FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Caton, MJ Jha, SK Rosenberger, AH Larsen, JM AF Caton, MJ Jha, SK Rosenberger, AH Larsen, JM BE Green, KA Pollock, TM Harada, H Howson, TE Reed, RC Schirra, JJ Walston, S TI Divergence of mechanisms and the effect on the fatigue life variability of Rene' 88 DT SO SUPERALLOYS 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 19-23, 2004 CL Champion, PA SP TMS Seven Springs Int Symp Comm, TMS High Temp Alloys Comm, ASM Int DE nickel; superalloy; Rene 88; fatigue; variability; crack nucleation ID CRACK INITIATION PROCESS; P/M SUPER-ALLOYS; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; UDIMET-720; DEFECTS; ORIGINS C1 AFRL, MLLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP AFRL, MLLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-576-X PY 2004 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BBX42 UT WOS:000228231000035 ER PT B AU Parthasarathy, T Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM AF Parthasarathy, T Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM BE Green, KA Pollock, TM Harada, H Howson, TE Reed, RC Schirra, JJ Walston, S TI A fast spreadsheet model for the yield strength of superalloys SO Superalloys 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 19-23, 2004 CL Champion, PA SP TMS Seven Springs Int Symp Comm, TMS High Temp Alloys Comm, ASM Int DE yield strength; superalloys; model; spreadsheet ID ANTIPHASE-BOUNDARY ENERGIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ANOMALOUS FLOW; SOLID-SOLUTION; NI3AL; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB A methodology to rapidly evaluate the yield strength of superalloys using a fast spreadsheet model was explored. The results from a physics-based discrete dislocation simulation model were fit to polynomials. These were used along with appropriate heuristic logic, to develop a spreadsheet that can predict the yield strength from the composition, and microstructural parameters of an alloy. The model was compared with data available for a series of superalloys and found to have good correspondence. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MMLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MMLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-576-X PY 2004 BP 887 EP 896 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BBX42 UT WOS:000228231000101 ER PT B AU Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Seekely, MJ Florando, JN Nix, WD AF Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Seekely, MJ Florando, JN Nix, WD BE Mukhopadhyay, SM Seal, S Dahotre, N Agarwal, A Smugeresky, JE Moody, N TI Mechanical property measurements of pure Ni, Ni3Al, and Ni-base superalloys at the micron-size scale SO SURFACES AND INTERFACES IN NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND TRENDS IN LIGA, MINIATURIZATION, AND NANOSCALE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Global Innovations Symposium held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Mat Proc & Mfg Div C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Direct, AFRL,MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Direct, AFRL,MLLMD, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-566-2 PY 2004 BP 321 EP 321 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79E UT WOS:000189464100045 ER PT S AU Akdim, B Duan, XF Shiffler, DA Pachter, R AF Akdim, B Duan, XF Shiffler, DA Pachter, R BE Armstrong, R Thadhani, N Wilson, W Gilman, J Simpson, R TI Single-wall carbon nanotubes field emission properties: A theoretical study of the effects of Cs SO SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF ENERGETIC/REACTIVE NANOMATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Energetic/Reactive Nanomaterials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID EMITTERS; BUNDLES; CESIUM; STATES AB Carbon nanotubes-based materials appeal for explosive emission, in forming cathode plasma, of interest for high-power microwave tubes. Cs intercalation has demonstrated a significant reduction of the work function of carbon nanotubes, thus improving field emission properties. An understanding of the detailed adsorption effects is important because the current saturation is attributed, in part, to adsorption mechanisms. In this paper, we report a density functional theory study of the effects of Cs on field emission of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), as an example of an approach to be taken for a fundamental understanding of such properties. C1 Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-738-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 800 BP 339 EP 347 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY95X UT WOS:000189504700034 ER PT S AU Riker, J Fugate, R Holcomb, T Kann, J Lowrey, WH Slavin, AC Spinhirne, JM Tuffli, AL Brown, J AF Riker, J Fugate, R Holcomb, T Kann, J Lowrey, WH Slavin, AC Spinhirne, JM Tuffli, AL Brown, J BE Valley, MT Vorontsov, MA TI Active tracking with moderate power lasers SO TARGET-IN-THE-LOOP: ATMOSPHERIC TRACKING, IMAGING, AND COMPENSATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target-in-the-Loop - Atmospheric Tracking, Imaging and Compensation CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE lasers; illuminators; active tracking; beam control; large optics AB Progress on active tracking at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR) has been significant in the years 2003-2004. We have obtained laser returns from a number of retro-reflector and also unaugmented satellite objects, and compared the signal returns to theories presented in previous SPIE papers (ref. 1-3). These results have concentrated on very low-power, sinusoidally-modulated lasers and a large-aperture, phase-sensitive detection receiver to discriminate the return signal from background and noise. This year, we have installed and used a much higher average power, high-repetition-rate pulsed laser in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Results from these laser engagements will be presented along with simulation and theoretical comparisons. Techniques for diagnosing the laser uplink and the receiver systems will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Lab Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Riker, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Lab Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5490-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5552 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.562298 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ23 UT WOS:000225751300012 ER PT S AU Dills, AN Perram, GP Gustafson, SC AF Dills, AN Perram, GP Gustafson, SC BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Detonation discrimination techniques using a near-infrared focal plane array camera SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS X: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds X CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared imagery; bomb detonation; explosions; near-infrared imagery; fisher discrimination analysis AB This research investigates the classification of battlespace detonations, specifically the determination of munitions type and size using image features from an infrared wavelength camera. Experimental data are collected for the detonation of several types of conventional munitions with different high explosive materials and different weights. Key features are identified for discriminating various types and sizes of detonation flashes. These features include statistical parameters derived from the time dependence of fireball size. Using Fisher linear discriminant techniques, these features are projected onto a line such that the projected points are maximally clustered for different classes of detonations. Bayesian decision boundaries for classification are then determined. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gustafson, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5354-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5431 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.543082 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW61 UT WOS:000223909000008 ER PT S AU Lowry, HS Crider, DH Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT AF Lowry, HS Crider, DH Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT BE Murrer, RL TI Implementation of scene simulation technologies in the AEDC space chambers SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE IN THE LOOP TESTING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing IX CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; vacuum chamber AB A continual effort to develop the latest scene simulation technologies into actual space simulation test chambers is necessary to ensure that the U.S. has the proper ground test capabilities to test space defense systems. This involves the integration of high-fidelity, complex, and dynamic scene projection systems, including multiple-band source subsystems and the spectral tailoring methods used to simulate the desired target temperatures. Comprehensive analysis and measurement of the properties of the optical components involved are also required. This paper discusses implementation of these techniques in the space sensor test facilities of the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC). C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dept Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dept Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5331-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5408 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.539845 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BAV20 UT WOS:000223715400009 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Dosser, L Hix, K AF Blackshire, JL Dosser, L Hix, K BE Meyendorf, N Baaklini, GY Michel, B TI Laser processing of-micro-cracks for structural life extension SO TESTING, RELIABILITY, AND APPLICATION OF MICRO- AND NANO-MATERIAL SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Testing, Reliability and Application of Micro- and Nano-Materials Systems II CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE laser heat treatment; microcrack; nondestructive evaluation AB A considerable amount of work has recently been applied to the development of laser processing techniques for a wide variety of applications. With regard to aging aircraft, laser processing techniques could play a role in inhibiting crack growth and extending the life of structural aircraft components. The basic concept involves the application of a sharply-focused, moderate power laser beam to a local microscopic defect site that has been detected through advanced NDE techniques. The defect could be a pitting corrosion site, a fretting region, or even a microcrack site. The laser would be raster-scanned across the defect, re-melting the site locally to a level where the sharp features of the defect are smoothed out, or perhaps re-melted completely to eliminate the flaw site altogether, thereby reducing stress concentration levels in the material. In order to test the feasibility of this basic concept, a series of measurements were made to study the effect of microscopic laser treatments applied to artificial defects in Al-2024-T3 aluminum and Ti-A16-4V titanium. The major results of the study showed a moderate to significant level of fatigue life enhancement for engineered notches in the I mm size range. The laser treatment approach may provide an opportunity for 'healing' structural defects in aerospace materials that would otherwise require expensive and time-consuming part replacements in aging aircraft structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5309-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5392 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.540299 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAS09 UT WOS:000223343100017 ER PT B AU Clemons, WK Grundel, DA Jeffcoat, DE AF Clemons, WK Grundel, DA Jeffcoat, DE BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Applying simulated annealing to the multidimensional assignment problem SO THEORY AND ALGORITHMS FOR COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS SE SERIES ON COMPUTERS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2003 CL Destin, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn DE multidimensional assignment problem; simulated annealing AB The multidimensional assignment problem (MAP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that is known to be NP-hard, and therefore, heuristic methods are generally used to find good solutions to it. The problem has many recognized applications such as multi-agent path planning, data association, and multi-searcher problems. Simulated annealing has proven to be effective in solving many combinatorial optimization problems, but we find no references in the literature in which simulated annealing is applied to the MAP. In this chapter, we evaluate a simulated annealing algorithm for solving the MAP and report experimental results using several controlling factors in the algorithm. These factors include the cooling schedule and initial temperature, the neighborhood definition, and the method of finding a starting solution. A design of experiments approach is used to find the most effective controlling factors in the algorithm. Algorithm performance measures include time to solution and quality of solution. For a small problem, the algorithm finds the optimal solution in every case tested. For a large problem, the algorithm finds results that average 1.2 units from the optimal solution. The results show that simulated annealing is an effective method for solving the MAP. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Clemons, WK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-020-3 J9 SER COMPUTERS OPER R PY 2004 VL 4 BP 45 EP 61 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BCV50 UT WOS:000231415600003 ER PT B AU Curtis, JW AF Curtis, JW BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Lyapunov-based partial stabilization of a nonholonomic UAV model with polytopic input constraints SO THEORY AND ALGORITHMS FOR COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS SE SERIES ON COMPUTERS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2003 CL Destin, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn AB This chapter presents a practical method for regulating the position of a nonholonomic system (the well-studied unicycle model) to the origin in finite time. The technique is based on a (weak) bi-partite control Lyapunov function (clf), and it produces a family of piece-wise continuous stabilizing control laws. This clf-based approach guarantees regulation to the origin even when the system is subject to rectangular or polytopic actuator constraints, such as minimum forward velocity and maximum turn rates. It also offers the designer the flexibility to incorporate performance objectives other than stabilization via a point-wise control value selection. Specifically, we employ the vertex enumeration algorithm to derive a complete parameterization of a constrained stabilizing set of input commands at any particular state. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Curtis, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-020-3 J9 SER COMPUTERS OPER R PY 2004 VL 4 BP 101 EP 115 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BCV50 UT WOS:000231415600006 ER PT B AU Jeffcoat, DE AF Jeffcoat, DE BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Coupled detection rates: An introduction SO THEORY AND ALGORITHMS FOR COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS SE SERIES ON COMPUTERS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2003 CL Destin, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn DE cooperative search; target detection; cueing; Markov chain ID SEARCH AB The case of two cooperative searchers is examined, and the effect of cueing on the probability of target detection is derived from first principles using a Markov chain analysis. There are two main results: first, that the effect of cueing can be quantified, and second, that there is an upper bound on the benefit of cueing. Both results are presented in closed form. The joint probability of detection for two independent searchers is derived from Koopman's formula for a single searcher, and is shown to be a special case of one of the results in this chapter. Extensions of the model are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Jeffcoat, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-020-3 J9 SER COMPUTERS OPER R PY 2004 VL 4 BP 157 EP 167 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BCV50 UT WOS:000231415600008 ER PT B AU Pfister, HL Walls, JM AF Pfister, HL Walls, JM BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Possibility reasoning and the cooperative prisoner's dilemma SO THEORY AND ALGORITHMS FOR COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS SE SERIES ON COMPUTERS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2003 CL Destin, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn DE Boolean logic functions; decision making; fuzzy logic; linear programming; possibility theory; logical paradox; cooperative prisoner's dilemma AB The problems of reasoning and uncertainty have been studied since the invention of probability three hundred and fifty years ago. This research presents a method for cooperative possibility reasoning with uncertainty developed for logical proposition inferences. The approach explicitly includes "uncertain" as a logic state along with "true" and "false". This leads to a model for possibility variables that can be solved as a linear program. The logical inference from the proposition states can be computed in terms of the possibility variables using the methods from fuzzy set and logic. The Prisoner's Dilemma and Epiminides paradox are used to illustrate the unique features available through the use of possibility reasoning with uncertainty. In addition this research illustrates how variables can be linked with both "AND" and "OR" conjunctions. The Prisoner's Dilemma shows how the two prisoners can cooperate in decision making. This model allows the prisoners to make decisions based on the possible trust for each other. Robert Axelrod made the Prisoner's Dilemma cooperative reasoning problem popular in 1986 and has explored the complexity of cooperation for many years. In contrast the 2000-year-old Epiminides Paradox is solved to illustrate the novel features of possibility reasoning with uncertainty for dealing with contradictory statements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Pfister, HL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-020-3 J9 SER COMPUTERS OPER R PY 2004 VL 4 BP 391 EP 421 PG 31 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BCV50 UT WOS:000231415600018 ER PT B AU Schulz, CS Jacques, DR Pachter, M AF Schulz, CS Jacques, DR Pachter, M BE Grundel, D Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Cooperative control simulation validation using applied probability theory SO THEORY AND ALGORITHMS FOR COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS SE SERIES ON COMPUTERS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2003 CL Destin, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn AB Several research simulations have been created to support development and refinement of teamed autonomous agents using decentralized cooperative control algorithms. Simulation is the necessary tool to evaluate the performance of decentralized cooperative control algorithms, however these simulations lack a method to validate their output. This work presents a method to validate the performance of a decentralized cooperative control simulation environment for an autonomous Wide Area Search Munition (WASM). Rigorous analytical methods for six wide area search and engagement scenarios involving Uniform, Normal, and Poisson distributions of N real targets and M false target objects are formulated to generate expected numbers of target attacks and kills for a searching WASM. The mean value based on the number of target attack and kills from Monte Carlo simulations representative of the individual scenarios are compared to the analytically derived expected values. Emphasis is placed on Wide Area Search Munitions operating in a multiple target environment where a percentage of the total targets are either false targets or may be misconstrued as false by varying the capability of the WASM's Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) capability.(d). C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schulz, CS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-020-3 J9 SER COMPUTERS OPER R PY 2004 VL 4 BP 481 EP 498 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BCV50 UT WOS:000231415600021 ER PT B AU Joo, J Sanders, B Forster, E AF Joo, J Sanders, B Forster, E BE Breitbach, EJ Campanile, LF Monner, HP TI Design of aerospace structures using a distributed energy approach SO THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conferenc on Adaptive Structures and Technologies CY OCT 07-09, 2002 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Struct Mech, Ctr Excellence Adaptronik, Leitprojekt Adaptronik, Maschinemarkt, New Mat Lower Saxony, Piezomechanik GmbH AB The energy relations of a typical aeroelastic section with a conformal trailing edge control surface are investigated. Expressions are derived that show the relationship between the energy required to deflect the control surface in a steady flow field and the resulting aerodynamic performance using a new definition of (loaded and unloaded) energy efficiency. Structures that utilize an integrated network of actuators to efficiently change shape for improved aerodynamic performance must be designed with an understanding of the total system behavior. A parametric study is conducted to determine trends in the energy efficiency and actuation input energy of a conformal control surface of varying bending stiffness. A methodology is developed to identify regions of minimum energy required to deflect the conformal trailing edge control surface with respect to the flap-to-cord ratio, the elastic axis position, the dynamic pressure, and the control surface shape. C1 AFRL, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Joo, J (reprint author), AFRL, VASD, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1927-7 PY 2004 BP 141 EP 150 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX75F UT WOS:000186330800011 ER PT B AU Reich, GW Bowman, JC Sanders, B AF Reich, GW Bowman, JC Sanders, B BE Breitbach, EJ Campanile, LF Monner, HP TI Application of adaptive structures technology to high altitude long endurance sensor platforms SO THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conferenc on Adaptive Structures and Technologies CY OCT 07-09, 2002 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Struct Mech, Ctr Excellence Adaptronik, Leitprojekt Adaptronik, Maschinemarkt, New Mat Lower Saxony, Piezomechanik GmbH AB Adaptive structures technology has been identified as a key driver for the successful development of high altitude, long endurance reconnaissance vehicles. To investigate this assertion, a study is conducted using a simplified model of such a vehicle. Performance requirements such as roll control at landing and minimum drag in loiter are addressed in order to evaluate the relative improvement of an adaptive vehicle system over traditional designs. Using a simplified aeroelastic model, an attempt is made to provide the required rolling moment on landing using twist on the outboard wing section only. Additionally, using combinations of twist and camber, it is shown that the lift-to-drag ratio can be improved in cruise and loiter. The result is reduced gross weight for fixed endurance or increased endurance for fixed gross weight. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reich, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1927-7 PY 2004 BP 423 EP 434 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX75F UT WOS:000186330800035 ER PT J AU Holliday, SL Saklad, AR Garcia-Cavasos, R Fischbach, M Padilla, PA McGlasson, D Brey, RL AF Holliday, SL Saklad, AR Garcia-Cavasos, R Fischbach, M Padilla, PA McGlasson, D Brey, RL TI Risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in SLE: San Antonio lupus study of neuropsychiatric disease SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies CY NOV 14-18, 2004 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA C1 S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2004 VL 114 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 911OZ UT WOS:000228015200112 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, D Porta, S Bacher, H Knapp, M Spencer, K Merback, J Leitner, T AF Westmoreland, D Porta, S Bacher, H Knapp, M Spencer, K Merback, J Leitner, T TI The effect of magnesium supplementation on exercise-induced plasma magnesium shifts and lactic acid accumulation in female youths SO TRACE ELEMENTS AND ELECTROLYTES LA English DT Article DE blood Ca2+; blood Mg2+; exercise physiology; mineral enriched diet ID ERYTHROCYTE MAGNESIUM; ELECTROLYTE; INTENSITY; BLOOD; MEN AB Ten female subjects of a boarding school in Austria were given meals with a high Mg2+ and Ca2+ content for a 10-day period. Before and after the diet change, subjects completed a standardized, 9-minute cycle ergometry program that consisted of 3 x 3-minute intervals with power outputs of 50, 100, and 150 watts. Blood samples were taken before and after ergometry. Mg2+ consumption was calculated at only 257 mg/day, nevertheless, it resulted in a 9.3% increase in plasma Mg2+ (p < 0.01). Before the diet change, subjects experienced small increases or decreases in plasma Mg2+ in response to exercise, their increase in lactate was strongly correlated with the Mg2+ shift (p < 0.01). Their basal Mg2+ levels were not correlated with the Mg2+ shift. After the diet change, plasma Mg2+ change (A value) after exercise was 13 times greater, the correlation between the Mg2+ shift and lactate was not significant any more (p > 0.1), and basal Mg2+ levels were strongly correlated with the Mg2+ shift (p < 0.01). These results indicate that the aerobic benefits of Mg2+ supplementation may be limited to hypomagnesic individuals, in addition, they may explain why studies have reported differences in the direction and magnitude of the Mg2+ shift induced by exercise. C1 Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Pathophysiol, A-8010 Graz, Austria. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Inst Appl Stress Res, Bad Radkersburg, Austria. RP Porta, S (reprint author), Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Pathophysiol, Heinrichstr 31, A-8010 Graz, Austria. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI OBERHACHING PA BAJUWARENRING 4, D-82041 OBERHACHING, GERMANY SN 0174-7371 J9 TRACE ELEM ELECTROLY JI Trace Elem. Electrolytes PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 816AH UT WOS:000221082300008 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, D Orland, U Porta, S AF Westmoreland, D Orland, U Porta, S TI The diurnal rhythm of its probable influence plasma magnesium and on the exercise-induced plasma magnesium shift SO TRACE ELEMENTS AND ELECTROLYTES LA English DT Article DE diurnal rhythm; circadian rhythm; plasma ions; magnesium ID INTACT PARATHYROID-HORMONE; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS; ERYTHROCYTE MAGNESIUM; CIRCADIAN VARIATION; INTENSITY; HUMANS; BLOOD; SERUM; MEN; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: During exercise, Mg2+ shifts among compartments, resulting in transient increases or decreases in plasma Mg2+. Lack of predictability in the direction of this Mg2+ shift has curtailed efforts to understand the broader role of Mg2+ in exercise physiology. In a previous study, we showed that basal (pre-exercise) Mg2+ levels influence the magnitude and direction of the exercise-induced Mg2+ shift. We hypothesized that if the diurnal rhythm of plasma Mg2+ is Of sufficient amplitude, it could cause inconsistent Mg2+ shifts when ergometric tests are run at different times of day. In this study, we quantified the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm. Material and methods: We sampled blood from 12 volunteers at 6-h intervals over a 72-h period. Sampling times were offset so that the compiled data would provide samples at 3-h intervals. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Results: Electrolyte levels were markedly homeostatic, with coefficients of variation that ranged from 0.6% - 6.81%. Plasma Mg2+ had the greatest diurnal variation. All 4 electrolytes exhibited a regular diurnal rhythm; Mg2+ and K+ had the closest fit to a sine curve, with R-2 values of 0.70 and 0.53, respectively. Plasma Mg2+ concentrations peak around 3:30 a.m. and reach their lowest point around 15:30 p.m. The diurnal rhythm among all 4 electrolytes is weakly synchronous. Conclusion: Plasma Mg2+ exhibits a diurnal rhythm with an amplitude of about 12% of the daily high. This is probably sufficient to influence the exercise-induced plasma Mg2+ shift. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ DFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Inst Appl Strees Res, Bad Radkersburg, Germany. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Pathophysiol, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Westmoreland, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ DFB, 2355 Fac Dr Suite,2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM davidwestmoreland@usafa.af.mil NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI OBERHACHING PA BAJUWARENRING 4, D-82041 OBERHACHING, GERMANY SN 0174-7371 J9 TRACE ELEM ELECTROLY JI Trace Elem. Electrolytes PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 841WX UT WOS:000222963800010 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, H Mall, S TI Effect of dissimilar mating materials and contact force on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; dissimilar materials; finite element analysis ID CRACK INITIATION; STEEL; PAD; PRESSURE AB Fretting fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, in contact with two pad materials having quite differing values of hardness and elastic modulus (aluminum alloy 2024 and Inconel 718) using "cylinder-on-flat" configuration was investigated at different applied stress levels and contact forces. Applied contact forces for both pad materials were selected to provide two Hertzian peak pressures of 292 and 441 MPa. Finite element analyses of all tests were also conducted which showed that an increase in contact force resulted in a smaller relative slip amplitude and a larger width of stick zone. These two factors, along with the lower coefficient of friction during fretting, resulted in less fretting damage on the contact surface of specimen subjected to higher contact force relative to that at lower contact force regardless of the hardness difference of mating materials. Also, an increase in hardness resulted in greater fretting damage on the contact surface of specimens only at higher contact force. Further, the fretting fatigue life decreased with an increase of applied contact force at higher applied effective stress, while it increased at lower applied effective stress with both pad materials. These observations suggest that there is complex interaction among hardness difference between mating surfaces. relative slip amplitude, and stress state in the contact region during fretting fatigue of dissimilar materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0301-679X(03)00112-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 748NW UT WOS:000186868800004 ER PT S AU Snyder, D Watts, D Gordon, J Trolinger, J Weber, D Nichols, R Chenette, E Hudson, R AF Snyder, D Watts, D Gordon, J Trolinger, J Weber, D Nichols, R Chenette, E Hudson, R BE Snyder, DR TI Development of a high-speed ballistic holography camera for field experiments SO ULTRAHIGH- AND HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY, PHOTONICS, AND VIDEOGRAPHY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrahigh- and High-Speed Photography, Photonics and Videography CY AUG 07-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE holography; high speed holographic Imaging; holographic movie; pulsed interferometry; ballistics; impact; particle imaging AB Air Force Research Laboratory and MetroLaser, Inc. researchers have completed the initial development and transition to operational use of portable field holography systems. This paper documents the first fully operational use of a novel and unique experimental capability for remote field holography. In this paper we document the field trials and initial experiments that were performed with the Remote Holographic Interferometry System (RHIS) at the Munitions Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory Site at Eglin, AFB, Florida. These experiments were performed to assess the effectiveness of remote pulsed laser holography combined with high-speed videography to document the formation and propagation of plumes of materials created by impact of high-speed projectiles. This paper details the development of the experimental procedures and initial results of this new tool. C1 AF Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Snyder, D (reprint author), AF Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5083-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5210 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.509625 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY69Y UT WOS:000189441900004 ER PT B AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE GP ieee TI Differential switched oscillators and associated antennas, part 2 SO ULTRAWIDEBAND AND ULTRASHORT IMPULSE SIGNALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Ultrawideband and Ultrashort Impulse Signals CY SEP 19-22, 2004 CL Sevastopol, UKRAINE SP USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, IEEE, Antennas& Propagat Soc, State Sci Res Inst Radar Syst, NASU Radio Astron Inst, Ukrainian Sci Acad SMF Inst Automat Syst AB Building on previous results, switched oscillators and associated antennas are extended to new variations. Differential systems are considered with in-line differential oscillators near the reflector focus for the purpose of increasing the voltage delivered to the antenna and thereby the far field. This leads to the concept of a separated reflector with two ground planes, two separated reflector foci, and a space between the ground planes for placing pulse-power equipment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8673-6 PY 2004 BP 13 EP 15 DI 10.1109/UWBUS.2004.1388037 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBK80 UT WOS:000225921000001 ER PT S AU Schulteis, TM Price, JG AF Schulteis, TM Price, JG BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Project stork UAV/UGV collaborative initiative SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VI CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE JAUS; urban operations; common OCU; Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV); UAV AB One of the key issues in military urban operations is the ability to obtain timely situational awareness of the target area. One solution utilizes Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) to provide this information but challenges remain as to how to accurately emplace and control these vehicles from extended ranges. This research and development project, Stork, demonstrated the capability to aerially insert a UGV from a UAV into an area of operations and then use a communications relay pod on the UAV to extend the range of control of UGVs. The UGV insertion was done using a parachute delivery system from after an altitude of 400 feet. The communications relay pod effectively increased the tele-operated control range of the UGV from typical 1-2 km line-of-sight limitation. Tele-operated control was demonstrated out to a distance of 26 km. Transparent to the physical elements of the demonstration was the integration of the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) on the UGVs which allows a single operator control unit (OCU) to control multiple disparate UGVs simply by selecting a particular UGV from a drop-down menu. The ability to control multiple vehicles on the ground at the extended range and switch control from one vehicle to the next and back was also successfully demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Schulteis, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLQF, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5345-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5422 BP 414 EP 425 DI 10.1117/12.553047 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics; Transportation GA BAX98 UT WOS:000224151200042 ER PT B AU Swaby, J AF Swaby, J BE Carapezza, EM TI A sensor array is the solution to the CBRNE problem SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS SE BBA LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned and Unattended Sensors and Sensors Networks CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP SPIE, AF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, UK, QinetiQ, Sira, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, Forsvarets Forskningsinst DE sensor array; expeditionary forces; cyclic development AB Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear/Explosives (CBRNE) is a threat to all forces that deploy to any part of the globe. Lightweight expeditionary forces are especially vulnerable because they operate with minimum force structure in or near enemy forces and may become indirect targets due to the proximity of opposing forces. There is currently no integrated tactical, agile CBRNE detect-to-warn and detect-to-treat detection system suitable for lightweight expeditionary forces. The current solutions are often outside the deployment and support constraints of expeditionary forces. Expeditionary forces, typically, require a 30-day capability without re-supply and must maximize resources. Situational awareness is limited with little or no automation. Due to the limitations in existing detectors, no detector has been found to be the magic bullet for all types of agents. An array of sensors that are redundant and overlap the capabilities of each and the limitations of each technology, on the other hand, would provide a level of security that is progressively more acceptable to the warfighter. Intially, the array will be composed of integrated commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and government-off-the-shelf (GOTS) CBRNE samplers, identification devices, tamper sensors, and communications and alert equipment. The sensor array will plug-and-play new technologies as they become available. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Swaby, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5564-4 J9 BBA LIB PY 2004 VL 5611 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.578750 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBO63 UT WOS:000226746800019 ER PT B AU Hill, K Gulick, J Kent, B Van, T AF Hill, K Gulick, J Kent, B Van, T GP ieee computer society TI RCS analysis of the reinforced carbon-carbon tee-seals as potential "flight day 2" candidates in support of the Columbia accident investigation SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB During the Columbia Shuttle investigation, AFRL tried to identify a piece of on-orbit debris that originated from the Orbiter during its second day in space. This "Flight Day Two (FD2)" object was detected by UHF radar and tracked for three days before falling out of orbit. Extensive RCS measurements performed by AFRL and corresponding ballistic analysis by USAF Space Command narrowed the potential candidates down to just two possible classes of objects; (1) a section of Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) leading edge panel acreage, and (2) a section of RCC "Tee-seals ". During the investigation, AFRL was asked to estimate the UHF RCS of various whole and fragmentary Tee-seals originating between panel segment #6 and 1 on the Shuttle Orbiter left wing, in order to compare with the on-orbit UHF RCS observations. Since actual Orbiter Tee-seal hardware, either whole or fractured, from the left wing area were not available, we predicted UHF RCS on various virtual Tee-seal fragment geometries to confirm or eliminate the Tee-seal as a candidate for the FD2 object. In this paper, we summarize our RCS predictions which conclusively show that a whole or partial RCC Tee-seal could not be the FD2 object. This left the RCC panel acreage as the only known object that satisfies both the on-orbit observed ballistic and UHF RCS data, a confirming piece (of evidence in the Columbia investigation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200007 ER PT B AU Schulz, AE Greenwood, AD Cartwright, KL Mardahl, PJ Peterkin, RE Bruner, N Genonl, T Hughes, TP Welch, D AF Schulz, AE Greenwood, AD Cartwright, KL Mardahl, PJ Peterkin, RE Bruner, N Genonl, T Hughes, TP Welch, D GP ieee computer society TI Preliminary modeling of air breakdown with the ICEPIC code SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Interest in air breakdown phenomena has recently been re-kindled with the advent of advanced virtual prototyping of radio frequency (RF) sources for use in high power microwave (HPM) weapons technology. Air breakdown phenomena are of interest because the formation of a plasma layer at the aperture of an RF source decreases the transmitted power to the target, and in some cases can cause significant reflection of RF radiation. Understanding the mechanisms behind the formation of such plasma layers will aid in the development of maximally effective sources. This paper begins with some of the basic theory behind air breakdown, and describes two independent approaches to modeling the formation of plasmas, the dielectric fluid model and the Particle in Cell (PIC) approach. Finally we present the results of preliminary studies in numerical modeling and simulation of breakdown. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Schulz, AE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 56 EP 64 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200010 ER PT B AU Morton, SA Kholodar, D Billingsley, T Forsythe, JR Wurtzler, KE Squires, KD Cumming, RM Spalart, PR AF Morton, SA Kholodar, D Billingsley, T Forsythe, JR Wurtzler, KE Squires, KD Cumming, RM Spalart, PR GP ieee computer society TI Multidisciplinary applications of Detached-Eddy Simulation to separated flows at high Reynolds numbers (Challenge 92) SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB The current effort develops and demonstrates the application of high resolution turbulence modeling to flight mechanics and aeroelasticity of air vehicles at flight conditions where the vehicle is experiencing massively separated flow fields. The effort has both a basic research component to aid in developing the method and an applied component where the method is used to demonstrate an ability to simulate current DoD aircraft issues in flight mechanics and aeroelasticity. The high resolution turbulence method is a hybrid Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-Large Eddy-Simulation (LES) method introduced by Spalart et al. in 1997 called Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) implemented in an unstructured Navier-Stokes solver, Cobalt. In the basic research component, DES has been applied to an Aerospatiale-A airfoil at an angle of attack of 13.3 degrees and a Reynolds number of 2 million. The project is called DESFOIL and simulates laminar-to-turbulent transition, adverse pressure gradients, streamline curvature, and boundary layer separation of a 3-D airfoil strip. This study is in the early stages of developing a baseline for RANS and DES computations. DES has also been applied to flight mechanic and aeroelasticity problems of DoD air vehicles to demonstrate the utility of DES and also discover some of the nonlinear mechanisms causing these flight issues. The applications studied include the F/A-18E forced motion about the roll axis and one degree of freedom simulation of abrupt wing stall (AWS), the F/A-18C at conditions of tail buffet, and the ARGUS missile at conditions where it experiences coning motion. C1 USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Morton, SA (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 103 EP 111 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200016 ER PT B AU Sickles, WL AF Sickles, WL GP ieee computer society TI CFD in support of wind tunnel testing for aircraft/weapons integration SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID GODUNOV-TYPE METHODS AB Integrating data and computations using AEDC semiempirical and CFD techniques has provided vital support for integrating weapons with the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) and the Joint Unmanned Combat Air System (J-UCAS). The techniques and the processes used are described. Computational results were obtained using HPC assets, and when possible, the results were validated against wind tunnel data. The success of these validations has led to high confidence in the computational results and also to the use of computational results to provide data outside the tunnel operating envelope. This has led in turn to the elimination of tests and saved the two programs millions of dollars. In summary, the subject computations: 1) provided information for pretest planning; 2) corrected errors in wind tunnel data reduction and results; and 3) obtained results for configurations that could not be obtained in the wind tunnel because of physical limitations of the support systems as well as limitations of the tunnel operating envelope. Computations and analysis performed for the two programs have demonstrated that the Integrated Test and Evaluation process does reduce cost and risk. C1 Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. EM bill.sickles@arnold.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200018 ER PT B AU Melville, R Visbal, M Gordnier, R AF Melville, R Visbal, M Gordnier, R GP ieee computer society TI High fidelity methods and physics for UAV flow regimes SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Planned Air Force Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) will be limited by highly nonlinear flow regimes, so an advanced simulation capability has been applied to this class of problems. The proposed paper will document several large-scale computational studies and efforts to validate and to extend the solver capability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Ctr Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Melville, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Ctr Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200020 ER PT B AU Madden, TJ Miller, JH AF Madden, TJ Miller, JH GP ieee computer society TI Unsteady gas laser simulation SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 190 EP 198 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200026 ER PT B AU Gaitonde, DV Josyula, E AF Gaitonde, DV Josyula, E GP ieee computer society TI Tip-to-tail scramjet simulation with plasma-assisted control SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB A prominent pacing item in the quest for sustained hypersonic flight, and affordable access-to-space capability, is the development of an efficient air-breathing propulsion system. Key barriers of fluid dynamic origin includes, high thermal loads, shock/boundary layer interactions (SBLI) and fuel-air mixing at high-speeds, among other, all of which significantly degrade propulsion efficiency. One approach towards alleviating or eliminating these and other problems, and to provide a crucial energy management function, is to employ electromagnetic fields to control the relatively high temperature, low pressure environment encountered in proposed flight envelopes. To this end, several aspects of magnetogasdynamic (MGD) assisted scramjet flowpaths have been simulated using three-dimensional, integrated, multidisciplinary models requiring the large-scale resources available through the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP). In this paper, we describe the complex flow field encountered in a scramjet and its control at various electromagnetic parameters. Among the key conclusions derived from these high-fidelity simulations are the limiting nature of separation and vortical structure formation on MGD generator operation and the deleterious, effects of Hall currents, which induce non-intuitive system level asymmetries. Efforts have also focused on obtaining computationally intensive first-principles solutions for various high-temperature effects where phenomenological models have failed. Results from one of these, the modeling of detailed state-to-state kinetics of oxygen and nitrogen mixtures, is described, with emphasis on the derived insight into the phenomenon, of vibrational freezing in nozzles, which is a key factor in loss of scramjet propulsion efficiency. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VA, Air Vehicles Directorate,Computat Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VA, Air Vehicles Directorate,Computat Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 199 EP 205 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200027 ER PT B AU Gilmour, DA Hanna, JP Blank, G AF Gilmour, DA Hanna, JP Blank, G GP ieee computer society TI Dynamic resource allocation in an HPC environment SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Analysts within the military strategic planning process need to be able to anticipate and respond in real-time to a dynamically changing battlespace with counter actions. The capability is required to accept current information into a simulation and rapid v peer into the future at any given moment to derive hypotheses about future alternatives. It is virtually impossible to identify or predict the specific details of what might transpire. Our research interest is to develop techniques to assess potential courses of action (COAs) against the adversarial environment. Utilizing HPC technology, multiple force structure simulations can be dynamically executed in parallel to concurrently evaluate the hypothesis of assessing a given COA against a range of adversarial eCOAs. The uncertainty of the adversary decision process requires simulation capabilities that spawn multiple simulations from critical decision points to evaluate alternative eCOAs. The focus of this paper is on the development of a simulation framework that provides the foundation for faster than real-time parallel COA simulations. Within this framework is a requirement to be able to dynamically allocate and reallocate resources in an HPC environment. The authors will describe techniques to clone and create variant simulations in real-time and the dynamic system requirements and use of HPC nodes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IF, Adv Comp Technol Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Gilmour, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IF, Adv Comp Technol Branch, Rome, NY USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200035 ER PT B AU Hanna, JP Walter, MJ Hillman, RG AF Hanna, JP Walter, MJ Hillman, RG GP ieee computer society TI HPC performance analysis of a distributed information enterprise simulation SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Simulations of distributed information enterprises using the DIEMS framework([1]) were performed on HPC clusters and SMP machines. The simulation results were analyzed with respect to the computation time involved in each process, the number of times processes were executed, the number of simulation rollbacks invoked during each simulation, simulation overhead, and the total wall clock time used to perform the simulation. The analysis identified several performance limitations and bottlenecks. One critical limitation addressed and eliminated was simultaneously mixing a periodic process model with an event driven model causing rollbacks. The second major factor limiting performance on cluster based systems was the cross-node communication. An optimization technique that exploits the knowledge of the publication and subscription paradigm of the information architecture being simulated was developed. This paper describes the simulation analysis, the modifications to the simulation models, the development of an optimization technique, and the impact of the code improvements on simulation performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Adv Comp Technol Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Hanna, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Adv Comp Technol Branch, Rome, NY USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 280 EP 284 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200041 ER PT B AU Ruyten, W Sisson, WE AF Ruyten, W Sisson, WE GP ieee computer society TI Message passing for parallel processing of pressure-sensitive paint images SO USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL Williamsburg, VA SP User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB A message-passing scheme is described that allows parallel processing of pressure-sensitive paint images on a machine with multiple processors or a cluster with multiple nodes. The scheme implements the use of forks and pipes in the former case and socket-based TCP/IP communications in the latter. The approach demonstrates how multiple copies of a nonparallel legacy code (in this case, NASA's Green Boot software) can be made to run in parallel in either a parent-child or a client-server configuration. Results are presented for benchmark data from wind tunnel tests of an F-16C fighter jet model and NASA's X-38 Crew Return Vehicle. C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Ruyten, W (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2259-9 PY 2004 BP 308 EP 312 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBP31 UT WOS:000226863200047 ER PT J AU Ober, DM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ AF Ober, DM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ TI Testing the Hill model of transpolar potential saturation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hill model; transpolar potential; polar cap potential; saturation; MI coupling ID POLAR-CAP POTENTIALS; SOLAR-WIND; CONDUCTIVITY; IONOSPHERE; STORM; FIELD AB The Hill model predicts that the transpolar potential (Phi(PC)) saturates for strong solar wind electric fields (E-SW) and saturates at higher values for larger solar wind ram pressures (P-SW) and/or lower ionospheric Pedersen conductances (P-P). Three months of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) measurements of polar cap potentials have been compared with predictions of the Hill model. Data from representative days that span a wide range of interplanetary and solar-cycle conditions were selected for presentation. In the comparison we augmented the Hill model by adding a constant term to the magnetospheric potential and expressing Sigma(P) in terms of the 10.7-cm solar radio flux (F-10.7). Temporal variations in observed Phi(PC) are in good agreement with the predictions of the augmented Hill model. Comparison of two events with significantly different average P-SW but similar F-10.7 and E-SW found that DMSP observed higher potentials when P-SW was larger. DMSP also observed higher potentials when Sigma(P) was lower, when comparing two events with significantly different F-10.7 (solar minimum versus solar maximum) but similar P-SW and E-SW. Both comparisons agree with the predictions of the Hill model. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ober, DM (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 589 W Hollis St,Suite 201, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. EM dober@mrcnh.com; nmaynard@mrcnh.com; william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil NR 18 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A12 AR 1467 DI 10.1029/2003JA010154 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761JZ UT WOS:000187898400011 ER PT J AU Look, DC Coskun, C Claflin, B Farlow, GC AF Look, DC Coskun, C Claflin, B Farlow, GC TI Electrical and optical properties of defects and impurities in ZnO SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-22) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL UNIV AARHUS, AARHUS, DENMARK HO UNIV AARHUS ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ZINC-OXIDE; EXCITON COMPLEXES; SHALLOW DONOR; POINT-DEFECTS; BULK ZNO; HYDROGEN; FILMS; DEPOSITION; ACCEPTORS AB Advancements in ZnO device applications have fostered much interest in the electrical and optical activities of various defects and impurities in the material. Although it has long been known that Group III dopants, such as Al, make efficient donors, the roles of other impurities, such as H and N, are only recently being elucidated. The same is true of the simplest point defects, such as Zn and O vacancies and interstitials. Theoretical work has been essential in identifying and understanding various defects and impurities. For example, theory has shown that H is always a donor (not amphoteric), that the O vacancy is a deep donor, not shallow, and that the Zn interstitial is a shallow donor, in agreement with electron-irradiation (EI) experiments. Recent irradiation studies show that significant defect annihilations take place, even at low temperatures, thus showing why ZnO is so resistant to radiation effects. To develop applications involving electroluminescence, it will be necessary to identify a reliable acceptor dopant, and N, P, and As have been most thoroughly investigated so far. In fact, p-type samples with resistivities < 1 Omega-cm have been demonstrated, but certain questions remain unanswered. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ataturk Univ, Dept Phys, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 340 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.09.188 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765TR UT WOS:000188300200005 ER PT J AU Kalabukhova, EN Lukin, SN Savchenko, DV Mitchel, WC AF Kalabukhova, EN Lukin, SN Savchenko, DV Mitchel, WC TI Electrical and multifrequency EPR study of nonstoichiometric defects in 4H-SiC SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-22) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL UNIV AARHUS, AARHUS, DENMARK HO UNIV AARHUS DE semi-insulating SiC; intrinsic defects; EPR; Hall effect AB Two paramagnetic intrinsic defects P and ND1 have been studied in both C-rich n-type 4H-SiC and undoped semi-insulating (s.i.) 4H-SiC in the dark and under illumination of the s.i. sample with light at 140 and 37GHz in the temperature interval from 4.2 to 77 K. Photo EPR and Hall effect measurements indicate that P is a deep donor defect localized at E-C - 1.15 eV, while ND1 is shallow donor defect localized at E-C - 0.07 eV. Based on the observed C-13 hyperfine structure, and the C-rich growth conditions, we identify the P center with the silicon vacancy, while ND1, which exhibited a strong central hyperfine interaction with one C-13 atom, is attributed to the carbon antisite C-Si. Considering that the defects have spin S = (1)/(2), C-3V symmetry of the EPR spectrum and appear to be donor-like defects, P is attributed to the silicon vacancy in the -3 charge state (V-Si(3-)), whereas ND1 is suggested to be the carbon antisite in the single negative charge state (C-Si(-)). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kalabukhova, EN (reprint author), NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, PR Nauki 45, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM katia@i.kiev.ua RI Savchenko, Dariya/D-8476-2012 OI Savchenko, Dariya/0000-0002-0005-0732 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 31 PY 2003 VL 340 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.09.047 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765TR UT WOS:000188300200026 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Muller, RE Echternach, PM Kaspi, R AF Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Muller, RE Echternach, PM Kaspi, R TI Broad-stripe midinfrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers with laser-ablation confinement SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM QUALITY AB We investigate broad-stripe photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers emitting at lambda=4.4 mum. The beam quality improves dramatically when a laser ablation technique is used to eliminate parasitic Fabry-Perot-like modes, by inducing loss in the regions adjoining the pump stripe. Even though the peak of the gain spectrum never fully aligns with the grating resonance, for pulsed pumping the output beam is essentially diffraction limited up to a stripe width of 150 mum, and remains no worse than six times the diffraction limit for stripes as broad as 400 mum. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5383 EP 5385 DI 10.1063/1.1637153 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 757ET UT WOS:000187536400013 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Nguyen, KA Hufnagle, DC McLean, DG Su, WJ Gossett, KM Burke, AR Vinogradov, SA Pachter, R Fleitz, PA AF Rogers, JE Nguyen, KA Hufnagle, DC McLean, DG Su, WJ Gossett, KM Burke, AR Vinogradov, SA Pachter, R Fleitz, PA TI Observation and interpretation of annulated porphyrins: Studies on the photophysical properties of meso-tetraphenylmetalloporphyrins SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; SHIFTED ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; FREE-BASE PORPHYRINS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; OXYGEN MEASUREMENTS AB We present results of a joint computational and experimental study for a series of annulated metalloporphyrins in order to establish structure-property relationships. Specifically, we have examined the effects of substitution by meso-tetraphenylation, tetrabenzo and tetranaphtho annulation, and effects of changing the central metal from zinc (Zn) to palladium (Pd). Utilizing absorption and emission spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis techniques, the photophysical properties of these porphyrins have been determined. Upon the addition of benzo or naphtho groups, we observed an overall red shift in the ground state absorption spectra of both the B-bands and the Q-bands with increased conjugation and an increase in the Q-band to B-band intensity ratios. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed on both series of porphyrins to identify the effects of phenyl, benzo, and naphtho substituents on the spectra. The benzo and naphtho adducts provide a larger contribution (typically 40-90%) to the observed red shifts due to increased pi-conjugation, while there is a smaller contribution (typically 0-25%) from distortion of the porphyrin. Similarly, a red shift for the T-1-T-n absorption spectrum and an overall general broadening in the spectrum were found with increased conjugation. An increase in the triplet molar extinction coefficient through the near-infrared region with annulation was also found. Varying the metal has an effect on the overall absorption spectra; i.e., the ground state spectra of the Zn porphyrins are red-shifted relative to the Pd porphyrins. For the triplet excited state spectra there were small effects in the spectra by changing the metal with a significant contribution to the kinetic properties by the heavy atom effect of the Pd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, 3005 Hobson Way Bldg 651, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 64 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 51 BP 11331 EP 11339 DI 10.1021/jp0354705 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756BX UT WOS:000187446900009 ER PT J AU Peterson, RD Schepler, KL AF Peterson, RD Schepler, KL TI Timing modulation of a 40-MHz laser-pulse train for target ranging and identification SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We have demonstrated a target ranging and identification technique based on the timing modulation of a mode-locked laser coupled with fast incoherent detection. The range-to-target and the target-depth information have been determined with a resolution of better than 25 cm at single-pulse signal-to-noise ratios below 0.1. Our modeling results suggest that laser average power requirements remain a challenge, with upwards of 100 W likely needed for extension of this technique to ranges over 10 km, but improvements in overall system throughput would allow realization of its potential. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3109 P St,AFRL-SNJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rita.peterson@wpafb.af.mil RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 36 BP 7191 EP 7196 DI 10.1364/AO.42.007191 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756KB UT WOS:000187463300015 PM 14717298 ER PT J AU Fahmi, MME Khan, A Griffin, JA Harris, GL Robins, LH Birdwell, AG Kang, YS Smith, DJ Steiner, T Mohammad, SN AF Fahmi, MME Khan, A Griffin, JA Harris, GL Robins, LH Birdwell, AG Kang, YS Smith, DJ Steiner, T Mohammad, SN TI Nitrogen-activated bowing of dilute InyGa1-yAs1-xNx based on photoreflectance studies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; BAND-GAP; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE EXCITATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GAINNAS ALLOYS; ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETER; LAYERS AB The dependence of the fundamental band gap and higher-lying critical-point energies of dilute-nitrogen Ga1-yInyAs1-xNx epilayers on nitrogen mole fraction (x), for xless than or equal to0.0125, and temperature, from 20 to 300 K, was investigated by photoreflectance spectroscopy. The band gap, E-G, was found to decrease with increasing x in a highly nonlinear manner. The bowing parameter (the second-order parameter b in a quadratic expression for the dependence of E-G on x) was found to become less negative with increasing x; the value of b changed from -50 eV, at very low nitrogen fraction, to -20 eV, at x>0.01. These results strongly suggest that nitrogen-related impurity levels arise within the band gap of dilute-nitrogen Ga1-yInyAs1-xNx alloys. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 12 BP 7576 EP 7580 DI 10.1063/1.1625112 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 750AV UT WOS:000186969900029 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Liu, WD Koerner, H AF Vaia, RA Liu, WD Koerner, H TI Analysis of small-angle scattering of suspensions of organically modified montmorillonite: Implications to phase behavior of polymer nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE SAXS; clay; montmorillonite; dispersions; nanocomposites; colloids ID MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; SMECTITE CLAY COLLOIDS; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; MELT INTERCALATION; LATTICE MODEL AB A generalized model for scattering from a collection of independent (isolated) stacks of layers enabled predictions of and parameterized fits to small-angle X-ray scattering from layered silicate dispersions. From this fundamental development, example investigations that use small-angle scattering to examine the structure of organically modified montmorillonite dispersions in toluene and toluene-acetone blends provided detailed information on the distribution of the stacks (relative concentrations, K and fraction of individual layers, chi) and characteristics of the intercalated crystallite (mean number of layers per stack, ; layer repeat distance, D; and fractional stack disorder, delta). The analysis initially supported correlations with discotic phase behavior, which provides concise definitions for various morphologies (exfoliated, intercalated, and mixed). Finally, examination of the deviations between the scattering model and the experiment provided insights for improved experimental technique, more complete utilization of the scattering data, a sound basis for real-time observations, insight into inconsistencies between scattering and microscopy, and minimization of incorrect or overinterpretation of data. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 105 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 24 BP 3214 EP 3236 DI 10.1002/polb.10698 PG 23 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 748GG UT WOS:000186853700005 ER PT J AU Sinsawat, A Anderson, KL Vaia, RA Farmer, BL AF Sinsawat, A Anderson, KL Vaia, RA Farmer, BL TI Influence of polymer matrix composition and architecture on polymer nanocomposite formation: Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polymer nanocomposites; layered silicates; coarse-grained molecular dynamics; nanocomposites; molecular modeling; structure-property relations ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MELT INTERCALATION; CLAY COMPOSITES; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; BEHAVIOR; SURFACES; CONFINEMENTS; DIFFUSION; MIXTURES; KINETICS AB Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of stacks of two-dimensional platelets immersed in a polymer melt were performed to investigate aspects of the polymer matrix that promote the formation of intercalated or exfoliated nanocomposite structures. Such factors include temperature, copolymer architecture, and blend composition. Increasing the polymer-sheet attractive interaction led to binding of the sheets, where individual beads simultaneously attract two neighboring sheets, thus kinetically blocking intercalation by occupying the perimeter of the affected gallery. Polymers with a small polymer-sheet attraction, but having a strongly attractive chain end (end-functionalized polymers) minimized the bonding of adjacent sheets. These systems exhibited some sheet sliding because a majority of the confined polymer beads only interacted weakly with adjacent sheets; however, the number density of intercalated polymer was low. Mixtures of end-functionalized and nonfunctionalized polymers, however, yielded better intercalation efficiency. For the mixed system, the reduced number of highly attractive beads provided sufficient interaction for intercalation to occur, enabling greater intercalation rates, less sheet-bridging, and incorporation of the nonfunctionalized polymers into the galleries. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 24 BP 3272 EP 3284 DI 10.1002/polb.10696 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 748GG UT WOS:000186853700009 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH McCall, CL Nicholson, WL AF McQuiston, JH McCall, CL Nicholson, WL TI Zoonosis update - Ehrlichiosis and related infections SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; TROPICAL CANINE PANCYTOPENIA; AMITRAZ-IMPREGNATED COLLAR; RATS NEOTOMA-FUSCIPES; UNITED-STATES; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; IXODES-PACIFICUS; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAF, Biomed Sci Corp, Dept Def, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 90 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 12 BP 1750 EP 1756 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.223.1750 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 754JW UT WOS:000187313700024 PM 14690204 ER PT J AU Knox, KL Litts, DA Talcott, GW Feig, JC Caine, ED AF Knox, KL Litts, DA Talcott, GW Feig, JC Caine, ED TI Risk of suicide and related adverse outcomes after exposure to a suicide prevention programme in the US Air Force: cohort study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-ILLNESS; PEOPLE AB Objective To evaluate the impact of the US Air Force suicide prevention programme on risk of suicide and other outcomes that share underlying risk factors. Design Cohort study with quasi-experimental design and analysis of cohorts before (1990-6) and after (1997-2002) the intervention. Participants 5 260 292 US Air Force personnel (around 84% were men). Intervention A multilayered intervention targeted at reducing risk factors and enhancing factors considered protective. The intervention consisted of removing the stigma of seeking help for a mental health or psychosocial problem, enhancing understanding of mental health, and changing policies and social norms. Main outcome measures Relative risk reductions (the prevented fraction) for suicide and other outcomes. hypothesised to be sensitive to broadly based community prevention efforts, (family violence, accidental death, homicide). Additional outcomes not exclusively associated with suicide were included because of the comprehensiveness of the programme. Results Implementation of the programme was associated with a sustained decline in the rate of suicide and other adverse outcomes. A 33% relative risk reduction was observed for suicide after the intervention; reductions for other outcomes ranged from 18-54%. Conclusion A systemic intervention aimed at changing social norms about seeking help and incorporating training in suicide prevention has a considerable impact on promotion of mental health. The impact on adverse outcomes in addition to suicide strengthens the conclusion that the programme was responsible for these reductions in risk. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Study & Prevent Suiside, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Surgeon Gen, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Knox, KL (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Ctr Study & Prevent Suiside, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R13 MH62073, K01 MH066317-01, K24 MH01759] NR 14 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD DEC 13 PY 2003 VL 327 IS 7428 BP 1376 EP 1378A DI 10.1136/bmj.327.7428.1376 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 755PL UT WOS:000187417900017 PM 14670880 ER PT J AU Petro, JB Relman, DA AF Petro, JB Relman, DA TI Public health - Understanding threats to scientific openness SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Joint Mil Intelligence Coll, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20340 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Petro, JB (reprint author), Joint Mil Intelligence Coll, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20340 USA. NR 3 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 12 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5652 BP 1898 EP 1898 DI 10.1126/science.1092493 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752NL UT WOS:000187174000034 PM 14671279 ER PT J AU Bernstein, LS Chin, YH Gardner, JA Broadfoot, AL Lester, MI Tsiouris, M Dressler, RA Murad, E AF Bernstein, LS Chin, YH Gardner, JA Broadfoot, AL Lester, MI Tsiouris, M Dressler, RA Murad, E TI Molecular beams in space: Sources of OH(A -> X) emission in the space shuttle environment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PREDISSOCIATION RATES; THERMOSPHERIC MODEL; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; OH; RADIATION; STATE; DISSOCIATION; ATMOSPHERE; SCATTERING AB OH(A --> X) emission bands have been observed in the molecular beam jets produced by Space Shuttle engine exhaust using the GLO imager spectrograph located in the payload bay. Spectra were collected at a resolution of 4 Angstrom for both daytime and nighttime solar illumination conditions, all at an altitude of similar to390 km. A spectral analysis is presented that identifies and quantifies four separate OH(A) excitation processes. These include (i) solar-induced fluorescence of the OH(X) in the exhaust flow, (ii) solar-induced photodissociation of H2O in the exhaust at the strong Lyman-alpha solar emission line (1216 Angstrom), (iii) solar-induced photodissociation of H2O in the far UV, at shorter wavelengths than Lyman-alpha, and (iv) luminescent collisions between atmospheric species and exhaust constituents, most probably the reaction O + H2O --> OH(A) + OH(X). Process (i) produces a very rotationally cold and spectrally narrow component due to the rapid cooling of the OH(X) in the supersonic expansion of the exhaust flow. Processes (ii) and (iii) produce extremely excited OH(A), not well characterized by thermal vibrational or rotational distributions. The O + H2O chemiluminescent reaction has a substantial activation energy, 4.79 eV, and is only slightly above threshold for the ram geometry, where the engine exhaust is directed into the atmospheric wind. Evidence for process (iv) is observed in the night ram but not the night perpendicular exhaust atmospheric interaction, consistent with the threshold energy. Through the use of a nonequilibrium spectral emission model for OH, the integrated intensity, spectral distribution, and OH(A) internal state characterization for each of the above processes was deduced. Additional confirmation of the analysis is provided through the use of a model simulation of the space experiment to predict the total integrated intensities for processes (i) and (ii), for which the underlying spectroscopy, absorption cross sections, and solar excitation intensities are well established. Analysis of process (iii) has established, for the first time, a value for the far-UV conversion efficiency of absorbed photons to OH(A) photons of 0.26, which is twice the established value for Lyman-alpha. Under the assumption that O + H2O collisions are the source of process (iv), the analysis has established a chemiluminescence cross section at ram conditions of 1.7 x 10(-2) Angstrom(2). Evidence of OH(A) emission bands from predissociated vibrational levels suggests that the total reaction cross section for process (iv) may be significantly higher. While this cross section assumes a single-step reaction of O with H2O, the possibility of a two-step process of 0 with other plume species has yet to be explored. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 49 BP 10695 EP 10705 DI 10.1021/jp035143x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 750QX UT WOS:000187009500029 ER PT J AU Griffith, WM AF Griffith, WM TI The 'Wright' stuff: Materials in the Wright Flyer SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Griffith, WM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 161 IS 12 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 754NC UT WOS:000187322400002 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Smits, AJ AF Poggie, J Smits, AJ TI Large-scale structures in a compressible mixing layer over a cavity SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FREE SHEAR-LAYER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW; EVOLUTION AB An experimental study was made of a flow in which a turbulent boundary layer separates at a backward-facing step, forms a free shear layer over a cavity, and reattaches on a ramp downstream. Accurate characterization of the mixing layer turbulence is important given the strong link between large-scale organized structures and intense unsteadiness at reattachment found in our previous study of this How (Poggie, J., and Smits, A. J., "Shock Unsteadiness in a Reattaching Shear Layer,"Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 429, 2001, pp. 155-185). To this end, detailed flow visualization experiments were carried out in the self-similar portion of the turbulent mixing layer at a nominal, convective Mach number of 1.1. The flow visualization technique was based on Rayleigh scattering from nanometer-scale contaminant particles present in the freestream flow. The interface marked by the vaporization of the particles revealed the large-scale organized turbulence structures in the mixing layer. Quantitative measures of the length scale, orientation, and speed of organized structures were derived from the flow visualization data, and were found to agree well with conventional point-probe measurements. As has been found in other studies of planar mixing layers, the measured convection velocity varied moderately along the transverse direction, and the corresponding convective Mach number differed from the prediction of the isentropic model. The present results, along with previously published probe surveys, demonstrate that the flow over the cavity is essentially equivalent to a standard planar mixing layer flow, and thus forms a well-characterized initial condition for the reattachment flow downstream. In combination with our previous study, the present results add insight into cavity flow unsteadiness for the case where the driving mechansim is related to broad-band turbulent fluctuations, rather than discrete acoustic resonances. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Smits, Alexander/B-4083-2016 OI Smits, Alexander/0000-0002-3883-8648 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2410 EP 2419 DI 10.2514/2.6840 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 754NE UT WOS:000187322600013 ER PT J AU Shry, EA Eckart, RE Furgerson, JL Stajduhar, KC Krasuski, RA AF Shry, EA Eckart, RE Furgerson, JL Stajduhar, KC Krasuski, RA TI Addition of right-sided and posterior precordial leads during stress testing SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Coll Cardiol ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIAGNOSIS; V4R AB Background Exercise treadmill testing has limited sensitivity for the detection of coronary artery disease, frequently requiring the addition of imaging modalities to enhance the predictive value of the test. Recently, there has been interest in using nonstandard electrocardiographic (ECG) leads during exercise testing. Methods We consecutively enrolled all patients undergoing exercise myocardial imaging with four additional leads recorded (V4R, V-7, V-8, and V-9). The test characteristics of the 12-lead, the 15-lead (12-lead, V-7, V-8, V-9), and the 16-lead (12-lead, V4R, V-7, V-8, V-9) ECGs were compared with stress imaging in all patients. In the subset of patients who underwent angiography within 60 days of stress testing, these lead arrays were compared with the catheterization findings. Results There were 727 subjects who met entry criteria. The mean age was, 58.5 +/- 12.3 years, and 366 (50.3%) were women. Pretest probability for disease was high in 241 (33.1%), intermediate in 347 (47.7%), and low in 139 (19.1%). A total of 166 subjects had an abnormal 12-lead ECG during exercise. The addition of 3 posterior leads to the standard 12-lead ECG resulted in 7 additional subjects having an abnormal electrocardiographic response to exercise. The addition of V4R resulted in only 1 additional patient having an abnormal ECG during exercise. The sensitivity of the ECG for detecting ischemia as determined by stress imaging was 36.6%, 39.2%, and 40.0'% (P = NS) for the 12-lead, 15-lead, and 16-lead ECGs, respectively. In those with catheterization data (n = 123), the sensitivity for determining obstructive coronary artery disease was 43.5%, 45.2%, and 45.2% (P = NS) for the 12-lead, 15-lead, and 16-lead ECGs, respectively. The sensitivity of imaging modalities was 77.4% when compared with catheterization. Conclusions In patients undergoing stress imaging studies, the addition of right-sided and posterior leads did not significantly increase the sensitivity of the ECG for the detection of myocardial ischemia. Additional leads should not be used to replace imaging modalities for the detection of coronary artery disease. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Cardiol Serv MCHE MDC, Div Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shry, EA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Cardiol Serv MCHE MDC, Div Cardiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI Krasuski, Richard/0000-0003-3150-5215 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 146 IS 6 BP 1090 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00513-1 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 751RF UT WOS:000187080200031 PM 14661004 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Bush, A Kay, JE Mayes, CE Wang, A Fleming, J Pierce, C Kisslo, KB Harrison, JK Bashore, TM AF Krasuski, RA Bush, A Kay, JE Mayes, CE Wang, A Fleming, J Pierce, C Kisslo, KB Harrison, JK Bashore, TM TI C-reactive protein elevation independently influences the procedural success of percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; AORTIC-STENOSIS; ISCHEMIC STROKE; HEART-DISEASE; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFLAMMATION; CHOLESTEROL; PROGRESSION; INFECTION AB Background Markers of systemic inflammation including C-reactive protein (CRP) appear to predict morbidity and mortality in various clinical conditions. The presence of systemic inflammation and its impact on the procedural success of percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy (PBMC) in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis has not been previously demonstrated: Methods Measurements of CRP with a high-sensitivity assay were performed at the time of PBMC or during postprocedural follow-up in 119 patients with mitral stenosis of rheumatic morphology. Patients were questioned to exclude confounders of CRP elevation and categorized into undetectable (less than or equal to0.10 mg/L) and detectable (>0.10 mg/L) CRP levels. Detectable levels were further classified into assay range (>0.10 and less than or equal to6.0 mg/L) and elevated (>6.0 mg/L). Results CRP was detectable in 76% of patients and elevated (>6.0 mg/L) in 36% of patients studied. Procedural success occurred in 89% of patients with undetectable CRP, as compared with only 67% in patients with detectable CRP (P =.028). This effect remained after controlling for age and valve score (previously described predictors of PBMC success). Conclusions Systemic inflammation is common in patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis, and the relationship between procedural success and CRP suggests persistent inflammation may affect the results of PBMC. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Clin Immunol Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Krasuski, Richard/0000-0003-3150-5215 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 146 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00506-4 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 751RF UT WOS:000187080200033 PM 14661006 ER PT J AU Skluzacek, PA Szewc, RG Nolan, CR Riley, DJ Lee, S Pergola, PE AF Skluzacek, PA Szewc, RG Nolan, CR Riley, DJ Lee, S Pergola, PE TI Prediction of GFR in liver transplant candidates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE lothalamate; creatinine clearance (C-Cr); cirrhosis; ascites; Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score; kidney function ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION RATE; PLASMA-CLEARANCE; CREATININE CLEARANCE; SERUM CREATININE; RENAL-FUNCTION; IOTHALAMATE; DISEASE; INULIN; INSUFFICIENCY; SURVIVAL AB Background Kidney function frequently is impaired in patients with cirrhosis; however, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is difficult to estimate in these patients by using standard clinical markers. The aim of our study is to compare GFR calculated from renal clearance of iodine 125-labeled iothalamate (I-125-lothalamate) with the plasma decay technique and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockroft-Gault (CG) prediction equations. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with liver cirrhosis being evaluated for transplantation (50% Child's class C); 89% had ascites or edema and 44% were men aged 55 +/- 2 years. Average pretest blood urea nitrogen level was 16 +/- 2 mg/dL (5.7 +/- 0.7 mmol/L); serum creatinine, 1.0 +/- 0.1 mg/dL (88 +/- 9 mumol/L; range, 0.6 to 1.7 mg/dL [53 to 150 mumol/L]); plasma albumin, 3.14 +/- 0.16 g/dL (31.4 +/- 1.6 g/L); and total bilirubin, 4.0 +/- 0.7 mg/dL (67 +/- 11.3 mumol/L). Kidney function was measured by means of simultaneous plasma and renal clearance of I-125-lothala mate (Glofil-125; Cypros Pharmaceutical Corp, Carlsbad, CA) and the MDRD and CG equations. Results: GFRs were 58.2 +/- 5.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2) by renal clearance of I-125-iothalamate and 76.7 +/- 7.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2) by the plasma decay technique (+18.5 mL/min, or 32%; P = 0.0004). GFR by the MDRD equation was 76.9 +/- 7.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (+18.7 mL/min, or 32%; P = 0.0004 versus renal lothalamate; r(2) = 0.57). GFR by the CG equation was the least accurate (+30.1 mL/min, or 52%; P = 0.0001 versus renal iothalamate). Conclusion: The current clinically used CG and MDRD equations to estimate kidney function in patients with cirrhosis and volume excess and the I-125-lothalamate plasma decay technique are inaccurate because they overestimate GFR. It seems very unlikely that accurate and reliable formulas will be developed that are able to replace the formal measurement of GFR in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, we conclude that despite the additional complexity, renal clearance techniques should be used to assess GFR accurately in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Res & Dev Serv, Audie L Murphy Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pergola, PE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Mail Code 7882,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 24 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1053/S0272-6386(03)01104-1 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 751RH UT WOS:000187080400009 PM 14655188 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Ober, DM Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Lester, M Dunlop, M Wild, JA Grocott, A Farrugia, CJ Lund, EJ Russell, CT Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Balogh, A Andre, M Reme, H AF Maynard, NC Ober, DM Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Lester, M Dunlop, M Wild, JA Grocott, A Farrugia, CJ Lund, EJ Russell, CT Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Balogh, A Andre, M Reme, H TI Polar, Cluster and SuperDARN evidence for high-latitude merging during southward IMF: temporal/spatial evolution SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; ROTATIONAL DISCONTINUITIES; MAGNETOSPHERIC SASH; MAGNETOSHEATH FLOW; PLASMA INSTRUMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ELECTRIC-FIELD; RECONNECTION AB Magnetic merging on the dayside magnetopause often occurs at high latitudes. Polar measured fluxes of accelerated ions and wave Poynting vectors while skimming the subsolar magnetopause. The measurements indicate that their source was located to the north of the spacecraft, well removed from expected component merging sites. This represents the first use of wave Poynting flux as a merging discriminator at the magnetopause. We argue that wave Poynting vectors, like accelerated particle fluxes and the Wal6n tests, are necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for identifying merging events. The Polar data are complemented with nearly simultaneous measurements from Cluster in the northern cusp, with correlated observations from the SuperDARN radar, to show that the locations and rates of merging vary. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are used to place the measurements into a global context. The MHD simulations confirm the existence of a high-latitude merging site and suggest that Polar and SuperDARN observed effects are attributable to both exhaust regions of a temporally varying X-line. A survey of 13 merging events places the location at high latitudes whenever the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle is less than similar to150degrees. While inferred high-latitude merging sites favor the antiparallel merging hypothesis, our data alone cannot exclude the possible existence of a guide field. Merging can even move away from equatorial latitudes when the IMF has a strong southward component. MHD simulations suggest that this happens when the dipole tilt angle increases or when IMF B-X increases the effective dipole tilt. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ New Hampshire, EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. CESR, Toulouse, France. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH USA. EM nmaynard@mrcnh.com RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; Grocott, Adrian/A-9576-2011; Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013; OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630; Wild, James/0000-0001-8025-8869; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2233 EP 2258 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775NP UT WOS:000189047800001 ER PT J AU Miller, Q Peyton, BD Cohn, EJ Holmes, GF Harlin, SA Bird, ET Harre, JG Miller, ML Riley, KD Hogan, MB Taylor, A AF Miller, Q Peyton, BD Cohn, EJ Holmes, GF Harlin, SA Bird, ET Harre, JG Miller, ML Riley, KD Hogan, MB Taylor, A TI The effects of intraoperative fenoldopam on renal blood flow and tubular function following suprarenal aortic cross-clamping SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Winter Meeting of the Peripheral-Vascular-Surgery-Society CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2003 CL SNOWMASS, COLORADO SP Peripheral Vasc Surg Soc ID DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; ANESTHETIZED DOGS; FAILURE; SURGERY; ANEURYSMS; HEMODYNAMICS; DOPAMINE; NITROPRUSSIDE; INFUSION AB This study evaluated the effect of fenoldopam, a selective dopamine (DA1) agonist, on renal blood flow and renal tubular function following renal ischemia induced by suprarenal aortic cross-clamping. Twenty anesthetized research pigs received either fenoldopam (10 mug/kg/min; n = 10) or saline (n = 10) beginning 20 min before suprarenal aortic cross-clamping and continuing for 20 min after clamp release, for a total infusion time of 160 min (120-min cross-clamp). Recordings of renal blood flow, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were taken at baseline, during cross-clamping, and immediately postclamp. Ischemic renal injury was evaluated by serum creatinine and by histologic grading of acute tubular necrosis. Treatment with fenoldopam increased renal blood flow in comparison to that in the control group (p = 0.03). The mean creatinine increase from baseline at 6 hr and 18 hr after cross-clamp removal for the fenoldopam-treated group was significantly less than that in the control group (p < 0.001). On histologic evaluation, the mean score for the degree of tubular necrosis was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.02), indicating less derangement of tubular morphology in the fenoldopam group. This study demonstrated that the intraoperative use of a continuous infusion of fenoldopam during suprarenal aortic cross-clamping results in increased renal blood flow, less postoperative rise in creatinine, and better preservation of tubular histology in the pig model. C1 Med Grp 81st, Dept Surg, Keesler AFB, MS USA. Med Grp 81st, Dept Pathol, Keesler AFB, MS USA. Sacred Heart Hosp, Dept Surg, Pensacola, FL USA. Clin Res Lab, Keesler AFB, MS USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med Pharmacol & Physiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Miller, Q (reprint author), MSGS SGCQ 81st, 301 Fisher St,Room 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 656 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10016-003-0067-1 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 754CU UT WOS:000187285800012 PM 14569432 ER PT J AU Clark, JS Egan, MP Crowther, PA Mizuno, DR Larionov, VM Arkharov, A AF Clark, JS Egan, MP Crowther, PA Mizuno, DR Larionov, VM Arkharov, A TI Dusty ring nebulae around new candidate Luminous Blue Variables SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : emission line, Be; stars : circumstellar matter; stars : winds, outflows ID MIDCOURSE-SPACE-EXPERIMENT; STAR P-CYGNI; ETA-CARINAE; QUINTUPLET CLUSTER; GALACTIC PLANE; MASSIVE STARS; BIPOLAR SHELL; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCOVERY; PISTOL AB We report on the discovery of a further two ring nebulae in the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) Galactic Plane Survey; G24.73+0.69 and G26.47+0.02. Morphologically, both appear similar to the nebulae found around the Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) candidates G79.29+0.46 and Wra 17-96. A central, unresolved point source was identified in both cases-positional coincidence with the star StRS 237 was found for G26.47+0.02, while no optical counterpart could be identified for G24.73+0.69. However, subsequent near IR broadband imaging of the G24.73+0.69 field identified a very red-(J- K)similar to2 mag-stellar counterpart to the central object. Near-IR spectroscopy of both objects reveal rich emission line spectra dominated by H I, He I and low excitation metals, suggesting classification as luminous B supergiants and revealing a striking superficial similarity to the other MSX ring sources and known LBVs. We utilised a NLTE model atomsphere code to model the K band spectra and near-IR spectral energy distributions of the central stars in order to determine their physical parameters. Adopting a distance, d=5.2 kpc to G24.73+0.69 yields a temperature, T=12 kK, luminosity, log (L/L(circle dot))=5.6 and mass loss rate, (M)over dot =1x10(-5) M(circle dot) yr(-1). G26.47+0.02 appears to be a more extreme object; adopting d=6.5 kpc results in T=17 kK, log (L/L(circle dot))=6.0 and (M)over dot=9x10(-5) M(circle dot) yr(-1), placing it at the Humphreys-Davidson limit for massive stellar objects. Analysis of the spatially resolved mid-IR fluxes of both objects reveal extended periods of enhanced mass loss, resulting in comparatively low mass nebulae, with chemistries dominated by O-rich dust (with a population of small Fe grains existing co-spatially with the silicate dust). Comparison to the other MSX ring nebulae sources reveals a homogeneous group of objects, with both stellar and nebular properties consistent with known LBVs. With both spectroscopic and/or photometric variability observed for those sources with multiepoch observations, we propose a close affinity between both classes of object and suggest that long term monitoring of the MSX sources will reveal them to be bona fide LBVs. C1 UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. USAF, Res Lab, MDA AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. St Petersburg Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. Isaac Newton Inst Chile, St Petersburg, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Cent Astron Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RP Clark, JS (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM jsc@star.ucl.ac.uk RI Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; OI Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Crowther, Paul/0000-0001-6000-6920 NR 50 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 412 IS 1 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031372 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 747JC UT WOS:000186800600019 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI Webb, JT Krause, KM AF Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI Webb, JT Krause, KM TI Staged decompression to 3.5 psi using argon-oxygen and 100% oxygen breathing mixtures SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE staged decompression; argon; decompression sickness; venous gas emboli ID SICKNESS; GAS; BUBBLES; PREOXYGENATION; EXERCISE; PROTECTION; SYMPTOMS; RISK; RATS AB PILMANIS AA, BALLDIN UI, WEBB JT, KRAUSE KM. Staged decompression to 3.5 psi using argon-oxygen and 100% oxygen breathing mixtures. Aviat Space Environ Med 2003; 74:1243-50. Introduction: The current extravehicular activity (EVA) space suit at 4.3 psia causes hand and arm fatigue and is too heavy for Martian EVA. A 3.5 psia EVA pressure suit requires increased preoxygenation time but would reduce structural complexity, leak rate, and weight while increasing mobility, comfort, and maintainability. On Mars, nitrogen and argon are available to provide the inert gas necessary for a fire-resistant habitat atmosphere, eliminating need for transport. This study investigated breathing argon/oxygen and 100% oxygen gas mixtures during staged decompression prior to exposure to 3.5 psia. Method: During this study, 40 subjects each completed 3 hypobaric exposures to 3.5 psia for 3 h in a reclined position: (A) a 4-h 25-min 14.7-psia (ground level) denitrogenation (100% oxygen breathing) prior to exposure to 3.5 psia; (B) the same as A, utilizing a 7.3-psia stage denitrogenation; and (C) the same as B, with 62% argon-38% oxygen (ARGOX) during the stage. Venous gas emboli (VGE) were monitored with echocardiography. Results: Decompression sickness (DCS) incidence at 3.5 psia with ARGOX at 7.3 psia (C) was significantly higher than with oxygen breathing with or without staged decompression: there was 78% DCS for C compared with 33% and 55% DCS, respectively, for A and B. The corresponding VGE incidences were 73% (C) compared with 33% (A) and 45% (B). Conclusion: Preoxygenation at a 7.3-psia stage resulted in a higher DCS risk at 3.5 psia than ground level preoxygenation. It is suggested that an 8.0-psia stage pressure could eliminate this difference. Unfavorable results after preoxygenation with ARGOX indicate argon on-gassing was significant. