzalez, M Rogers, Z Henderson, B BE Anderson, EH TI Miniature vibration isolation system for space applications - Phase II SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada DE vibration; isolator; control; space; hybrid; damping; active; flight experiment AB In recent years, there has been a significant interest in, and move towards using highly sensitive, precision payloads on space vehicles. In order to perform tasks such as communicating at extremely high data rates between satellites using laser cross-links, or searching for new planets in distant solar systems using sparse aperture optical elements, a satellite bus and its payload must remain relatively motionless. The ability to hold a precision payload steady is complicated by disturbances from reaction wheels, control moment gyroscopes, solar array drives, stepper motors, and other devices. Because every satellite is essentially unique in its construction, isolating or damping unwanted vibrations usually requires a robust system over a wide bandwidth. The disadvantage of these systems is that they typically are not retrofittable and not tunable to changes in payload size or inertias. During the Phase I MVIS program, funded by AFRL and DARPA, a hybrid piezoelectric/D-strut isolator was built and tested to prove its viability for retroffitable insertion into sensitive payload attachments. A second phase of the program, which is jointly funded between AFRL and Honeywell, was started in November of 2002 to build a hexapod and the supporting interface electronics for a flight demonstration of the technology. The MVIS-II program is a systems-level demonstration of the application of advanced smart materials and structures technology that will enable programmable and retrofittable vibration control of spacecraft precision payloads. This paper describes the simulations, overall test plan and product development status of the overall MVIS-II program as it approaches flight. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Jacobs, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5305-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5388 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.540007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAV19 UT WOS:000223715000004 ER PT S AU Derriso, M Olson, S Braisted, W DeSimio, M AF Derriso, M Olson, S Braisted, W DeSimio, M BE Flatau, AB TI Detection of fastener failure in a thermal protection system SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2004: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2004 Conference CY MAR 15-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Expt Mech, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada DE structural health monitoring; statistical pattern recognition; finite element analysis; thermal protection system AB This paper presents experimental and analytical studies focused on the development of a structural health monitoring system to assess the condition of mechanical fasteners of a thermal protection system. A realistic thermal protection IF system component. consisting of a carbon-carbon panel bolted through 15 brackets to a backing structure, is utilized. Mechanical states considered include all bolts fastened to a nominal torque value, or one of the 15 bolts loosened. Four transducers on the backing, structure provide actuation and sensing signals. Spectral functions are computed from all single and pair-wise signal combinations. Automated analysis of the spectral functions shows frequency intervals exist over which the function values are indicative of the mechanical state of the test article. These frequency intervals are used to provide features for the structural health monitoring classifier. Finite element analyses provide a physics-based understanding of these features. Statistical pattern recognition methods select a subset of the features. The overall localization accuracy of the structural health monitoring system on test data is 99.1% with 99.7% probability of detecting a damaged condition at a 0.2% probability of a false alarm. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Derriso, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5307-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5390 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.1117/12.562967 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BAV92 UT WOS:000223848600059 ER PT S AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW Le Sager, P AF Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW Le Sager, P BE Pap, JM Kuhn, J Labitzke, K Shea, MA TI IHV: a new long-term geomagnetic index SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE geomagnetic index; inter-hour variability index; aa index AB We derive a new daily index of geomagnetic activity, the Inter-Hour Variability index (IHV), for investigations of the long-term variability of the solar wind-magnetosphere system. The IHV index is used to successfully reconstruct yearly-averages of the range indices am, ap, and aa from 1959 through 2000. When we attempt to reconstruct the aa index back to 1901, however, the reconstructed aa lies above the observed aa for years before 1957, with the difference between the two curves being the greatest (similar to5-10 nT) during the first two decades of the 20th century. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Easy Toolkit Inc, Houston, TX 77055 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Solar Observ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. RP Easy Toolkit Inc, 6927 Lawler Ridge, Houston, TX 77055 USA. EM leif@leif.org; Edward.Cliver@hanscom.af.mil; philippe_lesager@pvamu.edu NR 3 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 436 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.01.029 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS51 UT WOS:000223368900035 ER PT S AU Stutz, R Miller, H Dinndorf, K Cassanho, A AF Stutz, R Miller, H Dinndorf, K Cassanho, A BE Scheps, R Hoffman, HJ TI High pulse energy 3.9 gm lasers in Ho : BYF SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIII CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE mid-IR laser; Ho : BYF; barium yttrium fluoride ID MU-M; EMISSION; WAVELENGTH; OPERATION; YLF AB Experimental results describing pulsed lasers operating near 3.9 mum on the Ho3+ (I-5(5)-I-5(6)) transition in highly-doped ( > 10 at.%) barium yttrium fluoride (BaY2F8 or BYF) will be presented. The I-5(5) manifolds in Ho:BYF were pumped using a flashlamp excited, free-running Cr:LiSAF laser tuned to the Ho3+ absorption peak near 89 nm. Ho3+ concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% in BYF were lased in a simple end-pumped resonator. Some similar data was also obtained in 10% and 20% Ho:YLF. The highest 3.9 mum pulse energy obtained in the comparative study was 55 mJ (at similar to10% optical-to-optical efficiency) using the 30% Ho:BYF crystal. A dual end-pumped laser in 30% Ho:BYF was also demonstrated, providing a pulse energy of 90 mJ in a near diffraction limited beam (M-2 similar to 1.2). Emission decay data was taken to shed light on the observed dependence of laser efficiency on holmium concentration and excitation density. The lifetimes of both lasing levels (I-5(5) and I-5(6)) deviate rather significantly from their low-concentration values. Plausible energy transfer processes that may be responsible for the observed trends in the laser and emission data will also be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Stutz, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 761, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5240-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5332 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.538417 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAQ78 UT WOS:000223223800014 ER PT J AU Price, SD AF Price, SD TI Infrared irradiance calibration SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MIDCOURSE-SPACE-EXPERIMENT; COOL-STAR ATMOSPHERES; ISO-SWS CALIBRATION; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS; SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS; MINOR PLANET SURVEY; COBE DIRBE DATA; MU-M SPECTRA AB Infrared astronomical measurements are calibrated against reference sources, usually primary standard stars that are, in turn, calibrated either by direct or indirect means. A direct calibration compares the star with a certified source, typically a blackbody. Indirect methods extrapolate a direct measurement of the flux at one wavelength to the flux at another. Historically, a Lyr (Vega) has been used as the primary standard as it is bright, easily accessible from the northern hemisphere, and is well calibrated in the visual. Until recently, the direct absolute infrared calibrations of a Lyr and those derived from the absolute solar flux scaled to the observed spectral energy distributions of solar type stars increasingly diverged with wavelength from those obtained using a model atmosphere to extrapolate the absolute visual flux of Vega into the infrared. The exception is the direct calibration by the 1996/97 Midcourse Space Experiment of the absolute fluxes for a number of the commonly used infrared standard stars, including Vega. In the mid-1980s, the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory began a program that led to the establishment of a network of stars with which to calibrate infrared space-based sensors. a Lyr and a CMa were adopted as the fundamental references and the absolute 1.2 to 35 mum infrared spectral energy distributions for the 616 secondary standard stars in the network were derived through spectral and photometric comparisons with the primary standards. The stars are also used for calibration at ground-based infrared observatories. For applications in which the network stars may not be bright enough, particularly at the longer infrared wavelengths, planets and the larger asteroids are used. Planets and asteroids move and rather sophisticated thermal modeling of the bodies is required to predict the disk-integrated brightness at a specific time with reasonable accuracy. The Infrared Space Observatory applied such a sophisticated 'thermo-physical' model to the largest asteroids to support calibration of the sensors to a claimed accuracy of within 5%. The AFRL program also created a spectral atlas of the brightest stars in the sky that, although they are variable, may be used for calibration if the large( r) attendant uncertainties are acceptable. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 178 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2004 VL 113 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s11214-005-1700-9 PG 48 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 867QO UT WOS:000224857500003 ER PT S AU Davis, TM Melanson, D AF Davis, TM Melanson, D BE Tchoryk, P Wright, M TI XSS-10 micro-satellite flight demonstration program results SO SPACECRAFT PLATFORMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spacecraft Platforms and Infrastructure CY APR 14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE micro-satellite; autonomous navigation; proximity operations AB Air Force Research Laboratory's space experiment XSS-10 was flown on the Air Force Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) mission IIR-8 launched on January 29, 2003. The mission objectives of XSS-10 were to demonstrate autonomous navigation, proximity operations, and inspection of a Resident Space Object (RSO). XSS-10 was a 28-kilogram micro-satellite was launched as a secondary mission on a Delta II expendable launch vehicle carrying a GPS satellite. XSS-10 was equipped with a visible camera, a star sensor, and mini SGLS system, all specially built for this program. In addition, a visible camera was attached to the second stage to observe the release of the micro-satellite and observe its maneuvers. Following the release of the GPS satellite, the Delta H initiated three depletion burns to reorient into an 800 KM circular orbit. The XSS-10 was ejected from the Delta II second stage approximately 18 hours after launch. Operating autonomously on a preplanned course, XSS-10 performed its mission of navigating around the Delta II second stage at preplanned positions; the micro-satellite took images of the second stage and send them back to earth in real time. During these demonstrations the XSS-10 mission operations team accomplished responsive checkout of the micro-satellite and all of its subsystems, autonomous navigation on a preplanned course and a variety of algorithms and mission operations that pave the way for more ambitious missions in the future. This paper will discuss the results of the mission and post mission analysis of the XSS-10 space flight. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Davis, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5342-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5419 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.544316 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAX95 UT WOS:000224149300002 ER PT S AU Huenemoerder, DP Boroson, B Schulz, NS Canizares, CR Buzasi, DL Preston, HL Kastner, JH AF Huenemoerder, David P. Boroson, Bram Schulz, Norbert S. Canizares, Claude R. Buzasi, Derek L. Preston, Heather L. Kastner, Joel H. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI Stellar coronal spectroscopy with the Chandra HETGS SO Stars as Suns: Activity, Evolution and Planets SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; T-TAURI STARS; HYDRAE; DISK; ACCRETION; IMAGES AB Spectroscopy with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) provides details on X-ray emission and activity from young and cool stars through resolution of emission lines from a variety of ions. We are beginning to see trends in activity regarding abundances, emission measures, and variability. Here we contrast spectra of TV Crt, a weak-lined T Tauri star (WTT), with TW Hya, a Classical T Tauri star (CTT). TV Crt has a spectrum more like magnetic activity driven coronae, relative to the TW Hya spectrum, which we have interpreted as due to accretion-produced X-rays. We have also observed the long period system, IM Pegasi to search for rotational modulation, and to compare activity in a long period active binary to shorter period systems and to the pre-main sequence stars. We detected no rotational modulation, but did see long-duration flares. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Huenemoerder, DP (reprint author), MIT, 77 Vasar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300027 ER PT S AU Radick, RR Lockwood, GW Henry, GW Baliunas, SL AF Radick, Richard R. Lockwood, G. W. Henry, G. W. Baliunas, S. L. BA Dupree, AK BF Dupree, AK TI The variability of sunlike stars on decadal timescales SO Stars as Suns: Activity, Evolution and Planets SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 219th IAU Symposium on Stars as Suns - Activity, Evolution, and Planets CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID SUN-LIKE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC VARIATIONS AB We have combined observations of about 30 sunlike stars from Mount Wilson, Lowell, and Fairborn Observatories to extend our joint time series from 12 to 17 years. The full range of variation on the decadal timescale has probably now been observed for most of our program stars. Statistical relationships between