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEPR,Biodynam & Protect Div, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. Wyle Labs Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEPR,Biodynam & Protect Div, 2485 Gillingham Dr,Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1243 EP 1250 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 751XH UT WOS:000187115000004 PM 14692466 ER PT J AU Zelnick, SD Mattie, DR Stepaniak, PC AF Zelnick, SD Mattie, DR Stepaniak, PC TI Occupational exposure to hydrazines: Treatment of acute central nervous system toxicity SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aviation; hydrazine; treatment ID UREA CYCLE DISORDERS; ISONIAZID OVERDOSE; UDMH INTOXICATION; PYRIDOXINE; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; INHIBITION; ENZYMES; INVIVO; RAT AB ZELNICK SD, MATTIE DR, STEPANIAK PC. Occupational exposure to hydrazines: treatment of acute central nervous system toxicity. Aviat Space Environ Med 2003; 74:1285-91. Exposure to hydrazine and hydrazines' alkylated derivatives is an important occupational health issue, which will increase in significance as space applications increase. Despite their widespread usage as rocket fuels in manned and unmanned space and missile systems, serious exposures to hydrazines are rare. While a significant number of experimental studies were performed in the late 1950s through the mid-1960s, conflicting information exists concerning the most appropriate treatment for these exposures. A cross-sectional study evaluating the most common rocket fuels such as hydrazine; 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH); mono-methylhydrazine (MMH); and Aerozine-50 against the most commonly suggested therapies, such as pyridoxine, traditional antiseizure therapies, and arginine is needed to clarify the treatment implications for human exposure. Treatments that have been useful for hyperammonemic states, such as those for the six inherited urea cycle defects, have significant potential for the improvement of hydrazine exposure treatment. C1 US Dept Def, Manned Space Flight Off, Div Med, Patrick AFB, FL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Contingency Med Operat Grp, Space Med & Crew Hlth Syst, Houston, TX USA. RP Zelnick, SD (reprint author), US Dept Def, Manned Space Flight Off, Div Med, 1201 Edward H White II St,MS 7101,Bldg 423,Room S, Patrick AFB, FL USA. NR 47 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 15 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1285 EP 1291 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 751XH UT WOS:000187115000012 PM 14692474 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Geiss, KT Frazier, JM AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Geiss, KT Frazier, JM TI Toxicity QSARS for halogenated aliphatics derived using metabolite descriptors. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 12 MA 10 BP 1663 EP 1663 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 755AM UT WOS:000187365700031 ER PT J AU Dennis, ST Jensen, DD AF Dennis, ST Jensen, DD TI Planetary gear set and automatic transmission simulation for machine design courses SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE planetary gear set; Chrysler 42LE; PG-Sim; animation; courseware AB Due to their unique ability to provide a variety of gear ratios in a very compact space, planetary gear systems are seen in many applications from small powered screw drivers to automobile automatic transmissions. The versatile planetary gear device is often studied as part of an undergraduate mechanical engineering program. Textbook presentations typically illustrate how the different planetary gear components are connected. Understanding of the operation of the planetary gear set can be enhanced using actual hardware or simulations that show how the components move relative to each other. The Department of Engineering Mechanics at the United States Air Force Academy has developed a computer simulation of the planetary gear set and the Chrysler 42LE automatic transmission. Called "PG-Sim," the dynamic simulations complement a static textbook presentation. PG-Sim is used in several of our courses and assessment data clearly indicates students' appreciation of its visual and interactive features, In this paper, we present an overview of PG-Sim and then describe how the simulation courseware facilitates understanding of the planetary gear system. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dennis, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1061-3773 J9 COMPUT APPL ENG EDUC JI Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 11 IS 3 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1002/cae.10045 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 749PE UT WOS:000186928500004 ER PT J AU Holland, TD O'Brien, MJ Fessler, DMT AF Holland, TD O'Brien, MJ Fessler, DMT TI On morning sickness and the neolithic revolution SO CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREHISTORIC MIDWEST; HUMAN POPULATION; PREGNANCY; NAUSEA; AGRICULTURE; FERTILITY C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Holland, TD (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RI Fessler, Daniel/G-8485-2012; Henrich, Joseph/A-2403-2009 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0011-3204 J9 CURR ANTHROPOL JI Curr. Anthropol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5 BP 707 EP 711 DI 10.1086/379259 PG 5 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 737AJ UT WOS:000186203300012 ER PT J AU Kinsley-Scott, TR Young, RJ Meffert, JJ AF Kinsley-Scott, TR Young, RJ Meffert, JJ TI Keratosis punctata of the instep SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PALMAR CREASES AB We present a case of keratosis punctata involving the instep of both feet in addition to palmar and plantar creases, a finding not previously reported to our knowledge. We also discuss a closely related entity, keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris (KPPP), and why we believe our case does not simply represent a variant of keratosis punctata of the palmar creases (KPPC). C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78134 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Dermatol Element, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Meffert, JJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, San Antonio, TX 78134 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD DEC PY 2003 VL 72 IS 6 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 753VD UT WOS:000187250500008 PM 14700216 ER PT J AU Edmonds, LD Ly, JQ LaGatta, LM Lusk, JD Beall, DP AF Edmonds, LD Ly, JQ LaGatta, LM Lusk, JD Beall, DP TI Quiz case - Extraabdominal desmoid tumor of the upper arm SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE extraabdominal desmoid tumor; fibromatosis; Soft tissue tumors; MR imaging C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0720-048X J9 EUR J RADIOL JI Eur. J. Radiol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1016/S0720-048X(03)00051-2 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 758CZ UT WOS:000187616100014 PM 14652152 ER PT J AU Wilson, GF Russell, CA AF Wilson, GF Russell, CA TI Real-time assessment of mental workload using psychophysiological measures and artificial neural networks SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION METHODS; ADAPTIVE AUTOMATION SYSTEM; TRACKING TASK; EEG-ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; INDEXES AB The functional state of the human operator is critical to optimal system performance. Degraded states of operator functioning can lead to errors and overall suboptimal system performance. Accurate assessment of operator functional state is crucial to the successful implementation of an adaptive aiding system. One method of determining operators' functional state is by monitoring their physiology. In the present study, artificial neural networks using physiological signals were used to continuously monitor, in real time, the functional state of 7 participants while they performed the Multi-Attribute Task Battery with two levels of task difficulty. Six channels of brain electrical activity and eye, heart and respiration measures were evaluated on line. The accuracy of the classifier was determined to test its utility as an on-line measure of operator state. The mean classification accuracies were 85%, 82%, and 86% for the baseline, low task difficulty, and high task difficulty conditions, respectively. The high levels of accuracy suggest that these procedures can be used to provide accurate estimates of operator functional state that can be used to provide adaptive aiding. The relative contribution of each of the 43 psychophysiological features was also determined. Actual or potential applications of this research include test and evaluation and adaptive aiding implementation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, GF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glenn.wilson@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD WIN PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1518/hfes.45.4.635.27088 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 800XB UT WOS:000220059900011 PM 15055460 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW AF Repperger, DW TI Celebrating the 100th anniversary of controlled, sustained, and powered air flight SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0272-1708 J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 6 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1109/MCS.2003.1251176 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 747YT UT WOS:000186834600001 ER PT J AU Manke, GC Hewett, KB Wisniewski, CF Truman, CR Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Hewett, KB Wisniewski, CF Truman, CR Hager, GD TI On the presence of rotational nonequilibrium in a supersonic hydrogen-fluoride laser SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE chemical laser; HF laser; HF overtone laser; rotational equilibrium ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHEMICAL-LASER; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; GAIN MEASUREMENTS; HF; RATES AB Overtone small-signal gain data measured while operating a small-scale hydrogen-fluoride (1117) laser saturated on the fundamental transitions are compared with fundamental lasing output spectra and spontaneous overtone emission spectra measured orthogonal to the lasing axis. In all cases, the data are consistent with an equilibrium rotational distribution. These results are discussed in terms of their applicability to the question of rotational nonequilibrium in continuous wave HF lasers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1625 EP 1634 DI 10.1109/JQE.2003.819556 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 755XE UT WOS:000187436100017 ER PT J AU Claypoole, RL Davis, GM Sweldens, W Baraniuk, RG AF Claypoole, RL Davis, GM Sweldens, W Baraniuk, RG TI Nonlinear wavelet transforms for image coding via lifting SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive signal processing; image coding; wavelet transforms ID INTERPOLATION; COMPRESSION; LOSSLESS AB We investigate central issues such as invertibility, stability, synchronization, and frequency characteristics for nonlinear wavelet transforms built using the lifting framework. The nonlinearity comes from adaptively choosing between a class of linear predictors within the lifting framework. We also describe how earlier families of nonlinear filter banks can be extended through the use of prediction functions operating on a causal neighborhood of pixels. Preliminary compression results for model and real-world images demonstrate the promise of our techniques. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sigma Xi, Sci Res Soc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM r.claypoole@ieee.org; gdavis@sigmaxi.org; wim@bell-labs.com; richb@rice.edu NR 27 TC 155 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1449 EP 1459 DI 10.1109/TIP.2003.817237 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 764FV UT WOS:000188197500001 PM 18244701 ER PT J AU Maimon, JD Hunt, KK Burcin, L Rodgers, J AF Maimon, JD Hunt, KK Burcin, L Rodgers, J TI Chaloogenide memory arrays: Characterization and radiation effects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE chalcogenide; memory; nonvolatile; phase change; single event; total dose AB The chalcogenide material used for phase-change applications in rewritable optical storage (Ge2Sb2Te5) has been integrated with a 0-5-mum radiation-hardened CMOS process to produce 64-Kbit memory arrays. On selected arrays, electrical testing demonstrated up to 100% memory cell yield, 100-ns programming and read speeds, and write currents,as low-as 1 mA/bit. Devices functioned normally from -55degreesC to. 125degreesC. Write/read endurance has been demonstrated to 1 x 10(8) before first bit failure. Total ionizing dose (TID) testing to 2 Mrad(Si) showed no degradation of chalcogenide memory elements but it identified a write current generator circuit degradation specific to the test chip, which can be easily corrected in the next generation of array and product. Static single-event effects (SEE) testing showed no effect to an effective linear energy transfer (LETEFF) of 98 MeV/mg/cm(2). Dynamic SEE testing showed no latchup or single-event gate rupture (SEGR) to an LETEFF of 123 MeV/mg/cm(2). Two sensitive circuits, neither containing chalcogenide elements, and both with small error cross sections, were identified. The sense amp appears sensitive to transients when reading the high-resistance state. The write driver circuit may be falsely activated during a read cycle, resulting in a reprogrammed bit. Radiation results show no degradation to the hardened CMOS or effects that can be attributed to the phase-change material. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. BAE Syst, Manassas, VA USA. RP Maimon, JD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jmaimon@ovonyx.com; ken.hunt@kirtland.af.mil; laura.burcin@baesystems.com; john.rodgers@baesystems.com NR 17 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1884 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821377 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800022 ER PT J AU Hjalmarson, HP Pease, RL Witczak, SC Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Edwards, AH Hembree, CE Mattsson, TR AF Hjalmarson, HP Pease, RL Witczak, SC Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Edwards, AH Hembree, CE Mattsson, TR TI Mechanisms for radiation dose-rate sensitivity of bipolar transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE bimolecular reaction; bipolar junction transistor; cracking; dimerization; dose rate; ELDRS; excess base current; hole; hydrogen; interface trap; kinetics; proton; radiation; recombination; silicon dioxide ID INDUCED INTERFACE STATES; LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAIN DEGRADATION; TRAP FORMATION; BASE OXIDES; BUILDUP; ICS; PASSIVATION AB Mechanisms for enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity are described. In these mechanisms, bimolecular reactions dominate the kinetics at high dose rates thereby causing a sub-linear dependence on total dose, and this leads to a dose-rate dependence. These bimolecular mechanisms include electron-hole recombination, hydrogen recapture at hydrogen source sites, and hydrogen dimerization to form hydrogen molecules. The essence of each of these mechanisms is the dominance of the bimolecular reactions over the radiolysis reaction at high dose rates. However, at low dose rates, the radiolysis reaction dominates leading to a maximum effect of the radiation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1762 1, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Technol Ctr, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1739, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1674, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hjalmarson, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1762 1, MS-0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hphjalm@sandia.gov; steven.c.witczak@aero.org RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 31 TC 62 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1901 EP 1909 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.821803 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800026 ER PT J AU Marshall, PW Hubbs, JE Arrington, DC Marshall, CJ Reed, RA Gee, G Pickel, JC Ramos, RA AF Marshall, PW Hubbs, JE Arrington, DC Marshall, CJ Reed, RA Gee, G Pickel, JC Ramos, RA TI Proton-induced transients and charge collection measurements in a LWIR HgCdTe focal plane array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE infrared detectors; protons; radiation effects ID ENVIRONMENT AB We compare measurements and modeling of 27 and 63 MeV proton-induced transients in a large-format HgCdTe long wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane assembly operating at 40 K. Charge collection measurements describe very limited diffusion of carriers to multiple pixels showing significantly reduced particle induced cross-talk for the lateral diffusion structure. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, USAF, Res Lab,Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. PRT Inc, Fallbrook, CA 92028 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Vehicles Directorate, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Marshall, PW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. EM pwmarshall@aol.com; john.hubbs@kirtland.af.mil; doug.arrington@kirtland.af.mil; cmarshall2@aol.com; Robert.Reed@nasa.gov; George.B.Gee.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; jim@pickel.net; rodolfo.ramos@kirtland.af.mil NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1968 EP 1973 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.820749 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800036 ER PT J AU Dichter, BK Woolf, S AF Dichter, BK Woolf, S TI Grazing angle proton scattering: Effects on chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray telescopes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects conference CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE chandra X-ray telescope CCD radiation damage ID SURFACE AB A proton scattering process resulted in damage to one of the Chandra X-ray telescope's focal plane detectors. In this process, incident protons were transmitted, by scattering off the telescope mirrors, to the focal plane. We identify the proton population responsible for the damage and, using a proper grazing angle formalism, we show that the standard calculations of grazing angle scattering will significantly under predict the expected proton flux at the focal plane. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Arcon Corp, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. RP Dichter, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stan@arcon.com NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2292 EP 2295 DI 10.1109/TNS.200.822092 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772JA UT WOS:000188837800081 ER PT J AU Lai, ST AF Lai, ST TI A critical overview on spacecraft charging mitigation methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dielectric charging; differential charging; discharging; electron beam; ion beam; mitigation; plasma emission; spacecraft charging; space plasma ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; SATELLITE; ENVIRONMENT; ANOMALIES; ELECTRON; SURFACES; CURRENTS AB Interactions between hazardous space plasmas and spacecraft surfaces often result in spacecraft charging. Spacecraft charging may disturb the scientific measurements onboard, affect communications, control, and operations of spacecraft, and may be harmful to the health of the electronics on the spacecraft. Several mitigation methods have been proposed or tested in recent years. This paper presents a critical overview on all of the mitigation methods known to date: 1) passive methods using sharp spikes and high secondary emission coefficient surface materials and 2) active methods using controlled emissions of electrons, ions, plasmas, neutral gas, and polar molecules. Paradoxically, emission of low-energy positive ions from a highly negatively charged spacecraft can reduce the charging level, because the ions tend to return and may generate secondary electrons which then escape. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods and illustrate the ideas by means of examples of results obtained on SCATHA and DSCS satellites. Finally, mitigation of deep dielectric charging is briefly discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Shu.Lai@hanscom.af.mil NR 44 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1118 EP 1124 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.820969 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 775AX UT WOS:000189019500003 ER PT J AU Bonora, N Ruggiero, A Schmidt, M Nixon, M AF Bonora, N Ruggiero, A Schmidt, M Nixon, M TI Investigation on flying plate diameter to thickness ratio influence on damage pattern and spall signal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hypervelocity Impact Symposium CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE plate impact; ductile damage; CDM; spall AB The flying plate impact test is an important experimental technique to identify material behavior under high velocity impact conditions. Standard configuration requires the planar impact of two disks, composed of the same or different material, with the same diameter and different thicknesses. In this paper the geometric effect induced by a planar impact of disks with different diameters is investigated. An extensive numerical study using both finite element and lagrangian codes has been performed. Material failure has been predicted to occur in the material using an advanced continuum damage model. The study revealed that material damage threshold strain should be sensitive to pressure. A simple geometrical model to predict the diametral extension of the spalled layer is proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cassino, DiMSAT, Dept Mech Struct & Environm, I-03043 Cassino, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Bonora, N (reprint author), Univ Cassino, DiMSAT, Dept Mech Struct & Environm, I-03043 Cassino, Italy. RI Ruggiero, Andrew/G-6852-2012; OI Ruggiero, Andrew/0000-0003-4593-6331; Bonora, Nicola/0000-0003-3473-630X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1-10 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2003.09.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 753LC UT WOS:000187232000011 ER PT J AU Cho, YK Moore, JT Hill, RR AF Cho, YK Moore, JT Hill, RR TI Developing a new greedy heuristic based on knowledge gained via structured empirical testing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING-THEORY APPLICATIONS AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering CY OCT 24-26, 2002 CL PUSAN, SOUTH KOREA DE heuristics; multidimensional knapsack problem; empirical testing AB The multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP) has many applications. Since MKP is an NP-hard problem, heuristic methods are often used to quickly find reasonable solutions with greedy heuristic approaches being a very common choice of solution method. Despite a plethora of greedy heuristic approaches, little research has attempted to differentiate among heuristics in terms of what makes one approach better than another, both in a general and in a problem characteristic-specific manner. This paper presents research explicitly aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of greedy heuristic procedural differences. This is accomplished via an empirical analysis against a robust problem set and examining resultant performance results. Knowledge gained through this process is used to create a new heuristic approach based on problem pre-processing. Results of competitively testing this new approach against the legacy approaches support the viability of our efforts. Significance: The performance of heuristics varies with different MKP characteristics. This paper discusses what makes a heuristic perform better. The pre-processing and new analytic approach is more robust and performs well. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM yongkun.cho@afit.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OH 45221-0116 USA SN 1943-670X J9 INT J IND ENG-THEORY JI Int. J. Ind. Eng.-Theory Appl. Pract. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 504 EP 510 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 765TD UT WOS:000188298800028 ER PT J AU Striebich, RC Lawrence, J AF Striebich, RC Lawrence, J TI Thermal decomposition of high-energy density materials at high pressure and temperature SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE bicyclopropylidene; quadricyclane; RP-1; rockets; missiles; fuels ID FUELS AB High-energy density materials (HEDMs) are being investigated for use as propellants in rocket, air-breathing, and combined-cycle applications. These types of materials may be attractive alternatives to conventional propellants because of their high heat of combustion, density, and high strain energy. Because advanced propulsion systems may operate at very high pressure and temperature ( > 25 atm and temperatures exceeding 500 degreesC), the thermal decomposition of individual HEDMs is of interest to future fuel system designers. A laboratory-scale flow reactor was used to subject small amounts (approximately 1 ml) of deoxygenated HEDM to controlled conditions of temperature and residence-time-at-temperature at constant pressure (34 atm) in the liquid or supercritical phase. The reactor was 316 stainless steel HPLC tubing. Using an in-line analytical system, as well as off-line chromatographic analysis of products, the thermal stability of the parent material, as well as the thermal fragmentation products of each HEDM was measured. Some of the candidate materials tested (dimethyl-2-azidoethylamine (DAMEZ), quadricyclane, and bicyclopropylidene (BCP)) showed only marginal thermal stability with major decomposition occurring before 400 degreesC (similar to 3 s residence time). Other candidate materials (JP-10, RP-1, RG-1, RJ-6, and RJ-7) showed excellent thermal stability: little decomposition even at 600 degreesC. Results show the pyrolytic stability of candidate materials relative to each other, and provided insights to the mechanisms of thermal decomposition for specific fuel candidates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,PRTG, Propuls & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Striebich, RC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, KL102,300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 10 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD DEC PY 2003 VL 70 IS 2 BP 339 EP 352 AR PII S0165-2370(02)00181-X DI 10.1016/S0165-2370(02)00181-X PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 747CZ UT WOS:000186788800013 ER PT J AU Domke, D Garland, P Billeaudeaux, A Hutcheson, J AF Domke, D Garland, P Billeaudeaux, A Hutcheson, J TI Insights into US racial hierarchy: Racial profiling, news sources, and September 11 SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TELEVISION-NEWS; PUBLIC-OPINION; RACE; MEDIA; IDEOLOGY; COVERAGE; CONSTRUCTION; ATTITUDES; DISCOURSE AB The events of September 11, 2001, seem likely, to have reverberating implications,for U.S. race relations, in particular the relative hierarchy of differing racial and ethnic groups. With this in mind, in this study, the researchers focused on the manner in which "racial profiling was talked about by government and societal leaders, nongovernment opinion leaders, and average citizens-in several leading US news outlets for the 5 months prior to September 11 and for the 5 months afterward. The findings indicate that (a) citizens increased marked v as sources in news coverage after September 11; (b) Arab Americans spoke from more favorable positions of status than African Americans, and (c) racial minorities may face a situation in which they de facto "compete" with other minorities for space in news coverage. The authors discuss implications for the role of news media in race relations. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Coast Guard, Washington, DC 20593 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Domke, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0021-9916 J9 J COMMUN JI J. Commun. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 606 EP 623 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02913.x PG 18 WC Communication SC Communication GA 749TG UT WOS:000186944500003 ER PT J AU Sebesta, MJ Bishoff, JT AF Sebesta, MJ Bishoff, JT TI Octylcyanoacrylate skin closure in laparoscopy SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC FACIAL LACERATIONS; TISSUE ADHESIVE; PLASTIC-SURGERY; REPAIR; HISTOACRYL AB Background and Purpose: Octylcyanoacrylate (Dermabond((R))) is a tissue "glue" useful in closing surgical skin incisions. We compared skin octylcyanoacrylate with subcuticular skin sutures to close laparoscopic trocar sites. Patients and Methods: A randomized double-armed study was performed with 59 patients in whom 228 trocar sites were closed. Twenty-nine patients underwent sulicuticular closure with 4-0 absorbable suture, and thirty patients received closure with octylcyanoacrylate in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer (Ethicon; Somerville, NJ). The number of sutures or vials of octylcyanoacrylate used, closure times, and postoperative wound problems were recorded. Wounds were assessed 2 weeks postoperatively for healing complications. Closure costs were estimated using published operating room time per hour plus the cost of octylcyanoacrylate or suture. Student's paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall mean time required for skin closure using octylcyanoacrylate and suture was 3.7 minutes and 14 minutes, respectively (P <0.00001). An average of 2.2 packets of suture were used to close all port sites in a particular patient, While closure with octyleyanoacrylate required an average of 3.4 vials per patient. Wound complications consisted of subcuticular seroma with skin separation and were equally common in the two groups. The overall average cost per closure using octylcyanoacrylate was $198, while the cost for closure using suture was $497 (P <0.00001). Conclusions: Laparoscopic port-site skin closure with octylcyanoacrylate is rapid and effective. The method yields cost savings and a decrease in operative time of more than 9 minutes per case. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78326 USA. RP Bishoff, JT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, MCSU, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78326 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 10 BP 899 EP 903 DI 10.1089/089277903772036235 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 759BW UT WOS:000187719100017 PM 14744358 ER PT J AU King, DR Nowack, ML AF King, DR Nowack, ML TI The impact of government policy on technology transfer: an aircraft industry case study SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aircraft industry; government policy; technology transfer ID INNOVATION AB This case study explores the interaction between domestic and foreign governmental policy on technology transfer with the goal of exploring the long-term impacts of technology transfer. Specifically, the impact of successive licensing of fighter aircraft manufacturing and design to Japan in the development of Japan's aircraft industry is reviewed. Results indicate Japan has built a domestic aircraft industry through sequential learning with foreign technology transfers from the United States, and design and production on domestic fighter aircraft. This process was facilitated by governmental policies in both Japan and the United States. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, SAF, AQP, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USAF, SB, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP King, DR (reprint author), USAF, SAF, AQP, 1060 AF Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RI King, David/B-2204-2012 OI King, David/0000-0001-8463-8439 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4748 J9 J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE JI J. Eng. Technol. Manage. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 303 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2003.08.007 PG 16 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 744NF UT WOS:000186638000002 ER PT J AU Venugopal, S Malas, JC Tamirisakandala, S AF Venugopal, S Malas, JC Tamirisakandala, S TI Discussion Meeting on Processing Maps and Their Applications held at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, on 28 April 2003. SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Venugopal, S (reprint author), Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 607 EP 607 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 754JM UT WOS:000187312700001 ER PT J AU Tamirisakandala, S Vedam, BV Bhat, RB AF Tamirisakandala, S Vedam, BV Bhat, RB TI Recent advances in the deformation processing of titanium alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting on Processing Maps and Their Applications CY APR 28, 2003 CL INDIAN INST SCI, BANGALORE, INDIA HO INDIAN INST SCI DE deformation processing; process design; titanium alloys ID HOT DEFORMATION; GRADE TI-6AL-4V; MECHANISMS; WORKING AB Titanium (Ti) alloys are special-purpose materials used for several critical applications in aerospace as well as non-aerospace industries, and extensive deformation processing is necessary to shape-form these materials, which poses many challenges due to the microstructural complexities. Some of the recent developments in the deformation processing of Ti alloys and usefulness of integrating the material behavior information with simulation schemes while designing and optimizing manufacturing process schedules are discussed in this paper. Discussions are primarily focused on the most important alloy, Ti-6Al-4V and on developing a clear understanding on the influence of key parameters (e.g., oxygen content, starting microstructure, temperature, and strain rate) on the deformation behavior during hot working. These studies are very useful not only for obtaining controlled microstructures but also to design complex multi-step processing sequences to produce defect-free components. Strain-induced porosity (SIP) has been a serious problem during titanium alloy processing, and improved scientific understanding helps in seeking elegant solutions to avoid SIP. A novel high-speed processing technique for microstructural conversion in titanium has been described, which provides several benefits over the conventional slow-speed practices. The hot working behavior of some of the affordable alpha + beta and beta titanium alloys being developed recently-namely, Ti-5.5Al-1Fe, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-6.8Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al, and Ti-10V-4.5Fe-1.5Al-has been analyzed, and the usefulness of the processing maps in optimizing the process parameters and design of hot working schedules in these alloys is demonstrated. Titanium alloys modified with small additions of boron are emerging as potential candidates for replacing structural components requiring high specific strength and stiffness. Efforts to understand the microstructural mechanisms during deformation processing of Ti-B alloys and the issues associated with their processing are discussed. C1 UES Inc, USAF, Res Lab Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Andhra Univ, Dept Engn Met, Waltair 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Tamirisakandala, S (reprint author), UES Inc, USAF, Res Lab Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 661 EP 673 DI 10.1361/105994903322692466 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 754JM UT WOS:000187312700009 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Steckl, AJ Scofield, JD AF Cheng, L Steckl, AJ Scofield, JD TI Effect of trimethylsilane flow rate on the growth of SiC thin-films for fiber-optic temperature SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE 3C-SiC; Fabry-Perot interferometer; fiber-optic temperature sensor; flow rate; trimethylsilane ID SYSTEMS; SENSOR; LAYERS AB We have investigated the effect of trimethylsilane ([(CH3)(3) SiH] or 3MS) flow rate on the growth of SiC thin-film on single-crystal sapphire substrate for fiber-optic temperature sensor. The SiC film thickness was in the range of 2-3 mum. The variation of the 3MS flow rate affected the structural properties of the SiC films. This, in turn, changed the optical properties and temperature sensing performance of the sensors. Optical reflection from the SiC thin-film Fabry-Wrot interferometers showed one-way phase shifts in resonant minima on all measured samples. Linear fits to the resonant minima (at 660 to 710 nm) versus temperature provide the corresponding thermal expansion coefficient, kappa(phi), of 1.7-1.9 x 10(-5)/degreesC. With the optimized 3MS flow rate, the SiC temperature sensor exhibits a temperature accuracy of +/-2.8degreesC from 22 to 540degreesC. The short-term SiC sensor stability at 532degreesC for two weeks shows a very small standard deviation of 0.97degreesC. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steckl, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM a.steckl@uc.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2003.820282 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 761VP UT WOS:000187936400004 ER PT J AU McHugh, CP AF McHugh, CP TI Leishmaniasis in Washington County, Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Inst Occupat Hlth, RSRH, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP McHugh, CP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Occupat Hlth, RSRH, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1203 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(03)02489-7 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 747BG UT WOS:000186784800057 PM 14639430 ER PT J AU Kashyap, VS Fang, R Fitzpatrick, CM Hagino, RT AF Kashyap, VS Fang, R Fitzpatrick, CM Hagino, RT TI Caval and ureteral obstruction secondary to an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS; VENA-CAVA AB Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (IAAA) represent 3% to 10% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms. Obstructive uropathy is a well-described feature of IAAAs, but venous complications are unusual secondary to LkAA. The authors report a patient presenting with acute renal failure and deep venous; thrombosis secondary to an LkAA. We believe this represents the first case of an LkAA manifesting as combined inferior vena cava compression and associated obstructive uropathy. Successful operative repair was performed. With resolution of the retroperitoneal inflammation, long-term follow-up revealed spontaneous release of both ureteral and caval compression. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kashyap, VS (reprint author), 859 MSGS-MCSG,2200 Berguist,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1416 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(03)00795-X PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 749XM UT WOS:000186955400054 PM 14681651 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA AF Pilmanis, AA TI Physiological hazards of flight at high altitude SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEPR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), 309 Driftwind, San Antonio, TX 78239 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC PY 2003 VL 362 SU S BP S16 EP S17 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15059-3 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 760BG UT WOS:000187790200009 PM 14698113 ER PT J AU Ivanchenko, VG Ivasishin, OM Semiatin, SL AF Ivanchenko, VG Ivasishin, OM Semiatin, SL TI Evaluation of evaporation losses during electron-beam melting of Ti-AlN alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivanchenko, VG (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 6 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 911 EP 915 DI 10.1007/s11663-003-0097-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753QH UT WOS:000187241700016 ER PT J AU Pelton, JJ Buehrer, JL Cull, DL AF Pelton, JJ Buehrer, JL Cull, DL TI Surgical support of operation sea signal: Adaptability of the 59th Air Transportable Hospital in Cuba SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: The attempted migration of approximately 50,000 Cubans in the summer of 1994 created a large patient population detained at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. This study examined the roles and results of the 59th Air Transportable Hospital (ATH) in treating surgical problems within that population during Operation Sea Signal. Methods: The surgical case log of the 59th ATH was used to identify all patients operated on at the 59th ATH during the interval of August 1994 to April 1995. These case records and the individual records of the three 59th ATH surgeons were used to determine the types of cases performed, complications, and outcomes. Results: A total of 333 operations were performed at the 59th ATH in three types of surgery: (1) elective (267); (2) emergency for nonself-inflicted conditions (46); and (3) emergency for self-inflicted conditions (20). The total perioperative complication rate was 2.4% (8/333), and the wound infection rate for clean surgical cases was 0.87% (2/229). Conclusions: Elective surgery may be performed in a field environment with acceptable complication and wound infection rates. Humanitarian missions will be faced with considerable pathology from pre-existing conditions within the population cared for. The humanitarian mission may be complicated by political situations that may encourage malingering and self-injurious behavior within the population cared for. The latter events have not been previously encountered in humanitarian missions involving the U.S. military and must be considered by policy makers and mission planners in planning future humanitarian missions. C1 USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Pelton, JJ (reprint author), USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 168 IS 12 BP 957 EP 960 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IN UT WOS:000235828900002 PM 14719617 ER PT J AU Clement, PF Kennedy, JE AF Clement, PF Kennedy, JE TI Wechsler adult intelligence scale-third edition military edition characteristics of a military traumatic brain injury sample SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This article describes the postinjury cognitive functioning of a sample of active duty, retired, and military beneficiaries who received traumatic brain injuries. Patients were seen in the neuropsychology clinic at Brooke Army Medical Center for a detailed cognitive and personality assessment. The scores on a major component of this evaluation, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition, are summarized. The results are compared with those reported in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition technical manual for a smaller, less diverse sample. The findings are consistent with the formulation that stable verbal skills are most resistant to brain injury, followed by nonverbal reasoning and visuospatial ability, and then working memory with speed of information processing being the most vulnerable to the effects of brain injury. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, ABPP, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Clement, PF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, ABPP, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 168 IS 12 BP 1025 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IN UT WOS:000235828900015 PM 14719630 ER PT J AU Weis, KL AF Weis, KL TI Asthma management across the life span: the childbearing woman with asthma SO NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ALLERGY MEDICATIONS; EPIDURAL ANALGESIA; PREGNANCY; WOMEN; PHARMACOKINETICS; GASTROSCHISIS; OUTCOMES; SAFETY AB Asthma can pose a serious threat to the pregnant mother and her fetus if not treated appropriately. Studies analyzing the causes of death in severe asthma have shown that most occur outside of the hospital with neither the physician nor the patient appreciating the seriousness of the symptoms. For this reason, a pregnant woman with a diagnosis of asthma must be evaluated thoroughly and managed aggressively by an obstetrician and pulmonary specialist or a maternal-fetal medicine specialist trained in high-risk pregnancies. Any evaluation or assessment of the pregnant asthmatic must be interpreted in light of pregnancy-induced changes. Treatment must be focused on set goals to correct maternal hypoxia, relieve bronchospasm, ensure adequate ventilation, and optimize uteroplacental exchange preventing fetal hypoxia. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Maternal Child Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weis, KL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Maternal Child Dept, 859th Med Operat Squadron 2200,Bergquist Dr,Suite, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0029-6465 J9 NURS CLIN N AM JI Nurs. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 665 EP + DI 10.1016/S0029-6465(03)00105-1 PG 11 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 757VH UT WOS:000187581800010 PM 14763368 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW Gilkey, RH Green, R LaFleur, T Haas, MW AF Repperger, DW Gilkey, RH Green, R LaFleur, T Haas, MW TI Effects of haptic feedback and turbulence on landing performance using an immersive cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; FORCE AB An investigation was conducted in which subjects had to land a simulated F-16 aircraft using a CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) facility. This was a three- dimensional virtual setting consisting of multiple mirrors, 3-D video-projected displays in a highly stressful environment employing a haptic joystick. 6 subjects learned a task which required landing in wind turbulence with a reduced visual scene. Analyses indicated that during landing, performance error variables which occurred in the same direction as the haptic forces were significantly reduced. This was true, especially when the visual scene was occluded and more reliance on the proprioceptive condition was beneficial. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD DEC PY 2003 VL 97 IS 3 BP 820 EP 832 DI 10.2466/PMS.97.7.820-832 PN 1 PG 13 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 756TZ UT WOS:000187500500021 PM 14738347 ER PT J AU Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Green, K Krauskopf, B AF Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Green, K Krauskopf, B TI External cavity modes of semiconductor lasers with phase-conjugate feedback SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; DIODE-LASER; DYNAMICS; BIFURCATION; SUBJECT; CHAOS; STABILITY; LOCKING AB External cavity modes (ECMs) of a semiconductor laser with phase-conjugate feedback are defined as time-periodic pulsating intensity solutions exhibiting a frequency close to an integer multiple of the external cavity frequency. As the feedback rate progressively increases from zero, they sequentially appear as stable attractors in the bifurcation diagram. We construct a simple analytical approximation of these pulsating intensity solutions and determine their frequencies. We show that branches of ECMs are isolated. Finally, the validity of our approximation is tested by comparing numerical bifurcation diagrams obtained by simulation and continuation techniques with our analytical results. C1 Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Comp Sci, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Bristol, Dept Engn Math, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Erneux, T (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Campus Plaine,CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 066205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.066205 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 765XQ UT WOS:000188316700048 ER PT J AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB TI Progress and prospects for the development of computer generated actors for military simulation, part 3 - The road ahead SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID ONTOLOGIES AB The development of realistic computer-generated synthetic environments, also called distributed virtual environments, relies heavily upon computer-generated actors (CGAs) to provide accurate behaviors at reasonable cost so that the synthetic environments are useful, affordable, complex, and high fidelity. Unfortunately, the pace of synthetic environment development and the level of desired CGA performance continue to rise at a much faster rate than CGA capability improvements. This insatiable demand for realism in CGAs for synthetic environments arises from the growing understanding of the. significant role that modeling and simulation can play in a variety of uses. These uses include training, analysis, procurement decisions, mission rehearsal, doctrine development, force-level and task-level training, information assurance, cyberwarfare, force structure analysis, sustainability analysis, life cycle costs analysis, material management, infrastructure analysis, and many other uses. In these and other uses of military synthetic environments, CGAs play a central role because they have the potential to increase the realism of the environment while also reducing the cost of operating the environment. The progress made in addressing the technical challenges that must be overcome to realize effective and realistic CGAs for military simulation environments and the technical areas that should be the focus of future work are the subject of this paper, which surveys the technologies and progress made in the construction and use of CGAs. In this, the third installment in the series of papers discussing CGAs, we conclude our discussion of CGA technologies by concluding the discussion of human behavior modeling for CGAs, and we present some suggested future research directions for CGA technologies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32828 USA. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mstytz@att.net; Sheila.banks@afams.af.mil NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 629 EP 643 DI 10.1162/105474603322955923 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 807QP UT WOS:000220516300005 ER PT J AU Dobmeyer, AC Rowan, AB Etherage, JR Wilson, RJ AF Dobmeyer, AC Rowan, AB Etherage, JR Wilson, RJ TI Training psychology interns in primary behavioral health care SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID ADDICTIVE-DISORDERS; PROGRAM AB This article describes a training program for primary behavioral health care (PBHC) for clinical psychology interns. The authors discuss the rationale for integrating mental health into primary care and the need for additional training programs at the predoctoral internship level. A review of relevant literature suggests that effective functioning in primary care requires competence in (a) generalist psychology, (b) health psychology, (c) interdisciplinary team functioning, and (d) skills specific to primary care. The authors advocate for a relatively intensive training program to address these areas. Common intern training difficulties observed during 3 years of program implementation are discussed. Practical, lessons-learned recommendations that address these problem areas provide guidance for others seeking to develop a PBHC training program. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Dobmeyer, AC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59 MDOS-MMCPH,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 586 EP 594 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.34.6.586 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 751AU UT WOS:000187031300002 ER PT J AU Garb, HN AF Garb, HN TI Incremental validity and the assessment of psychopathology in adults SO PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review ID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; NONCLINICAL YOUNG-ADULTS; RATING DEPRESSION SCALE; EGO IMPAIRMENT INDEX; ANXIETY SENSITIVITY; COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM; PERCEIVED CONTROL; INTERPERSONAL PROBLEMS; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENT AB Results from studies on incremental validity are described for (a) interviews, (b) personality inventories, (c) projective techniques, and (d) brief self-rated and clinician-rated measures. In some of the studies (clinical judgment studies), psychologists were given increasing amounts of information. In other studies (statistical prediction studies), increasing amounts of assessment information were entered into a statistical prediction rule. Although relatively little research has been conducted on incremental validity, results that have been obtained tend to favor the use of interviews, personality inventories (e.g., the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2; J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R., Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 1989), and brief self-rated measures (e.g., the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, S. Reiss, R. A. Peterson, D. M. Gursky, & R. M. McNally, 1986). Results are generally less encouraging for projective techniques. C1 Vet Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat & Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Garb, HN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Psychol Res Serv, 59 MDOS MMCPR,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 156 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1040-3590 J9 PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT JI Psychol. Assess. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 508 EP 520 DI 10.1037/1040-3590.15.4.508 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 754VH UT WOS:000187352200007 PM 14692846 ER PT J AU Selden, NP Ketsdever, AD AF Selden, NP Ketsdever, AD TI Comparison of force balance calibration techniques for the nano-Newton range SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB With the rapid progress of micro- and nanoscale fabrication technology, devices are continually being created which produce extremely small forces. This creates a distinct need for a measurement instrument and adequate calibration techniques which can resolve forces below 1 muN. Two calibration methods for force balance measurements in the nano-Newton range are presented. These methods are based on a free molecule gas dynamic expansion through a thin-walled orifice and the electrostatic actuation of a miniature comb drive. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of every calibration technique, multiple techniques are often required to validate performance results for microscale devices. Because these calibration techniques typically rely on completely different physical processes and can be described by different sets of analytical equations, the comparison of one technique to another is necessary when high accuracy is required. The gas dynamic and electrostatic force calibration techniques have been compared and were found to agree to within 8% for force levels between 35 nano-Newtons and 1 muN. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Selden, NP (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5249 EP 5254 DI 10.1063/1.1623628 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400043 ER PT J AU Hong, L Cong, S Pronobis, MT Scott, S AF Hong, L Cong, S Pronobis, MT Scott, S TI Wavelets feature aided tracking (WFAT) using GMTI/HRR data SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE target tracking; data association; wavelets; feature-aided tracking; hidden Markov tree; GMTI; HRR ID TARGET TRACKING; ALGORITHM; MODELS AB This paper presents a research development of wavelets feature aided tracking, which effectively combines information from both high-resolution range (HRR) radar profiles and ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar reports. The state-of-the-art wavelets-based statistical signal processing technique: wavelets domain hidden Markov trees is used to extract robust features from HRR profiles. With the assistance of HRR wavelets features, a GMTI tracker based on a probabilistic data association logic can effectively track ground moving targets in confusing scenarios. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lhong@cs.wright.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 12 BP 2683 EP 2690 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2003.07.013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 739KY UT WOS:000186346000013 ER PT J AU Ip, K Overberg, ME Heo, YW Norton, DP Pearton, SJ Stutz, CE Kucheyev, SO Jagadish, C Williams, JS Luo, B Ren, F Look, DC Zavada, JM AF Ip, K Overberg, ME Heo, YW Norton, DP Pearton, SJ Stutz, CE Kucheyev, SO Jagadish, C Williams, JS Luo, B Ren, F Look, DC Zavada, JM TI Hydrogen incorporation, diffusivity and evolution in bulk ZnO SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FLORIDA DE ZnO; hydrogen; diffusion ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE; SHALLOW DONOR; CONDUCTIVITY; DEVICES; FILMS; GAN AB Hydrogen is readily incorporated into bulk, single-crystal ZnO during exposure to plasmas at moderate (100-300degreesC) temperatures. Incorporation depths of >25 mum were obtained in 0.5 h at 300degreesC, producing a diffusivity of similar to8 x 10(-10) cm(2)/V s at this temperature. The activation energy for diffusion is 0.17 +/- 0.12 eV, indicating an interstitial mechanism. Subsequent annealing at 500-600 degreesC is sufficient to evolve all of the hydrogen out of the ZnO, at least to the sensitivity of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (<5 x 10(15) cm(-3)). The thermal stability of hydrogen retention is slightly greater when the hydrogen is incorporated by direct implantation relative to plasma exposure, due to trapping at residual damage. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ip, K (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2255 EP 2259 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00207-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900022 ER PT J AU Shook, CL Ketchen, DJ Cycyota, CS Crockett, D AF Shook, CL Ketchen, DJ Cycyota, CS Crockett, D TI Data analytic trends and training in strategic management SO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE strategy research; statistical methods; research trends; doctoral training AB Data analysis is a key element of the research process. Accordingly, appropriate doctoral training in data analysis is vital to the strategic management field's future. We used a two-study design to evaluate quantitative data analysis trends and doctoral training. An analysis of Strategic Management Journal articles from 1980 to 2001 reveals that, contrary to some predictions, the use of general linear model techniques such as regression has increased over time. However, the use of more specialized techniques, including those suitable for examining longitudinal data, discrete events, and causal structure, has also grown substantially. A survey of recent doctoral graduates shows that, although skilled with general linear models, many are ill prepared to use specialized techniques. Based on our findings, we offer suggestions aimed at bridging gaps between what doctoral students (and other researchers) know and what they need to know about data analysis. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Florida State Univ, Coll Business, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Business Adm, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Shook, CL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Business, 401 Lowder Business Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0143-2095 J9 STRATEGIC MANAGE J JI Strateg. Manage. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1231 EP 1237 DI 10.1002/smj.352 PG 7 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 747EH UT WOS:000186791900004 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Dahoda, J Rogers, R Bennet, S AF Hedrick, A Dahoda, J Rogers, R Bennet, S TI Learning from each other: Plyometric training SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 25 IS 6 BP 53 EP 54 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 748UB UT WOS:000186878500007 ER PT J AU Worley, SD Li, F Wu, R Kim, J Wei, CI Williams, JF Owens, JR Wander, JD Bargmeyer, AM Shirtliff, ME AF Worley, SD Li, F Wu, R Kim, J Wei, CI Williams, JF Owens, JR Wander, JD Bargmeyer, AM Shirtliff, ME TI A novel N-halamine monomer for preparing biocidal polyurethane coatings SO SURFACE COATINGS INTERNATIONAL PART B-COATINGS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-SUPPORTED REAGENTS; ACTIVE CHLORINE; WATER; DISINFECTANTS; QUATERNARY AB A novel N-halamine monomer has been prepared which can be copolymerised with a commercial water-borne acrylic polyol and a commercial isocyanate to produce a polyurethane coating which can be applied to a broad variety of surfaces. After curing, the coating can be chlorinated with a source of free chlorine, such as bleach, to render it biocidal. Once the coating loses its chlorine loading, and hence its biocidal activity, regeneration is possible by further exposure to free chlorine. In one experimental observation a coating on a wall retained its biocidal activity for more than six months. The biocidal coating should have many applications, for example, in medical facilities, in food preparation areas, in the prevention of biofouling in aqueous and humid environments, etc. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Vanson Halosource, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. AFRL, MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Worley, SD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. OI Shirtliff, Mark/0000-0002-8913-3445 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU SURFACE COATINGS INTERNATIONAL PI MIDDLESEX PA PRIORY HOUSE-967 HARROW RD WEMBLEY, MIDDLESEX HA0 2SF, ENGLAND SN 1476-4865 J9 SURF COAT INT PT B-C JI Surf. Coat. Int. Pt. B-Coat. Trans. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1007/BF02699499 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 750CZ UT WOS:000186974900005 ER PT J AU Bishoff, JT Cornum, RL Perahia, B Seay, T Eliason, S Katus, M Morey, A Gresham, V Pusateri, A Murcin, LA Tuthill, D Friedman, S AF Bishoff, JT Cornum, RL Perahia, B Seay, T Eliason, S Katus, M Morey, A Gresham, V Pusateri, A Murcin, LA Tuthill, D Friedman, S TI Laparoscopic heminephrectomy using a new fibrin sealant powder SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID V LIVER-INJURIES; ADHESIVE BANDAGE; BLOOD-LOSS; DRESSINGS; EFFICACY; MODEL; SWINE AB Objectives. To determine the ability of a hemostatic fibrin sealant powder (HFSP), delivered laparoscopically, to achieve hemostasis and seal the collecting system during laparoscopic heminephrectomy. Methods. An HFSP preparation was applied laparoscopically as a dry powder spray. Twenty-two farm pigs were randomized into two laparoscopic heminephrectomy groups: group 1 underwent conventional intra-corporal suturing with vascular control (n = 11) and group 2 received HFSP application alone with regional ischemia (n = 11). Computed tomography was performed at 48 hours and again 6 weeks postoperatively. Results. The operative findings revealed no differences between the two groups in the weight of the removed segments, mean arterial blood pressure, operating room time, estimated blood loss, or hematocrit and serum creatinine levels. The gross examination 6 weeks postoperatively found no delayed bleeding, urinoma formation, or bowel adhesions. The computed tomography findings at 48 hours postoperatively demonstrated excellent hemostasis in both groups. Urinary extravasation was detected in 8 (80%) of 10 animals in the HFSP group and 1 (9%) of 11 in the conventional group at 48 hours (P < 0.008). At the 6-week computed tomography evaluation, none of the animals showed evidence of urinoma or hematoma formation. Histopathologically, at 6 weeks, the cut surface of the kidneys in both groups had been replaced by dense scar tissue at the cortex with a sharp line of demarcation between the scar and normal kidney. Conclusions. HFSP greatly facilitates laparoscopic heminephrectomy by providing rapid and lasting hemostasis without suturing. Early urine extravasation was more common in the HFSP group, but no clinical, gross, or radiographic evidence of urinoma formation was seen in either group 6 weeks after surgery. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Sect Endourol, MCSU,Urol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78253 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78253 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78253 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Bishoff, JT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Sect Endourol, MCSU,Urol Serv, 2200 Berquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78253 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(03)00783-0 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 811RV UT WOS:000220789900041 PM 14665378 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Miller, TM Williams, S Viggiano, AA AF Van Doren, JM Miller, TM Williams, S Viggiano, AA TI Direct measurement of the thermal rate coefficient for electron attachment to ozone in the gas phase, 300-550 K: Implications for the ionosphere SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY; CROSS-SECTIONS; NEGATIVE-IONS; DETACHMENT; TEMPERATURE; DISCHARGE; O2 AB Attachment of thermal electrons to O-3 was studied in 133 Pa He between 300-550 K; the process is extremely inefficient. The rate coefficient increases sharply with temperature from 0.9 to 5x10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) (+/-30%) and comparison to kinetic energy measurements suggests internal energy can drive the reaction. These determinations account for competing processes of diffusion, recombination, and electron detachment reactions, and imply that no significant zero-energy resonance cross section exists, contradicting recent electron-beam results that call for substantial revision of ionospheric models. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 223201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.223201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900012 PM 14683234 ER PT J AU Fraga, CG AF Fraga, CG TI Chemometric approach for the resolution and quantification of unresolved peaks in gas chromatography-selected-ion mass spectrometry data SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Comprehensive Multidimentsional Gas Chromatography CY MAR 06-07, 2003 CL VOLENDAM, NETHERLANDS DE chemometrics; generalized rank annihilation method; curve resolution; unresolved peaks ID RANK ANNIHILATION METHOD; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CURVE RESOLUTION; EXTRACTION; SPECTRA; GC; STANDARDIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; DECONVOLUTION; ALIGNMENT AB A semiautomated and integrated chemometric approach is presented for the resolution and quantification of unresolved target-analyte signals in gas chromatography-selected-ion monitoring (GC-SIM) data collected using scanning mass spectrometers. The chemometric approach utilizes an unskewing algorithm and two multivariate chemometric methods known as rank alignment and the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM). The unskewing algorithm corrects the retention-time differences within a single GC-SIM data matrix caused by using a scanning mass spectrometer. Rank alignment objectively corrects the run-to-run retention-time difference between a sample GC-SIM data matrix and a standard addition GC-SIM data matrix. GRAM analysis uses the sample and standard addition data matrices to mathematically resolve and quantify the target-analyte signal(s). The resolution and quantification of severely unresolved target-analyte signals are demonstrated using GC-SIM data obtained from conventional heart-cut two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. In addition, the GC-SIM data is used to demonstrate the result of chemometric analysis when the absence of a target-analyte signal is obscured by interference. Chemometric analysis is shown to unambiguously detect an analyte based on its resolved mass chromatograms in situations where the traditional approach of measuring peak height fails to positively detect it. The predicted analyte concentrations are within 8% of the reference concentrations. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fraga, CG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 1019 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01329-3 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 742EK UT WOS:000186503600004 PM 14650602 ER PT J AU Sinha, AE Prazen, BJ Fraga, CG Synovec, RE AF Sinha, AE Prazen, BJ Fraga, CG Synovec, RE TI Valve-based comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection: instrumentation and figures-of-merit SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Comprehensive Multidimentsional Gas Chromatography CY MAR 06-07, 2003 CL VOLENDAM, NETHERLANDS DE gas chromatography; comprehensive two-dimensional; mass spectrometry; modulator; valve-based; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; instrumentation; triethylphosphorothioate; dimethyl methyl phosphonate; dimethyl phosphite ID GC X GC; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS; AUTOMATED INSTRUMENTATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ESSENTIAL OILS; SEPARATIONS; SAMPLES; ORTHOGONALITY; RESOLUTION AB A valve-based comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC x GC/TOFMS) is demonstrated. The performance characteristics of the instrument were evaluated using a complex sample containing a mixture of fuel components, natural products, and organo-phosphorous compounds. The valve-based GC x GC, designed to function with an extended temperature of operation range, is shown to have high chromatographic resolution, high separation efficiency and low detection limits. Typical peak widths at base are nominally from 100 to 300 ms on column 2 and nominally 10 s on column 1. The injected mass and injected concentration limit of detection (LOD), defined as 3 standard deviations above the mean baseline noise. for three organo-phosphorous compounds (triethylphosphorothioate (TEPT), dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and dimethyl phosphite (DMP)) in a complex environmental sample were from 6 to 38 pg, and 3 to 17 ng/ml, respectively. The temperature program for the environmental sample ranged from 40 to 230degreesC, a temperature range capable of analyzing semi-volatile compounds. A new compact, stand-alone, valve-pulse generator device has been implemented and is also reported. The valve-based GC x GC instrument, therefore, offers a simple, rugged and less expensive alternative to thermally modulated instruments. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Dept Chem, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 48 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 1019 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.047 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 742EK UT WOS:000186503600008 PM 14650606 ER PT J AU Lyuksyutov, SF Paramonov, PB Juhl, S Vaia, RA AF Lyuksyutov, SF Paramonov, PB Juhl, S Vaia, RA TI Amplitude-modulated electrostatic nanolithography in polymers based on atomic force microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DATA-STORAGE; MILLIPEDE; SILICON AB Amplitude modulated electrostatic lithography using atomic force microscopy (AFM) on 20-50 nm thin polymer films is discussed. Electric bias of AFM tip increases the distance over which the surface influences the oscillation amplitude of an AFM cantilever, providing a process window to control tip-film separation. Arrays of nanodots, as small as 10-50 nm wide by 1-10 nm high are created via a localized Joule heating of a small fraction of polymer above the glass transition temperature, followed by electrostatic attraction of the polarized viscoelastic polymer melt toward the AFM tip in the strong (10(8)-10(9) V/m) nonuniform electric field. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyuksyutov, SF (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Paramonov, Pavel/I-6090-2013 OI Paramonov, Pavel/0000-0002-3163-4319 NR 11 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 21 BP 4405 EP 4407 DI 10.1063/1.1629787 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 744ZD UT WOS:000186662000043 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Starkey, MJ Shaffer, RA Ito, SI Tasker, SA Barile, AJ Tamminga, CL Stephan, KT Aronson, NE Fraser, SL Wallace, MR Wegner, SA Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE AF Brodine, SK Starkey, MJ Shaffer, RA Ito, SI Tasker, SA Barile, AJ Tamminga, CL Stephan, KT Aronson, NE Fraser, SL Wallace, MR Wegner, SA Mascola, JR McCutchan, FE TI Diverse HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, laboratory and behavioral factors in a recently infected US military cohort SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-1 subtypes; US military; cross-sectional study; risk factors; seroconversion; epidemiology ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NON-B SUBTYPES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; SENTINEL SITE; VIRAL LOAD; RESISTANCE; POLYMORPHISMS; TRANSMISSION; PROGRESSION AB Objective: To describe the demographics, risk behaviors, and HIV-1 subtypes in a large cohort of recently HIV-infected military personnel. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Methods: US military personnel with recent HIV seroconversion from six medical referral centers were enrolled with a self-administered questionnaire, CD4 cell counts, syphilis and hepatitis B serologies, plasma viral RNA levels, and HIV-1 subtype nucleic acid sequencing. Results: Between February 1997 and May 2000, 520 patients were enrolled. Most [488 (94.3%)] were infected with HIV-1 subtype B. The most prevalent non-B subtype was a circulating recombinant form (CRF01_AE) [17 (61%)]; however, two pure subtypes (C and D), as well as CRF02_AG, CRF09_cpx and a BE recombinant were identified. The likely area of HIV-1 acquisition was the United States for 70% of the volunteers. At least three non-B subtype infections (two subtype C, one subtype CRF01_AE) were apparently acquired domestically. Risk behaviors and comorbid sexually transmitted diseases were reported during the seroconversion period. Volunteers with non-B subtype HIV infection were more likely to report heterosexual contacts [92% vs. 39%; odds ratio (OR), 10.0], including contacts with commercial sex workers (41% vs. 13%; OR, 4.9). The Roche Amplicor version 1.0 assay was less sensitive for non-B subtype infections than the Roche Amplicor version 1.5 assay. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence and diversity of non-B HIV subtypes in this large cohort. Efficient diagnosis of acute primary HIV-1 infection was identified as a goal for prevention programs. Modifiable risk behaviors and target populations for intervention were identified. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 17 BP 2521 EP 2527 DI 10.1097/00002030-200311210-00016 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 809YR UT WOS:000220672500015 PM 14600525 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Curliss, D AF Chen, CG Curliss, D TI Preparation, characterization, and nanostructural evolution of epoxy nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; clay; morphology; SAXS ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EXFOLIATION BEHAVIOR; POLYMER; MONTMORILLONITE; HYBRID; MORPHOLOGY; MAGADIITE AB Epoxy nanocomposites were prepared from the different organoclays with aerospace epoxy resin. A series of organoclays treated with alkylammonium chloride with different alkyl groups of different carbon chains were prepared, including SC4, SC6, SC8, SC10, SC12, SC16, SC18, and NC8, NC12, NC18. All of these organoclays, except for SC4, are very compatible with the aerospace Epon 862/ curing agent W. The characterization from wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the exfoliated nanostructure. The six-carbon chain length of the ammonium cation is enough to wet the surface of the clay gallery to make the organoclay compatible with epoxy resin. The clay with lower cation exchange capacity is more favorable for the polymer penetration inside the gallery and is dispersed better in the polymer matrix. The structural evolution of the aerospace epoxy nanocomposite was monitored by in situ SAXS. The 3% SC18/Epon 862/W, 3 and 6% SC8/Epon 862/W showed exfoliated nanostructure, while there is no exfoliation taking place for 3% S30B/Epon 862/W and 3%S25A/Epon 862/W up to 200degreesC. The acidity from the pendent group in SC18 and SC8 has a catalytic effect for the polymerization inside the gallery, while the organic pendent group of S30B and S25A does not. The faster reaction of the intragallery epoxy resin produced extra thermal heat inside the gallery to expand the gallery and is favorable for the migration of epoxy resin outside the gallery into the gallery where exfoliation took place. The exothermal heat of curing inside the gallery is an important factor for nanosheets exfoliation. Although exfoliation took place for both 3% SC18/Epon 862/W and 3% SC8/Epon 862/W, the detailed morphology development during the curing is different. For 3% SC8/Epon 862/W, the interplanar spacing between the layers is increased gradually, while 3% SC18/ Epon 862/W experienced the disappearance of the ordered structure of the layered silicate in the beginning of the curing process and reappearance of the ordered structure of the silicate later. The glassy and rubbery moduli of the polymer-silicate nanocomposites were found to be greater than the unmodified resin because of the high aspect ratio and high stiffness of the layered silicate filler. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, CG (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2276 EP 2287 DI 10.1002/app.12901 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 727ZF UT WOS:000185690200034 ER PT J AU Moser, NA Gillespie, JK Via, GD Crespo, A Yannuzzi, MJ Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Luo, B Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ AF Moser, NA Gillespie, JK Via, GD Crespo, A Yannuzzi, MJ Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Luo, B Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ TI Effects of surface treatments on isolation currents in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; PASSIVATION; HEMTS; POWER; MGO; SC2O3; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISM; SIGNAL AB Interdevice isolation currents in mesa-isolated AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors are found to exhibit thermally activated behavior, with an activation energy of similar to1.5 eV. This value is largely independent of surface cleaning processes or the type of passivation film (SiNX, Sc2O3, MgO) used to reduce the current collapse phenomena in the devices. However, the magnitude of the isolation current is a strong function of the surface treatment employed. The lowest isolation currents for conditions under which current collapse is mitigated are obtained using Sc2O3 passivation layers. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Moser, NA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4178 EP 4180 DI 10.1063/1.1628394 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400033 ER PT J AU McFarland, RW Splichal, JE McGlasson, D Bush, AS Dice, YG AF McFarland, RW Splichal, JE McGlasson, D Bush, AS Dice, YG TI The effects of Ginkgo biloba on the coagulation system. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 4056 BP 87B EP 87B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UU UT WOS:000186537100347 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Harroff, HH Dick, E Sutton, J AF McGlasson, DL Harroff, HH Dick, E Sutton, J TI Unusual coagulation response in rabbits following brown recluse spider envenomation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 4078 BP 93B EP 93B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UU UT WOS:000186537100369 ER PT J AU Repine, TB Osswald, M AF Repine, TB Osswald, M TI Menorrhagia due to a qualitative deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: Case report. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 4102 BP 98B EP 99B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UU UT WOS:000186537100393 ER PT J AU Stamm, J Ornstein, D Splichal, J Ririe, D McGlasson, D AF Stamm, J Ornstein, D Splichal, J Ririe, D McGlasson, D TI The effect of pravastatin on markers of coagulation activation and inflammation in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 3606 BP 968A EP 968A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536703606 ER PT J AU Jogai, B Albrecht, JD Pan, E AF Jogai, B Albrecht, JD Pan, E TI Electromechanical coupling in free-standing AlGaN/GaN planar structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ALN; GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; POLARIZATION; STRAIN; FILMS AB The strain and electric fields present in free-standing AlGaN/GaN slabs are examined theoretically within the framework of fully coupled continuum elastic and dielectric models. Simultaneous solutions for the electric field and strain components are obtained by minimizing the electric enthalpy. We apply constraints appropriate to pseudomorphic semiconductor epitaxial layers and obtain closed-form analytic expressions that take into account the wurtzite crystal anisotropy. It is shown that in the absence of free charges, the calculated strain and electric fields are substantially different from those obtained using the standard model without electromechanical coupling. It is also shown, however, that when a two-dimensional electron gas is present at the AlGaN/GaN interface, a condition that is the basis for heterojunction field-effect transistors, the electromechanical coupling is screened and the decoupled model is once again a good approximation. Specific cases of these calculations corresponding to transistor and superlattice structures are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6566 EP 6573 DI 10.1063/1.1620378 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600051 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Qian, XM Tang, XN Ng, CY Chiu, Y Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA AF Zhang, T Qian, XM Tang, XN Ng, CY Chiu, Y Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA TI A state-selected study of the H-2(+) (X,v(+)=0-17,N+=1)+Ne proton transfer reaction using the pulsed-field ionization-photoelectron-secondary ion coincidence scheme SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MOLECULE REACTIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; RARE-GASES; ENTROPY DEFICIENCY; MASS-SPECTROMETER; REACTION DYNAMICS AB The endothermic proton transfer reaction, H-2(+)(v(+),N+=1)+Ne-->NeH++H(DeltaH=0.54 eV), is investigated over a broad range of reactant vibrational energies using the pulsed-field ionization-photoelectron-secondary ion coincidence (PFI-PESICO) scheme. For the lowest vibrational levels, v(+)=0 and 1, a detailed translational energy dependence is also presented using a continuous approach for preparing reactant ions with monochromatic VUV. Sharp threshold onsets are observed, suggesting the importance of long-lived intermediates or resonances. At a translational energy, E-T=0.7 eV, absolute state-selected reaction cross sections are measured for all reactant vibrational levels v(+)=0-17. For levels v(+)=0-6, the cross sections grow rapidly with vibrational quantum, above which the cross sections saturate at a value of similar to13+/-4 Angstrom(2). At levels v(+)>13, the cross sections decline, probably due to competition with the dissociation channel. At a translational energy, E-T=1.7 eV, absolute state-selected reaction cross sections are measured for reactant vibrational levels spanning the range between v(+)=0 and 14. Cross section growth is observed from v(+)=0-7, above which the cross sections no longer exhibit a steady trend. At E-T=4.5 eV, cross sections are reported for vibrational levels covering the range between v(+)=0 and 12. The cross sections are substantially lower at this high translational energy, however, they still exhibit a substantial vibrational enhancement below v(+)=8. The present measurements are compared with quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations. The comparison can be categorized by three distinct total energy (E-tot=E-T+E-vib) regimes. For E-tot<1 eV, the experimental cross sections exceed the QCT results, consistent with important quantum effects at low energies. For 1 .05). There was also no correlation between shear bond strength and the percentage of adhesive resin remnants left on the orthodontic bracket. Under the conditions of this study, no evidence suggests a difference in shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to tooth enamel, whether they are bonded with the direct or indirect technique. C1 Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS-MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 124 IS 5 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1067/S0889-5406(03)00503-1 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 743AW UT WOS:000186551100017 PM 14614426 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Yi, EK Beall, DP AF Ly, JQ Yi, EK Beall, DP TI Diabetic muscle infarction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Hickam Primary Care Clin, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ste 1,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1216 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 735RY UT WOS:000186129400020 PM 14573406 ER PT J AU McHugh, CP Thies, ML Melby, PC Yantis, LD Raymond, RW Villegas, MD Kerr, SF AF McHugh, CP Thies, ML Melby, PC Yantis, LD Raymond, RW Villegas, MD Kerr, SF TI Short report: A disseminated infection of Leishmania mexicana in an eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana, collected in Texas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MICROPUS AB An eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) collected in January 2001 near Bedias, Grimes County, Texas, had extensive lesions of both ears and swollen feet. Impression smears and histologic sections demonstrated the presence of Leishmania in both ears and the one foot that was screened. Polymerase chain reaction screening using species-specific primers detected parasites in both ears and all four feet and indicated the parasites were L. mexicana. The detection of L. mexicana in N. floridana represents a new host record in a new ecologic region and may help explain a human infection acquired outside the previously-known range of the disease. Given the geographic distribution of N. floridana and the two other species of Neotoma found naturally infected, enzootic foci of Leishmania could be present over much of the southern United States. C1 AFIOH, RSRH, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Incarnate Word, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. RP McHugh, CP (reprint author), AFIOH, RSRH, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-55337]; ODCDC CDC HHS [H75/CCH615041] NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 5 BP 470 EP 472 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 750WY UT WOS:000187022500006 PM 14695082 ER PT J AU Venticinque, SG Kashyap, VS O'Connell, RJ AF Venticinque, SG Kashyap, VS O'Connell, RJ TI Chemical burn injury secondary to intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL DISINFECTION AB We describe a case of a 72-yr-old male who suffered aerodigestive tract chemical injury resulting from a probable post-processing residual of the high-level disinfectant solution Cidex(R) OPA (ortho-phthalaldehyde) used to disinfect the transesophageal echocardiogram probe used for cardiac monitoring during general anesthesia. This case highlights; the need for strict adherence to manufacturers' instructions when using chemical disinfectants for transesophageal echocardiogram probe reprocessing. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Control, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP O'Connell, RJ (reprint author), 759MDOS,MMII,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1261 DI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000083641.58267.0C PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 735YZ UT WOS:000186143600010 PM 14570634 ER PT J AU Sjogren, JA AF Sjogren, JA TI Principal rings and their invariant factors SO APPLICABLE ALGEBRA IN ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Bezoutian ring; module capacity; Smith canonical form; distributive semi-group lattice; invariant basis property AB In this article we put forward a new look at the theory of principal and Invariant-Factor rings, with a view toward facilitating the formalization, automation, and archiving of results and their proofs. We take an elementary and constructive approach: standard techniques such as prime ideals and factorization of elements are avoided, and determinant constructions are minimized. Using such ''computationally friendly'' methods, the main existence and uniqueness results on invariant factors for a f.g. torsion module are derived, and several new algebraic constructions and results are found. The lattice of principal integral ideals for any commutative Bezoutian ring is explicitly constructed based on a first-order proof overlooked in the literature, together with a proof that this lattice is distributive. A ''Lagrange quotient'' theorem for finitely generated modules over any principal ring is stated for the first time. A very constructive new proof is given that a principal ring has the Hermite property, so is also an Invariant-Factor ring. A calculus that is needed in the ideal lattice, naturally yields a number of formulas valid for a function lattice. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Ballston Stn, VA 22203 USA. RP Sjogren, JA (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 4015 Wilson Blvd, Ballston Stn, VA 22203 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1279 J9 APPL ALGEBR ENG COMM JI Appl. Algebr. Eng. Commun. Comput. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 287 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s00200-003-0138-0 PG 42 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 745JX UT WOS:000186686500003 ER PT J AU Kadiyala, V Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC AF Kadiyala, V Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC TI Construction of Escherichia coli strains for conversion of nitroacetophenones to ortho-aminophenols SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; NITROBENZENE NITROREDUCTASE; HYDROXYLAMINOBENZENE MUTASE; CLOACAE NITROREDUCTASE; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; OVER-PRODUCTION; 2-AMINO-3-HYDROXYACETOPHENONE; DEGRADATION; POLYMERS; PUTIDA AB The predominant bacterial pathway for nitrobenzene (NB) degradation uses an NB nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene (HAB) mutase to form the ring-fission substrate ortho-aminophenol. We tested the hypothesis that constructed strains might accumulate the aminophenols from nitroacetophenones and other nitroaromatic compounds. We constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying NB nitroreductase (nbzA) and HAB mutase A (habA) genes, both from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45, and expressed the enzymes in Escherichia coli JS995. IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside) -induced cells of strain JS995 rapidly and stoichiometrically converted NB to 2-aminophenol, 2-nitroacetophenone (2NAP) to 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone (2AHAP), and 3-nitroacetophenone (3NAP) to 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone (3AHAP). We constructed another recombinant plasmid containing the nitroreductase gene (nfs1) from Enterobacter cloacae and habA from strain JS45 and expressed the enzymes in E. coli JS996. Strain JS996 converted NB to 2-aminophenol, 2-nitrotoluene to 2-amino-3-methylphenol, 3-nitrotoluene to 2-amino-4-methylphenol, 4-nitrobiphenyl ether to 4-amino-5-phenoxyphenol, and I-nitronaphthalene to 2-amino-1-naphthol. In larger-scale biotransformations catalyzed by strain JS995, 75% of the 2NAP transformed was converted to 2AHAP, whereas 3AHAP was produced stoichiometrically from 3NAP. The final yields of the aminophenols after extraction and recovery were >64%. The biocatalytic synthesis of ortho-aminophenols from nitroacetophenones suggests that strain JS995 may be useful in the biocatalytic production of a variety of substituted ortho-aminophenols from the corresponding nitroaromatic compounds. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Bldg 1117,139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 11 BP 6520 EP 6526 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6520-6526.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 740XK UT WOS:000186427800025 PM 14602609 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Darlington, KK AF Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Darlington, KK TI Utility of dextroamphetamine for attenuating the impact of sleep deprivation in pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dextroamphetamine; Dexedrine (R); fatigue; sleep-deprivation ID D-AMPHETAMINE; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; AVIATOR PERFORMANCE; DEXEDRINE(R); EFFICACY; FATIGUE; OPERATIONS; MODAFINIL; PLACEBO; DRUGS AB Introduction: Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine(R)) is an effective fatigue countermeasure for use in military subject pilots who are deprived of sleep. Anecdotal reports have indicated Dexedrine (Dex) is effective in "real world" sustained operations, and controlled laboratory tests have yielded positive results as well. The aim of this study was to substantiate the efficacy of Dex for sustaining the alertness and performance of pilots during periods of sleep deprivation by showing the robust effects of the medication and its consistent effects across several research efforts. Methods: In the present report, selected data from several controlled aviation studies were reviewed and combined to corroborate the efficacy of Dex as a fatigue countermeasure. Results: The results showed Dex to be effective for maintaining flight skills, psychological mood, and physiological activation (measured via electroencephalograph data) in sleep-deprived pilots. The positive benefits of the medication were not offset by marked disruptions in recovery sleep, although some negative effects were observed (sleep was lighter for several hours following drug administration). Conclusions: Dex is a viable remedy for fatigue in aviation sustained operations. However, Dex is not a substitute for proper crew-rest scheduling because there is no replacement for adequate restful sleep. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1125 EP 1134 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 738TA UT WOS:000186302900001 PM 14620468 ER PT J AU Orth, RN Kameoka, J Zipfel, WR Ilic, B Webb, WW Clark, TG Craighead, HG AF Orth, RN Kameoka, J Zipfel, WR Ilic, B Webb, WW Clark, TG Craighead, HG TI Creating biological membranes on the micron scale: Forming patterned lipid bilayers using a polymer lift-off technique SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE PHOTOBLEACHING RECOVERY; LATERAL DIFFUSION; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; SUPPORTS; BARRIERS; MOBILITY; SYSTEM; FIELD AB We present a new method for creating patches of fluid lipid bilayers with conjugated biotin and other compounds down to 1 mum resolution using a photolithographically patterned polymer lift-off technique. The patterns are realized as the polymer is mechanically peeled away in one contiguous piece in solution. The functionality of these surfaces is verified with binding of antibodies and avidin on these uniform micron-scale platforms. The biomaterial patches, measuring 1 mum - 76 mum on edge, provide a synthetic biological substrate for biochemical analysis that is; 1003 smaller in width than commercial printing technologies. 100 nm unilamellar lipid vesicles spread to form a supported fluid lipid bilayer on oxidized silicon surface as confirmed by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery measurements of DiI (1,1'-dioctadecyl- 3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiIC(18)(3))) stained bilayer patches yielded an average diffusion coefficient of 7.54 +/- 1.25 mum(2) s(-1), equal to or slightly faster than typically found in DiI stained cells. This diffusion rate is similar to3 x faster than previous values for bilayers on glass. This method provides a new means to form functionalized fluid lipid bilayers as micron-scale platforms to immobilize biomaterials, capture antibodies and biotinylated reagents from solution, and form antigenic stimuli for cell stimulation. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Orth, RN (reprint author), 1030 S Highway A1A, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RI Webb, Watt/B-5905-2011; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014; Zipfel, Warren/B-4059-2016 OI Zipfel, Warren/0000-0003-2640-329X NR 35 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 23 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 85 IS 5 BP 3066 EP 3073 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 736UA UT WOS:000186190500026 PM 14581207 ER PT J AU Carlson, CL Hartman, R Ly, JQ Beall, DP AF Carlson, CL Hartman, R Ly, JQ Beall, DP TI Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma of the lumbar spine SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE spine; lymphoma; meninges; leptomeningeal neoplasms; MR imaging ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; T-CELL LYMPHOMA; DIAGNOSIS; CHILD; METASTASES; PATIENT; MR AB This report describes primary leptomeningeal lymphoma (PLML) of the spine in a 58-year-old female. LML is rare, especially in the immunocompetent, and it is almost always secondary in origin. To our knowledge, there have been very few cases of PLML of the lumbar spine reported in the literature and even fewer reports using recent MR imaging (MRI) technology to aid with diagnosis. MRI is useful in differentiating CNS lesions and may be helpful in the diagnosis of this extremely rare primary lymphoma. PLML is briefly reviewed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 27 IS 6 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S0899-7071(03)00005-6 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 744KE UT WOS:000186627500005 PM 14585565 ER PT J AU Miller, DA Adams, EE Brown, RL AF Miller, DA Adams, EE Brown, RL TI A microstructural approach to predict dry snow metamorphism in generalized thermal conditions SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2002 CL PENTICTON, CANADA DE snow and ice; temperature gradient; linetic growth; snow crystal growth; snow crystal structure; snow metamorphism ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; MASS-TRANSFER; ICE; GROWTH; COVER C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Miller, DA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr Suite 6H-155, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.07.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 739TX UT WOS:000186363500001 ER PT J AU Miller, DA Adams, EE Schmidt, DS Brown, RL AF Miller, DA Adams, EE Schmidt, DS Brown, RL TI Preliminary experimental evidence of heating at the running surface of avalanching snow SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2002 CL PENTICTON, CANADA DE snow and ice; snow crystal; snow crystal growth; snow crystal structure; snow metamorphism; avalanche debris AB At the Montana State University Avalanche Research Site, instrumentation has been installed to measure temperatures, flow depth, and velocities during an avalanche. Five thermocouples have been installed along a 30-m section of the avalanche running surface. Temperature time histories were collected during several avalanches at the flow running surface. The flowing snow at the running surface did show a temperature increase as it progressed down the slope, but did not frequently approach the melt temperature. Snow samples were collected before the tests in the release zone and after the avalanches in the debris for microstructural comparison. A computed tomography (CT) X-ray scanner was used to obtain images of the microstructural details of the pretest and debris snow samples. Using the microstructural parameters from the CT images, the growth of the new bonds in the debris was analyzed using a vapor diffusion sintering model. New bonds were shown to grow rapidly at the expense of small high-energy structures that resulted from the avalanche. The analysis showed vapor movement and sintering of new bonds due to surface curvature differences may be a significant debris bonding mechanism in snow that does not approach melt temperatures during an avalanche. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Miller, DA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Fac Dr,Suite 6H 155, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00081-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 739TX UT WOS:000186363500017 ER PT J AU Welle, EJ Roberts, WL Carter, CD Donbar, JM AF Welle, EJ Roberts, WL Carter, CD Donbar, JM TI The response of a propane-air counter-flow diffusion flame subjected to a transient flow field SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE unsteady flame; diffusion flame; transient flame; PLIF; PIV; stokes parameter ID JET FLAMES; FLUORESCENCE; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION; BEHAVIOR; METHANE AB OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry have been used to study the frequency response of laminar C3H8-air counterflow diffusion flames to assess the adequacy of the steady-flamelet models. Particle image velocimetry was used to determine the flame strain rate, while OH PLIF was used both to measure temperature at the flame front, using the two-line PLIF technique, and the reaction-zone width. Both measurements demonstrate that the frequency response of flames subjected to a time-varying flow field is diffusion-limited. At the 30-Hz and 50-Hz forcing frequencies, the maximum reaction-zone temperature and width were found to respond quasi-steadily. However, at higher forcing frequencies-i.e., 100 and 200 Hz-transient behavior is evident from the phase relationship between the imposed sinusoidal strain rate and the resulting peak temperature and reaction-zone width. The measured values of the OH-field widths were well fit by an offset sine function. In all cases when the oscillation amplitude is normalized by the cycle mean strain rate and plotted against the non-dimensional flow field frequency, the results collapse onto a single line having a steep negative slope. (C) 2003 The Combustion Institute. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, WL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2003 VL 135 IS 3 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00167-6 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 747GF UT WOS:000186796300007 ER PT J AU Staehler, JM Mall, S Zawada, LP AF Staehler, JM Mall, S Zawada, LP TI Frequency dependence of high-cycle fatigue behavior of CVIC/SiC at room temperature SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramics-matrix composites; fatigue; high-cycle fatigue ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBER-REINFORCED CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Effects of loading frequency on high-cycle fatigue behavior of a chemical vapor infiltrated carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite were investigated. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted at three frequencies, 4, 40 and 375 Hz. Fatigue run out was set to 107 cycles. Applied stress versus cycles to failure (S-N) relationships were developed for these three frequencies. At 4 and 40 Hz, fatigue run out was achieved at a stress level of 375 MPa. At 375 Hz, stress level for run out was 350 MPa. Frequency dependence was observed between the two lower frequencies (4 and 40 Hz) and the higher frequency (375 Hz), but not between two lower frequencies (4 and 40 Hz). This manifested as a reduction in cycles to failure at 375 Hz compared to 4 and 40 Hz at a given stress level. Specimen surface temperature increased due to internal heat generation from sliding friction between constituents of the composite under cyclic loading. This increase was directly related to frequency and/or applied cyclic stress level. There was no clear indication that frequency greatly impacted either the stress-strain response or the overall appearance of fracture surfaces. However, a closer examination of specimens cycled at the highest frequency (375 Hz) showed evidence of the localized oxidation at fiber surfaces that might have attributed to the reduction in fatigue life at this frequency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 63 IS 15 BP 2121 EP 2131 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00190-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 721EP UT WOS:000185304300001 ER PT J AU Ross, TD AF Ross, TD TI Accurate confidence intervals for binomial proportion and Poisson rate estimation SO COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE confidence intervals; significance; binomial; Poisson; proportion; rate; differences; minimal length; exact; Bayesian; classifier evaluation AB Estimates of proportion and rate-based performance measures may involve discrete distributions, small sample sizes, and extreme outcomes. Common methods for uncertainty characterization have limited accuracy in these circumstances. Accurate confidence interval estimators for proportions, rates, and their differences are described and MATLAB programs are made available. The resulting confidence intervals are validated and compared to common methods. The programs search for confidence intervals using an integration of the Bayesian posterior with diffuse priors to measure the confidence level. The confidence interval estimators can find one or two-sided intervals. For two-sided intervals, either minimal-length, balanced-tail probabilities, or balanced-width can be selected. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, COMPASE Ctr, SNAR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, COMPASE Ctr, SNAR, 2241 Avion C1,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-4825 J9 COMPUT BIOL MED JI Comput. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 509 EP 531 DI 10.1016/S0010-4825(03)00019-2 PG 23 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 708WQ UT WOS:000184593400004 PM 12878234 ER PT J AU Zhao, JS Spain, J Hawari, M AF Zhao, JS Spain, J Hawari, M TI Phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)-transforming bacteria in strictly anaerobic mixed cultures enriched on RDX as nitrogen source SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitramine explosive; RDX biotransformation; enrichment culture; phylogeny; Clostridium; Desulfovibrio; denitration; nitroso compound ID 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; ENERGETIC COMPOUNDS; BIODEGRADATION; SOIL; BIOTRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; CLOSTRIDIUM; SLUDGE AB Five obligate anaerobes that were most closely related to Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium celerecreseens, Clostridium saccharolyticum. Clostridium butyricum and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans by their 16S rRNA genes sequences were isolated from enrichment cultures using hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) as a nitrogen source. The above isolates transformed RDX at rates of 24.0, 5.4, 6.2. 2.57 5.5 mumol h(-1) g (dry weight) of cells(-1), respectively, to nitrite, formaldehyde, methanol, and nitrous oxide. The present results indicate that clostridia are major strains responsible for RDX removal, and all isolates seemed to mainly transform RDX via its initial reduction to MNX and subsequent denitration. Since clostridia are commonly present in soil, we suggest that they may contribute to the removal of RDX in the subsurface (anoxic) soil. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hawari, M (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00216-2 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 737UY UT WOS:000186251200007 PM 19719572 ER PT J AU Tangney, JF AF Tangney, JF TI Programs in higher levels of information fusion SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The US Air Force future vision for information fusion is presented in the context of results of a study of long-term challenges in the science and technology of command and control and the programs of the Air Force designed to meet them. A new approach to research is presented that takes advantage of scientific challenge problems that are operationally validated in collaboration with research laboratories in government and industry. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Math & Space Sci, Arlington, VA USA. RP Tangney, JF (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Math & Space Sci, Arlington, VA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 11 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 739GL UT WOS:000186336700005 ER PT J AU Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Via, GD Moser, NA Yannuzzi, MJ Crespo, A Sewell, JS Dettmer, RW Jenkins, TJ Davis, RF Yang, J Khan, MA Binari, SC AF Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Via, GD Moser, NA Yannuzzi, MJ Crespo, A Sewell, JS Dettmer, RW Jenkins, TJ Davis, RF Yang, J Khan, MA Binari, SC TI High performance 0.14 mu m gate-length AlGaN/GaN power HEMTs on SiC SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); power; SiC ID DENSITY; LINEARITY; GHZ AB High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated from AlGaN/GaN on semi-insulating SiC substrates with excellent performance and high yield. The devices had 0.14 mum T-gates with a total width of 300 mum. Extrinsic, unpassivated peak performance values for these HEMTs include transconductance of 338 mS/mm, maximum drain current of 1481 mA/mm, unity current gain cutoff frequency of 91 GHz, and maximum frequency of oscillation of 122 GHz. Saturated CW power measurements of these devices at 10 GHz result in 4.6 W/mm with PAE at 46 % when optimized for power and 3.0 W/mm with PAE at 65 % when optimized for efficiency. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jessen, GH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 11 BP 677 EP 679 DI 10.1109/LED.2003.818816 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 740LA UT WOS:000186402800001 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S Nicholas, T AF Naboulsi, S Nicholas, T TI Limitations of the Coulomb friction assumption in fretting fatigue analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB A significant factor in the fretting process, both experimentally and analytically, is the Coulomb friction. Most analyses of fretting fatigue consider a constant coefficient of friction (CCOF) in modeling a contact geometry. This work reevaluates the constant assumption of the Coulomb friction coefficient, and develops a Coulomb friction model based on a non-classical model allowing the coefficient of friction (COF) to be a function of local contact pressure and local slip magnitude. Here, the Coulomb COF varies locally along the contact surface. Results of computations using this model are applied to fretting fatigue experiments utilizing several specific contact geometries, which have nominally identical fatigue lives experimentally. The analysis shows that certain combinations of parameters in the variable coefficient of friction model can produce nominally identical stress states. Such results cannot be obtained using a CCOF. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, 2950 P St,Bldg 640ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 40 IS 23 BP 6497 EP 6512 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00401-3 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 730GG UT WOS:000185820400015 ER PT J AU Jun, S Tischler, VA Venkayya, VB AF Jun, S Tischler, VA Venkayya, VB TI Multidisciplinary design optimization of a built-up wing structure with tip missile SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FLUTTER; AERODYNAMICS AB The influence of a wing tip missile on the design optimization of a wing structure is studied. Finite element models of a realistic built-up wing structure are used to represent stiffness and mass properties. The store location and the effect of the store aerodynamics and mass are the variables included. A multidisciplinary optimization technique is used to compensate/restore the lost aeroelastic performance due to the presence of the store. Missile locations are the only configuration variables addressed besides the structural variables. The built-up wing box structure is optimized with constraints on the static strength and flutter speed. The thickness and the cross-sectional areas of the structural elements are the primary variables in the optimization. The aerodynamics of the tip missile has a significant effect on the flutter characteristics. In addition, the, flutter behavior of the optimized structure is very sensitive to the tip missile movement along the tip chord. The results indicate that the effect of the tip missile aft movement must be examined in conjunction with the store aerodynamics. ASTROS is the primary tool used. C1 Aircraft & Missile Dev Ctr, Struct Div, Yuseong, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jun, S (reprint author), Aircraft & Missile Dev Ctr, Struct Div, POB 35-3, Yuseong, South Korea. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1098 DI 10.2514/2.7219 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 756EF UT WOS:000187452300006 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Grandhi, RV AF Pettit, CL Grandhi, RV TI Optimization of a wing structure for gust response and aileron effectiveness SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY; DESIGN AB Reliability-based weight optimization of a generic, fighter-like wing structure is conducted for gust response and aileron effectiveness constraints. The formulation accounts for parametric uncertainties in these aeroelastic response quantities. Reliability indices measure the probability of satisfying each constraint, and a preliminary design procedure is developed in which constraints are enforced on these indices. This framework integrates ASTROS for structural and loads analysis, object-oriented MATLAB(R) tools for reliability analysis, and DOT for optimization and most probable point estimation. The reliability analysis algorithm takes advantage of adaptive nonlinear approximations to compensate for nonlinearity of the failure surfaces. The wing structure is modeled with finite elements, each of which is assumed to have random thickness of known standard deviation. Young's modulus of the wing skin material is also assumed to be random. Mean thickness values are taken as design variables. Linear unsteady aerodynamics is used to estimate frequency response functions caused by continuous gust loads. Reliability index constraints are-enforced for gust-induced bending moment and shear at the wing's root, and also for aileron effectiveness. Redistribution of structural mass by the optimizer produces designs with improved aeroelastic performance reliability and relatively small weight penalties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, 2130 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1185 EP 1191 DI 10.2514/2.7208 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 756EF UT WOS:000187452300018 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE AF Gordnier, RE TI Computation of limit-cycle oscillations of a delta wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VORTEX C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1206 EP 1208 DI 10.2514/2.7212 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 756EF UT WOS:000187452300021 ER PT J AU Donati, GP Kaspi, R Malloy, KJ AF Donati, GP Kaspi, R Malloy, KJ TI Interpolating semiconductor alloy parameters: Application to quaternary III-V band gaps SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; LATTICE-CONSTANT; GAINASSB; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We present a rationalized biquadratic interpolation algorithm for calculating quaternary semiconductor parameters and apply it to determine the band gaps of AlGaInAs, AlGaInP, AlInAsSb, GaInPAs, and GaInAsSb over complete compositional ranges. Extension to include bicubic corrections and quinary alloys are discussed. The band gaps of lattice-matched AlGaInAsSb and AlGaInPAs are reported. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Syst Branch,DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Donati, GP (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard St, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Malloy, Kevin/E-5994-2010 NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5814 EP 5819 DI 10.1063/1.1613371 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600055 ER PT J AU Carter, CA Donahue, T Sun, L Wu, HG McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Foley, J Sexton, W Kusuda, L Chung, A Soderdahl, D Jackman, S Moul, JW AF Carter, CA Donahue, T Sun, L Wu, HG McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Foley, J Sexton, W Kusuda, L Chung, A Soderdahl, D Jackman, S Moul, JW TI Temporarily deferred therapy (watchful waiting) for men younger than 70 years and with low-risk localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT; CARCINOMA; DATABASE; SURVIVAL; DISEASE; TRENDS; TIME; PROGRESSION; GRADE AB (Purpose) under bar: Watchful waiting (WW) is an acceptable strategy for managing prostate cancer (PC) in older men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has resulted in a stage migration, with diagnoses made in younger men. An analysis of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research Database was undertaken to document younger men with low- or intermediate-grade PC who initially chose WW. (Patients and Methods) under bar: We identified men choosing WW who were diagnosed between January 1991 and January 2002, were 70 years or younger, had a Gleason score :5 6 with no Gleason pattern 4, had no more than three positive cores on biopsy, and whose clinical stage was less than or equal toT2 and PSA level was less than or equal to20. We analyzed their likelihood of remaining on WW, the factors associated with secondary treatment, and the influence of comorbidities. (Results) under bar: Three hundred thirteen men were identified. Median follow-up time was 3.8 years. Median age was 65.4 years (range, 41 to 70 years). Ninety-eight patients remained on WW; 215 proceeded to treatment. A total of 57.3% and 73.2% chose treatment within the first 2 and 4 years, respectively. Median PSA doubling time (DT) was 2.5 years for those who underwent therapy, those remaining on WW had a median DT of 25.8 years. The type of secondary treatment was associated with the number of patient's comorbidities (P = .012). (Conclusion) under bar: Younger patients who choose WW seemed more likely to receive secondary treatment than older patients. PSA DTs often predict the use of secondary treatment. The number of comorbidities a patient has influences the type of secondary therapy chosen. The WW strategy may better be termed temporarily deferred therapy. (C) 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Malcolm Grow AF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. San Diego Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, Hants, England. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM fdonahue@bethesda.med.navy.mil; fmoul@cpdr.org NR 22 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 21 BP 4001 EP 4008 DI 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.092 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 738NV UT WOS:000186295500018 PM 14581423 ER PT J AU Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW AF Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW TI Vertical gradient freezing of doped gallium-antimonide semiconductor crystals using submerged heater growth and electromagnetic stirring SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE fluid flows; magnetic fields; mass transfer; segregation; gradient freeze technique; growth from melt; antimonides; semiconducting III-V materials AB An investigation of the melt growth of uniformly doped gallium-antimonide (GaSb) semiconductor crystals as well as other III-V alloy crystals with uniform composition are underway at the US Air Force Research Laboratory at Hanscom Air Force Base by the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) method utilizing a submerged heater. Stirring can be induced in the GaSb melt just above the crystal growth interface by applying a small radial electric current in the liquid together with an axial magnetic field. The transport of any dopant and/or alloy component by the stirring can promote better melt homogeneity and allow for more rapid growth rates before the onset of constitutional supercooling. This paper presents a numerical model for the unsteady transport of a dopant during the VGF process by submerged heater growth with a steady axial magnetic field and a steady radial electric current. As the strength of the electromagnetic (EM) stirring increases, the convective dopant transport increases, the dopant transport in the melt reaches a steady state at an earlier time during growth, and the top of the crystal which has solidified after a steady state has been achieved exhibits axial dopant homogeneity. For crystal growth with stronger EM stirring, the crystal exhibits less radial segregation and the axially homogeneous section of the crystal is longer. Dopant distributions in the crystal and in the melt at several different stages during growth are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ma, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 2003 VL 259 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(03)01575-6 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 735PL UT WOS:000186123700005 ER PT J AU Burton, AC Carson, KS Chilton, SM Hutchinson, WG AF Burton, AC Carson, KS Chilton, SM Hutchinson, WG TI An experimental investigation of explanations for inconsistencies in responses to second offers in double referenda SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE experimental economics; contingent valuation; double referenda; induced preferences ID DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; CONTINGENT VALUATION; EFFICIENCY; BIAS AB This paper demonstrates the potential for induced preference experiments to test previously unverified explanations of observed behavior in contingent valuation surveys. The NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation called for experimental evidence on potential biases in the double referendum format. We test Carson, Groves, and Machina's (Incentives and informational properties of preference questions, Plenary address to the European Association of Resource and Environmental Economists, Oslo, Norway, June 1999) simple cost uncertainty and weighted averaging explanations of inconsistent responses to follow-up offers in such double referenda against a baseline of certainty and truthful preference revelation. The results find evidence to support the Weighted Average hypothesis. Results regarding the cost uncertainty hypothesis are more ambiguous and merit further investigation. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, HQ USAFA, DFEG, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Dept Hlth, Econ & Operat Res Div, Leeds LS2 7UE, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Business Sch Econ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Agr & Food Econ, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Carson, KS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, HQ USAFA, DFEG, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 6K110, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Silz Carson, Katherine/0000-0002-2446-1368; Hutchinson, W George/0000-0003-0028-7868 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 46 IS 3 BP 472 EP 489 DI 10.1016/S0095-0696(03)00022-6 PG 18 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739MD UT WOS:000186349700006 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Albrecht, SL Colon-Guasp, W Covell, SA Baker, JT Pan, DY Boote, KJ AF Allen, LH Albrecht, SL Colon-Guasp, W Covell, SA Baker, JT Pan, DY Boote, KJ TI Methane emissions of rice increased by elevated carbon dioxide and temperature SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CH4 EMISSION; METHYL-FLUORIDE; CO2 ENRICHMENT; PADDY FIELDS; SOIL-WATER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CULTIVATION; GROWTH AB Methane (CH4) effluxes by paddy-culture rice (Oryza sativa L.) contribute about 16% of the total anthropogenic emissions. Since radiative forcing of CH4 at current atmospheric concentrations is 21 times greater on a per mole basis than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), it is imperative that the impact of global change on rice CH4 emissions be evaluated. Rice (cv. IR72) was planted in sunlit, closed-circulation, controlled-environment chambers in which CH4 efflux densities were measured daily. The CO2 concentration was maintained at either 330 or 660 mumol mol(-1). Air temperatures were controlled to daily maxima and minima of 32123, 35/26, and 38/29degreesC at each CO2 treatment. Emissions of CH4 each day were determined during a 4-h period after venting and resealing the chambers at 0800 h. Diurnal CH4 effluxes on 77, 98, and 119 d after planting (DAP) were obtained similarly at 4-h intervals. Emissions over four-plant hills and over flooded bare soil were measured at 53,63, and 100 DAP. Emissions were negligible before 40 DAP. Thereafter, emissions were observed first in high-CO2, high-temperature treatments and reached a sustained maximum efflux density of about 7 mg m(-2) h(-1) (0.17 g m(-2) d(-1)) near the end of the growing season. Total seasonal CH4 emission was fourfold greater for high-CO2, high-temperature treatments than for the low-CO2, low-temperature treatment, probably due to more root sloughing or exudates, since about sixfold more acetate was found in the soil at 71 DAP. Both rising CO2 and increasing temperatures could lead to a positive feedback on global warming by increasing the emissions of CH4 from rice. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Univ Este, Sch Sci & Technol, Carolina, PR 00984 USA. Air Nat Guard Readiness Ctr, Environm Planning Branch, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lhajr@mail.ifas.ufl.edu OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 69 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1978 EP 1991 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743MC UT WOS:000186574700004 PM 14674519 ER PT J AU Haugan, T Barnes, PN Maartense, I Cobb, CB Lee, EJ Sumption, M AF Haugan, T Barnes, PN Maartense, I Cobb, CB Lee, EJ Sumption, M TI Island growth of Y2BaCuO5 nanoparticles in (211(similar to 1.5 nm)/123(similar to 10) (nm))xN composite multilayer structures to enhance flux pinning of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MELT-PROCESSED YBA2CU3OX; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THICK-FILMS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; CONTACTS; TAPES AB A controlled introduction of second-phase Y2BaCuO5 (211) nanoparticles into YBa2Cu3O7-delta (123) thin films was achieved for the first time for the purpose of increasing flux pinning. The island-growth mode of 211 on 123 was utilized to obtain an area particle density >10(11) cm(-2) of 211 thick-disk-shaped nanoparticles in individual layers. Composite layered structures of (211(y) nanoparticles/123(z))xN were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO3 substrates, with N bilayers = 24 to 100, y thickness = I to 2 nm, and z thickness = 6 to 15 nm (assuming continuous layer coverage). With 211 addition, the critical current densities at 77 K were higher at magnetic fields as low as 0.1 T and increased as much as approximately 300% at 1.5 T. The superconducting transition temperature was reduced by approximately 2 to 4 K for 211 volume fraction <20%. Reinitiation of 123 growth after every 211 layer resulted in a smooth and flat surface finish on the films and also greatly reduced surface particulate formation especially in thicker films (similar to1 mum). C1 Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Haugan, T (reprint author), Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2618 EP 2623 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0366 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 739ZX UT WOS:000186377300015 ER PT J AU Brown, CVR Virgilio, GR Vazquez, WD AF Brown, CVR Virgilio, GR Vazquez, WD TI Wandering spleen and its complications in children: A case series and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE spleen; splenic diseases; lien; splenic; wander; wandering; aberrant; floating; displaced; prolapse; drift; dislocate; dystopic; mobilis; ptotic; splenoptosis; mobile; torsion ID PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME; SPLENIC TORSION; LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENOPEXY; PELVIC SPLEEN; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDHOOD AB Wandering spleen is an uncommon clinical entity, which rarely affects children and adolescents. It is usually described in adults, especially women of childbearing age. Discussion in the literature has been limited to case reports and small case series. Here the authors present 2 children and 1 adolescent that presented to the authors institution over a 9-month period with complications from a wandering spleen. All 3 patients had very different clinical presentations, and this variety is a constant theme throughout the literature. We also identified an additional 127 cases of wandering spleen in patients younger than 21 years. In this report we discuss the clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluation, treatment options, and clinical outcomes as they relate to wandering spleen. C1 USAF, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg,Div Pediat Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Vazquez, WD (reprint author), USAF, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg,Div Pediat Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1676 EP 1679 DI 10.1016/S0022-3468(03)00582-7 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 743GZ UT WOS:000186565200025 PM 14614725 ER PT J AU Edwards, T AF Edwards, T TI Liquid fuels and propellants for aerospace propulsion: 1903-2003 SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Review ID FUTURE JET FUELS; HYDROCARBON FUELS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; AVIATION FUELS; FILAMENTOUS CARBON; ELEVATED PRESSURES; DEPOSIT FORMATION; THERMAL CRACKING; HEAT-TRANSFER; ROCKET FUELS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Edwards, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 182 TC 211 Z9 235 U1 7 U2 71 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1107 DI 10.2514/2.6946 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 746TB UT WOS:000186762800006 ER PT J AU Casey, J Dunn, WJ Wright, E AF Casey, J Dunn, WJ Wright, E TI In vitro wear of various orthotic device materials SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2-BODY WEAR; DENTAL COMPOSITES; DIFFERENT LOADS; INVITRO; INVIVO; RESINS; RATES AB Statement of problem. Orthotic devices are advocated to decrease occlusal attrition caused by bruxism but tend to wear with time. Purpose. This study investigated the wear rate of various materials used to fabricate orthotic devices. Material and methods. Five experimental groups (n = 8) were studied: Splint Biocryl autopolymerized (SBA), Splint Biocryl autopolymerized plus additional heat and pressure (SBHP), Forestacryl autopolymerized (FA), Forestacryl autopolymerized plus additional heat and pressure (FHP), and Quick Splint 15-minute (QS), light-polymerized composite. Specimens were mounted to the base of a universal testing machine. A wear device using steatite balls and a load of 9.1 kg was positioned against the specimens, submerged in a 37degreesC water bath and subjected to 2500 reciprocal cycles. Wear, in micrometers, was calculated as the maximum peak to valley measurement (R-y) using profilometry. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (alpha =. 0 5). Results. Mean acrylic wear in micrometers was as follows: FA 6.8 +/- 3.0; FHP 7.1 +/- 1.8; SBA 20.4 +/- 5.6; SBHP 23.7 +/- 7.8; and QS 23.8 +/- 6.9. One-way ANOVA detected significant differences between groups (P < .001); the Tukey honestly significant difference test determined that FA and FHP specimens were significantly more resistant to wear than all other specimens (P = .007). Conclusion. Differences in in vitro wear resistance among various orthotic device materials exist. The in vitro wear resistance among other autopolymerizing materials appears to be related to proprietary differences. C1 USAF Acad, AEGD 1, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Orofacial Pain Clin, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS MRDGB, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 90 IS 5 BP 498 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00545-6 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 741TR UT WOS:000186476900012 PM 14586313 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Bailey, WE AF Josyula, E Bailey, WE TI Governing equations for weakly ionized plasma flowfields of aerospace vehicles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BLUNT-BODY FLOW; HYPERSONIC FLOWS; SHOCK WAVES; NONEQUILIBRIUM; AIR; IONIZATION; MODEL AB A generalized set of conservative equations for simulating the flowfield in a hypersonic weakly ionized gas flows is presented. Additional numerical and physical complexities associated with the plasma state are identified and discussed, including the influence of external and space charge fields and the nonequilibrium coupling of reactive and nonreactive collisions. A restricted set of equations is then employed to simulate and analyze the flowfield of an air plasma generated by associative ionization. With use of a seven-species air model, details of the plasma flowfields are presented and compared with available experiments. Refined estimates of dissociation products, which are the precursors to the ionization reaction, are obtained. Specific attention is given to limiting forms of the electron diffusion coefficient and the influence of vibration-dissociation coupling. Details of the chemical reactions in the flowfield influencing the elastic and inelastic collisional energy transfer are reported to highlight the more important species and reaction mechanisms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, AFIT,ENT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VAAC, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 40 IS 6 BP 845 EP 857 DI 10.2514/2.7036 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 754BF UT WOS:000187282300001 ER PT J AU Shkarayev, S Mall, S AF Shkarayev, S Mall, S TI Computational modelling of shot-peening effects on crack propagation under fretting fatigue SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE computational modelling; shot-peening; crack propagation; fretting fatigue AB Recent experimental studies have demonstrated fretting fatigue life enhancement of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V specimens after treatment by shot-peening. Because of complexities in tracking crack growth under fretting conditions experimentally, the present work describes computational modelling for crack propagation behaviour in specimens with and without shot-peening. A crack growth model is combined with a finite element submodelling technique to assess the crack trajectory and crack propagation life in the specimens under fretting fatigue. A parametric numerical analysis has been performed to investigate crack trajectories and stress intensity factors along the crack path under different loading conditions. Obtained results revealed the features of the crack growth trajectory and stress intensity factors in the presence of residual stresses from shot-peening. These results also demonstrated a significant (2-3 times) increase in the crack propagation life of shot-peened specimens relative to virgin specimens (i.e. without shot-peening), which is in agreement with experimental observations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, AFIT, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1243/030932403770735863 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 750QN UT WOS:000187008500001 ER PT J AU Darwin, CJ Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Darwin, CJ Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI Effects of fundamental frequency and vocal-tract length changes on attention to one of two simultaneous talkers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONCURRENT VOWELS; SPEECH; PERCEPTION; WAVE AB Three experiments, used the Coordinated Response Measure task to examine the roles that differences in F0 and differences in vocal-tract length have on the ability to attend to one of two simultaneous speech signals. The first experiment asked how increases in the natural F0 difference between two sentences (originally spoken by the same talker) affected listeners' ability to attend to one of the sentences. The second experiment used differences in vocal-tract length, and the third used both F0 and vocal-tract length differences. Differences in F0 greater than 2 semitones produced systematic improvements in performance. Differences in vocal-tract length produced systematic improvements in performance when the ratio of lengths was 1.08 or greater, particularly when the shorter vocal tract belonged to the target talker. Neither of these manipulations produced improvements in performance as great as those produced by a different-sex talker. Systematic changes in both F0 and vocal-tract length that simulated an incremental shift in gender produced substantially larger improvements in performance than did differences in F0 or vocal-tract length alone. In general, shifting one of two utterances spoken by a female voice towards a male voice produces a greater improvement in performance than shifting male towards female. The increase in performance varied with the intonation patterns of individual talkers, being smallest for those talkers who showed most variability in-their intonation patterns between different utterances. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veridian, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. EM cjd@biols.susx.ac.uk NR 21 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2913 EP 2922 DI 10.1121/1.1616924 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 741YZ UT WOS:000186489100036 PM 14650025 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Glanton, CW Trespalacios, FC Oliver, DK Ortiz, MI Agodoa, LY Cruess, D Kimmel, PL AF Abbott, KC Glanton, CW Trespalacios, FC Oliver, DK Ortiz, MI Agodoa, LY Cruess, D Kimmel, PL TI Body mass index, dialysis modality and survival: Analysis of the United States Renal Data System Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Wave SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 255A EP 255A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219101186 ER PT J AU Vitek, L Novotny, L Muchova, L Tesar, V Schwentner, H AF Vitek, L Novotny, L Muchova, L Tesar, V Schwentner, H TI Decreased levels of serum bilirubin as a brisk factor in lupus nephropathy. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 Charles Univ, Sch Med 1, Dept Med 4, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Sch Med 1, Inst Clin Biochem, CR-11636 Prague, Czech Republic. Euromise Ctr, Prague, Czech Republic. Ist Hyg & Epidemiol, Prague, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Sch Med 1, Dept Med 1, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008; Tesar, Vladimir/A-4485-2008 OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151; NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 381A EP 382A PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219101775 ER PT J AU York, GB Eggers, JS Smith, DL Jenkins, DH McNeil, JD Mueller, D Josephs, JD Kerby, JD AF York, GB Eggers, JS Smith, DL Jenkins, DH McNeil, JD Mueller, D Josephs, JD Kerby, JD TI Low-volume resuscitation with a polymerized bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOC-201) provides adequate tissue oxygenation for survival in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE hemorrhage; resuscitation; hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying (HBOC) solution; blood substitute; porcine ID GASTRIC-MUCOSAL PH; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; SHOCK; LIVER; CARRIER; TRIAL; HEMODILUTION; REPLACEMENT; SURGERY; TRAUMA AB (B)ackground. We have shown in a previous work that HBOC-201 is able to reverse anaerobic metabolism at low volumes in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage. On the basis of these results, we hypothesize that low-volume resuscitation with HBOC-201 in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage provides adequate tissue oxygenation to limit end-organ damage and allow for survival of the animal. Methods:. Twenty-four Yorkshire swine (55-65 kg) were rapidly hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30 mm Hg, maintained hypotensive for 45 minutes, and then divided into four groups. The first group, Shed Blood (BL), was resuscitated with shed blood to baseline MAP. A second group, Shed Blood (60), underwent resuscitation for four hours at an MAP of 60 mm Hg with shed blood. The third group, LR + Blood, was resuscitated with lactated Ringer's (maximum, 40 mL/kg) followed by shed blood to baseline MAP. The final group, HBOC (60), underwent resuscitation for 4 hours at an MAP of 60 mm Hg with HBOC-201. Hemo-dynamic variables, urine output, blood gas analyses, lactate levels, and jejunal oximetry were followed throughout the experiment Animals were allowed to survive and underwent necropsy on postinjury day 3. Histologic comparisons were made. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance/Duncan's multiple range test. Results. All animals survived the hemorrhage/resuscitation. One animal in the LR + Blood group died on postinjury day 1. Heart rate, MAP, and arterial pH were similar between groups. Cardiac output was significantly lower throughout resuscitation in the HBOC (60) group. Jejunal oximetry was similar throughout the experiment in all groups, revealing a decline in P-O2 during hemorrhage and return to baseline or near baseline during resuscitation. There was no evidence of renal dysfunction. Histologically, one animal in the LR + Blood group and four of six animals in the HBOC (60) group demonstrated mild hepatocellular damage. All other tissues examined were found to have no significant abnormalities. Elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were noted when comparing the HBOC (60) group to the Shed Blood (BL) and Shed Blood (60) groups on day 2. Significant decreases in hemoglobin levels were noted in the HBOC (60) group compared with all other groups beginning on day 2. Conclusion. Low-volume resuscitation with HBOC-201 provides adequate tissue oxygenation for survival in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhagic shock with no long-term organ dysfunction identified. Although some animals did show mild hepatocellular damage with elevations of aspartate aminotransferase at day 2, these findings did not appear to have clinical relevance, and the enzyme elevations were trending toward normal by the third postoperative day. Decreases in hemoglobin levels at the later time points were expected, given the half-life of the product. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MC, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP York, GB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MC, Dept Gen Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,859th MSGS MCSG, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Kerby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7368-1124 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2003 VL 55 IS 5 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000092681.17874.6F PG 13 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 744EG UT WOS:000186614500014 PM 14608160 ER PT J AU Chiou, AC AF Chiou, AC TI Regarding "Graft patency is not the only clinical predictor of success after exclusion and bypass of popliteal artery aneurysms" - Reply SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chiou, AC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1142 EP 1142 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2003.07.004 PG 1 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 740VU UT WOS:000186423300053 ER PT J AU Nielsen, PD Noor, AK Venneri, SL AF Nielsen, PD Noor, AK Venneri, SL TI The next century of air power SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Environm, Norfolk, VA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Nielsen, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 11 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 738UV UT WOS:000186307000031 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZQ Pellettiere, JA AF Cheng, ZQ Pellettiere, JA TI Correlation analysis of automobile crash responses based on wavelet decompositions SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Wavelets are used to analyse automobile crash responses. Crash signals are decomposed into a wavelet or wavelet packet basis, which provide an intuitive vision of impact behaviour of the vehicle structure and occupants. The decomposed signals are further divided into segments that represent vibrations occurring in certain time spans. A correlation analysis is then performed on the decomposed and segmented signals in order to determine the dynamic relationship between different parts of the structure or different segments of the body. The structural responses and the occupant responses in a full frontal impact test are analysed. It is shown that when the gross motions of the structural components are superimposed with significant short time vibrations, the occupant forward motion is basically a rigid body motion. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Veridian Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Veridian Engn, 5200 Springfield Pike Suite 200, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1257 DI 10.1006/mssp.2002.1511 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 713HT UT WOS:000184852000006 ER PT J AU Englert, DR Hunter, CL Sweeney, BJ AF Englert, DR Hunter, CL Sweeney, BJ TI Mental health evaluations of US Air Force basic military training and technical training students SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A 2000 report by Staal, Cigrang, and Fiedler and a 1998 report by Cigrang, Carbone, Todd, and Fiedler described the attrition of U. S. Air Force basic military trainees due to mental health disorders for the year 1997. This article looks at the population of Air Force basic military trainees and technical training school students located at the same base during the year 2001. In addition, we look at the effect of allowing basic trainees and those in technical school to refer themselves for mental health evaluations as opposed to only evaluating those referred by secondary sources. Primary results of the data analysis suggest that mental health-related separation rates for calendar year 2001 basic military trainees are consistent with past years at 4.2%. For both basic trainees and technical school training students, adjustment disorders and depressive disorders are the top diagnostic categories related to recommendation for separation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Behav Anal Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Englert, DR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Behav Anal Serv, 59 MDOS-MMCPB, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 168 IS 11 BP 904 EP 910 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 755KU UT WOS:000187402700012 PM 14680046 ER PT J AU Maldoni, MM Egan, MP Smith, RG Robinson, G Wright, CM AF Maldoni, MM Egan, MP Smith, RG Robinson, G Wright, CM TI Crystalline water ice in OH32.8-0.3 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; stars : AGB and post-AGB; circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; infrared : stars ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST SHELLS; GIANT BRANCH STARS; MU-M SPECTROSCOPY; H2O ICE; OH/IR STARS; IRAS 09371+1212; SILICATE DUST; MASS-LOSS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS AB The 2.2-200 mum spectrum of OH32.8-0.3 has been modelled. Mie theory and radiative transfer models of the 3-mum band of H2O ice are consistent with a strongly crystalline structural phase. This is also confirmed by the presence of a 44/62-mum band complex analogous to that of laboratory crystalline H2O ice analogues. The highly ordered phase may be the result of direct crystallization upon deposition as has been theorized by Kouchi et al. At the large total optical depths typical of the radiative transfer models for this object (tau(9.7)similar to 40), we find no significant difference between the Mie theory and radiative transfer models of the 3-mum band. On the other hand, large differences are found for the 9.7-mum silicate band. In contrast to Mie theory extinction profiles, those computed via radiative transfer modelling indicate that the 12-mum H2O ice band (the so-called librational band) is substantially attenuated. This, in addition to the inherent broadness and weakness of the 12-mum ice band, may explain why this band has not been clearly identified in observational spectra of oxygen-rich evolved objects. C1 Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Phys, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, MDA AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Maldoni, MM (reprint author), Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Phys, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. NR 72 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 345 IS 3 BP 912 EP 922 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.07013.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736JX UT WOS:000186168600023 ER PT J AU Bouffard, JP Mena, H Ripple, M Troncoso, J AF Bouffard, JP Mena, H Ripple, M Troncoso, J TI Mesencephalic cryptococcal abscesses presenting with parkinsonism as an initial manifestation of AIDS SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; parkinsonism; opportunistic Cryptococcus infection; CNS ID MOVEMENT-DISORDERS; INFECTION; PATIENT AB Parkinsonism has been associated with HIV/AIDS and cerebral cryptococcal disease, but to date there has been no report of histological cryptococcal lesions in the substantia nigra (SN) in a patient with parkinsonism. We report on a case of a 63-year-old man who presented with tremor, gait disturbance, and mask-like facies, and showed cryptococcal meningoencephalitis with cryptococcal abscesses in the SN at autopsy, without Lewy bodies or significant degeneration of the SN neurons. Parkinsonism also represented the first manifestation of AIDS in this previously undiagnosed patient. This case highlights the importance of considering infectious etiologies in patients presenting with parkinsonism, and underscores the need for autopsy in evaluation of patients with new or unexplained movement disorders. Movement disorders in association with AIDS and mesencephalic mass lesions are discussed. (C) 2003 Movement Disorder Society. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol, USAF, MC, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Off State Med Examiner, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bouffard, JP (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol, USAF, MC, 6825 16th St NW,Bldg 54, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1354 EP 1357 DI 10.1002/mds.10546 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 746FY UT WOS:000186737400022 PM 14639681 ER PT J AU Hoshi, Y Tsou, BH Billock, VA Tanosaki, M Iguchi, Y Shimada, M Shinba, T Yamada, Y Oda, I AF Hoshi, Y Tsou, BH Billock, VA Tanosaki, M Iguchi, Y Shimada, M Shinba, T Yamada, Y Oda, I TI Spatiotemporal characteristics of hemodynamic changes in the human lateral prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; RANDOM NUMBER GENERATION; FUNCTIONAL MRI; ACTIVATION; MODEL AB The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is widely believed to subserve mental manipulation and monitoring processes ascribed to the central executive (CE) of working memory (WM). We attempted to examine and localize the CE by functional imaging of the frontal cortex during tasks designed to require the CE. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we studied the spatiotemporal dynamics of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb), an indicator of changes in regional cerebral blood flow, in both sides of lateral PFC during WM intensive tasks. In most participants, increases in oxy-Hb were localized within one subdivison during performance of the n-back task, whereas oxy-Hb increased more diffusely during the random number generation (RNG) task. Activation of the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) was prominent in the n-back task; both sustained and transient dynamics were observed. Transient dynamics means that oxy-Hb first increases but then decreases to less than 50% of the peak value or below the baseline level before the end of the task. For the RNG task sustained activity was also observed in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), especially in the right hemisphere. However, details of patterns of activation varied across participants: subdivisions commonly activated during performance of the two tasks were the bilateral VLPFCs, either side of the VLPFC, and either side of the DLPFC in 4, 2, and 4 of the 12 participants, respectively. The remaining 2 of the 12 participants had no regions commonly activated by these tasks. These results suggest that although the PFC is implicated in the CE, there is no stereotyped anatomical PFC substrate for the CE. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Psychiat Res Inst Tokyo, Dept Integrat Neurosci, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1568585, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veredian Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Res Inst Elect Sci, Biophys Lab, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600812, Japan. Shimadzu Co, Technol Res Lab, Hadano 2591304, Japan. RP Hoshi, Y (reprint author), Psychiat Res Inst Tokyo, Dept Integrat Neurosci, Setagaya Ku, Kamikitazawa 2-1-8, Tokyo 1568585, Japan. NR 33 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 1493 EP 1504 DI 10.1016/S-1053-8119(03)00412-9 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 746AK UT WOS:000186723800006 PM 14642462 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tham, CL AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tham, CL TI Investigation of thermal response caused by pulse laser heating SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-FILMS; LA CHALEUR; ABLATION; DEFORMATION; LEQUATION; THRESHOLD; DAMAGE AB This article identifies models that are suitable for describing thermal transport in metal materials heated by a short-pulse laser. Three two-temperature models (dual-hyperbolic, hyperbolic, and parabolic), two one-temperature models (thermal wave and Fourier conduction), and one ultrafast thermomechanical model are investigated. A finite-difference method is used for solving the heat conduction equations, and a combined finite-difference/finite-element method is developed for solving the coupled thermomechanical equations. The numerical results, performed for gold films, suggest that for pure metals the hyperbolic two-temperature model be used for short-pulse (<1-ns) laser heating, while Fourier's law be used for long-pulse (>1-ns) laser heating. For alloys, the dual-hyperbolic two-temperature model is suggested for short-pulse (<10-ns) laser heating. Due to the high strain rate caused by nanosecond- and shorter-pulse lasers, a coupled thermomechanical model should be considered for more accurately predicting the lattice temperature field. C1 USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab,DELE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab,DELE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 35 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7782 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 7 BP 705 EP 722 DI 10.1080/10407780390229710 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 738QR UT WOS:000186299800003 ER PT J AU Aungst, M Wagner, M AF Aungst, M Wagner, M TI Foley balloon to tamponade bleeding in the retropubic space SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID VAGINAL TAPE PROCEDURE AB BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage from the retropubic space is a well-described complication of die tension-free vaginal tape procedure that can be difficult to control with conservative measures. CASE: A 40-year-old female patient underwent tension-free vaginal tape procedure to treat stress incontinence. The procedure was complicated by persistent intraoperative bleeding from the retropubic space. The hemorrhage was refractory to digital tamponade but was successfully controlled by tamponade with a Foley catheter. The catheter was inserted with use of the urology guide wire from the vagina along the path of the tunneler into the retropubic space and inflated, successfully controlling the hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Persistent bleeding during tension-free vaginal tape procedure from the retropubic space can be controlled with a Foley catheter placed from die vagina into the space of Retzius. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Kaiser Vallejo Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Vallejo, CA USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Travis Air Force Base, CA USA. RP Aungst, M (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, 60 MSGS-SGGG,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00712-9 PN 1 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 738NH UT WOS:000186294400027 PM 14672483 ER PT J AU Amato, MM Blaydon, SM Scribbick, FW Belden, CJ Shore, JW Neuhaus, RW Kelley, PS Holck, DEE AF Amato, MM Blaydon, SM Scribbick, FW Belden, CJ Shore, JW Neuhaus, RW Kelley, PS Holck, DEE TI Use of bioglass for orbital volume augmentation in enophthalmos: A rabbit model (Oryctolagus cuniculus) SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID POROUS POLYETHYLENE IMPLANTS; BONE-CEMENT; DEFECTS; HYDROXYLAPATITE; RECONSTRUCTION; FLOOR AB Purpose: To investigate the clinical and histologic response of Novabone-C/M as an osteoproductive alloplastic implant for volume augmentation in the orbit in the treatment of enophthalmos and to compare its outcome alone versus its use in combination with autogenous bone or Medpor granules. Methods: Novabone-C/M, a bioactive silicone glass material, was implanted in the subperiosteal space of the left orbit of 12 New Zealand White rabbits. The animals were divided into 3 groups, each with 4 animals, based on the material implanted in the orbit: group 1, Novabone alone; group 2, Novabone plus Medpor granules; and group 3, Novabone plus autogenous bone fragments. All rabbits were studied clinically, radiographically, and histologically at 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals. Animals underwent preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) with 3-dimensional reconstruction, proptosis measurements, and volumetric analysis. Orbit specimens were studied histologically with mineralized bone stain (MIBS) to look for bone formation, reactivity, infection, implant resorption, and migration. Results: There were no signs of significant inflammation or infection. Subcutaneous migration of the implant was seen radiographically but not clinically in groups 1 and 3. Induced proptosis averaged 2.5 mm (at 1 month) and showed regression in all groups over a 6-month period but was not statistically significant. Implant volume was markedly reduced in all groups, averaging 69% in group 1, 37% in group 2, and 59% in group 3 at 6 months. New bone formation and bone remodeling was present in all 3 groups at 3 months and only in group 2 at 6 months. The rate and amount of implant remodeling and bone formation was greatest in the Novabone/ Medpor group (group 2). Conclusions: Bioglass particulate is biocompatible, easy to use in the orbit, and stimulates bone growth. Bioglass is associated with volume loss and migration over 6 months and may not provide adequate volume augmentation in the orbit when used alone for the treatment of enophthalmos. The duration and amount of bone formation may be enhanced when Novabone is used in conjunction with Medpor. C1 Texas Oculoplast Consultants, Austin, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USA, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Sch Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Amato, MM (reprint author), Chesapeake Eye Care & Laser Ctr, 2002 Med Pkwy,Suite 320, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1097/01.IOP.0000092795.83665.FD PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 748RY UT WOS:000186875900007 PM 14625492 ER PT J AU Singh, NB Suhre, DR Green, KA Fernelius, NC Hopkins, FK AF Singh, NB Suhre, DR Green, KA Fernelius, NC Hopkins, FK TI Noncollinear optical parametric oscillator design for walk-off reduction in GaSe crystals SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical parametric oscillator; GaSe; laser; walk-off ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; GALLIUM SELENIDE; MU-M; CONVERSION; LASER AB We grow and fabricate GaSe crystals for nonlinear optical applications. One possible application for this material is an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which could be pumped with a Nd:YAG laser, but due to the large walk-off, is generally impractical. We present a noncollinear OPO design that significantly reduces the effect of walk-off, which could make an OPO possible with GaSe. The pump, signal, and idler propagation directions are arranged to form nearly collinear rays of power flow. The design minimizes the overlap angle between the rays, and as much as an order of magnitude improvement is obtained compared to the walk-off angle of a collinear OPO. With a 1.06-mum pump, an overlap angle as small as 0.35 deg can be achieved, which is half that of a conventional OPO using ZnGeP2 (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 No Grumman Corp, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, NB (reprint author), No Grumman Corp, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 42 IS 11 BP 3270 EP 3273 DI 10.1117/1.1614266 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 745ZN UT WOS:000186721600030 ER PT J AU Hartley, CS AF Hartley, CS TI A method for linking thermally activated dislocation mechanisms of yielding with continuum plasticity theory SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; DYNAMICS; GLIDE AB This work combines classical continuum mechanics, the continuously dislocated continuum theory as developed by Kroner and Bilby with discrete dislocation theory to develop quantities that permit models involving interactions between individual dislocations to be incorporated into a description of multiaxial yielding of a material. Two quantities distinguish this approach from earlier efforts: firstly, a dislocation mobility tensor relating the velocity of a dislocation configuration to the net Peach-Koehler force on the configuration and, secondly, a vector quantity representing the dislocation content of the materials. The theory of thermally activated motion of dislocations past obstacles is employed to relate the dislocation velocity to stress by a stress-dependent mobility tensor whose components are determined by the nature of the interaction of the moving dislocation with the obstacle. An example is presented in which the obstacle is a forest dislocation that affects a gliding dislocation through mutual interaction of their stress fields. The development leads to a quantity that can be used as a plastic potential for the construction of an associated flow law. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Aerosp & Mat Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hartley, CS (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Aerosp & Mat Sci, 4015 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3783 EP 3808 DI 10.1080/14786430310001599522 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900020 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Han, SH Cha, SH Park, SY Farmer, BL AF Lee, JC Han, SH Cha, SH Park, SY Farmer, BL TI Synthesis and dipole-dipole interaction-induced mesomorphic behavior of poly(oxyethylene)s containing (n-octylsulfonyl)alkylthiomethyl or (n-octylsulfonyl)alkylsulfonylmethyl side groups SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE poly(oxyethylene); dipole-dipole interaction; liquid crystalline polymer ID POLYELECTROLYTE-SURFACTANT COMPLEXES; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYETHERS; CHAIN CRYSTALLIZATION; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; SOLID-STATE; POLYMERS; POLYESTERS; ACID AB Two series of ((n-octylsulfonyl)alkylthio)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene)s ((-OCH2CHR-)(m) where R = -CH2S(CH2)(M)SO2-(CH2)(8)H) (OTP-M, M = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,12), and ((n-octylsulfonyl)alkylsulfonyl)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) ((-OCH2CHR-), where R = -CH2SO2-(CH2)(M)SO2(CH2)(8)H) (OSP-M, M = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12), were synthesized using polymer analogous reactions from poly(epichlorohydrin) to study the effect of dipole-dipole interactions of the sulfone groups (SO2) on the ordered structures of the poly(oxyethylene) derivatives. The ordered phases of these polymers were studied using polarizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and IR spectroscopy. OTP-Ms and OSP-3 showed ordered phases originated from side chain crystallization, while OSP-Ms except OSP-3 showed liquid crystalline behavior. The poly(oxyethylene) derivatives with M = 5, 6, 7 had double-layer structures, while the polymers with M = 3, 4, 9, 12 had intercalating double-layer structures at room temperature. The layer structures of the poly(oxyethylene) derivatives were found to be affected by the positions of the side chain sulfone groups which can generate strong dipole-dipole interactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM jongchan@snu.ac.kr NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 24 BP 7413 EP 7425 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.09.030 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 737BJ UT WOS:000186208200018 ER PT J AU Miller, SC Waite, C AF Miller, SC Waite, C TI Ephedrine-type alkaloid-containing dietary supplements and substance dependence SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID MA-HUANG; HYPERSENSITIVITY MYOCARDITIS; AMPHETAMINE C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, SC (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr,74MDOS-SGOHE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 6 BP 508 EP 511 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.44.6.508 PG 4 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 738HH UT WOS:000186280800009 PM 14597686 ER PT J AU Eyles, CJ Simnett, GM Cooke, MP Jackson, BV Buffington, A Hick, PP Waltham, NR King, JM Anderson, PA Holladay, PE AF Eyles, CJ Simnett, GM Cooke, MP Jackson, BV Buffington, A Hick, PP Waltham, NR King, JM Anderson, PA Holladay, PE TI The solar mass ejection imager (SMEI) SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We describe an instrument (SMEI) which has been specifically designed to detect and forecast the arrival of solar mass ejections and other heliospheric structures which are moving towards the Earth. Such events may cause geomagnetic storms, with resulting radiation hazards and disruption to military and commercial communications; damage to Earth-orbiting spacecraft; and also terrestrial effects such as surges in transcontinental power transmission lines. The detectors are sensitive over the optical wave-band, which is measured using CCD cameras. SMEI was launched on 6 January 2003 on the Coriolis spacecraft into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit as part of the US DoD Space Test Programme. The instrument contains three cameras, each with a field of view of 60degrees x 3degrees, which are mounted onto the spacecraft such that they scan most of the sky every 102-min orbit. The sensitivity is such that changes in sky brightness equivalent to a tenth magnitude star in one square degree of sky may be detected. Each camera takes an image every 4 s. The normal telemetry rate is 128 kbits s(-1). In order to extract the emission from a typical large coronal mass ejection, stellar images and the signal from the zodiacal dust cloud must be subtracted. This requires accurate relative photometry to 0.1%. One consequence is that images of stars and the zodiacal cloud will be measured to this photometric accuracy once per orbit. This will enable studies of transient zodiacal cloud phenomena, flare stars, supernovae, comets, and other varying point-like objects. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dept Space Sci, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Simnett, GM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 8 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 217 IS 2 BP 319 EP 347 DI 10.1023/B:SOLA.0000006903.75671.49 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 750ME UT WOS:000186999700008 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Mitchel, WC Landis, GR Crenshaw, TR Collins, WE AF Lu, WJ Mitchel, WC Landis, GR Crenshaw, TR Collins, WE TI Ohmic contact properties of Ni/C film on 4H-SiC SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE SiC; graphitization; ohmic contact; electrical contact properties ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERFACE REACTION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; SILICON-CARBIDE; GRAPHITE; DEVICES; NICKEL; GRAPHITIZATION AB Ohmic contact formation of Ni/C film on n-type 4H-SiC is investigated. A carbon interfacial layer between Ni film and SiC is used to improve ohmic contact properties. The contact properties of Ni/C/SiC structure with various thickness of carbon film, annealing time, and annealing temperatures are examined. The low specific contact resistivities at 10(-6)-10(-7) Omegacm(2) are achieved on the SiC with a doping concentration of 3.1 x 10(19) cm(-3) after annealing at 700-800degreesC in Ar for 2 h. For the Ni/C/SiC with moderate doping concentrations of 1.6 x 10(18) and 1.1 x 10(17) cm(-3), the specific contact resistivities at 10(-5) Omegacm(2) are formed after annealing at 900-100degreesC. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy are used for characterizations of carbon structural evolutions and film morphology, and are interpreted by the catalytic graphitization mechanism. The formation of nano-size graphitic structures and related structures results in the formation of ohmic contact on SiC, and Ni as a graphitization catalyst accelerates the graphitization process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Direcorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM wlu@fisk.edu NR 39 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2001 EP 2010 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00165-5 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 724TE UT WOS:000185502200017 ER PT J AU Sherali, HD Staats, RW Trani, AA AF Sherali, HD Staats, RW Trani, AA TI An airspace planning and collaborative decision-making model: Part I - Probabilistic conflicts, workload, and equity considerations SO TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FREE-FLIGHT AB We present a large-scale, airspace planning and collaborative decision-making model (APCDM) to enhance the management of the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). Given a set of flights that must be scheduled during some planning horizon, along with alternative surrogate trajectories for each flight as prompted by various airspace restriction scenarios imposed by dynamic severe weather systems or space launch special use airspaces (SUA), we develop a mixed-integer programming model to select a set of flight plans from among these alternatives, subject to flight safety, air traffic control workload, and airline equity constraints. The model includes a three-dimensional probabilistic conflict analysis, the derivation of valid inequalities, the development of air traffic control workload metrics, and the consideration of equity among airline carriers in absorbing costs related to rerouting, delays, and possible cancellations. The resulting APCDM model has potential use for both tactical and strategic applications, such as air traffic control in response to severe weather phenomena or spacecraft launches, FAA policy evaluation (separation standards, workload restrictions, sectorization. strategies), Homeland Defense contingency planning, and military air campaign planning. The model can also serve a useful role in augmenting the FANS National Playbook of standardized flight profiles in different disruption-prone regions of the national airspace. The present paper focuses on the theory and model development; Part II of this paper will address model parameter estimations and implementation test results. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn 0118, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Jr Dept Civil & Environm Engn 0105, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sherali, HD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn 0118, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0041-1655 J9 TRANSPORT SCI JI Transp. Sci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 434 EP 456 DI 10.1287/trsc.37.4.434.23272 PG 23 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 751ZX UT WOS:000187122400007 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Sun, L Wu, HY McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Foley, J Sexton, W Kusuda, L Chung, A Soderdahl, D Donahue, T AF Moul, JW Sun, L Wu, HY McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Foley, J Sexton, W Kusuda, L Chung, A Soderdahl, D Donahue, T TI Factors associated with blood loss during radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-era: an overview of the department of defense (DOD) Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) National Database SO UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; blood; transfusion ID RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; DONATION; TRENDS; PERINEAL; OUTCOMES AB Radical Prostatectomy (RP) has been traditionally associated with significant operative blood loss and high risk of transfusion. However, over the last few years, centers of excellence have reported less bleeding and transfusion. To verify and document changes in the epidemiology of bleeding and transfusion of men electing RP, we undertook an analysis of such cases in the Department of Defense (DoD) Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multicenter Research Database. Using the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multicenter National Research Database, a query of all RPs performed between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2000 was conducted revealing 2918 cases with blood-loss data available for analysis from nine hospital sites. These cases were analyzed over time (calendar year) and changes in the characteristics of the patients, disease severity, and surgical results were compared with estimated blood loss (EBL) and transfusion data. Among the 2918 evaluable men, 2399 (82%) underwent a retropubic RP, 97% had clinical T1-2 disease, and 77% had a PSA level less than or equal to10.0 ng/mL. Overall median operation time was 3.8 h, and EBL was 1000 cc. Examining trends over time, there was a dramatic decline in median operative time, EBL, and transfusion rate. In multiple linear regression analysis, operative time, operative approach, surgery year, lymphadenectomy status, and neoadjuvant hormonal therapy were significant predictor of EBL. Blood loss difference between retropubic and perineal RP became insignificant in the latter years. Radical prostatectomy is being performed more commonly on men with earlier stage disease in the PSA-Era. The operation is now performed more rapidly with less blood loss and fewer transfusion requirements. In a broad practice experience represented here, autologous blood donation would appear to be unnecessary for the majority of men and the blood loss advantage traditionally associated with perineal RP is no longer evident. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, CPDR, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. San Diego Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Malcolm Grow AF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Augusta, GA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM JMOUL@CPDR.ORG NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1078-1439 J9 UROL ONCOL-SEMIN O I JI Urol. Oncol.-Semin. Orig. Investig. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S1078-1439(03)00056-5 PG 9 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 757YR UT WOS:000187606100005 PM 14693271 ER PT J AU Gelinas, LJ Kelley, MC Sulzer, MP Mishin, E Starks, MJ AF Gelinas, LJ Kelley, MC Sulzer, MP Mishin, E Starks, MJ TI In situ observations during an HF heating experiment at Arecibo: Evidence for Z-mode and electron cyclotron harmonic effects SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric heating; Z mode; striations; electron Bernstein modes ID FIELD-ALIGNED IRREGULARITIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; PLASMA; IONOSPHERE; DENSITY; WAVE; CONVERSION; EXCITATION; HEATER AB [1] On 11 March 1998 the Langmuir Turbulence sounding rocket was launched through the Arecibo heater beam during an experiment to measure electric fields and plasma densities in the heater interaction region. In spite of a serious degradation of the Arecibo heater, the rocket data has provided evidence of Z mode waves and field aligned striations above the O mode reflection height. These observations give credence to the theory that Z mode wave interactions with field-aligned striations may be, in part, responsible for some of the features of the reflected HF spectrum observed in heating experiments. We also find strong low-frequency electric fields where the local plasma frequency matches an electron cyclotron harmonic. This suggests that electron Bernstein modes must be generated in the interaction process and can propagate to regions where they are severely damped. C1 Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, VSBXI, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Gelinas, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lynett@ece.cornell.edu; mikek@ece.cornell.edu; msulzer@naic.edu; evgenii.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; michael.starks@hanscom.af.mil NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A10 AR 1382 DI 10.1029/2003JA009922 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 740HY UT WOS:000186398000005 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Eckart, RE Wang, A Harrison, JK Tapson, VF Johnson, M Pierce, C Krichman, A Bashore, TM AF Krasuski, RA Eckart, RE Wang, A Harrison, JK Tapson, VF Johnson, M Pierce, C Krichman, A Bashore, TM TI Vasodilator response to inhaled nitric oxide is the most powerful predictor of survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 2559 BP 561 EP 561 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360602614 ER PT J AU Look, DC Farlow, GC Drevinsky, PJ Bliss, DF Sizelove, JR AF Look, DC Farlow, GC Drevinsky, PJ Bliss, DF Sizelove, JR TI On the nitrogen vacancy in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATED GAN; PHASE EPITAXIAL GAN; DONORS; GAAS; DEFECTS AB The dominant electrically active defect produced by 0.42 MeV electron irradiation in GaN is a 70 meV donor. Since only N-sublattice displacements can be produced at this energy, and since theory predicts that the N interstitial is a deep acceptor in n-type GaN, we argue that the 70 meV donor is most likely the isolated N vacancy. The background shallow donors, in the 24-26 meV range, actually decrease in concentration, probably due to interactions with mobile N interstitials that are produced by the irradiation. Thus, the recent assignment of a photoluminescence (PL) line as an exciton bound to a 25 meV N-vacancy donor is incompatible with our results. Moreover, we do not observe that PL line in our sample. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 20 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3525 EP 3527 DI 10.1063/1.1623009 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 734QQ UT WOS:000186068400027 ER PT J AU Dunlavy, MA Shivpuri, R Semiatin, SL AF Dunlavy, MA Shivpuri, R Semiatin, SL TI Failure during hot working of spray-formed Rene' 88 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE spray-formed; nickel-base superalloys; pore consolidation; ductile fracture ID SUPERALLOYS; METALS AB Isothermal, hot compression tests were conducted on spray-formed Rene' 88 to establish the effects of strain, strain rate, and temperature on the closure of porosity and the initiation of ductile fracture during hot working. In the as-sprayed condition, porosity was evenly distributed throughout the material in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Hot compression tests were conducted at temperatures between 760 and 1090 degreesC at strain rates of 0.0 1, 0.1, and 1.0 s(-1) to axial height strains of 0.4, 0.7, or 1.1. The deformation gave rise to near full-density (0.06% porosity) at the center and to porous regions (similar to0.5% porosity) similar to1-2 nun from the barreled free surface on the equatorial plane. From these observations and parallel finite-element-method (FEM) simulations, it was concluded that pore closure was enhanced by a state of triaxial compressive stress. Observations of pore coalescence and fracture via splat boundary separation at the free surface were also interpreted via FEM simulations. The simulation results for the near-surface region revealed that a maximum-tensile-work, rather than a tensile-stress, criterion controlled the process of splat-boundary separation, pore linkage, and final ductile fracture. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ind Welding & Syst Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dunlavy, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.dunlavy@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 359 IS 1-2 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00345-9 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 726RU UT WOS:000185613700024 ER PT J AU Jin, O Mall, S AF Jin, O Mall, S TI Effects of microstructure on short crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE microstructure; short crack growth; titanium alloy ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; PROPAGATION RESISTANCE; TI-6AL-4V; DEFORMATION; INITIATION; ALPHA; SIZE AB Crack initiation and short crack behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si (Ti6242) with fine and coarse lamellar microstructure were characterized. The fine microstructure showed a good crack initiation resistance compared with the coarse microstructure while the latter had better resistance to crack propagation than the former. Material microstructure influenced the degree of oscillation in crack growth rates during early crack growth stage and the surface crack length at which the transition from Stage I to Stage II occurred. No difference in short crack growth behavior between the two microstructures was observed. In the fine microstructure, the behavior of short and long crack growth was similar. However, in the coarse microstructure, the short crack growth rate was almost one order magnitude faster than the long crack growth rate at a given stress intensity factor range. Overall, the long crack with the coarse microstructure was more fatigue resistant than the three others, which were all similar. This resulted from the fact that the long crack growth is significantly affected by the anisotropic microstructure in the coarse case, i.e. variations in colony size and orientation between neighboring colonies. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL,MLLMN,AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL,MLLMN,AFIT,ENY, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 359 IS 1-2 BP 356 EP 367 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00377-0 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 726RU UT WOS:000185613700043 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A TI Formation of positive and negative ions in CH3NO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; AMINE SENSITIZATION; ENERGY DISPOSAL; CROSS-SECTIONS; NITROMETHANE; MECHANISM; FRAGMENTATIONS; EXCITATION; CATION AB Absolute dissociative ionization cross-sections from threshold to 200 eV have been measured using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). In the production of positive ions by electron impact ionization, 13 ions are detected, including the parent ion CH3NO2+ and the four most important fragment ions CH3NO+, NO2+, NO+, and CH3+. Kinetic energies of some selected positive ions are determined using the technique of trapping potential dependency study in FTMS experiments. In the production of negative ions by dissociative electron attachment to nitromethane, three anions were detected: CH2NO2-, NO2-, and CN-. The high sensitivity of the FTMS permits the subsequent time-resolved reactions of these anions to be studied at very low pressure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 23 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 42 BP 9040 EP 9044 DI 10.1021/jp022031h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 733FW UT WOS:000185990100030 ER PT J AU Ornatska, M Jones, SE Naik, RR Stone, MO Tsukruk, VV AF Ornatska, M Jones, SE Naik, RR Stone, MO Tsukruk, VV TI Biomolecular stress-sensitive gauges: Surface-mediated immobilization of mechanosensitive membrane protein SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; GATING MECHANISM; CHANNEL; MSCL; ADSORPTION; ALBUMIN; TENSION C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Ornatska, Maryna/B-6911-2009 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 42 BP 12722 EP 12723 DI 10.1021/ja037686q PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 733FY UT WOS:000185990300028 PM 14558816 ER PT J AU Hay, RS Marshall, DB AF Hay, RS Marshall, DB TI Deformation twinning in monazite SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE crystalline oxides; transmission electron microscopy; twinning; modeling; deformation structure; monazite ID COINCIDENCE SITE LATTICE; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITE; OXIDE COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARIES; COATINGS; CRYSTALS; ENERGY AB Polycrystalline monazite (LaPO4) was deformed at room temperature by a spherical indenter. Deformation twins were identified by TEM in 70 grains. Five twin planes were found: (1 0 0) was by far the most common; (0 0 1) and (1 2 0) were less common; (1 2 1) was rare, and kinks in (1 2 0) twins were identified as irrational '(4 8 3)' twin planes. The twinning modes on these planes were inferred from the expression of twinning shear at free surfaces, predictions of classical deformation twinning theory, and various considerations of twin morphology and crystal structure. Atomic shuffle calculations that allow formation of either a glide plane or a mirror plane at the twin interface were used to analyze twin modes. The inferred twin modes all have small atomic shuffles. For (0 0 1) twins, the smallest shuffles were obtained with a glide plane at the interface, with displacement vector R = 1/2[010]. The results do not uniquely define a twin mode on (1 0 0), leaving open the possibility of more than one mode operating on this plane. Factors that may determine the operative deformation twinning modes are discussed. Crystal structure considerations suggest that the relative abundance of twinning modes may correlate with low shear modulus on the twin plane in the direction of twinning shear, and with a possible low-energy interface structure consisting of a layer of xenotime of one half-unit-cell thickness that could form at (1 0 0) and (0 0 1) twins. The three most common twins have low strains to low Sigma coincidence site lattices (CSLs). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rockwell Sci Co, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5235 EP 5254 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00305-7 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 735NH UT WOS:000186121100001 ER PT J AU Hay, RS AF Hay, RS TI (120) and (12(2)over-bar) monazite deformation twins SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE crystalline oxides; transmission electron microscopy; twinning; modeling; deformation structure ID OXIDE COMPOSITES; PHOSPHATES; LATTICES; FIBERS AB Unusual features of (1 2 0) and (1 2 2) deformation twins in monazite (monoclinic LaPO4) are described and analyzed. These features are kinks and other irregularities in (1 2 0) twins, and V-shaped indentations on (1 2 0) and (1 2 2) twin planes. Twinning shear analysis suggests that the kinks are a type II deformation twin mode with shear direction (eta(1)) of [2 1 0]. This complements previous analysis based on atom shuffling considerations. Shear strain compatibility requires extensive plastic deformation in the kink. The V-shaped indentations may be analogous to similar structures in b.c.c metal deformation twins. Deformation mechanisms that may be associated with these structures are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5255 EP 5262 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00340-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 735NH UT WOS:000186121100002 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS TI Constitutive analysis of the high-temperature deformation of Ti-6Al-4V with a transformed microstructure SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; internal-variable theory; deformation mechanisms; dynamic globularization ID HOT-WORKING; PLASTIC-FLOW; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; SUPERPLASTICITY; TITANIUM; ALLOY; GLOBULARIZATION; RELAXATION; EVOLUTION; MODE AB The high-temperature deformation mechanisms of Ti-6Al-4V with a transformed microstructure were determined within the framework of inelastic-deformation theory. For this purpose, load-relaxation tests were conducted on samples with a lamellar structure containing different alpha-platelet thicknesses at temperatures of 715-900 degreesC. The flow stress-versus-strain rate curves for all the microstructures were well fit with an inelastic-deformation equation describing grain-matrix deformation (GMD) (dislocation glide + dislocation climb). However, for heavily pre-deformed specimens, grain-boundary sliding (GBS) as well as GMD was evident. The GBS rate was found to be most rapid for the microstructure with the thinnest alpha laths/platelets. Softening of heavily deformed material was attributed to a decrease in the internal-strength variable sigma* associated with reduced alpha-beta interface strength and to the occurrence of GBS. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Aerospace Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Aerospace Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 29 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5613 EP 5626 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00426-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 735NH UT WOS:000186121100031 ER PT J AU Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS AF Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS TI Identification of FIR Wiener systems with unknown, non-invertible, polynomial non-linearities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; CASCADE MODELS; HAMMERSTEIN; ALGORITHM AB Wiener systems consist of a linear dynamic system whose output is measured through a static non-linearity. In this paper we study the identification of single-input single-output Wiener systems with finite impulse response dynamics and polynomial output non-linearities. Using multi-index notation, we solve a least squares problem to estimate products of the coefficients of the non-linearity and the impulse response of the linear system. We then consider four methods for extracting the coefficients of the non-linearity and impulse response: direct algebraic solution, singular value decomposition, multi-dimensional singular value decomposition and prediction error optimization. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lacy, SL (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 76 IS 15 BP 1500 EP 1507 DI 10.1080/00207170310001599122 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 727XH UT WOS:000185685800003 ER PT J AU Hammond, VH Houtz, MD O'Reilly, JM AF Hammond, VH Houtz, MD O'Reilly, JM TI Structural relaxation in a bulk metallic glass (vol 325, pg 179, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Reilly, JM (reprint author), 490 Stone Rd, Pittsford, NY 14534 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 328 IS 1-3 BP 254 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00513-1 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 734VU UT WOS:000186079300026 ER PT J AU Duncan, S AF Duncan, S TI All news including the bad must flow to the top quickly SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD OCT 13 PY 2003 VL 159 IS 15 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 732JJ UT WOS:000185939500034 ER PT J AU He, GS Lin, TC Hsiao, VKS Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF He, GS Lin, TC Hsiao, VKS Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ TI Tunable two-photon pumped lasing using a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal grating as a distributed feedback element SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; LASER AB A holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal (H-PDLC) grating film was employed as an angle-dependent and narrow spectral-band feedback control element for two-photon pumped lasing in a dye solution, 4-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(methyl)amino phenyl]-4'-(6-hydroxyhexyl sulfonyl) stilbene (APSS) in dimethyl sulphoxide. The grating film contained about 80 layers of liquid-crystal domains periodically dispersed in an similar to15 mum thick polymer film, featuring a maximum reflectance of 75% at 561 nm position with an similar to9 nm spectral bandwidth. The output lasing wavelength could be tuned from 561.5 to 548.5 nm and the lasing bandwidth changed from 5 to 3 nm when the incidence angle on the grating film varied from 0degrees to 22degrees. The overall lasing efficiency was measured to be 10%. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 NR 12 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2733 EP 2735 DI 10.1063/1.1615315 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NB UT WOS:000185664000001 ER PT J AU Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW AF Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW TI Inversion domains in AlN grown on (0001) sapphire SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; GAN FILMS; POLARITY; BOUNDARIES; LAYERS AB Al-polarity inversion domains formed during AlN layer growth on (0001) sapphire were identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). They resemble columnar inversion domains reported for GaN films grown on (0001) sapphire. However, for AlN, these columns have a V-like shape with boundaries that deviate by 2degrees+/-0.5degrees from the c axis. TEM identification of these defects agrees with the post-growth surface morphology as well as with the microstructure revealed by etching in hot aqueous KOH. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Jasinski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 17 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2811 EP 2813 DI 10.1063/1.1616191 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NB UT WOS:000185664000027 ER PT J AU Alivov, YI Van Nostrand, JE Look, DC Chukichev, MV Ataev, BM AF Alivov, YI Van Nostrand, JE Look, DC Chukichev, MV Ataev, BM TI Observation of 430 nm electroluminescence from ZnO/GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ZNO; GAN; SAPPHIRE; DEVICES AB In this work, we report on the growth, fabrication, and device characterization of wide-band-gap heterojunction light-emitting diodes based on the n-ZnO/p-GaN material system. The layer structure is achieved by first growing a Mg-doped GaN film of thickness 1 mum on Al2O3(0001) by molecular-beam epitaxy, then by growing Ga-doped ZnO film of thickness 1 mum by chemical vapor deposition on the p-GaN layer. Room-temperature electroluminescence in the blue-violet region with peak wavelength 430 nm is observed from this structure under forward bias. Light-current characteristics of these light-emitting diodes are reported, and a superlinear behavior in the low current range with a slope 1.9 and a sublinear behavior with a slope 0.85 in the high current range are observed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microelect Technol, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow District, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Daghestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, Makhachkala 367003, Russia. RP Alivov, YI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microelect Technol, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow District, Russia. NR 19 TC 332 Z9 340 U1 7 U2 82 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2943 EP 2945 DI 10.1063/1.1615308 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NB UT WOS:000185664000071 ER PT J AU Yan, H Adelgren, R Boguszko, A Elliott, G Knight, D AF Yan, H Adelgren, R Boguszko, A Elliott, G Knight, D TI Laser energy deposition in quiescent air SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BLAST WAVES; GASES; BREAKDOWN; BEAM AB Laser energy deposition in quiescent air has been studied experimentally and numerically. The study is focused on the gasdynamic effects of the laser energy spot on the flow structure. A Gaussian profile for initial temperature distribution is proposed to model the energy spot assuming the density is initially uniform. A filtered Rayleigh scattering technique has been used for obtaining the experimental results. These consisted of How visualization of the blast wave, and simultaneous pressure, temperature, and velocity measurements. Good agreement has been achieved between numerical and experimental results for shock radius vs time. The comparison of computed and experimental density, pressure, temperature, and velocity outside the laser spot show good agreement as well. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards Air Force Base, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 98 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1988 EP 1995 DI 10.2514/2.1888 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 726RE UT WOS:000185612300015 ER PT J AU Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA AF Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA TI Uncertainty quantification of structural response using evidence theory SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Over the past decade, classical probabilistic analysis has been a popular approach among the uncertainty quantification methods. As the complexity and performance requirements of a structural system are increased, the quantification of uncertainty becomes more complicated, and various forms of uncertainties should be taken into consideration. Because of the need to characterize the distribution of probability, classical probability theory may not be suitable for a large complex system such as an aircraft, in that our information is never complete because of lack of knowledge and statistical data. Evidence theory, also known as Dempster-Shafer theory, is proposed to handle the epistemic uncertainty that stems from lack of knowledge about a structural system. Evidence theory provides us with a useful tool for aleatory (random) and epistemic (subjective) uncertainties. An intermediate complexity wing example is used to evaluate the relevance of evidence theory to an uncertainty quantification problem for the preliminary design of airframe structures. Also, methods for efficient calculations in large-scale problems are discussed. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM hbae@cs.wright.edu; rgrandhi@cs.wright.edu; robert.canfield@afit.edu NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2062 EP 2068 DI 10.2514/2.1898 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 726RE UT WOS:000185612300024 ER PT J AU Serebruany, VL Malinin, AI Jerome, SD Lowry, DR Morgan, AW Sane, DC Tanguay, JF Steinhubl, SR O'Connor, DM AF Serebruany, VL Malinin, AI Jerome, SD Lowry, DR Morgan, AW Sane, DC Tanguay, JF Steinhubl, SR O'Connor, DM TI Effects of clopidogrel and aspirin combination versus aspirin alone on platelet aggregation and major receptor expression in patients with heart failure: The PLavix Use for Treatment Of Congestive Heart Failure (PLUTO-CHF) trial SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY STENT PLACEMENT; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; ADP RECEPTORS; P-SELECTIN; ADHESION; THERAPY; INHIBITION; DISEASE; ABNORMALITIES; ANTIPLATELET AB Background Persistent platelet activation may contribute to thrombotic events in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Chronic use of mild platelet inhibitors could therefore represent an independent avenue to improve morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in this expanding population. Although clopidogrel is widely used in patients with acute coronary syndromes and ischemic stroke, the ability of this novel ADP-receptor antagonist to inhibit platelet function in patients with CHF is unknown. We assessed antiplatelet properties of clopidogrel with aspirin (C+A) versus aspirin alone (A) in patients with CHF with heightened platelet activity. Methods Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, or CHF symptoms in the setting of preserved systolic function and New York Heart Association class IHV were screened. Patients were considered to have platelet activation when 4 of the following 5 parameters were met: ADP-induced platelet aggregation >60%; collagen-induced aggregation >70%; whole blood aggregation > 18 ohms; expression of GP IIb/IIIa >220 log MFI; and P-selectin cell positivity >8%. All patients were treated with 325 mg of acetylsalycilic acid (ASA) for at least 1 month. Patients receiving an antithrombotic agent other than ASA were excluded. Patients meeting clinical and laboratory criteria were randomly assigned to C+A (n=25), A (n=25) groups, or represent screen failures (n=38). Platelet studies (conventional and whole blood aggregometry, shear-induced activation, expression of 10 major receptors and formation of platelet-leukocyte microparticles) were performed at baseline and after 30 days of therapy. Results There were no deaths, hospitalizations, or serious adverse events. There were no changes in platelet parameters in the A group. In contrast, therapy with C+A resulted in a significant inhibition of platelet activity assessed by ADP-induced (P =.00001), and epinephrine-induced (P =.0016) aggregation, closure time (P =.04), expression of PECAM-1 (P =.009), GP lb (P =.006), GP IIb/IIIa antigen (P =.0001), GP IIb/IIIa activity with PAC-1 (P =.0021), and CID 151 (P =.0026) when compared with the A group. Therapy with C+A also resulted in the reduced formation of platelet-leukocyte microparticles (P =.021). Collagen-induced aggregation in plasma and in whole blood, expression of vitronectin receptor, P-selectin, CD63, CD107a, and CD107b did not differ among groups. Conclusions Treatment with C+A for I month provides significantly greater inhibition of platelet activity than ASA alone in patients with CHF. Patients with CHF with heightened platelet activity represent a potential target population in which addition of ciopidogrel may decrease mortality rates by reducing the incidence of thrombotic vascular events. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sinai Ctr Thrombosis Res, Baltimore, MD USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Montreal Heart Inst, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. RP Serebruany, VL (reprint author), Sinai Hosp, Thrombosis Res Ctr, 2401 W Belvedere Ave,R202, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. OI Jerome, Scott/0000-0002-6166-8675 NR 43 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 146 IS 4 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00260-6 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 733UN UT WOS:000186019200026 PM 14564328 ER PT J AU Dorminey, JC Dunn, WJ Taloumis, LJ AF Dorminey, JC Dunn, WJ Taloumis, LJ TI Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a modified 1-step etchant-and-primer technique SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ETCHING PRIMER; ADHESIVE SYSTEMS; ENAMEL SURFACES; SEM EVALUATION; GLASS-IONOMER; ACIDIC PRIMER; DENTIN; RESIN; COMPOSITE AB When bonding orthodontic brackets to enamel, most orthodontists use a conventional technique of etching tooth enamel with phosphoric acid, placing a hydrophilic primer on the etched, rinsed, and dried surface, then bonding the bracket with an adhesive resin composite. New systems simultaneously etch and prime the tooth surface in preparation for bonding. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with a conventional, multistep adhesive system and a self-etching primer adhesive system. In addition, a third group was included in which the air dispersion step in the self-etching primer system was omitted. Brackets were bonded to 108 extracted human molars according to 1 of 3 experimental protocols-group 1: conventional multistep adhesive (n = 36); group 2: self-etching primer system (n = 36); group 3: self-etching primer system without air dispersion (n = 36). Specimens were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine (Instron, Canton, Mass). Mean shear bond strengths in megapascals (standard deviation) were 11.3 (2.2), 11.9 (3.2), and 8.2 (2.8) for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Data were subjected to 1-way analysis of variance at alpha = .05. The mean shear bond strength of the self-etching primer group in which the air dispersion step was omitted was significantly less than in the other 2 groups (P < .001). However, there was no difference in mean shear bond strength between the conventional, multistep adhesive system and the self-etching primer system when the primer was dispersed correctly (P = .34). C1 Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 124 IS 4 BP 410 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00404-9 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 732KN UT WOS:000185943900017 PM 14560271 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Bau, JL Beall, DP AF Ly, JQ Bau, JL Beall, DP TI Radiologic-Pathologic Conference of Wilford Hall Medical Center - Forearm intramuscular myxoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MR C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ste 1,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 181 IS 4 BP 960 EP 960 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 724NB UT WOS:000185492700011 PM 14500209 ER PT J AU Cothrel, C AF Cothrel, C TI Narrowing the nation's power: The Supreme Court sides with the states SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cothrel, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0883-105X J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 106 EP 107 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 737BX UT WOS:000186209400016 ER PT J AU Frith, E AF Frith, E TI Tales of two cities: Race and economic culture in early republican North and South America SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Frith, E (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0883-105X J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 118 EP 119 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 737BX UT WOS:000186209400026 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, J TI The shaping of Southern culture: Honor, grace, and war, 1760s-1880s SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0883-105X J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 119 EP 119 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 737BX UT WOS:000186209400027 ER PT J AU Leinbach, G AF Leinbach, G TI Romancing the shadow: Poe and race SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Leinbach, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0883-105X J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 124 EP 125 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 737BX UT WOS:000186209400032 ER PT J AU Mowle, TS AF Mowle, TS TI Opening NATO's door: How the alliance remade itself for a new era SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mowle, TS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0883-105X J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 136 EP 137 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 737BX UT WOS:000186209400043 ER PT J AU Nugent, JS Nugent, AL Whisman, BA White, K Hagan, LL AF Nugent, JS Nugent, AL Whisman, BA White, K Hagan, LL TI Levothyroxine anaphylaxis? Vocal cord dysfunction mimicking an anaphylactic drug reaction SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Force Regional Meeting of the American-College-of-Physicians-American-Society-of-Internal-Medicine (ACP-ASIM) CY FEB 25-28, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Coll Physicians Amer Soc Internal Med ID SEXUAL ABUSE; ADOLESCENTS; MOTION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Nugent, JS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59 MDW MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI White, Kevin/0000-0001-7723-3257 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 731JB UT WOS:000185879600005 PM 14582811 ER PT J AU Coleman, NV Spain, JC AF Coleman, NV Spain, JC TI Distribution of the coenzyme m pathway of epoxide metabolism among ethene- and vinyl chloride-degrading Mycobactefium strains SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; LINEAR PLASMIDS; M-TRANSFERASE; BACTERIA; EPOXYALKANE; SUBSTRATE; ALKENE; GENE; DNA; PY2 AB An epoxyalkane:coenzyme M (CoM) transferase (FaCoMT) enzyme was recently found to be active in the aerobic vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene assimilation pathways of Mycobacterium strain JS60. In the present study, EaCoMT activity and genes were investigated in 10 different mycobacteria isolated on VC or ethene from diverse environmental samples. In all cases, epoxyethane metabolism in cell extracts was dependent on CoM, with average specific activities of EaCoMT between 380 and 2,910 nmol/min/mg of protein. PCR with primers based on conserved regions of EaCoMT genes from Mycobacterium strain JS60 and the propene oxidizers Xanthobacter strain Py2 and Rhodococcus strain B-276 yielded fragments (834 bp) of EaCoMT genes from all of the VC- and ethene-assimilating isolates. The Mycobacterium EaCoMT genes form a distinct cluster and are more closely related to the EaCoMT of Rhodococcus strain B-276 than that of Xanthobacter strain Py2. The incongruence of the EaCoMT and 16S rRNA gene trees and the fact that isolates from geographically distant locations possessed almost identical EaCoMT genes suggest that lateral transfer of EaCoMT among the Mycobacterium strains has occurred. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed large linear plasmids (110 to 330 kb) in all of the VC-degrading strains. In Southern blotting experiments, the strain JS60 EaCoMT gene hybridized to many of the plasmids. The CoM-mediated pathway of epoxide metabolism appears to be universal in alkene-assimilating mycobacteria, possibly because of plasmid-mediated lateral gene transfer. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Bldg 1117,139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 10 BP 6041 EP 6046 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.10.6041-6046.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 731JV UT WOS:000185881300040 PM 14532060 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT Kannan, N Balldin, UI AF Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT Kannan, N Balldin, UI TI The risk of altitude decompression sickness at 12,000 m and the effect of ascent rate SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; venous gas emboli; altitude; decompression rate ID BUBBLES AB Introduction: Loss of aircraft cabin pressurization can result in very rapid decompression rates. The literature contains reports of increased or unchanged levels of altitude decompression sickness (DCS) resulting from increasing the rate of decompression. We conducted two prospective exposure profiles to quantify the DCS risk at 12,192 m (40,000 ft), and to determine if there was a greater DCS hazard associated with a much higher rate of decompression than typically used during past DCS studies. Methods: The 63 human subjects participated in 80 altitude chamber decompression exposures to a simulated altitude of 12,192 m (2.72 psia; 18.75 kPa) for 90 min, following preoxygenation with 100% oxygen for 90 min. Half of the subject-exposures involved an 8-min decompression (1,524 mpm; 5,000 fpm) and the other half experienced a 30-s decompression (mean of 24,384 mpm; 80,000 fpm). Throughout each ascent and exposure, subjects were seated at rest and breathed 100% oxygen. At altitude, they were monitored for precordial venous gas emboli (VGE) and DCS symptoms. Results: The higher decompression rate yielded 55.0% DCS and 72.5% VGE and the lower rate produced 47.5% DCS and 65.0% VGE. Chi square and log rank tests based on the Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated no difference in the incidence or onset rate of DCS or VGE observed during the two profiles. Conclusion: Decompression rate to altitude up to 24,384 mpm was found not to have an effect on DCS risk at altitude. However, research is needed to define the DCS risk with decompression rates greater than 24,384 mpm. It was also found that the onset time to DCS symptoms decreases as altitude increases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wyle Labs Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Div Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1052 EP 1057 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 726QG UT WOS:000185610000006 PM 14556566 ER PT J AU Steinkraus, LW Cayce, W Golding, A AF Steinkraus, LW Cayce, W Golding, A TI Diabetes mellitus type 2 in aviators: A preventable disease SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE diabetes mellitus type 2; obesity; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance ID BETA-CELL FAILURE; LEAN BODY-MASS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-STYLE; OBESITY; WEIGHT; HEALTH AB Introduction: The current epidemic of obesity and resultant diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a tsunami that will impact healthcare worldwide and lap over into aerospace medicine. Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is the major link between obesity and DMT2. Methods: A review of U.S. Air Force Aeromedical Consult Service (ACS) records was accomplished looking at aviators with a diagnosis of DMT2. Case reports of three flyers with DMT2 are presented and discussed. Other aeromedical agencies were contacted regarding their experiences and this information was summarized. A literature review on DMT2, obesity, and metabolic syndrome was accomplished. Results: Of 70 charts for flyers identified with diabetes mellitus at the ACS between 1975 and 2000, over 95% were for DMT2. The mean body mass index for these aviators was 26.2. Currently, all services grant restricted waivers for some aviators with DMT2, none in high performance, single-seat aircraft. The FAA is currently allowing most flyers with stable DMT2 to operate aircraft in all categories with specific restrictions. Discussion: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are becoming increasingly prevalent in the aviation community. Aggressive actions to limit weight gain and identify those at risk for developing DMT2 must be considered for all populations. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GERAM, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Steinkraus, LW (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GERAM, Bldg 775, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1091 EP 1100 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 726QG UT WOS:000185610000013 PM 14556573 ER PT J AU Ohashi, K Nakanishi, K Miyajima, D Fukushima, K Shirotani, T Kuwamura, K Tong, A AF Ohashi, K Nakanishi, K Miyajima, D Fukushima, K Shirotani, T Kuwamura, K Tong, A TI Cerebral infarction in a 24-year-old pilot SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE transient ischemic attack; reversible ischemic neurological deficit; smoking; medical waiver ID LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS; YOUNG-ADULTS; ISCHEMIC STROKE; RISK-FACTORS; IOWA REGISTRY; PREVENTION; SMOKING AB Ischemic stroke is a rare event in young adults. We report on a 24-yr-old pilot with cerebral infarction of undetermined etiology, temporally associated with chain smoking. The patient exhibited dysphasia, stupor (confused consciousness), and right facial-nerve palsy. Computed-tomography revealed a low-density area in the left insular cortex. Cerebroangiography showed severe stenosis in a branch of the left middle cerebral artery. After admission the patient made a rapid and uneventful recovery within 72 h. MRI showed an area of hyperintensity on T2-weighted images 2 mo after the attack. Based on the hyperintense area on FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence) images obtained in MRI performed 10 mo after the attack, we diagnosed a cerebral infarction. In the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, cerebral infarction is an aeromedically disqualifying condition. However, in the evaluation 2 mo after the attack, differentiation from reversible ischemic neurological deficit was difficult. We discuss the criteria used for diagnosis and the risk factors for cerebral infarction in young adults, as well as the aeromedical disposition of young pilots. C1 Japan Air Self Def Force, Aeromed Lab, Div 3, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908585, Japan. Japan Air Self Def Force, Aeromed Lab, Biochem Sect, Div 2, Tachikawa, Japan. Japan Air Self Def Force, Tech Sch 3, Fukuoka, Japan. Japan Air Self Def Force, Tokyo, Japan. Japan Self Def Force Cent Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Tokyo, Japan. USAF, Human Syst Program Off, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Ohashi, K (reprint author), Japan Air Self Def Force, Aeromed Lab, Div 3, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908585, Japan. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1105 EP 1109 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 726QG UT WOS:000185610000015 PM 14556575 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Allen, SJ AF Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Allen, SJ TI Thermophysiological consequences of whole body resonant RF exposure (100 MHz) in human volunteers SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics-Society CY JUN 23-27, 2002 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Bioelectromagnet Soc DE resonance; thermoregulation; body temperature; sweating; thermal sensation; radio frequency ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; THERMOREGULATION; FREQUENCY; SKIN AB Thermophysiological responses of heat production and heat loss were measured in seven adult volunteers (six males and one female, aged 31-74 years) during 45 min dorsal exposures of the whole body to 100 MHz continuous wave (CW) radio frequency (RF) energy. Three power densities (PD) (average PD = 4,6, and 8 mW/cm(2); whole body specific absorption rate [SAR] = 0.068 [W/kg]/[mW/ cm(2)]) were tested in each of three ambient temperatures (T(a) = 24, 28, and 31 degreesC), as well as in T(a) controls (no RF). A standardized protocol (30 min baseline, 45 min RF or sham exposure, 10 min baseline) was used. Measured responses included esophageal and seven skin temperatures, metabolic heat production, local sweat rate, and local skin blood flow. No changes in metabolic heat production Occurred under any test condition. Unlike published results of similar exposures at 450 and 2450 MHz, local skin temperatures, even those on the back that were irradiated directly, changed little or not at all during 100 MHz exposures. The sole exception was the temperature of the ankle skin, which increased by 3-4 degreesC in some subjects at PD = 8 mW/cm(2). During the 45 min RF exposure, esophageal temperature showed modest changes (range -0.15 to 0.13 degreesC) and never exceeded 37.2 degreesC. Thermoregulation was principally controlled by appropriate increases in evaporative heat loss (sweating) and, to a lesser extent, by changes in skin blood flow. Because of the deep penetration of RF energy at this frequency, effectively bypassing the skin, these changes must have been stimulated by thermal receptors deep in the body rather than those located in the skin. Bioelectromagnetics 24:489-501, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Adair, ER (reprint author), 50 Deepwood Dr, Hamden, CT 06517 USA. EM eadair@comcast.net NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 7 BP 489 EP 501 DI 10.1002/bem.10128 PG 13 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 723WU UT WOS:000185455200006 PM 12955754 ER PT J AU Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacralne, KS Hurt, W Ziriax, J AF Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacralne, KS Hurt, W Ziriax, J TI Empirical and theoretical dosimetry in support of whole body resonant RF exposure (100 MHz) in human volunteers SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radio frequency; E field; H field; field scans; specific absorption rate (SAR); finite difference time domain (FDTD) ID RESPONSES; SAR AB This study reports the dosimetry performed to support an experiment that measured physiological responses of volunteer human subjects exposed to the resonant frequency for a seated human adult at 100 MHz. Exposures were performed in an anechoic chamber which was designed to provide uniform fields for frequencies of 100 MHz or greater. A half wave dipole with a 90degrees reflector was used to optimize the field at the subject location. The dosimetry plan required measurement of transmitter harmonics, stationary probe drift, field strengths as a function of distance, electric and magnetic field maps at 200, 225, and 250 cm from the dipole antenna, and specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements using a human phantom, as well as theoretical predictions of SAR with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. On each exposure test day, a measurement was taken at 225 cm on the beam centerline with a NBS E field probe to assure consistently precise exposures. A NBS 10 cm loop antenna was positioned 150 cm to the right, 100 cm above, and 60 cm behind the subject and was read at 5 min intervals during all RF exposures. These dosimetry measurements assured accurate and consistent exposures. FDTD calculations were used to determine SAR distribution in a seated human subject. This study reports the necessary dosimetry for work on physiological consequences of human volunteer exposures to 100 MHz. Bioelectromagnetics 24:502-509,2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Veridian Engn Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Ctr Detachment, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Allen, SJ (reprint author), Veridian Engn Inc, 3276 Reliance Loop, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM stewart.allen@brooks.af.mil NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 7 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1002/bem.10129 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 723WU UT WOS:000185455200007 PM 12955755 ER PT J AU Ivnitski, D O'Neil, DJ Gattuso, A Schlicht, R Calidonna, M Fisher, R AF Ivnitski, D O'Neil, DJ Gattuso, A Schlicht, R Calidonna, M Fisher, R TI Nucleic acid approaches for detection and identification of biological warfare and infectious disease agents SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; ON-A-CHIP; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; DNA MICROARRAYS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION ASSAYS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE AB Biological warfare agents are the most problematic of the weapons of mass destruction and terror. Both civilian and military sources predict that over the next decade the threat from proliferation of these agents will increase significantly. In this review we summarize the state of the art in detection and identification of biological threat agents based on PCR technology with emphasis on the new technology of microarrays. The advantages and limitations of real-time PCR technology and a review of the literature as it applies to pathogen and virus detection are presented. The paper covers a number of issues related to the challenges facing biological threat agent detection technologies and identifies critical components that must be overcome for the emergence of reliable PCR-based DNA technologies as bioterrorism countermeasures and for environmental applications. The review evaluates various system components developed for an integrated DNA microchip and the potential applications of the next generation of fully automated DNA analyzers with integrated sample preparation and biosensing elements. The article also reviews promising devices and technologies that are near to being, or have been, commercialized. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. CRADA Int, Atlanta, GA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Ivnitski, D (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Inst Engn Res & Applicat, 901 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 74 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 10 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD OCT PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 862 EP 869 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 731UD UT WOS:000185904100026 PM 14579752 ER PT J AU Bravo, LO Walls, JG Ly, JQ Lisanti, CJ Roberts, SP AF Bravo, LO Walls, JG Ly, JQ Lisanti, CJ Roberts, SP TI Esophageal duplication cyst presenting as chronic cough SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Chest-Physicians CY OCT 25-30, 2003 CL ORLAMDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Coll Chest Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2003 VL 124 IS 4 SU S BP 263S EP 264S PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 734RG UT WOS:000186070400586 ER PT J AU Graham, JA Walls, JG Lusk, JD LaGatta, LM Kendall, BS AF Graham, JA Walls, JG Lusk, JD LaGatta, LM Kendall, BS TI Pulmonary tumor embolism presenting as a complication of adenoid cystic carcinoma SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Chest-Physicians CY OCT 25-30, 2003 CL ORLAMDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Coll Chest Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2003 VL 124 IS 4 SU S BP 286S EP 287S PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 734RG UT WOS:000186070400620 ER PT J AU Borup, LH Peters, JS Sartori, CR AF Borup, LH Peters, JS Sartori, CR TI Onchocerciasis (river blindness) SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID OCULAR ONCHOCERCIASIS; IVERMECTIN; DIAGNOSIS AB A 37-year-old African man presented for excision of a dermal nodule after a diagnosis of ocular onchocerciasis (river blindness). A nodule from the patient's left buttock contained several adult filarial worms, and results from adjacent skin biopsy specimens revealed numerous dermal microfilariae. The patient was admitted to the hospital and treated with one dose of ivermectin. Recommendations were made for ivermectin treatments every 6 months for up to 10 years. The history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of onchocerciasis are discussed. C1 Osteopath Med Ctr Texas, Ft Worth, TX USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Dermatol Clin, Ft Benning, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO USA. USAF Acad Hosp, Dermatol Clin, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Borup, LH (reprint author), USAF, MC, 7341 Moon Ridge Ct, Ft Worth, TX 76133 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD OCT PY 2003 VL 72 IS 4 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 733MA UT WOS:000186003200006 PM 14604081 ER PT J AU Fullerton, RL AF Fullerton, RL TI An empirical assessment of US Air Force pilot attrition SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 76th Annual Conference of the Western-Economics-Association-International (WEAI) CY JUL 04-08, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Western Econ Assoc Int DE pilots; retention; attrition; military personnel AB The US Air Force is facing a record shortfall in pilots over the coming decade. Using personnel data on more than 10,000 Air Force pilots, this study examines the factors affecting the retention of pilots and assesses the effectiveness of the pilot bonus programme implemented by the Air Force to reduce attrition. Although surveys indicated sustained deployment rates were the leading cause of job dissatisfaction among Air Force pilots, the results of this study suggest economic factors had the largest impact on retention. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Fullerton, RL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1080/1024269032000076288 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 826JW UT WOS:000221826400003 ER PT J AU Manoranjan, VS Stauffer, TB AF Manoranjan, VS Stauffer, TB TI Analytical solution for solute transport with Freundlich sorption SO DYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS DISCRETE AND IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS-SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Partial Differential Equations (PDE) CY MAY 23-25, 2002 CL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WASHINGTON HO WASHINGTON STATE UNIV DE contaminant transport; Freundlich sorption; nonequilibrium conditions; concentration profile; analytical solution ID CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION; SYSTEMS AB Analytical solutions are derived for the solute transport model with Freundlich sorption under nonequilibrium conditions, without making any simplifying apriori assumptions. The Solutions are in the form of traveling wave fronts and it is shown that in general, there exists four distinct wave solutions corresponding to four different wave speeds. The methodology of finding such solutions is outlined and an illustrative example is presented. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Armstrong Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Manoranjan, VS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WATAM PRESS PI WATERLOO PA C/O DCDIS JOURNAL, 317 KAREN PLACE, WATERLOO, ONTARIO N2L 6K8, CANADA SN 1201-3390 J9 DYNAM CONT DIS SER A PD OCT PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 851 EP 861 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 718MP UT WOS:000185150800013 ER PT J AU Turner, M Cogshell, T AF Turner, M Cogshell, T TI A comparison between adolescents in single-parent homes and non-parental homes: An assessment of well-being SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2003 VL 43 SI 1 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 734VF UT WOS:000186078100868 ER PT J AU Wireman, JR Hooper, MJ Porter, RC AF Wireman, JR Hooper, MJ Porter, RC TI Ecological risk assessment within the US Department of Defense SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; toxicology; biomarker; database AB While documentation exists on how the Department of Defense (DOD) develops ecological risk assessments (ERAs), there has been no effort to provide an in-depth evaluation of ongoing ERA activities and to discuss potential advancements that could be made to globally improve DOD ERAs. The focus of this research is on the use of ERA techniques and strategies based on the evaluation of past and current DOD research, guidance, and policies, and site-specific (i.e., installation-level) ERA activities. Approaches used by the DOD to evaluate ecological risks are discussed along with recommendations for improvement. This is supplemented by case studies that provide insight into the diversity of ERA activities and influences of stakeholder input at the installation level. Also described are: the importance of providing sufficient guidance to risk managers in regards to whether remediation is needed, what the potential ecological impacts are likely to occur from restoration activities, and recommendations regarding potential remedies most likely to be protective of the site contaminants and most beneficial to the site-specific ecosystem. C1 USAF, AFIERA RSRF, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Texas Tech Univ, TIEHH, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Mitretek, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wireman, JR (reprint author), USAF, AFIERA RSRF, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1561 EP 1579 DI 10.1080/10807030390251047 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 757YF UT WOS:000187603800014 ER PT J AU Hong, L Cong, S Wicker, D AF Hong, L Cong, S Wicker, D TI Multirate interacting multiple model (MRIMM) filtering with out-of-sequence GMTI data SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID TARGET TRACKING; RANDOM SIGNALS; ALGORITHM; DECOMPOSITION; SYSTEMS AB A multirate approach is developed for incorporating an out-of-sequence (OOS) measurement into a current estimate. There are two major steps in OOS filtering: retrospection from current time to OOS time and updating the current estimate with the OOS measurement, which imposes a high computation and memory burden on implementing OOS filtering. The multirate approach provides an excellent framework for efficient information retrospection and forward updating. A multirate interacting multiple model (MRIMM) filter is developed to track a target with or without manoeuvring behaviour in an environment of out-of-sequence measurement reporting. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 150 IS 5 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030713 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 751UM UT WOS:000187085400001 ER PT J AU Nikulin, VV Bouzoubaa, M Skormin, VA Busch, TE AF Nikulin, VV Bouzoubaa, M Skormin, VA Busch, TE TI Lyapunov-based decentralized adaptive control for laser beam tracking systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A successful controller design is crucial for establishing and maintaining in optical link between free-space communication stations engaged in a laser communication session. This task is quite difficult due to nonlinear behavior, cross-coupled dynamics, and time-varying characteristics of all known beam steering technologies. A novel adaptive control technique utilizing Lyapunov function to ensure global asymptotic stability of the system, thus resulting in a highly robust system performance, is developed. The technique applied to a piezo-electric mirror setup results in a highly efficient controller design that does not require prior knowledge of system dynamics, while providing independent access to azimuth and elevation positions of the laser beam. The basic algorithm is presented and the results of its application are demonstrated. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Laser Commun Res Lab, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Nikulin, VV (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Laser Commun Res Lab, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM vnikulin@binghamton.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1191 EP 1200 DI 10.1109/TAES.2003.1261121 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 768CT UT WOS:000188511200006 ER PT J AU Pasala, K Penno, R AF Pasala, K Penno, R TI Novel wideband multimode hybrid interferometer system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB In this paper, a novel hybrid of a three-element interferometer comprised of multimode antennas is analyzed. The phase ambiguities associated with the long baselines of the interferometer are resolved using the "coarse" angle estimates provided by the multimode antenna. This results in the elimination of the short baseline interferometers of the conventional five-element interferometer. It is shown here that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) must be above a threshold value to resolve the phase ambiguities with a high degree of probability. An expression that shows the dependence of this threshold SNR on the interferometer spacing and the variance of the angle estimates provided by the multimode antenna is derived. A single three-element wideband multimode antenna interferometer can replace several five-element conventional interferometers, each covering a separate frequency band. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, AFRL, SN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pasala, K (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Krishna.Pasala@notes.udayton.edu; Stephen.Schneider@afrl.of.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1396 EP 1406 DI 10.1109/TAES.2003.1261135 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 768CT UT WOS:000188511200020 ER PT J AU Xiong, P Medley, MJ Batalama, SN AF Xiong, P Medley, MJ Batalama, SN TI Spatial and temporal processing for global navigation satellite systems: The GPS receiver paradigm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID MULTIPATH; ESTIMATOR; FILTER AB We address the problem of navigation data demodulation by an adaptive GPS receiver that utilizes a bank of single-satellite linear-tap-delay filters and employs antenna-array reception. The presence of an antenna array allows the receiver to operate in the spatial domain in addition to the temporal (code) domain. We investigate disjoint-domain as well as joint-domain space-time GPS signal processing techniques and we consider design criteria of conventional matched-filter (MF) type, minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE), minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) type and auxiliary-vector (AV) type. The proposed structures utilize filters that operate at a fraction of the navigation data bit period (1 ms) and are followed by hard-decision detectors. Hard decisions taken over a navigation data bit period (20 ms) are then combined according to a simple combining rule for further bit-error-rate (BER) performance improvements. Analytic, numerical, and simulation comparisons illustrate the relative merits of the investigated receiver design alternatives. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Xiong, P (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM batalama@eng.buffalo.edu NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1484 DI 10.1109/TAES.2003.1261146 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 768CT UT WOS:000188511200028 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Steckl, AJ Scofield, J AF Cheng, L Steckl, AJ Scofield, J TI SiC thin-film Fabry-Perot interferometer for fiber-optic temperature sensor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Fabry-Perot interferometer; fiber-optic; sapphire; SiC; thin-film ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH; TRIMETHYLSILANE; SI(111) AB Polycrystalline SiC grown on single-crystal sapphire substrates have been investigated as thin-film Fabry-Perot interferometers for fiber-optic temperature measurements in harsh temperatures. SiC-based temperature sensors are compact in size, robust, and stable at high temperatures, making them one of the best choices for high temperature applications. SiC films with thickness of about 0.5-2.0 mum were grown at 1100 degreesC by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with trimethylsilane. The effect of operating temperature on the shifts in resonance minima, Deltalambda(m), of the SiC/sapphire substrate has been measured in the visible-infrared wavelength range. A temperature sensitivity of 1.9 x 10(-5)/degreesC is calculated using the minimum at similar to700 nm. Using a white, broadband light source, a temperature accuracy of +/-3.5degreesC is obtained over the temperature range of 22 degreesC to 540 degreesC. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, L (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2003 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2159 EP 2164 DI 10.1109/TED.2003.816106 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 725WP UT WOS:000185565600022 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Ehret, J Mahalingam, K Hegde, S Solomon, J Tomich, DH Landis, G Brown, GJ Oogarah, T Liu, HC AF Szmulowicz, F Ehret, J Mahalingam, K Hegde, S Solomon, J Tomich, DH Landis, G Brown, GJ Oogarah, T Liu, HC TI Overcoming absorption saturation with doping in p-type quantum well infrared photodetectors: modeling and experiment SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2002) CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL TURIN, ITALY DE quantum well; p-type; infrared detector; absorption; photoresponse ID PHOTORESPONSE MEASUREMENT AB Bound-to-continuum normal-incidence absorption in p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) is strongest when the second light-hole (LH2) level is resonant with the top of the valence band QW. However, we found that such absorption saturates as a function of doping in the well. Using the envelope-function model (EFA), this paper shows that moving the LH2 resonance slightly deeper into the continuum avoids absorption saturation and produces optimal p-QWIP response. A suitable set of mid-IR samples was grown to test this conjecture and their photoresponse measured. The results indicate that absorption can be more than doubled through the use of the new p-QWIP designs. This result is explained by showing that the line of resonances in the continuum as a function of the in-plane wave vector eventually becomes a bound LH2 band in the well at some critical wave vector. Therefore, it is possible to avoid absorption saturation by matching this critical wave vector (i.e., well width and/or well depth) with the Felmi wave vector (i.e., doping in the well) for the desired QWIP (i.e., cutoff wavelength). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5-6 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00152-X PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 736GT UT WOS:000186163600004 ER PT J AU Serna, M AF Serna, M TI Single-pixel polarimeter: dielectric-gratings model and fabrication progress SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2002) CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL TURIN, ITALY ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; CAPABILITIES; COUPLER AB The single-pixel polarimeter design has been described in earlier work. The device consists of four (or more) multi-quantum-wells and gratings stacked above each other, and it measures instantaneously the incident light's polarization for a narrow wavelength band. The four active regions of the quanturn-wells are separated by linear gratings at different orientations. Electrical contact is made to each grating and to a bottom contact layer to measure four photocurrents. The device uses interference among the many light paths formed from multiple diffractions to encode in the four photocurrents the polarization state of the incident light. My previously reported computational model assumes the single-pixel polarimeter is fabricated with perfectly conducting gratings. Here, I present results from a model of the polarimeter with more realistic dielectric gratings. The model of the dielectric-grating polarimeter is compared to the model of the perfectly conducting grating polarimeter. Fabrication of the device may be accomplished by the etching of gratings followed by regrowth, or regrowth and chemical-mechanical polishing, or wafer-fusion. The different approaches to fabrication of this polarimeter will be compared, and our construction progress will be reviewed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Serna, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicle Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Serna, Mario/M-1226-2015 OI Serna, Mario/0000-0001-9650-6732 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5-6 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00165-8 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 736GT UT WOS:000186163600018 ER PT J AU Apostolova, T Huang, DH Cardimona, DA AF Apostolova, T Huang, DH Cardimona, DA TI Phonon-assisted normal incidence intersubband absorption in semiconductor quantum wells SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2002) CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL TURIN, ITALY DE normal; photon-induced; phonon-assisted; distribution; scattering and quantum-well ID SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE AB In the presence of a normally incident mid-IR pulsed laser field, phonon-assisted photon absorption by both intrasubband and intersubband phonon scattering of conduction electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells are predicted. The novel non-resonant and non-linear intersubband absorption is found by including the photon-induced phonon scattering process in a Boltzmann equation for phonon energies smaller than the energy separation between two electron subbands in the quantum well. The predicted phonon-assisted photon absorption by intersubband transitions of electrons from the first to the second subband is a unique feature in quantum-well systems and is expected to have a significant effect on the electron populations in both subbands. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Apostolova, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5-6 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00147-6 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 736GT UT WOS:000186163600019 ER PT J AU Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA AF Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA TI Modeling the capture probability and enhancing the photoconductive gain in quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2002) CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL TURIN, ITALY DE photoconductive gain; capture probability; continuum; tunneling barrier; scattering ID DARK CURRENT AB In this work consideration is given to the dynamics of carriers in the continuum/quantum well systems and how this relates to the photoconductive gain of quantum well infrared photodetectors. In particular the quantum mechanical scattering theory approach, taking into account e-LO phonon and e-e scattering is invoked to evaluate the capture probability from the continuum into the quantum wells. It is shown that the capture probability P, is dependent on the quantum well width. The capture probability microscopic model is then utilized to introduce an additional tunnel barrier to disturb the continuum levels near the top of the quantum well. This induction enabled us to investigate the double-barrier improvements in the photoconductive gain. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Microwaves & Photon, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gadir, MA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Microwaves & Photon, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5-6 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00168-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 736GT UT WOS:000186163600021 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Cardimona, DA TI Physics of non-adiabatic transport and field-domain effect in quantum-well infrared photodetectors SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2002) CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL TURIN, ITALY DE non-adiabatic; domain; hartree; distribution; tunneling; quantum-well ID TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB A previous theory for studying the distribution of non-uniform fields in multiple-quantum-well photodetectors under an ac voltage is generalized by including non-adiabatic space-charge-field effects. Numerical calculations indicate that field-domain effects are only important at high temperatures or high voltages when both injection and sequential-tunneling currents are significant. On the other hand, it is found that the non-adiabatic effects included in this generalized theory become significant at low temperatures and low voltages when field-domain effects are negligible. In order to explain the non-adiabatic charge-density fluctuations quantum-statistically, a non-adiabatic differential equation is derived based on the self-consistent Hartree model by using a shifted Fermi-Dirac model for the local fluctuation of electron distributions. The non-adiabatic effect is found to cause an "equilibrium" state variation with time under an ac voltage. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5-6 BP 487 EP 501 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00170-1 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 736GT UT WOS:000186163600022 ER PT J AU Le, DT Morath, CP Norton, HE Cardimona, DA Raghavan, S Rotella, P Stintz, SA Fuchs, B Krishna, S AF Le, DT Morath, CP Norton, HE Cardimona, DA Raghavan, S Rotella, P Stintz, SA Fuchs, B Krishna, S TI High responsivity, LWIR dots-in-a-well quantum dot infrared photodetectors SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2002) CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL TURIN, ITALY DE quantum dots; photodetectors; QDIP; DWELL ID TEMPERATURE; DETECTORS AB In this paper we report studies on normal incidence, InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) in the dots-in-a-well (DWELL) configuration. Three QDIP structures with similar dot and well dimensions were grown and devices were fabricated from each wafer. Of the three devices studied, the first served as the control, the second was grown with an additional 400 Angstrom AlGaAs blocking layer, and the third was grown on a GaAs n+ substrate with the intention of testing a single pass geometry. Spectral measurements on all three devices show one main peak in the long-wave IR (approximate to8 mum). The absorption was attributed to the bound-to-bound transition between the ground state of the InAs quantum dot and the ground state of the In0.15Ga0.85As well. Calibrated peak responsivity and peak detectivity measurements were performed on each device at 40, 60, and 80 K. For the same temperatures, frequency response measurements from similar to20 Hz to 4 kHz at a bias of V-b = -1 V were also performed. The addition of the blocking layer was shown to slightly enhance responsivity, which peaked at similar to2.4 A/W at 77 K, V-b = -1 V and responsivity was observed to be significantly reduced in the single pass (n+ substrate) sample. The rolloff of the frequency response was observed to be heavily dependent on temperature, bias, and irradiance. The results from the characterization of each sample are reported and discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Le, DT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009; Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5-6 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00171-3 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 736GT UT WOS:000186163600026 ER PT J AU Mayhew, JE Baughn, JW Byerley, AR AF Mayhew, JE Baughn, JW Byerley, AR TI The effect of freestream turbulence on film cooling adiabatic effectiveness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE adiabatic effectiveness; film cooling; freestream turbulence; liquid crystal ID COMPOUND ANGLE HOLES; DENSITY RATIO; INJECTION AB The film-cooling performance of a flat plate in the presence of low and high freestream turbulence is investigated using liquid crystal thermography. This paper contributes high-resolution color images that clearly show how the freestream turbulence spreads the cooling air around a larger area of the film-cooled surface. Distributions of the adiabatic effectiveness are determined over the film-cooled surface of the flat plate using the hue method and image processing. Three blowing rates are investigated for a model with three straight holes spaced three diameters apart, with density ratio near unity. High freestream turbulence is shown to increase the area-averaged effectiveness at high blowing rates, but decrease it at low blowing rates. At low blowing ratio, freestream turbulence clearly reduces the coverage area of the cooling air due to increased mixing with the main flow. However, at high blowing ratio, when much of the jet has lifted off in the low turbulence case, high freestream turbulence turns its increased mixing into an asset, entraining some of the coolant that penetrates into the main flow and mixing it with the air near the surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Engn Mech, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mayhew, JE (reprint author), Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Engn Mech, 5500 Wabash Ave, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 669 EP 679 DI 10.1016/S0142-727X(03)00081-X PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 721VR UT WOS:000185339600003 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR AF Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR TI Computation of three-dimensional nonlinear panel flutter SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE flutter; computation; turbulent boundary layers ID OSCILLATIONS; EQUATIONS; PLATE; FLOW AB A recently developed three-dimensional viscous aeroelastic solver is applied to the solution of nonlinear panel flutter. The solution scheme implicitly couples a well validated Navier-Stokes code with a finite-difference procedure for the Von Karman plate equations by employing a subiteration strategy. Both low supersonic, M-infinity= 1.2, and subsonic, M-infinity=0.95, cases are computed. For the supersonic case, the presence of either a laminar or turbulent boundary layer delays the onset of flutter, with higher flutter dynamic pressures resulting for thicker boundary layers. This effect is much less pronounced when the boundary layers are turbulent. In the subsonic case multiple solutions are obtained. The downwardly divergent solution displays a very complex interaction between the laminar boundary layer and the flexible panel that results in significant acoustic radiation from the vibrating panel. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Bldg 146,Room 225,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2003)16:4(155) PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 722ZU UT WOS:000185408600002 ER PT J AU Greenhill, B Valtier, S Cody, JT AF Greenhill, B Valtier, S Cody, JT TI Metabolic profile of amphetamine and methamphetamine following administration of the drug famprofazone SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; HUMANS C1 Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, AMEDD C&S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Grad Program Clin Lab Sci, Dept Clin Lab Sci, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. 59th Med Wing, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, AMEDD C&S, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 27 IS 7 BP 479 EP 484 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 728JW UT WOS:000185714900013 PM 14607003 ER PT J AU Cody, JT Valtier, S Nelson, SL AF Cody, JT Valtier, S Nelson, SL TI Amphetamine enantiomer excretion profile following administration of Adderall SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY EXCRETION; DEPENDENT SUBJECTS; METABOLISM; PH; METHAMPHETAMINE; KINETICS; RATIOS; BLOOD C1 Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 27 IS 7 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 728JW UT WOS:000185714900014 PM 14607004 ER PT J AU Rakov, VA Huffines, GR AF Rakov, VA Huffines, GR TI Return-stroke multiplicity of negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NEW-YORK; DETECTION NETWORK; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DISCHARGES; FEATURES AB The percentage of negative lightning flashes composed of a single stroke is examined. This percentage is estimated from data reported by the U. S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) for Florida and New Mexico and is compared with that determined from electric field and optical observations in these two states. The latter observations allowed a very accurate stroke count and, therefore, were used as the ground truth in the comparison. The percentage of negative single-stroke flashes reported by the NLDN is a factor of 2-3 higher than from the accurate-stroke-count studies in Florida (44% vs 17%) and is a factor of 3-4 higher in New Mexico (51% vs 14%). The observed discrepancies suggest that many small subsequent strokes are missed by the NLDN because these strokes fail to exceed the system's trigger threshold level so that only one stroke per flash is recorded in many multiple-stroke flashes. The percentage of negative single-stroke flashes reported by the Austrian lightning detection network is 40%, similar to the percentages reported by the NLDN for Florida and New Mexico. Percentages of single-stroke flashes determined from accurate-stroke-count studies in Sweden and Sri Lanka, which represent additional meteorologically distinct regimes, are 18% and 21%, respectively, in fair agreement with the Florida and New Mexico accurate-stroke-count studies. From comparison of the NLDN-reported and ground-truth data, it is possible to estimate the NLDN stroke and flash detection efficiencies. If the NLDN stroke detection efficiency were the same for both first and subsequent strokes, the percentage of single-stroke flashes and number of strokes per flash reported by the NLDN for Florida (44% and 2.4, respectively) would correspond to a stroke detection efficiency of about 40% and a flash detection efficiency of about 78%. A similar approach to the New Mexico data would yield a stroke detection efficiency of about 20% and a flash detection efficiency of about 62%. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rakov, VA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 553 Engn Bldg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Rakov, Vladimir/A-8775-2009 OI Rakov, Vladimir/0000-0002-4582-9483 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1455:RMONCL>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727NP UT WOS:000185665200009 ER PT J AU Strzhemechny, YM Nemergut, J Smith, PE Bae, J Look, DC Brillson, LJ AF Strzhemechny, YM Nemergut, J Smith, PE Bae, J Look, DC Brillson, LJ TI Remote hydrogen plasma processing of ZnO single crystal surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; P-TYPE ZNO; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ZINC-OXIDE FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GREEN LUMINESCENCE; EXCITON COMPLEXES; THIN-FILMS; BULK ZNO; DONOR AB We have studied the effects of remote hydrogen plasma treatment on the defect characteristics in single crystal ZnO. Temperature-dependent (9-300 K) and excitation intensity-dependent photoluminescence spectra reveal that H-plasma exposure of ZnO effectively suppresses the free-exciton transition and redistributes intensities in the bound-exciton line set and two-electron satellites with their phonon replicas. The resultant spectra after hydrogenation exhibit a relative increase in intensity of the I-4 (3.363 eV) peak, thought to be related to a neutral donor bound exciton, and a peak feature at 3.366 eV with a distinctly small thermal activation energy. Hydrogenation also produces a violet 100 meV wide peak centered at similar to3.15 eV. Remote plasma hydrogenation yields similar changes in room-temperature depth-dependent cathodoluminescence spectra: the emission intensity increases with hydrogenation mostly in the violet and near-ultraviolet range. Subsequent annealing at 450 degreesC within the same plasma environment completely restores both the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectra in the subband gap range. The appearance of another bound-exciton feature at 3.366 eV and a relative intensity increase of the donor-bound exciton at line I-4 with H-plasma exposure, and the reversibility with annealing of the spectral changes, indicate a direct link between hydrogen indiffusion and appearance of a shallow donor. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Strzhemechny, YM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 45 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 7 BP 4256 EP 4262 DI 10.1063/1.1606859 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723FC UT WOS:000185420900005 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, J Litton, CW Collins, TC Fitch, R Via, GD Gillespie, J Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Saxler, A AF Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, J Litton, CW Collins, TC Fitch, R Via, GD Gillespie, J Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Saxler, A TI Emission and reflection spectra from AlxGa1-xN/GaN single heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; RECOMBINATION AB Emission and reflection spectra from AlGaN/GaN single heterostructures grown on SiC substrates were investigated. Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) transitions were observed in both emission and reflection. The transitions are sharp, associated with the excited state of the 2DEG, reflect the conservation of the K-selection rule, and are excitonlike. The transitions are also associated with both the A- and B-valence bands. To verify the origin of the reflection and emission spectra, the top AlGaN layer was removed by reactive ion etching. After etching, only the excitonic reflection and emission spectra associated with GaN were observed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 7 BP 4263 EP 4266 DI 10.1063/1.1603954 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723FC UT WOS:000185420900006 ER PT J AU Wei, YJ Bae, J Gin, A Hood, A Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Tidrow, M AF Wei, YJ Bae, J Gin, A Hood, A Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Tidrow, M TI High quality type IIInAs/GaSb superlattices with cutoff wavelength similar to 3.7 mu m using interface engineering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; LASERS AB We report the most recent advance in the area of type II InAs/GaSb superlattices that have cutoff wavelength of similar to3.7 mum. With GaxIn1-x type interface engineering techniques, the mismatch between the superlattices and the GaSb (001) substrate has been reduced to <0.1%. There is no evidence of dislocations using the best examination tools of x-ray, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The full width half maximum of the photoluminescence peak at 11 K was similar to4.5 meV using an Ar+ ion laser (514 nm) at fluent power of 140 mW. The integrated photoluminescence intensity was linearly dependent on the fluent laser power from 2.2 to 140 mW at 11 K. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurement revealed a characteristic temperature of one T-1=245 K at sample temperatures below 160 K with fluent power of 70 mW, and T-1=203 K for sample temperatures above 180 K with fluent power of 70 and 420 mW. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Missile Def Agcy, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. RP Wei, YJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 10 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 7 BP 4720 EP 4722 DI 10.1063/1.1606506 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723FC UT WOS:000185420900079 ER PT J AU Pratt, DM Kihm, KD AF Pratt, DM Kihm, KD TI Binary fluid mixture and thermocapillary effeects on the wetting characteristics of a heated curved meniscus SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE binary; evaporation; heat transfer thermocapillary; thin films ID EVAPORATING LIQUIDS; PLATES AB An investigation has been conducted into the interactions of binary fluid mixtures (pentane [C5H12] coolant and decane [C10H22] additive) and thermocapillary effects on a heated, evaporating meniscus formed in a vertical capillary pore system. The experimental results show that adding decane, the secondary fluid that creates the concentration gradient, actually decreases the meniscus height to a certain level, but did increase the sustainable temperature gradient for the liquid-vapor interface, so did the heat transfer rate, delaying the onset of meniscus instability. The results have demonstrated that interfacial thermocapillary stresses arising from liquid-vapor interfacial temperature gradients, which is known to degrade the ability of the liquid to wet the pore, can be counteracted by introducing naturally occurring concentration gradients associated with distillation in binary fluid mixtures. Also theoretical predictions are presented to determine the magnitudes of both the thermocapillary stresses and the distillation-driven capillary stresses, and to estimate the concentration gradients established as a result of the distillation in the heated pore. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pratt, DM (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2003 VL 125 IS 5 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1115/1.1599372 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 728JR UT WOS:000185714500013 ER PT J AU Serna, M Cahill, K AF Serna, M Cahill, K TI Riemannian gauge theory and charge quantization SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE space-time symmetries; gauge symmetry; classical theories of gravity; differential and algebraic geometry ID ELECTRIC-CHARGE; MAJORANA NEUTRINO; FIELDS; MANIFOLDS; GEOMETRY; SPHERE AB In a traditional gauge theory, the matter fields phi(alpha) and the gauge fields A(mu)(c) are fundamental objects of the theory. The traditional gauge field is similar to the connection coefficient in the riemannian geometry covariant derivative, and the field-strength tensor is similar to the curvature tensor. In contrast, the connection in riemannian geometry is derived from the metric or an embedding space. Guided by the physical principal of increasing symmetry among the four forces, we propose a different construction. Instead of defining the transformation properties of a fundamental gauge field, we derive the gauge theory from an embedding of a gauge fiber F=R-n or F=C-n into a trivial, embedding vector bundle (F) over tilde =R-N or (F) over tilde =C-N where N>n. Our new action is symmetric between the gauge theory and the riemannian geometry. By expressing gauge-covariant fields in terms of the orthonormal gauge basis vectors, we recover a traditional, SO(n) or U(n) gauge theory. In contrast, the new theory has all matter fields on a particular fiber couple with the same coupling constant. Even the matter fields on a C-1 fiber, which have a U(1) symmetry group, couple with the same charge of +/-q. The physical origin of this unique coupling constant is a generalization of the general relativity equivalence principle. Because our action is independent of the choice of basis, its natural invariance group is GL(n, R) or GL(n, C). Last, the new action also requires a small correction to the general-relativity action proportional to the square of the curvature tensor. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM mariojr@alum.mit.edu; cahill@unm.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2003 IS 10 AR 054 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 761ML UT WOS:000187912500054 ER PT J AU Tan, SC Bai, Z Sun, H Mark, JE Arnold, FE Lee, CYC AF Tan, SC Bai, Z Sun, H Mark, JE Arnold, FE Lee, CYC TI Processing of microcellular foams from polybenzobisthiazole/polyetherketoneketone molecular composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMOPLASTIC FOAM; NUCLEATION; ADDITIVES AB This manuscript presents the results of a research project dealing with the processing of microcellular foams from molecular composites. The main goal of this work is the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of polymer-based foams. A variety of thermoplastic polymers have been evaluated with regard to the extent to which they can be formed into monolithic foams, and methods have been developed for toughening these foams. The primary mechanism for improving toughness and other mechanical properties is inclusion of rigid-rod polymers as dispersed phases. Both the thermoplastic host material and the molecular composites have been processed into the desired foams through extensions of the proprietary methods developed by Wright Materials Research Company. Part I of this series of papers presents the results of polybenzobisthiazole(PBZT)/ polyetherketoneketone(PEKK) microcellular foams. The results show that the incorporation of the oriented rigid-rod polymers into a host thermoplastic matrix has given large improvements in mechanical and thermal properties of the foam. The properties of primary interest for optimization are of a mechanical nature, and for the anticipated structural applications include modulus, ultimate strength, maximum compressibility, impact resistance, and toughness. The microstructural details of the foams, which were monitored via standard microscopic techniques, were correlated with some of their properties. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Wright Mat Res Co, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFOSR, NL, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Tan, SC (reprint author), Wright Mat Res Co, 1187 Richfield Ctr, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 19 BP 4013 EP 4019 DI 10.1023/A:1026218817102 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 732UB UT WOS:000185963000013 ER PT J AU Hughes, DH AF Hughes, DH TI Moment densities of propagating wave fields SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Matrix elements of formal differential operators for time and frequency are used to derive local centred conditional moments, or moment densities, for some representative propagating wave fields. The moment densities for one dynamical phase space variable are given as functions of its Fourier conjugate variable and other parameters, and are constrained and defined only by the signal used to compute them. The information thus consistently gained is the phase space track of the signal; its instantaneous frequency and group delay, dispersion about those local mean values, and higher order shape parameters for the distribution of each dynamical variable such as skew and kurtosis. Moment densities for laser pulses, acoustic resonances, and solitons are examined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Hughes, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD OCT-NOV PY 2003 VL 50 IS 15-17 BP 2475 EP 2494 DI 10.1080/0950034032000120920 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA 735LU UT WOS:000186116200017 ER PT J AU Young, RJ Albertini, JG AF Young, RJ Albertini, JG TI Atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Case report, review, and proposed molecular mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERNUMERARY RING CHROMOSOME; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BEDNAR TUMOR; SEQUENCES; VARIANT; PLAQUE AB We report a case of atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, an uncommon clinical variant. We discuss molecular and genetic mechanisms of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans tumorigenesis, review the literature on atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and pose a molecular mechanism for the atrophic variant's phenotype. We also describe using Mohs micrographic excision with CD34 immunostains on the frozen sections to definitively treat the tumor. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Young, RJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 761 EP 764 DI 10.1067/S0190-9622(03)00793-X PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 726NV UT WOS:000185606500038 PM 14512938 ER PT J AU Mogilevsky, P Hay, RS Boakye, EE Keller, KA AF Mogilevsky, P Hay, RS Boakye, EE Keller, KA TI Evolution of texture in rhabdophane-derived monazite coatings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; OXIDE COMPOSITES; COATED-FIBER; ALUMINA; STRENGTH AB Microstructure and texture development of fiber coatings of rhabdophane-sol-derived monazite was studied. As-deposited textures and orientation relationships during phase transformations were determined by TEM. Monazite coatings had a crystallographic texture relict from that of as-deposited rhabdophane, with layers of rod-shaped particles that changed orientation by 90degrees across layers. Heat treatment at 1200degreesC of minicomposites with these coated fibers caused considerable monazite grain coarsening, and disappearance of the texture. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mogilevsky, P (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1767 EP 1772 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 732CE UT WOS:000185922600019 ER PT J AU Willey, P Blanchard, A Glenner, RA Holland, TA Scott, DD AF Willey, P Blanchard, A Glenner, RA Holland, TA Scott, DD TI Back to Little Bighorn SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Calif State Univ, Chico, CA 95929 USA. Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. Natl Pk Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. Midw Archaeol Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Willey, P (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Chico, CA 95929 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 134 IS 10 BP 1312 EP + PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 732ZJ UT WOS:000185975200010 PM 14620007 ER PT J AU Naterer, GF Camberos, JA AF Naterer, GF Camberos, JA TI Entropy and the second law in fluid flow and heat transfer simulation (vol 17, pg 360 2003) SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naterer, GF (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 543 EP 543 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 734MU UT WOS:000186060500018 ER PT J AU Carmack, DB Moed, BR Kingston, C Zmurko, M Watson, JT Richardson, M AF Carmack, DB Moed, BR Kingston, C Zmurko, M Watson, JT Richardson, M TI Identification of the optimal intercondylar starting point for retrograde femoral nailing: An anatomic study SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE femoral shaft fracture; retrograde; intramedullary nailing ID FRACTURES; SHAFT AB Background: Retrograde nailing of femoral shaft fractures is an effective and increasingly more popular method of fracture fixation. However, concern remains regarding the effect of the intercondylar entry-portal location on knee function. Methods: The optimal entry-portal location was identified in cadaver femurs. Approximating the clinical intraoperative situation, a threaded guidewire was inserted into each of 26 distal femur specimens and positioned in the center of the femoral shaft As determined by anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopic imaging. Each guidewire was then overdrilled with a 12-mm cannulated drill bit. All entry-portal locations were recorded relative to the posterior cruciate ligament attachment and the intercondylar groove and mapped relative to the known patellofemoral contact area. Results. The starting holes averaged 6.21 mm anterior to the posterior cruciate ligament attachment and 2.67 mm medial to the intercondylar groove. Overall, 100% of starting portals were located in safe areas relative to the patellofemoral contact area. Conclusions. In the vast majority of femurs, the optimal entry portal for retrograde femoral nailing (in line with the long axis of the femur) is located in the expected safe position, anterior to the posterior cruciate ligament insertion and slightly medial to center of the intercondylar groove. However, because of anatomic variability, the ideal starting position occasionally may be located in a patellofemoral contact area. Potential compromise of the patellofemoral contact area by the retrograde nail entry portal can and should be recognized before nailing, allowing the surgeon the option of altering the surgical technique. C1 USAF, C STARS, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Detroit, Ctr Hlth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Carmack, DB (reprint author), USAF, C STARS, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000088857.47194.7E PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 733GN UT WOS:000185991700021 PM 14566124 ER PT J AU Knight, DA Manifold, CA Blue, J King, JA AF Knight, DA Manifold, CA Blue, J King, JA TI A randomized, controlled trial comparing arteriovenous to venovenous rewarming of severe hypothermia in a porcine model SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Wilderness-Medical-Society CY AUG 07-11, 2001 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Wildrness Med Soc DE hypothermia; resuscitation; continuous arteriovenous rewarming (CAVR); continuous venovenous rewarming (CVVR); extracorporeal rewarming; hypothermia ID HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; TRAUMA PATIENTS AB Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate active rewarming using continuous arteriovenous rewarming (CAVR) and continuous venovenous rewarming (CVVR) methods during severe hypothermia using an electromagnetic fluid warmer. Rapid rewarming using these techniques is superior to passive rewarming and is possible with commercially available equipment. Methods: Eighteen swine (55-65 kg) were assigned to CAVR, CVVR, or control. Vascular access was obtained via central lines (8.5-French) in all subjects. Subjects were cooled to 27degreesC (80.6degreesF) in an ice bath, and then dried, covered, and connected to the rewarming device. The carotid artery (CAVR) or internal jugular vein (CVVR) was used for circuit inflow. Warmed 39degreesC (102.2degreesF) blood was returned via the femoral vein. Hemodynamic parameters and temperatures (pulmonary artery and rectal) were recorded until reaching an endpoint of a pulmonary artery temperature of 37degreesC (98.6degreesF). Results: Mean rewarming time in the CAVR group was 2 hours 14 minutes, with a mean rewarming rate of 4.5degreesC/h (8.1degreesF/h, 0.034degreesC/kg/h). Total circulating volume averaged 65 L. CVVR averaged 3 hours 8 minutes, with a mean rewarming rate of 3.2degreesC/h (5.8degreesF/h, 0.024degreesC/kg/h). Total circulating volume averaged 67 L. Controls averaged 10 hours 42 minutes, with a mean rate of 0.9degreesC/h (1.7degreesF/h, 0.007degreesC/kg/h). The CAVR group was faster than the CVVR group in both the rewarming rate and total time to rewarming (p = 0.034 and p = 0.040, respectively). Both experimental groups were significantly different from controls in rewarming rate and total time to rewarming (p < 0.001). Conclusions: CAVR offers the most rapid rate of rewarming. CVVR offers a rapid rate using less invasive procedures. Both techniques are markedly superior to passive rewarming methods typically used during early resuscitation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium E, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium E, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000085647.01817.E3 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 733GN UT WOS:000185991700030 PM 14566132 ER PT J AU Sampson, JB Davis, MR Mueller, DL Kashyap, VS Jenkins, DH Kerby, JD AF Sampson, JB Davis, MR Mueller, DL Kashyap, VS Jenkins, DH Kerby, JD TI A comparison of the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier HBOC-201 to other low-volume resuscitation fluids in a model of controlled hemorrhagic shock SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 15-18, 2003 CL FT MYERS, FLORIDA SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC); oxygen therapeutic; resuscitation; hypotension ID HYPERTONIC SALINE DEXTRAN; BLOOD SUBSTITUTES; HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK; CELL SUBSTITUTES; 7.5-PERCENT NACL; EMERGENCY-ROOM; SWINE MODEL; TRIAL; TRANSFUSION; TRANSPORT AB Background: The ideal resuscitation fluid for military applications would be effective at low volumes, thereby reducing logistical constraints. We have previously shown that the bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier HBOC-201 is an effective low-volume resuscitation fluid. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of RBOC-201 in comparison with other low-volume resuscitation fluids in a swine model of controlled hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Forty-two immature female Yorkshire swine (55-70 kg) were divided into seven groups of six. Animals were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 30 nun Hg. After 45 minutes, animals were resuscitated to a mean arterial pressure of 60 mm Hg with one of the following agents: hypertonic saline 7.5% (HTS), hypertonic saline 7.5%/Dextran-70 6% (HSD), pentastarch 6%, hetastarch 6%, or HBOC-201. Lactated Ringer's (LR) solution was used as a standard resuscitation control. Another group of animals received no resuscitation. Resuscitation was continued for 4 hours. Hemodynamic variables and oxygen consumption were measured continuously. Arterial and mixed venous blood gases and serum lactate levels were measured at intervals throughout the experiment. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test when appropriate. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results. Five of six animals in the no-resuscitation control group, six of six in the HTS group, and one animal in the HSD group died before completion of the study. All other animals survived to completion. Animals receiving resuscitation with HBOC-201 had significantly lower cardiac output, mixed venous oxygen saturation levels, and urinary output throughout the resuscitation period; however, there were no differences with regard to lactate, base excess, or oxygen consumption. Animals receiving HBOC-201 required significantly less fluid than any other group. Conclusion: In this model, hypotensive resuscitation with HBOC-201 restores tissue oxygenation and reverses anaerobic metabolism at significantly lower volumes when compared with HTS, HSD, pentastarch, or hetastarch solutions. These data suggest that HBOC-201 would be an effective primary resuscitation fluid for far-forward military or rural trauma settings where logistic constraints and prolonged transport times are common. However, when HBOC-201 is administered as a primary resuscitation fluid in hypotensive protocols, common clinical markers for determining adequacy of resuscitation may not be useful. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kerby, JD (reprint author), 701 S 19th St,LHRB 12, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000084519.47163.77 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 733GN UT WOS:000185991700031 PM 14566133 ER PT J AU Ortegon, DP Dixon, PS Crow, KK Mueller, DL Kerby, JD AF Ortegon, DP Dixon, PS Crow, KK Mueller, DL Kerby, JD TI The effect of the bovine hemoglobin oxygen therapeutic HBOC-201 on human neutrophil activation in vitro SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 15-18, 2003 CL FT MYERS, FLORIDA SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen therapeutics; neutrophil; oxidative burst; CD11b; resuscitation fluids; immunomodulation ID MULTIPLE-ORGAN FAILURE; HUMAN POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; CARRYING SOLUTION HBOC-201; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; RESUSCITATION; TRANSFUSION; TRIAL; CELLS AB Background. we previously demonstrated that HBOC-201 is an efficient resuscitation fluid. However, little is known about its immunomodulatory effects. The goal of this study, was to investigate human neutrophil activation after exposure to HBOC-201 and other low-volume resuscitation fluids. Methods: Whole blood from 10 healthy volunteers was serially diluted with HBOC-201, 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS), 7.5% hypertonic saline-6% dextran 70 (HSD), Hextend, or PentaLyte. After an incubation period, samples were analyzed for oxidative burst and CD11b expression using flow cytometry. Results: Increases in both CD11b and oxidative burst activity were noted in samples diluted with HBOC-201, Hextend, PentaLyte, and lactated Ringer's solution. Samples maximally diluted with HBOC-201 demonstrated increased CD11b expression when compared with lactated Ringer's solution and Hextend (196.11% vs. 22.68% and 33.97 %; p = 0.018 and p = 0.033). Conclusion: Although differences were noted only at the highest dilutions, further studies investigating the effects of HBOC-201 are warranted. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Surg Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kerby, JD (reprint author), 859 MSGS MCSG,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000085722.52921.6D PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 733GN UT WOS:000185991700032 PM 14566134 ER PT J AU Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH AF Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH TI Experimental demonstration of maximum mistuned bladed disk forced response SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID VIBRATION; MODE AB A theory was previously developed for predicting robust maximum forced response in mistuned bladed disks from distortion of a structural mode. This paper describes an experiment to demonstrate the theory. A bladed disk is designed to be sufficiently sensitive to mistuning to obtain maximum response. The maximum amplitude magnification from mistuning is predicted using the theory, 1.918. The bladed disk is intentionally mistuned to obtain the maximum response, and the response to an engine order traveling wave excitation is measured. The measured amplitude magnification is in close agreement with the theory. The robustness of the maximum response is demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kenyon, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 673 EP 681 DI 10.1115/1.1624847 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 756AM UT WOS:000187443700008 ER PT J AU Kropas-Hughes, CV AF Kropas-Hughes, CV TI Data fusion for NDT: What, where, why and how SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kropas-Hughes, CV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1118 EP 1120 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 728TX UT WOS:000185733400004 ER PT J AU Yuan, FG Pagano, NJ AF Yuan, FG Pagano, NJ TI Size scales for accurate homogenization in the presence of severe stress gradients SO MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; COMPOSITES AB The influence of fibrous microstructure on the response of a composite laminate is examined. The free edge problem originally studied by Pagano and Rybicki [1] is used as the mechanism for this solution. The study examines scale effects in some detail and concludes that, in this class of problems for a realistic range of size parameters and fiber volume fractions, a primitive form of multiscale model is sufficient to capture local details of the microstress distribution. We also point out some key problems that will further clarify and generalize the issues surrounding multiscale modeling of composite laminates. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Yuan, FG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yuan@eos.ncsu.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6494 J9 MECH ADV MATER STRUC JI Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1080/15376490390231836 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 729HZ UT WOS:000185768900005 ER PT J AU Bents, RT Metz, JP Topper, SM AF Bents, RT Metz, JP Topper, SM TI Traumatic extensor tendon dislocation in a boxer: A case study SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE boxer's knuckle; metacarpophalangeal joint; hand; sagittal bands ID METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT; KNUCKLE AB An elite collegiate boxer developed extensor tendon subluxation in the small finger of his dominant right hand. He was thought to have a radial sagittal band disruption and was allowed to complete his season with custom padding. Surgical exploration revealed intact sagittal bands with divergent dislocation of the two extensor tendons to the small finger with underlying capsular rupture. These lesions were repaired and he successfully returned to boxing. Soft tissue injuries to the dorsal MCP joint may involve the collateral ligaments, the sagittal bands, the extensor tendons, or the joint capsule. Symptoms usually involve persistent pain, swelling, and tendon subluxation or dislocation. Accurate recognition and treatment is crucial as nonoperative treatment is generally unsuccessful and surgical reconstruction is required for optimal return to function. C1 USAF Acad, Orthoped Clin, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. JFK Hosp, Edison, NJ USA. Rampart Hand Clin, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Bents, RT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Orthoped Clin, 4102 Pinion Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1645 EP 1647 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000089340.89660.EB PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 729CX UT WOS:000185754800004 PM 14523299 ER PT J AU Benedek, R Seidman, DN Woodward, C AF Benedek, R Seidman, DN Woodward, C TI Theory of interface properties for carbide precipitates in TiAl SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Structural Intermetallics CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; ENERGY; METALS; ALLOYS; CARBON; AG AB Among the additives to TiAl alloys that have been investigated in recent years with the objective of improving high-temperature mechanical properties, particular attention has been given to carbon, which forms the carbide precipitates Ti3AlC (cubic perovskite) and Ti2AlC (hexagonal). Using the first-principles density-functional-theory code VASP, calculations of host-precipitate interface energies were performed for these two carbides. Calculations were first applied to coherent interfaces to determine the favored termination layers and parallel translation states. For the favored interface configurations, a correction is applied for the effect of misfit, to obtain an estimated interface energy for semicoherent interfaces. The correction is based on an approximate formulation recently presented by the authors. The perovskite is found to have a lower interface energy than the hexagonal phase, consistent with the experimental finding that the former nucleates homogeneously and the latter inhomogeneously. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL USA. RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 34A IS 10 BP 2097 EP 2101 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0274-y PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 728PK UT WOS:000185725400007 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Knisley, SL Fagin, PN Zhang, F Barker, DR AF Semiatin, SL Knisley, SL Fagin, PN Zhang, F Barker, DR TI Microstructure evolution during alpha-beta heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATE PLATES; DIFFUSION; KINETICS; GROWTH; FLOW AB A framework for the prediction and control of microstructure evolution during heat treatment of wrought alpha/beta titanium alloys in the two-phase field was established via carefully controlled induction heating trials on Ti-6Al-4V and accompanying mathematical modeling based on diffusion-controlled growth. Induction heat treatment consisted of heating to and soaking at a peak temperature T-p = 955 degreesC, controlled cooling at a fixed rate of 11 degreesC/min, 42 degreesC/min, or 194 degreesC/min to a variety of temperatures, and final water quenching. Post-heat-treatment metallography and quantitative image analysis were used to determine the volume fraction of primary (globular) alpha and the nucleation sites/growth behavior of the secondary (platelet) alpha formed during cooling. The growth of the primary alpha during cooling was modeled using an exact solution of the diffusion equation which incorporated diffusion coefficients with a thermodynamic correction for the specific composition of the program material and which took into account the large supersaturations that developed during the heat-treatment process. Agreement between measurements and model predictions was excellent. The model was also used to establish a criterion for describing the initiation and growth of secondary alpha as a function of supersaturation, diffusivity, and cooling rate. The efficacy of the modeling approach was validated by additional heat treatment trials using a peak temperature of 982 degreesC. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 18 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 7 U2 38 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 34A IS 10 BP 2377 EP 2386 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0300-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 728PK UT WOS:000185725400033 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Goetz, RL Miller, JD Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Goetz, RL Miller, JD Semiatin, SL TI The effect of stress state on cavity initiation during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; CAVITATION; WORKABILITY; PRESSURE; FAILURE; ALLOYS C1 S&B, SA, Athens 10672, Greece. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), S&B, SA, Athens 10672, Greece. EM p.nicolaou@s.andb.gr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 34A IS 10 BP 2397 EP 2400 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0302-y PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 728PK UT WOS:000185725400035 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Keas, JR Fonseca, VP Phillips, CJ Chao, SY AF Robbins, AS Keas, JR Fonseca, VP Phillips, CJ Chao, SY TI One-year costs of increased screening and treatment for breast cancer in the Air Force Medical Service SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHORT-TERM; MAMMOGRAPHY; AGE AB The Air Force Medical Service is attempting to increase the screening mammography rate among women enrolled to U.S. Air Force military treatment facilities from 72% to 86% (a 20% relative increase). A study was performed to estimate the costs (from testing and first-year treatment) of this targeted increase. We estimated additional 1-year costs using two approaches referred to as the Primary Care Optimization (PCO) approach and the TRICARE Prime benefit (TPB) approach. Under the PCO approach, women ages 50 years are screened every 2 years, whereas under the TPB approach, women are screened every 2 years from ages 40 to 49 years and annually beginning at age 50 years. As of December 31, 2000, 68,360 women ages 40 to 49 years and 70,563 women ages 50 to 69 years were enrolled to U.S. Air Force military treatment facilities. Additional 1-year costs (and additional cases detected by screening) were estimated at $447,096 for the PCO approach (58 additional cases) and $1,340,140 for the TPB approach (72 additional cases). Compared with the PCO approach, under the TPB approach, the 1-year costs of increased screening and treatment for breast cancer at U.S. Air Force military treatment facilities would be three times higher, but the number of additional cases detected by screening would be only 24% higher. C1 USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Populat Hlth Support Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Populat Hlth Support Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 168 IS 10 BP 784 EP 788 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LL UT WOS:000186403800006 PM 14620639 ER PT J AU Copley, GB Smith, GS Grayson, JK Gibson, RL AF Copley, GB Smith, GS Grayson, JK Gibson, RL TI Comparison of two sources of US Air Force injury mortality data SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MILITARY; AGREEMENT AB Is the military's casualty (mortality) reporting system a reliable surrogate for International Classification of Diseases-coded death certificate information? To answer this question, the investigators compare official casualty data to the Air Force Mortality Registry for injury-related deaths occurring in 1991-1997. The investigators first derived International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Supplementary Classification of External Causes of Injury. and Poisoning (E) codes for each death from casualty data and then compared the precision of those codes with the registry's E codes derived and medically coded from death certificates and autopsy reports. Sixty-five percent of registry E codes were "precise" vs. 35% from casualty data. The registry listed nonspecific E codes for 1% (12 deaths) vs. 6% (81 deaths) for casualty data. Unlike casualty data, the registry included expectant deaths that occurred within 120 days after medical retirement. The study concludes that casualty information compares poorly with that of the registry. Air Force Mortality Registry data should be used instead of casualty data for epidemiological research. C1 USAF, Safety Ctr, Epidemiol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Liberty Ctr Safety Res, Hopkinton, MA 01748 USA. USAF, Inst Hlth, Epidemiol Serv Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Clin & Program Policy, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Copley, GB (reprint author), USAF, Safety Ctr, Epidemiol Branch, G Ave SE,Bldg 24499, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Smith, Gordon/0000-0002-2911-3071 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 168 IS 10 BP 792 EP 796 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LL UT WOS:000186403800008 PM 14620641 ER PT J AU Topley, DK Schmelz, J Henkenius-Kirschbaum, J Horvath, KJ AF Topley, DK Schmelz, J Henkenius-Kirschbaum, J Horvath, KJ TI Critical care nursing expertise during air transport SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to describe the practical knowledge possessed by registered nurses that are part of the Air Force's Critical. Care Air Transport Team (CCATT) and distinguish salient features of CCATT knowledge to critical care nursing in the hospital. This research study used descriptive, exploratory methods. Twelve CCATT nurses, identified as experts, were included in the study. Data were collected using written narratives by each participant; group interviews in which nurses discussed the written narratives; and individual interviews. Data were analyzed using interpretive phenomenology. Four major themes developed from the data. The knowledge embedded in CCATT nursing included: preflight preparation, in-flight assessment and environment, characteristics of CCATT nurse, and hospital vs. in-flight nursing practice. CCATT nurses improvise and provide nursing care based on past experiences using a broad critical care knowledge base. This has led to the development of a unique body of knowledge for nursing care. The areas of assessment and preparation described by the CCATT nurses can serve as a template for the Air Force's CCATT training program and CCATT orientation checklists. This study also identified several topics for future research. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Topley, DK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Berquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 168 IS 10 BP 822 EP 826 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LL UT WOS:000186403800014 PM 14620647 ER PT J AU McAvin, JC McConathy, MA Rohrer, AJ Huff, WB Barnes, WJ Lohman, KL AF McAvin, JC McConathy, MA Rohrer, AJ Huff, WB Barnes, WJ Lohman, KL TI A real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the identification of Yersinia pestis using a field-deployable thermocycler SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DNA MICROARRAYS; BIOTERRORISM; EXTRACTION; WARFARE; AGENTS; PLAGUE AB Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction is a microbial identification method that can provide rapid and accurate results using a field-deployable thermocycler, the RAPID ("ruggedized" advanced pathogen identification device). A Yersinia pestis-specific TaqMan assay required approximately 75 minutes and achieved a sensitivity of 100 fg of Y. pestis genomic DNA (20 genome equivalents). Specificity testing against a genomic DNA cross-reaction panel comprised of 22 bacterial species encountered in the respiratory tract resulted in no false positives. No c ross-reaction occurred with human genomic DNA. C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Mol Epidemiol Branch, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, IERA, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP McAvin, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Mol Epidemiol Branch, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 168 IS 10 BP 852 EP 855 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LL UT WOS:000186403800021 PM 14620654 ER PT J AU Katz, JS Rando, TA Barohn, RJ Saperstein, DS Jackson, CE Wicklund, M Amato, AA AF Katz, JS Rando, TA Barohn, RJ Saperstein, DS Jackson, CE Wicklund, M Amato, AA TI Late-onset distal muscular dystrophy affecting the posterior calves SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article DE calf myopathy; dysferlin; dystrophin; Miyoshi myopathy; muscular dystrophy ID MIYOSHI MYOPATHY; DYSFERLIN; GENE; MUTATIONS; PROTEIN; LINKAGE; FAMILY AB Miyoshi myopathy, caused by mutations in the membrane protein dysferlin, is the most common muscular dystrophy that presents in the posterior calves. Its onset is before the age of 30 years and it is associated with marked elevations of serum creatine kinase (CK). In contrast, little is known about calf myopathies with onset after the age of 30, and it is not clear whether such patients have a dysferlinopathy. We describe five patients with a myopathy predominantly affecting the calf muscles, with onset after the age of 30. Muscle tissue was analyzed by immunoblot for dystrophin and dysferlin. All five had normal dysferlin but one had a dystrophinopathy. Serum CK levels ranged from 3 to 15 times the upper limit of normal. In contrast, all of 13 patients presenting before age 30 with calf weakness had a dysferlinopathy. Thus, isolated calf atrophy and weakness with onset after age 30, and associated with serum CK levels that are only moderately elevated, represents a distinct myopathy phenotype. Most of these cases are sporadic, although the overall phenotype appears genetically heterogeneous and dysferlinopathy is uncommon. C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Neurol 127, Dept Vet Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Katz, JS (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Neurol 127, Dept Vet Affairs, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD OCT PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1002/mus.10458 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 726RN UT WOS:000185613200006 PM 14506716 ER PT J AU Casebeer, WD AF Casebeer, WD TI Moral cognition and its neural constituents SO NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX; HUMAN AMYGDALA; JUDGMENT; DAMAGE; NEUROSCIENCE; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; FMRI AB Identifying the neural mechanisms of moral cognition is especially difficult. In part, this is because moral cognition taps multiple cognitive sub-processes, being a highly distributed, whole-brain affair. The assumptions required to make progress in identifying the neural constituents of moral cognition might simplify morally salient stimuli to the point that they no longer activate the requisite neural architectures, but the right experiments can overcome this difficulty The current evidence allows us to draw a tentative conclusion: the moral psychology required by virtue theory is the most neurobiologically plausible. C1 USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFPY, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Casebeer, WD (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFPY, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 1A10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM William.casebeer@usafa.af.mil NR 41 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-003X J9 NAT REV NEUROSCI JI Nat. Rev. Neurosci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 4 IS 10 BP 840 EP 846 DI 10.1038/nrn1223 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 729HR UT WOS:000185768200019 PM 14523383 ER PT J AU Patterson, BM Lindstrom, CD Takekoshi, T Lowell, JR Villarreal, C Knize, RJ AF Patterson, BM Lindstrom, CD Takekoshi, T Lowell, JR Villarreal, C Knize, RJ TI Measurement of atomic lifetimes with a mode-locked laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CESIUM AB We present a new. technique for measuring atomic lifetimes with a mode-locked laser. A single laser pulse excites the atoms and a subsequent frequency-doubled pulse ionizes the excited-state atoms. The ions are collected and counted. The measurement is repeated using excitation and detection pulses with different time separations, which determines the excited-state decay rate. We demonstrated this,technique for the 6P(3/2) state of cesium. The measured lifetime was 30.5 ns and had a statistical uncertainty of 0.1 ns. Systematic effects limited the overall experimental uncertainty to similar to0.6 ns in this initial experiment. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Patterson, BM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 19 BP 1814 EP 1816 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001814 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 723MQ UT WOS:000185436500028 PM 14514110 ER PT J AU Lafrentz, JR Brietzke, SE Mair, EA AF Lafrentz, JR Brietzke, SE Mair, EA TI Evaluation of palatal snoring surgery in an animal model SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Midwinter Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Otolaryngology CY FEB 13-18, 1999 CL ST PETERSBURG, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Otolaryngol ID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; LASER-ASSISTED UVULOPALATOPLASTY; INJECTION SNOREPLASTY; STIFFENING OPERATION; COMPLICATIONS AB OBJECTIVE. We introduce an animal model to reproduce and measure palatal snoring and to assess the effectiveness of cautery-assisted palatal stiffening operation and injection snoreplasty versus a control (no palatal intervention) on treatment of palatal flutter snoring. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: An anesthetized laboratory canine model uses 2 simultaneous temporary tracheotomies. An inferior tracheotomy is cannulated with an endotracheal tube for ventilation. A superior tracheotomy is cannulated with a tube passed cephalad and seated in the hypopharynx. Negative pressure applied to the upper tube leads to partial collapse of the upper airway with palatal fluttering, and the anesthetized dog snores. Videostroboscopy records palatal flutter frequency before and after surgical intervention. Preoperative and postoperative palatal assessments are made on 15 beagles. RESULTS: Cautery-assisted palatal stiffening operation and injection snoreplasty objectively stiffen the canine soft palate with diminished snoring compared with controls. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE. We provide a reproducible animal model to experimentally measure new interventions to treat palatal flutter snoring. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 129 IS 4 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(03)01389-5 PG 10 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 733XM UT WOS:000186026000006 PM 14574287 ER PT J AU Ree, MJ Carretta, TR Earles, JA AF Ree, MJ Carretta, TR Earles, JA TI Salvaging construct equivalence through equating SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE confirmatory factor analysis; construct equivalence; equating; impact analysis ID OFFICER QUALIFYING TEST; RANGE RESTRICTION; TESTS AB Turban, Sanders, Francis, and Osburn (1989) provided a two-step procedure for selecting a replacement for a currently used test without an expensive validation study. The two steps are confirmatory factor analysis and impact analysis. We evaluated this two-step procedure and found that it was possible to apply it and find that the replacement test was not acceptable. We provide an example of just such a negative outcome that was salvaged by the extra step of equipercentile equating. This step, added to Turban et al., required no additional investment other than an equating analysis on the extant data. We caution that equating does not create construct equivalence, but is a necessary procedure when tests measure identical constructs with differing distributional shapes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA. USAF, Res Lab Human Effect Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Occupat Measurement Squadron, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. RP Ree, MJ (reprint author), Our Lady Lake Univ, 411 SW 24th St, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1293 EP 1305 AR PII S0191-8869(02)00350-1 PG 13 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 732WP UT WOS:000185968800007 ER PT J AU Haugan, T Barnes, PN Brunke, L Maartense, I Murphy, J AF Haugan, T Barnes, PN Brunke, L Maartense, I Murphy, J TI Effect of O-2 partial pressure on YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin film growth by pulsed laser deposition SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBa2Cu3O7-delta; oxygen pressure; pulsed laser deposition; HTS thin films ID TARGET-SUBSTRATE DISTANCE; OXYGEN-PRESSURE; CU-O; CONTACTS; YBCO AB YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films were processed by pulsed laser deposition on (100) LaAlO3 substrates using O-2 partial pressures from 120 to 1200 mTorr. The effect of O-2 pressure on film properties including room temperature resistivities and microstructures was studied for a unique set of deposition parameters. The film quality was observed to remain high over a wide range of O-2 partial pressures, with much less sensitivity to O-2 pressure than previous studies which are compared. For O-2 pressures from 200 to 1200 mTorr, superconducting transition temperatures consistently reached values >91.5 K and transport critical current densities were 3-5 MA/cm(2) (77 K, self-field). It is proposed that less sensitivity of film properties to O-2 pressure is achieved by: (1) reducing the particle velocity of the plume below a critical threshold, and (2) using a deposition temperature of 785 degreesC for adequate surface activation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2645 5th St,Ste 13, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 397 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)01088-8 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 732ZP UT WOS:000185975700007 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Bailey, WF Ruffin, SM AF Josyula, E Bailey, WF Ruffin, SM TI Reactive and nonreactive vibrational energy exchanges in nonequilibrium hypersonic flows SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BLUNT-BODY; ANHARMONIC-OSCILLATORS; EXPANDING FLOWS; RELAXATION; DISSOCIATION; NITROGEN; MOLECULES AB The generalized depletion equations, considering state-to-state kinetics of dissociating nitrogen, were solved to predict the extent of vibrational depletion for 4000 and 6000 K. Two different vibrational transition rate sets were used in the depletion analysis. One was based on the Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld (SSH) theory and the other based on the analytical methods of Capitelli, Billing, Fisher, Doroshenko and co-workers. Transition rates based on the SSH theory predicted a lower depletion due to very high rates in the upper levels. With the objective of delineating the vibration-vibration (V-V) exchanges and vibration-translation (V-T) transfers in nonreactive, vibrationally excited gas dynamic flows, the flowfield simulations of blunt body and expanding nozzles were performed. For vibrational cooling cases (where vibrational temperature is greater than translational temperature) of flow past blunt body and the nozzle flows, the population distribution showed the Treanor-like distribution only at low translational temperatures. This non-Boltzmann behavior and the corresponding low state densities establish the dominance of the V-T energy transfers and the relatively minor role of V-V exchanges for hypersonic gasdynamic flows. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VAAC, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2003 VL 15 IS 10 BP 3223 EP 3235 DI 10.1063/1.1608013 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 720PB UT WOS:000185268200039 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF Cowley, SWH Lester, M AF Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF Cowley, SWH Lester, M TI Spontaneous and driven cusp dynamics: Optical aurora, particle precipitation, and plasma convection SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dayside aurora; particle precipitation; plasma convection; solar wind-magnetosphere interaction ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; IMF B-Y; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; POLAR CUSP; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; REVERSE CONVECTION; ION PRECIPITATION AB In this report we describe two different aspects of the dynamical behaviour of the cusp aurora which we refer to as ( I) spontaneous and (2) directly driven events. respectively. The first aspect consists of a series of auroral activations/expansions observed during steady interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind plasma conditions. This aspect we attribute to reconnection transients at the dayside magnetopause (flux transfer events). Applying a combination of ground and satellite observations, we document the auroral, particle precipitation, plasma convection. and field-aligned current signatures of these events. Emphasis is placed on the spatio-temporal evolution of the auroral and plasma convection events (pulsed ionospheric flows; PIFs) in the cusp ionosphere. Thus, we are able to document the multi-phase association between auroral brightenings/poleward moving auroral forms (PMAFs) and PIFs. Characteristic Cusp ion steps (energy versus latitude profile) are observed during north-south traversals of the cusp by spacecraft Polar and DMSP F13 at the time of PMAFs. From the gound-satellite conjunction studies we infer the stepped cusp to be due to the traversal through a sequence of poleward-propagating open flux tubes originating in a pulsed magnetopause reconnection process. The region of the cusp ion steps is shown to be permeated by fine structure in the electron precipitation comprising a broad energy spectrum (30-600 eV). This observation accounts for the long auroral rays, spanning much of the altitude range 120-500 km, which are so typical for the cusp region. The second aspect of cusp dynamics consists of rapid transitions in the auroral configuration which are directly driven by abrupt changes in the external conditions, mainly northward and southward rotations of the IMF vector. Focus is placed on the rapidity of the transitions in the IMF-magnetosphere interconnection topology. The presence of a bifurcated (hybrid) cusp, with 1-5 keV auroral arcs excited at its poleward boundary. is documented during the northward IMF (clock angle range 45-70degrees) phase of one transition. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NC USA. USAF, Res Lab, Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Sandholt, PE (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, Oslo, Norway. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 797 EP 812 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00114-4 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 740WK UT WOS:000186425100009 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Dean, D Jordan, K Price, G Vaia, R AF Ganguli, S Dean, D Jordan, K Price, G Vaia, R TI Chernorheology of cyanate ester - organically layered silicate nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE chemorheolog; polymer-clay nanocomposites; silicate nanocomposites ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY AB The effect of nanoparticle addition on the flow and curing behavior of a phenolic triazine cyanate ester resin system has been studied using chemorheological, thermal and spectroscopic techniques. While the neat system exhibited Newtonian flow, the nanodispersed prepolymer exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior, typical of polymeric fluids such as gels and pastes. Evolution of the morphology during curing has been found to be dependent on the rate of intergallery diffusion of the prepolymer and subsequent gelation and vitrification, as well as the intra and extragallery cure kinetics. Curing reactions of the cyanate ester nanocomposite system consisting of a di-functional phenol, a halogen cyanate and organically layered silicates were studied. Gel times were measured as a function of temperature by time sweeps on a controlled stress rheometer. Gelation and vitrification times and activation energies for the nanocomposite systems were lower than that of the neat resins, indicating a catalytic effect of the clays on the curing reaction. Curing kinetics experiments performed on DSC and FTIR confirmed this phenomenon. Based on above experiments, time - temperature-transformation diagrams for the different systems were constructed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Raytheon Elect Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Dean, D (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee Ctr Adv Mat, 101 Chappie James Ctr, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT PY 2003 VL 44 IS 22 BP 6901 EP 6911 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.08.031 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 730NY UT WOS:000185837900018 ER PT J AU Taccetti, JM Intrator, TP Wurden, GA Zhang, SY Aragonez, R Assmus, PN Bass, CM Carey, C deVries, SA Fienup, WJ Furno, I Hsu, SC Kozar, MP Langner, MC Liang, J Maqueda, RJ Martinez, RA Sanchez, PG Schoenberg, KF Scott, KJ Siemon, RE Tejero, EM Trask, EH Tuszewski, M Waganaar, WJ Grabowski, C Ruden, EL Degnan, JH Cavazos, T Gale, DG Sommars, W AF Taccetti, JM Intrator, TP Wurden, GA Zhang, SY Aragonez, R Assmus, PN Bass, CM Carey, C deVries, SA Fienup, WJ Furno, I Hsu, SC Kozar, MP Langner, MC Liang, J Maqueda, RJ Martinez, RA Sanchez, PG Schoenberg, KF Scott, KJ Siemon, RE Tejero, EM Trask, EH Tuszewski, M Waganaar, WJ Grabowski, C Ruden, EL Degnan, JH Cavazos, T Gale, DG Sommars, W TI FRX-L: A field-reversed configuration plasma injector for magnetized target fusion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGING FLUX CONSERVER; THETA-PINCH; COMPRESSION; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We describe the-experiment and technology leading to a target plasma for the magnetized target fusion research effort, an approach to fusion wherein a plasma with embedded magnetic fields is formed and subsequently adiabatically compressed to fusion conditions. The target plasmas under consideration, field-reversed configurations (FRCs), have the required closed-field-line topology and are translatable and compressible. Our goal is to form high-density (10(17) cm(-3)) FRCs on the field-reversed experiment-liner (FRX-L) device, inside a 36 cm long, 6.2 cm radius theta coil, with 5 T peak magnetic field and an azimuthal electric field as high as 1 kV/cm. FRCs have been formed with an equilibrium density n(e) approximate to (1 to 2) X 10(16) cm(-3), T-e + T-i approximate to 250 eV, and excluded flux approximate to2 to 3 mWb. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Taccetti, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 43 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 74 IS 10 BP 4314 EP 4323 DI 10.1063/1.1606534 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 730RW UT WOS:000185844800011 ER PT J AU Luo, B Mehandru, R Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Gotthold, D Birkhahn, R Peres, B Fitch, RC Moser, N Gillespie, JK Jessen, GH Jenkins, TJ Yannuzi, MJ Via, GD Crespo, A AF Luo, B Mehandru, R Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Gotthold, D Birkhahn, R Peres, B Fitch, RC Moser, N Gillespie, JK Jessen, GH Jenkins, TJ Yannuzi, MJ Via, GD Crespo, A TI Improved dc and power performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with Sc2O3 gate dielectric or surface passivation SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE MOS-HEMT; AlGaN/GaN; Sc2O3; power-added efficiency ID FIELD-EFFECT-TRANSISTORS; GAN METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR; LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; OXIDE; HEMTS; TEMPERATURE; DIODES; MGO AB The dc and power characteristics of AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with Sc2O3 gate dielectrics were compared with that of conventional metal-gate HEMTs fabricated oil the same material. The MOS-HEMT shows higher saturated drain-source current (similar to0.75 A/mm) and significantly better power-added efficiency (PAE, 27%) relative to the HEMT (similar to0.6 A/mm and similar to5%). The Sc2O3 also provides effective surface passivation, with higher drain Current, lower leakage Currents and higher three-terminal breakdown voltage in passivated devices relative to unpassivated devices. The PAE also increases (from similar to5% to 12%) on the surface passivated HEMTs, showing that Sc2O3 is an attractive option for reducing gate and surface leakage in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure transistors. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EMCORE Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Gotthold, David/D-1086-2011; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI Gotthold, David/0000-0002-3990-6614; NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1781 EP 1786 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00138-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 718DG UT WOS:000185129400030 ER PT J AU Gillespie, JK Fitch, RC Moser, N Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A Mastro, MA Tsvetkov, D Soukhoveev, V Usikov, A Dmitriev, V Luo, B Pearton, SJ Ren, F AF Gillespie, JK Fitch, RC Moser, N Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A Mastro, MA Tsvetkov, D Soukhoveev, V Usikov, A Dmitriev, V Luo, B Pearton, SJ Ren, F TI Uniformity of dc and rf performance of MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTS on HVPE-grown buffers SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; FREESTANDING GAN; POWER; PASSIVATION; FABRICATION; SUBSTRATE; DEVICES; LAYERS; SC2O3 AB AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on 2 in. diameter GaN buffer layers grown by hydride vapor epitaxy (HVPE) on sapphire substrates. HEMTs with 1 mum gate length displayed excellent dc and rf performance uniformity with up to 258 separate devices measured for each parameter. The drain-source saturation current was 561 mA with a standard deviation of 1.9% over the 2 in. diameter, with a corresponding transconductance of 118 +/- 3.9 mS/mm. The threshold voltage was -5.3 +/- 0.07 V. The rf performance uniformity was equally good, with an f(T) of 8.6 +/- 0.8 GHz and f(max) of 12.8 +/- 2.5 GHz. The results show the excellent uniformity of the MBE technique for producing AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and also the ability of HVPE to provide high quality buffers at low cost. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. TDI Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1859 EP 1862 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00140-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 718DG UT WOS:000185129400043 ER PT J AU Linster, B AF Linster, B TI Darwinian politics: The evolutionary origin of freedom SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Linster, B (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 70 IS 2 BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.2307/3648981 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 734XK UT WOS:000186083100017 ER PT J AU Ziss, DR Stowers, A Feild, C AF Ziss, DR Stowers, A Feild, C TI Community-acquired pneumonia: Compliance with centers for medicare and medicaid services, national guidelines, and factors associated with outcome SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Forces Pharmacy Seminar CY NOV 01, 2001 CL Orlando, FL ID INITIAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; MANAGEMENT; ADULTS; DIAGNOSIS; CARE; RESISTANT; SEVERITY; QUALITY AB Background: This study was performed to evaluate the impact of adherence to national guidelines for management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on patient Outcomes. Methods: Compliance with published national guidelines was assessed. Mortality rate and length of hospital stay were determined. Results: Patients who were administered antibiotics within 4 hours of admission had a shorter stay. Those treated at least 8 hours after admission had the highest mortality. Good compliance seen with 1998 guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America declined substantially when 2000 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines were evaluated. Pediatric compliance was difficult to evaluate. Documentation of vaccination screening and administration was poor. Conclusion: Antibiotic therapy should be started within 4 hours in patients with CAP. Using the most recent CAP guidelines as a benchmark may lower compliance unless providers are reeducated. National consensus guidelines for pediatric patients should be developed. Hospitals should evaluate documentation of vaccine screening and administration and should implement programs to increase vaccination rates if needed. C1 Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Pharm Res, Keesler AFB, MS USA. RP Ziss, DR (reprint author), 301 Fisher St,1A 132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM randy.ziss@keesler.af.mil NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 96 IS 10 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000051147.88941.FB PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831CP UT WOS:000222170800003 PM 14570338 ER PT J AU Braun, JT Ogilvie, JW Akyuz, E Brodke, DS Bachus, KN Stefko, RM AF Braun, JT Ogilvie, JW Akyuz, E Brodke, DS Bachus, KN Stefko, RM TI Experimental scoliosis in an immature goat model: A method that creates idiopathic-type deformity with minimal violation of the spinal elements along the curve SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE experimental scoliosis; idiopathic scoliosis; spine; posterior tether ID GROWING RABBITS; CHICKENS; ROTATION AB Study Design. Experimental scoliosis was created in an immature goat model. Objectives. To create a progressive, structural, idiopathic-type, lordoscoliotic curve convex to the right in the thoracic spine of the immature goat while maintaining the anterior and posterior elements of the spine along the maximal curve in a pristine state. Summary of Background Data. Progressive scoliotic curves in a small animal model have been created using a posterior asymmetric tether. However, attempts in larger animal models have had less success and typically required violation of the spinal elements. Methods. Scoliosis was created in 40 Spanish Cross X female goats ( age 1 - 2 months, weight 8 - 12 kg) using a left posterior asymmetric tether from T5 to L1. Convex rib resection and concave rib tethering from T8 to T13 were performed before compression across the rigid construct. Goats were followed over a 6- to 15-week period with serial radiographs to document progression of the deformity. Results. Of the 40 goats that underwent posterior assymetric tethering with rib procedures, 7 ( 18%) encountered substantial complications ( five deaths and two neurologic injuries). Of the 33 available for analysis, 27 goats (82%) developed progressive, structural, idiopathic-type, lordoscoliotic curves in convex to the right in the thoracic spine. All curves demonstrated characteristic radiographic features of idiopathic scoliosis including significant displacement of the apical vertebra from the midline, wedging of both the vertebral bodies and discs, rotation, and decreased flexibility. Initial scoliosis after posterior asymmetric tethering measured 42degrees on average ( range 33 - 50degrees) and progressed to 60degrees on average ( range 44 - 73degrees) over 6 to 15 weeks. The average progression of +18degrees (range 6 - 37degrees) was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusions. This study establishes an experimental model for scoliosis that creates progressive, structural, idiopathic-type, lordoscoliotic curves convex to the right in the thoracic spine of the immature goat with high statistical significance ( P < 0.001). In addition, this method of experimental scoliosis creation avoids violation of the spinal elements throughout the maximal portion of the curve providing an ideal opportunity subsequent study of the deformity. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Orthoped, Orthoped Bioengn Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Orthoped Surg, Minneapolis, MN USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Braun, JT (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Orthoped, Orthoped Bioengn Res Lab, 50 N Med Dr,Room 3B165, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. NR 50 TC 50 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 19 BP 2198 EP 2203 DI 10.1097/01.BRS.0000085095.37311.46 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 729DG UT WOS:000185755900003 PM 14520031 ER PT J AU Li, X Goodhue, WD Santeufeimio, C Tetreault, TG MacCrimmon, R Allen, LP Bliss, D Krishnaswami, K Sung, C AF Li, X Goodhue, WD Santeufeimio, C Tetreault, TG MacCrimmon, R Allen, LP Bliss, D Krishnaswami, K Sung, C TI Gas cluster ion beam processing of gallium antimonide wafers for surface and sub-surface damage reduction SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GaSb substrates; photovoltaic cell; GCIB AB In order to bring low-power epitaxy-based gallium antimonide (Gash) electronics and electro-optics to market, high-quality Gash substrates with smooth surfaces and no surface damage are required. Here, a novel final polishing technique, gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) processing, is shown to improve the surface finish of chemical-mechanical polished (CMP) 50 mm (1 0 0) Gash wafers by etching and smoothing CMP surface atoms through the sub-surface damage. For the first time, a fluorine-based gas cluster ion beam is reported for GCIB surface etching and smoothing of Gash material. For the selected processing sequence, the surface roughness of a high-quality, 0.70 nm RMS GaSb wafer was reduced to 0.18 nm RMS without any observed changes in the full-widths at half-maximum (FWHM) of the (4 0 0) and (I 1 1) X-ray peaks of 14 and 20 arcsec, respectively. Results indicate that the GCIB process did not contribute to wafer surface or sub-surface polish damage. In a second case, a GCIB etch removed 200 nm of material from a non-optimal CMP (10 0) Gash surface and reduced the full-width at half-maximum (I 1 1) X-ray peak from 76 to 52 arcsec in conjunction with a surface roughness decrease from 0.70 to 0.35 nm RMS. The data suggests that GCIB processing appears to be promising as a final Gash wafer polish with an etch rate compatible for large scale manufacturing. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Goodhue, WD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00681-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 724MN UT WOS:000185491500032 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Reeves, JM Wilson, JC Hunton, DE Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Lait, LR AF Lee, SH Reeves, JM Wilson, JC Hunton, DE Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Lait, LR TI Particle formation by ion nucleation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL FORMATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLUSTERS; CLIMATE; CLOUDS AB Unexpectedly high concentrations of ultra. ne particles were observed over a wide range of latitudes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Particle number concentrations and size distributions simulated by a numerical model of ion-induced nucleation, constrained by measured thermodynamic data and observed atmospheric key species, were consistent with the observations. These findings indicate that, at typical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere conditions, particles are formed by this nucleation process and grow to measurable sizes with sufficient sun exposure and low preexisting aerosol surface area. Ion-induced nucleation is thus a globally important source of aerosol particles, potentially affecting cloud formation and radiative transfer. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RI Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014 NR 29 TC 165 Z9 165 U1 9 U2 38 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 26 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5641 BP 1886 EP 1889 DI 10.1126/science.1087236 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 725GW UT WOS:000185536700045 PM 14512623 ER PT J AU Spowart, JE Miracle, DB AF Spowart, JE Miracle, DB TI The influence of reinforcement morphology on the tensile response of 6061/SiC/25p discontinuously-reinforced aluminum SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE discontinuously-reinforced aluminum; particle morphology; failure mechanism ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE; FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE; DEFORMATION; SHAPE; FLOW AB In order to study the effect of particle morphology on the tensile response of discontinuously-reinforced aluminum (DRA), two P/M 6061/SiC/25p materials were fabricated using established powder blending, compaction and extrusion techniques. One of the materials contained abrasive-grade SiC (F-600) whilst the second material was fabricated using a less angular SiC particulate with a lower aspect ratio, selected to give an overall higher bulk density (HBD) in the as-blended form. Care was taken to ensure that each material contained the same size and volume fraction of SiC particles, and that each material experienced an identical processing route. Mechanical testing was completed at ambient temperature, to measure the effect of particle morphology (F-600 vs. HBD) on both the elastic and plastic tensile response of the DRA. Specimens were tested in as-extruded (F), peak-aged (T6) and over-aged heat treatment (OA) conditions. The DRA produced with the HBD reinforcement consistently showed improved tensile elongation over the DRA containing the F-600 reinforcement, with the most significant effect being observed in the as-extruded (F) condition. The Considere criterion was used to show that different damage mechanisms may be operating in each material. Extensive microstructural and fractographic analyses were also carried out on the as-processed and as-tested specimens, using optical and electron microscopy. The dominant damage and failure mechanisms in each material are discussed in the light of these results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UES Inc, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMD,AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), UES Inc, AFRL, MLLM, Bldg 665,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 25 PY 2003 VL 357 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00244-2 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 711XV UT WOS:000184767100015 ER PT J AU Ren, WJ Nicholas, T AF Ren, WJ Nicholas, T TI Notch size effects on high cycle fatigue limit stress of Udimet 720 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE high cycle fatigue; stress concentration factor; Ni-base superalloy; U720, notch ID TI-6AL-4V AB Notch size effects on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) limit stress of Ni-base superalloy Udimet 720 were investigated on cylindrical specimens with three notch sizes of the same stress concentration factor K-iota = 2.74. The HCF limit stress corresponding to a life of 106 cycles was experimentally determined at a stress ratio of 0.1 and a frequency of 25 Hz at room temperature. The stresses were calculated using finite element analysis (FEA) and the specimens analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Test results show that at the same K-iota value, notch size can slightly affect the HCF limit stress of U720 when notch root plasticity occurs. FEA and SEM results reveal that the notch size effects are influenced by a complicated combination of the stress and plastic strain fields at the notch tip, the nominal stress, and the effects of prior plastic deformation on fatigue crack initiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, AFRL, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 25 PY 2003 VL 357 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00218-1 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 711XV UT WOS:000184767100018 ER PT J AU Moukalled, F Darwish, M Sekar, B AF Moukalled, F Darwish, M Sekar, B TI A pressure-based algorithm for multi-phase flow at all speeds SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE multi-phase flow; pressure-based algorithm; all speed flows; finite volume method ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES; FINITE-VOLUME METHOD; BUBBLY 2-PHASE FLOW; PHASE DISTRIBUTION; FLUID-FLOW; UNIFIED FORMULATION; ITERATIVE SOLUTION; SUPERSONIC NOZZLE; SEGREGATED CLASS; ROCKET NOZZLE AB A new finite volume-based numerical algorithm for predicting incompressible and compressible multi-phase flow phenomena is presented. The technique is equally applicable in the subsonic, transonic, and supersonic regimes. The method is formulated on a non-orthogonal coordinate system in collocated primitive variables. Pressure is selected as a dependent variable in preference to density because changes in pressure are significant at all speeds as opposed to variations in density, which become very small at low Mach numbers. The pressure equation is derived from overall mass conservation. The performance of the new method is assessed by solving the following two-dimensional two-phase flow problems: (i) incompressible turbulent bubbly flow in a pipe, (ii) incompressible turbulent air-particle flow in a pipe, (iii) compressible dilute gas-solid flow over a flat plate, and (iv) compressible dusty flow in a converging diverging nozzle. Predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement with published numerical and/or experimental data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Engn Mech, Fac Engn & Architecture, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. USAF, Res Lab, PRTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moukalled, F (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Engn Mech, Fac Engn & Architecture, POB 11-0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. OI Darwish, Marwan/0000-0002-2120-469X NR 82 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 20 PY 2003 VL 190 IS 2 BP 550 EP 571 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00297-3 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 727WK UT WOS:000185683700009 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Fellner, JP AF Kumar, B Fellner, JP TI Polymer-ceramic composite protonic conductors SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Review DE fuel cells; composite membrane; PEFC ID NAFION/SILICA HYBRID MEMBRANE; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; CLAY HYBRID; ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; CONDUCTIVITY; PARTICLES; OPERATION; WATER AB This paper reviews emerging polymer-ceramic composite protonic conductors in the context of their usefulness as membrane material for fuel cells. These composite protonic conductors appear to exhibit a superior propensity to retain water, enhanced conductivity, superior thermal and mechanical robustness, and reduced permeability of molecular species. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk,KL 501, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 23 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP 20 PY 2003 VL 123 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00530-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 724NR UT WOS:000185494100004 ER PT J AU Deye, G Lewis, J Patterson, J Jorgensen, J AF Deye, G Lewis, J Patterson, J Jorgensen, J TI A case of Leuconostoc ventriculitis with resistance to carbapenem antibiotics SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID MENINGITIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharm, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Deye, G (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 869 EP 870 DI 10.1086/377284 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 718EA UT WOS:000185131100033 PM 12955664 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Cardimona, DA TI Effects of classical and quantum charge fluctuations on sequential electron tunneling in multiple quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; MODEL AB A previous theory [M. Ershov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 3147 (1995)] for studying the distribution of nonuniform fields in multiple-quantum-well photodetectors under an ac voltage is generalized to include nonadiabatic space-charge-field effects. From numerical results calculated by the generalized theory, it is found that field-domain effects are only important at high temperatures or high voltages, where both injection and sequential-tunneling currents are expected to be large. On the other hand, field-domain effects become negligible at low temperatures and low voltages, but nonadiabatic effects included in this extended theory are enhanced for small sequential-tunneling currents. The time duration for nonadiabatic effects is determined by the quantum capacitance. By using the generalized theory, a differential capacitance is calculated for a non-steady state, and a negative conduction current is predicted under a positive voltage in this case due to charge accumulation around the collecting contact. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 3703 EP 3711 DI 10.1063/1.1594815 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723EN UT WOS:000185419600003 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Dennis, WM AF Evans, DR Dennis, WM TI Optical spectroscopy of localized electronic states in SrS : Cu SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; LUMINESCENCE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEVICES; CENTERS AB A combination of optical spectroscopy and thermoluminescence measurements were used to determine the mechanisms that can influence the emission in SrS:Cu+ thin film structures and increase the electroluminescence brightness by a factor of 2. In particular, the interaction of the emitting center with the trap states and the conduction band is considered. Thermal quenching, thermoluminescence, and temperature-dependent fluorescence transient results are compared to appropriate population dynamics models in order to determine the position of the Cu excited state and the trap states with respect to the conduction band. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mft Directorate, MLPJ, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldg 651,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 3785 EP 3790 DI 10.1063/1.1601682 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723EN UT WOS:000185419600014 ER PT J AU Jogai, B Albrecht, JD Pan, E AF Jogai, B Albrecht, JD Pan, E TI Effect of electromechanical coupling on the strain in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NITRIDES; MOBILITY; GAN AB The strain in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) is examined theoretically in the context of the fully coupled equation of state for piezoelectric materials. Using a simple analytical model, it is shown that, in the absence of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), the out-of-plane strain obtained without electromechanical coupling is in error by about 30% for an Al fraction of 0.3. This result has consequences for the calculation of quantities that depend directly on the strain tensor. These quantities include the eigenstates and electrostatic potential in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. It is shown that for an HFET, the electromechanical coupling is screened by the 2DEG. Results for the electromechanical model, including the 2DEG, indicate that the standard (decoupled) strain model is a reasonable approximation for HFET calculations. The analytical results are supported by a self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson calculation that includes the fully coupled equation of state together with the charge-balance equation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 3984 EP 3989 DI 10.1063/1.1603953 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723EN UT WOS:000185419600044 ER PT J AU Hammond, VH Houtz, MD O'Reilly, JM AF Hammond, VH Houtz, MD O'Reilly, JM TI Structural relaxation in a bulk metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SMALL ATOM DIFFUSION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; TRANSITION; ALLOY; FRAGILITY; POLYMERS; STATES; PD40NI40P20; HEAT AB Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to investigate the structural relaxation in a bulk metallic glass designated Vit 4. Results indicate that Vit 4 has a broad glass transition region with a glass transition temperature of approximately 621 K and an activation enthalpy of 834 kJ/mol. Despite the broad transition region, Wunderlich's model suggests that structural relaxation in Vit 4 involves the cooperative motion of a single bead. The relaxation behavior was well described by the Tool-Narayanaswamy equation, with x and beta values not significantly different from other glass formers. The dynamic and thermodynamic fragility of Vit 4 is compared with other glasses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Reilly, JM (reprint author), 490 Stone Rd, Pittsford, NY 14534 USA. RI Hammond, Vincent/F-7964-2010 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 325 IS 1-3 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016//S0022-3093(03)00311-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 718RM UT WOS:000185160300020 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK Huang, DH AF Lyo, SK Huang, DH TI Temperature-dependent magnetoconductance in quantum wires: Effect of phonon scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IMPURITY-LIMITED MOBILITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FIELD AB A rigorous numerical formalism is presented for the conductance in quasi-one-dimensional systems dominated by phonon and elastic scattering. The formalism is applied to study the effects of phonon scattering and the interface-roughness scattering at low temperatures (T) on the T-dependent electron conductance in a multilevel single quantum wires (SQWR's) and tunnel-coupled double quantum wires (DQWR's) under a perpendicular magnetic field B. The effect of phonon scattering is significant when the thermal energy k(B)T is comparable to the energy separation between the Fermi level and the nearest unoccupied sublevel in SQWR's and to the tunneling gap energy in DQWR's. While the magnetoconductance decreases with increasing T in general, it displays a strikingly opposite behavior in certain regimes of B and T in DQWR's because of the field-induced separation of the initial and final scattering-state wave functions into the two separate quantum wires. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 115317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.115317 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 730KE UT WOS:000185829300069 ER PT J AU Luhr, H Rother, M Maus, S Mai, W Cooke, D AF Luhr, H Rother, M Maus, S Mai, W Cooke, D TI The diamagnetic effect of the equatorial Appleton anomaly: Its characteristics and impact on geomagnetic field modeling SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERE AB [1] The diamagnetic effect generally reduces the magnetic field inside a plasma. Its importance is appreciated in regions like the magnetosphere and the solar wind. In the ionosphere, depletions of the geomagnetic field have up to now been considered negligible. The CHAMP satellite provides for the first time the combination of high-resolution magnetic field measurements and plasma density observations on the same spacecraft in low-Earth orbit. We show the typical distribution of electron density at the altitude of about 430 km for various local times. Particularly prominent features are the density enhancements north and south of the dip equator. As expected, the magnetic field intensity is depressed in the crest region by an amount of more than 5 nT. The diamagnetic effect is strongest from sunset to midnight and thus causes errors in global geomagnetic field models which are usually computed from data sampled at all night-time hours. C1 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Luhr, H (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM hluehr@gfz-potsdam.de NR 10 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 12 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 17 AR 1906 DI 10.1029/2003GL017407 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 774ZL UT WOS:000189016200002 ER PT J AU Spotts, JM Wong, CK Johnson, MS Okumura, M Boatz, JA Hinde, RJ Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW AF Spotts, JM Wong, CK Johnson, MS Okumura, M Boatz, JA Hinde, RJ Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW TI Multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of AlArN clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATED ALUMINUM; RARE-GAS MATRICES; ALKALI ATOMS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; SPECTRAL THEORY; MONTE-CARLO; AL-H-2/D-2 COMPLEX; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SUPERFLUID-HELIUM; METAL ATOMS AB Experimental and theoretical studies are reported of the multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of selected AlArN clusters (N = 2-54). Resonantly enhanced 1(uv) + 1(vis) and 2(vis) + 1(vis) ionization spectra are recorded of neutral clusters employing a laser-ablation/pulsed supersonic expansion source and time-of-flight mass spectrometric cluster-ion detection. The spectra are dominated by broad red- and blue-shifted asymmetric bands in the neighborhood of the 308 and 303 nm atomic Al 3p --> 3d and 4p lines. The detailed structures of these bands and the observed degree of their spectral shifts with increasing cluster size are attributed on the basis of concomitant ab initio theoretical calculations to interplay among a number of factors, including (i) the comparable strengths of spin-orbit-split anisotropic (2P(1/2))Al-(S-1(0))Ar interactions and Ar-Ar mutual attractions, responsible for predicted external-site At atom locations on distorted icosahedral Ar-N structures, (ii) avoided crossings in the nearly degenerate AlArN potential energy surfaces accessed by one- and two-photon atomic At 3p --> 3d and 4p excitations, giving rise to the red- and blue-shifted spectral profiles, and (iii) significant dynamical rearrangement and parent cluster-ion fragmentation following ionization, resulting in Al+ArM signals that generally reflect the absorption cross sections of an ensemble of larger prior clusters (AlArN, N > M). Additionally, nonuniformity in the cluster-size distribution of the incident molecular beam is inferred from the calculated and measured spectra and must be incorporated in the development for a completely satisfactory accounting between theory and experiment. Comparisons with the results of earlier experimental studies of the ionization potentials of AlArN clusters also underscore the importance of dynamical parent-ion rearrangement and fragmentation, consequent of the increased Ar solvation of the Al+ radical in the equilibrium Al+ArM cluster-ion structures. The reported multiphoton ionization cluster-ion spectra are evidently highly sensitive to the details of the atomic Ar arrangements around the At chromophore and accordingly provide a spectroscopic probe of the nature and evolution of the At trapping sites and cluster geometries with increasing cluster size when the complex electronic and vibrational phenomena underlying the measurements are appropriately interpreted. C1 CALTECH, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Langhoff, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013; OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137; Hinde, Robert/0000-0003-3499-9222; Johnson, Matthew/0000-0002-3645-3955 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 11 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 36 BP 6948 EP 6965 DI 10.1021/jp030399o PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 719YV UT WOS:000185233400008 ER PT J AU Ragot, BR Kahler, SW AF Ragot, BR Kahler, SW TI Interactions of dust grains with coronal mass ejections and solar cycle variations of the F-coronal brightness SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; interplanetary medium; scattering; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID INTER-PLANETARY DUST; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; CIRCUMSOLAR DUST; ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE; LORENTZ SCATTERING; SMM OBSERVATIONS; RING FORMATION; WIND; PLASMA; CLOUD AB The density of interplanetary dust increases sunward to reach its maximum in the F corona, where its scattered white-light emission dominates that of the electron K corona above about 3 R.. The dust will interact with both the particles and fields of antisunward propagating coronal mass ejections (CMEs). To understand the effects of the CME/dust interactions we consider the dominant forces, with and without CMEs, acting on the dust in the 3-5 R. region. Dust grain orbits are then computed to compare the drift rates from 5 to 3 R. for periods of minimum and maximum solar activity, where a simple CME model is adopted to distinguish between the two periods. The ion-drag force, even in the quiet solar wind, reduces the drift time by a significant factor from its value estimated with the Poynting-Robertson drag force alone. The ion-drag effects of CMEs result in even shorter drift times of the large (greater than or similar to 3 mum) dust grains, hence faster depletion rates and lower dust-grain densities, at solar maxima. If dominated by thermal emission, the near-infrared brightness will thus display solar cycle variations close to the dust plane of symmetry. While trapping the smallest of the grains, the CME magnetic fields also scatter the grains of intermediate size (0.1-3 mum) in latitude. If light scattering by small grains close to the Sun dominates the optical brightness, the scattering by the CME magnetic fields will result in a solar cycle variation of the optical brightness distribution not exceeding 10% at high latitudes, with a higher isotropy reached at solar maxima. A good degree of latitudinal isotropy is already reached at low solar activity since the magnetic fields of the quiet solar wind so close to the Sun are able to scatter the small (less than or similar to3 mum) grains up to the polar regions in only a few days or less, producing strong perturbations of their trajectories in less than half their orbital periods. Finally, we consider possible observable consequences of individual CME/dust interactions. We show that the dust grains very likely have no observable effect on the dynamics of CMEs. The effect of an individual CME on the dust grains, however, might serve as a forecasting tool for the directions and amplitudes of the magnetic fields within the CME. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ragot, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 594 IS 2 BP 1049 EP 1059 DI 10.1086/377076 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 720JL UT WOS:000185257600032 ER PT J AU Johns, ST Hayduk, MJ Bussjager, RJ Gerhardstein, CM Vettese, EK Fanto, ML Taylor, EW AF Johns, ST Hayduk, MJ Bussjager, RJ Gerhardstein, CM Vettese, EK Fanto, ML Taylor, EW TI Temporal responses of actively modelocked erbium-doped fibre laser irradiated by gamma-rays SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An actively modelocked erbium-doped fibre laser (EDFL) was irradiated with three separate doses that totalled 22 krad(Si). These in situ experiments allowed system performance to be monitored before, during, and after irradiation of the EDFL by gamma-rays. The optical pulse width, centre wavelength and bandwidth did not significantly change. Recovery periods between irradiation allowed the EDFL to anneal and recover a portion of its pre-irradiation output power. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Int Photon Consultants, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Johns, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 18 BP 1310 EP 1312 DI 10.1049/el:20030849 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 724HX UT WOS:000185483100011 ER PT J AU Park, SY Interrante, LV Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Interrante, LV Farmer, BL TI Packing studies on poly(di-n-alkylsilylenemethylene)s SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE crystal structures; electron diffraction; molecular modeling; poly(di-n-alkylsilylenemethylene); X-ray ID SILICON-CARBIDE; POLY(SILYLENEMETHYLENES); POLY(SILAETHYLENE); POLYCARBOSILANES; POLYMERS; ANALOG; ATOMS AB The packing of poly(di-n-alkylsilylenemethylene) (PDASMs) chains was studied by using X-ray, electron diffraction, and molecular modeling methods. X-ray and electron diffraction measurements revealed unit cells in which the PDASMs were efficiently packed. The PDASM with the longer alkyl side chains, such as poly(di-n-propylsilyenemethylene). (PDSM), showed packing with the alkyl side chains interlocked with each other like cross-shaped gears in the two-dimensional monoclinic unit cell. The PDASM with the shorter ethyl substituent, poly(di-n-ethylsilylenemethylene) (PDESM), showed a lack of ability to interlock its side chains due to the short length of the alkyl groups. In these studies, we found that the length of the alkyl side chains could change the packing arrangement of PDASMs from monoclinic to orthorhombic to hexagonal with only short-range order as the alkyl side chain length decreases at room temperature. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45533 USA. RP Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 EI 1521-3927 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD SEP 3 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 13 BP 793 EP 798 DI 10.1002/marc.200350028 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 721KG UT WOS:000185315100007 ER PT J AU Alexander, MD Bentley, H Wang, CS AF Alexander, MD Bentley, H Wang, CS TI Polymer modified off-axis multiwall nanotubes for fabrication of electrically conductive polyurethane nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Air Force Res Lab, Polymer Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM max.alexander@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 429-POLY BP U420 EP U420 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502194 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Price, GE Lyons, CB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Price, GE Lyons, CB Tan, LS TI Thermal relaxation of reaction-induced strain in poly(ether-ketones) synthesized in highly viscous polyphosphoric acid/P2O5 as polymerization medium. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, AFRL, MLBP,UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 154-POLY BP U378 EP U378 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501922 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Lyons, CB Laufersweiler, MC Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Lyons, CB Laufersweiler, MC Tan, LS TI Carboxylic acid-terminated hyperbranched polybenzoxazole (PBO) and its star block copolymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, AFRL, MLBP,UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 106-POLY BP U372 EP U372 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501874 ER PT J AU Blaudeau, JP Dudis, DS Yeates, AT AF Blaudeau, JP Dudis, DS Yeates, AT TI Parallel computational chemical calculations for air force material projects. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 High Performance Comp Inc, ASC, HP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43235 USA. ARFL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43235 USA. EM blaudejp@asc.hpc.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 041-COMP BP U429 EP U429 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401990 ER PT J AU Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW Sutherland, RL AF Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW Sutherland, RL TI Polymer/LC nanoscale two-phase composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 233-POLY BP U390 EP U390 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502001 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Dixon, DA AF Christe, KO Dixon, DA TI Conceptual problems in main group chemistry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missle Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA USA. EM karl.christe@edwards.af.mil RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 236-INOR BP U709 EP U709 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403346 ER PT J AU Coe, JV Williams, SM Eaton, J Arnold, S Bowen, KH AF Coe, JV Williams, SM Eaton, J Arnold, S Bowen, KH TI Using photoelectron spectroscopy of hydrated electron clusters to characterize the conduction band of bulk water. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM coe.1@osu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 126-PHYS BP U289 EP U289 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501414 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Hall, BC Rogers, JE McLean, DG Burke, AR AF Cooper, TM Hall, BC Rogers, JE McLean, DG Burke, AR TI Synthesis and characterization of novel platinum acetylide oligomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Cooper@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 152-INOR BP U695 EP U696 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403263 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Dalton, MJ Williams, LD Reitz, TL Durstock, MF Venkatasubramanian, N Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Dalton, MJ Williams, LD Reitz, TL Durstock, MF Venkatasubramanian, N Arnold, FE TI Sulfonated benzazole polymers as PEMs for fuel cells. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 313-PMSE BP U507 EP U507 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502648 ER PT J AU Dean, DR Ganguli, S Abdalla, M Campbell, S Vaia, R Jose, M AF Dean, DR Ganguli, S Abdalla, M Campbell, S Vaia, R Jose, M TI High temperature thermoset nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Tuskegee Univ, TCAM, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. EM deand@acd.tusk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 433-PMSE BP U526 EP U526 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502767 ER PT J AU Fernandez, A Viggiano, AA Williams, S Troe, J AF Fernandez, A Viggiano, AA Williams, S Troe, J TI Reaction of O-2(+) with C9H12 (n-propylbenzene) and C10H14 (n-butylbenzene) as a function of pressure and temperature: Rate constants and collisional stabilization of the charge transfer product. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. EM abel.fernandez@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 285-PHYS BP U312 EP U312 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501571 ER PT J AU Gogolak, C Petullo, C Klawiter, K Lloyd, V Meck, R Peterson, H Doremus, S Caputo, D Alberth, D Powers, G Huffert, A Fragoso, L Bhat, R AF Gogolak, C Petullo, C Klawiter, K Lloyd, V Meck, R Peterson, H Doremus, S Caputo, D Alberth, D Powers, G Huffert, A Fragoso, L Bhat, R TI Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) supplements: Overview/development update. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Dept Homeland Secur, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. US EPA, OSWER ERT, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, ORIA HQ, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, ORIA NAREL, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US Dept Energy EH, Washington, DC USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM cvg@eml.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 7-NUCL BP U73 EP U73 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500378 ER PT J AU Jakubiak, R Brown, D Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Prasad, PN He, G Bunning, TJ Vaia, R AF Jakubiak, R Brown, D Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Prasad, PN He, G Bunning, TJ Vaia, R TI Switchable and tunable solid-state dye lasers from holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystal photonic structures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SUNY, Inst Laser Photon & Biophoton, Photon Res Lab, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 31-PMSE BP U462 EP U462 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502368 ER PT J AU Klosterman, J Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Klosterman, J Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ TI Effect of additives in holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLC's). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 363-PMSE BP U515 EP U515 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502697 ER PT J AU Millemon, LF Hicks, BW Gardner, KA AF Millemon, LF Hicks, BW Gardner, KA TI Synthesis and characterization of a spin-labeled cisplatin analog. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C04Laura.Millemon@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 144-CHED BP U245 EP U245 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401112 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ TI Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) transmission gratings based on thiol-ene photopolymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 SAIC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 32-PMSE BP U462 EP U463 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502369 ER PT J AU Phelps, DK AF Phelps, DK TI Molecular dynamics simulation of AOT aggregation in hexane. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 AFRL, PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.phelps@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 308-COLL BP U397 EP U397 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401903 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Hall, BC Hufnagle, DC Cooper, TM McLean, DG AF Rogers, JE Hall, BC Hufnagle, DC Cooper, TM McLean, DG TI Effect of platinum on the photophysical properties of a series of phenyl-ethynyl oligomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Air Force Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joy.Rogers@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 632-INOR BP U771 EP U771 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403740 ER PT J AU Schiraldi, D Iyer, S Abu-Ali, AF Gonzalez, RI Kumar, S Zeng, JJ AF Schiraldi, D Iyer, S Abu-Ali, AF Gonzalez, RI Kumar, S Zeng, JJ TI Reinforcement of condensation polymers with POSS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 300-PMSE BP U505 EP U505 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502635 ER PT J AU Stuckey, JA Alexander, MD Black, BM Henes, JD AF Stuckey, JA Alexander, MD Black, BM Henes, JD TI Electrospinning of conductive polymer nanofibers containing carbon nanotubes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Grp, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Jennifer.Stuckey@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 310-POLY BP U402 EP U402 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502078 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Geiss, KT Frazier, JM AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Geiss, KT Frazier, JM TI Toxicity osars for halogenated aliphatics derived using metabolite descriptors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 011-TOXI BP U317 EP U317 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401457 ER PT J AU Trulove, PC Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Sutto, TE Fox, DM Maupin, PH De Long, HC AF Trulove, PC Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Sutto, TE Fox, DM Maupin, PH De Long, HC TI The application of trialkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids and salts to the preparation of polymer clay nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. US DOE, Off Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 089-IEC BP U628 EP U628 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403000 ER PT J AU Urbansky, ET Brown, SK AF Urbansky, ET Brown, SK TI Perchlorate retention and mobility in soils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 United States Air Force, Joint Oil Anal Program, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. United States Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM eurbansky@joaptsc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 232-ENVR BP U506 EP U506 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062402433 ER PT J AU Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V Tham, FS Gerken, M AF Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V Tham, FS Gerken, M TI Methyl tin(IV) derivatives of HOTeF5 and HN(SO2CF3)(2). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, HEDM Synth Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM Ashwani.Vif@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 693-INOR BP U782 EP U782 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403801 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS Del Sesto, RE Ghebremichael, F Heimer, NE Dudis, DS Yeates, AT AF Wilkes, JS Del Sesto, RE Ghebremichael, F Heimer, NE Dudis, DS Yeates, AT TI Nonlinear optical ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 088-IEC BP U628 EP U628 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062402999 ER PT J AU Zabinski, JS Phillips, BS Mantz, RA Trulover, PC AF Zabinski, JS Phillips, BS Mantz, RA Trulover, PC TI Surface chemistry and tribological behavior of ionic liquid boundary lubrication additives in water. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM jeffrey.zabinski@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 087-IEC BP U628 EP U628 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062402998 ER PT J AU Tamirisakandala, S Yellapregada, PVRK Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Malas, JC Dutta, B AF Tamirisakandala, S Yellapregada, PVRK Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Malas, JC Dutta, B TI High-speed deformation processing of a titanium alloy SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Met, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. MCPA Coliseum Dr, University, MS 38677 USA. TH Darmstadt, Dept Mat Sci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Tamirisakandala, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 5 IS 9 BP 667 EP 669 DI 10.1002/adem.200300368 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 723YN UT WOS:000185459300009 ER PT J AU Maple, RC King, PI Oxley, ME AF Maple, RC King, PI Oxley, ME TI Adaptive harmonic balance solutions to Euler's equation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A new adaptive harmonic balance method is presented and applied to a variety of subsonic and supersonic one-dimensional flowfields containing strong moving shocks. The adaptive method augments the frequency content in each cell as required to capture the local flow physics. Augmentation automatically adjusts with grid density, resulting in lower frequency content on coarse grids that cannot adequately resolve high-frequency terms. A study of the effect of augmentation thresholds, increments, and scheduling on the performance and accuracy of the adaptive method is presented, and optimal parameters identified. When optimal parameters are used, the new adaptive harmonic balance method produces solutions equivalent to a nonadapted harmonic balance solution, but with up to a 50% reduction in run time. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maple, RC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1705 EP 1714 DI 10.2514/2.7316 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 716CF UT WOS:000185010700008 ER PT J AU Rogers, JW Agnes, GS AF Rogers, JW Agnes, GS TI Asymptotic finite elements introducing the method of integral multiple scales SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The method of integral multiple scales (MIMS) is introduced and applied to linear and nonlinear beam models. Based on the method of multiple scales, MIMS is applied to the system Lagrangian and directly results in a system solution. An analytical solution approach is applied to a linear beam-string model to produce a system of linear differential equations that can be solved to produce an asymptotic solution. The true power of MIMS is then demonstrated through a finite element approach by using a set of parametric shape functions based on beam strings. Where the analytic methodology is limited to continuous systems, the finite element approach is easily applied to discontinuous systems providing an analysis method useful with distributed piezoelectric laminates. Both static and dynamic results are discussed. The use of the asymptotic shape functions in the MIMS asymptotic finite element method results in extremely high precision and provides a methodology that could provide a more efficient analytical tool for the development of highly compliant discontinuous systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Agnes, GS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1797 EP 1807 DI 10.2514/2.7298 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 716CF UT WOS:000185010700018 ER PT J AU Grant, KA Garland, JG Joachim, TC Wallen, A Vital, T AF Grant, KA Garland, JG Joachim, TC Wallen, A Vital, T TI Achieving health, safety, and performance improvements through enhanced cost visibility and workplace partnerships SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE activity-based cost management; Air Force; case study; corrosion control; environment; safety; and occupational health ID MANAGEMENT AB Reduction in the environment, safety, and occupational health (ESOH) component of operational costs requires not only a better understanding of ESOH costs and requirements, but also the formation of effective partnerships between ESOH professionals, financial analysts, and shop workers to identify viable improvements to current practices. This article presents two case studies of efforts to enhance productivity and ESOH in corrosion control facilities at Randolph Air Force Base (AFB), Texas, and Robins AFB, Ga. At each site, activity-based cost models were created to increase the visibility of ESOH-related costs and target improvement opportunities. Analysis of the strip-and-paint processes for the T-38 aircraft at Randolph and the F-15 radome and C-141 aft cowl at Robins revealed that a large proportion of operating costs were tied to ESOH requirements and practices (22 and 39%, respectively). In each case ESOH professionals teamed with shop personnel to identify potential improvements in personal protective equipment use, waste disposal, tool selection, and work methods. This approach yielded alternatives projected to reduce total shop costs by 5 to 7%. This case study demonstrates how workplaces can identify cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing practices by partnering with ESOH professionals in planning and decision-making activities. C1 Risk Anal Directorate, Air Force Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Off Secretary Air Force, Washington, DC USA. Air Force Manpower & Innovat Agcy, Randolph AFB, TX USA. RP Grant, KA (reprint author), Risk Anal Directorate, Air Force Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 64 IS 5 BP 660 EP 667 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 732EE UT WOS:000185927200015 PM 14521429 ER PT J AU Carlton, GN AF Carlton, GN TI Hexavalent chromium exposures during full-aircraft corrosion control SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chromic acid; corrosion control; CrVI; hexavalent chromium; strontium chromate AB Aluminum alloys used in the construction of modern aircraft are subject to corrosion. The principal means of controlling this corrosion in the U.S. Air Force are organic coatings. The organic coating system consists of a chromate conversion coat, epoxy resin primer, and polyurethane enamel topcoat. Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is present in the conversion coat in the form of chromic acid and in the primer in the form of strontium chromate. CrVI inhalation exposures can occur when workers spray conversion coat onto bare metal and apply primer to the treated metal surface. In addition, mechanical abrasion of aircraft surfaces can generate particulates that contain chromates from previously applied primers and conversion coats. This study measured CrVI exposures during these corrosion control procedures. Mean time-weighted average (TWA) exposure to chromic acid during conversion coat treatment was 0.48 mug/m(3), below the current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV(R)) TWA of 50 mug/m(3) for water-soluble CrVI compounds. Mean TWA exposures to strontium chromate were 5.33 mug/m(3) during mechanical abrasion and 83.8 mug/m(3) during primer application. These levels are in excess of the current ACGIH TLV-TWA of 0.5 mug/m(3) for strontium chromate. In the absence of a change from chromated to nonchromated conversion coats and primers, additional control measures are needed to reduce these exposures. C1 Med Grp 72nd, Tinker AFB, OK USA. RP Carlton, GN (reprint author), Med Grp 72nd, Tinker AFB, OK USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 64 IS 5 BP 668 EP 672 DI 10.1080/15428110308984861 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 732EE UT WOS:000185927200016 PM 14521424 ER PT J AU Harrison, SA Torgerson, S Hayashi, PH AF Harrison, SA Torgerson, S Hayashi, PH TI The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A clinical histopathological study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS; OBESE SUBJECTS; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT-LOSS; STEATOHEPATITIS AB OBJECTIVES: We aimed to define nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) histopathological change over time and to correlate changes with clinical characteristics. METHODS: We retrieved nonalcoholic fatty liver cases from our histopathology database covering 1985 to 2001. We also identified patients in clinic with NASH on biopsy >1 yr prior. All patients were evaluated and clinical data obtained in clinic. Those patients qualifying for NASH therapeutic trials underwent liver biopsy pretreatment. One pathologist (S.T.) read all slides using a NASH grading and staging system. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients had repeat biopsies a mean of 5.7 yr (range 1.4-15.7 yr) after the first biopsy. Nine were women, nine had diabetes, 11 had hypertension, and 14 had hyperlipidemia. Mean body mass index was 33.8 kg/m(2) (range 26.5-48.6 yr). Mean age was 50.6 yr (range 33-64 yr). Ten patients (45%) had fibrosis stage 1 or 2, and two patients (9%) had bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis (stage 3 or 4) on first biopsy. Seven (32%) had increases in fibrosis score. Four patients (18%) had decreases in fibrosis score. The percentage of patients with stage 3 or 4 increased from 9% to 18%. In two patients the disease progressed rapidly (fibrosis scores from 1 to 3 in 1.4 yr and from 2 to 4 in 2.6 yr). Only serum AST at last biopsy correlated with histological change, being higher in those with disease. progression. Three patients progressed from steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: NASH has a variable histological course. However, one third of. patients have fibrosis progression, and one third of these have rapid progression to advanced fibrosis. Histological progression correlated with higher serum AST but no other clinical factors. Steatosis alone may progress to NASH with fibrosis. (C) 2003 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hayashi, PH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Hepatol Sect, 4200 E 9th Ave,B-154, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 14 TC 265 Z9 269 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 98 IS 9 BP 2042 EP 2047 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(03)00622-1 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 726CR UT WOS:000185581000023 PM 14499785 ER PT J AU Unger, JB Schubert, DC AF Unger, JB Schubert, DC TI Gynecology knots - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Serv Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Gynecol Pelv Surg, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA. Womens Hlth Dept, Med Grp 3, Elmendorf AFB, AK USA. RP Unger, JB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Serv Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Gynecol Pelv Surg, POB 33932,1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 189 IS 3 BP 900 EP 900 DI 10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00709-9 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 728LK UT WOS:000185718500078 ER PT J AU Gardner, GD Dunn, WJ Taloumis, L AF Gardner, GD Dunn, WJ Taloumis, L TI Wear comparison of thermoplastic materials used for orthodontic retainers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; INVITRO; INVIVO AB Clear thermoplastic retainers are an alternative to fixed lingual retainers and removable Hawley appliances. However, thermoplastic retainers have demonstrated poor wear resistance and durability after only a few months of use. In this study, a simulated wear device was used to compare the wear of different thermoplastic materials used for orthodontic retainers. Three thermoplastic products were evaluated: C+ (Raintree Essix, New Orleans, La), .040-in Invisacryl C (Great Lakes Orthodontics, Towanda, NY), and .040-in TR sheet material (Bay Dental Direct, Bay City, Mich). Twenty specimens were fabricated for each group. The specimens were vacuum thermoformed according to the manufacturers' recommendations and subjected to wear for 1000 cycles in a wear apparatus with steatite ceramic abraders. Depth of wear was determined by surface profilometry. The maximum peak-to-valley measurement was recorded for each specimen. Mean wear (SD) in microns was as follows: C+, 5.9 (2.4); Invisacryl C, 6.1 (2.6); and TR, 1.6 (0.9). One-way analysis of variance detected a significant difference between groups (P < .001). TR material, a hard polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer (PETG), demonstrated greater resistance to wear than did the other 2 materials, which were softer, polypropylene-based thermoplastics. There was no evidence to suggest a difference in mean wear between the 2 polypropylene-based materials (P > .05). C1 Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 124 IS 3 BP 294 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00502-X PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 722JK UT WOS:000185371800009 PM 12970663 ER PT J AU Bau, JL Ly, JQ Borstad, GC Lusk, JD Sealy, TM Beall, DP AF Bau, JL Ly, JQ Borstad, GC Lusk, JD Sealy, TM Beall, DP TI Giant cell arteritis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ste 1,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 181 IS 3 BP 742 EP 742 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 713MH UT WOS:000184861600036 PM 12933473 ER PT J AU Pratt, JW Rush, RM AF Pratt, JW Rush, RM TI The military surgeon and the war on terrorism: a Zollinger legacy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE military surgeon; Zollinger; combat surgery; terrorism AB Background: One of Dr. Robert Zollinger's greatest contributions during his time in the Army Medical Corps was the development and utilization of mobile surgical units during World War-II. After September 11, 2001, the medical services of the United States Air Force and Army were deployed to support combat casualties incurred during the war on terrorism. Methods: Information is based on the authors' recent experiences in Operation Enduring Freedom. Results: Over an 8-month period, nearly ninety combat casualties, resulting primarily from blasts and penetrating injuries, received surgical care in medical facilities in Southwest Asia provided by the joint efforts of Air Force and Army mobile surgical teams. Conclusions: The importance of lessons learned from this experience and from history, as well as the joint efforts of military medical services, should be applied to the future care of combat casualties. (C) 2003 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SGCQT, MSGS 81, Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Pratt, JW (reprint author), SGCQT, MSGS 81, Keesler Med Ctr, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 186 IS 3 BP 292 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00221-6 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 716CD UT WOS:000185010500020 PM 12946835 ER PT J AU Bhushan, B Paquet, L Spain, JC Hawari, J AF Bhushan, B Paquet, L Spain, JC Hawari, J TI Biotransformation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) by denitrifying Pseudomonas sp strain FA1 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; CATALYZED BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIODEGRADATION; MECHANISM; FLAVOPROTEINS; METABOLITES; DIAPHORASE; REDUCTASE; STUTZERI AB The microbial and enzymatic degradation of a new energetic compound, 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), is not well understood. Fundamental knowledge about the mechanism of microbial degradation of CL-20 is essential to allow the prediction of its fate in the environment. In the present study, a CL-20-degrading denitrifying strain capable of utilizing CL-20 as the sole nitrogen source, Pseudomonas sp. strain FA1, was isolated from a garden soil. Studies with intact cells showed that aerobic conditions were required for bacterial growth and that anaerobic conditions enhanced CL-20 biotransformation. An enzyme(s) involved in the initial biotransformation of CL-20 was shown to be membrane associated and NADH dependent, and its expression was up-regulated about 2.2-fold in CL-20-induced cells. The rates of CL-20 biotransformation by the resting cells and the membrane-enzyme preparation were 3.2 +/- 0.1 nmol h(-1) mg of cell biomass(-1) and 11.5 +/- 0.4 nmol h(-1) mg of protein(-1), respectively, under anaerobic conditions. In the membrane-enzyme-catalyzed reactions, 2.3 nitrite ions (NO(2)(-)), 1.5 molecules of nitrous oxide (N(2)O), and 1.7 molecules of formic acid (HCOOH) were produced per reacted CL-20 molecule. The membrane-enzyme preparation reduced nitrite to nitrous oxide under anaerobic conditions. A comparative study of native enzymes, deflavoenzymes, and a reconstituted enzyme(s) and their subsequent inhibition by diphenyliodonium revealed that biotransformation of CL-20 is catalyzed by a membrane-associated flavoenzyme. The latter catalyzed an oxygen-sensitive one-electron transfer reaction that caused initial N denitration of CL-20. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@nrc.ca NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5216 EP 5221 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5216-5221.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 723MW UT WOS:000185437000022 PM 12957905 ER PT J AU Cooney, RT Segal, MW Segal, DR Falk, WW AF Cooney, RT Segal, MW Segal, DR Falk, WW TI Racial differences in the impact of military service on the socioeconomic status of women veterans SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 94th Annual Meeting of the American-Sociological-Association CY AUG 06-10, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Sociol Assoc ID ALL-VOLUNTEER FORCE; VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS; WORLD-WAR-II; CIVILIAN EARNINGS; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; ATTAINMENT; INCOME; SEGREGATION; ENLISTMENT AB This article investigates the impact of military service on the socioeconomic status of African American and white, non-Hispanic women veterans of the post-1973 U.S. all volunteer force. Earnings and family income are used as measures of socioeconomic status. Data from the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample L were used in this analysis. This data set is a 45 percent sample drawn from the 1990 Census. Using semilogarithmic regression, we found that, overall, African American women veterans did not differ significantly from their non-serving counter-parts, controlling for several factors associated with socioeconomic status. White, non-Hispanic women veterans, however, suffered an earnings and family income penalty relative to similar non-serving women. The data suggest that this veteran disadvantage may be due to the interaction of military service, child-bearing patterns, and educational attainment. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Res Milit Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooney, RT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 2354 Fairchild Dr-6L-101B, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 53 EP + DI 10.1177/0095327X0303000103 PG 35 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 807JQ UT WOS:000220498200003 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Shipman, RF Price, SD Mizuno, DR Kuchar, T Carey, SJ AF Kraemer, KE Shipman, RF Price, SD Mizuno, DR Kuchar, T Carey, SJ TI Observations of star-forming regions with the Midcourse Space Experiment SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Rosette Nebula, Orion Nebula, W3, Pleiades, G300.2-16.8, S263, G159.6-18.5); stars : formation ID ROSETTE MOLECULAR-COMPLEX; YOUNG CLUSTER IC-348; CLOUD COMPLEX; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; PERSEUS COMPLEX; CO OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED BANDS; NEBULA; EMISSION; DUST AB We have imaged seven nearby star-forming regions, the Rosette Nebula, the Orion Nebula, W3, the Pleiades, G300.2-16.8, S263, and G159.6-18.5, with the Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite at 1800 resolution at 8.3, 12.1, 14.7, and 21.3 mum. The large angular scale of the regions imaged (similar to7.2-50 deg(2)) makes these data unique in terms of the combination of size and resolution. In addition to the star-forming regions, two cirrus-free fields (MSXBG 160 and MSXBG 161) and a field near the south Galactic pole (MSXBG 239) were also imaged. Point sources have been extracted from each region, resulting in the identification over 500 new sources (i.e., no identified counterparts at other wavelengths), as well as over 1300 with prior identifications. The extended emission from the star-forming regions is described, and prominent structures are identified, particularly in W3 and Orion. The Rosette Nebula is discussed in detail. The bulk of the mid-infrared emission is consistent with that of photon-dominated regions, including the elephant trunk complex. The central clump, however, and a line of site toward the northern edge of the cavity show significantly redder colors than the rest of the Rosette complex. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Groningen, SRON, Space Res Inst Netherlands, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02135 USA. CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; russ@sron.rug.nl; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; don.mizuno@hanscom.af.mil; thomas.kuchar@hanscom.af.mil; carey@ipac.caltech.edu OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 126 IS 3 BP 1423 EP 1450 DI 10.1086/377522 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 718EJ UT WOS:000185131900022 ER PT J AU Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE Goebel, JH Price, SD AF Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE Goebel, JH Price, SD TI Guilt by association: The 13 micron dust emission feature and its correlation to other gas and dust features SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; infrared : stars; stars : AGB and post-AGB ID CRYSTALLINE SILICATE DUST; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; RICH CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRA; SOUTH-GALACTIC-CAP; ISO-SWS SPECTRA; MU-M FEATURE; SEMIREGULAR VARIABLES; EVOLVED STARS; AGB STARS AB A study of all full-scan spectra of optically thin oxygen-rich circumstellar dust shells in the database produced by the Short Wavelength Spectrometer on ISO reveals that the strength of several infrared spectral features correlates with the strength of the 13 mum dust feature. These correlated features include dust features at 19.8 and 28.1 mum and the bands produced by warm carbon dioxide molecules (the strongest of which are at 13.9, 15.0, and 16.2 mum). The database does not provide any evidence for a correlation of the 13 mum feature with a dust feature at 32 mum, and it is more likely that a weak emission feature at 16.8 mum arises from carbon dioxide gas rather than dust. The correlated dust features at 13, 20, and 28 mum tend to be stronger with respect to the total dust emission in semiregular and irregular variables associated with the asymptotic giant branch than in Mira variables or supergiants. This family of dust features also tends to be stronger in systems with lower infrared excesses and thus lower mass-loss rates. We hypothesize that the dust features arise from crystalline forms of alumina (13 mum) and silicates (20 and 28 mum). C1 Cornell Univ, Infrared Spectrog Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sloan, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Infrared Spectrog Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 50 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 594 IS 1 BP 483 EP 495 DI 10.1086/376857 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717KJ UT WOS:000185087400039 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Simpson, BD McKinley, RL AF Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Simpson, BD McKinley, RL TI Auditory localization in the horizontal plane with single and double hearing protection SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sound localization; directional hearing; bone conduction; hearing conservation; environmental noise ID SOUND LOCALIZATION; IMPAIRMENT; EARPLUGS; ABILITY AB Introduction: Although single hearing protection devices such as earplugs or earmuffs are known to degrade sound localization, little is known about localization accuracy in double-hearing-protection conditions where both earplugs and earmuffs are worn at the same time. Methods: Listeners wearing earplugs, earmuffs, or a combination of earplugs and earmuffs were asked to localize short (250 ms) or long (continuous) pink noise signals originating from one of 24 loudspeaker locations in the horizontal plane. Results: When single hearing protection was worn, localization was reasonably accurate in the left-right dimension even when the stimuli were short in duration. W hen double hearing protection was worn, however, left-right localization accuracy was poor even when the stimuli were on continuously. A second experiment showed that localization accuracy with double hearing protection varied Substantially across different listeners, but that it varied only slightly across refittings of the same earplugs and earmuffs on the same listener. A third experiment showed that double hearing protection impaired localization in the left-right dimension much more for narrow-band sounds at frequencies above 500 Hz than it did for narrowband Sounds at frequencies at or below 250 Hz. Discussion: The severe disruptions in performance that occurred when earmuffs and earplugs were worn simultaneously suggest the influence of a mechanism such as bone conduction that does not normally interfere with localization when only a single hearing protection device is used. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Sytron, Dayton, OH USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), 2610 7th St,Bldg 441, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 74 IS 9 BP 937 EP 946 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 719DT UT WOS:000185188900003 PM 14503671 ER PT J AU Holmes, SR Bunting, A Brown, DL Hiatt, KL Braithwaite, MG Harrigan, MJ AF Holmes, SR Bunting, A Brown, DL Hiatt, KL Braithwaite, MG Harrigan, MJ TI Survey of spatial disorientation in military pilots and navigators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spatial disorientation; survey; military pilots; training ID PREVALENCE AB Background: The direction of future spatial disorientation (SD) research and training is shaped primarily by the outcome of formal investigation of aircraft accidents and incidents, However, another source of vital information is aircrews' experience of SD that does not result in reported incidents. Methods: A short postal SD survey was distributed to 5 Naval Air Squadrons, 22 Joint Helicopter Command Units, and 7 Royal Air Force stations in the United Kingdom. There were 752 questionnaires, including responses from 562 pilots and 149 navigators, that were returned. Results: Analysis was conducted primarily on the pilot data. The most frequently experienced SD episodes were "the leans" (by 92% of respondents), loss of horizon due to atmospheric conditions (82%), misleading altitude cues (79%), sloping horizon (75%), and SD arising from distraction (66%). In general, the frequency of SD episodes and ratings of severity of the worst ever SD episode were positively related to flying experience (p < 0.05). Overall, pilots who had received in-flight SD training reported more episodes of SD than those who had not participated in this training (p < 0.05). Differences in types of SD experienced were found between aircraft categories, e.g., more episodes of SD during night vision goggle use were reported by rotary-wing pilots compared with fast-jet aviators (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This preliminary survey has shown that SD is still a significant hazard of military flying. Overall, this Study shows that the postal questionnaire is a useful tool for assessing how SD training and experience may benefit the recognition of situations that may cause SD. However, it is difficult to access those situations where aircrew were truly disorientated. C1 QinetiQ Ltd, Ctr Human Sci, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. USAF, Sch Aviat Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. MEDDAC, BACH, Ft Campbell, KY USA. RP Holmes, SR (reprint author), QinetiQ Ltd, Ctr Human Sci, Code Int Pk,Ively Rd,Rm G012, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 74 IS 9 BP 957 EP 965 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 719DT UT WOS:000185188900006 PM 14503674 ER PT J AU Tvaryanas, AP AF Tvaryanas, AP TI Epidemiology of turbulence-related injuries in airline cabin crew, 1992-2001 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE flight attendant; aircraft type; air carrier; unrestrained cabin crew; NTSB AB Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of flight attendant turbulence-related injuries in Part 121 air carrier operations from 1992-2001, and to identify the significant epidemiological determinants of turbulence-related injuries. Methods: The National Transportation Safety Board's Aviation Accident Database was searched for the period from 1 January 1992 through 31 December 2001 for all records involving Part 121 air carrier turbulence-related accidents. Cases of turbulence-related flight attendant injuries were categorized by year and month of occurrence, aircraft type, air carrier, phase of flight, injury severity, type of injury, location in the aircraft where the injury occurred, status of the seat belt sign, and prevailing meteorological conditions. Continuous variables were analyzed by the Spearman rank-correlation method and ANOVA and categorical variables by the chi-square test. Results: From 92 accident reports, 179 cases were identified. Of these cases, 82 (45.8%) involved serious. injuries and 97 (54.2%) involved minor injuries. There was a non-significant upward trend in the rate of turbulence-related injuries, especially during the period from 1995 through 2000. Significant relationships were found between turbulence-related injuries and the phase of flight, location in the aircraft, seat belt sign illumination, aircraft type, and air carrier. The most frequent type of turbulence-related injury was lower extremity fractures, especially the ankle. Conclusion: The number of flight attendant turbulence-related injuries is on the rise, although mostly due to a corresponding increase in flight hours. The significant epidemiological determinants appear to be unrestrained cabin crew, aircraft type, and air carrier. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GE, MPH&TM, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Tvaryanas, AP (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GE, MPH&TM, 2602 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 74 IS 9 BP 970 EP 976 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 719DT UT WOS:000185188900008 PM 14503676 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V AF Christe, KO Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V TI N5+N5- allotrope is California dreaming SO CHEMISTRY IN BRITAIN LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, RL, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), USAF, RL, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0009-3106 J9 CHEM BRIT JI Chem. Br. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 39 IS 9 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 722GM UT WOS:000185367100043 ER PT J AU Li, K Gao, XL Roy, AK AF Li, K Gao, XL Roy, AK TI Micromechanics model for three-dimensional open-cell foams using a tetrakaidecahedral unit cell and Castigliano's second theorem SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE open-cell foams; microstructure; elastic properties; energy methods ID WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES; MODULUS; STIFFNESS AB A micromechanics model for three-dimensional open-cell foams is developed using an energy method based on Castigliano's second theorem. The analysis is performed on a tetrakaidecahedral unit cell, which is centered at one lattice point of a body-centered cubic lattice and is subjected to compression on its two opposite square faces. The 36 struts of the unit cell are treated as uniform slender beams undergoing linearly elastic deformations, and the 24 vertices as rigid joints. All three deformation mechanisms of the cell struts (i.e., stretching, shearing and bending) possible under the specified loading are incorporated, and four different strut cross section shapes (i.e., circle, square, equilateral triangle and Plateau border) are treated in a unified manner in the present model, unlike in earlier models. Two closed-form formulas for determining the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of open-cell foams are provided. These two formulas are derived by using the composite homogenization theory and contain more parameters than those included in existing models. The new formulas explicitly show that the foam elastic properties depend on the relative foam density, the shape and size of the strut cross section, and the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the strut material. By applying the newly derived model directly, a parametric study is conducted for carbon foams, whose modeling motivated the present study. The predicted values of the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio compare favorably with those based on existing models and experimental data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1769 EP 1781 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00117-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 702VK UT WOS:000184245100005 ER PT J AU Chalmers, PA AF Chalmers, PA TI The role of cognitive theory in human-computer interface SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE human-computer interaction; human-computer interface; HCI; CHI; human factors; cognition; cognitive theory; interface design; interface development; software interface; usability ID GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS; PRIOR KNOWLEDGE; INFORMATION; STRATEGIES; GENDER; COMPREHENSION; EXPERIENCE; ANXIETY; WORDS; LEARN AB Many computer users have trouble learning and remembering information presented on a computer screen. Based on cognitive theories, part of the reason for lack of retention is hypothesized to be the user's inability to form a mental picture, or schema, of the information presented via a computer screen. In order to form a schema, users need to be able to understand where newly acquired knowledge fits into "the big picture". However, computers and the information on them are so infinite, users may have trouble thinking in terms of a big picture. When on a website, for example, how many times have you asked yourself, "Where am I?" or "Where was I?" or "Where am I going?" Likewise, for many learners, there may be little sense of place when learning with the assistance of a computer. It is proposed that these problems of the inability to form a schema and disorientation with the human-computer interface are worth researching, not only for better retention, but also for increased satisfaction among users. In addition to cognitive theories of learning, retention, organization, and individual differences, human-computer interface guidelines are also addressed. For this paper, the phrase human-computer interface is also called the "user interface" because of the emphasis on the end user, or the student. It may also be called simply the interface. Human-computer interface is defined as the point of contact between the computer and the computer user. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Crew Syst Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chalmers, PA (reprint author), USAF, Crew Syst Interface Div, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 51 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0747-5632 J9 COMPUT HUM BEHAV JI Comput. Hum. Behav. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 593 EP 607 DI 10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00086-9 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 717UL UT WOS:000185109100007 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Bunning, M Ludwig, GV Ortman, B Chang, J Speaker, T Spielman, A McLean, R Komar, N Gates, R McNamara, T Creekmore, T Farley, L Mitchell, CJ AF Turell, MJ Bunning, M Ludwig, GV Ortman, B Chang, J Speaker, T Spielman, A McLean, R Komar, N Gates, R McNamara, T Creekmore, T Farley, L Mitchell, CJ TI DNA vaccine for West Nile virus infection in fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; SYSTEM; BIRDS; FEVER AB A DNA vaccine for West Nile virus (WNV) was evaluated to determine whether its use could protect fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) from fatal WNV infection. Captured adult crows were given 0.5 mg of the DNA vaccine either orally or by intramuscular (IM) inoculation; control crows were inoculated or orally exposed to a placebo. After 6 weeks, crows were challenged subcutaneously with 105 plaque-forming units of WNV (New York 1999 strain). None of the placebo inoculated-placebo challenged birds died. While none of the 9 IM vaccine-inoculated birds died, 5 of 10 placebo-inoculated and 4 of 8 orally vaccinated birds died within 15 days after challenge. Peak viremia titers in birds with fatal WNV infection were substantially higher than those in birds that survived infection. Although oral administration of a single DNA vaccine dose failed to elicit an immune response or protect crows from WNV infection, IM administration of a single dose prevented death and was associated with reduced viremia. C1 USAMRIID, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USAF, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr Int Dev, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Laramie, WY USA. Amer Bird Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USAMRIID, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1077 EP 1081 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900008 PM 14519243 ER PT J AU Link, DD Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS AF Link, DD Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS TI Class- and structure-specific separation, analysis, and identification techniques for the characterization of the sulfur components of JP-8 aviation fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION; VACUUM GAS OIL; DEPOSIT FORMATION; JET FUEL; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; BENZOTHIOPHENES; HYDROCARBONS; HETEROCYCLES; PETROLEUM AB Methods have been described for separating the sulfur content of aviation fuels into chemical classes for identification and quantitation. These separation methods simplified the fuel matrix, which allowed non-element-specific detection methods, such as mass spectrometry (MS), to be used for sulfur detection. These matrix simplification methods also enhanced the ability of element-specific detection methods, such as atomic emission detection (AED), to identify sulfur species that are present in the fuel. Separation of a model fuel mixture, as well as several representative aviation fuels, was performed using several different methods, including class-specific chemical oxidation methods that used iodine and another that used hydrogen peroxide, and a polarity-based separation that used a polar high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Following separation, sulfur concentration was quantified into "reactive" and "non-reactive" classes, on the basis of the ease of transformation of the species, using chemical oxidation procedures, which also relates to the tendency for the species to undergo typical hydrodesulfarization reactions with hydrogen. These two classes were broken down further, with sulfur compounds being classified as thiol, sulfides and disulfides, thiophenes, benzothiophenes, or dibenzothiophenes. The separation and identification methods proved to be robust and transferable; the results from two independent laboratories were in good agreement. Sulfur in the jet fuels tested in this study appeared mainly as thiols, sulfides, and disulfides, as determined by gas chromotography-atomic emission detection (GC-AED), following the chemical oxidation procedures. Of the refractory sulfur compounds, benzothiophenes comprised the majority, as determined by GC-MS following the (HPLC) fractionations. Thiophenes and dibenzothiophenes contributed minor amounts to the total concentration of refractory sulfur compounds. Two main components of the benzothiophene class were identified to be 2,3-dimethyl benzothiophene and 2,3,7-trimethyl benzothiophene. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Parsons Project Serv Inc, NETL Site Support Contractor, South Park, PA 15129 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Link, DD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1292 EP 1302 DI 10.1021/ef0300747 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 723ZU UT WOS:000185462200022 ER PT J AU Lee, H Jin, O Mall, S AF Lee, H Jin, O Mall, S TI Fretting fatigue behaviour of shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V at room and elevated temperatures SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE alloys; fatigue; fretting; multiaxial fatigue models; residual stress; shot-peening ID CRACK INITIATION; RELAXATION; DEGREESC; NICKEL; STEEL; WEAR AB Fretting fatigue behaviour of shot-peered titanium alloy, Ti-6A1-4V was investigated at room and elevated temperatures. Constant amplitude fretting fatigue tests were conducted over a wide range of maximum stresses, sigma(max) = 333 to 666 MPa with a stress ratio of R = 0.1. Two infrared heaters, placed at the front and back of specimen, were used to heat and maintain temperature of the gage section of specimen at 260degreesC. Residual stress measurements by x-ray diffraction method before and after fretting test showed that residual compressive stress was relaxed during fretting fatigue. elevated temperature induced more residual stress relaxation, which, in turn, decreased fretting fatigue life significantly at 260degreesC. Finite element analysis (MA) showed that the longitudinal tensile stress, or,, varied with the depth inside the specimen from contact surface during fretting fatigue and the largest orgy could exist away from the contact surface in a certain situation. A critical plane based fatigue crack initiation model, modified shear stress range parameter (MSSR), was computed from MA results to characterize fretting fatigue crack initiation behaviour. It showed that stress relaxation during test affected fretting fatigue life and location of crack initiation significantly. MSSR parameter also predicted crack initiation location, which matched with experimental observations and the number of cycles for crack initiation, which showed the appropriate trend with the experimental observations at both temperatures. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 767 EP 778 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00677.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 721LB UT WOS:000185316900002 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Malinowski, MJ Dick, EJ Hubbard, GB AF Barrier, BF Malinowski, MJ Dick, EJ Hubbard, GB TI Adenomyosis in the baboon: Association with primary infertility. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 11-15, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 80 SU 3 MA P414 BP S258 EP S258 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 727RM UT WOS:000185672400717 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Kendall, BS AF Barrier, BF Kendall, BS TI Evidence for expression of HLA-G by endometriotic glandular epithelium. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 11-15, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 80 SU 3 MA P305 BP S223 EP S223 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 727RM UT WOS:000185672400610 ER PT J AU Wilson, GF Russell, CA AF Wilson, GF Russell, CA TI Operator functional state classification using multiple psychophysiological features in an air traffic control task SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION METHODS; ADAPTIVE AUTOMATION; INDEXES AB We studied 2 classifiers to determine their ability to discriminate among 4 levels of mental workload during a simulated air traffic control task using psychophysiological measures. Data from 7 air traffic controllers were used to train and test artificial neural network and stepwise discriminant classifiers. Very high levels of classification accuracy were achieved by both classifiers. When the 2 task difficulty manipulations were tested separately, the percentage correct classifications were between 84% and 88%. Feature reduction using saliency analysis for the artificial neural networks resulted in a mean of 90% correct classification accuracy. Considering the data as a 2-class problem, acceptable load versus overload, resulted in almost perfect classification accuracies, with mean percentage correct of 98%. In applied situations, the most important distinction among operator functional states would be to detect mental overload situations. These results suggest that psychophysiological data are capable of such discriminations with high levels of accuracy. Potential applications of this research include test and evaluation of new and modified systems and adaptive aiding. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45504 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Interface Technol Branch, Human Engn Div,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, GF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45504 USA. NR 16 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1518/hfes.45.3.381.27252 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 751DU UT WOS:000187038200003 PM 14702990 ER PT J AU Colle, HA Reid, GB AF Colle, HA Reid, GB TI Spatial orientation in 3-D desktop displays: Using rooms for organizing information SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID NAVIGATION; REPRESENTATIONS; KNOWLEDGE AB Understanding how spatial knowledge is acquired is important for spatial navigation and for improving the design of 3-D perspective interfaces. Configural spatial knowledge of object locations inside rooms is learned rapidly and easily (Colle & Reid, 1998), possibly because rooms afford local viewing in which objects are directly viewed or, alternatively, because of their structural features. The local viewing hypothesis predicts that the layout of objects outside of rooms also should be rapidly acquired when walls are removed and rooms are sufficiently close that participants can directly view and identify objects. It was evaluated using pointing and sketch map measures of configural knowledge with and without walls by varying distance, lighting levels, and observation instructions. Although within-room spatial knowledge was uniformly good, local viewing was not sufficient for improving spatial knowledge of objects in different rooms. Implications for navigation and 3-D interface design are discussed. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of user interfaces, especially interfaces with 3-D displays. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Colle, HA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 424 EP 435 DI 10.1518/hfes.45.3.424.27257 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 751DU UT WOS:000187038200006 PM 14702993 ER PT J AU McKinney, EH Davis, KJ AF McKinney, EH Davis, KJ TI Effects of deliberate practice on crisis decision performance SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID EXPERT; TASK; JUDGMENT AB This study examined the impact of deliberate practice on pilot decision making in once-in-a-career crisis decision scenarios. First we explored the impact of deliberate practice on pilot decision-making performance for crisis flying scenarios that had been practiced in their entirety. Then we looked at the impact of deliberate practice in which one aspect of the crisis scenario - the particular malfunction - was unpracticed. We analyzed pilot decision-making performance in response to 160 airborne mechanical malfunctions. We initially found that deliberate practice significantly improves decision-making performance for wholly practiced crises but does not improve decision-making performance when the specific malfunction has not been practiced. We then split decision making for each crisis into two phases: assessment and action selection. For wholly practiced crisis scenarios, additional deliberate practice positively impacts each decision-making phase. However, for part-practiced scenarios, deliberate practice appears to differentially affect phase of error. Specifically, pilots with more deliberate practice erred in action selection, whereas less-practiced pilots erred in assessment. Actual or potential applications of this research include training proscriptions for crisis decision making. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Coll Business 324, Bowling Green, OH 45403 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP McKinney, EH (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Coll Business 324, Bowling Green, OH 45403 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1518/hfes.45.3.436.27251 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 751DU UT WOS:000187038200007 PM 14702994 ER PT J AU Andre, TS Hartson, HR Williges, RC AF Andre, TS Hartson, HR Williges, RC TI Determining the effectiveness of the usability problem inspector: A theory-based model and tool for finding usability problems SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID USER; WALKTHROUGHS; GUIDELINES; INTERFACES; SYSTEM AB Despite the increased focus on usability and on the processes and methods used to increase usability, a substantial amount of software is unusable and poorly designed. Much of this is attributable to the lack of cost-effective usability evaluation tools that provide an interaction-based framework for identifying problems. We developed the user action framework and a corresponding evaluation tool, the usability problem inspector (UPI), to help organize usability concepts and issues into a knowledge base. We conducted a comprehensive comparison study to determine if our theory-based framework and tool could be effectively used to find important usability problems in an interface design, relative to two other established inspection methods (heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthrough). Results showed that the UPI scored higher than heuristic evaluation in terms of thoroughness, validity, and effectiveness and was consistent with cognitive walkthrough for these same measures. We also discuss other potential advantages of the UPI over heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthrough when applied in practice. Potential applications of this work include a cost-effective alternative or supplement to lab-based formative usability evaluation during any stage of development. C1 USAF Acad, DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Andre, TS (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L101, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM terence.andre@usafa.af.mil NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 455 EP 482 DI 10.1518/hfes.45.3.455.27255 PG 28 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 751DU UT WOS:000187038200009 PM 14702996 ER PT J AU Laurvick, CA Singaraju, B AF Laurvick, CA Singaraju, B TI Nanotechnology in aerospace systems SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB A review of some of the progress that is being made in this exciting area of nanosciences and their potential impacts on the future of aerospace systems and capabilities. C1 Titan Syst Corp, San Diego, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Laurvick, CA (reprint author), Tital Syst Corp, 9116 Valley Run Dr, Clifton, VA USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1109/MAES.2003.1232155 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 718DR UT WOS:000185130300003 ER PT J AU Reid, JR Webster, RT Starman, LA AF Reid, JR Webster, RT Starman, LA TI Noncontact measurement of charge induced voltage shift in capacitive MEM-switches SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE capacitor; dielectric charging; MEMS; micromachining; microwave; millimeterwave; reliability; switches AB The use of a modulated microwave signal to directly measure the voltage shift induced by charge in the dielectric layer of a capacitive microelectromechanical (MEM) switch is presented. This method does not require the metal bridge to contact the dielectric layer and is thus much less intrusive than previously reported measurements. The technique is a useful tool for understanding charge build up and dissipation in capacitive MEM switches. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 9 BP 367 EP 369 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2003.817124 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 722UZ UT WOS:000185397500003 ER PT J AU Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Smith, BR Chen, ZM Ma, BM Chu, SY Horwath, JC Fingers, RT AF Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Smith, BR Chen, ZM Ma, BM Chu, SY Horwath, JC Fingers, RT TI Structure and magnetic properties of Sm(CobalFexZr0.05Cu0.08GayBz)(12) alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA DE 3d-rich magnetic alloy; exchange coupling; hard magnetic property; melt-spun AB 3d-rich alloys and their melt-spun materials with nominal compositions of Sm(CobalFexZr0.05 Cu0.08GayBz)(12) (x = 0.1-0.41, y = 0-0.01, z = 0.01-0.02) were synthesized and characterized in the temperature range of 10-1473 K and at fields up to 5 T. The main phase of the as-east alloys was formed in a Th2Ni17 type structure, exhibiting a strong uniaxial anisotropy. As a result, encouraging hard magnetic properties with T-c = 995-1086 K, H-a = 40-115 kOe, M-s = 10-12.8 kG at 300 K, and H-a = 60-180 kOe, M-s = 10.4-13.6 kG at 10,K were observed in the as-cast alloys. The melt-spun materials are nano-structured in nature and magnetically hard, even in the as-spun state. The following hard magnetic properties were observed: H-ci = 7-10 kOe, 4piM(s) = 9.4-11.7 kG, at 300 K, and H-ci 17-27 kOe, 4piM(s) = 9.6-12.1 kG, at 10 K. The highest (BH)(max) similar to9.8 MGOe at 300 K was obtained from the Sm(CobalFe0.31Zr0.05Cu0.08 B-0.02)(12) ribbon material. A Henkel plot analysis indicates the existence of a strong exchange-coupling interaction between the magnetically hard and soft phases in these ribbon materials. The effects of adding Ga, B, and Fe on the magnetic properties will be discussed. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Magnequench Technol Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, MQ (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Meiqing.Huang@wpafb.af.mil; Baominma@MQ11.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 2902 EP 2904 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2003.815742 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 728MZ UT WOS:000185722100224 ER PT J AU Irish, TH Dietz, DC Bauer, KW AF Irish, TH Dietz, DC Bauer, KW TI Replicative use of an external analytical model in simulation variance reduction SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID QUEUING NETWORK SIMULATION; CONTROL VARIABLES AB The control variate method is a well-known variance reduction technique for discrete event simulation. This article explores the variance reduction achieved by employing an external analytical model to consolidate multiple input random variables into a single "'Analytical" Control Variate (ACV). Previous research suggests that this approach can produce significant variance reduction, but the resulting point estimate of the simulation response may exhibit unacceptable bias. A general Monte Carlo sampling method for resolving the bias problem is developed and demonstrated through a queueing network example. In order to use the method, the means. variances, and approximate distributions of the random variables used to produce the ACV must be known. In many cases. these requirements are not difficult to satisfy. With the Monte Carlo modification, the ACV method performs favorably when compared with classical internal and external control variate approaches. We compare the different control variate methods based on confidence interval width reduction, realized coverage, and estimated mean-square-error. We also compare the computational efficiency of the ACV method with that of uncontrolled simulation. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dietz, DC (reprint author), Qwest Commun Int, 1801 Calif St, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 9 BP 879 EP 894 DI 10.1080/07408170304403 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 715QQ UT WOS:000184984100008 ER PT J AU Barabash, OM Milman, YV Miracle, DV Karpets, MV Korzhova, NP Legkaya, TN Mordovets, NM Podrezov, YN Voskoboinik, IV AF Barabash, OM Milman, YV Miracle, DV Karpets, MV Korzhova, NP Legkaya, TN Mordovets, NM Podrezov, YN Voskoboinik, IV TI Formation of periodic microstructures involving the Ll(2) phase in eutectic Al-Ti-Cr alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE aluminides; ternary alloy systems; eutectic structure; mechanical properties ID INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CUBIC PHASES; AL3TI; SYSTEM; OXIDATION AB The temperature-concentration parameters defining the existence of the eutectic transformation Lreversible arrowLl(2) + beta at the Al-rich corner of the Al-Ti-Cr phase diagram have been studied. The temperature of this transformation decreases from 1275 to 1250degreesC with decreasing titanium content in the alloy, and its temperature interval is at most 10degreesC. The univariant eutectic transformation line Lreversible arrowLl(2) + beta was constructed, whose coordinates on the concentration triangle are defined by the equation (in at.%): C-A1 = 95.48 3.45C(T1) + 0.068 (C-T1)(2). As a result of this transformation, periodic microstructures consisting of lamellae and fibres of the cubic Ll(2) and beta phases are produced. Transformations in the solid state which occur during cooling lead to the precipitation of intermetallic compounds from the beta-solid solution: TiAlCr (structural type C14) or AlCr2 (structural type Cll(b)). The position of the boundary at which the change of precipitating phases occurs was determined. The analysis of mechanical properties shows that the transition from single-phase Ll(2) aloys to eutectic microstructures is accompanied by enhancement of both strength and plasticity, while retaining a high elastic modulus. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IN Frantsenich Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. GV Kurdumov Inst Mat Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Milman, YV (reprint author), IN Frantsenich Inst Problems Mat Sci, 3 Krzhizhanovsky Str, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM milman@materials.kiev.ua OI Milman, Yuly/0000-0003-1889-7373 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 11 IS 9 BP 953 EP 962 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00122-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 718DK UT WOS:000185129700012 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Nicholas, T Stepp, D Paris, PC AF Vasudevan, AK Nicholas, T Stepp, D Paris, PC TI Fatigue damage of structural materials IV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 789 EP 789 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00168-3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300001 ER PT J AU John, R Jata, KV Sadananda, K AF John, R Jata, KV Sadananda, K TI Residual stress effects on near-threshold fatigue crack growth in friction stir welds in aerospace alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE analysis; crack growth; fatigue threshold; friction stir weld; heat affected zone; residual stress; stress ratio ID STRENGTH ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Friction stir welding (FSW) is being explored as a potential tool for manufacturing aluminum aerospace structures. Several joint configurations, butt, lap and fillet joints have been made in the production of such exploratory structures. Research work on S-N fatigue and fatigue crack growth in the weld zone is required to provide an understanding and tools to assess the damage tolerance issues in friction stir welded joints and structures. In this work, results of a study conducted on near-threshold fatigue crack growth in friction stir welded aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 and a titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V are presented. Tests were conducted on weld coupons as a function of specimen geometry (compact tension, eccentrically loaded single edge and center-crack tension) and stress ratio to understand the effects of residual stresses in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the alloy. Residual stresses were measured on samples machined from the friction stir welded plates prior to testing. The crack growth results show that residual stresses play a key role in the crack growth parallel to the weld-path in the HAZ. Although friction stir welding process induced low residual stresses in the welds, they are found to produce large effects on the near-threshold fatigue crack growth. In general, the magnitude of the shift in the fatigue threshold in the friction stir welded coupons is a function of microstructure, residual stresses and specimen geometry. However, for a constant microstructure, fatigue thresholds at low stress ratios, were specimen geometry dependent. The thresholds were either higher or lower than those of the parent material. At high stress ratio, the differences due to the specimen geometry vanish. Stress ratio studies show that the center-crack tension geometry is less sensitive to the residual stress effects compared to the compact tension geometry. Crack growth analysis using equivalent residual stresses was used to determine the residual stress intensity factor and predict stress ratio effects. The role of microstructure on the fatigue threshold in the welds is also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP John, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 146 Z9 152 U1 5 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.08.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300019 ER PT J AU Ruschau, J Thompson, SR Nicholas, T AF Ruschau, J Thompson, SR Nicholas, T TI High cycle fatigue limit stresses for airfoils subjected to foreign object damage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE foreign object damage (FOD); residual stress; impact; fatigue; titanium ID CRACK INITIATION; TI-6AL-4V AB The foreign object damage (FOD) on leading edge geometries from particles ingested into gas turbine engines found to be comprised of geometric discontinuities like a notch, the residual stresses in regions adjacent to the notch, and material degradation in the form of micro-cracks, plastic deformation, voids, etc. The extent of the damage is related to the geometry and characteristics of the impacting object as well as those of the leading edge in terms of the resultant high cycle fatigue (HCF) strength of a simulated airfoil geometry. Steel spheres having diameters ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mm are used as the impacting objects at velocities over a range from 60 to 500 m/s. The role of residual stresses is identified through the use of samples subjected to stress relief annealing. Simple notch analysis is used to estimate the effect of the geometry on the fatigue strength. Step-loading fatigue tests in tension-tension at 350 Hz are used to establish the HCF strength corresponding to 10(7) cycles. Impacts that result in the formation of craters are found to absorb more energy than those that produce chipped or fractured notches of the same geometry. Chipping, on the other hand, is found to be more detrimental to the HCF strength. Simple notch analysis is used to predict crater dimensions, but is found to be applicable only under limited conditions when residual stresses and material damage are not significant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruschau, J (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 955 EP 962 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00135-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300021 ER PT J AU Nicholas, T Hutson, A John, R Olson, S AF Nicholas, T Hutson, A John, R Olson, S TI A fracture mechanics methodology assessment for fretting fatigue SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE fretting; fatigue; fracture mechanics; titanium; threshold ID CRACK; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR AB A fracture mechanics methodology was evaluated for a fretting fatigue geometry in which one end of a specimen clamped between fretting pads was loaded in axial fatigue. In previous work, results from experiments on Ti-6Al-4V pads and specimens were evaluated using finite element analyses where stress intensity factors were calculated assuming a single-edge tension, Mode I crack to form. In the present work, mixed-mode behavior was considered and a more realistic crack geometry was incorporated. K-I and K-II were calculated from stress fields determined from the finite element analysis using a weight function method and assuming a single-edge Mode I/Mode II inclined crack. A correction was then applied based on empirical crack aspect ratio data. K-I and K-II were analyzed for several experimentally determined combinations of contact pad geometry, specimen thickness, and loading conditions used to obtain a range of normal and shear forces, each corresponding to a fatigue life of 10(7) cycles. The fracture mechanics methodology was used to determine the conditions for propagation or non-propagation of cracks that initiate in the edge of contact region based on a mixed-mode driving force and a short crack corrected threshold. The coefficient of friction was also varied in the analyses. The fracture mechanics approach appears to be a better method for determining the threshold for fretting fatigue than a stress analysis because thresholds for K are better known than criteria for crack initiation in a gradient stress field. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 1069 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00115-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300032 ER PT J AU Mall, S Nicholas, T Park, TW AF Mall, S Nicholas, T Park, TW TI Effect of predamage from low cycle fatigue on high cycle fatigue strength of Ti-6A1-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE high cycle fatigue; low cycle fatigue; predamage; titanium alloy; damage mechanisms ID TI-6AL-4V AB Effects of prior low cycle fatigue (LCF) cycling on the subsequent high cycle fatigue (HCF) limit stress corresponding to a life of 10(7) cycles are investigated for Ti-6Al-4V at room temperature. Tests are conducted at 420 Hz on an electrodynamic shaker-based system at several different LCF maximum loads and under subsequent HCF at R = 0.1, 0.5 and 0.8 using a step loading procedure. Under these load combinations, which include the possibility of overload or underload effects if cracks form, there is no statistically significant effect of the prior LCF on the subsequent HCF limit stress. While LCF loading at a high stress of 900 MPa is seen to result in strain ratcheting, no distinct features on the fracture surface and different mechanisms of crack propagation from those obtained at lower maximum loads were observed. LCF loading up to 50% of expected life did not produce any indications of crack formation from either the stress limit data or the fracture surfaces. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMN,AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLMN,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMN,AFIT,ENY, Bldg 640 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 1109 EP 1116 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00116-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300036 ER PT J AU Morrissey, RJ Golden, P Nicholas, T AF Morrissey, RJ Golden, P Nicholas, T TI The effect of stress transients on the HCF endurance limit SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE fatigue; endurance limit; threshold; titanium; overloads; load history ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; TI-6AL-4V AB Constant amplitude fatigue of a material at a fixed stress ratio, R, and at some limiting stress level, may produce high cycle fatigue (HCF) lives in excess of some large number, typically 10(7) or higher, which can be treated as an endurance limit. Under vibratory loading, stress transients can exceed this endurance limit amplitude and cause damage that accumulates with repeated transient loading. These HCF transients normally occur at lower stress amplitudes than those needed to cause low cycle fatigue (LCF) where lives, N, are typically in the range N < 10(4)-10(5). Therefore, the HCF transient stresses produce cycles to failure beyond the normal LCF regime but correspond to amplitudes that are above the fatigue limit stress. In this investigation, a titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, is subjected to HCF stress transients while being cycled under constant amplitude HCF. The HCF transients correspond to blocks of loading above the fatigue limit stress applied for a specified fraction of their expected life. A step-loading procedure is used to determine the fatigue limit stress at a frequency of 420 Hz. Stress transients applied at stresses up to 40% above the endurance limit for cycle counts up to 25% of expected life are found to have little or no effect on the fatigue limit stress. Simple calculations of the propagation life in a test specimen show that most of the life at these transient stress levels is spent in the nucleation phase. Fractography, aided by heat tinting, was unable to detect any prior cracks due to the HCF stress transients on the fractured specimens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, AFRL, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Morrissey, RJ (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 1125 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.08.013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300038 ER PT J AU Zilberstein, V Walrath, K Grundy, D Schlicker, D Goldfine, N Abramovici, E Yentzer, T AF Zilberstein, V Walrath, K Grundy, D Schlicker, D Goldfine, N Abramovici, E Yentzer, T TI MWM eddy-current arrays for crack initiation and growth monitoring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MA SP USN, USA, USAF DE eddy current; MWM; fatigue damage; magnetic permeability AB Permanently mountable and scanning MWM(R) (Meandering Winding Magnetometer) eddy-current arrays provide an effective means of monitoring fatigue in laboratory tests of specimens and test articles as well as in service on structural components, e.g., aircraft high-strength components, heavy machinery components, and bridge members. The MWM-Arrays can detect and monitor early stage fatigue damage and cracks by measuring electrical conductivity or, in the case of ferromagnetic materials, magnetic permeability. Preliminary results of fatigue tests with linear MWM-Arrays, mounted on a shot peened surface or on a shot peened and cadmium plated surface in the semi-cylindrical gage region of custom-designed high-strength fatigue specimen, are presented and discussed. The results indicate that both permanently mounted MWM-Arrays and scanning MWM-Arrays can detect fatigue damage in steels well before formation of cracks as verified by post-test scanning electron microscopy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 JENTEK Sensors Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. Bombardier, Montreal, PQ H3C 3G9, Canada. WR ALC, ENFM, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP JENTEK Sensors Inc, 110-1 Clematis Ave, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM jentek@shore.net NR 18 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 1147 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.08.010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300040 ER PT J AU Lin, LC Ponnappan, R AF Lin, LC Ponnappan, R TI Heat transfer characteristics of spray cooling in a closed loop SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE spray cooling; heat transfer enhancement; nucleate boiling heat transfer; two-phase flow ID SURFACE AB A closed loop spray cooling test setup is established for the cooling of high heat flux heat sources. Eight miniature nozzles in a multi-nozzle plate are used to generate a spray array targeting at a I x 2 cm(2) cooling surface. FC-87, FC-72, methanol and water are used as the working fluids. Thermal performance data for the multi-nozzle spray cooling in the confined and closed system are obtained at various operating temperatures, nozzle pressure drops (from 0.69 to 3.10 bar) and heat fluxes. It is exhibited that the spray cooler can reach the critical heat fluxes Up to go W/cm(2) with fluorocarbon fluids and 490 W/cm(2) with methanol. For water, the critical heat flux is higher than 500 W/cm(2). Air purposely introduced in the spray cooling system with FC-72 fluid has a significant influence on heat transfer characteristics of the spray over the cooling surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, LC (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 9 TC 150 Z9 173 U1 7 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 46 IS 20 BP 3737 EP 3746 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00217-5 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 705KC UT WOS:000184393400001 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Zhang, R Chandler, P Banda, S AF Singh, SN Zhang, R Chandler, P Banda, S TI Decentralized nonlinear robust control of UAVs in close formation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE control of UAVs; formation flying; nonlinear robust control; decentralized control ID LINEARIZABLE SYSTEMS; FLIGHT CONTROL; STABILIZATION AB This paper treats the design of a decentralized nonlinear robust control system for formation flying of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In close formation, it is assumed that vortex of any UAV affects the motion of all the UAVs behind it. The forces produced by these vortices are complex functions of relative position co-ordinates of the UAVs. In this paper, these forces are treated as unknown functions, which cannot be parameterized. Since the system is not invertible in the wind axes system, a simplified coordinate system obtained from the wind axes system for which the velocity roll (bank angle) is zero, is considered for the design of the control system. A nonlinear robust control system for the separation trajectory control of the wing aircraft in the simplified wind coordinate system is derived. Uncertain functions and unmeasured variables are estimated using a high-gain observer for the synthesis of the control system. Each wing UAV synthesizes its control law using its own state variables and the relative position of the preceding UAV with respect to the wing UAV. Thus the control system is decentralized since each UAV has to communicate (depending on sensors for position measurement) with at most one (preceding) UAV, and no data transmission from the remaining vehicles is required. Simulation results for two UAVs are presented which show precise separation trajectory control of each wing UAV in spite of the presence of unknown and unstructured vortex forces, while the lead aircraft maneuvers. Furthermore, these results confirm that when the wing aircraft is positioned properly in the vortex of the lead aircraft, it experiences reduction in its required flight power. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4505 Maryland Pathway,Box 454026, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1057 EP 1078 DI 10.1002/rnc.754 PG 22 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 724JT UT WOS:000185485000003 ER PT J AU Harris, TM Huttsell, LJ AF Harris, TM Huttsell, LJ TI Aeroelasticity research at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Wright Field) from 1953-1993 SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; FLOWS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harris, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 93 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 813 EP 819 DI 10.2514/2.6872 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 730WN UT WOS:000185853300002 ER PT J AU Schuster, DM Liu, DD Huttsell, LJ AF Schuster, DM Liu, DD Huttsell, LJ TI Computational aeroelasticity: Success, progress, challenge SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Dynamics Specialists Conference CY APR, 2003 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID EULER EQUATIONS; FIGHTER C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schuster, DM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 54 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 843 EP 856 DI 10.2514/2.6875 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 730WN UT WOS:000185853300005 ER PT J AU Burkhard, A Deitrich, R AF Burkhard, A Deitrich, R TI Joint strike fighter integrated subsystems technology, a demonstration for industry, by industry SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Integrated Subsystems Technology Demonstration Program was a highly successful industry-wide five-year program in which normally competitive JSF weapon system contractors and suppliers worked together with competitors to accomplish technology maturation and mitigate technological risks of a revolutionary subsystem concept for tactical aircraft that integrates the subsystems and utility functions thereby reducing the associated major equipment groups from 13 to 5. As a result of this integration, the volume, weight, and costs allocated to these subsystems are significantly reduced without sacrificing vehicle performance and safety. Major and minor management and execution methods used to focus, solidify, and maintain this industry team over the five-year program are outlined. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Joint Strike Fighter Program Off, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Burkhard, A (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 906 EP 913 DI 10.2514/2.6866 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 730WN UT WOS:000185853300011 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM Morton, SA Siegel, SG AF Cummings, RM Morton, SA Siegel, SG TI Computational simulation and experimental measurements for a delta wing with periodic suction and blowing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID VORTEX BREAKDOWN AB The low-speed, laminar flowfield for a 70-deg sweep delta wing is investigated. Solutions to the unsteady, three-dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes equations were obtained on an unstructured grid to match results from an experiment performed in a water tunnel. The experiment was conducted with the delta wing at an angle of attack of 35 deg and the freestream flow at a root-chord Reynolds number of 4.07 x 10(4). Particle image velocimetry measurements were made for the flowfield while periodic suction and blowing was taking place along the delta wing leading edge. The computational results are analyzed and compared with the experimental results to show how computations and experiments can be conducted in a synergistic fashion. Details about the primary vortex location, vortex burst, secondary vortex, and shear layer interaction are shown and discussed. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.2514/2.6868 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 730WN UT WOS:000185853300013 ER PT J AU Patel, MP Tilmann, CP Ng, TT AF Patel, MP Tilmann, CP Ng, TT TI Active transparent stall control system for air vehicles SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, Cleveland, OH 44143 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Patel, MP (reprint author), Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, Cleveland, OH 44143 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 993 EP 997 DI 10.2514/2.6885 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 730WN UT WOS:000185853300022 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Beran, PS AF Pettit, CL Beran, PS TI Effects of parametric uncertainty on airfoil limit cycle oscillation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2130 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 5 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1006 DI 10.2514/2.6889 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 730WN UT WOS:000185853300026 ER PT J AU Durstock, MF Spry, RJ Baur, JW Taylor, BE Chiang, LY AF Durstock, MF Spry, RJ Baur, JW Taylor, BE Chiang, LY TI Investigation of electrostatic self-assembly as a means to fabricate and interfacially modify polymer-based photovoltaic devices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DONOR-ACCEPTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS; SEQUENTIALLY ADSORBED LAYERS; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); POLY(PHENYLENE VINYLENE); WEAK POLYELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTING-POLYMER; DIODES; CELLS; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; PHOTODIODES AB This work focuses on studying a water-based processing method for fabricating and modifying polymer-based photovoltaic devices based on donor-acceptor type complexes. Electrostatic self-assembly is a simple technique that involves immersion of a substrate into dilute aqueous solutions of positively and negatively charged polymers. Extremely thin layers of these polymers are adsorbed onto the surface and their structure can be tailored by manipulating deposition conditions such as the concentration, pH, and salt content. Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) containing bilayers were examined as the donor block and water soluble, functionalized C-60 molecules were investigated for the acceptor block. By varying the number of bilayers deposited in each individual block (i.e., the block thickness), we have been able to demonstrate a peak in device performance. By controlling the thickness of both the donor and acceptor blocks, we have determined the optimal device architecture for this system. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the interface between the donor and acceptor layers can be modified by inserting thin interfacial layers in between the blocks. The insertion of only two interfacial bilayers apparently combines the donor and acceptor functionalities such that the efficiency can be improved by a factor of 3. From this, it is apparent that one strength of electrostatic self-assembly lies in the modification of surfaces and interfaces, which is a key capability for further development of polymeric photovoltaics. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Polymer Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), USAF, Polymer Branch, Res Lab, 2941 P St,Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 5 BP 3253 EP 3259 DI 10.1063/1.1601315 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EP UT WOS:000184844200068 ER PT J AU Coleman, NV Spain, JC AF Coleman, NV Spain, JC TI Epoxyalkane: Coenzyme M transferase in the ethene and vinyl chloride biodegradation pathways of Mycobacterium strain JS60 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKENE-UTILIZING BACTERIA; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; CLONING VECTORS; XANTHOBACTER; METABOLISM; PY2; ETHYLENE; CARBOXYLASE; OXIDATION; SUBSTRATE AB Mycobacterium strains that grow on ethene and vinyl chloride (VC) are widely distributed in the environment and are potentially useful for biocatalysis and bioremediation. The catabolic pathway of alkene assimilation in mycobacteria is not well characterized. It is clear that the initial step is a monooxygenase-mediated epoxidation that produces epoxyethane from ethene and chlorooxirane from VC, but the enzymes involved in subsequent transformation of the epoxides have not been identified. We investigated epoxyethane metabolism in Mycobacterium strain JS60 and discovered a coenzyme M (CoM)-dependent enzyme activity in extracts from VC-and ethene-grown cells. PCR amplifications using primers targeted at epoxyalkane:CoM transferase (EaCoMT) genes yielded part of the JS60 EaCoMT gene, which was used to clone an 8.4-kb genomic DNA fragment. The complete EaCoMT gene (etnE) was recovered, along with genes (etnABCD) encoding a four-component monooxygenase and two genes possibly involved in acyl-CoA ester metabolism. Reverse transcription-PCR indicated that the etnE and etnA genes were cotranscribed and inducible by ethene and VC. Heterologous expression of the etnE gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 155 using the pMV261 vector gave a recombinant strain capable of transforming epoxyethane, epoxypropane, and chlorooxirane. A metabolite identified by mass spectrometry as 2-hydroxyethyl-CoM was produced from epoxyethane. The results indicate that the EaCoMT and monooxygenase enzymes encoded by a single operon (etnEABCD) catalyze the initial reactions in both the VC and ethene assimilation pathways. CoM-mediated reactions appear to be more widespread in bacteria than was previously believed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Bldg 1117,139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM Jim.Spain@tyndall.af.mil NR 60 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 185 IS 18 BP 5536 EP 5545 DI 10.1128/JB.185.18.5536-5545.2003 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 719AR UT WOS:000185181500023 PM 12949106 ER PT J AU Cristoffer, C Peres, CA AF Cristoffer, C Peres, CA TI Elephants versus butterflies: the ecological role of large herbivores in the evolutionary history of two tropical worlds SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Macroevolution; Neotropics; Paleotropics; herbivores; rain forest; savanna; frugivory; flower visitors ID TAPIR TAPIRUS-TERRESTRIS; LOWLAND RAIN-FOREST; TABARO RIVER VALLEY; NATIONAL-PARK; FRUIT BATS; BODY-SIZE; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN VENEZUELA; FLORAL CHARACTERS AB Aim Large herbivores have important effects upon Paleotropical ecosystems, but attain much lower biomass densities in the Neotropics. We assess how this difference in herbivore activity has generated different ecological and evolutionary trajectories in the New and Old World tropics. We also propose an explanation for how the greater biomass density in the Old World came about. Location Data were compiled primarily from moist tropical forests, although more of the relevant information to address most of our hypotheses was available from the mainland areas of Africa, Asia, and South America than elsewhere. Methods We gleaned data from published information and personal communication. We compared body masses and a variety of other types of information for the New- and Old-World tropics. We proposed that interhemispheric differences exist in a variety of processes, including herbivory, frugivory, and flower visitation. We erected hypotheses and evaluated them qualitatively, and, when information was available, tested them using simple ratios of species in various taxonomic and trophic categories. To make the comparisons more meaningful, we specified appropriate data selection criteria. Results A general pattern of differences emerges from this review. Compared with Neotropical forests, the much greater biomass densities of large herbivores in Paleotropical forests are associated with a lesser diversity of small herbivores, different hunting methods used by indigenous humans, larger arboreal vertebrates, larger fruits, different patterns of fruit and flower dispersion in space and time, a lesser abundance of most types of reproductive plant parts, and other features. The existence of a species-rich fauna of large herbivores in the pre-Holocene Neotropical rain forest was not supported. Main conclusions The potential for large herbivores to cause functional differences between the New and Old World tropical forests has been virtually unexplored, despite the well-known importance of large herbivores in the Old World tropics. The evaluations of our hypotheses suggest that the abundance of large herbivores in the Old World tropics has launched it onto a different evolutionary trajectory than that of the NewWorld tropics. The relevant evidence, although scanty, suggests that the interhemispheric ecological differences are not an artefact of recent megafaunal extinctions in the New World. Recent human activities have, however, reduced population sizes of large wild herbivores in the Old World, and increased population sizes of livestock. This has likely created a rather homogeneous, anthropogenic selection pressure that tends to erase the evolutionary differences between the two tropical worlds. C1 CES CEVN, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. Univ E Anglia, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP 56 CES CEVN, 13970 W Lightning St, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. EM cris.cristoffer@luke.af.mil RI Peres, Carlos/B-1276-2013 OI Peres, Carlos/0000-0002-1588-8765 NR 230 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1357 EP 1380 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00926.x PG 24 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 717VU UT WOS:000185112100006 ER PT J AU Cigrang, JA Hryshko-Mullen, A Peterson, AL AF Cigrang, JA Hryshko-Mullen, A Peterson, AL TI Spontaneous reports of religious coping by patients with chronic physical illness SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN MEDICAL SETTINGS LA English DT Article DE religious coping; chronic illness; measurement ID HEALTH; CANCER; SPIRITUALITY; DEPRESSION; MEN AB Individuals undergoing the stress of physical illness often report the use of religious coping activities. This study compared the frequency of spontaneous reports of religious coping in three groups of patients including those with cancer preparing for a bone marrow transplant (n = 22), chronic pain (n = 36), and cardiovascular disease (n = 53). Participants were asked to respond to a written, open-ended question asking how they were coping with the challenges involved in their medical condition. The question asked them to list the resources, strategies, strengths, or behaviors that they found most helpful. No mention of religion or religious coping was included with the question. Of the 111 participants surveyed, 26.1% included religious coping in their responses. The relative percentage of religious coping was calculated by dividing the total number of coping responses by number of religious responses. Mean percentage of religious coping was highest in participants preparing for a bone marrow transplant (22.9%), followed by the cardiac group (5.7%), and the chronic pain group (3.8%). C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Clin Hlth Psychol Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RAF Lakenheath Hosp, Lakenheath, England. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Cigrang, JA (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Clin Hlth Psychol Serv, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9583 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL MED S JI J. Clin. Psychol. Med. Settings PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1023/A:1025494309495 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 715ET UT WOS:000184958100001 ER PT J AU Lin, AL Johnson, DA Stephan, KT Yeh, CK AF Lin, AL Johnson, DA Stephan, KT Yeh, CK TI Alteration in salivary function in early HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HIV; xerostomia; saliva; salivary glands ID CANDIDA-ALBICANS; PAROTID-SALIVA; FLOW-RATES; AIDS; XEROSTOMIA; PROTEINS; DISEASE AB The etiology of salivary gland hypofunction in HIV(+) patients is unclear. This study was designed to determine the effect of early-stage HIV(+) infection (CD4(+) > 200 cells/muL; n = 139) on salivary gland function and the relationship of this dysfunction to the taking of xerostomic medications. Salivary flow rates and the content of electrolytes and antimicrobial proteins in stimulated parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva were determined. Compared with healthy controls (n = 50), the HIV(+) group showed significant reductions in flow rates of unstimulated whole (35%),. stimulated parotid (47%), unstimulated submandibular/sublingual (23%), and stimulated submandibular/sublingual (39%) saliva. The flow rates for the HIV(+) patients taking xerostomic medications did not differ from those of patients who did not. Concentrations of some salivary gland components were altered in the HIV(+) group. Analysis of these data suggests that salivary gland function is adversely affected early in HIV infection and that these changes do not appear to be compounded by the taking of xerostomic medications. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Dent Diagnost Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Community Dent, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, HIV Unit, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Res Serv, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Yeh, CK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Dent Diagnost Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE12188] NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 9 BP 719 EP 724 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 716JF UT WOS:000185024500012 PM 12939357 ER PT J AU Tragesser, SG San, H AF Tragesser, SG San, H TI Orbital maneuvering with electrodynamic tethers SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The general perturbation equations are used to develop a guidance algorithm for electrodynamic tethers. The current in the tether is controlled to obtain an arbitrary orbit change for low Earth satellites. The tether is assumed to be perfectly aligned with the local vertical, and tether flexibility is neglected. Several numerical examples are simulated that demonstrate the ability of the guidance to maneuver the vehicle accurately. The guidance scheme is suitable for preliminary assessment of the feasibility and desirability of orbital maneuvering with electrodynamic tethers. The algorithm is also sufficiently robust for potential use onboard an operational vehicle. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tragesser, SG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 26 IS 5 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.2514/2.5115 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 721EZ UT WOS:000185305200016 ER PT J AU Piva, SR Erhard, RE Childs, JD Hicks, G Al-Abdulmohsin, H AF Piva, SR Erhard, RE Childs, JD Hicks, G Al-Abdulmohsin, H TI Reliability of measuring iliac crest level in the standing and sitting position using a new measurement device SO JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE reliability; measurement; iliac crest symmetry; standard error of measurement ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ROENTGEN STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; SACROILIAC JOINT; RADIOSTEREOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CLINICAL-TESTS; MOVEMENTS AB Background: To date, the reliability studies of iliac crest (IC) level used nominal scales and presented conflicting results. To perform the IC level measurement, we propose the use of a measurement device that is composed of an inclinometer mounted on a crest level tester that measures IC level in degrees. Objectives: To determine the interrater reliability of measuring iliac crest level in the standing and sitting position using an experimental device and to assess the precision of the measurements taken with the experimental device. Method: Forty individuals (mean age 40 12 years) referred to physical therapy for treatment of low back pain (LBP) participated in the study (16 male participants). Six examiners performed the measurements. Three of the 6 examiners performed the measurements on each individual. Each examiner independently performed the measurement of IC level in standing and in sitting using the measurement device. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients, [formula (1,1)] for measurement of IC level in standing and sitting, were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.7-0.9) and 0.73 (95% CI = 0.6-0.8), respectively. Standard errors of measurement for IC level in standing and sitting were 0.91 and 0.86 degrees, respectively. Conclusion: The use of a measurement device resulted in good reliability of IC level measurement in degrees in standing and moderate reliability of IC level in sitting position. This finding is relevant to plan future studies that will investigate if changes in IC level may be associated with outcomes of pain and function in patients with low back or pelvic dysfunctions. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Spine Specialty Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. ARAMCO, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. RP Piva, SR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Room 6035,Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0161-4754 J9 J MANIP PHYSIOL THER JI J. Manip. Physiol. Ther. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 7 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0161-4754(03)00097-6 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation GA 725AZ UT WOS:000185521600005 PM 12975630 ER PT J AU Wilson, E Payton, O Donegan-Shoaf, L Dec, K AF Wilson, E Payton, O Donegan-Shoaf, L Dec, K TI Muscle energy technique in patients with acute low back pain: A pilot clinical trial SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE exercise; lumbar spine; manual therapy ID OSWESTRY DISABILITY INDEX; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; PHYSICAL THERAPY; PRIMARY-CARE; MANIPULATION; MANAGEMENT; EXERCISE; SCALE; SPINE AB Study Design: A prospective, pilot clinical trial. Objective: Examining the outcomes of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) in patients with acute low back pain. Background: MET is commonly used to treat patients with acute low back pain. No randomized controlled trials examining the outcomes of this treatment in symptomatic populations has been reported in the literature. Methods and Measures: Ten men and 9 women diagnosed with acute low back pain were randomly assigned with stratification to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Patients were matched according to age, gender, and initial Oswestry score. The control group received supervised neuromuscular re-education and resistance training while the experimental group received the same exercises coupled with MET. Both groups received the selected treatment 8 times over a 4-week period (2 times per week). Patients completed an Oswestry Disability Index on their first and eighth visits and change scores were calculated. Results: A 2-tailed t test (P<.05) demonstrated a statistically significant difference with the experimental group showing greater improvement in the Oswestry Disability Index score than the control group. Conclusion: MET combined with supervised motor control and resistance exercises may be superior to neuromuscular re-education and resistance training for decreasing disability and improving function in patients with acute low back pain. C1 USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, Med Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Richmond, VA USA. RP Wilson, E (reprint author), USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, Med Grp 10, 10MDOS,SGOSY,4102 Pinion Dr,Sutie 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 502 EP 512 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 723JJ UT WOS:000185429000003 PM 14524509 ER PT J AU Kinsley-Scott, TR Norton, SA AF Kinsley-Scott, TR Norton, SA TI Useful plants of dermatology. VII: Cinchona and antimalarials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; FEVER BARK C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Norton, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 49 IS 3 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1067/S0190-9622(03)01281-7 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 716CV UT WOS:000185012000017 PM 12963916 ER PT J AU Atkins, BZ Kuo, J Shah, AS Hutcheson, KA Glower, DD von Ramm, OT AF Atkins, BZ Kuo, J Shah, AS Hutcheson, KA Glower, DD von Ramm, OT TI Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to construct clinically ready, load-independent indices of myocardial contractile performance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR VOLUMES; RECRUITABLE STROKE WORK; FRANK-STARLING RELATIONSHIP; SINGLE-BEAT DETERMINATION; CONSCIOUS DOGS; STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART-FAILURE; CHAMBER SIZE; WALL STRESS AB Background. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) reliably determines intracardiac chamber volumes without left ventricular (LV) geometric assumptions, yet clinical assessment of contractile performance is often on the basis of potentially inaccurate, load-dependent indices such as ejection fraction. Methods: In 6 chronically instrumented dogs, RT3DE estimated LV volumes at various loading conditions. Preload recruitable stroke work and end-systolic pressure-volume relationships were constructed. RT3DE-derived indices were compared with similar relationships determined by sonomicrometry. Results. Highly linear preload recruitable stroke work and end-systolic pressure-volume relationships were constructed by RT3DE and sonomicrometry. Mean preload recruitable stroke work slopes correlated between methods, but volume intercepts differed as a result of geometric assumptions of sonomicrometry. Conversely, RT3DE-derived end-systolic pressure-volume relationships did not correlate well with sonomicrometry. Conclusions: These data are unique in reporting load-independent measures of LV performance using RT3DE. These techniques would strengthen evaluation of LV function after myocardial ischemia or cardiac operation, in which frequent changes in ventricular geometry or loading conditions confound functional assessment by more traditional methods. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Emergent Cardiovasc Technol, Durham, NC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Atkins, BZ (reprint author), 59th MDW MCSG,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. OI Shah, Ashish/0000-0002-1821-9110 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0894-7317 J9 J AM SOC ECHOCARDIOG JI J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 16 IS 9 BP 922 EP 930 DI 10.1016/S0894-78317(03)00515-7 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 718YK UT WOS:000185174000004 PM 12931103 ER PT J AU Park, MS Cancio, LC Batchinsky, AI McCarthy, MJ Jordan, BS Brinkley, WW Dubick, MA Goodwin, CW AF Park, MS Cancio, LC Batchinsky, AI McCarthy, MJ Jordan, BS Brinkley, WW Dubick, MA Goodwin, CW TI Assessment of severity of ovine smoke inhalation injury by analysis of computed tomographic scans SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 15-18, 2003 CL FT MYERS, FLORIDA SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE smoke inhalation injury; lung; adult respiratory distress syndrome; sheep; computed tomography; radiograph ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; INDUCED LUNG INJURY; SHEEP MODEL; FAILURE; PULMONARY; VENTILATION; PRESSURE; POSITION; DENSITY; BURNS AB Background: Our goal was to evaluate computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest as a means of stratifying smoke inhalation injury (SII) severity. Methods: Twenty anesthetized sheep underwent graded SII: group I, no smoke; group II, 5 smoke units; group III, 10 units; and group IV, 16 units. CT scans were obtained at 6, 12, and 24 hours after injury. Each quadrant of each slice was scored subjectively: 0 = normal, 1 = interstitial markings, 2 = ground-glass appearance, and 3 = consolidation. The sum of all scores was the radiologist's score (RADS) for that scan. Computerized analysis of three-dimensional reconstructed scans was also performed, based on Hounsfield unit ranges: hyperinflated, -1,000 to -900; normal, -899 to -500; poorly aerated, -499 to -100; and nonaerated, -99 to +100. The fraction of abnormal lung tissue (FALT) was computed from poorly aerated, nonaerated, and total volumes. Mean gray-scale density (DENS) was also computed. Results: SII resulted in severity- and time-related changes in oxygenation (alveolar-arterial gradient), ventilation (respiratory rate-pressure product), DENS, FALT, and RADS. Ordinal logistic regression generated a predictive model for severity of injury (r(2) = 0.623, p = 0.001), retaining RADS at 24 hours and rejecting the other variables. Conclusion: At 24 hours, CT scanning enabled SII severity stratification; qualitative evaluation (RADS) outperformed current semiautomated methods (DENS, FALT). C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Traumatol & Surg Crit Care, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Cancio, LC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000083609.24440.7F PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 721DZ UT WOS:000185302900005 PM 14501881 ER PT J AU George, LE Book, WJ AF George, LE Book, WJ TI Inertial vibration damping of a flexible base manipulator SO JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control CY AUG 19-23, 2002 CL SAITAMA, JAPAN DE macro/micromanipulator; inertial vibration damping; inertial singularity; flexible manipulator; active vibration control AB A rigid (micro) robot mounted serially to the tip of a long, flexible (macro) manipulator is often used to increase reach capability, but flexibility in the macromanipulator can make it susceptible to vibration. A rigid manipulator attached to a flexible but unactuated base was used to study a scheme to achieve positioning of the micromanipulator combined with enhanced vibration damping of the base. The interaction forces and torques acting between the robot and its flexible base were modeled and studied. Simulated and measured interactions generated at the base of a three degree of freedom rigid robot are compared. Simulated and experimental results are included that demonstrate with the proper control of these interactions, damping can be added to the base. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Intelligent Machine Dynam Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP George, LE (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG, SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1344-7653 J9 JSME INT J C-MECH SY JI JSME Int. J. Ser. C-Mech. Syst. Mach. Elem. Manuf. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 46 IS 3 BP 798 EP 806 DI 10.1299/jsmec.46.798 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 740CF UT WOS:000186382700002 ER PT J AU Cigrang, JA Carbone, EG Lara, A AF Cigrang, JA Carbone, EG Lara, A TI Four-year prospective study of military trainees returned to duty following a mental health evaluation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term outcome for military trainees referred for a mental health evaluation during basic training. Participants were 261 Air Force basic trainees seen for a mental health evaluation during January through October 1997 and returned to duty. Frequency and type of discharge from the military were documented for participants during a 4-year follow-up period. The results showed that two-thirds of the study sample failed to complete their obligated tour of duty. Most discharges occurred within a 100-day period from the time of the evaluation. Common discharge types were physical condition interfering with performance of duty, entry-level performance and conduct, fraudulent entry, and character or behavior disorder. Implications of the findings for mental health providers working in a military training environment are discussed. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Sperduto & Associates, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Cigrang, JA (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 168 IS 9 BP 710 EP 714 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LH UT WOS:000186403500006 PM 14529244 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Duan, XF Pachter, R AF Akdim, B Duan, XF Pachter, R TI The effects of O-2 adsorbates on field emission properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes: A density functional theory study SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; MOLECULES; OXYGEN; OXIDATION; BUNDLES; FILMS AB We report a theoretical study on the effects of 02 adsorption at tips of single-wall carbon nanotubes for capped and uncapped geometries. Adsorption mechanisms that take place at the tip, also including the effects of an electric field, are described, highlighting configurations that alter emission properties. Changes in the first ionization potentials upon O-2 adsorption are consistent with the experimentally observed current suppression, demonstrating the usefulness of first principles calculations in understanding adsorption mechanisms, and the prediction of properties related to field emission. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ML, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ASC, HP, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Major Shared Resource Ctr High Performance Comp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ML, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1209 EP 1214 DI 10.1021/nl034364b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 721RQ UT WOS:000185330700007 ER PT J AU Frickenstein, SG Whitaker, LR AF Frickenstein, SG Whitaker, LR TI Age replacement policies in two time scales SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE age replacement; multiple time scales; renewal theory ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE; SYSTEMS; CHOICE AB We develop and estimate optimal age replacement policies for devices whose age is measured in two time scales. For example, the age of a jet engine can be measured in the number of flight hours and the number of landings. Under a single-scale age replacement policy, a device is replaced at age tau or upon failure, whichever occurs first. We show that a natural generalization to two scales is to replace nonfailed devices when their usage path crosses the boundary of a two-dimensional region M, where M is a lower set with respect to the matrix partial order. For lifetimes measured in two scales, we consider devices that age along linear usage paths. We generalize the single-scale long-run average cost, estimate optimal two-scale policies, and give an example. We note that these policies are strongly consistent estimators of the true optimal policies under mild conditions, and study small-sample behavior using simulation. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF Acad, CCX, Off Superintendent, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Frickenstein, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, CCX, Off Superintendent, HQ USAFA,2304 Cadet Dr,Suite 342, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 592 EP 613 DI 10.1002/nav.10078 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 717GV UT WOS:000185079900004 ER PT J AU Restaino, SR Teare, SW DiVittorio, M Gilbreath, GC Mozurkewich, D AF Restaino, SR Teare, SW DiVittorio, M Gilbreath, GC Mozurkewich, D TI Analysis of the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1-m telescope using annular Zernike polynomials SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE imaging systems; adaptive optics; astronomical optics AB The Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1-m telescope is evaluated for the addition of adaptive optics capabilities to its instrumentation suite. Zernike decomposition of the optical system based on phase diversity measurements shows that the static optical aberrations are small enough that they will not degrade the performance of the deformable optical element. The analysis makes use of annular pupil Zernike polynomial reconstruction of the wavefront to accommodate the large obscuration in this telescope and compares this with the results from using filled circular Zernike polynomials. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-optical instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, USN, Res Lab, DEBS,Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USAF, USN, Res Lab, DEBS,Remote Sensing Div, Cope 7215, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 42 IS 9 BP 2491 EP 2495 DI 10.1117/1.1598210 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 721AX UT WOS:000185295800007 ER PT J AU Baugher, B Goldstein, J AF Baugher, B Goldstein, J TI Temperature dependence of the birefringence of SiC SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ZNGEP2 BIREFRINGENCE; SILICON-CARBIDE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; INTERFERENCE; DISPERSION AB Measurements of the birefringence of 6H-SiC, as well as its temperature dependence, are presented. The results are used to explore the possibilities this material presents as a mid-infrared non-linear optical parametric oscillator. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cedarville Univ, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. RP Goldstein, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPO, 3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1016/S0925-3467(03)00017-X PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 704YD UT WOS:000184368500003 ER PT J AU Alsing, PM Huang, DH Cardimona, DA Apostolova, T AF Alsing, PM Huang, DH Cardimona, DA Apostolova, T TI Interplay between Coulomb interaction and quantum interference in three-level resonant asymmetric double quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATES AB A many-body density-matrix theory is derived by including quasiparticle renormalization of kinetic energy and dipole coupling to an external electromagnetic field, as well as the screening and quantum-interference effects. This theory is applied to a three-level resonant asymmetric double-quantum-well system in which the ground subband is coupled to the upper tunneling-split doublet by a strong external electromagnetic field. By using this theory, the quasiparticle energy-level separations and off-diagonal radiative-decay coupling rates, absorption coefficient, refractive-index function, and scaled subband electron density are calculated as functions of incident photon energy. The effects of quasiparticle renormalization on the quantum interference between a pair of optically induced polarizations are analyzed. The quantum interference is shown to be robust against the Coulomb-interaction effect in the mean-field approximation. The roles played by the dephasing rate and electron density are explained. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.033804 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700104 ER PT J AU Gillen, GD Van Woerkom, LD AF Gillen, GD Van Woerkom, LD TI Analysis of resonance structure in the above-threshold ionization photoelectron spectra of magnesium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUBPICOSECOND LASER-PULSES; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; XENON; FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY; NM AB Using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and 120-fs, 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser pulses, we observe and analyze intensity-dependent resonant population of specific intermediate excited states of neutral magnesium atoms and their subsequent photoionization in the laser field. Various participating states are identified using angular-momentum selection rules, partial yields, and angular distributions. Several unexpected results are observed and discussed, including peaks that do not correspond to expected resonant processes, and order-to-order variations in the photoelectron spectra. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Gillen, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Anteon Corp, Bldg 71A,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.033401 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 728KQ UT WOS:000185716700076 ER PT J AU Mowle, TS AF Mowle, TS TI Worldviews in foreign policy: Realism, liberalism, and external conflict SO POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE problem representation; foreign policy decision-making; worldview; content analysis; United States foreign policy; international relations theory ID INTERNATIONAL-RELATIONS THEORY; DECISION-MAKING; OPERATIONAL CODE; RELATIVE GAINS; WAR; POLITICS; POWER; PARTICIPATION; COOPERATION; ATTRIBUTES AB International relations studies have been unable to determine whether realist or liberal theories better fit state behavior in various situations, possibly because these studies have attributed motive and action to the states rather than to the decision-makers within them. This article develops a new, more direct approach to resolving this problem. Hypotheses were tested regarding conditions under which decision-makers are likely to articulate a problem representation consistent with liberal or realist elements of a worldview. This was done by content analysis of statements about 36 foreign conflicts by the governments of three "bystander" nations-the United States, Canada, and India-over a 16-year period. The findings indicate that systemic and situational factors are far more important than domestic factors. States tend to represent wars in congruence with liberalism primarily when their security is already assured by another power or when the conflict does not involve allies, rivals, or fellow democracies. Thus, most of the expectations of realism are supported at the psychological level. C1 USAF Acad, DFPS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mowle, TS (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFPS, 2354 Fairchild Hall,Suite 6L112, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 162 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0162-895X J9 POLIT PSYCHOL JI Polit. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 561 EP 592 DI 10.1111/0162-895X.00341 PG 32 WC Political Science; Psychology, Social SC Government & Law; Psychology GA 705ZK UT WOS:000184427000007 ER PT J AU Donley, M Bierwagen, G AF Donley, M Bierwagen, G TI A collection of papers from The Keystone II Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings, Held in Keystone, Colorado, 12-17 August, 2002 - Foreword SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AFRL, MLBT, Dayton, OH USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Polymers & Coatings, Fargo, ND USA. RP Donley, M (reprint author), AFRL, MLBT, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP XI EP XII DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00247-9 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Barbato, MJ Hopkins, SR O'Malley, MJ AF Johnson, JA Barbato, MJ Hopkins, SR O'Malley, MJ TI Dispersion and film properties of carbon nanofiber pigmented conductive coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE conductive coating; carbon nanofiber; nanotube; dispersion; percolation threshold ID COMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; MATRIX AB The use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for coatings applications has been quite limited because of problems associated with obtaining dispersions of individual tubes/fibers. The potential for unique properties associated with these materials, such as obtaining electrical conductivity at very low volume concentrations, is dependent upon exploiting their very large geometric aspect ratios. Therefore, dispersion quality has a direct relationship to performance. We have developed a novel dispersion technique that appears to yield high quality dispersions without significant damage to the nanofiber properties. This technique involves the exfoliation of an aklylamine hectorite clay in the presence of nanofiber agglomerates, forming a stable gel, followed by stabilization with a suitable dispersant. We hypothesize that the size of the clay platelets is appropriate to penetrate the pores of the nanofiber agglomerates to assist in dispersive forces. Several thermoplastic acrylic coating formulations were prepared at various nanofiber volume concentrations utilizing this dispersion method. The onset of DC electrical conductivity was observed at only 4% volume concentration, indicative of high aspect ratios. Conductivity increases as a power law function of nanofiber volume concentration, resulting in 1.0 S/cm values at similar to12% volume. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. So Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00139-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800006 ER PT J AU Khramov, AN Balbyshev, VN Voevodin, NN Donley, MS AF Khramov, AN Balbyshev, VN Voevodin, NN Donley, MS TI Nanostructured sol-gel derived conversion coatings based on epoxy- and amino-silanes SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE nano-particle; epoxy-silane; amino-silane ID CORROSION; 2024-T3; ALUMINUM AB Inorganic/organic hybrid conversion surface coatings for long-term protection of aluminum alloys against atmospheric corrosion have been developed based on a unique self-assembled nanophase particle (SNAP) coating process. Nano-particles with peripheral epoxy functional groups are pre-formed in an aqueous sol-gel process and then assembled and crosslinked upon application on the substrate surface. Mono-, di-, and tri-functional amino-silanes have been used as crosslinking agents. Corrosion resistance properties of these hybrid nanocomposite coatings studied by a variety of electrochemical testing methods including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning vibrating electrode technique, and potentiodynamic scan method, indicate excellent barrier protection performance of the coatings. For comparison, coatings crosslinked with amino-silanes offer significant improvement in coating performance over the previously described SNAP formulations with a conventional amine crosslinker-diethylenetriamine. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Coatings Res Grp, Nonstruct Mat Branch, Nonmet Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khramov, AN (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 15 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00140-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800007 ER PT J AU Kasten, LS Balbyshev, VN Donley, MS AF Kasten, LS Balbyshev, VN Donley, MS TI Surface analytical study of self-assembled nanophase particle (SNAP) surface treatments SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE nanoparticles; coatings; XPS; sol-gel; GPTMS; TMOS ID XPS; ALUMINUM AB The recent discovery of a Self-assembled NAnophase Particle (SNAP) process of forming functionalized silica nanoparticles in situ from hydrolyzed tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) in an aqueous sol-gel process, and then crosslinking the nanoparticles to form a thin, dense, protective film on Al aerospace alloys, is an excellent example of a nanoscience approach to coatings. To investigate the surface chemistry of the SNAP films, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to obtain detailed chemical state information on the coating constituents. During the course of these surface aralytical studies, a charge referencing method from which accurate and reliable photoelectron peak binding energies could be determined was developed. Use of an internal standard allowed the spectra to be charge referenced, and the referenced data enabled accurate identification of chemical states in the SNAP coatings. Results indicate that the Si bonds present in the SNAP film are a combination of the bonds in the individual precursors TMOS and GPTMS. These data support the concept that the nanosized siloxane macromolecule structures of the precursors are retained through the coating application process and basically comprise the film. There is little evidence of other chemical reactions occurring. This chemical state information was verified by a silicon chemical state plot and the calculated modified Auger parameter, which fell between the precursors' Auger parameter values. The XPS peak data and Auger parameter data are both self-consistent and consistent with the presented model of the SNAP film. The XPS analysis provides an overview of the film chemistry and changes that could occur during the processing. Researchers involved in the XPS analysis of organic coatings could benefit greatly from the demonstration and application of good charge referencing techniques. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Coatings Res Grp, Nonmet Mat Div, Nonstruct Mat Branch,Air Force Res Labs,Mat & Mfg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kasten, LS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 214 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.08.010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800008 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Brott, LL Rodriguez, F Agarwal, G Kirkpatrick, SM Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Brott, LL Rodriguez, F Agarwal, G Kirkpatrick, SM Stone, MO TI Bio-inspired approaches and biologically derived materials for coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE biomimetics; proteins; holograms; silver; two-photon induced photopolymerization ID BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; POLYMERIZATION; SILICA; PEPTIDES AB The synthesis of composite materials that exhibit inhomogeneities on the sub-micron or nanometer scale using chemical and physical deposition processes is a challenge. The use of a biontimetic approach may compliment existing methods in creating materials that exhibit properties that would not be otherwise achieved. We describe herein our efforts to fabricate functional optical devices that incorporate biomolecules. By incorporating biomolecules into monomer systems that can be cured using a two-photon polymerization mechanism, greater spatial resolution and increased biological viability can be achieved. In addition, the polymer can be patterned using ultrafast nonlinear holography to create a functional optical device. By exploiting the use of biomolecules to control the deposition of inorganics, functional coatings can be fabricated for a variety of optical and electronic applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Sanguansri, Luz/B-6630-2011; Agarwal, Gunjan/E-2616-2011 OI Sanguansri, Luz/0000-0003-1908-7604; NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00141-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800011 ER PT J AU Balbyshev, VN Anderson, KL Sinsawat, A Farmer, BL Donley, MS AF Balbyshev, VN Anderson, KL Sinsawat, A Farmer, BL Donley, MS TI Modeling of nano-sized macromolecules in silane-based self-assembled nano-phase particle coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE sol-gel; corrosion protection; SNAP AB Molecular simulation approaches have been used to enhance the understanding of complex chemical interactions in coatings related processes. The Self-assembled NAno-phase Particle (SNAP) coating process relies on aqueous solution processes, similar to those used in conventional sol-gel synthesis, to form siloxane nano-sized structures, which are subsequently cross-linked upon film application. This process has been shown to produce a dense, protective thin film on metal substrates. The SNAP process involves design and selection of the coating constituents, based on the desired functionalities for network formation and cross-linking chemistry. In order to facilitate the design of coating components at the molecular level, it is imperative to gain a fundamental understanding of these complex phenomena. Molecular simulations on several oligomers with different side chains have been performed to study components of the of Si-O networks during the SNAP particle formation process. Several ring structures of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) have been considered. Geometry optimization of the cyclic Si-O structure formation has been performed, and ring strain parameters have been calculated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Balbyshev, VN (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00126-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800021 ER PT J AU Balbyshev, VN Khramov, A King, DJ Phillips, BS Kasten, LS Donley, MS AF Balbyshev, VN Khramov, A King, DJ Phillips, BS Kasten, LS Donley, MS TI Investigation of nanostructured Al-based quasicrystal thin films for corrosion protection SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE quasicrystals; corrosion protection; aluminum alloys ID CU-FE; SURFACE; COMPOSITE AB Quasicrystals belong to a particular type of solids, which consist of highly symmetric atom clusters. The structure is neither periodically ordered, as in crystalline materials, nor amorphous, as in a glass. Recent work has shown that thin film quasicrystal coatings can have unique properties such as very high electrical and thermal resistivities and very low surface energy, which may result in interesting corrosion properties. For example, aluminum alloy based quasicrystals are insulator alloys containing about 70% of aluminum. Other interesting properties involving, for instance, adhesion, corrosion, friction, and hardness suggest that quasicrystal coatings are promising materials for a variety of industrial applications. The corrosion related properties of aluminum alloy based quasicrystal thin film coatings have been studied on coated AA2024 substrates. The thin film deposition parameters are briefly discussed. Results of the microstructural, surface chemistry, and surface energy analysis of the quasicrystal films are presented. The corrosion protection properties of the films have been studied by potentiodynamic scan and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of the electrochemical data indicates that tranostructured quasicrystal films significantly resist corrosion of AA2024-T3 substrates in a constant immersion environment. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Systran Fed, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Balbyshev, VN (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00128-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800023 ER PT J AU Iroh, JO Zhu, YR Shah, K Levine, K Rajagopalan, RR Uyar, T Donley, M Mantz, R Johnson, J Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Khramovb, AN AF Iroh, JO Zhu, YR Shah, K Levine, K Rajagopalan, RR Uyar, T Donley, M Mantz, R Johnson, J Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Khramovb, AN TI Electrochemical synthesis: a novel technique for processing multi-functional coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE polyaniline (PANi); polypyrrole (PPy); PPy-PANi composite coatings; PPy/PPy-PANi bi-layer coatings; electrochemical synthesis ID AQUEOUS OXALIC-ACID; POLYPYRROLE COATINGS; STEEL; IRON; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION; INTERPHASE; ANILINE; ELECTRODEPOSITION; NUCLEATION; ADHERENT AB Electrochemical synthesis is a powerful tool for surface modification, substrate cleaning and formulation of thin films and bulk materials. It is especially suited for surface modification of fibers, metals and films. In the past decade electrochemical method has become the preferred technique for in situ passivation, and coating of commodity metals such as aluminum, zinc, copper and steel. We have successfully synthesized different kinds of conducting polymers, including polypyrrole (PPy)-polyaniline (PANi) composites. The processability and corrosion performance of PPy/PANi, composite coatings are significantly better than those for either PPy or PANi, coatings. In this paper, we will discuss the use of electrochemical technique in the synthesis and characterization of multi-functional corrosion resistant conducting polymer coatings for aerospace and automotive applications. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Nonmetall Div, Mfg & Mat Directorat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iroh, JO (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan/H-9306-2012; OI Levine, Kirill/0000-0002-1050-6609; Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan/0000-0002-2509-5056; Uyar, Tamer/0000-0002-3989-4481 NR 18 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.07.006 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800024 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Khobaib, M Curliss, D AF Chen, CG Khobaib, M Curliss, D TI Epoxy layered-silicate nanocomposites SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE nanocomposites; epoxy; morphology; in situ small-angle X-ray scattering; solvent diffusion; potentiodynamic polarization; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ID CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; EXFOLIATION AB Polymer layered-silicate nanocomposites have attracted a lot of attention because of impressive enhancements of polymeric properties. In this research, both commercially available and synthesized organolayered silicates, which are compatible with the epoxy resins, were used to make epoxy nanocomposites. The epoxy resin used in this research includes Epon 862/curing agent W (the aerospace epoxy resin), the Epon 828/Epi-Cure curing agent 8290-Y-60 (used as the primer layer for corrosion prevention in aircraft coating), and Epon 828/Jeffamine D400. The morphology of the nanocomposites was characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAX-D), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology development for the aerospace epoxy-organoclay nanocomposite was monitored through in situ SAXS and analyzed. The solvent absorption of the exfoliated aerospace epoxy-organoclay nanocomposite in acetone was examined, and the diffusion coefficients of solvent in the nanocomposites were reduced. The organoclay/Epon 828/Y-60 and organoclay/Epon 828/D400 nanocomposite were used to make coatings on an Al surface. The anticorrosion properties of the nanocomposite coating were evaluated and discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, CG (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 16 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00130-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800025 ER PT J AU Donley, MS Mantz, RA Khramov, AN Balbyshev, VN Kasten, LS Gaspar, DJ AF Donley, MS Mantz, RA Khramov, AN Balbyshev, VN Kasten, LS Gaspar, DJ TI The self-assembled nanophase particle (SNAP) process: a nanoscience approach to coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE SNAP; time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry; atomic force microscopy; nanophase; self-assembly; XPS ID GEL SURFACE TREATMENTS; ALUMINUM 2024-T3 AB In the corrosion protection of aluminum-skinned aircraft, surface pretreatment and cleaning are critical steps in protecting aerospace alloys from corrosion. Our recent discovery of a revolutionary new method of forming functionalized silica nanoparticles in situ in an aqueous-based sol-gel process, and then crosslinking the nanoparticles to form a thin film, is an excellent example of a nanoscience approach to coatings. This coating method is called the self-assembled nanophase particle (SNAP) process. The SNAP coating process consists of three stages: (1) sol-gel processing; (2) SNAP solution mixing; (3) SNAP coating application and cure. Here, we report on key parameters in the 'sol-gel processing' and the 'coating application and cure' stages in the GPTMS/TMOS system. The SNAP process is discussed from the formation of the nanosized macromolecules to the coating application and curing process. The 'sol-gel processing' stage involves hydrolysis and condensation reactions and is controlled by the solution pH and water content. Here, the molar ratio of water to hydrolysable silane is a key factor. SNAP solutions have been investigated by NMR, IR, light scattering, and GPC to identify molecular condensation structures formed as a function of aging time in the solution. In moderate pH and high water content solutions, hydrolysis occurs rapidly and condensation kinetic conditions are optimized to generate nanophase siloxane macromolecules. In the 'SNAP solution mixing' stage, crosslinking agents and additives are added to the solution, which is then applied to a substrate by dip-coating to form the SNAP coating. The chemical structure and morphology of the films have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). SNAP films are amorphous but exhibit nanostructured assembly of siloxane oligomers at a separation of about 1.8 nm as well as molecular level ordering of O-Si-O species. The surface analytical data indicate that the films retain the basic chemical arrangement of the siloxane macromolecules/oligorners and crosslinking process creates a network of siloxane oligomers tethered together. Results of these analyses are then used to construct a model of the SNAP coating. Results of these analyses are discussed in detail. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Nonmetall Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Coatings Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kasten, LS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 401 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.progcoat.2003.08.017 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800028 ER PT J AU Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Khobaib, M Donley, MS AF Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Khobaib, M Donley, MS TI Nanostructured coatings approach for corrosion protection SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, CO DE nanostructured coatings; self-assembled nanophase particle; sol-gel ID SOL-GEL COATINGS AB Nanostructured surface treatment coatings based on the Self-assembled Nanophase Particle (SNAP) approach were investigated as potential replacement for chromate-based surface treatments on aircraft aluminum alloys. In the traditional sol-gel method, hydrolysis-condensation processes are followed by condensation polymerization upon film application. This process sequence provides a low temperature route to the preparation if thin coatings which are readily applied to most metallic substrates. The recent discovery of a method of forming functionalized silica nanoparticles in situ in an aqueous sol-gel process, and then cross-linking the nanoparticles to form a thin film, is an excellent example of a nanoscience approach to coatings. This Self-assembled Nanophase Particle (SNAP) process can be used to form thin, dense protective organic surface treatment coatings on A1 aerospace alloys. The ability to design coating components from the molecular level upward offers tremendous potential for creating multifunctional coatings. The important components of A1 alloy corrosion inhibition by chromate are storage and release of Cr-V1 species, inhibition of cathodic reactions (primarily oxygen reduction), and inhibition of attack at active sites in the alloy. Unlike chromate-based treatments, current SNAP coatings provide barrier-type corrosion resistance but do not have the ability to leach corrosion inhibitors upon coating damage and minimize corrosion of the unprotected area. In this study, organic inhibitors were tested for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys in combination with the (SNAP). Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique, anodic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt spray test were used to study this new approach for chromate replacement. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT,Coatings Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Voevodin, NN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT,Coatings Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM natasha.voevodin@afrl.af.mil NR 14 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00131-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800029 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Heidenreich, JJ Mantz, RA Baker, PM Donley, MS AF Johnson, JA Heidenreich, JJ Mantz, RA Baker, PM Donley, MS TI A multiple-scattering model analysis of zinc oxide pigment for spacecraft thermal control coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Nanoscale Approaches to Multifunctional Coatings CY AUG 12-17, 2002 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO DE thermal control coating; zinc oxide pigment; Mie scattering; light scattering efficiency ID KUBELKA-MUNK SCATTERING; RUTILE TIO2; PARTICLES; FILMS AB Space assets inhabit a harsh thermal environment in which the high intensity of direct solar radiation can potentially raise temperatures to harmful levels. Thermal management is obtained through the use of radiators coated with thermal control coatings (TCCs) that diffusely reflect the sun's high energy visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) radiation, while emitting infrared (IR) energy as a method of radiatively cooling. The current state-of-the-art TCC system utilizes a potassium silicate binder and zinc oxide (ZnO) pigment to maintain solar reflectance over a long exposure time. We are investigating improvements to TCCs that will have greater initial performance and significantly better end-of-life properties. We have utilized modeling techniques based upon Mie scattering to determine the theoretical scattering efficiency limits of the currently used materials. An optimized TCC would attain maximum diffuse solar reflectance at a lower film thickness and reduce the pigment volume concentration (PVC) required. These factors would contribute to a reduction in overall weight and possibly extend the durability of the system to longer time scales. Our results of modeling ZnO pigment embedded in a matrix similar to that of potassium silicate under solar irradiance conditions indicate that a narrow particle size distribution centered at 0.35 mum would provide the highest overall scattering coefficients, ranging from 0.75 mum(-1) at 1000 mn to 5.0 mum(-1) at 380 nm wavelengths. These results indicated that a significant improvement, 2-10 times dependent upon wavelength, in the scattering efficiency of ZnO-based TCCs can be realized by utilizing an optimized particle size distribution rather than the currently used size distribution. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), 2941 P St,Bldg 654,Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(03)00133-4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 756AN UT WOS:000187443800031 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI The Rigler sign SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intestines, radiography; pneumoperitoneum; signs in imaging ID CHEST FILM; PNEUMOPERITONEUM; RADIOGRAPHS; DIAGNOSIS; CT C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 79th MDTS-MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 228 IS 3 BP 706 EP 707 DI 10.1148/radiol.2283020302 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 715HT UT WOS:000184966400018 PM 12954891 ER PT J AU Mayberry, CS Reinhardt, KC Kreifels, TL AF Mayberry, CS Reinhardt, KC Kreifels, TL TI Monolithic crystalline multijunction solar cell development and analysis at the US Air Force research laboratory SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article AB As satellite payload electrical power system requirements continue to grow, satellite systems employing flat panel arrays have reached limits set by either on-orbit dynamics that limit the size and shape of the deployed array, mass constraints set by the launch vehicle, or by the limits set by the volume constraints of the launch shroud. This has caused several satellite programs to approach power margin limits early in the design cycle, and to either compromise on satellite capabilities or perform costly redesigns. A very leveraging parameter for raising satellite power levels and reducing costs is the efficiency of the solar cells employed by satellite systems. State of the art efficiencies have reached 26.5% efficiency at load, and 30.1% for prototype cells, and solar arrays using GaAs based multijunction solar cells have achieved deployed solar array power densities of 70 W/kg and stowed volume power densities of 8 kW/m(3). A simplified approach to the unwieldy dark current electrical analysis of multijunction solar cells has been developed, correlated with the performance of dual and triple junction solar cells, and explains ideality factors and reverse saturation currents that appear large. It was found that introducing a fourth junction with modest performance could raise the efficiency of multijunction solar cells to 31.5% efficiency at load, raise total power levels to 22 kW, raise the power densities to 100 W/kg and 9 kW/m(3) with no impact to the configuration or operation of satellite solar arrays. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Component Technol Branch, VSSV Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Jackson & Tull, Space & Aeronaut Technol Div, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Mayberry, CS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Component Technol Branch, VSSV Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1729 EP 1740 DI 10.1016/S0960-1481(02)000215-X PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 668UC UT WOS:000182310700006 ER PT J AU Qian, XM Zhang, T Chang, C Wang, P Ng, CY Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA Baer, T Peterka, DS AF Qian, XM Zhang, T Chang, C Wang, P Ng, CY Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA Baer, T Peterka, DS TI High-resolution state-selected ion-molecule reaction studies using pulsed field ionization photoelectron-secondary ion coincidence method SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; THRESHOLD; DYNAMICS AB We have developed an octopole-quadrupole photoionization apparatus at the Advanced Light Source for absolute integral cross-section measurements of rovibrational-state-selected ion-molecule reactions. This apparatus consists of a high-resolution photoionization ion source, a wired ion gate lens, a dual radio-frequency (rf) octopole ion guide reaction gas cell, and a quadrupole mass spectrometer for reactant and product ion detection. The unique feature of this apparatus is the implementation of the high-resolution pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE)-photoion coincidence (PFI-PEPICO) technique, which has allowed the rotational-state selection of diatomic ions for ion-molecule reaction studies. The novel application of the wired ion gate lens for the rejection of false coincidence background ions is described. This application, along with the differential-ion-gate scheme, has made possible the measurements of rovibrational-state-selected absolute integral reaction cross sections for ion-molecule collisions using the PFI-PE-secondary ion coincidence (PFI-PESICO) method. The successful measurement of absolute state-selected cross sections for H-2(+)(X,v(+),N+)+Ar(Ne) with v(+) up to 17 [the third to the last vibrational state of H-2(+)(X)] demonstrates the high sensitivity of this differential-ion-gate PFI-PESICO method. In order to gain a detailed understanding and to obtain optimal performance of the wired ion gate lens for PFI-PESICO measurements, we have carried out ion trajectory calculations of reactant ions between the photoionization region and the rf-octopole ion guide. On the basis of these calculations, possible future improvements for the application of this differential-ion-gate PFI-PESICO scheme are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cyng@chem.ucdavis.edu; Rainer.Dressler@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 74 IS 9 BP 4096 EP 4109 DI 10.1063/1.1599071 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 713RY UT WOS:000184873200024 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Wegner, P AF Maji, AK Wegner, P TI Deployable optical telescope testbed SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In order to significantly improve the resolution of space-based imaging it is necessary to design telescopes significantly larger than the 2.4 meter diameter Hubble Space Telescope. Due to the volume constraint of launch vehicles, such space-based telescopes will have to be stowed during launch and deployed in space. A laboratory test-bed has been developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS) to demonstrate the capability to 'phase' several mirror segments in the presence of ambient disturbance through closed-loop control technology. The test-bed is also going to facilitate ground testing of component level technologies such as hinges, latches and lightweight composite mirrors. The ability to create large lightweight telescopes that can maintain required pointing accuracy is a major technical challenge for future space based imaging. This challenge is augmented by the requirements for the structure to have adequate stiffness and dimensional tolerance for imaging in visible optical wavelengths. Because of their low thermal expansion and excellent stress to weight ratio, composites (graphite/epoxy) are ideally suited for most of the structural components. This paper will describe the various composite parts and fabrication techniques to assemble Deployable Optical Telescope (DOT) test-bed with three mirror segments and identify the manufacturing challenges encountered during their fabrication and integration. Testing of coupons and structural components were also carried out to validate design and analyses. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 713ZK UT WOS:000184887700004 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Wallace, MR Stephan, K Blazes, DL Aronson, N Tasker, SA Thomas, AG Wegner, S Casper, C Wald, A Corey, L Brodine, SK AF Crum, NF Wallace, MR Stephan, K Blazes, DL Aronson, N Tasker, SA Thomas, AG Wegner, S Casper, C Wald, A Corey, L Brodine, SK TI Correlates of human herpesvirus-8 seropositivity among US military members recently infected with human immunodeficiency virus SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Int Dis Soc Amer ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; MEN; WOMEN; SEROCONVERSION AB Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma, is common among HIV-infected persons. The exact route of transmission of HHV-8 in various populations is still debated. Goal: The goal was to define the correlates of HHV-8 infection among men recently infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Study Design: Three hundred forty-two HIV-infected U.S. military men were evaluated using a questionnaire. regarding potential risk factors and laboratory data, including HHV-8, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C serologies. Results: The seroprevalence of HHV-8 was 32%. HHV-8 was significantly associated with hepatitis B seropositivity (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-4.1), and black ethnicity was negatively associated with HHV-8 (OR, 0.6; 95% Cl, 0.3-0.9) in the multivariate analysis. HHV-8 was not associated with drug use or hepatitis C seropositivity. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), HHV-8 infection correlated with hepatitis B seropositivity (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.3) and HSV-2 (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4-4.9). Among heterosexuals, the correlates of HHV-8 were different; blacks as compared with whites (OR, 0.3; 95% Cl, 0.1-0.8) and married versus single status (OR, 0.4; 95% Cl, 0.2-0.9) were associated with a lower rate of HHV-8 infection. Among heterosexuals, hepatitis B, HSV-2, and sexual behaviors were not associated with HHV-8. Conclusion: This study suggests that the seroprevalence of HHV-8 is increased in both MSM and heterosexual men with HIV infection, and that the route(s) of HHV-8 acquisition might be different between MSM and heterosexuals. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil RI Wald, Anna/B-6272-2012 OI Wald, Anna/0000-0003-3486-6438 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI-30731, U19 AI-31448] NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000078627.30743.4A PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 719CB UT WOS:000185185100008 PM 12972795 ER PT J AU Yan, H Adelgren, R Elliott, G Knight, D Beutner, T AF Yan, H Adelgren, R Elliott, G Knight, D Beutner, T TI Effect of energy addition on MR -> RR transition SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE local flow control; MR -> RR transition; laser pulse ID SHOCK-WAVE REFLECTION; MACH REFLECTION; STEADY FLOWS; REGULAR REFLECTION; WIND-TUNNEL AB A combined computational and experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of a single laser energy pulse on the transition from a Mach Reflection (MR) to a Regular Reflection (RR) in the Dual Solution Domain (DSD). The freestream Mach number is 3.45 and two oblique shock waves are formed by two symmetric 22degrees wedges. These conditions correspond to a point midway within the DSD wherein either an MR or an RR is possible. A steady MR was first obtained experimentally and numerically, then a single laser pulse was deposited above the horizontal center plane. In the experiment, the laser beam was focused resulting in a deposition volume of approximately 3 mm, while in the simulation, the laser pulse was modeled as an initial variation of the temperature and pressure using Gaussian profile. A grid refinement study was conducted to assess the accuracy of the numerical simulations. For the steady MR, the simulation showed the variation of Mach stem height along the span due to side effects. The predicted spanwise averaged Mach stem height was 1.96 mm within 2% of the experimental value of 2 mm. The experiment showed that the Mach stem height decreased to 30% of its original height due to the interaction with the thermal spot generated by the laser pulse and then returned to its original height by 300 p. That the Mach stem returned to its original height was most likely due to freestream turbulence in the wind tunnel. The numerical simulation successfully predicted the reverse transition from a stable MR to a stable RR and the stable RR persisted across the span. This study showed the capability of a laser energy pulse to control the reverse transition of MR --> RR within the Dual Solution Domain. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Yan, H (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM honyan@jove.rutgers.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-1287 EI 1432-2153 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s00193-003-0198-x PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 726KK UT WOS:000185598100004 ER PT J AU Altrock, RC AF Altrock, RC TI Use of ground-based coronal data to predict the date of solar-cycle maximum SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Prediction of the exact date of the maximum of the 11-year solar activity cycle is a matter of disagreement among solar scientists and of some importance to satellite operators, space-system designers, etc. Most predictions are based on physical conditions occurring at or before the solar-cycle minimum preceding the maximum in question. However, another indicator of the timing of the maximum occurs early in the rise phase of the solar cycle. A study of the variation over two previous solar cycles of coronal emission features in Fe XIV from the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak has shown that, prior to solar maximum, emission features appear above 50degrees latitude in both hemispheres and begin to move towards the poles at a rate of 8degrees to 11degrees of latitude per year. This motion is maintained for a period of 3 or 4 years, at which time the emission features disappear near the poles. This phenomenon has been referred to as the 'Rush to the Poles'. These observations show that the maximum of solar activity, as seen in the sunspot number, occurs approximately 19 +/- 2 months before the features reach the poles. In 1997, Fe XIV emission features appeared near 55degrees latitude, and began to move towards the poles. Using the above historical data from cycles 21 and 22, we will see how the use of progressively more data from cycle 23 affects the prediction of the date of solar maximum. The principal conclusion is that the date of solar maximum for cycle 23 could be predicted to within 6 months as early as 1997. For solar cycle 24, when this phenomenon first becomes apparent later this decade, the average parameters for cycles 21-23 can be used to predict the date of solar maximum. C1 Natl Solar Observ, USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Altrock, RC (reprint author), Natl Solar Observ, USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sacramento Peak, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1023/A:1026125332040 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 732TX UT WOS:000185962600023 ER PT J AU Song, JH Lee, JW Yu, PW Ryu, MY Zhang, J Kuokstis, E Yang, JW Khan, MA AF Song, JH Lee, JW Yu, PW Ryu, MY Zhang, J Kuokstis, E Yang, JW Khan, MA TI Investigation of the effect of indium mole fractions on recombination processes in AlInGaN layers grown by pulsed MOCVD SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; optical properties; luminescence; time-resolved optical spectroscopies ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; EXCITON LOCALIZATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; EMISSION; ALLOYS; TIME; NM AB Data are presented on the temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) of AlInGaN grown by a pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The indium mole fractions of our samples are 0-3% and the PL measurement temperatures are 10-300 K. The PL data show that AlInGaN layers with higher indium mole fraction exhibit significantly stronger PL intensities and less intensity reduction to the temperature increase. Analysis of the observed S-shape peak shift (red-blue-red) reveals that the red shift below similar to 120 K is real as expected but only the blue shift arises above that temperature. Based on this analysis, we conclude that carrier excitation in the lower energy localized states is responsible for the blue shift. The TRPL data shows that as temperature increases the radiative lifetimes of AlInGaN layers become shorter than those of the AlGaN layer. Based on both the PL intensity and lifetime data, we can conclude that the presence of indium provides more localized states and enhances the luminescence efficiency at room temperature. As a result, the recombination processes in AlInGaN layers are less sensitive to the variation in the temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Informat & Commun, Gwangju 500712, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, NRC Res Associate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Lee, JW (reprint author), Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Informat & Commun, K JIST 1 Oryong Dong, Gwangju 500712, South Korea. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 127 IS 9-10 BP 661 EP 665 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(03)00522-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719QB UT WOS:000185213700015 ER PT J AU Turner, DS Holm, PA Wirt, EB Schwalbe, CR AF Turner, DS Holm, PA Wirt, EB Schwalbe, CR TI Amphibians and reptiles of the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We surveyed the amphibians and reptiles of the Whetstone Mountains in southeastern Arizona using a combination of intensive small-area plots, extensive walking searches, trap arrays, road-driving, spot checks, and review of previous records. We found 43 species within the National Forest boundary and within 1 mile of the boundary. Composition of the herpetofauna is typically Madrean and included 5 anuran, 2 turtle, 21 lizard, and 14 snake species. Previous records from the study area documented only 15 species. Quantitative results of intensive and extensive searches provide additional baseline data that could be used for future monitoring efforts. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. 56th Range Management Off, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Turner, DS (reprint author), Nature Conservancy Arizona, 1510 Far E Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dturner@tnc.org NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0347:AAROTW>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724DJ UT WOS:000185471600004 ER PT J AU Daniels, MJ King, D Phillips, B Zabinski, JS Bilello, JC AF Daniels, MJ King, D Phillips, B Zabinski, JS Bilello, JC TI Nature of the as-deposited state of AlCuFeCrPVD coatings SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE quasicrystal; radial distribution function; physical vapor deposition ID AL-CU-FE; QUASI-CRYSTALS; PHASE; FILMS; FABRICATION AB The present work reports on the characterization of AlCuFeCr based quasicrystalline approximant films produced via radio frequency and direct current sputtering from a powder composite target. Previous reports on similar Al-transition metal sputtered films indicated that amorphous coatings were produced at ambient temperatures. Annealing was required to develop the quasicrystalline approximant microstructure via a phase transformation. In this work, the nature of as-deposited AlCuFeCr coatings was studied using high-resolution grazing incidence X-ray scattering, radial distribution function analysis and simulated diffraction patterns based on a Scherrer line broadening model. Agreement was observed between these methods for an ordered approximant grain size of 25-50 Angstrom. A wide processing window was observed to produce as-deposited AlCuFeCr quasicrystalline approximant films. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci, Ctr Nanomat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Technol Assessment & Transfer Inc, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci, Ctr Nanomat Sci, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mdaniels@umich.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 440 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00831-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 715BU UT WOS:000184951300014 ER PT J AU Pendon, JD King, JA AF Pendon, JD King, JA TI Brief altitude exposure in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) does not produce elevated intracranial pressure SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude sickness; intracranial pressure; brain edema; acute mountain sickness; AMS ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; CEREBRAL EDEMA; ACETAZOLAMIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; HYPOXIA; PREVENTION; SHEEP AB Objective.-Our intent was to observe the effect of simulated altitude exposure on the intracranial pressure (ICP) of New Zealand white rabbits. It is theorized that the hypoxia of high altitude causes a rise in ICP, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Dexamethasone is a medication used to treat ANIS, but its mechanism of action in this disease is unknown. It is believed that dexamethasone may lower ICP and thereby relieve the symptoms of AMS, but to our knowledge no study has demonstrated the effect dexamethasone has on ICP during attitude exposure. Methods.-We placed subdural ICP catheters in 10 rabbits and then placed the rabbits in an altitude chamber at simulated 5000 in for 6 hours. Each rabbit was exposed to simulated altitude twice, once after several doses of dexamethasone and once after several doses of saline (placebo). We followed ICP measurements throughout the altitude chamber flights, comparing baseline with 6-hour ICP levels. Results.-After 6 hours of altitude exposure, there was no significant change in the ICP of rabbits with either saline or dexamethasone administration. We were unable to replicate the altitude-induced rise in ICP observed in other animal studies. Conclusions.-Intracranial pressure does not rise within the subdural space in rabbits during altitude exposures of 6 hours or less. Further, we are unable to draw conclusions regarding the mechanism of action of dexamethasone in the cerebral dynamics of ANIS. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Pendon, JD (reprint author), USAF Acad, 10th MDG SGOME,4102 Pinion Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM joseph.pendon@usafa.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[183:BAEINZ]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 723UG UT WOS:000185449500006 PM 14518630 ER PT J AU Kalns, JE AF Kalns, JE TI Untitled - Response SO WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Davis Hyperbar Lab, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kalns, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Davis Hyperbar Lab, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1067-1927 J9 WOUND REPAIR REGEN JI Wound Repair Regen. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 11 IS 5 BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Surgery SC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Surgery GA 717FG UT WOS:000185075600014 ER PT J AU Netzloff, HM Gordon, MS Christe, K Wilson, WW Vij, A Vij, V Boatz, JA AF Netzloff, HM Gordon, MS Christe, K Wilson, WW Vij, A Vij, V Boatz, JA TI On the existence of FN5, a theoretical and experimental study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HEXAFLUOROBROMINE(VII) CATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; N-5(+); SPECTRUM; NITROGEN; SALTS; BRF6; STABILITY AB The possible existence of FN5 was studied by ab initio electronic structure theory. Calculations were carried out at the MP2/6-31+G(d) and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ levels of theory for the N5+AsF6- ion pair and its decomposition to FN5 and AsF5. Six different vibrationally stable isomers of FN5 were identified. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) and dynamic reaction path (DRP) calculations were used to study the isomerization of FN5 and its decomposition to FN3 and N-2. A Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) analysis was performed, indicating upper limits to the lifetimes of the FN5 isomers in the nanosecond range. These theoretical predictions were confirmed by an experimental study of the thermolyses of N5AsF6 and [N-5](2)SnF6 and the displacement of FN5 from N5SbF6 with CsF, using FT-IR spectroscopy. In accord with the theoretical predictions, the primary reaction product FN5 could not be observed, but its decomposition products FN3, F2N2, and NF3 were identified. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 6638 EP 6647 DI 10.1021/jp030157o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715JD UT WOS:000184967600020 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL TI First-principles calculations of the adsorption of nitromethane and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) molecules on the Al(111) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; PLANE-WAVE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION ANALYSIS; METALS; DYNAMICS AB First-principles calculations that are based on spin-unrestricted density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation have been used to study the adsorption of nitromethane and 1,1-diamino-2,2dinitroethylene molecules on the AI(1 1 1) surface. The calculations employ (3 x 3) aluminum slab geometries and three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. On the basis of these calculations, we have determined that both dissociative and nondissociative adsorption mechanisms are possible, depending on the molecular orientation and the particular surface sites involved. In the case of dissociative chemisorption, O-atom abstraction by Al surface atoms has been determined to be the dominant mechanism. The dissociated o atom forms strong Al-O bonds with the neighboring Al sites around the dissociation sites. In addition, the radical species obtained as a result of O-atom elimination remains bonded to the surface. In some instances, both O atoms of the nitro group dissociate and oxidize the aluminum surface. Finally, for the case of nondissociative adsorption, various N-C-Al bridge-type bonding configurations can be formed. On the basis of the data provided from these studies, it can be concluded that oxidation of the aluminum surface readily occurs, either by partial or complete dissociation of the O atoms from the NO2 group. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Sorescu, DC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM dlt@okstate.edu NR 25 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 34 BP 8953 EP 8964 DI 10.1021/jp030258m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 715JH UT WOS:000184968000035 ER PT J AU Boatz, JA Christe, KO Dixon, DA Fir, BA Gerken, M Gnann, RZ Mercier, HPA Schrobilgen, GJ AF Boatz, JA Christe, KO Dixon, DA Fir, BA Gerken, M Gnann, RZ Mercier, HPA Schrobilgen, GJ TI Synthesis, characterization, and computational study of the trans-IO2F52- anion SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 1ST EXAMPLE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; FLUORIDES; ENERGIES; DIANION; DIOXIDE; CATION; IOF5; ION AB The combination of CH3CN solutions of [N(CH3)(4)][F] and a mixture of cis- and trans-[N(CH3)(4)][IO2F4] produces the novel trans-IO2F52- anion. Under the given conditions, only the trans-IO2F4- anion acts as a fluoride ion acceptor, thus allowing the separation of isomerically pure, soluble cis-IO2F4- from insoluble trans-IO2F52-. The trans-IO(2)F(5)(2-)and cis-IO2F4- anions were characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations at the LDFT and HF levels of theory. The trans-IO2F52- anion has a pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry with the two oxygen atoms occupying the axial positions. It represents the first example of a heptacoordinated main group AO(2)X(5) species and completes the series of pentagonal-bipyramidal iodine fluoride and oxide fluoride species. The geometries of the pentagonal-bipyramidal series IO2F52-, IOF52-, IF52-, IOF6-, IF6-, and IF7 and the corresponding octahedral series IO2F4-, IOF4-, IF4-, IOF5, IF5, and IF6+ were calculated by identical methods. It is shown how the ionic charge, the oxidation state of the iodine atom, the coordination number, and the replacement of fluorine ligands by either an oxygen ligand or a free valence electron pair influence the stuctures and bonding of these species. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM karl.christe@edwards.af.mil; david.dixon@pnl.gov; michael.gerken@uleth.ca; schrobil@mcmaster.ca RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 17 BP 5282 EP 5292 DI 10.1021/ic034457w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 713BU UT WOS:000184836200031 PM 12924900 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, JC Wojnarowski, RJ Beche, JF Fillion, R Kapusta, C Millaud, J Saia, R Wilke, MD AF Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, JC Wojnarowski, RJ Beche, JF Fillion, R Kapusta, C Millaud, J Saia, R Wilke, MD TI 3D interconnect architecture for high-bandwidth massively paralleled imager SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors CY SEP 08-12, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE 3D interconnect; vertical stacking; high-density packaging; fast imaging; proton radiography AB The proton radiography group at LANL is developing a fast (5 x 10(6) frames/s or 5 megaframe/s) multi-frame imager for use in dynamic radiographic experiments with high-energy protons. The mega-pixel imager will acquire and process a burst of 32 frames captured at inter-frame time similar to200 ns. Real time signal processing and storage requirements for entire frames, of rapidly acquired pixels impose severe demands on the space available for the electronics in standard monolithic approach. As such, a 3D arrangement of detector and circuit elements is under development. In this scheme, the readout integrated circuits (ROICs) are stacked vertically (like playing cards) into a cube configuration. Another die, a fully depleted pixel photo-diode focal plane array (FPA), is bump bonded to one of the edge surfaces formed by the resulting ROIC cube. Recently, an assembly of the proof-of-principle test cube and sensor has been completed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Gen Elect, Global Res Ctr, Schenectady, NY USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kwiatkowski, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2003 VL 509 IS 1-3 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01571-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 716UM UT WOS:000185047700032 ER PT J AU Guo, JJ Tsang, L Chang, ATC Li, Q Huang, CC Ding, KH AF Guo, JJ Tsang, L Chang, ATC Li, Q Huang, CC Ding, KH TI Bistatic phase function and fast solution of scattering by 2D random distributed scatterers SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sparse-matrix canonical-grid method; Monte Carlo simulation; phase function ID DENSE MEDIA; EQUATIONS AB We present large-scale Monte Carlo simulation results of the phase functions in multiple scattering by dense media of small 2D particles. Solution of the Foldy-Lax equations with large number of unknowns is done efficiently using the sparse-matrix canonical-grid (SMCG) method. The SMCG method facilitates the use of FFT and results in an N log N-type efficiency for CPU and O(N) for memory. This dependence is demonstrated by the simulation of CPU time using up to 50000 particles that are randomly distributed through random walk in a large area of 400 square wavelengths. The bistatic phase functions for a random medium are computed. The phase function converges with the number of particles and the number of realizations. The simulation results indicate that the nonsticky particles, sticky particles, and independent scattering have similar angular distribution patterns of the phase Junctions. However, the dense sticky particles show stronger scattering than the independent scattering, while the dense nonsticky particles have smaller scattering than that of the independent scattering. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Guo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1002/mop.11047 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 701YY UT WOS:000184197600018 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM McSweeney, SA Hargus, MD Kerr, DM Miller, TM Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA AF Van Doren, JM McSweeney, SA Hargus, MD Kerr, DM Miller, TM Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA TI Electron attachment and detachment: cyclo-C4F4Cl2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Helmut Schwaz CY AUG, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE electron attachment; electron affinity; C4F4Cl2 (1,2-dichlorotetrafluorocyclobutene); flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe; kinetics; G3(MP2); density functional theory ID THERMOCHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE AB Electron attachment to 1,2-dichlorotetrafluorocyclobutene (c-C4F4Cl2) and electron detachment from the parent anion (c-C4F4Cl2-) have been studied over a temperature range from 295 to 556 K in a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe (FALP) apparatus. Electron attachment to c-C4F4Cl2 over this temperature range yields only the parent anion in a helium buffer gas at 80-160 Pa pressure. The electron attachment rate constant was found to be independent of temperature over the range studied, at a value of (2.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1), that is, essentially upon every collision. The rate constant for electron detachment from c-C4F4Cl2- is strongly temperature dependent, being imperceptible at room temperature and climbing to a value of 3100 +/- 1200 s(-1) at 511 K. The equilibrium constant obtained from these data yields the electron affinity (EA) of c-C4F4Cl2 of 0.87 +/- 0.08 eV G3(MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out for the C4F4Cl2 neutral, anion, and fragments in order to aid in interpreting the experiments. Both the G3(MP2) and DFT calculations yield values for EA(c-C4F4Cl2), 0.79 and 0.93 eV, respectively, that are in good agreement with the experimental value. The calculations also show that there are no open exothermic dissociative electron attachment channels for c-C4F4Cl2. Further, we present structures, atomic charges, dipole moments, heat capacities, and polarizabilities for these molecules. The results are contrasted with previous results on 1,2-dichlorooctafluorocyclohexene (c-C6F8Cl2) and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene (c-C5F6Cl2), both of which possess larger EAs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, 29 Randolph Rd VSBXT, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 228 IS 2-3 BP 541 EP 549 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(03)00161-1 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 711EZ UT WOS:000184727800034 ER PT J AU Mogilevsky, P Zangvil, A AF Mogilevsky, P Zangvil, A TI Kinetics of oxidation in oxide ceramic matrix composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE kinetics; oxidation; oxide ceramic matrix ID PLATELET ALUMINA COMPOSITES; CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MULLITE COMPOSITES; ZIRCONIA CONTENT; BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN; DIFFUSION AB Oxidation of SiC reinforcement is a major factor affecting the environmental stability of SiC reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for high temperature applications. A new quantitative model for the oxidation of oxide CMCs with non-oxide reinforcements is described. The proposed model is applied to the experimental results from the literature on oxidation of Al2O3/SiC composites. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Ceram Shield Ltd, Misgav Carmiel Technol Incubator, IL-20179 Misgav, Israel. RP Mogilevsky, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 354 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00872-9 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 695QA UT WOS:000183840700008 ER PT J AU Karasevskaya, OP Ivasishin, OM Semiatin, SL Matviychuk, YV AF Karasevskaya, OP Ivasishin, OM Semiatin, SL Matviychuk, YV TI Deformation behavior of beta-titanium alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE beta titanium alloys; cold workability; substructure; X-ray diffraction ID CRYSTALS AB The cold workability of four solution-treated beta-titanium alloys was determined and related to the initial substructure. Two alloys (TIMETAL-LCB and Ti-15-3), which retained a well-developed subgrain structure after solution treatment, exhibited excellent workability, while those alloys which did not (VT22 and TC6) exhibited inferior ductility. The difference in workability was explained in terms of the variation in strain-accommodation mechanism. Other factors that exacerbated the observed low ductility of the latter two alloys were also identified. These included the occurrence of deformation-induced martensite formation and the development of multi-component textures, both of which may lead to localization of deformation at interphase or grain boundaries and subsequent failure. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Inst Phys Met, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivasishin, OM (reprint author), Inst Phys Met, 36 Vernadsky St, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 18 TC 54 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 354 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00935-8 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 695QA UT WOS:000183840700015 ER PT J AU Roy, S Meyer, TR Brown, MS Velur, VN Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Roy, S Meyer, TR Brown, MS Velur, VN Lucht, RP Gord, JR TI Triple-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS): temperature and multiple-species concentration measurements in reacting flows SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL CARS; OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; NITROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; MIXTURES; AIR AB Two types of triple-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) systems for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and multiple-species concentrations are presented. In the first system, the ro-vibrational transitions of N(2), O(2), and H(2) are probed using three narrowband pump beams and a broadband Stokes beam. In the second system, pure rotational transitions of N(2)/O(2) and the ro-vibrational transitions of N(2)/CO(2) are probed using two narrowband pump beams, a broadband pump beam, and a broadband Stokes beam. The use of a broadband pump source in the second CARS system allows rotational and ro-vibrational transitions of different molecules to be probed simultaneously. For both CARS systems, the signals appear at two distinct wavelengths. The CARS signals at the two wavelengths are separated by dichroic mirrors before being detected by two spectrometer-CCD detection systems. For proof-of-concept demonstrations, single-shot and averaged measurements are performed in an atmospheric-pressure hydrogen-air diffusion flame and in a carbon dioxide-seeded, near-adiabatic hydrogen-air flame stabilized over a Hencken burner. These are, to our knowledge, the first reported experiments of triple-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and multiple-species concentrations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 224 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01688-2 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 716VR UT WOS:000185050700018 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Oogarah, T Ehret, J Mahalingam, K Liu, HC Hegde, SM Solomon, J Tomich, D Landis, G Brown, GJ AF Szmulowicz, F Oogarah, T Ehret, J Mahalingam, K Liu, HC Hegde, SM Solomon, J Tomich, D Landis, G Brown, GJ TI Off-resonant absorption in bound-to-continuum p-type GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells: Overcoming absorption saturation with doping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; INTERSUBBAND ABSORPTION; PHOTORESPONSE MEASUREMENT; GENERAL EXPRESSION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; HOLES; ALXGA1-XAS/GAAS; DEPENDENCE; ACCEPTORS AB Optimum bound-to-continuum normal-incidence absorption in low-doped (less than 1x10(12) cm(-2)) p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells obtains for well widths for which the second light-hole (LH2) level is resonant with the top of the valence band quantum well near the center of the Brillouin zone. Experimentally we found that such absorption saturates at higher doping levels. For higher doping around 4x10(12) cm(-2), our envelope-function approximation (EFA) model predicts that pushing LH2 deeper into the continuum avoids absorption saturation and at least doubles the photoresponse. The results are explained on the basis of an EFA calculation, which shows that saturation is due to the fact that the line of resonances in the continuum as a function of the in-plane wave vector eventually becomes a bound LH2 band in the well at some critical wave vector. By matching this critical wave vector (via well width and/or well depth adjustment) with the Fermi wave vector (determined by doping in the well) for the desired QWIP (i.e., cutoff wavelength), saturation can be avoided. This prediction is verified on a set of well-characterized samples. A re-entrant band behavior, in which a band is bound over a limited portion of the Brillouin zone, is also demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 8 AR 085305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.085305 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720XJ UT WOS:000185287500037 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Larson, DE AF Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Larson, DE TI Probing the magnetic polarity structure of the heliospheric current sheet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE heliospheric current sheet; heat-flux electrons; source surface maps; magnetic sector boundaries ID PLANETARY SECTOR BOUNDARIES; SOLAR-WIND; PLASMA SHEETS; KEV ELECTRONS; 1 AU; FIELD; TOPOLOGY; SURFACE; CLOUD AB We use solar wind heat-flux electrons to determine the solar magnetic polarities of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) close to the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) around the time of the last solar minimum in 1995-1996. At that time the tilt angle of the HCS was very low and solar activity was minimal, allowing the Wind spacecraft to probe the polarities of the fields close to the HCS during a time relatively free of transient interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). During the three periods we examined, all solar polarity boundaries predicted from Stanford source surface (SS) maps were observed. During 34 days in which the SS magnetic neutral line skimmed within 3degrees of the ecliptic, only six tangential excursions into opposite solar polarities were observed. The distribution of the durations of magnetic polarity sectors was very similar to that reported earlier for solar maximum in 1978-1982, showing no increase in sectors which might be expected for a spacecraft trajectory roughly tangential to a corrugated HCS separating regions of opposite polarity. The heat-flux electron pitch angle distributions, intervals of magnetic false polarities, high-latitude field excursions, and orientations of minimum variance vectors at polarity boundaries were all similar to those observed away from the boundaries. About one third of the polarity boundaries were displaced from the large-angle changes of the IMF direction usually thought to define the HCS. These observations suggest a single, globally smooth HCS in the form of a corrugated ribbon much less complex than and often separated from a thicker and more structured surrounding current sheet system formed by IMF discontinuities. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A8 AR 1316 DI 10.1029/2002JA009649 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 713QU UT WOS:000184870100002 ER PT J AU Le, G Huang, CS Pfaff, RF Su, SY Yeh, HC Heelis, RA Rich, FJ Hairston, M AF Le, G Huang, CS Pfaff, RF Su, SY Yeh, HC Heelis, RA Rich, FJ Hairston, M TI Plasma density enhancements associated with equatorial spread F: ROCSAT-1 and DMSP observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma density enhancements; equatorial spread F; plasma depletions; equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; plasma waves and instabilities ID LOW LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; HINOTORI SATELLITE; IMPEDANCE PROBE; BUBBLES; IRREGULARITIES; EVOLUTION; ALTITUDE; BOARD AB Large-scale plasma density depletions are typically associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) plasma irregularities in the nightside F region, especially in the postsunset sector. Data gathered on the ROCSAT-1 spacecraft reveal numerous cases of localized, discrete plasma density enhancements in the nightside low-latitude region at similar to600 km altitude. In some cases, nearly simultaneous DMSP observations at similar to800 km reveal similar density enhancements in the same local time sector. These density enhancement structures occur in association with ESF plasma depletions, i.e., the density enhancements are observed in the same local time where ESF plasma depletions are also present simultaneously. Within these discrete structures, the plasma density may be enhanced by similar to2-3 times above the background density. The density enhancement regions have sharp, distinct edges with embedded irregularities that appear to have similar scale sizes and density fluctuation spectra as those typically found in plasma depletions. Examples studied here occur at local times about 3 hours after sunset near the equatorial anomaly region, similar to10degrees to 20degrees from the magnetic equator. The ion velocity data within the density enhancement regions show upward plasma drifts perpendicular to the magnetic field, similar to those within adjacent plasma depletion regions. The magnetic field-aligned plasma flows are generally poleward within the density enhancement regions. The observations suggest that density enhancement structures are caused by the polarization electric field which is generated within the equatorial plasma depletions and then maps to the higher latitudes along the magnetic field lines. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Electrodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan. Univ Texas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Le, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Electrodynam Branch, Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A8 AR 1318 DI 10.1029/2002JA009592 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 713QU UT WOS:000184870100001 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Haus, JW AF Nelson, RL Haus, JW TI One-dimensional photonic crystals in reflection geometry for optical applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION; MODULATOR; RESONANCE AB We investigate some properties of one-dimensional photonic band-gap materials that have the possibility of total internal reflection at one or more interfaces. The proposed structures have application for electro-optic modulation, sensing, and other optical devices. A specific example for electro-optic modulation is presented. Certain advantages of this arrangement may make it a desired geometry for specific applications like sensing. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1091 DI 10.1063/1.1600841 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 708QV UT WOS:000184580600010 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Jenkins, HDB AF Christe, KO Jenkins, HDB TI Quantitative measure for the "nakedness" of fluoride ion sources SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAIN-GROUP FLUORIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; POLYMORPHISM; ENTHALPY; DISORDER; ENERGIES; SALTS AB A quantitative measure for the donor strength or "nakedness" of fluoride ion donors is presented. It is based on the free energy change associated with the transfer of a fluoride ion from the donor to a given acceptor molecule. Born-Haber cycle calculations were used to calculate both the free energy and the enthalpy change for this process. The enthalpy change is given by the sum of the fluoride ion affinity of the acceptor (as defined in strict thermodynamic convention) and the lattice energy difference (DeltaU(POT)) between the fluoride ion donor and the salt formed with the acceptor. Because, for a given acceptor, the fluoride affinity has a constant value, the relative enthalpy (and also the corresponding free energy) changes are governed exclusively by the lattice energy differences. In this study, BF3, PF5, AsF5, and SbF5 were used as the acceptors, and the following seven fluoride ion donors were evaluated: CsF, N(CH3)(4)F (TMAF), N-methylurotropinium fluoride (MUF), hexamethylguanidinium fluoride (HMGF), hexamethylpiperidinium fluoride (HMPF), N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantylammonium fluoride (TMAAF), and hexakis(dimethylamino)phosphazenium fluoride (HDMAPF). Smooth relationships between the enthalpy changes and the molar volumes of the donor cations were found which asymptotically approach constant values for infinitely large cations. Whereas CsF is a relatively poor F- donor [(U-POT(CsF) - U-POT(CsSbF6)) = 213 kJ mol(-1)], when compared to N(CH3)(4)F [(UPOT(TMAF) - UPOT(TMASbF(6))) = 69 kJ mol(-1)], a 4 times larger cation (phosphazenium salt) and an infinitely large cation are required to decrease DeltaU(POT) to 17 and 0 kJ mol(-1), respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that very little is gained by increasing the cation size past a certain level and that secondary factors, such as chemical and physical properties, become overriding considerations. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Chem, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 6 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 31 BP 9457 EP 9461 DI 10.1021/ja035675r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 707MW UT WOS:000184515300055 PM 12889976 ER PT J AU Ding, KH Tsang, L AF Ding, KH Tsang, L TI A sparse matrix iterative approach for modeling tree scattering SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tree scattering; VHF/UHF; sparse matrix iterative approach; method of moments; volume integral equation; discrete dipole approximation; conjugate gradient method; radar cross section ID CANONICAL GRID METHOD; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; ENHANCEMENT; VEGETATION AB In this paper we present a computational elect romagnetic model for tree scattering at VHF/UHF frequencies. A structure model with dielectric cylinders is being used to simulate trees with bare branches. The method of moments (MoM) solution of the volume integral equation is computed for the tree scattering signature. An efficient numerical algorithm based on the sparse matrix iterative approach (SMIA) is used to solve the matrix equation. The SMIA decomposes the impedance matrix into a sparse matrix for the near interactions, and a complementory matrix for the far interactions among the cylindrical sub-cells of the tree structure. Using a direct sparse solver to estimate the strong interaction part, we iteratively include the weak interaction contribution in order to update the solution. The key feature of the SMIA approach is that very little iteration is required to obtain convergent solutions. We have applied the SMIA tree scattering model to calculate scattering from various simulated trees with up to several hundreds of branches. Solutions obtained from the SMIA method agree very well with the solutions obtained using exact matrix inversion and the conjugate gradient method (CGM). Compared to the CGM, the SMIA approach reduces the number of iterations by a factor of more than a hundred and provides a much faster numerical solution scheme for computing tree scattering. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ding, KH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.1002/mop.11014 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 695PR UT WOS:000183839900011 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR TI Large-eddy simulation of supersonic cavity flowfields including flow control SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 32nd Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 24-26, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DELTA-WING ROLL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPRESSION-RAMP; SEPARATED FLOWS; PRESSURE; MODEL; TURBULENCE AB Large-eddy simulations of supersonic cavity flowfields are performed using a high-order numerical method. Spatial derivatives are represented by a fourth-order compact approximation that is used in conjunction with a sixth-order nondispersive filter. The scheme employs a time-implicit approximately factored finite difference algorithm, and applies Newton-like subiterations to achieve second-order temporal and fourth-order spatial accuracy. The Smagorinsky dynamic subgrid-scale model is incorporated in the simulations to account for the spatially underresolved stresses. Computations at a freestream Mach number of 1.19 are carried out for a rectangular cavity having a length-to-depth ratio of 5:1. The computational domain is described by 2.06 x 16(7) grid points and has been partitioned into 254 zones, which were distributed on individual processors of a massively parallel computing platform. Active flow control is applied through pulsed mass injection at a very high frequency, thereby suppressing resonant acoustic oscillatory modes. Features of the flowfields are elucidated, and comparisons are made between the unsuppressed and suppressed cases and with available experimental data that were collected at a higher Reynolds number. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 55 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1452 EP 1462 DI 10.2514/2.2128 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707GV UT WOS:000184503500007 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Bailey, WF AF Josyula, E Bailey, WF TI Vibration-dissociation coupling model for hypersonic blunt-body flow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 32nd Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 11, 2001-JUN 14, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID RELAXATION; NITROGEN C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VAAC, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1611 EP 1613 DI 10.2514/2.2118 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707GV UT WOS:000184503500028 ER PT J AU Pavlin, JA Mostashari, F Kortepeter, MG Hynes, NA Chotani, RA Mikol, YB Ryan, MAK Neville, JS Gantz, DT Writer, JV Florance, JE Culpepper, RC Henretig, FM Kelley, PW AF Pavlin, JA Mostashari, F Kortepeter, MG Hynes, NA Chotani, RA Mikol, YB Ryan, MAK Neville, JS Gantz, DT Writer, JV Florance, JE Culpepper, RC Henretig, FM Kelley, PW TI Innovative surveillance methods for rapid detection of disease outbreaks and bioterrorism: Results of an interagency workshop on health indicator surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS; RECORDS; CITY C1 Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York City Dept Environm Protect, New York, NY USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk, Brooks AFB, TX USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Appl & Engn Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Prince William Cty Hlth Dist, Manassas, VA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Clin Toxicol & Poison Control Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Pavlin, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1230 EP 1235 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.8.1230 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 708CG UT WOS:000184549100016 PM 12893601 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Sanders, TG SanDiego, JW AF Ly, JQ Sanders, TG SanDiego, JW TI Hemangioma of the triceps muscle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Ste 1,2200, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 181 IS 2 BP 544 EP 544 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 704CV UT WOS:000184320900041 PM 12876043 ER PT J AU Kim, E Gianelly, AA AF Kim, E Gianelly, AA TI Extraction vs nonextraction: Arch widths and smile esthetics SO ANGLE ORTHODONTIST LA English DT Article DE smiles; esthetics; extraction; nonextraction; arch width ID CLASS-II AB Dental casts of 30 patients treated with extraction and 30 patients without extraction of four first premolars were randomly selected to determine changes in arch width as a result of treatment. Arch widths were measured from the cusp tips of the canines, premolars, and molars. Posttreatment arch widths were also measured in the midline at a constant arch depth from the most labial surfaces of the incisors. Standardized frontal photographs of the face taken during smiling of 12 extraction- and 12 nonextraction-treated subjects were evaluated. Fifty laypersons judged the esthetics of the smiles. Intercanine width increased less than one mm in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. The interpremolar and intermolar distance in both arches decreased significantly from 0.53 to 0.95 mm in the extraction sample, whereas the interpremolar and intermolar widths increased significantly from 0.81 to 2.10 mm in the nonextraction sample. When arch widths of both groups were measured from the most labial surfaces of the teeth at a constant depth, the average arch width of both arches was significantly wider in the extraction sample (1.8 mm wider in the mandible and 1.7 mm wider in the maxilla). The mean esthetic score and the number of teeth displayed during a smile did not differ between the groups. The results indicate that arch width is not decreased at a constant arch depth because of extraction treatment, and smile esthetics are the same in both groups of patients. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Orthodont, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. USAF, PSC 80 16034, APO, AP USA. RP Gianelly, AA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Orthodont, Goldman Sch Dent Med, 100 E Newton St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU E H ANGLE EDUCATION RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI NEWTON N PA 1615 BEACON ST, NEWTON N, MA 02468-1507 USA SN 0003-3219 J9 ANGLE ORTHOD JI Angle Orthod. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 73 IS 4 BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 708TL UT WOS:000184585400006 PM 12940554 ER PT J AU Bouhram, M Malingre, M Jasperse, JR Dubouloz, N AF Bouhram, M Malingre, M Jasperse, JR Dubouloz, N TI Modeling transverse heating and outflow of ionospheric ions from the dayside cusp/cleft. 1 A parametric study SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; space plasma physics; numerical simultation studies; wave-particle interactions ID AURORAL-CURRENT REGIONS; PARALLEL E-FIELD; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; HIGH-LATITUDE; CONIC DISTRIBUTIONS; CUSP CLEFT; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; ENERGIZATION; FOUNTAIN AB The transport patterns of non-thermal H+ and O+ field-aligned flows from the dayside cusp/cleft, associated with transverse heating by means of wave-particle interactions and in combination with the poleward motion due to the magnetospheric convection are investigated. This has been accomplished by developing a steady-state, two-dimensional, trajectory-based code. The ion heating is modelled by means of a Monte Carlo technique, via the process of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR), with the electromagnetic left-hand circular polarized component of a broad-band, extremely low-frequency (BBELF) turbulence. The altitude dependence of ICR heating from 1000 km to 3 Earth radii (RE) is modelled by a power law spectrum, with an index a, and a parameter w(0) that is proportional to the spectral density at a referenced gyrofrequency. Because of the finite latitudinal extent of the cusp/cleft, the incorporation of the horizontal convection drift leads to a maximum residence time t(D) of the ions when being energized. A large set of simulations has been computed so as to study the transport patterns of the H+ and O+ bulk parameters as a function of t(D), alpha, and w(0). Residence time effects are significant in O+ density patterns while negligible for H+. When comparing the results with analytical one-dimensional theories (Chang et al., 1986; Crew et al., 1990), we find that mean ion energies and pitch angles at the poleward edge of the heating region are slightly influenced by tD and may be used as a probe of ICR parameters (alpha, w(0)). Conversely, poleward of the heating region, upward velocity and mean energy dispersive patterns depend mainly on t(D) (e.g. the magnitude of the convection drift) with latitudinal profiles varying versus t(D). In short, the main conclusion of the paper is that any triplet (t(D), alpha, w(0)) leads to a unique transport-pattern feature of ion flows associated with a cusp/cleft ionospheric source. In a companion paper, by using high-altitude (1.5-3 R-E) ion observations as constraints, the results from the parametric study are used to determine the altitude dependence of transverse ion heating during a significant number of passes of the Interball-2 satellite. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. CNRS, CETP, F-94107 St Maur, France. RP Bouhram, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM bouhram@mpe.mpg.de NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1753 EP 1771 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775NG UT WOS:000189047100006 ER PT J AU Bouhram, M Malingre, M Jasperse, JR Dubouloz, N Sauvaud, JA AF Bouhram, M Malingre, M Jasperse, JR Dubouloz, N Sauvaud, JA TI Modeling transverse heating and outflow of ionospheric ions from the dayside cusp/cleft. 2 applications SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; space plasma physics; charged particle motion and acceleration; wave-particle interactions ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONIC DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; AURORAL REGION; CUSP CLEFT; ACCELERATION; SATELLITE AB In this paper, we consider major ion energization mechanisms in the dayside cusp/cleft region. This includes transverse ion heating by ion cyclotron resonance (ICR), ion energization through structures of field-aligned electric potential drops, and transverse heating by lower hybrid (LH) waves. First, we present and discuss three typical cusp/cleft crossings associated with one of the first two mechanisms mentioned above. Then, we develop a procedure for finding the altitude dependence of ICR heating for any data set in the high-altitude cusp/cleft under the absence of field-aligned potential drops. This has been accomplished using a large set of numerical simulations from a two-dimensional, steady-state, Monte Carlo, trajectory -based code, as discussed in detail in the first companion paper (Bouhrarn et al., 2003). The procedure is applied and tested successfully for the first two events, by using patterns of ion moments along the satellite track as constraints. Then, we present a statistical study that uses 25 cusp/cleft crossings associated with steady IMF conditions, where ICR heating is expected to occur alone. It is pointed out that the ICR heating increases gradually versus geocentric distance as s(3.3+/-1.8). The inferred values of the wave power and the spectral index associated with the component responsible for ICR heating are lower than those characterizing the broad-band, extremely low-frequency (BBELF) turbulence usually observed in the cusp/cleft. This strengthens the idea that more than one wave-mode is contained in the BBELF turbulence, and only a small fraction of the observed turbulence is responsible for ICR heating. Then, we study the occurrence versus magnetic local time (MLT) of field-aligned potential drops. According to previous statistical studies, such structures are not common in the cusp and tend to be associated with the cleft region. We also discuss the effects of LH heating in the cusp on the observed ion distributions. However, this mechanism turns out to be of less importance than ICR heating. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. CNRS, PCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. CNRS, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse 04, France. RP Bouhram, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM bouhram@mpe.mpg.de NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1773 EP 1791 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775NG UT WOS:000189047100007 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Spain, JC AF Johnson, GR Spain, JC TI Evolution of catabolic pathways for synthetic compounds: bacterial pathways for degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and nitrobenzene SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; SP STRAIN DNT; NOCARDIOIDES-SIMPLEX FJ2-1A; RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA JMP134; META-CLEAVAGE PATHWAY; NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE; 2-AMINOPHENOL 1,6-DIOXYGENASE; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RING-CLEAVAGE AB The pathways for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and nitrobenzene offer fine illustrations of how the ability to assimilate new carbon sources evolves in bacteria. Studies of the degradation pathways provide insight about two principal strategies for overcoming the metabolic block imposed by nitro- substituents on aromatic compounds. The 2,4-DNT pathway uses novel oxygenases for oxidative denitration and subsequent ring-fission. The nitrobenzene pathway links facile reduction of the nitro- substituent, a novel mutase enzyme, and a conserved operon encoding aminophenol degradation for mineralization of nitrobenzene. Molecular genetic analysis with comparative biochemistry reveals how the pathways were assembled in response to the recent appearance of the two synthetic chemicals in the biosphere. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jim.spain@tyndall.af.mil NR 116 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 62 IS 2-3 BP 110 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00253-003-1341-4 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 718PJ UT WOS:000185155400002 PM 12750857 ER PT J AU Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE Price, SD Shipman, RF AF Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE Price, SD Shipman, RF TI A uniform database of 2.4-45.4 micron spectra from the Infrared Space Observatory Short Wavelength Spectrometer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; infrared : general; methods : data analysis; techniques : spectroscopic ID IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; SWS SPECTRA; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABLES; STARS AB We present a complete set of all valid SWS full-scan 2.4-45.4 mum spectra processed and renormalized in as uniform a manner as possible. The processing produces a single spectrum for each observation from the 288 individual spectral segments, which are the most processed form available from the ISO archive. The spectra, and the programs used to create them, are available to the community on-line. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Cornell Univ, Infrared Spectrograph Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Groningen, Space Res Inst, SRON, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Sloan, GC (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; russ@sron.rug.nl OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 21 TC 153 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 147 IS 2 BP 379 EP 401 DI 10.1086/375443 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 704BY UT WOS:000184318900007 ER PT J AU Yamane, GK Johnson, R AF Yamane, GK Johnson, R TI Testicular carcinoma in US air force aviators: A case-control study SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE testicular carcinoma; germ cell tumor; epidemiology; etiology; aviators; military ID GERM-CELL TUMORS; CANCER INCIDENCE; MORTALITY; PILOTS; RISK; MEN; EXPERIENCE; NEOPLASIA; WORKERS; AIRCREW AB Background: Previous descriptive studies have suggested an increased risk of testicular carcinoma in military aviators. The association between testicular carcinoma and aviation in the U.S. Air Force was measured using a case-control study design. Methods: A Department of Defense hospitalization database was used to obtain a set of testicular carcinoma cases (seminomas, embryonal cell carcinomas, teratocarcinomas, and choriocarcinomas) and an unmatched set of male appendicitis controls from October 1988 to February 1999. A centralized U.S. Air Force personnel database was used to obtain demographic and flying history data on the subjects. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for the following exposure factors: total flight time, rank, crew position, and general type of aircraft. Study subjects were restricted to white active duty officers. Results: For one or more total flight hours, the age-adjusted OR was 1.74 (95% CI 1.04-2.92). Age-adjusted OR's for 1-499, 500-1999, and 2000 or more flight hours were, respectively, 1.37, 1.92, and 1.67. These OR's were not statistically significant. Age- and flight hour-adjusted OR's were increased for the navigator crew position and for bomber/tanker/transport/reconnaissance type aircraft (2.13 and 1.67, respectively), but the ratios were not statistically significant. OR's were not increased for senior rank, fighter/trainer type aircraft, and rotary-wing aircraft. Conclusions: There is an association between testicular carcinoma and flight time in U.S. Air Force officers. There was a suggestion of a dose-response effect; however, the OR's were not statistically significant. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Yamane, GK (reprint author), Populat Hlth Support Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 8 BP 846 EP 850 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 706WV UT WOS:000184478800007 PM 12924759 ER PT J AU Laughrey, MS Grayson, JK Jauchem, JR Misener, AE AF Laughrey, MS Grayson, JK Jauchem, JR Misener, AE TI Radio frequency radiation exposure of the F-15 crewmember SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE nonionizing radiation; radiation dosage; radiation monitoring; aircraft ID LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; SEX-RATIO; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; MAMMARY-TUMORS; MICE PRONE; MICROWAVE; CANCER; AIRCRAFT; PILOTS AB Introduction: In the United States Air Force, pilots of F-15 fighter aircraft use fire control radars to search for enemy targets and to launch beyond visual range radar missiles. The fire control radars must be of a sufficient power output to enable a target return, but pilots are concerned about deleterious health effects from the levels of radio frequency radiation (RFR) they are exposed to. Measurement of RFR while actually in flight in the F-15 has never been performed. This study was designed to document the RFR levels that pilots are exposed to on normal missions while in flight with the radar on and active. Methods: A hand-held meter was used to measure electromagnetic fields during three F-15 flights. Instrumentation consisted of a Narda Microwave Model 8718 digital survey meter and Model 8723 broadband isotropic E-field probe with a frequency range between 300 MHz and 50 GHz. The measurements were conducted in the rear cockpit of an F-15D aircraft. Three missions were flown representing the standard missions an F-15 pilot flies on an everyday basis. The missions were: night intercepts, offensive basic fighter maneuvers, and defensive basic fighter maneuvers. Results: Based on the data collected during three F-15 missions, all recorded RFR exposure to the crewmember in the F-15 was within the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 10 MW. cm(-2). Conclusion: Based on a limited sample, RFR exposures in F-15 cockpits appear to be well below the PEL. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Serv Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. 50th Flying Training Squadron, Columbus, MS USA. RP Laughrey, MS (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2601 Louis Bauer Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 8 BP 851 EP 857 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 706WV UT WOS:000184478800008 PM 12924760 ER PT J AU Steinkraus, LW AF Steinkraus, LW TI Primary osteopenia in a female military flight crewmember SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis; fractures; aircrew; aeromedical; alendronate sodium; bone mass; bone density; bone mineral density; BMD; DEXA; women ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ABNORMAL EATING BEHAVIORS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; OSTEOPOROSIS; FRACTURE; CONTRACEPTION; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; RECRUITS AB This report describes a case of primary severe osteopenia in a 35-yr-old female crewmember of a USAF transport aircraft. This previously healthy individual presented with musculoskeletal symptoms that led to the incidental finding of severe osteopenia on plain films of the pelvis. The subsequent evaluation, including dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) showed a T-score of 1-2 SD below sex-adjusted expected levels for age. Work-up revealed no secondary causes and the patient was placed on alendronate sodium vitamin D, and calcium supplementation. Within 2 yr, her bone studies were normal. The crewmember was returned to normal flight status and has had no aeromedical problems. Osteopenia and osteoporosis represent points on a continuum of bone disease. Recognizing and addressing risk factors for osteoporosis earlier may reduce the chances for fractures later in life. Aeromedical specialists must be cognizant of the increased risk for bone disease in female crewmembers. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GERAM, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Steinkraus, LW (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GERAM, Bldg 775, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 8 BP 869 EP 873 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 706WV UT WOS:000184478800011 PM 12924763 ER PT J AU Kennedy, JE Clement, PF Curtiss, G AF Kennedy, JE Clement, PF Curtiss, G TI WAIS-III processing speed index scores after TBI: The influence of working memory, psychomotor speed and perceptual processing SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; INTELLIGENCE; INDICATORS; CHILDREN AB This study investigates the extent to which working memory, motor speed and perceptual processing speed influence Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) Processing Speed Index (PSI) scores. Sixty-eight adult outpatients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) of varying severity and complete data on all outcome measures were identified. Two cases with outlying values on one outcome measure were omitted from the final sample. Working memory was measured by the Working Memory Index score from the WAIS-III. Motor speed was measured as score on the Halstead-Reitan Finger Oscillation Test (finger tapping) and perceptual processing as score on the Trail Making Test-Part B. In hierarchical multiple regression analyses, working memory accounted for 10% of the variance in PSI scores, whereas motor speed only accounted for 3%. An independent measure of perceptual processing, Trail Making Test-B, accounted for 26% of the variance in WAIS-III PSI scores. The total variance accounted for by the three factors was 56%. Findings confirm that the WAIS-III PSI scores of individuals who have received a TBI reflect perceptual processing speed, with an additional component attributable to working memory. Motor speed made only a small contribution to WAIS-III PSI scores in the present sample. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, ATTN MCHE CP, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. James A Haley Vet Hosp, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Tampa, FL USA. RP Kennedy, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, POB 27376, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1637 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1076/clin.17.3.303.18091 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 748DP UT WOS:000186847100002 PM 14704894 ER PT J AU Lucia, DJ King, PI Beran, PS AF Lucia, DJ King, PI Beran, PS TI Reduced order modeling of a two-dimensional flow with moving shocks SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE proper orthogonal decomposition; reduced order modeling; moving shock waves; domain decomposition; high-speed flow ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS AB The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the ability of proper orthogonal decomposition, in combination with domain decomposition, to produce accurate reduced order models (ROMs) for two-dimensional high-speed flows with moving shock waves. To demonstrate this ability, a blunt body flow with quasi-steady shock motion is considered. The blunt body flow contains a strong bow shock that is moved via a change in inlet Mach number and angle of attack. Accuracy is quantified by comparing surface pressures obtained from the ROMs with those from the full order simulation under the same free stream conditions. The order reduction, and computational performance of the ROM is also quantified relative to the full order simulation. The robustness of the ROM to varying flow parameters is explored. A non-Galerkin quasi-implicit steady state implementation is considered. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP King, PI (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 917 EP 938 AR PII S0045-7930(02)00035-X DI 10.1016/S0045-7930(02)00035-X PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 649XW UT WOS:000181234100001 ER PT J AU Lawrence, LL AF Lawrence, LL TI Unusual presentations in obstetrics and gynecology SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL OVARIAN CYSTS; URETHRAL PROLAPSE; ADNEXAL MASS; PELVIC PAIN; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; TORSION AB This article reviews the uncommon yet potentially emergent obstetric and gynecologic conditions that may present to the emergency department. It discusses adnexal masses (ovarian cysts, ovarian torsion, and tubo-ovarian abscess), gynecologic malignancies and trophoblastic neoplastic disease and complications of their treatment, pelvic organ prolapse, and the unique pediatric gynecologic disorder of congenital vaginal obstruction. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lawrence, LL (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 649 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(03)00040-3 PG 18 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 716VM UT WOS:000185050300006 PM 12962351 ER PT J AU Fortner, JD Zhang, CL Spain, JC Hughes, JB AF Fortner, JD Zhang, CL Spain, JC Hughes, JB TI Soil column evaluation of factors controlling biodegradation of DNT in the vadose zone SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BED BIOFILM REACTOR; SP STRAIN DNT; PSEUDOMONAS SP; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE; DEGRADATION; PATHWAY AB High concentrations of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) are present in vadose zone soils at many facilities where explosives manufacturing has taken place. Both DNT isomers can be biodegraded under aerobic conditions, but rates of intrinsic biodegradation observed in vadose zone soils are not appreciable. Studies presented herein demonstrate that nutrient limitations control the onset of rapid 2+DNT biodegradation in such soils. In column studies conducted at field capacity, high levels of 2,4-DNT biodegradation were rapidly stimulated by the addition of a complete mineral medium but not by bicarbonate-buffered distilled deionized water or by phosphate-amended tap water. Biodegradation of 2,6-DNT was not observed under any conditions. Microcosm studies using a DNT-degrading culture from column effluent suggest that, after the onset of 2+DNT degradation, nitrite evolution will eventually control the extent of degradation achieved by two mechanisms. First, high levels of nitrite (40 mM) were found to strongly inhibit 2,4- DNT degradation. Second, nitrite production reduces the solution pH, and at pH levels below 6.0, 2,4-DNT degradation slows rapidly. Under conditions evaluated in laboratory-scale studies, 2,4-DNT biodegradation enhanced the rate of contaminant loss from the vadose zone by a factor of 10 when compared to the washout due to leaching. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Houston Clear Lake, Sch Nat & Appl Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hughes, JB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM Hughes@rice.edu RI Fortner, John/A-9810-2012; Zhang, Chunlong/N-2564-2014 OI Zhang, Chunlong/0000-0003-4782-5424 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 15 BP 3382 EP 3391 DI 10.1021/es021066s PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707GF UT WOS:000184501900044 PM 12966985 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI An unusual cause of knee pain: a rare case of osseous sarcoid (2003 : 5b) SO EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-7994 J9 EUR RADIOL JI Eur. Radiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 8 BP 2055 EP 2057 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 711RX UT WOS:000184755800039 PM 12945564 ER PT J AU Currie, J Beall, DP Ly, JQ AF Currie, J Beall, DP Ly, JQ TI Trevor's disease involving the fifth metatarsal of the left foot: A case report SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Trevor's disease; metatarsal; dysplasia; epiphysis ID DYSPLASIA EPIPHYSEALIS HEMIMELICA; EPIPHYSIALIS HEMIMELICA; ACLASIS AB Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (Trevor's disease) is a rare developmental disorder of epiphyseal growth. A review of the literature reveals that metatarsal involvement has been described in only two cases and in these cases two metatarsals were reported as being only slightly enlarged. This article reports a case of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica involving the medial half of the epiphysis of the left fifth metatarsal. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS-MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 24 IS 8 BP 650 EP 652 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 713WT UT WOS:000184881500014 PM 12956573 ER PT J AU Malyutenko, VK Michailovskaya, KV Malyutenko, OY Bogatyrenko, VV Snyder, DR AF Malyutenko, VK Michailovskaya, KV Malyutenko, OY Bogatyrenko, VV Snyder, DR TI Infrared dynamic scene simulating device based on light down-conversion SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics Materials and Devices CY SEP 08-11, 2002 CL ANNOPOLIS, MARYLAND AB The pixelless dynamic scene projector successful in generating high-speed (microsecond range) broadband infrared (homega < E-g, where omega is light frequency, h is Planck's constant and E-g is the band gap value of the screen material) scenarios through shorter wavelength optical pumping (homega > E-g) of a semiconductor screen was developed, fabricated, and tested. The device operation principle is based on a possibility of dynamically modulating the apparent temperature (or power emitted in the spectral range of free carrier absorption-emission processes) of an image optically generated on a semiconductor screen (light down-conversion process). The device successfully monitors both hot and cold images (compared to a scene temperature) as well as erase-image and display-hidden-image processes. The results of an experimental study of a germanium screen (300 K < T < 500 K) in the 8 - 12 mum spectral range are reported for the first time. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Malyutenko, VK (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, 45 Prospect Nauki, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20030846 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 744KN UT WOS:000186628700025 ER PT J AU Steyskal, H Schindler, JK Franchi, P Mailloux, RJ AF Steyskal, H Schindler, JK Franchi, P Mailloux, RJ TI Pattern synthesis for TechSat21 - A distributed space-based radar system SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE spaceborne radar; pulse Doppler radar; antenna arrays; antenna radiation patterns; space-time pattern synthesis; multi-element interferometer; satellite antennas; satellite applications; search radar AB The TechSat21 space-based radar employs a cluster of free-floating satellites, each of which transmits its own orthogonal signal and receives all reflected signals. The satellites operate coherently at X band. The cluster forms essentially a multi-element interferometer, with a concomitantly large number of grating lobes and significant ground clutter. A novel technique for pattern synthesis in angle-frequency space is proposed, which exploits the double periodicities of the grating lobes in the angular domain and of the radar pulses in the frequency domain, and allows substantial gains in clutter suppression. Gains from 7 to 17 dB relative to the normal random, sparse array appear feasible. C1 AF Res Lab, SNH, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), AF Res Lab, SNH, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. EM hans.steyskal@hanscom.af.mil NR 4 TC 7 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MAP.2003.1241307 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 729VD UT WOS:000185795000004 ER PT J AU Kent, B AF Kent, B TI AMTA Corner SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AFRL, SNS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent, B (reprint author), AFRL, SNS, Bldg 254,2591 K St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 729VD UT WOS:000185795000016 ER PT J AU Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD TI A multiwatt all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE all gas iodine laser (AGIL); chemical lasers; chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) ID QUENCHING RATE CONSTANTS; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHEMICAL-LASER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METASTABLE NF; OPTICAL GAIN; NCL(A(1)DELTA); NCL AB The demonstration and characterization of a multi-watt all gas-phase iodine hiser (AGIL) are described. A 20-cm subsonic reactor wag used to produce NCl(a(1)Delta) for a series, parametric studies of the I*(P-2(i/2)) - I(P-2(3/2)) small-signal gain and extracted power dependence on reactant flow rates and reaction time. The highest measured gain was 2.5 x 10(-4) cm(-1) and the highest power observed was 15 W. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Rocketdyne, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 8 BP 995 EP 1002 DI 10.1109/JQE.2003.814381 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 702WK UT WOS:000184247600007 ER PT J AU Zetterlind, VE Watkins, SE Spoltman, MW AF Zetterlind, VE Watkins, SE Spoltman, MW TI Fatigue testing of a composite propeller blade using fiber-optic strain sensors SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aerospace systems; fatigue testing; fiber-optic strain sensors; smart structures ID DELAMINATION DETECTION; OPTIC SENSORS; PERFORMANCE AB The performance of surface-mounted extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensors during a seventeen-million-cycle, high-strain fatigue test is reported. Fiber-optic strain measurements did not degrade during the test. The sensors were applied to a composite propeller blade subject to a constant axial load and a cyclic bending load. Strain measurements were taken at four blade locations using two types of EFPI sensors and co-located electrical resistance strain gages. Static and dynamic strain measurements were taken daily during the 65 days of this standard propeller-blade test. All fiber-optic sensors survived the fatigue test while most of the resistive gages failed. The suitability of fiber-optic monitoring for fatigue testing and other high-cycle monitoring is demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Hartzell Propeller Co, Piqua, OH 45356 USA. RP Zetterlind, VE (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2003.815795 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 755WZ UT WOS:000187435600007 ER PT J AU Castro, M Foster, RS Gunn, K Roberts, EB AF Castro, M Foster, RS Gunn, K Roberts, EB TI Managing R&D alliances within government: The "virtual agency" concept SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alliances; cooperative R&D; government R&D; R&D organizations; technology policy; "virtual" R&D AB The virtual agency concept is now used. within the United States Government as' an alliance approach to manage large research and development (R&D). processes across depart- ments. This paper examines the history of the virtual agency concept and its important characteristics. The paper identifies the potential benefits and associated risks involved in managing R&D within a virtual agency. Three cases are examined where the virtual agency concept has been applied to R&D programs: the High Performance Computing and Communications initiative, the Next Generation Internet, and the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles. The case studies indicate that the R&D process is attempting to balance formal process controls with the agility to adapt rapidly to new research opportunities. Virtual agencies can be used to improve organizational efficiency, improve knowledge transfer, increase interoperability through standards, provide better alignment of agency missions with national policy, and introduce increased flexibility into the R&D process. At the same time, the virtual agency concept has major risks including inefficiencies due to organizational complexity, the danger of collective myopia, the problem of adopting standards too early, the difficulty of reaching objectives in a loose organizational structure, and the problem, of properly balancing the tension between agency mission objectives and national policy agendas. C1 Microsoft Res Ltd, Cambridge, England. High Performance Technol Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. US Air & Space Operat Ctr, Langley AFB, VA 23681 USA. MIT, Alfred P Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Castro, M (reprint author), Microsoft Res Ltd, Cambridge, England. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1109/TEM.2003.817300 PG 10 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 730PC UT WOS:000185838300005 ER PT J AU Chen, CT Tsang, L Guo, JJ Chang, ATC Ding, KH AF Chen, CT Tsang, L Guo, JJ Chang, ATC Ding, KH TI Frequency dependence of scattering and extinction of dense media based on three-dimensional simulations of Maxwell's equations with applications to snow SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic wave scattering; Monte Carlo method; passive microwave remote sensing ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SPHERES; PARTICLES; APPROXIMATION; PROPAGATION; MODEL AB The frequency dependence of scattering by geophysical media at microwave frequencies is an important topic because multifrequency measurements are used in remote sensing applications. In this paper, we study rigorously the frequency dependence of scattering by dense media using Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional solutions of Maxwell's equations. The particle positions are generated by deposition and bonding techniques. The extinction, scattering, and absorption properties of dense media are calculated for dense media of sticky and nonsticky particles. Numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations indicate that the frequency dependence of densely packed sticky small particles are much weaker than that of independent scattering. Numerical results are illustrated using parameters of snow in microwave remote sensing. Comparisons are made with extinction measurements as a function of frequency. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Chen, CT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1844 EP 1852 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.811812 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 713MJ UT WOS:000184861700010 ER PT J AU Jones, KS Middendorf, M McMillan, GR Calhoun, G Warm, J AF Jones, KS Middendorf, M McMillan, GR Calhoun, G Warm, J TI Comparing mouse and steady-state visual evoked response-based control SO INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE alternative control; EEG-based control; SSVER-based control; input devices ID BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE; FITTS LAW; HEAD; COMMUNICATION; ENHANCEMENT; BIOFEEDBACK; POTENTIALS; FEEDBACK AB Future computers will be more mobile, which will require new interaction methods. Accordingly, one might harness electroencephalographic (EEG) activity for computer control. Such devices exist, but all have limitations. Therefore, a novel EEG-based control was tested, which monitors the Steady-State Visual Evoked Response (SSVER). Selections are attempted by fixating a flickering target. A selection occurs if a SSVER is detected. To assess the device's relative performance, a mouse and the SSVER-based control were used to acquire targets of various sizes and distances. Accuracy and speed were measured. Overall, accuracy was poorer and acquisition times were longer with the SSVER-based control. However, the performance levels attained by the SSVER-based control might be adequate when manual controls are problematic, such as in assistive technology applications. In addition, in contrast to the mouse, SSVER-based acquisition times were insensitive to variations in target distance, which might serve as an operational advantage in certain applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Middendorf Sci Serv, Medway, OH 45341 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kansas State Univ, Dept Psychol, 1100 Mid Campus Dr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jonesks@ksu.edu; grant.mcmillan@wpafb.af.mil; gloria.calhoun@wpafb.af.mil; joel.warm@uc.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0953-5438 EI 1873-7951 J9 INTERACT COMPUT JI Interact. Comput. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 603 EP 621 DI 10.1016/S0953-5438(03)00052-3 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 715LT UT WOS:000184974200008 ER PT J AU Mears, MJ Polycarpou, MM AF Mears, MJ Polycarpou, MM TI Stable neural control of uncertain multivariable systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neural control; uncertain systems; stability; non-linear systems; Lyapunov analysis ID ADAPTIVE-CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; APPROXIMATORS; DESIGN AB Tracking control of a class of non-linear, uncertain, multi-input, multiple-output systems is addressed in this paper. The control system architecture uses neural networks for function approximation, certainty equivalent control inputs to cancel plant dynamics and smoothed sliding mode control to insure that the trajectories remain bounded. Lyapunov analysis is used to derive equations for the sliding mode control, neural network training, and to show uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system. Stability analysis results are shown for single-input single-output and two-input two-output systems. Results are then extended to the more general multiple-input multiple-output case where the number of inputs is equal to the number of outputs. Simple simulation examples are used to illustrate control system performance. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polycarpou, MM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0890-6327 J9 INT J ADAPT CONTROL JI Int. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 447 EP 466 DI 10.1002/acs.761 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 715WP UT WOS:000184996300005 ER PT J AU Moore, M Gould, P Keary, BS AF Moore, M Gould, P Keary, BS TI Global urbanization and impact on health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE global health; urban health; environment health; cities ID ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; COTE-DIVOIRE; SAO-PAULO; BRAZIL; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIC; POVERTY AB Nearly half the world's population now lives in urban settlements. Cities offer the lure of better employment, education, health care, and culture; and they contribute disproportionately to national economies. However, rapid and often unplanned urban growth is often associated with poverty, environmental degradation and population demands that outstrip service capacity. These conditions place human health at risk. Reliable urban health statistics are largely unavailable throughout the world. Disaggregated intra-urban health data, i.e., for different areas within a city, are even more rare. Data that are available indicate a range of urban health hazards and associated health risks: substandard housing, crowding, air pollution, insufficient or contaminated drinking water, inadequate sanitation and solid waste disposal services, vector-borne diseases, industrial waste, increased motor vehicle traffic, stress associated with poverty and unemployment, among others. Local and national governments and multilateral organizations are all grappling with the challenges of urbanization. Urban health risks and concerns involve many different sectors, including health, environment, housing, energy, transportation, urban planning, and others. Two main policy implications are highlighted: the need for systematic and useful urban health statistics on a disaggregated, i.e., intra-urban, basis, and the need for more effective partnering across sectors. The humanitarian and economic imperative to create livable and sustainable cities must drive us to seek and successfully overcome challenges and capitalize on opportunities. Good urban planning and governance, exchange of best practice models and the determination and leadership of stakeholders across disciplines, sectors, communities and countries will be critical elements of success. C1 US Dept HHS, Off Global Hlth Affairs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USAF, Rockville, MD USA. US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Off Global Hlth Affairs, Parklawn Bldg,Room 18-105,5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 59 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 63 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 206 IS 4-5 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00223 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716JD UT WOS:000185024300003 PM 12971682 ER PT J AU Birman, V Byrd, LW AF Birman, V Byrd, LW TI Damping in ceramic matrix composites with matrix cracks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in honor of Arthur W Leissas 70th Birthday CY JUN, 2002 CL VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA HO VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV DE ceramic matrix composites; damping; cracks ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; MECHANICS AB The paper presents an analytical solution capable of predicting the effect of matrix cracking in ceramic matrix composites (CMC) on damping. The cracking scenarios considered in the paper include through-the-thickness cracks and cracks terminating at the layer interfaces. The increase in damping associated with matrix cracking is mostly due to the frictional energy dissipation along the damaged fiber-matrix interfaces adjacent to the bridging cracks whose plane of propagation intersects the fiber axis. Damping increases with a higher density of matrix cracks. The loss factor is affected by the angle of the lamina relative to the direction of the applied load. The loss factor is also influenced by the frequency and magnitude of local dynamic stresses. Examples of distributions of the local loss factor along the axis of a CMC beam subject to pulsating loads of various frequencies are shown in the paper. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4239 EP 4256 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00199-9 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 697MN UT WOS:000183947100011 ER PT J AU Allen, LP Tetreault, TG Santeufemio, C Li, X Goodhue, WD Bliss, D Tabat, M Jones, KS Dallas, G Bakken, D Sung, C AF Allen, LP Tetreault, TG Santeufemio, C Li, X Goodhue, WD Bliss, D Tabat, M Jones, KS Dallas, G Bakken, D Sung, C TI Gas-cluster ion-beam smoothing of chemo-mechanical-polish processed GaSb(100) substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Alternative Substrate Technology (ICAST) CY SEP 15-19, 2002 CL CANCUN, MEXICO DE surface smoothing; gas-cluster ion beam (GCIB); surface modification; GaSb; CMP ID CHEMICAL DEPTH PROFILE; XPS METHOD; SURFACE; IMPACTS; OXIDE AB Gas-cluster ion-beam (GCIB) processing of surfaces provides individual atoms within an accelerated gas cluster (similar to1,500 atoms per cluster), an energy approximately equal to the individual bond energy of the target surface atoms. The gas-cluster beam is thus capable of providing smoothing and etching of the extreme surface of numerous semiconductors, metals, insulators, and magnetic materials. For semiconductor material systems, the gas-cluster processing effect on the surface and subsurface material is of critical interest for device and circuitry application integrity. In the case of III-V GaSb, chemo-mechanical or touch polishing is the final step in the semiconductor-wafer manufacturing process, often leaving scratches of various depths or damage on the polished surface. In this paper, we report the GCIB etching and smoothing of chemical-mechanical polished GaSb(100) wafers. Using a dual-energy, dual gas-cluster source process, similar to100 nm of material was removed from a GaSb(100) surface. Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) imaging and power spectral-density (PSD) analysis shows significant decrease in the post-GCIB root-mean-square (Rms) roughness and peak-to-valley measurements for the material systems. X-ray rocking-curve analysis has shown a 24-aresec reduction in the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the (111) x-ray diffraction peak of GaSb. High-resolution transmission-electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows the crystallinity of the subsurface of the pre- and post-GCIB surfaces to be consistent, following the 1 x 10(16) ions/cm(2) total-fluence processes, with dislocation density for both pre- and post-GCIB cases below the HRTEM resolution limit. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X-PS) indicates a strong Ga 3p electron binding-energy intensity for gallium-oxide formation on the GaSb surface with the use of an oxygen GCIB process. Analysis of the Ga 3p electron binding-energy peaks in the XPS data in conjunction with HRTEM indicates a higher Ga or GaSb content in the near-surface layer (less stoichiometric-oxide presence) with use of a CF4/O-2 GCIB process. The same peak analysis indicates that the surface gallium-oxide state is nearly unchanged, except in thickness, with the use of an O-2-GCIB second step. The material results suggest that GCIB provides a viable method of chemo-mechanical polish (CMP) damage removal on group III-V material for further device processing. C1 Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Galaxy Compound Semicond, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. RP Allen, LP (reprint author), Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 8 BP 842 EP 848 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0198-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 709EB UT WOS:000184610800004 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Burke, WJ Huang, CY Rich, FJ AF Mishin, EV Burke, WJ Huang, CY Rich, FJ TI Electromagnetic wave structures within subauroral polarization streams SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; F-REGION; QUANTITATIVE SIMULATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MAGNETIC STORM; AURORAL ARCS; RING CURRENT AB [1] We report on oscillations in electric (deltaE(Y)) and magnetic (deltaB(Z)) fields and plasma density (deltaN(i)) observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) satellites within fast subauroral convection streams in the evening sector during the magnetic storm of 6 November 2001. There are two types of wave phenomena. The first and more common is characterized by electromagnetic and plasma density variations that have the same frequency range of similar to0.15 Hz in the spacecraft frame of reference. The second is characterized by large-amplitude plasma and field oscillations over a broader range of frequencies similar to0.1 to 0.3 Hz. In this case the perturbation densities and fields appear to have different frequency responses. In this and other magnetic storms, strong waves are associated with the precipitation of similar to30 keV ions. Ratios of deltaE(Y)/deltaB(Z) indicate encounters with mixtures of electromagnetic ( in part Alfvenic) and electrostatic modes. Poynting vectors associated with the oscillations can be directed either into or out of the ionosphere. The density perturbations appear to be extended east-west corrugations in the plasma flow streams with north-south wavelengths of similar to 50 km. The deltaE(Y) and deltaN(i) variations were anticorrelated, as required for current conservation. Our analysis shows that Alfvenic perturbations are consistent with expected effects of irregular potential distribution around ionospheric density irregularities mapped to the magnetosphere. Inertial currents act to generate mesoscale field-aligned currents carried by Alfven waves, as was previously discussed with regards to auroral arcs formation. We suggest that dNi irregularities observed by DMSP satellites in the evening sector began as striated plasma patches in the polar cap that convected to subauroral latitudes. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NR 45 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A8 AR 1309 DI 10.1029/2002JA009793 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 710YQ UT WOS:000184710700001 ER PT J AU Twenge, JM Campbell, WK Foster, CA AF Twenge, JM Campbell, WK Foster, CA TI Parenthood and marital satisfaction: A meta-analytic review SO JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LA English DT Review DE birth cohort; children; gender; marital satisfaction; marriage ID FAMILY-LIFE-CYCLE; DETERMINANTS; HAPPINESS; ROLES AB This meta-analysis finds that parents report lower marital satisfaction compared with nonparents (d = -.19, r = -.10). There is also a significant negative correlation between marital satisfaction and number of children (d = -.13, r = -.06). The difference in marital satisfaction is most pronounced among mothers of infants (38% of mothers of infants have high marital satisfaction, compared with 62% of childless women). For men, the effect remains similar across ages of children. The effect of parenthood on marital satisfaction is more negative among high socioeconomic groups, younger birth cohorts, and in more recent years. The data suggest that marital satisfaction decreases after the birth of a child due to role conflicts and restriction of freedom. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF Acad, DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Twenge, JM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM jtwenge@mail.sdsu.edu RI Dezutter, jessie/E-5403-2012 NR 30 TC 201 Z9 204 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2445 J9 J MARRIAGE FAM JI J. Marriage Fam. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 65 IS 3 BP 574 EP 583 DI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00574.x PG 10 WC Family Studies; Sociology SC Family Studies; Sociology GA 713AU UT WOS:000184833200006 ER PT J AU Salzer, W Steinberg, SM Liewehr, DJ Freifeld, A Balis, FM Widemann, BC AF Salzer, W Steinberg, SM Liewehr, DJ Freifeld, A Balis, FM Widemann, BC TI Evaluation and treatment of fever in the non-neutropenic child with cancer SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cancer; children; fever; non-neutropenia; treatment ID EARLY HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY PATIENTS; LOW-RISK; OUTPATIENT MANAGEMENT; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; PHYSICIAN RESPONSE; ORAL CIPROFLOXACIN; PROSPECTIVE TRIAL; ANTIBIOTICS; BACTEREMIA AB Purpose: To document the current approach to the evaluation and treatment of febrile non-neutropenic children with cancer by surveying American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO) members. Methods: Five hundred ninety-five ASPHO members were sent questionnaires polling their current practices in the evaluation and treatment of clinically stable, febrile (oral temperature of 38degreesC x 2, or greater than or equal to38.3degreesC, non-neutropenic (absolute neutrophil count > 500/muL) pediatric cancer patients who have no identifiable bacterial infection. Patients were assigned to one of four groups based on the presence or absence of a central venous catheter (CVC) and no source (NS) or presumed viral source (VS) for fever. Results: Three hundred sixteen ASPHO members (53%) responded and 300 questionnaires were evaluable. If a CVC was present, respondents universally drew blood cultures (99% NS, 96% VS) from the CVC, but only one third drew peripheral blood cultures (33% NS, 29% VS). If a CVC was not present, the majority of respondents (80% NS, 61% VS) drew peripheral cultures. ASPHO members started empiric antibiotics more frequently in patients with a CVC (69% NS, 55% VS) than in patients without a CVC (33% NS, 23% VS). Most did not admit these patients to the hospital (40% CVC and NS, 33% CVC and VS, 22% no CVC and NS, 19% no CVC and VS). ASPHO members with more years of experience were more likely to obtain peripheral blood cultures if a CVC was present and to admit a patient without a CVC. Conclusions: Nearly all respondents obtained a blood culture from the CVC in the initial assessment of the febrile, non-neutropenic patient with a CVC, but other evaluation and management practices varied considerably. C1 NCI, Pharmacol & Therapeut Sect, Pediat Oncol Branch, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Keesler Med Ctr, Biloxi, MS USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. RP Salzer, W (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, 81st MDG-SGOC,301 Fisher St,Room 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-4114 J9 J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC JI J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 8 BP 606 EP 612 DI 10.1097/00043426-200308000-00004 PG 7 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 708EC UT WOS:000184553300004 PM 12902912 ER PT J AU Poppert, PE Herzog, HW AF Poppert, PE Herzog, HW TI Force reduction, base closure, and the indirect effects of military installations on local employment growth SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This study examines the indirect effects of military installations on county-level private employment, and specifically the special cases of base closure under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) proceedings of 1988, 1991, 1993, and 1995. Local employment impacts are considered within a partial adjustment construct of the changes model, a specification that facilitates the decomposition of defense personnel changes into their positive, negative, and BRAC-related components. The latter two components are subsequently examined for asymmetric effects attributable to ordinary force drawdown on the one hand, and base closure on the other. Also considered are the specific effects of direct federal assistance as well as facilities conversion and reutilization within BRAC communities. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Econ, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Poppert, PE (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 459 EP 481 DI 10.1111/1467-9787.00307 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 707XN UT WOS:000184535400002 ER PT J AU Zawada, LP Staehler, J Steel, S AF Zawada, LP Staehler, J Steel, S TI Consequence of intermittent exposure to moisture and salt fog on the high-temperature fatigue durability of several ceramic-matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Water Vapor Effects on Oxidation of High-Temperature Materials held at the 131st Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 18-20, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID SILICON-CARBIDE; BORON-NITRIDE; WATER-VAPOR; NACL WATER; OXIDATION; STABILITY; NICALON; BEHAVIOR; AIR; ENVIRONMENTS AB Fatigue behavior of four ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) was documented at 1000degreesC, and a fifth composite was documented at 1200degreesC. Additional fatigue specimens were cycled for set blocks of cycles, removed from the fatigue machine, and exposed in a cyclic corrosion tester for 24 h with a fog of deionized water and a fog of deionized water containing 0.05 wt% NaCl. BN-fiber-coated Nicalon(TM)/SiNC and Nicalon/ Al2O3 experienced a pronounced decrease in fatigue life (similar to86%) with salt fog exposure. Nicalon/C experienced rapid loss of the SiC exterior seal coat and a 30% decrease in life with salt fog exposure. Nextel610/AS and Nextel720/Al2O3 demonstrated no loss in fatigue performance or retained strength with water or salt fog exposure. Changes to the constituents of Nicalon/SiNC were evaluated to determine if they influenced moisture sensitivity. BN fiber coatings, BN or BN/SiC, alternate matrix prepreg, and matrix filler type had no influence on improving moisture resistance. Direct exposure to moisture fog produced accelerated rates of degradation in the BN fiber coating and greatly decreased fatigue durability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,MLLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zawada, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,MLLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1282 EP 1291 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 713YN UT WOS:000184885700007 ER PT J AU Devine, RAB Ball, D Rowe, JD Tringe, JW AF Devine, RAB Ball, D Rowe, JD Tringe, JW TI Irradiation and humidity effects on the leakage current in SiOx(CH3)y-based intermetal dielectric films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The influence of X-irradiation on leakage currents in SiOx(CH3)gamma-based dielectric films has been studied. In both unirradiated and irradiated samples, the natural logarithm of the leakage current density (J) varies as the (applied electric field)(1/2) at high electric fields consistent with the bulk-limited Poole-Frenkel mechanism although the measured slope of the curve is smaller than expected by a factor of 1.5. Radiation induces a shift of the ln(J) vs. E-1/2 to lower voltages in samples exposed in the presence of zero and 1.5 MV cm(-1) bias indicating significant charge trapping. We find clear evidence for uptake of moisture in the films leading to enhanced conductivity. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Devine, RAB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 8 BP F151 EP F155 DI 10.1149/1.1586926 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 702BT UT WOS:000184205300048 ER PT J AU Gschwender, L Snyder, CE Sharma, SK Fultz, GW AF Gschwender, L Snyder, CE Sharma, SK Fultz, GW TI Multi-purpose, moisture-resistant, high load carrying polyalphaolefin based grease, MIL-PRF-32014 SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 19-23, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Soc Tribologists Lubricat Engn DE additives; grease thickener; grease chemical properties; grease physical properties; aerospace tribology; corrosion inhibitor; synthetic lubricants AB A lithium-soap-thickened synthetic hydrocarbon (polyalphaolefin) grease was developed in response to failure of a sodium-soap-thickened mineral oil grease on long term storage in the F-107 engine of the Cruise Missile. The new, grease was heavily fortified with performance improving additives and has demonstrated excellent results in bench tests, in an engine test and in the actual application. The superior capabilities of the grease include very high speed (30,000 rpm), high load, high temperature, low water washout, excellent corrosion inhibition and excellent Wear resistance. A military specification, MIL-PRF-32014, Was Written to procure this grease. Testing of the grease in C-5 aircraft landing gear is currently underway and new applications are being investigated. This grease is anticipated to meet most of the military applications and is being proposed as a new multipurpose grease that could significantly reduce the number of greases in the military inventory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gschwender, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 IS 8 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 710VJ UT WOS:000184703300002 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Piva, SR Erhard, RE Hicks, G AF Childs, JD Piva, SR Erhard, RE Hicks, G TI Side-to-side weight-bearing asymmetry in subjects with low back pain SO MANUAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID SACROILIAC JOINT; THERAPY; MANIPULATION; DRAWINGS; TIME AB The purpose of this project was to determine if subjects with low back pain (LBP) exhibit greater side-to-side weight-bearing (WB) asymmetry compared to healthy control subjects without LBP. This study utilized an observational double cohort design and consisted of 35 subjects with LBP and 31 healthy control subjects. Side-to-side WB asymmetry was calculated as the average of the absolute value of the difference between the right and left lower extremity from three trials. The percentage of the average side-to-side WB asymmetry relative to the total body weight was calculated to normalize expected differences in magnitude of asymmetry based on a subject's total body weight. An 11-point numeric pain rating scale was used to represent the subject's current level of pain. Patients with LBP demonstrated significantly greater normalized side-to-side WB asymmetry than healthy control subjects (8.8% vs. 3.6%, respectively, P<0.001). In patients with LBP, higher magnitudes of side-to-side WB asymmetry were significantly associated with increased pain (r = 0.39, P = 0.021). In conclusion patients with LBP exhibited increased side-to-side WB asymmetry compared to healthy control subjects without LBP. This asymmetry was associated with increased levels of pain. This finding is relevant for planning future studies that will attempt to provide evidence for the construct validity of manipulation by determining if side-to-side WB asymmetry normalizes after a manipulation intervention and if this improvement is associated with improvements in pain and function. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MMKPP, Phys Therapy Serv, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Med, Hlth Syst Spine Special Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Natl Inst Aging, Gerontol Res Ctr, Clin Res Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), MMKPP, Phys Therapy Serv, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1356-689X J9 MANUAL THER JI Man. Ther. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S1356-689X(03)00014-6 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 714NC UT WOS:000184919500005 PM 12909437 ER PT J AU Van, T Wood, A AF Van, T Wood, A TI A time-marching finite element method for an electromagnetic scattering problem SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Maxwell's equations; finite element methods; Newmark scheme; error estimates; stability; cavity ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION; MAXWELL EQUATIONS; COST AB In this paper, Newmark time-stepping scheme and edge elements are used to numerically solve the time-dependent scattering problem in a three-dimensional polyhedral cavity. Finite element methods based on the variational formulation derived in Van and Wood (Adv. Comput. Math., to appear) are considered. Existence and uniqueness of the discrete problem is proved by using Babuska-Brezzi theory. Finite element error estimate and stability of the Newmark scheme are also established. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Wood, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0170-4214 J9 MATH METHOD APPL SCI JI Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1025 EP 1045 DI 10.1002/mma.411 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 706MF UT WOS:000184456900003 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Pagano, NJ AF Buryachenko, VA Pagano, NJ TI Non-local models of stress field concentrations and effective thermoelastic properties of random structure composites SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE microstructures; inhomogeneous material; elastic material ID EFFECTIVE ELASTIC-MODULI; MATRIX COMPOSITES; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; BOUNDS; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; INCLUSION; MECHANICS; CHOICE; DAMAGE AB We consider a linearly thermoelastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous set of ellipsoidal inclusions and subjected to inhomogeneous boundary conditions. We use the multiparticle effective field method (MEFM) based on the theory of functions of random variables and Green's functions; for references, see Buryachenko, VA. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 54, 1-47 (2001). Within this method, we derive a hierarchy of statistical moment equations for conditional averages of the stresses in the inclusions. The hierarchy is established by introducing the notion of an effective field. In this way the interaction of different inclusions is taken directly into account in the framework of the homogeneity hypothesis of the effective field. The non-local integral equation for the statistical average of stresses inside the inclusions is solved by three different methods: the quadrature method, the iteration method, and the Fourier transform method with subsequent comparative analysis. The standard scheme of iteration and Fourier transform methods permit us to obtain the explicit representations for the non-local integral and differential operators, respectively, of any order describing overall effective properties as well as the stress concentration factor in the components. It is shown that the integral operator reduces to the differential one for sufficiently smooth statistical average stress fields. With some additional assumptions, the proposed method is reduced to the perturbation method as well as to the "quasi-crystal line" approach. For some concrete numerical examples we can demonstrate the advantage of the quadrature method and the iteration method over the Fourier transform method. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1081-2865 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD AUG PY 2003 VL 8 IS 4 BP 403 EP 433 DI 10.1177/108128603031170 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 709LB UT WOS:000184625700004 ER PT J AU Akhonin, SV Trigub, NP Zamkov, VN Semiatin, SL AF Akhonin, SV Trigub, NP Zamkov, VN Semiatin, SL TI Mathematical modeling of aluminum evaporation during electron-beam cold-hearth melting of Ti-6Al-4V ingots SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A mathematical model was developed to describe the kinetics of aluminum evaporation during the electron-beam cold-hearth melting of titanium alloys. The analysis treated the diffusion of aluminum to the surface of the melt, chemical reaction between the melt and vapor phases at the surface, and the transport of aluminum into the vacuum chamber. The kinetics equation was combined with appropriate mass and energy balance equations to determine the effect of melting rate, the electron-beam power input to the melt pool in the hearth and the mold, and charge chemistry on the composition of the cast ingot. The model was validated by comparison to measurements for Ti-6Al-4V processed under a wide range of conditions. C1 EO Paton Welding Inst, Elect Beam Melting Dept, UA-03150 Kiev, Ukraine. EO Paton Welding Inst, Titanium Welding Dept, UA-03150 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Akhonin, SV (reprint author), EO Paton Welding Inst, Elect Beam Melting Dept, UA-03150 Kiev, Ukraine. EM aho13@ukrpost.net RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s11663-003-0071-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 706DK UT WOS:000184437200008 ER PT J AU Riddle, JR Brown, M Smith, T Ritchie, C Brix, KA Romano, J AF Riddle, JR Brown, M Smith, T Ritchie, C Brix, KA Romano, J TI Chemical warfare and the Gulf War: A review of the impact on Gulf veterans' health SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SELF-REPORTED EXPOSURES; GAS MASK PHOBIA; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL-EVALUATION; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; TOKYO SUBWAY; US VETERANS AB It is unlikely that Gulf War veterans are suffering chronic effects from illnesses caused by chemical warfare nerve agent exposure. Extensive investigation and review by several expert panels have determined that no evidence exists that chemical warfare nerve agents were used during the Gulf War. At no time before, during, or after the war was there confirmation of symptoms among anyone, military or civilian, caused by chemical warfare nerve agent exposure. However, studies of Gulf War veterans have found belief that chemical weapons were used, significantly associated with both severe and mild-moderate illnesses. The psychological impact of a chemical warfare attack, either actual or perceived, can result in immediate and long-term health consequences. The deployment or war-related health impact from life-threatening experiences of the Gulf War, including the perceived exposure to chemical warfare agents, should be considered as an important cause of morbidity among Gulf War veterans. C1 The Pentagon, Hlth Affairs, Off Assistant Secretary Def, Washington, DC USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Riddle, JR (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Skyline 6,Suite 682,5109 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 158 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 168 IS 8 BP 606 EP 613 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AN UT WOS:000186550400005 PM 12943034 ER PT J AU Schreuder-Gibson, HL Truong, Q Walker, JE Owens, JR Wander, JD Jones, WE AF Schreuder-Gibson, HL Truong, Q Walker, JE Owens, JR Wander, JD Jones, WE TI Chemical and biological protection and detection in fabrics for protective clothing SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE advanced fabrics; antimicrobial treatments; biological protection; chemical detection; chemical protection; permeable membranes ID CONDUCTING POLYMER SENSORS; ELECTRONIC NOSE; MICROTUBULES; POLYPYRROLE; NANOFIBERS; MECHANISM; FIBERS; ACID AB Military firefighter, law enforcement, and medical personnel require high-level protection when dealing with chemical and biological threats in many environments ranging from combat to urban agricultural and industrial. Current protective clothing is based on full barrier protection, such as hazardous materials (HAZMAT) suits, or permeable adsorptive protective overgarments such as those used by the US military. New protective garrnet systems are invisioned that contain novel features such as the capability to selectively block toxic chemicals, to chemically destroy toxic materials that contact the fabric and to detect hazardous agents on the surface of the fabric. New technologies being built into advanced fabrics for enhanced chemical and biological protection include selectively permeable membranes, reactive nanoparticles, reactive nanofibers, biocidal fabric treatments and conductive-polymer indicators on optical fibers. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Supporting Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLQF, Force Protect Branch,Aerosp Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Inst Mat Res, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 44 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 30 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 28 IS 8 BP 574 EP 578 DI 10.1557/mrs2003.168 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 712FK UT WOS:000184786800022 ER PT J AU Kretzschmar, DP Kretzschmar, JL AF Kretzschmar, DP Kretzschmar, JL TI Rhinosinusitis: Review from a dental perspective SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID MAXILLARY SINUS; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; MEDICAL-MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; HISTORY AB Patients often present to their dental providers with reports of posterior maxillary pain. The etiology of their symptoms may be either an acute or chronic situation, and the examining dentist's primary focus is usually to rule out dental pathosis. Rhinosinusitis should be an important consideration on the list of differential diagnoses when evaluating patients with posterior maxillary pain. The American Academy of Otolaryngology standardized the terminology for paranasal sinus infections in 1996 and offered guidelines for evaluation and treatment of sinusitis. This article highlights these guidelines for diagnosing and treating patients with rhinosinusitis. It also includes a review of sinus anatomy and of the special considerations for iatrogenic sinus exposure as well. Dental providers who understand the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the oral structures are better prepared to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. The astute dental provider will ensure a rapid and positive outcome for this group of patients with rhinosinusitis. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kretzschmar, DP (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S1079-2104(03)00306-8 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 711XQ UT WOS:000184766700002 PM 12931083 ER PT J AU Boghosian, BM Love, PJ Coveney, PV Karlin, IV Succi, S Yepez, J AF Boghosian, BM Love, PJ Coveney, PV Karlin, IV Succi, S Yepez, J TI Galilean-invariant lattice-Boltzmann models with H theorem SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID EQUATION AB We demonstrate that the requirement of Galilean invariance determines the choice of H function for a wide class of entropic lattice-Boltzmann models for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The required H function has the form of the Burg entropy for D=2, and of a Tsallis entropy with q=1-(2/D) for D>2, where D is the number of spatial dimensions. We use this observation to construct a fully explicit, unconditionally stable, Galilean-invariant, lattice-Boltzmann model for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, for which attainable Reynolds number is limited only by grid resolution. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Medford, MA 02155 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, Ctr Computat Sci, London WC1H 0AJ, England. ETH, ETH Zentrum, Inst Polymers, Dept Mat, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Ist Applicaz Calcolo, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Bromfield Pearson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI KARLIN, ILYA/F-8015-2011; Succi, Sauro/E-4606-2015 OI Succi, Sauro/0000-0002-3070-3079 NR 13 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 025103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.025103 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 719GC UT WOS:000185194400003 PM 14525035 ER PT J AU Banks, SB Stytz, MR AF Banks, SB Stytz, MR TI Progress and prospects for the development of computer-generated actors for military simulation: Part 2 - Reasoning system architectures and human behavior modeling SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Review ID DISTRIBUTED VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS AB The development of computer-generated synthetic environments, also called distributed virtual environments (DVEs), relies heavily upon computer-generated actors (CGAs) to provide accurate behaviors at reasonable cost so that the synthetic environments are useful, affordable, complex, and realistic. Unfortunately, the pace of synthetic environment development and the level of desired CGA performance continue to rise at a much faster rate than CGA capability improvements. This insatiable demand for realism in CGAs for synthetic environments arises from the growing understanding of the significant role that modeling and simulation can play in a variety of uses. These uses include training, analysis, procurement decisions, mission rehearsal, doctrine development, force-level and task-level training, information assurance, cyberwarfare, force structure analysis, sustainability analysis, life cycle costs analysis, material management, infrastructure analysis, and many other uses. In these and other uses of military synthetic environments, computer-generated actors play a central role because they have the potential to increase the realism of the environment while also reducing the cost of operating the environment, The progress made in addressing the technical challenges that must be overcome to realize effective and realistic CGAs for military Simulation environments and the technical areas that should be the focus of future work are the subject of this series of papers, which surveys the technologies and progress made in the construction and use of CGAs. In this, the second installment of three papers in the series, we present a discussion of CGA software architectures and a discussion of approaches to human behavior modeling. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32828 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banks, SB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32828 USA. EM Sheila.banks@afams.af.mil; mstytz@att.net NR 131 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1054-7460 EI 1531-3263 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 422 EP 436 DI 10.1162/105474603322391640 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 720UF UT WOS:000185277800008 ER PT J AU Bertin, JJ Cummings, RM AF Bertin, JJ Cummings, RM TI Fifty years of hypersonics: where we've been, where we're going SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; HEAT TRANSFER; SUPERSONIC SPEEDS; STABILITY; VEHICLES; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS; BODIES; SPACE AB Hypersonic flight has been with us since 22 September 1963, when Robert M. White flew the North American X-15 at 4520 mph at an altitude of 354,200 ft-a Mach number of 6.7! This remarkable achievement was accomplished over six decades due to intensive research and development by a large number of scientists and engineers. In spite of that momentous achievement, designers have found the hypersonic environment to be harsh and non-forgiving. New programs since the 1960s have often uncovered the unknown unknowns, usually the hard way-early flights of new systems have often revealed problems of which the designers were unaware. Such problems include: the ineffectiveness of the body flap for the Space Shuttle Orbiter, the viscous/inviscid interactions produced by the umbilical fairings that damaged the conical section tile protection system of the Gemini Capsule, and the shock/shock interaction that damaged the X-15A-2 when it carried the hypersonic ramjet experiment. In order to continue to make advances in hypersonic flight a sustained and visionary effort is essential to generate required knowledge and technology. In order to better prepare for future developments in hypersonic flight, this article reviews the advances made within the past 50 years and then looks into the future, not just for new technological developments, but for new ways of thinking about the unknown challenges that lie ahead. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 71 TC 85 Z9 105 U1 9 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD AUG-OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6-7 BP 511 EP 536 DI 10.1016/S0376-0421(03)00079-4 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 740XV UT WOS:000186429000004 ER PT J AU Drake, G Hawkins, T Brand, A Hall, L Mckay, M Vij, A Ismail, I AF Drake, G Hawkins, T Brand, A Hall, L Mckay, M Vij, A Ismail, I TI Energetic, low-melting salts of simple heterocycles SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; ALKALI-METAL NITRATES; RAMAN SPECTRA; NEOTERIC SOLVENTS; AMINO ACIDS; DINITRAMIDE; IONIZATION; CATALYSIS AB The synthesis of three new families of heterocyclic-based salts was undertaken and accomplished. Three triazole systems, 1H-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and 1H-1,2,3-triazole, were used as proton bases with nitric (HNO3) perchloric (HClO4), and dinitramidic (HN(NO2)(2)) acid systems. In all cases, stable salts were recovered and fully characterized by vibrational spectra (IR, Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, material balance, density measurements, and elemental analyses, as well as DSC, TGA and initial safety testing (impact). Many of these salts have melting points well below 100degreesC, yet high decomposition onsets, defining them as new, highly energetic members of the well known class of materials identified as ionic liquids. Additionally, the single crystal X-ray diffraction study of 1,2,4-triazolium perchlorate was investigated, revealing the expected structure. C1 Space & Missle Propuls Directorate AFRL PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ERC, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Drake, G (reprint author), Space & Missle Propuls Directorate AFRL PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 40 TC 152 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 174 EP 180 DI 10.1002/prep.200300002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 717QP UT WOS:000185101100002 ER PT J AU Porter, WJ John, R Olson, S AF Porter, WJ John, R Olson, S TI Determination of Young's modulus of grains in a gamma titanium aluminide alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminide; Young's modulus; elastic; finite element; polysynthetically twinned materials ID ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; PST CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE AB An experimental and analytical process for determining the elastic response of grains in a gamma titanium aluminide alloy was developed. Three-dimensional finite element models were employed to deduce the transversely isotropic properties. The results are compared with those reported for polysynthetically twinned materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Porter, WJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00280-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 692LR UT WOS:000183663000011 ER PT J AU Yocum, M Abramovich, H Grunwald, A Mall, S AF Yocum, M Abramovich, H Grunwald, A Mall, S TI Fully reversed electromechanical fatigue behavior of composite laminate with embedded piezoelectric actuator/sensor SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; TRANSDUCER AB The functionality of a commercially available piezoelectric (lead zirconate-titanate (PZT)) actuator/sensor embedded in a quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy composite while undergoing a combined electromechanical (E/M) fatigue under the fully reversed, tension-compression fatigue condition was investigated. The applied maximum stress levels ranged from 25 MPa (500 muepsilon) to 87.5 MPa. (1750 muepsilon), which were in the range of 0.5-1.75 times its design limit of 50 MPa (1000 muepsilon). At the same time, the embedded PZT was subjected to ac voltages ranging from -100 to 100 V or 100 to -100 V at 10 Hz, giving either in-phase or out-of-phase electrically induced strain with respect to the cyclic mechanical load or strain. The output voltage of embedded PZT was monitored during cycling to determine its health. Failure of the PZT was assumed when a reduction of 30% of the initial output voltage was seen during cycling, even after repoling. Out-of-phase tension-compression E/M fatigue generated greater damage to the PZT than in-phase tension-compression E/M fatigue. This was because the net effective stress/strain experienced by the PZT was lower in the in-phase condition than the out-of-phase condition. Comparisons were also made with the previously available tension-tension E/M fatigue results. In-phase results showed less damage of the PZT in tension-compression tests than in tension-tension tests. This was because in the tension-tension E/M fatigue loading there was no repoling of the PZT, but in the tension-compression case there was a continual repoling during cycling from the applied external voltage. In the out-of-phase E/M fatigue, the tension-compression case was worse for the PZT than the tension-tension E/M fatigue since relatively greater damage was done to the PZT from the tension-compression cyclic loads than tension-tension cyclic loads. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY,Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL,MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY,Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL,MLLMN, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 556 EP 564 AR PII S0964-1726(03)63284-2 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/12/4/307 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 717JU UT WOS:000185086000007 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Flexibility training SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERFORMANCE; JOINT C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 712UJ UT WOS:000184815900002 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Using uncommon implements in the training programs of athletes SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE power design; powerlifting; olympic lifting; implement training; active fluid resistance C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1519/00126548-200308000-00004 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 712UJ UT WOS:000184815900004 ER PT J AU Clewell, RA Merrill, EA Yi, KY Mahle, DA Sterner, TR Fisher, JW Gearhart, JM AF Clewell, RA Merrill, EA Yi, KY Mahle, DA Sterner, TR Fisher, JW Gearhart, JM TI Predicting neonatal perchlorate dose and inhibition of iodide uptake in the rat during lactation using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PBPK model; lactation; perchlorate; iodide; inhibition; milk ID PROPOSED PBPK MODEL; PIG THYROID GLANDS; MAMMARY-GLAND; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; INFANT EXPOSURE; RADIOACTIVE PERCHLORATE; POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; BREAST-MILK; ADULT-RATS AB Perchlorate (ClO4-), a contaminant in drinking water, competitively inhibits active uptake of iodide (I-) into various tissues' including mammary tissue. During postnatal development, inhibition of I- uptake in the mammary gland and neonatal thyroid and the active concentration ClO4- in milk indicate a potentially increased susceptibility of neonates to endocrine disruption. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to reproduce measured ClO4- distribution in the lactating and neonatal rat and predict resulting effects on I- kinetics from competitive inhibition at the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Kinetic I- and ClO4- behavior in tissues with NIS (thyroid, stomach, mammary gland, and skin) was simulated with multiple subcompartments, Michaelis-Menten (M-M) kinetics and competitive inhibition. Physiological and kinetic parameters were obtained from literature and experiment. Systemic clearance and M-M parameters were estimated by fitting simulations to tissue and serum data. The model successfully describes maternal and neonatal thyroid, stomach, skin, and plasma, as well as maternal mammary gland and milk data after ClO4- exposure (from 0.01 to 10 mg/kg-day ClO4-) and acute radioiodide (2.1 to 33,000 ng/kg I-) dosing. The model also predicts I- uptake inhibition in the maternal thyroid, mammary gland, and milk. Model simulations predict a significant transfer of ClO4- through milk after maternal exposure; approximately 50% to 6% of the daily maternal dose at doses ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 mg ClO4-/kg-day, respectively. Comparison of predicted dosimetrics across life-stages in the rat indicates that neonatal thyroid I- uptake inhibition is similar to the adult and approximately tenfold less than the fetus. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFRL, HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Operat Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Clewell, RA (reprint author), CIIT Ctrs Hlth Res, 6 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 70 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 416 EP 436 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg147 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 705LU UT WOS:000184397200023 PM 12805655 ER PT J AU Baughman, SM Sexton, W Bishoff, JT AF Baughman, SM Sexton, W Bishoff, JT TI Multiple intravesical linear staples identified during surveillance cystoscopy after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA; CLINICAL-SERIES; EXPERIENCE; TRACT AB Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy has faced technical criticism secondary to the unknown effects of urine-exposed intravesical or intraureteral staples. Although not reported, staples exposed to urine theoretically create a nidus for encrustation and stone formation. We present a case of a 66-year-old man after left laparoscopic ureterectomy for ureteral malignancy. Surveillance cystoscopy at 6 months revealed a nearly complete intravesical titanium staple line without encrustation. Successful transurethral removal of all staples with standard cystoscopic graspers revealed no immediate, or delayed, sequelae. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Flight, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bishoff, JT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Flight, 2200 Bergquist Ave, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 62 IS 2 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(03)00335-2 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 708FU UT WOS:000184557200045 ER PT J AU Conner, BP Hutson, AL Chambon, L AF Conner, BP Hutson, AL Chambon, L TI Observations of fretting fatigue micro-damage of Ti-6Al-4V SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE fretting fatigue; damage mechanisms; titanium ID CONTACT; BEHAVIOR; WEAR; PREDICTION; APPARATUS; ADHESION AB Small displacement contact fatigue below the threshold of sliding produces micro-slip near the edges of contact. The damage that results is known as fretting fatigue, and includes large surface stresses, wear in the regions of slip and crack nucleation, all of which contribute to drastic reductions in fatigue capability. Damage of this type that was generated using three independent test systems on four different contact geometries is compared. Characterization of the damage was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), semi-quantitative elemental analysis and metallographic cross-sectioning to identify damage micro-mechanisms. The evidence presented indicates the near simultaneous nucleation of multiple cracks, some of which will propagate if subjected to a sufficient bulk stress. While most cracks nucleated in regions of slip, cracks were observed outside of the slip regions under certain conditions. In regions of wear, micro-notches that can lead to the formation of fretting fatigue cracks were observed and appeared to have been the result of local plasticity induced by shot peening. Wear particles were observed in the mouths of cracks as small as 3 mum in depth. The implications of these observations on the development of life prediction models for fretting fatigue are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hutson, AL (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD AUG-SEP PY 2003 VL 255 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00152-2 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 747KY UT WOS:000186804700035 ER PT J AU Wu, JH Sanghavi, M Sanders, JH Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS Rigney, DA AF Wu, JH Sanghavi, M Sanders, JH Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS Rigney, DA TI Sliding behavior of multifunctional composite coatings based on diamond-like carbon SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE composite coatings; DLC coatings; sliding friction; WS2 ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; SUPERLOW FRICTION; WEAR; FILMS; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURES; ALUMINA; SILICON AB The sliding behavior of several coatings based on non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) is described. Coatings were produced by using a magnetron sputter-assisted pulsed laser deposition process developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Results are compared for two types of coatings: DLC with WC nanoparticles and DLC with both WC particles and WS2 ("WCS"). Sliding tests were done in air, nitrogen and vacuum and for alternating periods in different environments, e.g., cycling between air and vacuum conditions. The friction force and the signal from an in situ Kelvin probe were monitored during sliding. Friction coefficients ranging from near 0.01 to 0.6 have been observed. The Kelvin probe detected transients lasting from ten minutes to more than one hour. Post-test characterization included SEM/EDS, Raman and TEM. The role of transfer and mixing is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rigney, DA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD AUG-SEP PY 2003 VL 255 BP 859 EP 868 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00086-3 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 733YB UT WOS:000186027300011 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Andrews, L Tam, S DeRose, ME Fajardo, ME AF Wang, XF Andrews, L Tam, S DeRose, ME Fajardo, ME TI Infrared spectra of aluminum hydrides in solid hydrogen: Al2H4 and Al2H6 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; AB-INITIO; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; PARAHYDROGEN SOLIDS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; GROUND-STATE; GALLIUM AB The reaction of laser-ablated Al atoms and normal-H-2 during co-deposition at 3.5 K produces AlH, AlH2, and AlH3 based on infrared spectra and the results of isotopic substitution (D-2, H-2 + D-2 mixtures, HD). Four new bands are assigned to Al2H4 from annealing, photochemistry, and agreement with frequencies calculated using density functional theory. Ultraviolet photolysis markedly increases the yield of AlH3 and seven new absorptions for Al2H6 in the infrared spectrum of the solid hydrogen sample. These frequencies include terminal Al-H-2 and bridge Al-H-Al stretching and AlH2 bending modes, which are accurately predicted by quantum chemical calculations for dibridged Al2H6, a molecule isostructural with diborane. Annealing these samples to remove the H-2 matrix decreases the sharp AlH3 and Al2H6 absorptions and forms broad 1720 +/- 20 and 720 +/- 20 cm(-1) bands, which are due to solid (AlH3)(n). Complementary experiments with thermal Al atoms and para-H-2 at 2.4 K give similar spectra and most product frequencies within 2 cm(-1). Although many volatile binary boron hydride compounds are known, binary aluminum hydride chemistry is limited to the polymeric (AlH3)(n) Solid. Our experimental characterization of the dibridged Al2H6 molecule provides an important link between the chemistries of boron and aluminum. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Andrews, L (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, POB 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 NR 73 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 30 BP 9218 EP 9228 DI 10.1021/ja0353560 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 704WT UT WOS:000184364500054 PM 15369378 ER PT J AU Wisnowski, JW Simpson, JR Montgomery, DC Runger, GC AF Wisnowski, JW Simpson, JR Montgomery, DC Runger, GC TI Resampling methods for variable selection in robust regression SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE outliers; robust regression; variable selection; bootstrap; cross-validation ID MODEL SELECTION; BOUNDED INFLUENCE; HIGH BREAKDOWN; BOOTSTRAP; JACKKNIFE AB With the inundation of large data sets requiring analysis and empirical model building, outliers have become commonplace. Fortunately, several standard statistical software packages have allowed practitioners to use robust regression estimators to easily fit data sets that are contaminated with outliers. However, little guidance is available for selecting the best subset of the predictor variables when using these robust estimators. We initially consider cross-validation and bootstrap resampling methods that have performed well for least-squares variable selection. It turns out that these variable selection methods cannot be directly applied to contaminated data sets using a robust estimation scheme. The prediction errors, inflated by the outliers, are not reliable measures of how well the robust model fits the data. As a result, new resampling variable selection methods are proposed by introducing alternative estimates of prediction error in the contaminated model. We demonstrate that, although robust estimation and resampling variable selection are computationally complex procedures, we can combine both techniques for superior results using modest computational resources. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the proposed variable selection procedures against alternatives through a designed experiment approach. The experiment factors include percentage of outliers, outlier geometry, bootstrap sample size, number of bootstrap samples, and cross-validation assessment size. The results are summarized and recommendations for use are provided. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, DFMS, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Florida State Univ, Florida A&M Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 341 EP 355 AR PII S0167-9473(02)00235-9 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00235-9 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 697ZM UT WOS:000183973200005 ER PT J AU Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ Burke, WJ AF Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ Burke, WJ TI The 27-day variations of plasma densities and temperatures in the topside ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE topside ionosphere; midlatitude ionosphere; solar EUV; ionospheric structure; ionospheric models; DMSP ID SOLAR-CYCLE; MODELS AB [1] Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft at 840 km observe a 27-day variation in plasma density and temperature at all subauroral latitudes. At the peak of the solar cycle, evening-sector variations are similar to40-50% in plasma density and similar to5-10% in electron temperature. The percent of variation decreases with decreasing solar activity to or below the threshold of detectability for the DMSP sensors. We compare in situ densities with simultaneous observations of total electron content but find that similar variations are not present in a consistent manner. Thus we conclude that the variations exist mostly as topside phenomena. However, comparisons with variations in the radio flux at 10.7 cm (F-10.7), a standard proxy for solar EUV, indicate that the topside variations are driven by the solar EUV flux. When compared with the variations of several alternative proxies for the solar EUV flux, we find that only one of them correlates better than F-10.7. Because the topside ionosphere couples with the plasmasphere, we suggest that similar 27-day variations should appear in plasmaspheric parameters. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rich, FJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A7 AR 1297 DI 10.1029/2002JA009731 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 710UG UT WOS:000184699700003 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Cartwright, KL Lawrence, K Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Zagar, D AF Shiffler, D Cartwright, KL Lawrence, K Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Zagar, D TI Experimental and computational estimate of bipolar flow parameters in an explosive field emission cathode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Explosive field emission cathodes constitute an important class of cathodes for high power microwave tubes. These cathodes have the advantages of being light weight and the capability of operating cold. In the past, this class of cathodes suffered from large amounts of outgassing, nonuniform emission, and very high emittance. These effects tended to dominate the diode performance, masking effects due to the anode. However, a type of carbon cathode has enabled the role of the anode in the diode to be better determined. In this letter, we compare experimental results with simulated diode performance, allowing an estimate of the bounds on the secondary emission coefficient from the anode surface as well as the amount of neutral gas liberated from this surface. In general, secondary electrons and neutral atoms lead to plasma formation in high power microwave devices, which in turn deleteriously affect the tube performance. Hence, an estimate of such quantities for use in particle-in-cell codes can prove pivotal for accurate modeling of experimental devices. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Tech Matters, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 428 EP 430 DI 10.1063/1.1589164 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 701UE UT WOS:000184186700008 ER PT J AU Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Via, GD White, BD Bradley, ST Walker, DE Brillson, LJ AF Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Via, GD White, BD Bradley, ST Walker, DE Brillson, LJ TI Effects of deep-level defects on ohmic contact and frequency performance of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN AB We have characterized AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistors on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates with electrical and microcathodoluminescence spectral measurements. Quarter wafer-scale comparisons of spectral features in the GaN attributed to donor-acceptor pair (DAP) transitions and yellow luminescence (YL) from deep acceptors show that the specific contact resistance is related to the ratio of the DAP to YL defect emission intensities. This suggests that these defects interact to change the contact resistance locally on the GaN side of the AlGaN/GaN interface. We show that changes in the frequency response of these transistors can be attributed to these defects at the interface. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Jessen, GH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 485 EP 487 DI 10.1063/1.1593829 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 701UE UT WOS:000184186700027 ER PT J AU Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Bublik, VT Botchkarev, AE Griffin, JA Johnstone, DK Steiner, T Mohammad, SN AF Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Bublik, VT Botchkarev, AE Griffin, JA Johnstone, DK Steiner, T Mohammad, SN TI Defects and localized states in dilute GaAs1-xNx solid solutions prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID GAINNAS/GAAS LASER-DIODE; BAND-GAP ENERGY; GROWN GANAS; GAAS; SPECTROSCOPY; OPERATION; NITROGEN; INGAASN; ALLOYS; FILMS AB Defects and localized states have been studied for molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE)-grown high-resistivity and undoped GaAs1-xNx films with a N concentration not exceeding approximately 1.0at.%. The crystalline quality of the films and hence the defects and localized states were determined by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectra, capacitance versus voltage measurements and photoinduced Current transient spectra of GaAs and GaAs1-xNx layers. It was concluded that incorporation of low concentrations of N into MBE-grown GaAs1-xNx films promotes the formation of high densities of deep centres similar to EL2 donors, leading to heavy compensation of the films by some unidentified acceptors. GaAs antisite acceptors were believed to be responsible for the said compensation. A prominent defect band near 1.33-1.38eV also appeared to be associated with these defects. The most prominent centres in dilute GaAs1-xN, films with N content less than 0.35 at.% seem to be the EL2 donors and the hole traps located near E-v + 0.3 eV. C1 Inst Rare Met, Moscow 109017, Russia. Moscow Steel & Alloys Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Semicond, Moscow 117936, Russia. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Polyakov, AY (reprint author), Inst Rare Met, B Tolmachevsky 5, Moscow 109017, Russia. RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 21 BP 2531 EP 2544 DI 10.1080/01418610210000058724 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 700UH UT WOS:000184129200007 ER PT J AU Prasad, A Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Prasad, A Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Complicated basins in external-cavity semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE nonlinear dynamics; optical chaos; semiconductor lasers ID LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS; CHAOTIC DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; RIDDLED BASINS; TRANSVERSE INSTABILITY; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; BOUNDARIES; ATTRACTORS; NOISE AB We demonstrate that complicated basins of attraction can occur in time-delay coupled, external-cavity semiconductor lasers. In particular, we find that there can be multiple coexisting attractors associated with low-frequency fluctuations in the laser power output, and prediction of the asymptotic attractor for specific initial conditions is practically impossible. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, SSERC, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Prasad, A (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. OI Prasad, Awadhesh/0000-0003-0123-5146 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 314 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(03)00880-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 703RJ UT WOS:000184294500008 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Ling, AG Richardson, IG AF Cliver, EW Ling, AG Richardson, IG TI Coronal mass ejections, the tail of the solar wind magnetic field distribution, and 11 year cosmic-ray modulation at 1 AU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; solar wind; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID PROPAGATING DIFFUSIVE BARRIERS; PIONEER SPACECRAFT MEASUREMENTS; HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; 1974 MINICYCLE; VOYAGER-2 OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; CYCLE VARIATION; INTENSITY; FLUX AB Using a recent classification of the solar wind at 1 AU into its principal components ( slow solar wind, highspeed streams, and coronal mass ejections [CMEs]) for 1972-2000, we show that the monthly averaged Galactic cosmic-ray intensity is anticorrelated with the percentage of time that the Earth is embedded in CME flows. We suggest that this anticorrelation results primarily from a CME-related change in the tail of the distribution function of hourly averaged values of the solar wind magnetic field (B) between solar minimum and solar maximum. The number of high B-values (greater than or equal to10 nT) increases by a factor of similar to3 from minimum to maximum (from 5% of all hours to 17%), with about two-thirds of this increase due to CMEs. On an hour-to-hour basis, average changes of cosmic-ray intensity at Earth become negative for solar wind magnetic field values greater than or equal to10 nT. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. NASA, Lab High Energy Astrophys Code 661, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 592 IS 1 BP 574 EP 579 DI 10.1086/375616 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700EA UT WOS:000184098600047 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA Seidman, DN Asta, M Woodward, C Ozolins, V AF Marquis, EA Seidman, DN Asta, M Woodward, C Ozolins, V TI Mg segregation at Al/Al3Sc heterophase interfaces on an atomic scale: Experiments and computations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AL-SC ALLOYS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; ALUMINUM; PRECIPITATION; DIFFUSION; SCANDIUM; METALS AB Microscopic factors governing solute partitioning in ternary two-phase Al-Sc-Mg alloys are investigated combining three-dimensional-atom-probe (3DAP) miscroscopy measurements with first-principles computations. 3DAP is employed to measure composition profiles with subnanometer-scale resolution, leading to the identification of a large enhancement of Mg solute at the coherent alpha-Al/Al3Sc (fcc/L1(2)) heterophase interface. First-principles calculations establish an equilibrium driving force for this interfacial segregation reflecting the nature of the interatomic interactions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010; Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 AR 036101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.036101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706AF UT WOS:000184428900025 PM 12906429 ER PT J AU Thompson, IM Goodman, PJ Tangen, CM Lucia, MS Miller, GJ Ford, LG Lieber, MM Cespedes, RD Atkins, JN Lippman, SM Carlin, SM Ryan, A Szczepanek, CM Crowley, JJ Coltman, CA AF Thompson, IM Goodman, PJ Tangen, CM Lucia, MS Miller, GJ Ford, LG Lieber, MM Cespedes, RD Atkins, JN Lippman, SM Carlin, SM Ryan, A Szczepanek, CM Crowley, JJ Coltman, CA TI The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PREVENTION TRIAL; THERAPY; RISK; HYPERPLASIA; FEATURES; ANTIGEN; VOLUME; BIOPSY AB Background: Androgens are involved in the development of prostate cancer. Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase, inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the primary androgen in the prostate, and may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Methods: In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, we randomly assigned 18,882 men 55 years of age or older with a normal digital rectal examination and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 3.0 ng per milliliter or lower to treatment with finasteride (5 mg per day) or placebo for seven years. Prostate biopsy was recommended if the annual PSA level, adjusted for the effect of finasteride, exceeded 4.0 ng per milliliter or if the digital rectal examination was abnormal. It was anticipated that 60 percent of participants would have prostate cancer diagnosed during the study or would undergo biopsy at the end of the study. The primary end point was the prevalence of prostate cancer during the seven years of the study. Results: Prostate cancer was detected in 803 of the 4368 men in the finasteride group who had data for the final analysis (18.4 percent) and 1147 of the 4692 men in the placebo group who had such data (24.4 percent), for a 24.8 percent reduction in prevalence over the seven-year period (95 percent confidence interval, 18.6 to 30.6 percent; P<0.001). Tumors of Gleason grade 7, 8, 9, or 10 were more common in the finasteride group (280 of 757 tumors [37.0 percent], or 6.4 percent of the 4368 men included in the final analysis) than in the placebo group (237 of 1068 tumors [22.2 percent], P<0.001 for the comparison between groups; or 5.1 percent of the 4692 men included in the final analysis, P=0.005 for the comparison between groups). Sexual side effects were more common in finasteride-treated men, whereas urinary symptoms were more common in men receiving placebo. Conclusions: Finasteride prevents or delays the appearance of prostate cancer, but this possible benefit and a reduced risk of urinary problems must be weighed against sexual side effects and the increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. C1 SW Oncol Grp, Operat Off, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. SE Med Oncol Ctr, Goldsboro, NC USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Grand Rapids Community Clin Oncol Program, Grand Rapids, MI USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Thompson, IM (reprint author), SW Oncol Grp, Operat Off, 14980 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA35178, CA37429, CA45808] NR 30 TC 1493 Z9 1543 U1 3 U2 48 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa030660 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 701KA UT WOS:000184165700005 PM 12824459 ER PT J AU Brown, MS Scofield, JD Ganguly, BN AF Brown, MS Scofield, JD Ganguly, BN TI Emission, thermocouple, and electrical measurements in SF6/Ar/O-2 SiC etching discharges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC OXYGEN; RF DISCHARGE; LOW-PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMAS; ACTINOMETRY; SF6; IMPACT; DEACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE AB In SiC etching plasma devices, we have recorded plasma emission from Ar, F, and O atoms in SF6/Ar/O-2 rf discharges as a function of pressure, input power, and mixture fraction. At fixed power, the emission intensities rise nearly linearly with increasing pressure between 100 and 300 mTorr; with pressure increases to 600 mTorr, the emission intensity rolls off due to the increase in collisional de-excitation. At fixed pressure, Ar and O atom emission shows a similar functional dependence on input power with a roll off at the higher powers due to decreasing reduced electric field strength (E/n, where n denotes the number density). In contrast, the F atom emission increase with increasing power is nearly linear. This reflects the fact that F atoms are produced by dissociative attachment of SF6 (for lower E/n conditions) in addition to direct electron impact dissociation. Electrical measurements, with a variable interelectrode gap discharge, indicate that the electric field to pressure (E/p) ratio does drop with increasing input power. Thermocouple measurements show that the ground electrode temperature increases with increasing power. The dissociative attachment of SF6 increases with increasing temperature as well. The SiC etch rate increases nearly linearly with input power up until the polymer buildup becomes the rate limiting process. At fixed pressure, the Ar emission from the 750 nm line decreases with increasing additions (up to 10%) of O-2. This is due to resonantly enhanced quenching of the 4p (13.5 eV) manifold by oxygen atoms. In marked contrast, the F atom emission intensity increases suggesting F atom production by neutral species chemistry. Over the pressure (100-600 mTorr) and power (20-60 W) range studied, the Ar 750 nm emission line serves as a good actinometer for the 704 nm F line provided that there is not a high degree (or changing degree) of O-2 dissociation. Resonant deactivation of the 750 nm line through collisional interaction with O atoms, can make the 750 nm line problematic. Under such conditions our previous work indicates that the Ar 641 nm line can provide an alternative actinometer. The excited state of the 641 nm transition lies above the O atom ionization limit making it immune from resonant quenching. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, MS (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 822 EP 830 DI 10.1063/1.1580197 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200002 ER PT J AU Azuhata, T Takesada, M Yagi, T Shikanai, A Chichibu, S Torii, K Nakamura, A Sota, T Cantwell, G Eason, DB Litton, CW AF Azuhata, T Takesada, M Yagi, T Shikanai, A Chichibu, S Torii, K Nakamura, A Sota, T Cantwell, G Eason, DB Litton, CW TI Brillouin scattering study of ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; CDS AB Polarized Brillouin scattering measurements were carried out for a bulk ZnO single crystal. The whole set of elastic stiffness constants was determined to be c(11)=19.0, c(12)=11.0, c(13)=9.0, c(33)=19.6, c(44)=3.9, and c(66)=4.0 in units of 10(11) dyn/cm(2). The relationships between photoelastic constants at wavelength of 514.5 nm were also obtained: p(11), p(13), p(44), and p(66)=1.8, 2.3, 0.50, and 0.38, respectively, relative to p(12). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hirosaki Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Res Inst Elect Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600812, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Venture Business Lab, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, ERATO, NICP, Tokyo 1020071, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Photodynam Res Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Eagle Picher Technol LLC, Miami, OK 74354 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Azuhata, T (reprint author), Hirosaki Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 968 EP 972 DI 10.1063/1.1586466 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200023 ER PT J AU Bochove, EJ Cheo, PK King, GG AF Bochove, EJ Cheo, PK King, GG TI Self-organization in a multicore fiber laser array SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; PROPAGATION; INJECTION; BEAM AB We explain an observed spontaneous transition to the high-brightness, in-phase array state of a seven-core ytterbium-doped fiber laser array [IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 13, 439 (2001)]. The responsible mechanism is nonlinear refraction, and either in-phase or antiphase array modes can be selected by control of pump intensity. The phenomenon appears to be robust and scalable. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. PC Photon Corp, Waterford, CT 06385 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 131 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 14 BP 1200 EP 1202 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001200 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 697ED UT WOS:000183928500010 PM 12885020 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Smith, DL AF Albrecht, JD Smith, DL TI Spin-polarized electron transport at ferromagnet/semiconductor Schottky contacts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; HETEROSTRUCTURE AB We theoretically investigate electron spin-injection and spin-polarization sensitive current detection at a Schottky contact between a ferromagnetic metal and an n-type or a p-type semiconductor. We use spin-dependent continuity equations and transport equations at the drift-diffusion level of approximation. Spin-polarized electron current and density in the semiconductor are described for four scenarios corresponding to the injection or the collection of spin-polarized electrons at Schottky contacts to n-type or p-type semiconductors. The transport properties of the interface are described by a spin-dependent interface resistance, resulting from an interfacial tunneling region. The spin-dependent interface resistance is crucial for achieving spin-injection or spin-polarization sensitivity in these configurations. We find that the depletion region resulting from the Schottky barrier formation at a metal/semiconductor interface is detrimental to both spin injection and spin detection. However, the depletion region can be tailored using a doping density profile to minimize these deleterious effects. For example, a heavily doped region near the interface, such as a delta-doped layer, can be used to form a sharp potential profile through which electrons tunnel to reduce the effective Schottky energy barrier that determines the width of the depletion region. The model results indicate that efficient spin-injection and spin-polarization detection can be achieved in properly designed structures and can serve as a guide for the structure design. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035340 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035340 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600112 ER PT J AU Hazu, K Sota, T Suzuki, K Adachi, S Chichibu, SF Cantwell, G Eason, DB Reynolds, DC Litton, CW AF Hazu, K Sota, T Suzuki, K Adachi, S Chichibu, SF Cantwell, G Eason, DB Reynolds, DC Litton, CW TI Strong biexcitonic effects and exciton-exciton correlations in ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; POLARITONS; STATES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; TRANSITIONS; COHERENCE; SPECTRUM; MOLECULE; CDS AB We have studied experimentally biexcitonic states of ZnO of rather high quality in the low exciton density limit by means of time-integrated and spectrally-resolved four-wave mixing (FWM). FWM emission signals due to biexcitons consisting of two A-hole excitons (AA biexcitons), an A-hole and a B-hole exciton (AB biexcitons), and two B-hole excitons (BB biexcitons) have been clearly observed according to polarization selection rules. The obtained binding energies for AA, AB, and BB biexcitons are 15.6, 16.6, and 4.7 meV, respectively. A brief discussion is also given on the contribution of biexciton and two-pair continuum resonances to the FWM signal. C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Eagle Picher Technol LLC, Miami, OK 74354 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, ERATO, NICP, Tokyo, Japan. RIKEN, Photodynam Res Ctr, Wako, Saitama, Japan. RP Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM kouji@moegi.waseda.jp NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.033205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600011 ER EF