chromospheric and brightness variability derived earlier by us are confirmed. Young active stars become fainter as their chromospheric Ca II HK emission increases, while older less active stars such as the Sun become brighter as their HK emission increases. The Sun's photometric variation still appears somewhat small in amplitude compared to the other stars in this sample with similar mean chromospheric activity. C1 Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Sunspot, NM USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Radick, RR (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Sunspot, NM USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-163-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 219 BP 264 EP 268 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFN67 UT WOS:000243338300032 ER PT S AU Buzasi, DL AF Buzasi, DL BE Favata, F Aigrain, S Wilson, A TI The performance of a high-precision photometrymission in space SO STELLAR STRUCTURE AND HABITABLE PLANET FINDING SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Eddington Workshop on Stellar Structure and Habitable Planet Finding CY APR 09-11, 2003 CL Palermo, ITALY SP European Space Agcy, INAF DE Stars : oscillations; instrumentation : photometers; techniques : photometric ID ALPHA-BOOTIS; OSCILLATIONS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY AB For approximately 17 months during 1999-2000, the star tracker camera on board the Wide-Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) satellite was used as an instrument to perform high-precision photometry in space. In this paper, I summarize the operating characteristics of the instrument; the data analysis techniques developed to support WIRE's new mission, and some recent scientific results. In addition, I discuss lessons learned from this first asteroseismology mission in space, and their applicability to upcoming missions such as Eddington. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Buzasi, DL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-848-4 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 538 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAD67 UT WOS:000221678200026 ER PT B AU Rosenberger, AH AF Rosenberger, AH BE Green, KA Pollock, TM Harada, H Howson, TE Reed, RC Schirra, JJ Walston, S TI The effect of partial vacuum on the fatigue crack growth of nickel base superalloys SO Superalloys 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 19-23, 2004 CL Champion, PA SP TMS Seven Springs Int Symp Comm, TMS High Temp Alloys Comm, ASM Int DE environmental effects; fatigue crack growth; Ni-base superalloy; partial pressure of oxygen ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION AB The effect of a partial vacuum environment, simulative of a typical spin-pit test atmosphere, on the high temperature crack growth behavior of two nickel-base superalloys was examined. Under constant amplitude loading, the partial vacuum typically reduced the crack propagation rate in one alloy while an increase in growth rate was found for the other. Cycling with a superposed tensile dwell period increased the crack growth rates at low levels of Delta K relative to those found in air for both alloys. This anomalous behavior was heretofore not recognized and raises doubt as to our understanding of the environmental drivers on fatigue crack propagation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLMN,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosenberger, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLMN,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-576-X PY 2004 BP 233 EP 239 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BBX42 UT WOS:000228231000026 ER PT B AU Li, K Ashbaugh, NE Rosenberger, AH AF Li, K Ashbaugh, NE Rosenberger, AH BE Green, KA Pollock, TM Harada, H Howson, TE Reed, RC Schirra, JJ Walston, S TI Crystallographic initiation of nickel-base superalloy IN100 at RT and 538 degrees C under low cycle fatigue conditions SO Superalloys 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 19-23, 2004 CL Champion, PA SP TMS Seven Springs Int Symp Comm, TMS High Temp Alloys Comm, ASM Int DE nickel-base superalloy; crystallographic plane; crack initiation; LCF; OIM ID CRACK-GROWTH; ALLOYS AB The crystallographic plane of IN100 at the initiation region of fracture surfaces under low cycle fatigue (LCF) conditions at RT and elevated temperature was identified. At RT fatigue cracks initiated on the {111} plane and at elevated temperature on the {001} plane. The initiation plane index was initially determined by investigating the gamma' shape in the gamma matrix of fracture surfaces around crack initiation sites and finally verified by orientation image microscopy (OIM). An OIM scan on a sample of original material indicated that local texture might promote a fatigue crack to reach a critical crack size. C1 MLLMN, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, K (reprint author), MLLMN, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-576-X PY 2004 BP 251 EP 258 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BBX42 UT WOS:000228231000028 ER EF