FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Smith, P Ivan, D LoRusso, F MacKersie, D Tredici, T AF Smith, P Ivan, D LoRusso, F MacKersie, D Tredici, T TI Intraocular lens and corneal status following aircraft ejection by a USAF aviator SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE intraocular lens; IOL; pseudophakia; detonation cord; aircraft ejection; corneal foreign bodies AB Prior to 1967, military aviators who developed visually significant cataracts that affected visual performance were grounded. Those that ultimately required surgical removal were permanently grounded because of significant optical effects post-operatively. With the advent of contact lenses, a limited number of aircrew were returned to the cockpit because of improved optical factors provided by contacts post-cataract surgery. However, development of the intraocular lens (IOL) in the 1970s marked a major technological breakthrough that provided the potential to restore post-cataract surgical vision to near normal conditions. This case report is the first known occurrence of ejection from a high performance military aircraft by an aviator with an IOL. The success and stability of the IOL through this event provided additional clinical and operational information relative to the overall USAF experience with certain types of IOL approved for use in USAF aircrew. The aviator also sustained unexpected corneal foreign bodies due to the canopy fragmentation system. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ivan, D (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECO, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1230 EP 1234 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 623UA UT WOS:000179720200013 PM 12498554 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NB Miller, J Lerew, D Woolaway-Bickel, K Fitzpatrick, K AF Schmidt, NB Miller, J Lerew, D Woolaway-Bickel, K Fitzpatrick, K TI Imaginal provocation of panic in patients with panic disorder SO BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Article ID 35-PERCENT CO2 CHALLENGE; BIOLOGICAL CHALLENGE; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; EMOTIONAL IMAGERY; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; HYPOTHESIS; INHALATION; ATTACKS; FEAR AB An imaginal challenge was designed to determine the degree to which cognitive manipulations, in isolation from specific biological challenge agents, might be sufficient for the production of panic in patients with panic disorder, Patients with panic disorder (n = 20) and nonclinical controls (n = 18) were exposed to four audiotaped vignettes (physical threat, social threat, loss of control threat, control). In relation to a composite measure of panic, the experimental vignettes produced panic in 30% of the patient sample compared to 0% of the control sample. There was also evidence for increased subjective reactivity to personally relevant panicogenic stimuli. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schmidt, NB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, 245 Townshend Hall,1885 Neil Ave Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM schmidt.283@osu.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADV BEHAVIOR THERAPY PI NEW YORK PA 305 7TH AVE #16A, NEW YORK, NY 10001-6008 USA SN 0005-7894 J9 BEHAV THER JI Behav. Therapy PD WIN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0005-7894(02)80010-7 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 533KT UT WOS:000174529300009 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Scintigraphic findings in Gorlin's syndrome SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Gorlin-Goltz syndrome; Gorlin's syndrome; nevoid basal cell carcinoma; scintigraphy ID CELL CARCINOMA SYNDROME; NEVUS SYNDROME; LESIONS AB A 45-year-old woman had a history of Gorlin's syndrome, which included findings of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, vertebral anomalies, and calcification of the cerebral falx. She was examined after suffering blunt trauma to her right knee. Radiographs of her right knee revealed a moth-eaten appearance to her distal femur and proximal tibia. Further radiologic work-up revealed diffuse osteopenia and pseudocystic, lytic changes throughout her extremities, with evidence of previous pathologic fractures involving several metacarpal bones and the right distal radius and ulna. A whole-body bone scan revealed increased uptake corresponding to the abnormalities seen on conventional radiography. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 12 BP 913 EP 914 DI 10.1097/01.RLU.0000037329.12571.3C PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 616XV UT WOS:000179329500023 PM 12607884 ER PT J AU Agan, BK Dolan, MJ AF Agan, BK Dolan, MJ TI Laboratory diagnosis of Bartonella infections SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE INFECTION; CULTURE-NEGATIVE ENDOCARDITIS; SEROLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIONS; AFIPIA-FELIS ANTIGENS; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS AB Bartonella species are pathogens of emerging and reemerging significance, causing a wide array of clinical syndromes ranging from cat scratch disease and persistent bacteremia to disseminated bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis, endocarditis, trench fever, encephalitis, and neuroretinitis. Although improved blood culture techniques were a primary factor in the discovery of Bartonella endocarditis, isolation of the organism still requires prolonged periods and specific growth conditions. Thus, serologic testing for Bartonella henselae infections has become the cornerstone of clinical diagnosis, replacing the skin test. Molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction, offer high sensitivity and specificity, rapid availability of information, and the ability to differentiate Bartonella organisms at the highest level. This article focuses on the use of microbiologic, serologic, and molecular means to aid in the clinical diagnosis of Bartonella infections. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Agan, BK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 759 MDOS-MMII,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 118 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 937 EP + AR PII S0272-2712(02)00017-3 DI 10.1016/S0272-2712(02)00017-3 PG 27 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 624AE UT WOS:000179736500008 PM 12489289 ER PT J AU Morrell, AD Venticinque, S AF Morrell, AD Venticinque, S TI A comparison of different classes of oxygen delivery systems on alveolar denitrogenation during spontaneous tidal breathing SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Critical Care Congress CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 12 SU S MA 413 BP A97 EP A97 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 633RM UT WOS:000180296300330 ER PT J AU Snellman, EA Sullivan, ER Colwell, RR AF Snellman, EA Sullivan, ER Colwell, RR TI Purification and properties of the extracellular lipase, LipA, of Acinetobacter sp RAG-1 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lipase; LipA; Acinetobacter sp RAG-1; protein purification; zymogram ID CALCOACETICUS BD413; ARTHROBACTER RAG-1; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; INTERFACIAL ACTIVATION; DISC ELECTROPHORESIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE CLONING; EMULSIFIER; EXPRESSION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA-EF2 AB An extracellular lipase, LipA, extracted from Acinetobacter sp. RAG-1 grown on hexadecane was purified and properties of the enzyme investigated. The enzyme is released into the growth medium during the transition to stationary phase. The lipase was harvested from cells grown to stationary phase, and purified with 22% yield and > 10-fold purification. The protein demonstrates little affinity for anion exchange resins, with contaminating proteins removed by passing crude supernatants over a Mono Q column. The lipase was bound to a butyl Sepharose column and eluted in a Triton X-100 gradient. The molecular mass (33 kDa) was determined employing SDS/PAGE. LipA was found to be stable at pH 5.8-9.0, with optimal activity at 9.0. The lipase remained active at temperatures up to 70 degreesC, with maximal activity observed at 55 degreesC. LipA is active against a wide range of fatty acid esters of p-nitrophenyl, but preferentially attacks medium length acyl chains (C-6, C-8). The enzyme demonstrates hydrolytic activity in emulsions of both medium and long chain triglycerides, as demonstrated by zymogram analysis. RAG-1 lipase is stabilized by Ca2+, with no loss in activity observed in preparations containing the cation, compared to a 70% loss over 30 h without Ca2+. The lipase is strongly inhibited by EDTA, Hg2+, and Cu2+, but shows no loss in activity after incubation with other metals or inhibitors examined in this study. The protein retains more than 75% of its initial activity after exposure to organic solvents, but is rapidly deactivated by pyridine. RAG-1 lipase offers potential for use as a biocatalyst. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Microbiol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Suite 236,Columbus Ctr,701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM rcolwell@umbi.umd.edu NR 41 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 269 IS 23 BP 5771 EP 5779 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03235.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 617UZ UT WOS:000179380400004 PM 12444965 ER PT J AU Compton, JG DiGiovanna, JJ Johnston, KA Fleckman, P Bale, SJ AF Compton, JG DiGiovanna, JJ Johnston, KA Fleckman, P Bale, SJ TI Mapping of the associated phenotype of an absent granular layer in ichthyosis vulgaris to the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1 SO EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ichthyosis vulgaris; linkage analysis; epidermal differentiation complex ID X-LINKED ICHTHYOSIS; EXPRESSION; FILAGGRIN; LINKAGE; GENE AB Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) is a mild to severe scaling disorder of uncertain etiology estimated to affect as many as 1:250 in the population. Family studies have shown that in many cases IV follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, but gene mapping studies have not been reported. To investigate the genetic basis for inherited IV, we have performed gene linkage studies in two multigenerational families where affected individuals have clinical features of IV but distinct histological features. The epidermis in this disorder characteristically displays non-specific orthohyperkeratosis Notably, a subset of IV patients with a reduced or absent granular epidermal layer (AGL) have been reported, and decreased filaggrin levels have been described in others. The prominent role of profilaggrin in human keratohyalin suggests that defects in the gene for profilaggrin (FLG), its processing of profillagrin to filaggrin, or a gene involved in profilaggrin regulation may underlie or modify the pathology in IV Family 1 had seven individuals with IV, severe heat intolerance and epidermis with 1-3 granular layers (consistent with normal epidermal histology). Ichthyosis vulgaris in this family did not segregate with FLG or other genes in the epidermal differentiation complex. In contrast, five of the six IV patients in Family 2,,all siblings, had epidermis with no granular layer. Significant evidence was obtained for linkage of IV with the associated AGL phenotype to the epidermal differentiation complex (which includes FLG) assuming either a recessive (max Lod 3.4) or dominant (max Lod 3.6) inheritance model. Sequence analysis of FLG did not reveal a mutation in the amino or carboxyl terminal portions of the coding sequence adjacent to filaggrin repeats. The AGL may represent an endophenotype for IV, and the presence of a modifier of IV pathology at this locus is discussed. C1 NIAMSD, Skin Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Brown Univ, Dept Dermatol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Dermatol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Compton, JG (reprint author), GeneDx Inc, 9700 Great Seneca Highway,Suite 217, Rockville, MD 20880 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-6705 J9 EXP DERMATOL JI Exp. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2002.110604.x PG 9 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 630DL UT WOS:000180092200004 PM 12473059 ER PT J AU Copenhaver, W Estevadeordal, J Gogineni, S Gorrell, S Goss, L AF Copenhaver, W Estevadeordal, J Gogineni, S Gorrell, S Goss, L TI DPIV study of near-stall wake-rotor interactions in a transonic compressor SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; FLOW; FAN; TURBOMACHINERY; STAGE AB Wake-rotor interactions at near-stall conditions are studied using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) in a transonic compressor at the Compressor Aero Research Lab (CARL) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The wake generators (WGs) are designed to simulate wakes of highly loaded stators without producing flow swirl. Flow visualization, instantaneous, and average velocity field data are presented for near-stall compressor operating conditions. These results describe the interaction of the wake shed from the upstream WG with the downstream potential field of the rotor leading edge for two axial spacings at 75 and 90% span. The advantage of ensemble averaging is demonstrated when operating at challenging conditions such as near-stall, which poses special difficulties in obtaining DPIV data. Ensemble averaging, which is possible because of a natural phase locking provided by the blade potential field, allows robust statistics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Copenhaver, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 899 EP 908 DI 10.1007/s00348-002-0503-y PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 628HB UT WOS:000179986400018 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, JT TI Gettysburg: The first day SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD WIN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 631FD UT WOS:000180156700036 ER PT J AU Kent, B AF Kent, B TI AMTA corner SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AFRL, SNS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent, B (reprint author), AFRL, SNS, Bldg 254,2591 K St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 637PE UT WOS:000180520600022 ER PT J AU Sharma, AK Zaidi, SH Logofatu, PC Brueck, SRJ AF Sharma, AK Zaidi, SH Logofatu, PC Brueck, SRJ TI Optical and electrical properties of nanostructured metal-silicon-metal photodetectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE interferometric lithography; metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM); nanostructures; photodetectors; rigourous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA); silicon ID WAVELENGTH AB We report an experimental evaluation of the performance of silicon (Si) photodetectors incorporating one-dimensional (1-D) arrays of rectangular and triangular-shaped nanoscale structures. within their active regions. A significant (similar to 2 x) enhancement in photoresponse is achieved in these devices across the 400- to 900-nm spectral region due to the modification of optical absorption properties that results from structuring the Si surface on physical optics scales smaller than the wavelength, which both reduces the reflectivity and concentrates the optical field closer to the surface. Both patterned (triangular and rectangular lineshape) and planar Ni-Si back-to-back Schottky barrier metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors on n-type, (similar to 5 x 10(14) cm(-3)) bulk Si were studied. 1-D similar to50-250-nm linewidth, similar to1000-nm depth, grating structures were fabricated by a combination of interferometric lithography and dry etching. The nanoscale grating structures significantly modify the absorption, reflectance, and transmission characteristics of the semiconductor: air interface. These changes result in improved electrical response leading to increased external quantum efficiency (from similar to 44% for planar to similar to 81% for structured devices at lambda =700 nm). In addition, a faster time constant (similar to 1700 ps for planar to similar to 600 ps for structured at lambda =900 nm) is achieved by increasing the absorption near the surface where the carriers can be rapidly collected. Experimental quantum, efficiency and photocurrents results are compared with a theoretical photocurrent model based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis of nanostructured gratings. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Gratings Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest, Romania. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Sharma, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. RI Logofatu, Petre/B-7070-2011; Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; OI Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1651 EP 1660 DI 10.1109/JQE.2002.805112 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 622KV UT WOS:000179647000013 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Basun, SA Saleh, MA Allen, AS Pottenger, TP Cook, G Bunning, TJ Guha, S AF Evans, DR Basun, SA Saleh, MA Allen, AS Pottenger, TP Cook, G Bunning, TJ Guha, S TI Elimination of photorefractive grating writing instabilities in iron-doped lithium niobate SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE instability; lithium niobate; photorefractive; photovoltaic; quasi-breakdown; two-beam coupling AB Two types of instabilities, one slow (seconds) and one fast (nanoseconds), are observed while writing volume gratings in bulk crystals of iron-doped lithium niobate using contra-directional two-beam coupling along the c axis. A method to eliminate the fast instability was achieved by coating the z surfaces of the crystal with either dielectric (anti-reflection) or transparent conductive coatings. For the second case, electrically shorting the crystal eliminated the slow instability. C1 Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. So Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1665 DI 10.1109/JQE.2002.805109 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 622KV UT WOS:000179647000014 ER PT J AU Welch, TB Musselman, RL Emessiene, BA Gift, PD Choudhury, DK Cassadine, DN Yano, SM AF Welch, TB Musselman, RL Emessiene, BA Gift, PD Choudhury, DK Cassadine, DN Yano, SM TI The effects of the human body on UWB signal propagation in an indoor environment SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE antenna proximity factors; fading channels; radio propagation AB Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems are investigated for their ability to operate in dense multipath environments. While a great deal of time and effort has been spent characterizing both the indoor and outdoor UWB channels, the effects of human body interaction with a close proximity UWB antenna remains unexplored. Measurements of a commercially available UWB antenna performance in, an anechoic chamber and in various indoor multipath environments were conducted. Comparisons of these measurement results indicate that while the human body creates a deep null (23.6 dB) in a light multipath environment, this null is drastically reduced (6.8 dB) in a dense multipath environment. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. Time Domain Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM t.b.welch@ieee.org NR 11 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1778 EP 1782 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2002.805243 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 624ET UT WOS:000179747900018 ER PT J AU Hackett, DR Taylor, CD McLemore, DP Dogliani, H Walton, WA Leyendecker, AJ AF Hackett, DR Taylor, CD McLemore, DP Dogliani, H Walton, WA Leyendecker, AJ TI A transient array to increase the peak power delivered to a localized region in space: Part I - Theory and modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic transient; focused array; hot spot; linear array; propagation; pulsed antenna; transient array analysis ID PULSE RADIATION; OPTIMIZATION AB It is shown that an array of pulsed antennas (a transient array) can be used for providing a high concentration of electromagnetic energy into small regions. By controlling the timing of the pulses radiated from the individual elements, selected regions of space will see a coherent superposition of the radiated pulses forming "hot spots." The formation of "hot spots" is demonstrated by theoretical analysis. Using a highly damped sinusoid for the radiated pulse and dipole antenna elements, a contour plot of the peak electric field is determined for a linear array of six equally spaced sources. The impact of pulse-timing errors and the factors determining the size of the hot spot are also considered. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NISIT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ITT Syst, NE Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Hackett, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1743 EP 1750 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.808776 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 647PH UT WOS:000181101800015 ER PT J AU Rizki, MM Zmuda, MA Tamburino, LA AF Rizki, MM Zmuda, MA Tamburino, LA TI Evolving pattern recognition systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE classification; evolutionary computation; feature extraction; feature selection; high-range resolution (HRR) analysis; hybrid evolutionary algorithm; mathematical morphology; pattern recognition ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; CLASSIFICATION; DESIGN AB A hybrid evolutionary learning algorithm is presented that synthesizes a complete multiclass pattern recognition system. The approach uses a multifaceted representation that evolves layers of processing to perform feature extraction from raw input data, select cooperative sets of feature detectors, and assemble a linear classifier that uses the detectors' responses to label targets. The hybrid algorithm, Hybrid Evolutionary Learning for Pattern Recognition (HELPR) blends elements of evolutionary programming, genetic programming, and genetic algorithms to perform a search for an effective set of feature detectors. Individual detectors are represented as expressions composed of morphological and arithmetic operations. Starting with a few small random expressions, HELPR expands the number and complexity of the features to produce a recognition system that achieves high accuracy. Results are presented that demonstrate the performance of HELPR-generated recognition systems applied to the task of classification of high-range resolution radar signals. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Oxford, OH 45402 USA. AFRL, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizki, MM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-778X J9 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 6 IS 6 BP 594 EP 609 DI 10.1109/TEVC.2002.806167 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 626WV UT WOS:000179897600008 ER PT J AU Hunt, KK AF Hunt, KK TI 2002 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) - General chairman's comments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hunt, KK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2622 EP 2624 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805436 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800001 ER PT J AU White, BD Bataiev, M Brillson, LJ Choi, BK Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST Dettmer, RW Schaff, WJ Champlain, JG Mishra, UK AF White, BD Bataiev, M Brillson, LJ Choi, BK Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST Dettmer, RW Schaff, WJ Champlain, JG Mishra, UK TI Characterization of 1.8-MeV proton-irradiated AlGaN/GaN field-effect transistor structures by nanoscale depth-resolved luminescence spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE AlGaN; cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy; defect; displacement; GaN; heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET); high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); irradiation; modulation-doped FET (MODFET); nitride; proton ID GROWN N-GAN; RADIATION; DEFECTS; ENERGY; FILMS; INTERFACES; DAMAGE; HEMTS AB We have used depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy to examine AlGaN/GaN modulation-doped field-effect transistors that display degraded source-drain current characteristics after 1.8-MeV proton irradiation, along with bulk heterojunction field-effect transistor material after similar proton irradiation. For both cases, we have observed distinct changes in spectral emission features due to decreased internal electric-field strength and new point defects within different layers of the device structure with nanometer-scale depth resolution. These changes can account for the degraded electrical characteristics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP White, BD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013; OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701; Choi, Bo K./0000-0002-4984-5958 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2695 EP 2701 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805427 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800013 ER PT J AU Devine, RAB Tringe, JW Chavez, JR AF Devine, RAB Tringe, JW Chavez, JR TI Radiation-induced charge trapping in low-k silsesquioxane-based intermetal dielectric films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE low-k dielectric; radiation effects; silsesquioxane; thin film; X-ray AB Radiation-induced charge trapping has been studied in cured hydrogen silsesquioxane low dielectric constant films subjected to electric fields during the radiation process. Evidence is found for electric field-dependent negative charge trapping with a dose(0.47) variation. The possible origin of the negative charge trapping is discussed. C1 Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Devine, RAB (reprint author), Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2729 EP 2732 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805352 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800019 ER PT J AU Hu, XW Choi, BK Barnaby, HJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Galloway, KF Weller, RA McDonald, K Mishra, UK Dettmer, RW AF Hu, XW Choi, BK Barnaby, HJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Galloway, KF Weller, RA McDonald, K Mishra, UK Dettmer, RW TI Proton-induced degradation in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE displacement damage; GaAs; heterojunction bipolar transistors (UBTs); nonionizing energy loss (NIEL); proton radiation effects ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; TECHNOLOGIES; SIGEHBT AB The effects of 1.8-MeV and 105-MeV proton irradiation on AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are reported. For 1.8-MeV protons, the degradation of the transistors is caused by an increase in the base current and a large decrease in the collector current. The device degradation is much less after irradiation with 105-MeV protons, because of lower nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) in the sensitive region of the device. There is no improvement in device performance after three months of room temperature annealing. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, XW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013; OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701; Choi, Bo K./0000-0002-4984-5958 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3213 EP 3216 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805399 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800090 ER PT J AU Hutson, AL Niinomi, M Nicholas, T Eylon, D AF Hutson, AL Niinomi, M Nicholas, T Eylon, D TI Effect of various surface conditions on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; high cycle fatigue; titanium alloys; surface treatments; surface roughness ID COATINGS; ALLOY AB An experimental investigation was conducted to explore the fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V specimens in contact with varying pad surface conditions. Four conditions were selected: bare Ti-6Al-4V with a highly polished finish, bare Ti-6Al-4V that was low-stress ground and polished to RMS #8 (designated as 'as-received'), bare Ti-6Al-4V that was grit blasted to RMS #64 (designated as 'roughened') and stress relieved, and Cu-Ni plasma spray coated Ti-6Al-4V. Behavior against the Cu-Ni coated and as-received pads were characterized through determination of a fretting fatigue limit stress for a 10(7) cycle fatigue life. In addition, the behavior against all four-pad conditions was evaluated with S-N fatigue testing, and the integrity of the Cu-Ni coating over repeated testing was assessed and compared with behavior of specimens tested against the as-received and roughened pads. The coefficient of friction, mu, was evaluated to help identify possible crack nucleation mechanisms and the contact pad surfaces were characterized through hardness and surface profile measurements. An increase in fretting fatigue strength of 20-25% was observed for specimens tested against Cu-Ni coated pads as compared to those tested against as-received pads. The experimental results from the S-N tests indicate that surface roughness of the coated pad was primarily responsible for the increased fretting fatigue capability. Another factor was determined to be the coefficient of friction, mu, which was identified as similar to0.3 for the Cu-Ni coated pad against an as-received specimen and similar to0.7 for the bare as-received Ti-6Al-4V. Specimens tested against the polished Ti-6Al-4V pads also performed better than the specimens tested against as-received pads. Fretting wear was minimal for all cases, and the Cu-Ni coating remained intact throughout repeated tests. The rougher surfaces got smoother during cycling, while the smoother surfaces got rougher. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Struct Integrity Div, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hutson, AL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Struct Integrity Div, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Niinomi, Mitsuo/B-5965-2011 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1223 EP 1234 AR PII S0142-1123(02)00050-6 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(02)00050-6 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 601WM UT WOS:000178471800003 ER PT J AU Jin, O Mall, S AF Jin, O Mall, S TI Influence of contact configuration on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V under independent pad displacement condition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; contact mechanics; fretting wear; slip amplitude; titanium alloy ID CRACK INITIATION; STEEL; AMPLITUDE; PRESSURE AB Fretting fatigue tests were conducted, using cylindrical pad and flat pad with rounded edges, at various applied pad displacements and at two normal forces on the pad under a constant bulk stress amplitude condition. The evolution of tangential force was independent of the contact configuration at a given normal force. The ratio of the tangential force to normal force increased and stabilized to a certain value with increasing applied pad displacement. The minimum fretting fatigue life was observed at the relative slip range between 50 and 60 mum and it was independent of both contact configuration and applied normal force. With increase in the applied pad displacement the response of the tangential force (Q) and the relative slip (delta) showed different fretting conditions, i.e. stick, stick-slip and gross slip. The gross slip condition was characterized by rectangular shape of the Q-delta curve with or without monotonically increasing value of Q with increasing fretting fatigue cycles. Surface profile on the fretting scar was affected by the contact configurations. For cylinder-on-flat contact, the profile showed surface damage (e.g. material loss or wear) along the entire contact area. However, the fretting damage in flat-on-flat (with rounded edges) contact was concentrated on the edge, not affecting much of the flat portion of the fretting scar. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1243 EP 1253 AR PII S0142-1123(02)00041-5 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(02)00041-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 601WM UT WOS:000178471800005 ER PT J AU Niemtzow, RC AF Niemtzow, RC TI Great revolutionary leaders of alternative medicine: A fascinating journey back in time SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Ctr Med, Andrews Air Force Base, Washington, DC USA. RP Niemtzow, RC (reprint author), 9800 Cherry Hill Rd, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1089/10755530260511702 PG 4 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 640VX UT WOS:000180709600004 PM 12614523 ER PT J AU Berg, GE AF Berg, GE TI Last meals: Recovering abdominal contents from skeletonized remains SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE palaeodiet; palaeoethnobotany; abdominal contents; palynology ID PREHISTORIC DIET; SUBSISTENCE AB Excavation and analysis of human remains is becoming a polarized field in anthropology; it is therefore necessary to consider alternate avenues of data collection from these features to maximize their potential. The analysis of abdominal soils for digestive tract contents is consistently overlooked in research designs. Two previous studies have attempted to recover abdominal contents through systematic sampling methods using multiple inhumations and two others have recovered colon contents in isolated instances. This research briefly familiarizes the reader with current state of investigation, and then proposes and tests a different method to recover abdominal contents in skeletonized inhumations. Using this method, more than 70% of the sampled inhumations yielded data on ingested botanical products. Though recovered, faunal remains were rare. The implications of recovery, some interpretations for each population, and avenues of future research are considered. RP Berg, GE (reprint author), 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1349 EP 1365 DI 10.1006/jasc.2001.0796 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 597GU UT WOS:000178214500001 ER PT J AU Van Valkenburg, ME Annable, MD AF Van Valkenburg, ME Annable, MD TI Mobilization and entry of DNAPL pools into finer sand media by cosolvents: two-dimensional chamber studies SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; sand media; cosolvent ID POROUS-MEDIA; SOLVENT; SOILS AB Two-dimensional chamber studies were conducted to determine qualitative and quantitative performance of cosolvents targeted at pooled dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) (perchlorethylene, PCE) residing above a fine-grain capillary barrier. Downward mobilization of DNAPL, up gradient along an overriding cosolvent front, was observed. This produced significant pooling above a fine-grain layer that in some cases lead to entry into the capillary barrier beneath. Entry pressure calculations using physical and hydrogeologic parameters provided an excellent prediction of breakthrough of DNAPL into the capillary barrier. Calculations predict approximately 0.5 m of DNAPL would be necessary to enter a Beit Netofa clay, under extreme cosolvent flooding conditions (100% ethanol). Gradient injection of cosolvent did not appear to provide any benefit suggesting a rapid decrease in interfacial tension (IFT) compared to the rate of DNAPL solubilization. Use of a partitioning alcohol (tertiary butyl alcohol, TBA) resulted in DNAPL swelling and reduced entry into the capillary barrier. However, the trapping of flushing solution, containing PCE, could potentially lead to longer remediation times. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Van Valkenburg, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 230 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00058-X DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00058-X PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 616PW UT WOS:000179313000003 PM 12487414 ER PT J AU Bowman, KB Mollenhauer, DH AF Bowman, KB Mollenhauer, DH TI Experimental investigation of residual stresses in layered materials using moire interferometry SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International IEEE-CPMT/IMAPS-UK Workshop on Polymeric Materials for Microelectronics and Photonics Applications (Poly 2000) CY DEC 04-05, 2000 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP IEEE CPMT, IMAPS UK, SPIE, SPE, MRS, ASME ID COMPOSITE AB As two dissimilar materials are bonded or cocured at elevated temperatures, residual stresses result upon cooling the layered material system to room temperature. It is well known, that the free edges of composite laminates experience interlaminar stresses during applied mechanical or thermal loading. These stresses are significant and must be understood. Current experimental methods are not capable of determining the residual stresses along free edges where failure is likely to initiate. This paper describes the initial findings of a novel experimental technique that uses moire interferometry and material removal to determine the residual stress distribution resulting from elevated temperature processing at the free edges of layered materials. RP Bowman, KB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1115/1.1497627 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628TP UT WOS:000180012900006 ER PT J AU Visbal, MR Rizzetta, DP AF Visbal, MR Rizzetta, DP TI Large-eddy simulation on curvilinear grids using compact differencing and filtering schemes SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SUBGRID-SCALE MODEL; TURBULENT FLOWS; EQUATIONS AB This work investigates the application of a high-order finite difference method for compressible large-eddy simulations on stretched, curvilinear and dynamic meshes. The solver utilizes 4th and 6th-order compact-differencing schemes for the spatial discretization, coupled with both explicit and implicit time-marching methods. Up to 10th order Pade-type low-pass spatial filter operators are also incorporated to eliminate the spurious high-frequency modes which inevitably arise due to the lack of inherent dissipation in the spatial scheme. The solution procedure is evaluated for the case of decaying compressible isotropic turbulence and turbulent channel flow. The compact/filtering approach is found to be superior to standard second and fourth-order centered, as well as third-order upwind-biased approximations. For the case of isotropic turbulence, better results are obtained with the compact/filtering method (without an added subgrid-scale model) than with the constant-coefficient and dynamic Smagorinsky models. This is attributed to the fact that the SGS models, unlike the optimized low-pass filter exert dissipation over a wide range of wave numbers including on some of the resolved scales. For channel flow simulations on coarse meshes, the compact/filtering and dynamic models provide similar results, with no clear advantage achieved by incorporating the SGS model. However additional computations at higher Reynolds numbers must be considered in order to further evaluate this issue. The accuracy and efficiency of the implicit time-marching method relative to the explicit approach are also evaluated. It is shown that a second-order iterative implicit scheme represents an effective choice for large-eddy simulation of compressible wall-bounded flows. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 46 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 836 EP 847 DI 10.1115/1.1517564 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628UF UT WOS:000180014400004 ER PT J AU Constantinescu, GS Pasinato, H Wang, YQ Forsythe, JR Squires, KD AF Constantinescu, GS Pasinato, H Wang, YQ Forsythe, JR Squires, KD TI Numerical investigation of flow past a prolate spheroid SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA SP AIAA ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; SEPARATION; CYLINDER; MODELS AB The flowfield around a 6:1 prolate spheroid at angle of attack is predicted using solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and detached-eddy simulation (DES). The calculations were performed at a Reynolds number of 4.2 X 10(6), the flow is tripped at x/L = 0.2, and the angle of attack a is varied from 10 to 20 deg. RANS calculations are performed using the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model. The influence of corrections to the Spalart-Allmaras model accounting for streamline curvature and a nonlinear constitutive relation are also considered. DES predictions are evaluated against expert. mental measurements, RANS results, as well as calculations performed without an explicit turbulence model. In general, flowfield predictions of the mean properties from the RANS and DES are similar. Predictions of the axial pressure distribution along the symmetry plane agree well with measured values for 10 deg angle of attack. Changes in the separation characteristics in the aft region alter the axial pressure gradient as the angle of attack increases to 20 deg. With downstream evolution, the wall-flow turning angle becomes more positive, an effect also predicted by the models though the peak-to-peak variation is less than that measured. Azimuthal skin friction variations show the same general trend as the measurements, with a weak minima identifying separation. Corrections for streamline curvature improve prediction of the pressure coefficient in the separated region on the leeward side of the spheroid. While initiated further along the spheroid compared to experimental measurements, predictions of primary and secondary separation agree reasonably well with measured values. Calculations without an explicit turbulence model predict pressure and skin-friction distributions in substantial disagreement with measurements. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Intergrated Turbulence Simulat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Constantinescu, GS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Intergrated Turbulence Simulat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI constantinescu, george/A-8896-2008 OI constantinescu, george/0000-0001-7060-8378 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 904 EP 910 DI 10.1115/1.1517571 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628UF UT WOS:000180014400011 ER PT J AU Forsythe, JR Hoffmann, KA Cummings, RM Squires, KD AF Forsythe, JR Hoffmann, KA Cummings, RM Squires, KD TI Detached-eddy simulation with compressibility corrections applied to a supersonic axisymmetric base flow SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA SP AIAA ID CYLINDRICAL AFTERBODY; TURBULENCE MODELS; COMPUTATION; LAYERS; WAKE AB Detached-eddy simulation is applied to an axisymmetric base flow at supersonic conditions. Detached-eddy simulation is a hybrid approach to modeling turbulence that combines the best features of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large-eddy simulation approaches. In the Reynolds-averaged mode, the model is currently based on either the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model or Menter's shear stress transport model; in the large-eddy simulation mode, it is based on the Smagorinski subgrid scale model. The intended application of detached-eddy simulation is the treatment of massively separated, high-Reynolds number flows over complex configurations (entire aircraft, automobiles, etc.). Because of the intented future application of the methods to complex configurations, Cobalt, an unstructured grid Navier-Stokes solver, is used. The current work incorporates compressible shear layer corrections in both the Spalart-Allmaras and shear stress transport-based detached-eddy simulation models. The effect of these corrections on both detached-eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models is examined, and comparisons are made to the experiments of Herrin and Dutton. Solutions are obtained on several grids-both structured and unstructured-to test the sensitivity of the models and code to grid refinement and grid type. The results show that predictions of base flows using detached-eddy simulation coin are very well with available experimental data, including turbulence quantities in the wake of the axisymmetric body. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Aerosp Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Forsythe, JR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 53 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 911 EP 923 DI 10.1115/1.1517572 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628UF UT WOS:000180014400012 ER PT J AU Morton, S Forsythe, J Mitchell, A Hajek, D AF Morton, S Forsythe, J Mitchell, A Hajek, D TI Detached-eddy simulations and reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of delta wing vortical flowfields SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA SP AIAA ID VORTEX BREAKDOWN AB An understanding of vortical structures and vortex breakdown is essential for the development of highly maneuverable vehicles and high angle of attack flight. This is primarily due to the physical limits these phenomena impose on aircraft and missiles at extreme flight conditions. Demands for more maneuverable air vehicles have pushed the limits of current CFD methods in the high Reynolds number regime. Simulation methods must be able to accurately describe the unsteady, vortical flowfields associated with fighter aircraft at Reynolds numbers more representative of full-scale vehicles. It is the goal of this paper to demonstrate the ability of detached-eddy Simulation (DES), a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)/large-eddy Simulation (LES) Method, to accurately predict vortex breakdown at Reynolds numbers above 1 X 10(6), Detailed experiments performed at Onera are used to compare simulations utilizing both RANS and DES turbulence models. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Morton, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 924 EP 932 DI 10.1115/1.1517570 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628UF UT WOS:000180014400013 ER PT J AU Davis, CH Mathias, LJ Gilman, JW Schiraldi, DA Shields, JR Trulove, P Sutto, TE Delong, HC AF Davis, CH Mathias, LJ Gilman, JW Schiraldi, DA Shields, JR Trulove, P Sutto, TE Delong, HC TI Effects of melt-processing conditions on the quality of poly(ethylene terephthalate) montmorillonite clay nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Physical-Society CY MAR, 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Phys Soc DE imidazolium; melt intercalation; nanocomposites; polyesters; clay; TEM ID LAYERED SILICATES AB Organically modified montmorillonite was synthesized with a novel 1,2-dimethyl-3-N-alkyl imidazolium salt or a typical quaternary ammonium salt as a control. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were compounded via melt-blending in a corotating mini twin-screw extruder operating at 285 degreesC. The nanocomposites were characterized with thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the extent of intercalation and/or exfoliation present in the system. Nanocomposites produced with N,N-dimethyl-N,N-dioctadecylammonium treated montmorillonite (DMDODA-MMT), which has a decomposition temperature of 250 degreesC, were black, brittle, and tarlike resulting from DMDODA degradation under the processing conditions. Nanocomposites compounded with 1,2-dimethyl-3-N-hexadecyl imidazolium treated MMT, which has a decomposition temperature of 350 degreesC, showed high levels of dispersion and delamination. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymer Sci & Engn, Hattiesburg, MS 39401 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Davis, CH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 198 Z9 203 U1 2 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 23 BP 2661 EP 2666 DI 10.1002/polb.10331 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 613UF UT WOS:000179149300007 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR AF Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR TI Prospective evaluation of perceived control, predictability, and anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE anxiety; control; predictability; panic ID 35-PERCENT CO2 CHALLENGE; DIOXIDE-ENRICHED AIR; NONCLINICAL SUBJECTS; TRAIT ANXIETY; ATTACKS; DISORDER; HYPERVENTILATION; PERSPECTIVE; INVENTORY; FEAR AB Increasing evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) may be a premorbid risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology. Perceived control and predictability have also been implicated as factors relevant to the genesis of anxiety. The principal aim of this study was to extend this work to examine independent and interactive effects of perceived control, predictability, and AS in the pathogenesis of panic. A large nonclinical sample of young adults (N = 1296) was prospectively followed over a 5-week highly stressful period of time (i.e., military basic training). Perceived control and predictability did not independently predict panic. However, there was evidence suggesting that AS interacted with perceived control such that high perceived control regarding basic training was protective against panic for individuals with high AS. Similarly, high perceived predictability during basic training reduced anxiety symptoms for individuals with high AS. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Dept Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Schmidt, NB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, 245 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-2689 J9 J PSYCHOPATHOL BEHAV JI J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1023/A:1020795114296 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 606YQ UT WOS:000178764000001 ER PT J AU Hankins, GDV Snyder, R Dinh, T Van Hook, J Clark, S Vandelan, A AF Hankins, GDV Snyder, R Dinh, T Van Hook, J Clark, S Vandelan, A TI Documentation of amniotic fluid embolism via lung histopathology - Fact or fiction? SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE embolism, amniotic fluid; lung; meconium AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pulmonary histopathology for confirming amniotic fluid embolism. STUDY DESIGN: The Capra hircus (goat) model with fresh, homologous amniotic fluid was used. Raw fluid (n = 8), fluid filtered through a 5-mum filter (n = 14) and meconium-stained fluid with 1-7% solid debris (n = 7) were injected. Three hours after embolization the animals were euthanized and specimens collected. Three to five areas of lung were sampled based on the most abnormal areas visually. Traditional and special stains were utilized. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board and animal use and care committee. Statistical analysis was by chi(2) with Yates correction. Significance was defined as P < .05. RESULTS: Amniotic fluid debris (fetal squames, mucin or foreign pigments) was found in 10 of 29 animals (34.5%). Debris was found in 7/7 (100%) of the meconium group, 2/8 (25%) of the raw fluid group and 1/14 of the filtered group (7%). The likelihood of finding debris in amniotic fluid embolism with meconium-stained fluid was greater than with raw (P < .017) or filtered amniotic fluid (P < .001). CONCLUSION: In this animal model, histopathologic confirmation of amniotic fluid embolism was an unreliable marker of the event except in cases of amniotic fluid embolism involving meconium-stained fluid. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Hankins, GDV (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1021 EP 1024 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 631DW UT WOS:000180153300005 PM 12516321 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI Within-ear and across-ear interference in a cocktail-party listening task SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPEECH-INTELLIGIBILITY; SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; SPATIAL SEPARATION; NORMAL-HEARING; MASKING; RECOGNITION; NOISE; IDENTIFICATION; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION AB Although many researchers have shown that listeners are able to selectively attend to a target speech signal when a masking talker is present in the same ear as the target speech or when a masking talker is present in a different ear than the target speech, little is known about selective auditory attention in tasks with a target talker in one ear and independent masking talkers in both ears at the same time. In this series of experiments, listeners were asked to respond to a target speech signal spoken by one of two competing talkers in their right (target) ear while ignoring a simultaneous masking sound in their left (unattended) ear. When the masking sound in the unattended ear was noise, listeners were able to segregate the competing talkers in the target ear nearly as well as they could with no sound in the unattended ear. When the masking sound in the unattended ear was speech, however, speech segregation in the target ear was substantially worse than with no sound in the unattended ear. When the masking sound in the unattended ear was time-reversed, speech, speech segregation was degraded only when the target speech was presented at a lower level than the masking speech in the target ear. These results show that within-ear and across-ear speech segregation are closely related processes that cannot be performed simultaneously when the interfering sound in the unattended ear is qualitatively similar to speech. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veridian, Dayton, OH USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2985 EP 2995 DI 10.1121/1.1512703 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 625PM UT WOS:000179824900048 PM 12509020 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW AF Roberts, HW TI The effect of electrical dental equipment on a vagus nerve stimulator's function SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MEDICALLY REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; INTRACTABLE SEIZURES; RESISTANT DEPRESSION; CHILDREN; THERAPY; EFFICACY; TRIAL AB Background. Dental patients who have epilepsy with pharmacologically refractory seizures may be treated with an implanted pulse generator that electrically stimulates the left vagus nerve. The pulse generator functions like a cardiac pacemaker. Some electrical dental devices have been shown to cause electromagnetic interference with the function of cardiac pacemakers. The potential effect of similar dental equipment on vagus nerve stimulators is unknown. Methods. Common electrical dental devices were operated at maximum power settings in close proximity to a representative vagus nerve stimulator. The author assessed any interference of the dental devices with the nerve stimulator function by observing oscilloscope tracings. Results. Under the conditions of this evaluation, none of the dental devices tested altered the function of the vagus nerve stimulator. Conclusions. Some commonly used electrical dental devices may be used in close proximity to patients who have implanted vagus nerve stimulators without adverse effects on the nerve stimulator function. Clinical Implications. Dentists and dental hygienists may encounter patients with implanted vagus nerve stimulators, and they need to be cognizant of developments in the treatment of epilepsy. Under the conditions of this study, use of common dental electrical devices did not alter the function of a vagus nerve stimulator. The findings of this study, however, should not be generalized to all types of electrical dental or medical devices, as a recent report indicates that treatment with diathermy devices is contraindicated for patients with implanted nerve stimulators. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), USAF, Dent Invest Serv, 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1657 EP 1664 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 652ZD UT WOS:000181410000019 PM 12512666 ER PT J AU Jefferson, G Haritos, GK McMeeking, RM AF Jefferson, G Haritos, GK McMeeking, RM TI The elastic response of a cohesive aggregate - a discrete element model with coupled particle interaction SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE ceramic material; porous material; granular material; elastic material; discrete elements ID POWDER COMPACTS; SPHERES; MODULI; BEHAVIOR; PACKING AB A model is presented for the deformation of a cohesive aggregate of elastic particles that incorporates two important effects of large-sized inter-particle junctions. A finite element model is used to derive a particle response rule, for both normal and tangential relative deformations between pairs of particles. This model agrees with the Hertzian contact theory for small junctions, and is valid for junctions as large as half the nominal particle size. Further, the aggregate model uses elastic superposition to account for the coupled force-displacement response due to the simultaneous displacement of all of the neighbors of each particle in the aggregate. A particle stiffness matrix is developed, relating the forces at each junction to the three displacement degrees of freedom at all of the neighboring-particle junctions: The particle response satisfies force and moment equilibrium, so that the model is properly posed to allow for rigid rotation of the particle without introducing rotational degrees of freedom. A computer-simulated sintering algorithm is used to generate a random particle packing, and the stiffness matrix is derived for each particle. The effective elastic response is then estimated using a mean field or affine displacement calculation, and is also found exactly by a discrete element model, solving for the equilibrium response of the aggregate to uniform-strain boundary conditions. Both the estimate and the exact solution compare favorably with experimental data for the bulk modulus of sintered alumina, whereas Hertzian contact-based models underestimate the modulus significantly. Poisson's ratio is, however, accurately determined only by the full equilibrium discrete element solution, and shown to depend significantly on whether or not rigid particle rotation is permitted in the model. Moreover, this discrete element model is sufficiently robust, so it can be applied to problems involving non-homogeneous deformations in such cohesive aggregates. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McMeeking, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM rmcm@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2539 EP 2575 AR PII S0022-5096(02)00051-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(02)00051-0 PG 37 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 609EY UT WOS:000178891700002 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Chandra, S Shepherd, CK Brandelik, DM Siwecki, SA Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, RL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Chandra, S Shepherd, CK Brandelik, DM Siwecki, SA Bunning, TJ TI Polarization and switching properties of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal gratings. II. Experimental investigations SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; BRAGG GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION; DISPLAYS AB We have performed a detailed study of the polarization properties and switching behavior of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal gratings. A theoretical model [R. L. Sutherland, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2995 (2002)] is compared with a number of observed phenomena in reflection and transmission gratings made with different types of liquid crystals under a variety of experimental conditions. Anomalous polarization effects are described and interpreted. We show that a wide variation of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal grating properties can be explained in terms of the statistics of droplet orientational. distributions. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3004 EP 3012 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.003004 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 625PN UT WOS:000179825000020 ER PT J AU Ortegon, DP Davis, MR Dixon, PS Smith, DL Josephs, JD Mueller, DL Jenkins, DH Kerby, JD AF Ortegon, DP Davis, MR Dixon, PS Smith, DL Josephs, JD Mueller, DL Jenkins, DH Kerby, JD TI The polymerized bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOC-201) is not toxic to neural cells in culture SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE HBOC-201; hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier; oxygen therapeutic; hemoglobin; neurotoxicity; neural cell culture ID CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; CEREBRAL PERFUSION-PRESSURE; SECONDARY BRAIN INJURY; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS; BLOOD-FLOW; PROLIFERATION; SYSTEM; NEUROTOXICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background. Recent data suggest that a neurotoxic effect of blood or its components may contribute to secondary neural cell dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of HBOC-201 (Hemopure) and purified human hemoglobin (hHgb) on rat fetal neural cell culture. Methods. Neural cell cultures were exposed to HBOC-201 and hHgb (0.02, 0.2, 2.0, and 6.5 g/dL) for 24 hours, and then analyzed for proliferation, metabolism, and neurolysis. Results. Cultures exposed to HBOC-201 maintained levels of proliferation and metabolism similar to controls while demonstrating no cellular lysis. However, cultures exposed to hHgb demonstrated decreased proliferation after exposure to 0.2, 2.0, and 6.5 g/dL hHgb (14,252.14, 3,221.89, and 343.12 vs. 19,509.53; p < 0.05) when compared with controls. In addition, cultures exposed to hHgb demonstrated decreased metabolic activity and increased cell lysis when compared with controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Cultures exposed to HBOC-201 displayed sustained metabolic activity and proliferation, and demonstrated no neurolysis, suggesting that HBOC-201 does not display the toxic characteristics of hHgb. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Surg Res Serv, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. 59th Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Ortegon, DP (reprint author), 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1072 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000035094.67312.95 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 625NT UT WOS:000179823100009 PM 12478030 ER PT J AU Arnholt, JL Mair, EA AF Arnholt, JL Mair, EA TI A 'third hand' for endoscopic skull base surgery SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Southern-Section of the Triological-Society CY JAN 10-12, 2002 CL CAPTIVA ISL, FLORIDA SP Triol Soc, SO Sect ID PITUITARY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD DEC PY 2002 VL 112 IS 12 BP 2244 EP 2249 DI 10.1097/00005537-200212000-00021 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 624JE UT WOS:000179755900021 PM 12461348 ER PT J AU Mullins, WM Crane, RL AF Mullins, WM Crane, RL TI Modeling and quantification of corroded surfaces SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE corrosion; probability of failure; aerospace maintenance; life prediction; aging aircraft AB An overall framework for incorporation of corrosion models into probability of failure models for the system is outlined. The approach uses the results of stochastic kinetic models for corrosion evolution to determine the morphology of the affected region. From this morphology, associated local stresses are calculated. This distribution of local stresses is then used with classical fatigue models to predict system probability of failure. As such, corrosion can then be considered as a generalized damage with a quantifiable damage parameter and a relationship between this parameter and the measurable physical properties of the affected regions. C1 USA, Res Off, Mat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mullins, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Mat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1452 EP 1458 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 622JB UT WOS:000179643000008 ER PT J AU Seetharaman, V Semiatin, SL AF Seetharaman, V Semiatin, SL TI Effect of the lamellar grain size on plastic flow behavior and microstructure evolution during hot working of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; CREEP RESISTANCE; DEFORMATION; WORKABILITY; RECRYSTALLIZATION; STABILITY AB The kinetics of dynamic spheroidization of the lamellar microstructure and the associated flow-softening behavior during isothermal, constant-strain-rate deformation of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy were investigated, with special emphasis on the role of the prior-alpha grain/colony size. For this purpose, fully lamellar microstructures with prior-alpha grain sizes between 80 and 900,e cm were developed in a Ti-45.5A1-2Nb-2Cr alloy using a special forging and heat-treatment schedule. Isothermal hot compression tests were conducted at 1093 degreesC and strain rates of 0.001, 0.1, and 1.0 s(-1) on specimens with different grain sizes. The flow curves from these tests showed a very strong dependence of peak flow stress and flow-softening rate on grain size; both parameters increased with alpha grain/colony size. Microstructures of the upset test specimens revealed the presence of fine, equiaxed grains of gamma + alpha(2) + beta phases resulting from the dynamic spheroidization process that initiated at and proceeded inward from the prior-alpha grain/colony boundaries. The grain interiors displayed evidence of microkinking of the lamellae. The frequency and severity of kinking increased with strain, but were also strongly dependent on the local orientation of lamellae with respect to the compression axis. The kinetics of dynamic spheroidization were found to increase as the strain rate decreased for a given alpha grain size and to decrease with increasing alpha grain size at a given strain rate. The breakdown of the lamellar structure during hot deformation occurred through a combination of events, including shear localization along grain/colony boundaries, microbuckling of the lamellae, and the formation of equiaxed particles of gamma + beta(2) + alpha(2) on grain/colony boundaries and in zones of localized high deformation within the inicrobttckled regions. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seetharaman, V (reprint author), Pratt & Whitney, Mat & Proc Engn, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM venkat.seetharaman@pw.utc.com RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 12 BP 3817 EP 3830 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0254-7 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 632CP UT WOS:000180206400021 ER PT J AU Price, SD AF Price, SD TI Infrared observations of asteroids from space: The past and future SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Physical Properties of Potential Earth Impactors CY JUN 17, 2001 CL ERICE, ITALY ID MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; THERMAL PHYSICS; 2 PALLAS; ISO; STANDARD; SYSTEM; MODEL; PROGRAM AB Infrared observations from space have large sensitivity and total instantaneous field of view advantages over ground-based measurements. The limits to telescope performance from thermal emission from the atmosphere and sky noise are eliminated in space and the instrument can be cooled to temperatures where the photon noise from the zodiacal background provides the fundamental limit to the sensitivity of the system. Furthermore, the entire thermal infrared spectral range is available; the atmospheric is virtually opaque at the wavelengths of molecular absorption bands from water vapor and CO2 to ground-based observations. Space-based infrared radiometry from the experiments described in this article supplied the basis for the largest, consistent set of derived diameters and albedos of asteroids. Radiometry over a large spectral range and a large span of phase angles provides essential information of the detailed thermal properties of a body. Infrared measurements resolve the ambiguity of whether a visual observation is of a small highly reflective object or a large dark one. Infrared spectroscopy obtained by the previous space-based experiments, and the spectral capability of two infrared missions to be flown within the next several years, is a powerful remote sensing tool to assay the mineralogy of a surface. A description is given of what knowledge has been and will be gained from past and future infrared missions on the physical characteristics of asteroids. Why the database derived from previous satellites remains the major source of new radiometric measurements is explained and the benefits to be had from a space-based infrared spectrometer/photometer dedicated to studying small bodies in the solar system presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1909 EP 1917 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633FT UT WOS:000180272400018 ER PT J AU Hall, SD Herbold, J England, EC AF Hall, SD Herbold, J England, EC TI Food for thought: The use of hazard and critical control point analysis to assess vulnerability of food to terrorist attack in deployment locations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-WARFARE; CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK; FUTURE; PAST AB As part of a screening study, a literature review, personal interviews, and field work at several deployment locations, we examined the historical use of biological warfare agents and the vulnerability of food at military deployment locations to bioterrorist attack. The results of our experience suggest the following: historically, food has occasionally been used as a weapon by individuals; a benchmark procedure already exists to evaluate and ensure the safety of foods procured and used by the U.S. federal government, and food sources at the deployment locations examined are vulnerable to terrorist attack as determined by a critical control point analysis. Recommendations to potentially decrease the vulnerability of the U.S. military food supply to intentional contamination are also provided. C1 Off Publ Hlth, SGPM, AMDS 375, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65402 USA. RP Hall, SD (reprint author), Off Publ Hlth, Aerosp Med Squadron 74, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 167 IS 12 BP 1006 EP 1011 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EF UT WOS:000181421700010 PM 12502176 ER PT J AU Retzlaff, PD King, RE Callister, JD Orme, DR Marsh, RW AF Retzlaff, PD King, RE Callister, JD Orme, DR Marsh, RW TI The Armstrong Laboratory Aviation Personality Survey: Development, norming, and validation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL MULTIAXIAL INVENTORY; FORCE PILOT PERSONALITY; RIGHT STUFF AB This work describes the development of a new psychological test for aviators. The Armstrong Laboratory Aviation Personality Survey was developed through the integration of clinical theory, psychometric methods, and empirical testing. It is currently given to all incoming U.S. Air Force pilot candidates. Using a sample of 6,047 student pilots, a thorough test development plan was accomplished. The 15 final test scales assess personality, psychopathology, and crew interaction styles. The scales have normative data and are demonstrated to be reliable and valid. The Armstrong Laboratory Aviation Personality Survey is recommended for use in the aviation community for both clinical and research purposes. Future research is recommended and needed in the areas of training, airframe, and special duty selection. Additional clinical work is indicated in the areas of psychiatric, psychological, and aeromedical evaluations. C1 Univ No Colorado, Dept Psychol, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. USAF, Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43433 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Retzlaff, PD (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Dept Psychol, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 13 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 167 IS 12 BP 1026 EP 1032 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EF UT WOS:000181421700014 PM 12502179 ER PT J AU Bohn, MJ Diels, JC AF Bohn, MJ Diels, JC TI Optimizing the frequency in dithered laser gyroscopes SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RING-LASER; GYRO AB The dither frequency in a null-biased laser gyroscope is explored both analytically and experimentally. The agreement between theory and experiment is excellent and an optimum range for the dither frequency is derived. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. AFTAC TA, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Diels, JC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 213 IS 4-6 BP 331 EP 337 AR PII S0030-4018(02)02044-8 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)02044-8 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 620FM UT WOS:000179523400017 ER PT J AU Bents, RT AF Bents, RT TI Ilioinguinal neuralgia following anterior iliac crest bone harvesting SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Bents, RT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Grp 10, 4102 Pin Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1389 EP 1390 PG 2 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 625NM UT WOS:000179822600016 PM 12502203 ER PT J AU Goins, RA Ascher, D Waecker, N Arnold, J Moorefield, E AF Goins, RA Ascher, D Waecker, N Arnold, J Moorefield, E TI Comparison of fluconazole and nystatin oral suspensions for treatment of oral candidiasis in infants SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infant; thrush; fluconazole ID OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS; MULTICENTER; CANDIDOSIS AB Oral thrush is a common condition in young infants. Nystatin treatment is associated with frequent recurrences and difficulty in administration. Fluconazole was compared with nystatin for the treatment of oral candidiasis in infants. Thirty-four infants were randomized to either nystatin oral suspension four times a day for 10 days or fluconazole suspension 3 mg/kg in a single daily dose for 7 days. Clinical cures for nystatin were 6 of 19 (32%), and those for fluconazole were 15 of 15 (100%), P < 0.0001. In this small pilot study fluconazole was shown to be superior to nystatin suspension for the treatment of oral thrush in otherwise healthy infants. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Goins, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1165 EP 1167 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000041820.25265.aa PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 627LG UT WOS:000179934200015 PM 12506950 ER PT J AU Tallarigo, R AF Tallarigo, R TI Best practices in organization development and change. SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Def Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Tallarigo, R (reprint author), Def Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick AFB, FL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY INC PI BOWLING GREEN PA 745 HASKINS ROAD, SUITE A, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 USA SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1035 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 628CV UT WOS:000179975600017 ER PT J AU Lowell, JR Northup, T Patterson, BM Takekoshi, T Knize, RJ AF Lowell, JR Northup, T Patterson, BM Takekoshi, T Knize, RJ TI Measurement of the photoionization cross section of the 5S(1/2) state of rubidium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; NEAR-THRESHOLD; TRAPPED ATOMS; RB; CESIUM; CS AB We report the measurement of the photoionization cross section for the 5S(1/2) state of rubidium, using atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. A single-photon rate at lambda = 266 nm was found by Monitoring the decay of trap fluorescence after exposure to ionizing radiation from a quadrupled Nd:YVO4 laser. In order to eliminate excited-state ionization, the photoionization and trapping lasers were alternately chopped, so that only ground-state atoms were ionized. We determine that the photoionization cross section at lambda = 266 nm is sigma = 1.7(2) x 10(-20) cm(2). C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lowell, JR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 062704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.062704 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 639YA UT WOS:000180656800056 ER PT J AU Basu, B AF Basu, B TI Moment equation description of Weibel instability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS AB A macroscopic description of the linear Weibel instability, based on a closed set of linear moment equations, is presented. The moment equations are derived from the linearized Vlasov equation by taking the appropriate velocity moments of it and the closure is achieved by means of an assumption, which is justified when the temperature anisotropy is strong. The macroscopic description is manifestly more informative of the physical mechanism of the instability than the kinetic description. It is hoped that the researchers will find such a description analytically more convenient to use in solving plasma physics problems where Weibel instability due to strong temperature anisotropy plays a role. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5131 EP 5134 DI 10.1063/1.1521716 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700036 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Lim, MY Oh, K Kim, YG Lee, HB Park, SY Farmer, BL AF Lee, JC Lim, MY Oh, K Kim, YG Lee, HB Park, SY Farmer, BL TI Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of poly(oxyethylene)s containing alkylsulfonylmethyl or alkylthiomethyl side groups SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE liquid crystalline polymer; side chain crystallization; poly(oxyethylene) ID RIGID ROD POLYMERS; COMB-LIKE POLYMERS; CHAIN CRYSTALLIZATION; SURFACTANT SYSTEMS; LAYERED MESOPHASE; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLYESTERS; STATE; HOMOPOLYMERS; TRANSITIONS AB (n-Hexadecylsulfonyl)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (16SP), (n-hexadecylthio)methyl-substituted poly (oxyethylene) (16TP), [(6-n-nonyl sulfonyl)hexylthiol methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (9S6TP), and [(6-n-nonyisulfonyl)hexylsulfonyllmethyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (9S6SP) were synthesized. 9S6SP and 16SP containing sulfonylmethyl side groups showed highly ordered smectic layer structures at room temperature and liquid crystalline behavior at higher temperatures, while 9S6TP and 16TP containing thiomethyl side groups did not show any liquid crystalline behavior. The ordered phases of the polymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, cross-polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The unusual liquid crystallinity of 16SP and 9S6SP was ascribed to the amphiphilic character of these polymers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM jongchan@snu.ac.kr NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 IS 25 BP 7051 EP 7061 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00626-2 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00626-2 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 612LA UT WOS:000179075700046 ER PT J AU LaPuma, PT Rhodes, BS AF LaPuma, PT Rhodes, BS TI Chromate content versus particle size for aircraft paints SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chromate; chromium; paint; primer; particle size; impactor; air permit; OSHA; aircraft; Clean Air Act ID WORKERS; DEPOSITION; HEXAVALENT; MORTALITY; CHROMIUM; CANCER AB Many industries rely on the corrosion inhibiting properties of chromate-containing primer paints to protect metal from oxidation. However, chromate contains hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), a known human carcinogen. The concentration of Cr6+ as a function of paint particle size has important implications to worker health and environmental release from paint facilities. This research examines Cr6+ content as a function of particle size for three types of aircraft primer paints: solvent-based epoxy-polyamide, water-based epoxy-polyamide, and solvent-based polyurethane. Cascade impactors were used to collect and separate paint particles based on their aerodynamic diameter, from 0.7 to 34.1 mum. The mass of the dry paint collected at each stage was determined and an atomic absorption spectrometer was used to analyze for Cr6+ content. For all three paints, particles less than 7.0 mum contained disproportionately less Cr6+ per mass of dry paint than larger particles, and the Cr6+ concentration decreased substantially as particle size decreased. The smallest particles, 0.7 to 1.0 mum, contained approximately 10% of the Cr6+ content, per mass of dry paint, compared to particles larger than 7.0 mum. The paint gun settings of air to paint ratio was found to have no influence on the Cr6+ bias. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LaPuma, PT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1006/rtph.2002.1587 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 622BR UT WOS:000179627100010 PM 12473416 ER PT J AU LaPuma, PT Schilke, RA Kauth, DA Morgan, TJR AF LaPuma, PT Schilke, RA Kauth, DA Morgan, TJR TI Chromate dissociation from three types of paint particles SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMIUM; DEPOSITION; WORKERS; CANCER; LUNG; HEXAVALENT; CLEARANCE; MORTALITY AB Chromate-containing primer paints are used to inhibit corrosion on metal surfaces. Though chromate contains hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), a human carcinogen, there is little epidemiological evidence of increased lung cancer among spray painters. One reason may be that the paint matrix hinders the release of Cr6+ from the paint particle during the time that the particle is within the lungs. This study measures the mass of Cr6+ released from particles originating from three types of paint particles: solvent-borne epoxy, water-borne epoxy, and polyurethane. Impingers were used to collect paint particles into water and particles were held in the water at rest for 1 and 24 h residence times. Particles were then separated from the water by centrifugation. The supernatant was tested for dissolved Cr6+, which was compared to the total Cr6+ (dissolved Cr6+ plus Cr6+ in particles). The mean fractions of Cr6+ released into the water after 1 and 24 hours for each primer averaged: 70 and 85% (solvent epoxy), 74 and 84% (water epoxy), and 94 and 95% (polyurethane). Correlations between particle size and the fraction of Cr6+ released indicate that smaller particles (<5 μm) release a larger fraction of Cr6+ versus larger particles (>5 mum). C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LaPuma, PT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1006/rtph.2002.1592 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 622BR UT WOS:000179627100011 PM 12473417 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Ruebush, M Haworth, M Umstattd, R LaCour, M Golby, K Zagar, D Knowles, T AF Shiffler, D Ruebush, M Haworth, M Umstattd, R LaCour, M Golby, K Zagar, D Knowles, T TI Carbon velvet field-emission cathode SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FIBER CATHODES AB Explosive field emission cathodes comprise an important class of cathodes for high power microwave tubes, having the advantages of light weight as well as requiring no heater for electron emission. Generally, however, this class of cathodes suffers from large amounts of outgassing, nonuniform emission, and very high emittance. This article describes a new class of carbon velvet cathodes that have been coated with a cesium iodide (CsI) salt. We discuss two manifestations of the cathode. We review the lifetime and operation of the cathodes with two different pulse durations, as well as the outgassing from the cathodes during operation. Lifetimes in excess of 980 000 pulses have been obtained, with an outgassing rate of 3.5 atoms per electron. Finally, we discuss the uniformity and emittance of tufted carbon cathodes that have been coated with CsI salt. For comparison, we relate these results to those previously obtained from other cathodes in this class. The cathodes have an emittance of 2.5pi mm rad, as compared to the theoretical value, based on computation, of 2.3pi mm rad. These new cathodes differ greatly from cathodes such as polymer velvet and tufted carbon fiber cathodes in that no volatiles reside on the cathode and in that a unique coating technique allows the cathodes to function. This new class of cathodes offers a potential replacement for existing thermal cathodes, in that no heater is required for superior operation with low outgassing and long lifetime. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Direct Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Tech Matters, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. Energy Sci Lab Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Direct Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4358 EP 4362 DI 10.1063/1.1516853 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 617ZY UT WOS:000179393200037 ER PT J AU Luo, B Mehandru, RM Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Fitch, RC Gillespie, J Dellmer, R Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A AF Luo, B Mehandru, RM Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Fitch, RC Gillespie, J Dellmer, R Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A TI The role of cleaning conditions and epitaxial layer structure on reliability of Sc2O3 and MgO passivation on AlGaN/GaN HEMTS SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE GaNHEMT; current dispersion; gate lag measurement; oxide passivation film; bias-stressing test ID SURFACE PASSIVATION; HFETS AB The effect of layer structure (GaN versus AlGaN cap) and cleaning procedure prior to Sc2O3 or MgO deposition at 100 degreesC were examined for their effects on the long-term bias-stress stability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Surface cleaning by itself was not sufficient to prevent current collapse in the devices. The forward and reverse gate leakage currents were decreased under most conditions upon deposition of the oxide passivation layers. After approximate to13 h of bias-stressing, the MgO-passivated HEMTs retain greater than or equal to 90% their initial drain-source current. The Sc2O3-passivated devices retained similar to80% recovery of the current under the same conditions. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Luo, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2185 EP 2190 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00229-0 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00229-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 620DA UT WOS:000179517100025 ER PT J AU Pope, CTW Ender, PT Woelk, WK Koroscil, MA Koroscil, CTM AF Pope, CTW Ender, PT Woelk, WK Koroscil, MA Koroscil, CTM TI Bacterial contamination of paper currency SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BACTEREMIA AB One-dollar bills were collected from the general community in western Ohio to survey for bacterial contamination. Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic organisms were, isolated from 94% of the bills. These results suggest a high rate of bacterial contamination of one-dollar bills. C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Koroscil, CTM (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 74 MDOS-SGOMI,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1408 EP 1410 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 645JJ UT WOS:000180972200011 ER PT J AU Orio, KE Heller, BJ AF Orio, KE Heller, BJ TI Extreme leukocytosis without hematologic malignancy SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID MANAGEMENT C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Orio, KE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1 759 MDOS-MMIH, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1457 EP 1459 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 645JJ UT WOS:000180972200024 PM 12597320 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Designing effective resistance training programs: A practical example SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE program design; soccer; strength levels; power cycle C1 USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 7 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 6 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 617VD UT WOS:000179380800001 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Providing workouts to high school coaches SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 6 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 617VD UT WOS:000179380800013 ER PT J AU Sebesta, M Cespedes, RD Luhman, E Optenberg, S Thompson, IM AF Sebesta, M Cespedes, RD Luhman, E Optenberg, S Thompson, IM TI Questionnaire-based outcomes of urinary incontinence and satisfaction rates after radical prostatectomy in a national study population SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SEXUAL FUNCTION; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; CONTINENCE; CANCER; EXPERIENCE AB Objectives. To assess the incidence of incontinence and the associated quality of life in men younger than 65 years of age after radical prostatectomy. Methods. The TRICARE/CHAMPUS database was searched to identify 1000 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy within 2 years before study initiation. All patients were younger than 65 years of age at the time of surgery and had at least 18 months of postoperative follow-up. An eight-part questionnaire focusing on continence after surgery was mailed to the study population. Respondents reported on voiding dysfunction, degree of incontinence, satisfaction with continence, and lifestyle impact of incontinence. Results. A total of 674 eligible patients (78%) completed the survey. Any amount of pad use or changing of underwear to keep dry was reported by 31.7%, leakage once per day occurred in 16.8%, and leakage more than once per day in 9.2%. Severe urgency or urge incontinence occurred in 17.4% and was the primary cause of incontinence in one third of patients with incontinence. Only 8.9% of patients used two or more pads per day, and severe incontinence (more than four pads per day) occurred in 2.7%. Incontinence-corrective surgery was used by 4.9% of patients. Overall, 83.3% of patients reported satisfaction with their continence after surgery, and 12% considered postoperative incontinence to be a problem. Conclusions. The results of this questionnaire-based outcomes evaluation of a large national sample of prostatectomy patients younger than 65 years of age demonstrate that incontinence rates in this younger population are similar to those in the Medicare population and may be more representative of the national experience than single-center reports. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Optenberg & Associates, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2002 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1055 EP 1058 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01989-1 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01989-1 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 626TC UT WOS:000179888500024 PM 12475669 ER PT J AU Case, JL Manobianco, J Dianic, AV Wheeler, MM Harms, DE Parks, CR AF Case, JL Manobianco, J Dianic, AV Wheeler, MM Harms, DE Parks, CR TI Verification of high-resolution RAMS forecasts over East-Central Florida during the 1999 and 2000 summer months SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CENTENNIAL OLYMPIC GAMES; 29-KM ETA-MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL EVOLUTION; MOIST CONVECTION; MESOSCALE MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM; SKILL; INITIALIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB This paper presents an objective and subjective verification of a high-resolution configuration of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) over east-central Florida during the 1999 and 2000 summer months. Centered on the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), the innermost nested grid of RAMS has a horizontal grid spacing of 1.25 km, thereby providing forecasts capable of modeling finescale phenomena such as ocean and river breezes, and convection. The RAMS is run operationally at CCAFS within the Eastern Range Dispersion Assessment System (ERDAS), in order to provide emergency response guidance during space operations. ERDAS uses RAMS wind and temperature fields for input into ERDAS diffusion algorithms; therefore, the accuracy of dispersion predictions is highly dependent on the accuracy of RAMS forecasts. The most substantial error in RAMS over east-central Florida is a surface-based cold temperature bias, primarily during the daylight hours. At the Shuttle Landing Facility, the RAMS point error statistics are not substantially different than the National Centers for Environment Prediction Eta Model; however, an objective evaluation consisting of only point error statistics cannot adequately determine the added value of a high-resolution model configuration. Thus, results from a subjective evaluation of the RAMS forecast sea breeze and thunderstorm initiation on the 1.25-km grid are also presented. According to the subjective verification of the Florida east coast sea breeze, the RAMS categorical and skill scores exceeded that of the Eta Model predictions in most instances. The RAMS skill scores in predicting thunderstorm initiation are much lower than the sea-breeze evaluation scores, likely resulting from the lack of a sophisticated data assimilation scheme in the current operational configuration. C1 ENSCO Inc, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. NASA, Appl Meteorol Unit, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. USAF, Weather Squadron 45, Patrick Air Force Base, FL USA. ACTA Inc, Cape Canaveral, FL USA. 45th Space Wing E Range Safety, Patrick Air Force Base, FL USA. RP ENSCO Inc, 1980 N Atlantic Ave,Suite 230, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. EM case.jonathan@ensco.com NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1151 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<1133:VOHRRF>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 630XF UT WOS:000180135600001 ER PT J AU Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA AF Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA TI Enhanced photoconductive gain in quantum-well infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A quantum-mechanical scattering theory approach is taken to evaluate the capture probability from the continuum into the quantum wells in quantum-well infrared photodetectors. The calculations show that the capture probability is dependent on the well width, the barrier height, and bias. An additional tunnel barrier is introduced to disturb the continuum levels near the top of the quantum well. It is shown that this can be optimized to reduce the capture probability and thus increase the photoconductive gain of the device. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, IMP, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gadir, MA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, IMP, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 22 BP 4272 EP 4274 DI 10.1063/1.1525055 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617BR UT WOS:000179340800058 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Semiatin, SL Markovsky, PE Shevchenko, SV Ulshin, SV AF Ivasishin, OM Semiatin, SL Markovsky, PE Shevchenko, SV Ulshin, SV TI Grain growth and texture evolution in Ti-6Al-4V during beta annealing under continuous heating conditions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE annealing; titanium; grain growth; texture ID CONVENTIONAL TITANIUM-ALLOY; TRANSFORMATION AB The kinetics of beta grain growth during continuous heating for two texturally-different, but microstructurally-equivalent, lots of Ti-6Al-4V material were determined using a direct-resistance-heating technique. Heating rates of 0,42, 5, 10. and 50 K s(-1) were utilized. After reaching the peak temperature, a special cooling procedure was utilized to avoid complete decomposition of the beta phase during cool-down and thus enable direct determination of its texture at the end of high-temperature annealing, It was found that beta grain growth is strongly affected by texture whose evolution can give rise to a behavior which is discontinuous in nature. As a result, dramatic differences in grain-growth behavior were noted in the two lots of material and were explained in terms of variations in beta texture evolution during heat treatment. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Inst Phys Met, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivasishin, OM (reprint author), Inst Phys Met, 36 Vernadsky St, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 11 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 88 EP 96 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01990-6 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01990-6 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 611FH UT WOS:000179005400013 ER PT J AU Yaghjian, AD AF Yaghjian, AD TI Three-dimensional planar surface-current equivalence theorem with application to receiving antennas as linear differential operators SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE equivalence theorem; surface current; receiving antenna ID LENGTH DIFFRACTION COEFFICIENTS; NEAR-FIELD; SCATTERING AB [1] A surface-current equivalence theorem that states that the electromagnetic fields outside a three-dimensional (3-D) source region can be generated (to any degree of accuracy) by electric and magnetic surface currents that lie in a single plane within the source region is proven by showing that the fields of each spherical electromagnetic multipole can be generated by delta-function electric and magnetic surface currents in an arbitrarily oriented plane of infinitesimal area located at the origin of the spherical multipole. The theorem can be used to justify integral equation methods based on equivalent surface currents to represent radiated and scattered fields. Application of the theorem to antennas reveals that the output of an arbitrary linear receiving antenna can be expressed in terms of just the transverse spatial derivatives of the transverse components of the incident electric and magnetic fields at a single point in space. The coefficients of the transverse linear differential operator are expressed in terms of the spherical multipole coefficients of the antenna's complex receiving pattern. C1 AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yaghjian, AD (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV 23 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 AR 8003 DI 10.1029/2001RS002582 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 635MN UT WOS:000180403400001 ER PT J AU Reid, JR Webster, RT AF Reid, JR Webster, RT TI Measurements of charging in capacitive microelectromechanical switches SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Charge build up in capacitive microelectromechanical switches is measured during continuous cycling. Under unipolar cycling, charge rapidly builds up in the dielectric causing the switch control voltages to shift. However, under bipolar cycling, there is no net accumulated charge, but instead a decrease in the magnitude of the control voltages. C1 AFRL SNHA, Air Force Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), AFRL SNHA, Air Force Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, 80 Scott Dr,, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 3 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 24 BP 1544 EP 1545 DI 10.1049/el:20021071 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FF UT WOS:000179749100037 ER PT J AU Banach, MJ Clarson, SJ Beaucage, G Benkoski, J Mates, T Kramer, EJ Vaia, RA AF Banach, MJ Clarson, SJ Beaucage, G Benkoski, J Mates, T Kramer, EJ Vaia, RA TI Fabrication and characterization of planar and channel polymer waveguides. III. Compositional distribution and solute loss in polymer thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PMMA; DR1; polymer thin films; compositional distribution; solute loss ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) FILMS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; POLYSTYRENE; SILICON AB For many microelectronic and optoelectronic applications, polymer thin films require the addition of small molecules. However, the thin-film geometry and associated processing techniques will influence the final morphology and compositional distribution of the constituents. It is therefore important that these be examined directly rather than inferred from bulk measurements. As an example system, the concentration and distribution of Disperse Red 1 (DR1) molecules in poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films were examined. Ultraviolet visibility spectroscopy and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry indicate that the composition of the molecules decreased dramatically with thermal treatment of the film. The sublimation of the chromophore was observed to occur at temperatures well below the melting point of the small molecule and the glass transition of the pure polymer; this solute loss manifested itself in changes in the glass transition temperature of the film. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Polymer Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clarson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2021 EP 2024 DI 10.1002/app.11127 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 595KE UT WOS:000178107300028 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Dang, TD Arnold, FE Bhattacharyya, AR Min, BG Zhang, XF Vaia, RA Park, C Adams, WW Hauge, RH Smalley, RE Ramesh, S Willis, PA AF Kumar, S Dang, TD Arnold, FE Bhattacharyya, AR Min, BG Zhang, XF Vaia, RA Park, C Adams, WW Hauge, RH Smalley, RE Ramesh, S Willis, PA TI Synthesis, structure, and properties of PBO/SWNT composites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; FIBERS; BENZOBISOXAZOLE); MORPHOLOGY; NETWORK; PBO AB Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) has been synthesized in the presence of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) using typical PBO polymerization conditions. PBO and PBO/SWNT lyotropic liquid crystalline solutions in PPA have been spun into fibers using dry-jet wet spinning. The tensile strength of the PBO/SWNT fiber containing 10 wt % SWNTs is about 50% higher than that of the control PBO fibers containing no SWNTs. The structure and morphology of these fibers have been studied. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, ICASE, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011; Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011; Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010; Willis, Peter/I-6621-2012 OI Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152; NR 30 TC 377 Z9 390 U1 8 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 19 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 24 BP 9039 EP 9043 DI 10.1021/ma0205055 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 616HL UT WOS:000179298300021 ER PT J AU Heller, BJ Ornstein, D David, R AF Heller, BJ Ornstein, D David, R TI A pilot study of cyclophosphamide carboplatin, etoposide (CCE) and G-CSF for cytoreduction an peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphomas. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 5485 BP 476B EP 476B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JL UT WOS:000179184802027 ER PT J AU Li, XM Salisbury-Rowswell, J Murdock, AD Forse, RA Burke, PA AF Li, XM Salisbury-Rowswell, J Murdock, AD Forse, RA Burke, PA TI Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 response to injury involves a rapid decrease in DNA binding and transactivation via a JAK2 signal transduction pathway SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acute phase; electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA); liver; phosphorylation; tyrosine kinase ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; PYRUVATE-KINASE GENE; ENRICHED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; 3 C/EBP ISOFORMS; CYCLIC-AMP; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE; HEPATIC PHENOTYPE; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB The injury response is a complex set of events, which represents the reaction of a biological system to a perceived change in its environment in an attempt to maintain system integrity. Isolation of individual events or components of this response cannot describe the overall process, but may reflect general mechanisms that have evolved over time to solve the complex requirements of the injury response. The process, generally termed the acute phase response, is a series of organ-specific responses that begin shortly after a systemic injury. In the liver, this response involves both dramatic inductions and reductions in specific sets of genes, and an overall widespread global change in proteins produced. This can be thought of as a phenotypic change or 'reprogramming' of the liver. These changes in protein production are modulated and regulated at the level of transcription and involve significant manipulations of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4) is a liver enriched transcription factor that regulates a large number of liver-specific genes, which play important roles in the critical pathways modulated by the response to injury. HNF-4 also performs an essential role in overall development and is critical for the normal expression of multiple genes in the developed liver, as well as being upstream of HNF-1 in a transcriptional hierarchy that drives hepatocyte differentiation. The role of HNF-4 in regulating liver-specific transcriptional changes directed by injury remains to be defined. In our cell-culture and whole-animal models, we demonstrate that the binding activity of HNF-4 decreases quickly after injury due to post-translational modification by phosphorylation. The mechanisms by which HNF-4 is modified after injury involve the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) signal transduction pathways, but the direct or indirect interaction of JAK2 with HNF-4 remains to be defined. C1 Bostn Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02118 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Burke, PA (reprint author), Bostn Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02118 USA. OI Burke, Peter/0000-0002-0329-5436 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 368 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1042/BJ20020233 PN 1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 618NT UT WOS:000179424700021 PM 12106016 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Chavez, JR Dente, GC Tilton, ML Gianardi, DM AF Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Chavez, JR Dente, GC Tilton, ML Gianardi, DM TI High-temperature performance in similar to 4 mu m type-II quantum well lasers with increased strain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID W LASERS AB In this article, we report on a systematic study of mid-IR, W-Integrated Absorber (W-IA), lasers that employ strained InAs/InxGa1-xSb/InAs active layers, in which the indium content of the hole bearing InxGa1-xSb has been varied from x(In)=0 to x(In)=0.45. The output characteristics of the lasers improve as the In percentage is increased; the threshold temperature sensitivity (T-0) values are observed to increase from approximate to35 to approximate to50 K. Further, the differential quantum efficiencies as a function of temperature are significantly improved in the devices with x(In)greater than or equal to0.25. For samples with nominally eight monolayers (8 ML) InAs/7 ML InxGa1-xSb/8 ML InAs, the lasing wavelength at 84 K is observed to shift from 3.33 mum for x(In)=0 out to a maximum of 4.62 mum for x(In)=0.35. This large shift is well predicted by an empirical psuedopotential model; the model also predicts that the position of the hole wave function is sensitively dependent on strain level and that for x(In)<0.25, the holes are no longer confined in the W active region, but rather in the thick IA layers where they experience a bulklike density of states. This suggests that the improved thermal performance with increasing strain is due to the onset of hole quantum confinement in the W region, and improved or deeper hole confinement in that epitaxial layer. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Lasers Syst Branch,AFRL DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Lasers Syst Branch,AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 5621 EP 5626 DI 10.1063/1.1513199 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200001 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, J Litton, C Collins, TC AF Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, J Litton, C Collins, TC TI Strain splitting of the Gamma(5) and Gamma(6) free excitons in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB High quality GaN crystals have been grown by the hydride vapor phase epitaxy process. The thick layers grown by this process have the potential to provide lattice-matched and thermally-matched substrates for further epitaxial growth. The current sample was grown on a sapphire substrate, resulting in both lattice and thermal mismatch, which produces strain in the as-grown-layer. These in-grown strains result in energy shifts as well as splittings of the free excitons due to combined strain and spin exchange. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 20 BP 3792 EP 3794 DI 10.1063/1.1521263 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 611XB UT WOS:000179042200030 ER PT J AU Shi, W Ding, YJJ Mu, X Fernelius, N AF Shi, W Ding, YJJ Mu, X Fernelius, N TI Tunable and coherent nanosecond radiation in the range of 2.7-28.7 mu m based on difference-frequency generation in gallium selenide (vol 80, pg 3889, 2002) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. AFRL MLPS, AF Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ding, YJJ (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 20 BP 3896 EP 3896 DI 10.1063/1.1519671 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 611XB UT WOS:000179042200065 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Saleh, MA Bunning, TJ Lu, L Meltzer, RS Yen, WM Guha, S AF Evans, DR Saleh, MA Bunning, TJ Lu, L Meltzer, RS Yen, WM Guha, S TI Contra-directional two-beam coupling by use of a single input beam in an iron-doped lithium niobate multimode fiber SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HOLOGRAPHIC MEMORY; WAVE-GUIDE; CRYSTAL AB Experimental results are presented for 180degrees contra-directional two-beam coupling (TBC) measurements in a single crystal fiber of LiNbO3:Fe using a single incident beam and its Fresnel reflection off the back surface of the fiber. To our knowledge, this is the first time that volume gratings have been written in a fiber using this beam coupling geometry. At small f-numbers, the TBC efficiency has been predicted to decrease in bulk LiNbO3:Fe due to the erasure of the weak gratings by the dark conductivity. We present experimental results validating the published theory and show experimentally that confinement of the interfering beams in a fiber geometry overcomes this limitation. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorte, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorte, MLPJ 3005 P St,Bldg 651,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Evans@wpafb.af.mil; Shekhar.Guha@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 32 BP 6890 EP 6893 DI 10.1364/AO.41.006890 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 613CA UT WOS:000179112500018 PM 12440544 ER PT J AU Wei, YJ Gin, A Razeghi, M Brown, GJ AF Wei, YJ Gin, A Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Type IIInAs/GaSb superlattice photovoltaic detectors with cutoff wavelength approaching 32 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODIODES AB We report the most recent advance in the area of type II InAs/GaSb superlattice photovoltaic detectors that have cutoff wavelengths beyond 25 mum, with some at nearly 32 mum. The photodiodes with a heterosuperlattice junction showed Johnson noise limited peak detectivity of 1.05x10(10) cm Hz(1/2)/W at 15 mum under zero bias, and peak responsivity of 3 A/W under -40 mV reverse bias at 34 K illuminated by similar to300 K background with a 2pi field-of-view. The maximum operating temperature of these detectors ranges from 50 to 65 K. No detectable change in the blackbody response has been observed after 5-6 thermal cyclings, with temperature varying between 15 and 296 K in vacuum. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wei, YJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 6 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 19 BP 3675 EP 3677 DI 10.1063/1.1520699 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 609ZA UT WOS:000178935200053 ER PT J AU Rodgers, KG Manifold, C AF Rodgers, KG Manifold, C TI 360-degree feedback: Possibilities for assessment of the ACGME core competencies for emergency medicine residents SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on ACGME Core Competencies CY MAR, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE 360-degree feedback; performance assessment; residents; core competencies ID HUMANISTIC BEHAVIOR; PEER RATINGS; PERFORMANCE; EVALUATE; NURSES AB The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has challenged residency programs to provide documentation via outcomes assessment that all residents have successfully mastered the six core competencies. A variety of assessment "tools" has been identified by the ACGME for outcomes assessment determination. Although rarely cited in the medical literature, 360-degree feedback is currently in widespread use in the business sector. This tool provides timely, consolidated feedback from sources in the resident's sphere of influence (emergency medicine faculty, emergency medicine residents, off-service residents and faculty, nurses, ancillary personnel, patients, out-of-hospital care providers, and a self-assessment). This is a significant deviation from both the peer review process and the resident review process that almost exclusively use physicians as raters. Because of its relative lack of development, utilization, and validation as a method of resident assessment in graduate medical education, a great opportunity exists to develop the 360-degree feedback tool for resident assessment. C1 Indiana Univ Emergency Med Residency, Indianapolis, IN USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Rodgers, KG (reprint author), Clarian Hlth Partners Methodist Hosp, I-65 21 St, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1300 EP 1304 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2002.tb01591.x PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 614RC UT WOS:000179203100035 PM 12414485 ER PT J AU Lucia, DJ King, PI AF Lucia, DJ King, PI TI Domain decomposition for reduced-order Modeling of a flow with moving shocks SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 15th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA ID EVOLUTION OPERATORS C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucia, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2360 EP 2362 DI 10.2514/2.1576 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 608XA UT WOS:000178872000023 ER PT J AU Nugent, JS Napoli, DC AF Nugent, JS Napoli, DC TI Immunotherapy triggering acute VCD SO ALLERGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE immunotherapy; VCD; vocal cord dysfunction ID VOCAL CORD DYSFUNCTION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Nugent, JS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 59 MDW MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-4538 J9 ALLERGY JI Allergy PD NOV PY 2002 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1089 EP 1090 DI 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23836_11.x PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 599PC UT WOS:000178343400030 PM 12359021 ER PT J AU Harrison, SA Kadakia, S Lang, KA Schenker, S AF Harrison, SA Kadakia, S Lang, KA Schenker, S TI Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: What we know in the new millennium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review ID FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-ALPHA; WEIGHT-LOSS; CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS; LEPTIN-DEFICIENT; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE PATIENTS AB Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a liver disease characterized by diffuse fatty infiltration and inflammation. The exact prevalence of NASH is unclear, but it is becoming more evident that the disease is much more common than previously thought. Although generally a benign, indolent process, it can progress to advanced liver disease in approximately 15-20% of patients. Clinical characteristics associated with NASH include obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, all of which have been associated with underlying insulin resistance. Typically, this disease becomes evident in the fourth or fifth decade of life with an equal sex predilection. NASH is thought to be caused, in part, by impaired insulin signaling, leading to elevated circulating insulin levels and subsequent altered lipid homeostasis. This process is likely multifactorial and includes both genetic and environmental factors. Treatment options to date are limited and are based on very small clinical trials. Current investigations are focusing on improving the underlying insulin resistance that has been associated with NASH as well as other therapies that decrease oxidative stress or improve hepatocyte survival. (C) 2002 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 109 TC 117 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2714 EP 2724 AR PII S0002-9270(02)05486-2 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 613DH UT WOS:000179116100011 PM 12425538 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Price, SD Mizuno, DR Carey, SJ AF Kraemer, KE Price, SD Mizuno, DR Carey, SJ TI Observations of galaxies with the Midcourse Space Experiment SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31, NGC 253, M33, NGC 4631, NGC 4945, NGC 5055, M83, M101); infrared radiation ID SPIRAL STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR GAS; M83; MORPHOLOGY; NGC-5055; NGC-253; DISK; MSX; ISO AB We have imaged eight nearby spiral galaxies with the SPIRIT III infrared telescope on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite in the mid-infrared at 18" resolution at 8.3, 12.1, 14.7, and 21.3 mum. Each of the eight shows interesting structure not previously detected with older, lower resolution infrared data sets, such as a resolved nucleus or spiral structure. The MSX data are compared with existing data sets at ultraviolet, optical, and infrared wavelengths, including recent observations from the Infrared Space Observatory. The infrared structures in M83 and NGC 5055 show a striking similarity to the ultraviolet emission but are less similar to the optical emission. Several point sources with no identified counterparts at other wavelengths are found near M31, NGC 4945, M83, and M101. Over 200 previously known objects are also detected at 8 mum. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 2990 EP 3008 DI 10.1086/344079 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607AL UT WOS:000178768200049 ER PT J AU Heras, AM Shipman, RF Price, SD de Graauw, T Walker, HJ de Muizon, MJ Kessler, MF Prusti, T Decin, L Vandenbussche, B Waters, LBFM AF Heras, AM Shipman, RF Price, SD de Graauw, T Walker, HJ de Muizon, MJ Kessler, MF Prusti, T Decin, L Vandenbussche, B Waters, LBFM TI Infrared spectral classification of normal stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : evolution; stars : fundamental parameters; infrared : stars ID STELLAR EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; ANGULAR DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; ROTATION-VIBRATION BANDS; IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; GIANT STARS; FLUX METHOD; SILICON MONOXIDE; COOL GIANTS AB Moderate resolution (approximate to400) 2.38-45.2 mum infrared spectra of stars without dust features were obtained with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). The observations are part of a larger program with the objective to extend and refine the current infrared classification schemes. In particular, our data provide the basis for a more detailed classification of the 1.N-1.NO sources (ordinary and oxygen rich naked stars) as defined by Kraemer et al. (2002) in a comprehensive classification of the ISO-SWS spectra. For our analysis, the continuum was determined by fitting Engelke's function (Engelke 1992) to the SWS data. The stellar angular diameters derived from these estimates of the continuum are in good agreement with values obtained by other methods. Analysis of the equivalent widths of the CO fundamental and first overtone molecular bands, the SiO fundamental and first overtone, as well as the H2O bending mode band as a function of MK class, reveals that there is sufficient information in the SWS spectra to distinguish between hot (B, A, F) and cool stars. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the spectral type for the G, K and M giants, and subtype ranges in a sequence of K and M giants. The equivalent widths of the CO and SiO bands are found to be well correlated in K and M stars, such that the equivalent widths of the CO fundamental, the SiO first overtone and the SiO fundamental can be reasonably well extrapolated from the depth of the CO first overtone. We have identified two stars, HR 365 and V Nor, whose mid-infrared spectrum does not correspond to their respective optical classification. HR 365 may have a late M companion, which dominates the observed infrared spectrum while V Nor is a late type giant that was included because its spectrum was classified as featureless under the IRAS LRS scheme. According to Kraemer et al. (2002), V Nor has a thin dust shell, which distorts the analysis of its mid-infrared absorption bands. C1 European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Astrophys Miss Div, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Space Res Org Netherlands, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSB, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dept Space Sci, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, Madrid 28080, Spain. European Space Agcy, Space Operat & Data Syst Div, Res & Sci Support Dept, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrekunde, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Heras, AM (reprint author), European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Astrophys Miss Div, Res & Sci Support Dept, POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. NR 70 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 394 IS 2 BP 539 EP 552 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20021124 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 603TD UT WOS:000178575300016 ER PT J AU Ercoline, WR Self, BP Matthews, RSJ AF Ercoline, WR Self, BP Matthews, RSJ TI Effects of three helmet-mounted display symbologies on unusual attitude recognition and recovery SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HMD symbology; attitude awareness; spatial disorientation ID TASK; ARC AB Background: Helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) allow pilots to view aircraft instrument information while looking to the side, away from the aircraft centerline axis. In that situation, pilots may lose attitude awareness and thus develop spatial disorientation. A secondary concern is the possible effects of visual conflict between the apparent motion of traditional, nose-referenced flight symbology and the off-axis view of the outside world. Hypothesis: Alternative symbologies will provide improved attitude awareness for HMDs when compared with the conventional inside-out symbology now used with head-up displays (HUDs), if the HUD symbology is used on a HMD. Methods: The 9 pilots were presented 48 randomly arranged unusual attitude conditions on a HMD. The three symbologies included: 1) the inside-out representation now used with fixed HUDs, which features a moving horizon and pitch ladder; 2) an outside-in display that depicts a moving aircraft relative to a fixed horizon; and 3) an inside-out novel symbology termed the 'grapefruit' display (GD). The background scene contained a mix of either a front view orientation or a side view one. Conditions were randomized within and across subjects. Subjective preferences were collected after the completion of all tasks. Results: Analysis of variance repeated measures design revealed that stick input for the GD was significantly faster with fewer roll reversal errors than either of the other two. The time to recover to straight and level was significantly shorter for the front view orientation than the side view. Of the nine pilots, eight preferred the GD symbology as a method of presenting attitude information on the HMD. Conclusion: Results suggest the current HUD symbology is not the best way of displaying attitude information on the HMD. Given the conditions of this study, the best way of presenting the pilot with attitude information on the HMD is with the CID symbology. C1 AFRL HEP Veridian Engn, Attitude Awareness Lab, Spatial Disorientat Countermeasures Program, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ercoline, WR (reprint author), AFRL HEP Veridian Engn, Attitude Awareness Lab, Spatial Disorientat Countermeasures Program, 2504 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1058 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 611MM UT WOS:000179021500001 PM 12433226 ER PT J AU Haske, TL Pilmanis, AA AF Haske, TL Pilmanis, AA TI Decompression sickness latency as a function of altitude to 25,000 feet SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ADRAC; altitude; DCS; decompression sickness; duration; dysbarism; latency; prebreathe; preoxygenation; time limits; unpressurized ID SYMPTOMS AB Introduction: Current Air Force Instructions (AFIs) allow flight of unrestricted duration in unpressurized aircraft up to 25,000 ft. Supplemental oxygen is required to prevent hypoxia, but decompression sickness (DCS) is not adequately considered in current oxygen use guidelines. Recent information from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) DCS database, combined with a projected increase in exposure to these altitudes under proposed USAF missions, suggests that DCS may be operationally significant in certain circumstances. Methods: The AFRL Altitude Decompression Sickness Risk Assessment Computer (ADRAC) model was used to develop a family of curves representing DCS latency (time to symptom onset) as a function of altitude for the case of zero preoxygenation and mild exercise. The DCS database was then searched for serious DCS cases among subjects under the same conditions (n=175). An upper limit for DCS incidence that avoided serious DCS symptoms was selected and exposure time limits were determined, Preoxygenation requirements necessary to remain belong the selected DCS incidence limit were also evaluated using ADRAC and provide an alternative to time limits. Results and Discussion: The 20% DCS curve met the above criteria. Based on this, continued unlimited exposure time is recommended for 21000 ft and below, The 20% DCS risk, curve for zero-prebreathe exposures to 25,000 ft, 24,000 ft, 23,000 ft, and 22,000 ft are reached at 45 min, 70 min, 120 min, and 200 min, respectively. Consistent with existing AFIs, flying unpressurized above 25,000 ft is not recommended. These times should be reduced for crewmembers engaged in heavy physical activity at altitude. Conclusions: This article proposes time limits for unpressurized flight above 21000 ft to reduce DCS risk. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Grad Educ Div, Residency Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEPR, High Altitude Protect Res, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1059 EP 1062 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 611MM UT WOS:000179021500002 PM 12433227 ER PT J AU McCrary, BF Van Syoc, DL AF McCrary, BF Van Syoc, DL TI Permanent flying disqualifications of USAF pilots and navigators (1995-1999) SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aviation; disqualification; waiver; medical; pilot; navigator AB Background: The USAF devotes great financial and medical assets to the identification and evaluation of USAF aircrew who have been grounded from flying duties for medical conditions thought to be dangerous to the flying mission or personal safety, The purpose of this study is to update the literature and to demonstrate that USAF efforts during the past 19 yr have improved our ability to retain experienced aviators, Methods: The USAF waiver file was reviewed to quantify the number of USAF pilots and navigators receiving permanent medical disqualifications from flying duties during 1995-1999. We identified 157 cases, which were stratified by age group and sex. Results: The number of disqualifications increased incrementally by age group. The most common diagnoses resulting in permanent disqualification were coronary artery disease, hypertension, back pain and disk abnormalities, migraine headaches, diabetes mellitus, and substance/alcohol abuse. Discussion: These results are verb similar to those reported in a 1984 USAF study and other studies of aviation populations, The rate of permanent flying disqualifications in this study as equal to 0.18% per year compared to 4.1% per year in 1984, This decrease in the rate of disqualifications could be due to modification of USAF standards, utilization of clinical management groups, better screening of applicants, new technology or therapies, and effective preventive medicine efforts throughout the Air Force. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McCrary, BF (reprint author), 1503 Spanish Oaks, San Antonio, TX 78213 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1117 EP 1121 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 611MM UT WOS:000179021500013 PM 12433238 ER PT J AU Baughman, SM Brennan, J AF Baughman, SM Brennan, J TI Barotrauma secondary to inflammatory maxillary sinus polyp: A case report SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE paranasal sinuses/surgery; osteomeatal complex; inflammatory polyp; sinus polyp ID SURGERY AB Sinus barotrauma, secondary to mucosal disturbances, is a common finding within the aviation community. Multiple etiologies have all led to mucosal inflammation and thickening with potential obstruction of the sinus osteomeatal complex, especially during the barometric changes of flight, Obstruction can, therefore, lead to problems with sinus pressure equilibration with atmospheric pressure, and can lead to barosinusitis. We present a case of a U.S. Air Force Command Pilot with acute left sinus barotrauma during descent while flying a T-37 aircraft, along with a brief review of the pathophysiologic processes involved during barotrauma. An inflammatory polyp within his sinus was identified by plain radiography, confirmed with computed tomography, and subsequently excised. The patient had complete resolution and clearance to fly after an uneventful 4-wk convalescence and altitude chamber flight, This is the first case of sinus barotrauma secondary to an inflammatory maxillary sinus polyp, confirmed by histologic diagnosis, reported in the aeromedical literature. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Brennan, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 59 MDW MCJR,Ste 1,2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1127 EP 1131 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 611MM UT WOS:000179021500015 PM 12433240 ER PT J AU Soares, GM Coiner, LG Gunlock, MG Hagino, RT AF Soares, GM Coiner, LG Gunlock, MG Hagino, RT TI Percutaneous salvage of crushed bilateral aorto-iliac stents SO CARDIOVASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deformed stents; damaged stents; collapsed stents; stent occlusion; intravascular salvage; percutaneous salvage; recanalization ID PALMAZ STENT; SURGICAL MANIPULATION; COMPRESSION AB There are multiple reports of externally deformed or crimped intravascular stents. Percutaneous salvage has been described in multiple anatomic locations including the carotid artery, coronary artery bypass grafts, and hemodialysis conduits. We report successful percutaneous salvage of severely crushed aortoiliac stents in a patient status post low anterior resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for rectal carcinoma. A review of the literature describing approaches to externally deformed stents in other anatomic regions, the limited experience with crushed iliac stents, and our technique is presented. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Soares, GM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0174-1551 J9 CARDIOVASC INTER RAD JI Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 538 EP 542 DI 10.1007/s00270-002-2622-5 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 631XZ UT WOS:000180194600016 PM 12357316 ER PT J AU Xie, W Xie, RC Pan, WP Hunter, D Koene, B Tan, LS Vaia, R AF Xie, W Xie, RC Pan, WP Hunter, D Koene, B Tan, LS Vaia, R TI Thermal stability of quaternary phosphonium modified montmorillonites SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYIMIDE-CLAY HYBRID; SOLID-STATE NMR; POLYMER; POLYPROPYLENE; DEGRADATION AB Organically modified layered silicates (OLS) with high thermal stability are critical for synthesis and processing of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSN). In the current study, the non-oxidative thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl and aryl quaternary phosphonium-modified montmorillonites (P-MMT) was examined using TGA combined with pyrolysis/GC-MS. The morphology evolution at elevated temperature was investigated using in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The onset decomposition temperature via TGA of these P-MMTs ranged from 190 to 230 degreesC. The initial degradation of the alkyl P-MMTs follows potentially two reaction pathways - beta-elimination [E-beta] and nucleophilic displacement at phosphorus [SN(P)] - reflecting the multiple environments of the surfactant in the silicate. Aryl P-MMT decomposition proceeds via either a reductive elimination through a five-coordinate intermediate or radical generation through homologous cleavage of the P-phenyl bond. Overall, the interlayer environment of the montmorillonite has a more severe effect on stability of the phosphonium surfactant than previously reported for ammonium-modified montmorillonite (N-MMT). Nonetheless, the overall thermal stability of P-MMT is higher than that of N-MMT. These observations indicate that, in addition to their conventional purpose as stabilizers, phosphonium salts offer unique opportunities for melting processing polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Thermal Anal Lab, Mat Characterizat Ctr, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. So Clay Prod Inc, Gonzales, TX 78629 USA. Triton Syst Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, WP (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Thermal Anal Lab, Mat Characterizat Ctr, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 55 TC 253 Z9 262 U1 6 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 14 IS 11 BP 4837 EP 4845 DI 10.1021/cm020705v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 617TR UT WOS:000179377400056 ER PT J AU Chaney, JC Jones, K Grathwohl, K Olivier, KN AF Chaney, JC Jones, K Grathwohl, K Olivier, KN TI Implementation of an oxygen therapy clinic to manage users of long-term oxygen therapy SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE COPD; obstructive lung disease; oxygen therapy; reimbursement ID COPD PATIENTS; COST AB Study objectives: To evaluate the initial benefits of establishing an oxygen therapy clinic (OTC) to manage users of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Military-affiliated, tertiary care hospital. Patients or participants: Current users of LTOT at our institution and patients with new oxygen prescriptions between June 2000 and May 2001. Intervention: The OTC evaluation consisted of a focused medical interview and physical examination by a respiratory therapist. Demographic data, indications for supplemental oxygen, oxygen-related diagnoses, cardiopulmonary review of systems, pertinent physical examination findings, pulmonary function testing, and oximetry data were recorded. Patients prescribed oxygen during hospitalization were followed up for recertification within 90 days based on the recommendations of the Fifth Oxygen Consensus Conference. Also, patients with existing oxygen prescriptions and new oxygen prescriptions during the study period were evaluated in the OTC. Data are provided for the initial evaluation in this clinic. Measurements and results: A total of 283 patients were evaluated in the OTC during the study period. Ninety-seven patients with a new oxygen prescription during hospitalization were evaluated, with a mean +/- SE time from discharge to evaluation of 2.6 +/- 0.4 months. At follow-up, 50.5% of these patients no longer met Medicare guidelines for LTOT. A significant change in oxygen prescription was required in 27.9% of these patients. A total of 95 outpatients with existing oxygen prescriptions were contacted for recertification in the OTC. Of these patients, 31.6% no longer met Medicare criteria for LTOT and 26% required a significant change to their oxygen prescription. Oxygen therapy was discontinued in 22% of the 91 patients who were referred from other outpatient clinics, and the oxygen prescription was changed in another 29.7%. Conclusions: Results of this initial evaluation suggest that the institution of a respiratory therapist-managed OTC to manage home oxygen patients can significantly decrease inappropriate supplemental oxygen use, which can result in significant cost savings while providing improved health-care delivery. Further evaluation is necessary to identify the long-term benefits and cost savings in this population. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chaney, JC (reprint author), 59 MDW MCCP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2002 VL 122 IS 5 BP 1661 EP 1667 DI 10.1378/chest.122.5.1661 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 617TH UT WOS:000179376600030 PM 12426268 ER PT J AU Bennett, W Schreiber, BT Andrews, DH AF Bennett, W Schreiber, BT Andrews, DH TI Developing competency-based methods for near-real-time air combat problem solving assessment SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article AB Air combat scenarios present unique problems where the solution is not obvious. An advanced networked simulation environment can be used to train high-level cognitive air combat skills such as problem solving. A problem in the development of principled and construct oriented assessment is related to determining the level of specificity of the assessment. We present a detailed discussion of the definition of critical competencies associated with combat mission problem solving performance. and we describe our approach to develop and implement an embedded performance assessment system that maps outcomes to these competencies. Finally, we discuss the implications for our approach for comprehensive assessment and discuss our goals for an evaluation of the competency-based approach to assessment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Bennett, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0747-5632 J9 COMPUT HUM BEHAV JI Comput. Hum. Behav. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 773 EP 782 AR PII S0747-5632(02)00030-4 DI 10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00030-4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 604XP UT WOS:000178646600013 ER PT J AU Pierce, ME Youn, C Fox, GC AF Pierce, ME Youn, C Fox, GC TI The Gateway computational Web portal SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE computational portals; computing environments; computational Grids AB In this paper we describe the basic services and architecture of Gateway, a commodity-based Web portal that provides secure remote access to unclassified Department of Defense computational resources. The portal-consists of a dynamically generated, browser-based user interface supplemented by client applications and a distributed middle tier, WebFlow. WebFlow provides a coarse-grained approach to accessing both stand-alone and Grid-enabled back-end computing resources. We describe in detail the implementation of basic portal features such as job submission, file transfer, and job monitoring and discuss how the portal addresses security requirements of the deployment centers. Finally, we outline future plans, including integration of Gateway with Department of Defense testbed Grids. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons,Ltd. C1 Florida State Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Indiana Univ, Community Grid Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Sch Informat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Pierce, ME (reprint author), 2435 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Pierce, Marlon/0000-0002-9582-5712 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 13-15 BP 1411 EP 1426 DI 10.1002/cpe.681 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631RE UT WOS:000180179900021 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Seneviratne, J Pacey, GE Gord, JR Brown, MS Meyer, TS Cox, JA AF Cheng, L Seneviratne, J Pacey, GE Gord, JR Brown, MS Meyer, TS Cox, JA TI Evaluation of electrochemical release of self-assembled reagents as a component of a preconcentrator for flow-injection analysis SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE preconcentration; self-assembled monolayers; flow-injection; amperometry ID ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; MONOLAYERS; GOLD; POLYPYRROLE; DESORPTION AB Demonstrated is that self-assembled monolayers anchored to gold by a thiolate can trap an analyte and electrochemical release of the assembly into a carrier allows determination at a downstream detector. Quantitative potentiostatic release of a coumarin derivative is demonstrated by fluorometry. The capture Of PMo12O403- on a monolayer of 4-aminothiophenol followed by oxidative release results in a 4.8 nA peak (1.6-s width at 1 mL min(-1)) for the four-electron reduction Of PMo12O403-. The sensitivity is increased by forming multilayers on the preconcentrator. Release of 10 layers of P2W18O626- yields a 12.4 nA peak even though only a one-electron reduction occurs at the potential employed. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Cox, JA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 14 IS 19-20 BP 1339 EP 1343 DI 10.1002/1521-4109(200211)14:19/20<1339::AID-ELAN1339>3.0.CO;2-T PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 618VB UT WOS:000179437000004 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Quiz case - Dialysis-related amyloid arthropathy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, 22000 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0720-048X J9 EUR J RADIOL JI Eur. J. Radiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 156 EP 159 AR PII S0720-048X(02)00002-5 DI 10.1016/S0720-048X(02)00002-5 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 611EW UT WOS:000179004300010 PM 12413685 ER PT J AU Gopinath, A De La Rue, RM Okamoto, K Soref, RA AF Gopinath, A De La Rue, RM Okamoto, K Soref, RA TI Introduction to the issue on Integrated Optics and Optoelectronics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland. NTT Corp, Elect Corp, Technol Dev Headquarters, Ibaraki 3110122, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gopinath, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect Engn, 200 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI De La Rue, Richard/A-8202-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1216 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2003.807964 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 644YG UT WOS:000180948500016 ER PT J AU Laine, TI Bauer, KW Lanning, JW Russell, CA Wilson, GF AF Laine, TI Bauer, KW Lanning, JW Russell, CA Wilson, GF TI Selection of input features across subjects for classifying crewmember workload using artificial neural networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE discriminant analysis; feature saliency; mental workload classification; neural networks; pattern recognition; psychophysiological features ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION METHODS; EEG-ANALYSIS; HEART-RATE; FLIGHT; TASK; PERFORMANCE AB The issue of crewmember workload is important in complex system operation because operator overload leads to decreased mission effectiveness. Psychophysiological research on mental workload uses measures such as electroencephalogram (EEG), cardiac, eye-blink, and respiration measures to identify mental workload levels. This paper reports a research effort whose primary objective was to determine if one parsimonious set of salient psychophysiological features can be identified to accurately classify mental workload levels across multiple test subjects performing a multiple task battery. To accomplish this objective, a stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis heuristic and artificial neural network feature selection with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used. In general, EEG power in the 31-40-Hz frequency range and ocular input features appeared highly salient. The second objective was to assess the feasibility of a single model to classify mental workload across different subjects. A classification accuracy of 87% was obtained for seven independent validation subjects using neural network models trained with data from other subjects. This result provides initial evidence for the potential use of generalized classification models in multitask workload assessment. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Test & Evaluat Operat Anal Headquarters, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Trevor.Laine@afit.edu; Kenneth.Bauer@afit.edu; Jeffrey.Lanning@pentagon.af.mil; Christopher.Russell@wpafb.af.mil; Glenn.Wilson@wpafb.af.mil NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 EI 1558-2426 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 691 EP 704 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2002.807036 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 644EF UT WOS:000180904400006 ER PT J AU Atlas, JG Smith, GT Hohlstein, LA McCarthy, DM Kroll, LS AF Atlas, JG Smith, GT Hohlstein, LA McCarthy, DM Kroll, LS TI Similarities and differences between Caucasian and African American college women on eating and dieting expectancies, bulimic symptoms, dietary restraint, and disinhibition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE race; dieting expectancies; risk factors ID VALIDATION; BEHAVIORS; DEPRESSION; STUDENTS; ESCAPE; BLACK AB Objective: To clarify race differences in eating disorder risk factors and symptoms, by comparing Caucasian and African American samples on the factor structures, intercorrelations, and mean levels of endorsement on a set of risk and symptom measures. Method: A sample of 300 Caucasian and 200 African American undergraduates completed measures of eating and thinness/dieting expectancies, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the BULIT. Results: The factor structures of each measure were invariant across race. Intercorrelations among the measures generally did not differ across race. On the three expectancy measures predictive of symptomatology, two of three scales of the TFEQ, and the BULIT, African American women had lower mean scores than Caucasian women. Socioeconomic status did not account for the results: in this sample, it was unrelated to race and correlated with only 1 of 20 measures. Discussion: The factor-based meaning of these measures appears to be consistent across race. The measures correlate similarly across race, suggesting that the risk process may be similar for both races, but African American women endorsed significantly fewer risk factors and fewer symptoms. (C) 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Alfred Univ, Div Sch Psychol, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. Brown Univ, Butler Hosp, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol, Columbia, MO USA. USAF, Charleston, SC USA. RP Smith, GT (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0276-3478 J9 INT J EAT DISORDER JI Int. J. Eating Disord. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1002/eat.10081 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Nutrition & Dietetics; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Psychiatry GA 587WD UT WOS:000177666100008 PM 12210647 ER PT J AU Dzenis, YA Qin, MH Pagano, NJ AF Dzenis, YA Qin, MH Pagano, NJ TI A method of evaluation of transverse critical energy release rate (fiber failure mode) in advanced composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Letter ID FRACTURE; TENSION AB Ultimate failure of composite laminates typically involves fiber failure after a number of spurious cracking modes have developed and grown. The possibility that this failure can be treated as a legitimate fracture process has apparently been neglected due to the difficulty in producing. the appropriate failure mode in the laboratory. This issue is addressed in this communication, where we design a specimen in which the 0 degree ply is sandwiched between 90 degree plies which serve as guides to direct the crack propagation across the fibers. The corresponding fracture anisotropy, or the ratio of the transverse and longitudinal critical energy release rates is found to be 1,011 for a graphite-epoxy unidirectional composite, the highest fracture anisotropy measured to, date. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dzenis, YA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 118 IS 1 BP L3 EP L8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 662CG UT WOS:000181927900007 ER PT J AU Wolfe, HF Camden, MP Brown, DL Simmons, LW AF Wolfe, HF Camden, MP Brown, DL Simmons, LW TI Sigma limiting effects on the response of a ceramic matrix beam SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 40th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB High sigma events were studied in the narrowband random response of a cantilevered beam excited by an electrodynamic shaker. The effects of truncating the input signal to the shaker with a Blackglas(TM) beam are discussed. Tests were conducted with the shaker option of the shaker, controller sigma limiting turned off, sigma limited to 2.5, and sigma limited to 3.5. Large data files were recorded and analyzed. The results were compared with similar previous tests with an aluminum alloy beam. The sigma values calculated varied considerably with the record lengths. When a fatigue failure was assumed, the cumulative fatigue damage was computed as a function of the sigma value of the response peak probability density function. Very little damage was found for the high sigma peaks compared to the damage that occurred with the many smaller peaks. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wolfe, HF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2145 5th St,Suite 5, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1073 DI 10.2514/2.3036 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 624LU UT WOS:000179761800019 ER PT J AU More, D Hagan, L Whisman, B Jordan-Wagner, D AF More, D Hagan, L Whisman, B Jordan-Wagner, D TI Identification of specific IgE to mesquite wood smoke in individuals with mesquite pollen allergy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CROSS-ALLERGENICITY C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP More, D (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 814 EP 816 DI 10.1067/mai.2002.129034 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 612NN UT WOS:000179082500022 PM 12417896 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS Czigany, Z Hultman, L AF Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS Czigany, Z Hultman, L TI Growth and structure of fullerene-like CNx thin films produced by pulsed laser ablation of graphite in nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; LINKED NANO-ONIONS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; AZAFULLERENE (C59N)(2); OPTICAL-EMISSION; RAMAN-SPECTRA; NITRIDE FILMS; DEPOSITION; SUPERHARD; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The growth and structure of fullerene-like CNx films produced by laser ablation of graphite in low pressure nitrogen were investigated. Deposition conditions were selected based on investigations of CN and C-2 concentration at the condensation surface, vibrational temperature of CN radicals, and kinetic energies of atomic and molecular species. Films were characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and stress analyses. The nitrogen content in CNx films directly depended on the concentration of CN radicals at the condensation surface. Formation of fullerene-like structures required a high vibrational temperature of these radicals, which was maximized at about 4 eV for depositions at 10 mTorr N-2 and laser fluences of similar to7 J/cm(2). The presence of C-2 had only a minor effect on film composition and structure. Optimization of plasma characteristics and a substrate temperature of 300 degreesC helped to produce about 1-mum-thick solid films of CNx (N/C ratioapproximate to0.2-0.3) and pure carbon consisting of fullerene-like fragments and packages. In contrast to carbon films, fullerene-like CNx films exhibited a high elastic recovery of about 80% in using a Berkovich tip at 5 mN load and indentation depths up to 150 nm. Their elastic modulus was about 160 GPa measured from the unloading portion of an indentation curve, and about 250 GPa measured with a 40 Hz tip oscillation during nanoindentation tests. The difference was related to time dependent processes of shape restoration of fullerene-like fragments, and an analogy was made to the behavior of elastomer polymers. However, unlike elastomers, CNx film hardness was as high as 30 GPa, which was twice that of fullerene-like carbon films. The unusual combination of high elasticity and hardness of CNx films was explained by crosslinking of fullerene fragments induced by the incorporated nitrogen and stored compressive stress. The study demonstrated laser ablation as a viable technique for the growth of fullerene-like CNx films, which may be used as hard protective coatings resisting brittle fracture at high loads and extensive substrate deformations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Linkoping Univ, IFM, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Tech Phys & Mat Sci, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Czigany, Zsolt/K-6212-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI Czigany, Zsolt/0000-0001-6410-8801; NR 33 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 4980 EP 4988 DI 10.1063/1.1509106 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 607AA UT WOS:000178767200019 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, J Litton, CW Collins, TC AF Reynolds, DC Hoelscher, J Litton, CW Collins, TC TI Temperature dependence of free excitons in GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ART. AB The excitons involved in this study are the longitudinal and the Gamma(5) and Gamma(6) free excitons, as well as the donor bound exciton (D-0,X). The temperature dependence of the energy positions of the Gamma(5), Gamma(6), and (D-0,X) excitons are well accounted for by the Varshni equation (Y. P. Varshni, Physica (Amsterdam) 34, 149 (1967)). In the same temperature range, the energy positions of the longitudinal excitons depart from the predictions of the Varshni equation. The separation between the longitudinal- and transverse-mode free excitons has been previously reported. One component of this separation is the polarizability, which has a temperature dependence. The longitudinal exciton therefore has a band-gap temperature dependence, predicted by the Varshni equation, as well as an additional dependence due to polarizability. This temperature dependence has been accounted for by the Varshni equation, plus an additional linear and a quadratic temperature dependent term. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 5596 EP 5598 DI 10.1063/1.1509866 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 607AA UT WOS:000178767200120 ER PT J AU Brautigam, DH AF Brautigam, DH TI CRRES in review: space weather and its effects on technology SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE CRRES; radiation belts; radiation environment; radiation effects on electronics ID RADIATION BELT FORMATION; INSULATOR DISCHARGE PULSES; STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS; SEU RATE PREDICTION; FLIGHT DATA; MARCH 1991; IN-SPACE; SATELLITE; DIFFUSION; ELECTRONS AB The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) was a unique mission which has provided valuable lessons about the space radiation environment and its effects on technological systems in space. The tremendous value of CRRES resides in the fact that it flew not only the technologies to be space-tested. but also an extensive suite of instruments to accurately specify the damage-causing radiation environment. CRRES was launched into a geosynchronous transfer orbit on July 25, 1990, 1 yr following the maximum of solar cycle 22, and returned data for approximately 14 months. It was first exposed to 8 months of a relatively quiet magnetosphere, followed by a very active 6 month interval initiated by the much documented March 1991 storm. This large magnetic storm, accompanied by a solar proton event, was responsible for creating a temporary proton and electron belt within the typically benign slot region. The dynamic radiation environment was responsible for a number of observable total dose effects, charging/discharging phenomena, single event effects, and assorted anomalies within the spacecraft instrumentation and technology tested. This exceptional combination of technologies, instrumentation, and dynamic radiation environment will be reviewed, with attention given to lessons learned and how CRRES has changed our perspective on magnetospheric radiation hazards. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Brautigam, DH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 64 IS 16 BP 1709 EP 1721 AR PII S1364-6826(02)00121-9 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00121-9 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 601NR UT WOS:000178453100004 ER PT J AU Basu, S Groves, KM Basu, S Sultan, PJ AF Basu, S Groves, KM Basu, S Sultan, PJ TI Specification and forecasting of scintillations in communication/navigation links: current status and future plans SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; irregularities; polar and equatorial region; scintillation; specification and forecasting ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; GRADIENT DRIFT INSTABILITY; SYSTEM PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; POLAR-CAP; ELECTRIC-FIELD; LAYER IRREGULARITIES; IONIZATION PATCHES; REGION PATCHES; MODEL AB The ionosphere often becomes turbulent and develops electron density irregularities. These irregularities scatter radio waves to cause amplitude and phase scintillation and affect satellite communication and GPS navigation systems. The effects are most intense in the equatorial region, moderate at high latitudes and minimum at middle latitudes. The thermosphere and the ionosphere seem to internally control the generation of irregularities in the equatorial region and its forcing by solar transients is an additional modulating factor. On the other hand, the it-regularity generation mechanisms in the high-latitude ionosphere seem to be driven by magnetospheric processes and, therefore, high-latitude scintillations can be tracked by following the trail of energy from the sun in the form of solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The development of a global specification and forecast system for scintillation is needed in view of our increased reliance on space-based communication and navigation systems, which are vulnerable to ionospheric scintillation. Such scintillation specification systems are being developed for the equatorial region. An equatorial satellite equipped with all appropriate suite of sensors, capable of detecting ionospheric irregularities and tracking the drivers that control the formation of ionospheric irregularities has also been planned for the purpose of specifying and forecasting equatorial scintillations. In the polar region, scintillation specification and forecast systems are yet to emerge although modeling and observations of polar cap plasma structures, their convection and associated irregularities have advanced greatly in recent years. Global scintillation observations made during the S-R-AMP Space Weather Month in September 1999 are currently being analyzed to study the effects of magnetic storms on communication and navigation systems. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Atmospher Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, VSBI 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM santimay@aol.com NR 38 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 64 IS 16 BP 1745 EP 1754 AR PII S1364-6826(02)00124-4 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00124-4 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 601NR UT WOS:000178453100007 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Jain, RK Spain, JC AF Johnson, GR Jain, RK Spain, JC TI Origins of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene pathway (vol 184, pg 4219, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 184 IS 21 BP 6084 EP 6084 DI 10.1128/JB.184.21.6084.2002 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 603XP UT WOS:000178586800034 ER PT J AU Lohmann, CH Tandy, EM Sylvia, VL Hell-Vocke, AK Cochran, DL Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Lohmann, CH Tandy, EM Sylvia, VL Hell-Vocke, AK Cochran, DL Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI Response of normal female human osteoblasts (NHOst) to 17 beta-estradiol is modulated by implant surface morphology SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE osteoblasts; 17 beta-estradiol; differentiation; PGE(2); TGF-beta 1; titanium ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; VESICLE ENZYME-ACTIVITY; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; ESTROGEN REGULATION; TITANIUM IMPLANTS; MATRIX PRODUCTION; IN-VITRO; CELLS; ROUGHNESS AB Titanium (Ti) surfaces with rough microtopographies enhance osteogenic differentiation, local factor production, and response to osteogenic agents in vitro and increase pullout strength of dental implants in vivo. Estrogens regulate bone formation, resorption, and remodeling in females and may be important in implant success. Here, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen modulates osteoblast response to implant surface morphology. Primary female human osteoblasts were cultured to confluence on three Ti surfaces (pretreatment, PT - R(a) 0.60 mum; sandblasted and acid-etched, SLA - R(a) 3.97 mum; and Ti plasma-sprayed, TPS - R(a) 5.21 mum) and treated for 24 h with 10(-7) or 10(-8) M 17beta-estradiol (E(2)). Cell number decreased with increasing surface roughness, but was not sensitive to E, Alkaline phosphatase specific activity of isolated cells and cell layer lysates was lower on rough surfaces. E, increased both parameters on smooth surfaces, whereas on rough surfaces, the stimulatory effect of E, on alkaline phosphatase was evident only when measuring cell layer lysates. Osteocalcin levels were higher in the conditioned media of cells grown on rough surfaces; E, had no effect in cultures on the plastic surfaces, but increased osteocalcin production on all Ti surfaces. TGF-beta1 and PGE(2) production was increased on rough surfaces, and E(2) augmented this effect in a synergistic manner; on smooth surfaces, there was no change in production with E, The response of osteoblasts to surface topography was modulated by E, On smooth surfaces, E(2) affected only alkaline phosphatase, but on rough surfaces, E(2) increased levels of osteocalcin, TGF-beta1, and PGE(2). These results show that normal adult human fen-tale osteoblasts are sensitive to surface microtopography and that E(2) can alter this response. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Orthopaed, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Basel, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Orthopaed, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM BoyanB@uthscsa.edu OI Dean, David/0000-0002-4512-9065 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05937, DE08603] NR 47 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 62 IS 2 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1002/jbm.10290 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 589JH UT WOS:000177754800007 PM 12209940 ER PT J AU Qu, LW Martin, RB Huang, WJ Fu, KF Zweifel, D Lin, Y Sun, YP Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Gord, JR Allard, LF AF Qu, LW Martin, RB Huang, WJ Fu, KF Zweifel, D Lin, Y Sun, YP Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Gord, JR Allard, LF TI Interactions of functionalized carbon nanotubes with tethered pyrenes in solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION; CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION; 1,3-DI(1-PYRENYL)PROPANE; DECAY; FLUORESCENCE; POLYMER; MONOMER AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were functionalized by oligomeric species containing derivatized pyrenes. Absorption and emission properties of the pyrene moieties tethered to the functionalized SWNTs were studied in homogeneous solution. The absorption spectra suggest no significant ground-state complexation between the pyrenes and nanotubes. The fluorescence and fluorescence excitation results show that the tethered pyrenes form "intramolecular" (intra-nanotube) excimers and that the excimer formation is predominantly dynamic in nature. The time-resolved fluorescence results show that the pyrene monomer and excimer emissions are significantly quenched by the attached SWNTs. The quenching is explained in terms of a mechanism in which carbon nanotubes serve as acceptors for excited-state energy transfers from the tethered pyrene moieties. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 38 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 17 BP 8089 EP 8094 DI 10.1063/1.1510745 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 604MN UT WOS:000178625500032 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Jefferson fracture SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 415 EP 416 AR PII S0736-4679(02)00580-2 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00580-2 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 624LP UT WOS:000179761400021 PM 12480027 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Incidental finding of nonaccidental trauma in a patient reportedly found unconscious SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 417 EP 418 AR PII S0736-4679(02)00581-4 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00581-4 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 624LP UT WOS:000179761400022 PM 12480028 ER PT J AU Adams, BJ Byrd, JE AF Adams, BJ Byrd, JE TI Interobserver variation of selected postcranial skeletal measurements SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 19-24, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; interobserver variation; osteometrics; skeletal measurements; validity; reliability; human osteology; forensic anthropology ID ANTHROPOMETRY; RELIABILITY; TIBIA AB Osteometric data are of great importance for analytical purposes in the field of forensic anthropology, and it is critical that interobserver concordance is high in order for the results of these analyses to be reliable. Significant interobserver variation of skeletal measurements is cause for concern since it may result in conflicting conclusions. The range of interobserver variation of selected posteranial measurements is addressed. Thirteen standard measurements familiar to most forensic anthropologists were examined, as well as nine nonstandard measurements that were unfamiliar to most participants in the study. Sixty-eight individuals participated in the study, the majority of whom considered themselves to be forensic anthropologists with various levels of experience. In general, interobserver variation of the tested standard posteranial measurements was found to be minimal, with the exception of pubis length and subtrochanteric femur measurements. The difficulties that can lead to measurement error are discussed and possible solutions are recommended. C1 USA, CILHI, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Adams, BJ (reprint author), USA, CILHI, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1193 EP 1202 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 613BM UT WOS:000179111100001 PM 12455639 ER PT J AU Moore, CE Davis, BD Leney, MD AF Moore, CE Davis, BD Leney, MD TI Analysis of pilot-related equipment and archaeological strategy in the recovery of aircrew losses from the Vietnam war SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; forensic archaeology; aircraft crash; life-support equipment; human remains; US Army Central Identification Laboratory; Hawaii ID HUMAN REMAINS; SOFT-TISSUE; DEATH; DECOMPOSITION; ARTIFACTS AB Determining the location and distribution of cockpit and aircrew-relatcol equipment within the wider debris field of a military aircraft crash site is an essential first step in planning and executing the recovery of missing aircrew members presumed still to be on the site. Understanding the spatial relationship of these materials improves the likelihood of finding and recovering the remains of the aircrew during die excavation of an aircraft crash site. Since the greater portion of these unaccounted for crew members were involved in aircraft with single-seat cockpits or cockpits with two or three seats in tandem, pre-analysis of the debris pattern may be more-or-less straight fonward. Larger, multiple-personnel aircraft, on the other hand, create a potentially more complex analytical situation given the aircrew's greater freedom of movement within the aircraft. Nevertheless, the same fundamental principles apply and, indeed, have been successfully so for some time in the civilian arena. But older aircraft crash sites, i.e., those dating to World War It, Korea, or the Vietnam conflict, have been and still are undergoing taphonomic processes that progressively alter these relationships. The following will illustrate that exchange of information between the anthropologist/archacologist and the life-support analyst is required to maximize the effectiveness of field recovery and demonstrates the relationship between the recovery of life-support equipment and human remains and the effect that aircraft type has on this relationship. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Naga Res Grp, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Moore, CE (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1214 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 613BM UT WOS:000179111100003 PM 12455641 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Hunton, DE Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO AF Viggiano, AA Hunton, DE Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO TI In situ measurements of hydrogen cyanide in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere during Arctic spring 2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE hydrogen cyanide; CIMS; volume mixing ratio; mixing ratio; altitude profile; in situ ID SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; HCN; EMISSIONS; NORTHERN; SPECTRA; C2H6; HNO3; CO AB [1] The first calibrated in situ measurements of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere were made during the March 2000 deployment of the SAGE III-Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) campaign. The measurements were made from the NASA DC-8 aircraft flying at cruise altitudes between 10 and 12.5 km in the northern polar region. The average HCN volume mixing ratio was found to be 280 +/- 48 (1sigma) pptv. No concentration gradient was observed between tropospheric and stratospheric air, and no HCN emissions from the Mount Hekla volcano were found. A very slight increase in mixing ratio with altitude was detected, although it is within the uncertainty in the data. The altitude dependence agrees with recent model calculations. The measurements agree with the most recent concentrations derived from total column densities but are higher than earlier measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 108 IS D5 AR 8304 DI 10.1029/2001JD001033 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643PR UT WOS:000180870100009 ER PT J AU McHarg, MG Haaland, RK Moudry, D Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC AF McHarg, MG Haaland, RK Moudry, D Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC TI Altitude-time development of sprites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sprites; altitude; time; energy; speed; streamer ID RED SPRITES; PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; LOWER IONOSPHERE; ELVES; VIDEO; IDENTIFICATION; IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN AB [1] Data from sprites using a 16-channel, multi-anode photometer (MAP) have been recorded at 0.1 ms resolution. The majority of the sprites have onsets at an altitude of 70-75 km and subsequently propagate both upward and downward from this initial altitude. The statistical lifetime of the emissions measured by the blue-sensitive MAP is approximately 1.3 ms. The velocities of propagation are between 10(7) and 10(8) m s(-1), with larger velocities being measured at higher altitudes. The larger propagation velocities of the upward and downward sprite luminosity channels are consistent with the characteristics of highly over-voltage streamers in the mesosphere. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Divide, CO 80814 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McHarg, MG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Divide, CO 80814 USA. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS A11 AR 1364 DI 10.1029/2001JA000283 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634UU UT WOS:000180360500031 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Lester, M Cowley, S Milan, S Denig, WF Lybekk, B Trondsen, E Vorobjev, V AF Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Lester, M Cowley, S Milan, S Denig, WF Lybekk, B Trondsen, E Vorobjev, V TI Multistage substorm expansion: Auroral dynamics in relation to plasma sheet particle injection, precipitation, and plasma convection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE substorm; aurora; plasma convection; plasma sheet injections; poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs); bursty bulk flows (BBFs) ID MAGNETOTAIL WAVE-GUIDE; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; EARTHWARD FLOW BURSTS; HIGH-SPEED FLOWS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORM; INNER MAGNETOTAIL; POLEWARD BOUNDARY; ALFVEN WAVES; BULK FLOWS; INTENSIFICATIONS AB [1] We present observations of the auroral expansions during two substorms, focusing on multistage intensifications and the morphology of the poleward boundary, and relate these auroral observations to the local plasma convection and plasma sheet dynamics. The observations are made by meridian scanning photometers and an all-sky camera (ASC) at Ny Alesund, Svalbard (76degrees magnetic latitude (MLAT)), an ASC in Lovozero, Russia (64degrees MLAT), the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer chain in Svalbard and Scandinavia, the HYDRA instrument on Polar located at the inner edge of the plasma sheet, particle detectors on DMSP F13 and DMSP F14 traversing the ionospheric projection of the plasma sheet, and the CUTLASS Finland HF radar. In each substorm the aurora between 70degrees and 80degrees MLAT consisted of two branches separated by similar to5degrees in MLAT. The higher-latitude branch (at similar to75degrees-78degreesMLAT) was subject to a sequence of short-lived (similar to1-2 min) intensifications, so-called "poleward boundary intensifications" (PBIs), recurring at similar to3-min intervals. Subsequent to each brightening, auroral forms traveled equatorward at a speed of similar to1.0-1.5 km s(-1). On Polar the PBIs are related on a one-to-one basis with injections of electrons in the 5- to 20-keV energy range at the inner edge of the equatorial plasma sheet with predominantly a trapped distribution, delayed by similar to5 min. Electron precipitation within 60degrees-77degrees MLAT, corresponding to a large radial extent of the plasma sheet, is documented by DMSP flights in the 1800-2000 magnetic local time (MLT) sector. In discussing the branches of the high-latitude aurora within the context of current understanding of the relation of bursty bulk flows to substorm expansion phase dynamics, we note the following: (1) the initial auroral breakup located at 63degrees-64degrees MLAT near the equatorward edge of plasma sheet precipitation, which was followed by (2) two successive brightenings/auroral expansions appearing within 72degrees-74degrees MLAT/similar to2100 MLT, separated by 14 min, (3) a 20-min-long brightening sequence in the poleward auroral branch (75degrees-78degrees MLAT), consisting of six discrete events (PBIs) within the boundary plasma sheet precipitation, and (4) the presence of auroral vortex motion/strong field-aligned current sheets in some of these PBIs, which were accompanied by (5) electron injections at the inner edge of the plasma sheet, (6) brightenings of the lower-latitude auroral branch when equatorward moving auroral forms (EMAFs/streamers) arrive there, and (7) localized bursts of equatorward ionospheric convection at speeds of 0.5-1 km s(-1) in the latitude range of the EMAFs/streamers. The documented associations between PBIs/EMAFs, plasma sheet injections, and the local convection events are explained in terms of a substorm scenario involving bursty bulk flows in the late expansion phase. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Polar Geophys Inst, Kola, Russia. RP Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no RI Vorobjev, Vyacheslav/A-5957-2017 OI Vorobjev, Vyacheslav/0000-0001-5377-2977 NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS A11 AR 1342 DI 10.1029/2001JA900116 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634UU UT WOS:000180360500009 ER PT J AU Starks, MJ AF Starks, MJ TI Effects of HF heater-produced ionospheric depletions on the ducting of VLF transmissions: A ray tracing study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE VLF ducting; HF heating ID WHISTLER-MODE SIGNALS; PROPAGATION; PERTURBATIONS; WAVES AB [1] Comprehensive three-dimensional ray tracing studies suggest that local large-scale ionospheric density perturbations caused by the HF heater at Arecibo significantly affect the amount of power from upgoing 28.5 kHz VLF transmissions that couples into plasmaspheric ducts on nearby magnetic field lines. Large density depletions can perturb the ray paths of upgoing VLF to enhance or reduce the total power in a local duct. Under certain conditions, ducted power may be enhanced up to 13 dB or attenuated up to 18 dB. The dependence of this effect on the location and cross-L drift of plasmaspheric ducts and the depth of the heater-induced depletion may explain the difficulty in obtaining consistent experimental observations. Nongeometrical optics effects from the heating and resultant structures on VLF propagation may also affect the dueled power distribution but are outside the scope of ray tracing analysis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Starks, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS A11 AR 1336 DI 10.1029/2001JA009197 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634UU UT WOS:000180360500003 ER PT J AU Grundmann, M Ledentsov, NN Hopfer, F Heinrichsdorff, F Guffarth, F Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Kovsh, AR Maximov, MV Musikhin, YG Alferov, ZI Lott, JA Zhakharov, ND Werner, P AF Grundmann, M Ledentsov, NN Hopfer, F Heinrichsdorff, F Guffarth, F Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Kovsh, AR Maximov, MV Musikhin, YG Alferov, ZI Lott, JA Zhakharov, ND Werner, P TI Long-wavelength quantum-dot lasers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Workshop on Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy CY JUN 10-13, 2001 CL N E WALES INST, WREXHAM, WALES HO N E WALES INST ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS AB Quantum dots (QD) of (InGaAs/GaAs) on GaAs substrate with long-wavelength emission (1300 nm) have been fabricated using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)for use in surface-emitting laser diodes. QDs are obtained by employing two different approaches, seeding and overgrowth with a quantum well, yielding similar recombination spectra. Despite the shift to long wavelengths, a large separation (greater than or equal to 80 meV) between excited states is maintained. The introduction of such QDs into a vertical cavity leads to a strong narrowing of the emission spectrum. Lasing from 1300-nm QD VCSEL is reported. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Max Planck Inst Mikrostrukturphys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. RP Grundmann, M (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Inst Expt Phys 2, Linnestr 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Maximov, Mikhail/A-8562-2014; Grundmann, Marius/D-4229-2012 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; Grundmann, Marius/0000-0001-7554-182X NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 IS 11 BP 643 EP 647 DI 10.1023/A:1020610109933 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 604KF UT WOS:000178619300003 ER PT J AU Mundt, DJ Dell, LD Luippold, RS Sulsky, SI Skillings, A Gross, R Cox, KL Mundt, KA AF Mundt, DJ Dell, LD Luippold, RS Sulsky, SI Skillings, A Gross, R Cox, KL Mundt, KA TI Cause-specific mortality among Kelly Air Force Base civilian employees, 1981-2001 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP DATA; BREAST-CANCER; WORKERS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; WOMEN AB In response to concerns about occupational and environmental exposures, and a perceived cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the community, the mortality experience among 31,811 civilian employees who worked for at least 1 year between 1981 and 2000 at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas was ascertained. A total of 3264 deaths occurred through October 31, 2001. Overall, significant deficits. in mortality were observed for all causes of death and all cancers combined. An excess of breast cancer [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 216; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 128-341] among blue-collar women was identified, and remained elevated after adjusting for race and ethnicity [rate ratio (RR) = 2.83; 95 % CI = 1.50-5.34]. Mortality from motor neuron disease, which includes ALS deaths, was not increased overall (SMR = 0.98; 95 % CI = 0.52-1.68), and was lower among blue-collar employees and higher among white-collar employees than expected, based on small numbers. Overall, mortality patterns indicated a healthy worker population and no large increased mortality associated with employment at Kelly Air force Base. C1 USAF, Inst Environment Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, AFIERA RSR, Risk Assessment Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Appl Epidemiol Inc, Amherst, MA USA. RP Cox, KL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environment Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, AFIERA RSR, Risk Assessment Div, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 44 IS 11 BP 989 EP 996 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000038329 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 615ZM UT WOS:000179277300003 PM 12448350 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tham, CL AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tham, CL TI Comparison of one-dimensional and two-dimensional axisymmetric approaches to the thermomechanical response caused any ultrashort laser heating SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ultrashort laser heating; micro-scale thermomechanics; two-step heat conduction; hot-electron blast force; metal films; axisymmetric model ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION; THERMAL-STRESSES; BOUNDARY; METALS; WAVES; THERMOELASTICITY; ABLATION; PULSES; FILMS AB A micro-scale, ultrafast, axisymmetric thermoelasticity model is developed to investigate the thermomechanical response of metal films caused by ultrashort-pulsed laser heating. The proposed model covers (1) the dual-hyperbolic two-step heating process in heat transport, (2) the coupling effect between lattice temperature and strain rate, and (3) the hot-electron blast effect in momentum transfer. The coupled, transient thermoelasticity equations are solved with a non-conventional finite-difference algorithm. Numerical analysis is performed for gold films heated by a Gaussian laser pulse. The results, including the hot-electron blast force, lattice temperature and thermal stresses, are presented. In addition, the credibility of the simplified one-dimensional model is examined. C1 USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 BP 650 EP 661 AR PII S1464-4258(02)39278-X DI 10.1088/1464-4258/4/6/309 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 629VK UT WOS:000180072200009 ER PT J AU Wang, TS Chen, YS Liu, JW Myrabo, LN Mead, FB AF Wang, TS Chen, YS Liu, JW Myrabo, LN Mead, FB TI Advanced performance modeling of experimental laser lightcraft SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibits CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID RADIATION TRANSPORT; FORMULATION; PROPULSION; VEHICLES AB A computational plasma aerodynamics model is developed to study the performance of a laser-propelled lightcraft. The computational methodology is based on a time-accurate, multi-dimensional, finite volume, chemically reacting, unstructured grid pressure-based formulation. The underlying physics are modeled using a building-block approach. The physics modeled include nonequilibrium thermodynamics, nonequilibrium air-plasma finite rate kinetics, specular ray tracing, laser beam energy absorption and refraction by plasma, nonequilibrium plasma radiation, and plasma resonance. A series of transient computations are performed at several laser pulse energy levels and the simulated physics are discussed and compared with those of tests and literatures. The computed impulses and coupling coefficients for the lightcraft compared reasonably well with those of tests conducted on a pendulum apparatus. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Appl Fluid Dynam Grp, Space Transportat Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Engn Sci Inc, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Aerosp Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Wang, TS (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Appl Fluid Dynam Grp, Space Transportat Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1138 DI 10.2514/2.6054 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 617UT UT WOS:000179379800001 ER PT J AU Roberts, CS Davila, JN Hushek, SG Tillett, ED Corrigan, TM AF Roberts, CS Davila, JN Hushek, SG Tillett, ED Corrigan, TM TI Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the subacromial space in the impingement sign positions SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SHOULDER; WIDTH AB External shoulder impingement is commonly diagnosed by passively moving the shoulder into various positions of elevation and internal rotation in order to perform impingement sign maneuvers. There is a lock of agreement among clinicians regarding the positions of the anatomic structures in the subacromial space when these maneuvers ore performed. The purpose of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging to identify and measure the changes in anatomic structures in the subacromial space as the arm was moved from complete rest to 160degrees of forward flexion during the Neer and Hawkins impingement sign maneuvers. Ten subjects with normal shoulders (mean age, 32 years) were studied. The acromiohumeral interval was smallest with the arm at the side (mean, 6.4 mm) and progressively increased as the arm was elevated from 900 to 1600 (mean, 7.7-14.2 mm). In no instance was the rotator cuff found to be in contact with the anterior acromion. The rotator cuff insertion appeared to be in closest proximity to the anteroinferior acromion, not at full elevation (Neer sign position), but at 900 of flexion (Hawkins sign position). Our data suggest that a clinically positive Hawkins sign is consistent with external shoulder impingement. Clinical suspicion that mechanisms other than impingement may be involved, particularly if the Neer impingement sign is also positive, is nonetheless advised. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Norton Hosp, Intraoperat Magnet Resonance Imaging, Louisville, KY USA. Jewish Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Louisville, KY USA. USAF, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Seoul, South Korea. RP Roberts, CS (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sch Med, HSC-ACB 3rd Floor Bridge, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 595 EP 599 DI 10.1067/mse.2002.127095 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 627ET UT WOS:000179920800010 PM 12469085 ER PT J AU Namjoshi, SA Mall, S Jain, VK Jin, O AF Namjoshi, SA Mall, S Jain, VK Jin, O TI Effects of process variables on fretting fatigue crack initiation in Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fretting; fatigue; titanium; critical plane based parameters; crack initiation; process volume; friction ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; CONTACT AB A fretting fatigue crack initiation mechanism (number of cycles, location and orientation angle) using critical plane based parameters has been addressed by several researchers. There are several process variables that can affect these parameters and thereby the prediction of fretting fatigue crack initiation behaviour. Effects of two such parameters, viz. process volume and the coefficient of friction, were investigated in this work. Fretting fatigue experiments with a titanium alloy were conducted with different contact pad geometries. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to obtain a stress state in specimens for the experimental conditions used during fretting fatigue tests. Analysis was carried out for two values of the coefficient of friction, thereby providing a framework for calculation of several critical plane based multiaxial fatigue parameters for different process volumes. A program was developed to compute these multiaxial fatigue parameters from the FEA data for different values of process variables. It was observed that parameters for cylindrical pad geometries with no singularity-type behaviour were inversely proportional to the size of process volume and directly proportional to the coefficient of friction. There was no change in the predicted orientation of the primary crack for this geometry, due to variations in these process variables. Parameters for flat-pad geometries with behaviour approaching that of a singularity were also inversely proportional to the size of process volume, but the coefficient of friction had a minimal effect on their values. Predicted orientation of the primary crack for these geometries changed slightly when the process volume increased from that of a grain size of the tested material to a larger size, and then did not change with the increase of process volume size. Overall, the effect of these process variables on the critical plane based parameters was similar in all five contact geometries used in this study, when the scatter in fatigue data is kept in mind. Finally, the modified shear stress range parameter satisfactorily predicted the crack initiation location, orientation angle and number of cycles to fretting fatigue crack initiation independent of the contact geometry for a given process volume size and coefficient of friction. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY,Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate,MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY,Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 535 EP 547 DI 10.1243/030932402320950143 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 625NY UT WOS:000179823600007 ER PT J AU Smith, SB Libow, LF Elston, DM Bernert, RA Warschaw, KE AF Smith, SB Libow, LF Elston, DM Bernert, RA Warschaw, KE TI Gloves and socks syndrome: Early and late histopathologic features SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Dermatol ID PAPULAR-PURPURIC GLOVES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION; VIRUS INFECTION; PETECHIAL GLOVE AB Background. Gloves and socks syndrome (GSS) is a recently described exanthem, most commonly caused by parvovirus B19. Objective: Our purpose was to describe both early and late histopathologic features of GSS. Methods: We performed histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens from a case of GSS and reviewed all the English-language literature reports of GSS to compare the reported histologic descriptions. Results: A total of 46 cases of GSS have been reported in the English-language literature. In 18 of those, the pathologic features were described. The histologic features of the current case evolved from a nonspecific superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate to a vacuolar interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes, erythrocyte extravasation, and a superficial perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate. Conclusion: Early lesions of GSS show nonspecific features common to viral exanthems. The late features, of a fully evolved exanthem, demonstrate a vacuolar interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes, a superficial perivascular and interstitial infiltrate, and dermal hemorrhage. These late pathologic features, together with the clinical appearance of GSS, may help distinguish it from other entities. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Mayo Clin, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Smith, SB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 47 IS 5 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.124612 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 609FM UT WOS:000178893000015 PM 12399769 ER PT J AU Kerans, RJ Hay, RS Parthasarathy, TA Cinibulk, MK AF Kerans, RJ Hay, RS Parthasarathy, TA Cinibulk, MK TI Interface design for oxidation-resistant ceramic composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID FIBER-REINFORCED GLASS; SILICON-CARBIDE-FIBER; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES; PUSH-OUT TESTS; DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS AB Fiber-reinforced ceramic composites achieve high toughness through distributed damage mechanisms. These mechanisms are dependent on matrix cracks deflecting into fiber/matrix interfacial debonding cracks. Oxidation resistance of the fiber coatings often used to enable crack deflection is an important limitation for long-term use in many applications. Research on alternative, mostly oxide, coatings for oxide and non-oxide composites is reviewed. Processing issues, such as fiber coatings and fiber strength degradation, are discussed. Mechanics work related to design of crack deflecting coatings is also reviewed, and implications on the design of coatings and of composite systems using alternative coatings are discussed. Potential topics for further research are identified. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Kerans, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 352 TC 169 Z9 175 U1 10 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2599 EP 2632 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400001 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK Parthasarathy, TA Keller, KA Mah, TI AF Cinibulk, MK Parthasarathy, TA Keller, KA Mah, TI TI Porous yttrium aluminum garnet fiber coatings for oxide composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CERAMIC COMPOSITE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MONAZITE; CREEP; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; POROSITY; MATRIX AB A porous oxide fiber coating was investigated for Nextel(TM) 610 fibers in an alumina matrix. Polymeric-solution-derived yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y4Al5O12) with a fugitive carbon phase was used to develop the porous fiber coating. Ultimate tensile strengths of tows and minicomposites following heat treatments in argon and/or air were used to evaluate the effect of the porous fiber coating. The porous YAG fiber coatings did not reduce the strength of the tows when heated in argon, and they degraded tow strength by only similar to20% after heating in air at 1200degreesC for 100 h. Minicomposites containing porous YAG-coated fibers were nearly twice as strong as those containing uncoated fibers. However, after heating at 1200degreesC for 100 h, the porous YAG coatings densified to > 90%, at which point they were ineffective at protecting the fibers, resulting in identical strengths for minicomposites with and without a fiber coating. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2703 EP 2710 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400014 ER PT J AU Luo, B Mehandru, R Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Fitch, R Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Irokawa, Y AF Luo, B Mehandru, R Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Fitch, R Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Irokawa, Y TI Comparison of surface passivation films for reduction of current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURE; HEMTS; OXIDE; PERFORMANCE; INSULATOR; DEVICES; MECHANISM; DENSITY AB Three different passivation layers (SiNX, MgO, and Sc2O3) were examined for their effectiveness in mitigating surface-state-induced current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiNX produced similar to70-75% recovery of the drain-source current, independent of whether SIH4/NH3 or SiD4/ND3 plasma chemistries were employed. Both the Sc2O3 and MgO produced essentially complete recovery of the current in GaN-cap HEMT structures and similar to80-90% recovery in AlGaN-cap structures. The Sc2O3 had superior long-term stability, with no change in HEMT behavior over 5 months aging. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. RP Luo, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 149 IS 11 BP G613 EP G619 DI 10.1149/1.1512675 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 604KV UT WOS:000178620700056 ER PT J AU Brilliant, NA AF Brilliant, NA TI Stimulated Brillouin scattering in a dual-clad fiber amplifier SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODE OPTICAL FIBERS; RELAXATION OSCILLATIONS; POWER; AMPLIFICATION; NOISE; GAIN; LASER; NM AB Experimental measurements are presented of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold in a dual-clad fiber amplifier with a single-mode core and an approximation is explored for calculation of the SBS threshold and numerical solutions for the coupled differential equations. Good agreement is shown between modeled and experimental data. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Brilliant, NA (reprint author), Coherent Technol Inc, Boulder, CO USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2551 EP 2557 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.002551 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 615JJ UT WOS:000179241800004 ER PT J AU Powell, IJ Tangen, CM Miller, GJ Lowe, BA Haas, G Carroll, PR Osswald, MB White, RD Thompson, IM Crawford, ED AF Powell, IJ Tangen, CM Miller, GJ Lowe, BA Haas, G Carroll, PR Osswald, MB White, RD Thompson, IM Crawford, ED TI Neoadjuvant therapy before radical prostatectomy for clinical T3/T4 carcinoma of the prostate: 5-year followup, phase II Southwest Oncology Group study 9109 SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; neoadjuvant therapy ID ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION; CANCER AB Purpose: Several investigators have examined the role of hormonal therapy before definitive local therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer to improve outcome. We evaluated the resectability rate and clinical response rate to 16 weeks of total androgen blockage therapy for clinically locally prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy, and progression-free survival in this multi-institutional study. Materials and Methods: Southwest Oncology Group 9109 was a phase II feasibility study designed to treat patients with clinical stage C prostate cancer (T3, T4, N0 and M0). Cases were classified by stage T3 versus T4 and bulky (greater than 4 cm.) versus nonbulky (or less 4 cm.) disease. The neoadjuvant agents used were goserelin and flutamide before radical prostatectomy. Results: A total of 62 patients were accrued to the study and 1 patient was ineligible. There were 2 protocol deviations and these patients refused to undergo prostatectomy after hormonal therapy. Four patients went off protocol treatment because they were not considered surgical candidates. The racial distribution was 72% white, 20% black, 7% Hispanic and 2% Asian. Clinical stage at diagnosis was T3 in 97% and T4 in 3% of cases. Of the patients 39% were diagnosed with bulky disease. Of the 61 eligible patients 55 (90%) underwent a prostatectomy. The 5-year progression-free survival estimate was 70% (24 of 61 cases failed) and the 5-year survival estimate was 90% (11 of 61 deaths). Most of the patients in this trial would have been considered inoperable and referred to radiation oncology. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy followed by radical prostatectomy is reasonable and appropriate for clinical stage T3 prostate cancer. A progression-free and overall 5-year survival of 70% and 90%, respectively, compares favorably to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group neoadjuvant trial outcomes for this stage of prostate cancer. C1 Wayne State Univ, Med Ctr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Syracuse, NY USA. San Francisco UCOP, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Powell, IJ (reprint author), SW Oncol Grp, Operat Off, 14980 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA32102, CA04919, CA13612, CA14028, CA16385, CA20319, CA22433, CA35090, CA35176, CA35178, CA38926, CA42777, CA46113, CA46441, CA58348, CA76132]; PHS HHS [76447] NR 11 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 168 IS 5 BP 2016 EP 2019 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000034315.18704.2b PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 603LX UT WOS:000178562100030 PM 12394698 ER PT J AU Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Visconti, P Yun, F Baski, AA King, T Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Litton, CW AF Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Visconti, P Yun, F Baski, AA King, T Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Litton, CW TI Comparative study of Ga- and N-polar GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE-EPITAXY; FACE ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES; LATTICE POLARITY; INVERSION DOMAIN; DEFECT STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SURFACE; DIFFRACTION; DEPENDENCE AB We report the surface, structural, and optical properties of typical Ga- and N-polar GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The Ga-polar films were grown on AlN buffer while the N-polar films were grown on GaN buffer layers. Atomic force microscopy imaging shows that the as-grown and chemically etched Ga-polar films have a flat and pitted surface while the N-polar surface is rougher with isolated columns or islands. Transmission, electron microscopy demonstrates a low density of inversion domains in the Ga-polar films, while a much higher density of inversion domains was observed in the N-polar films. X-ray diffraction curves show a narrower (002) peak for Ga-polar films than that for N-polar films. On the other hand, both Ga- and N-polar films show a similar width of (104) peak. Despite their rough surfaces, high density of inversion domains, and broader (002) x-ray diffraction peaks, N-polar films with low dislocation density were demonstrated. In addition, higher PL efficiency for the N-polar films than that for the Ga-polar films was observed. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. CNR, Ist Studio Nouvi Mat Elettron, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Huang, D (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; VISCONTI, PAOLO/L-7214-2015; OI VISCONTI, PAOLO/0000-0002-4058-4042; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 26 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2256 EP 2264 DI 10.1116/1.1518969 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300016 ER PT J AU Bratton, RL Montero, DP Adams, KS Novas, MA McKay, TC Hall, LJ Foust, JG Mueller, MB O'Brien, PC Atkinson, EJ Maurer, MS AF Bratton, RL Montero, DP Adams, KS Novas, MA McKay, TC Hall, LJ Foust, JG Mueller, MB O'Brien, PC Atkinson, EJ Maurer, MS TI Effect of "ionized" wrist bracelets on musculoskeletal pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article AB Objective: To assess objectively the perceived benefits of wearing an "ionized" wrist bracelet to treat muscle or joint pain. Subjects and Methods: This study was performed at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla, in 2000 and 2001. In a randomized; double-blind design, 305 participants wore an ionized bracelet and 305 wore a placebo bracelet for 4 weeks. For each location where pain was present at baseline participants rated the intensity of pain. Followup ratings were made after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of wearing the bracelet. Two primary end points were defined for evaluating efficacy. The first was the change at 4-week follow-up (day 28) in the pain score at the location with the highest baseline value (maximum pain score). The second was the change at 4-week follow-up in the sum of the pain scores for all locations. Results: Analysis of the data showed significant improvement in pain scores in both groups, but no differences were observed between the group wearing the placebo bracelet and the group wearing the ionized bracelet. Conclusion: The finding that subjective improvement in pain scores was equivalent with ionized and placebo bracelet use questions the benefit of using an ionized bracelet. New treatments in alternative medical therapy must be shown to be effective through vigorous, unbiased, objective testing before physicians acknowledge potential benefits or recommend these treatments to patients. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Mayo Clin, Div Res Serv, Clin Studies Unit, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Biostat, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USAF, Med Corps, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bratton, RL (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1164 EP 1168 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 613GW UT WOS:000179125400004 PM 12440551 ER PT J AU Folio, L Hanson, E Chao, S AF Folio, L Hanson, E Chao, S TI Generalizability of US Air Force studies: 1990 and 2000 demographic distribution comparison of US active duty air force personnel and the US general population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSES; MILITARY AB A cross population comparison of U.S. Air Force active duty personnel data and U.S. general population estimates from 1990 and 2000 was conducted to compare "nonmodifiable" modifiers (sex, age, and race/ethnicity distributions). Two focus areas for the study were a determination of generalizability for Air Force studies using these modifiers and a discussion of limitations on comparisons between the populations. The populations were stratified by sex and then by age and race separately. Overall, the Air Force has a younger population, a higher percentage of men, and a similar rank order for race/ethnicity distributions (except for Hispanic men in 2000). When race was stratified by sex, the Air Force has a higher percentage of black women, which increased from 1990 to 2000. This baseline research should benefit future genetic epidemiologic research in determining susceptibility or disease predisposition in a large population sample that is similar to the U.S. general population. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med Grad Educ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Prevent Hlth Serv Assessment, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Folio, L (reprint author), 60th AMDS,Room 1C380-1,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 167 IS 11 BP 911 EP 919 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EE UT WOS:000181421600011 PM 12448617 ER PT J AU Likos, AM Neville, J Gaydos, JC AF Likos, AM Neville, J Gaydos, JC TI Influenza outbreak and response preparedness in the Air National Guard SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; VIRUS AB A 1997 influenza outbreak with a high case fatality rate reminded public health officials of the serious nature of this disease. Civilian authorities worldwide have initiated planning in preparation for another pandemic, possibly of the magnitude observed in 1918. Military agencies have also begun pandemic preparation. However, planning for influenza outbreaks in the Air National Guard (ANG) has not received a high priority. Through interviews and document reviews, we examined the current policies and procedures of the ANG in relation to influenza surveillance, outbreak response, vaccination, and use of antiviral drugs. Deployment and demographic data were studied and indicated ANG populations were at risk for infection with and dissemination of novel influenza strains. Pandemic planning in the ANG must be given a higher priority, to include initiating laboratory-based surveillance, enhancing communication and coordination with other public health authorities, and considering the potential use of antiviral drugs. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Likos, AM (reprint author), 175th Med Squadron,175 Wing, Baltimore, MD 21220 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 167 IS 11 BP 929 EP 933 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EE UT WOS:000181421600015 PM 12448621 ER PT J AU Sun, YQ Gu, XM Hazzledine, PM AF Sun, YQ Gu, XM Hazzledine, PM TI The mean-field stress due to uniformly distributed shear dislocation loops in a finite sample SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY AB For a sample containing uniformly distributed shear dislocation loops, there is an interaction between the loops. In this paper the mean value of the interaction stress in a spherical sample is determined. For the constrained sample, the mean stress in the matrix is found using the Burgers equation; the stress inside the dislocation loops is found by approximating the dislocation loops as nearly flat sheared ellipsoids. For the relaxed sample, the image stress is used to render the sample surface traction-free. The net mean-field matrix stress in the sample is Gnbhrpi(2) (2 - v)/8(1 - v), where G is the shear modulus, r the loop radius, n the loop concentration, b the magnitude of the Burgers vector and h the glide plane spacing. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sun, YQ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 10 IS 6 BP 611 EP 616 AR PII S0965-0393(02)39236-2 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/10/6/302 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 616GR UT WOS:000179296500004 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Stringer, SJ Agarwal, G Jones, SE Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Stringer, SJ Agarwal, G Jones, SE Stone, MO TI Biomimetic synthesis and patterning of silver nanoparticles SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICA; PEPTIDES; RECOGNITION; LIBRARY C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Agarwal, Gunjan/E-2616-2011 NR 22 TC 629 Z9 636 U1 31 U2 251 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 1 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1038/nmat758 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LQ UT WOS:000181498700020 PM 12618805 ER PT J AU Moseman, CP Shelton, S AF Moseman, CP Shelton, S TI Permanent blindness as a complication of pregnancy-induced hypertension SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREECLAMPSIA; ECLAMPSIA AB BACKGROUND: Visual disturbances are common symptoms of preeclampsia, but blindness remains a rare phenomenon. CASE: A 21-year-old secundagravida was admitted at 35 4/7 weeks' gestation with a diagnosis of preeclampsia. She labored on her second hospital day and underwent a cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal status. On postoperative day 1, she reported blurring of her vision that progressed rapidly to complete vision loss. Ophthalmological examination revealed ischemic retinal changes bilaterally; radiographic examination showed lesions in the lateral geniculate bodies, consistent with infarcts, as the possible etiologies of her blindness. Five months later, the patient has not regained her sight and remains legally blind. CONCLUSION: Complete amaurosis is a rare complication of pregnancy demanding immediate ophthalmological and neurological evaluation as well as radiographic studies of the brain. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Hood, TX USA. RP Moseman, CP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1100 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 100 IS 5 BP 943 EP 945 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02250-0 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02250-0 PN 1 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 610XC UT WOS:000178986400020 PM 12423857 ER PT J AU Qu, ZH Cloutier, JR AF Qu, ZH Cloutier, JR TI A new suboptimal control design for cascaded non-linear systems SO OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS LA English DT Article DE cascaded system; optimality, recursive design; Riccati equation; suboptimal control; tracking control AB A new suboptimal control design technique is proposed for a class of cascaded non-linear systems. The design is based on a forward recursive design rather than a backstepping design, and it utilizes a non-linear tracker derived using the state-dependent algebraic Riccati equation approach. The proposed design has two distinct features, First, it provides suboptimal performance with respect to a performance index that is defined in terms of the original state and control variables and thus can be prescribed. Second, the forward recursive procedure eliminates differentiation of fictitious controls (or their functions), which makes the design much simpler in applications. Due to the use of the non-linear tracker, the proposed design has the potential of producing less conservative results than non-linear servo results. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Navigat & Control Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Qu, ZH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM qu@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0143-2087 J9 OPTIM CONTR APPL MET JI Optim. Control Appl. Methods PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 303 EP 328 DI 10.1002/oca.715 PG 26 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 629YZ UT WOS:000180081500001 ER PT J AU Thomas, RF Monacci, WT Mair, EA AF Thomas, RF Monacci, WT Mair, EA TI Endoscopic image-guided transethmoid pituitary surgery SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID ENDONASAL TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY; TECHNICAL NOTE; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; TRANSNASAL; EXPERIENCE; RESECTION; LESIONS; ADENOMA; SELLAR AB OBJECTIVE: We describe a new endoscopic transethmoid approach for pituitary surgery and to compare it with other surgical techniques. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eleven patients undergoing pituitary surgery from September 2000 through January 2002 underwent an image-guided endoscopic transethmoid procedure to remove pituitary tumors. Ease of approach, resection, exposure of the surgical field, and operative complications were documented. RESULTS: Endoscopic ethmoidectomy permits enhanced exposure and simplified tumor resection. The use of one nostril to stabilize the endoscope and the other to pass instruments affords a bimanual procedure that avoids the difficulty of small nares and keeping the scope fixed while exchanging instruments. Operative morbidity was low with no significant complications in this pilot study. CONCLUSIONS: This approach opens a generous operative exposure while safely allowing room to endoscopically maneuver and affords direct access should revision surgery be needed. SIGNIFICANCE: This procedure uses a technique familiar to otolaryngologists and may be used for pituitary and other skull base tumors. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 127 IS 5 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.129821 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 620PT UT WOS:000179542300007 PM 12447234 ER PT J AU Lowry, TR O'Hare, TJ AF Lowry, TR O'Hare, TJ TI Hemorrhagic thymopharyngeal duct cyst causing airway obstruction in an infant SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CERVICAL THYMIC ANOMALIES C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lowry, TR (reprint author), MCSR, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 127 IS 5 BP 467 EP 469 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.129812 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 620PT UT WOS:000179542300019 PM 12447246 ER PT J AU Alsing, SG Bauer, KW Miller, JO AF Alsing, SG Bauer, KW Miller, JO TI A multinomial selection procedure for evaluating pattern recognition algorithms SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network (ANN); classifier; evaluation; multilayer perceptron (MLP); multinomial selection problem (MSP); pattern recogntion; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) ID ROC AB This paper introduces a multinomial selection problem (MSP) procedure as an alternative to classification accuracy and receiver operating characteristic analysis for evaluating competing pattern recognition algorithms. This new application of MSP demonstrates increased differentiation power over traditional classifier evaluation methods when applied to three "toy" problems of varying difficulty. The MSP procedure is also used to compare the performance of statistical classifiers and artificial neural networks on three real-world classification problems. The results provide confidence in the MSP procedure as a useful tool in distinguishing between competing classifiers and providing insights on the strength of conviction of a classifier. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Pattern Recognition Society. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alsing, SG (reprint author), AF Studies & Anal Agcy, AFSSA, SACE, 1570 AF Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2397 EP 2412 AR PII S0031-3203(01)00192-3 DI 10.1016/S0031-3203(01)00192-3 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 587JG UT WOS:000177636300007 ER PT J AU Menon, VM Ram-Mohan, LR Goodhue, WD Karakashian, AS Naweed, A Gatesman, A Waldman, J AF Menon, VM Ram-Mohan, LR Goodhue, WD Karakashian, AS Naweed, A Gatesman, A Waldman, J TI Phonon engineered quantum cascade terahertz emission SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE quantum cascade; terahertz; interface phonons; intersubband ID MU-M; LASERS; INTERSUBBAND; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SCATTERING AB The observation of terahertz (THz) intersubband emission from GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade structures employing higher energy interface and barrier confined AlAs-like phonons for depopulation is reported. Emission is observed at 12.0 meV (2.9 THz) and 17.5 meV (4.2 THz) with full-width at half-maximum of 0.7 and 1.6 meV, respectively, at T=10 K from two different structures. The structures consisted of 40 periods of the quantum cascade module and relied on spatially diagonal (interwell) transition for the terahertz emission. The possibility of tuning the emission frequency using quantum confined Stark effect is also demonstrated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Submillimeter Wave Technol Lab, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Menon, VM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, EQUAD, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat POEM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD NOV PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 197 EP 201 AR PII S1386-9477(02)00553-2 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00553-2 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 617HW UT WOS:000179357100011 ER PT J AU Unangst, ET Wunder, BA AF Unangst, ET Wunder, BA TI Effects of trap retention on body composition of live meadow voles SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY TOBEC; SMALL MAMMALS; MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; LEAN MASS; BIRDS; FAT; MORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS; RODENTS; CAPTURE C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Unangst, ET (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr,Suite 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 75 IS 6 BP 627 EP 634 PG 8 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 653WM UT WOS:000181460100011 PM 12601619 ER PT J AU White, PJ Mulligan, GF AF White, PJ Mulligan, GF TI Hedonic estimates of lodging rates in the Four Corners region SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE Four Corners region; hedonic analysis; lodging rates; site; situation ID HOTEL AB In many industries, insufficient attention has been given to how location affects prices. One such industry is lodging. This article examines room rates for budget hotels and motels in four southwestern U.S. states during 1998. Using hedonic analysis, published prices are estimated for nearly 600 establishments belonging to six national chains. OLS regression uncovers how site attributes (pools, spas, and complimentary breakfasts) and situation attributes (temperature, interstate location, and specialization of the local economy) affect room rates. Prices for overnight stays during summer and winter seasons are examined. Differential effects of site and situation attributes on price heterogeneity are discussed. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP White, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 54 IS 4 BP 533 EP 543 DI 10.1111/0033-0124.00348 PG 11 WC Geography SC Geography GA 608JY UT WOS:000178843800005 ER PT J AU Mazzella, AJ Holland, EA Andreasen, AM Andreasen, CC Rao, GS Bishop, GJ AF Mazzella, AJ Holland, EA Andreasen, AM Andreasen, CC Rao, GS Bishop, GJ TI Autonomous estimation of plasmasphere content using GPS measurements SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasmasphere; TEC; GPS ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; PROTONOSPHERE AB [1] The plasmasphere (also denoted as the protonosphere) is a large toroidal domain of light ionized particles situated above the ionosphere and confined by the Earth's magnetic field. While plasmaspheric charge densities are considerably less than those of the ionosphere, the large extent of the plasmasphere can produce significant charge column densities, or total electron content (TEC), for lines-of-sight passing through the plasmasphere. A method for Self-Calibration of Range Errors (SCORE) has been developed previously both to determine combined bias calibration values for GPS receivers and satellites and to calculate absolute TEC values for the ionosphere. An enhanced SCORE process, described here, retains the "self-calibration'' feature of the original SCORE process, by not requiring any measurements beyond those performed by the GPS receiver system being calibrated. The enhanced SCORE process also determines a characteristic plasmasphere amplitude parameter, thus providing an autonomous determination of both the ionospheric and plasmaspheric TEC. Case studies for a near-equatorial site are presented, with model parameters derived from 1998 data being applied to determine ionospheric and plasmaspheric TEC for measurements made in 1999. C1 NW Res Associates Inc, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mazzella, AJ (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, 28 Charron Ave,Suite 14, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 AR 1092 DI 10.1029/2001RS002520 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 635MA UT WOS:000180402000004 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Kane, CJ Sun, L Wu, HY Moul, JW McLeod, DG Martin, DD Kusuda, L Lance, R Douglas, R Donahue, T Beat, MG Foley, J Baldwin, D Soderdahl, D Do, J Amling, CL AF Johnstone, PAS Kane, CJ Sun, L Wu, HY Moul, JW McLeod, DG Martin, DD Kusuda, L Lance, R Douglas, R Donahue, T Beat, MG Foley, J Baldwin, D Soderdahl, D Do, J Amling, CL TI Effect of race on biochemical disease-free outcome in patients with prostate cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy in an equal-access health care system: Radiation oncology report of the department of defense center for prostate disease research SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data analysis; prostate neoplasms; prostate neoplasms, therapeutic radiology ID EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; DATA-BASE REPORT; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PROGNOSTIC FACTOR; ANTIGEN VALUES; UNITED-STATES; 1989 PATTERNS; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL AB PURPOSE: To report on the first collaboration of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research concerned with the relationship between African American race and biochemical disease-free outcomes after definitive radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information from the medical records of 1,806 patients (1,349 white, 343 African American, 42 of "other" races, and 72 of "unknown" races) treated with definitive radiation therapy between 1973 and 2000 was reviewed. Patients receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy or postoperative adjuvant or salvage radiation therapy were excluded. Biochemical failure was calculated in over 96% of cases by using ASTRO criteria; patients with fewer than three follow-up visits were considered to have biochemical failure with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value more than 10-fold the previous value or with any value greater than 50.0 ng/mL. Median radiation therapy doses were similar. The median follow-up was 58.4 months. Kaplan-Meier tests, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and log-rank tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in biochemical disease-free survival according to race when patients were stratified according to T stage. African American race conferred a negative prognosis for patients with lesions of Gleason biopsy score 7 (P = .004) but not for patients with lesions of Gleason score 2-4 (P = .14), 5-6 (P = .79), or 8-10 (P = .86). Similarly, African American race conferred a negative prognosis in patients with PSA values of 20.1-50.0 ng/mL (P = .01) at presentation but not in patients with PSA values less than or equal to 4.0 ng/mL (P = .84), 4.1-10.0 ng/mL (P = .71),10.1-20.0 ng/mL (P = .75), or above 50.0 ng/mL (P = .15) at presentation. At multivariate analysis, race was not a statistically significant predictor of outcome. CONCLUSION: In the equal-access health care system of the Department of Defense, African American race is not associated with a consistently negative prognosis in patients treated with definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Race appears to confer a negative prognosis only in patients with advanced disease at presentation. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Malcolm Grow Air Force Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 225 IS 2 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1148/radiol.2252011491 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 608AG UT WOS:000178822500017 PM 12409575 ER PT J AU Clutter, JK Belk, D AF Clutter, JK Belk, D TI Simulation of detonation wave interaction using an ignition and growth model SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE detonations; kinetics; shocks; explosives AB A kinetics based detonation model has been integrated with an existing object oriented hydrocode. The model has been demonstrated to correctly predict the shock initiation of explosives and captures key features such as the von Neumann pressure spike and reaction zone. Comparisons to experimental flyer plate data for both primary and secondary class explosives have been performed and key features such as detonation wave form and resulting target disk velocities are reproduced. Simulations have also been performed representing the interaction of various mechanical waves. First, the interaction of detonation waves, a key process in energetic systems, is simulated. Next, the response of an established detonation wave to an explosive that has been preconditioned by a weak compression wave is modeled. These have been carried out to determine the utility of the existing kinetic schemes for such problems. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Computat Mech Branch, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Clutter, JK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s00193-002-0153-2 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 620BX UT WOS:000179514200010 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Gerken, M Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Tham, FS Vij, A AF Christe, KO Gerken, M Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Tham, FS Vij, A TI Tritylsulfinylamine: a new member in the family of sulfinylamines SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE triphenylmethylsulfinylamine; vibrational spectroscopy; NMR spectroscopy; crystal structure ID N-SULFINYLAMINES; NITROGEN; N-5(+); STABILITY; ISOMERS; ATOMS AB Triphenylmethyl N-sulfinylamine (trityl-NSO) was prepared from the reaction of tritylamine and SOCl2. Trityl-NSO was characterized by H-1, C-13, and N-14 NMR spectroscopy in CH2Cl2 solution and by Raman and infrared spectroscopy in the solid state. Crystals of trityl-NSO were grown. from n-heptane and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (P (1) over bar, a = 8.9642(9) Angstrom, b = 9.2135(9) Angstrom, c 11.0645 (11) Angstrom, alpha = 93.578(2)degrees, beta = 101.098(2)degrees, gamma = 118.142degrees, Z = 2, and R-int = 0.0332 at 223 K). Trityl-NSO represents the first alkyl N-sulfinylamine that has been fully structurally characterized. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Res Lab, AFRL PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1293-2558 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 4 IS 11-12 BP 1529 EP 1534 AR PII S1293-2558(02)00049-3 DI 10.1016/S1293-2558(02)00049-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 634TJ UT WOS:000180356800025 ER PT J AU Toxopeus, C Frazier, JM AF Toxopeus, C Frazier, JM TI Simulation of trichloroacetic acid kinetics in the isolated perfused rat liver using a biologically based kinetic model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE TCA; isolated perfused rat liver; kinetics; modeling; transport parameters; protein binding ID DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; MICE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; METABOLITES; INDUCTION; TOXICITY AB Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a contaminant of drinking water. It induces peroxisome proliferation in livers of rats and mice and is hepatocarcinogenic in the latter species. Previous experimental studies of the kinetics of TCA in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) at two doses have been reported. To gain more insight into the mechanistic processes controlling TCA kinetics in the liver a biologically based kinetic (BBK) model for the IPRL was used to analyze the experimental data. The IPRL was exposed to 25, 250, or 1000 muM TCA for 2 h in a recirculating perfusion system. These doses were not cytotoxic. The BBK model simulated the TCA concentration in perfusion medium and liver, and the biliary excretion of TCA. Separate protein binding studies showed that over 90% of TCA was bound to albumin in the perfusion medium whereas binding in liver homogenate was much lower. Integrating the information on protein binding into the BBK model, the hepatic uptake of TCA and its biliary excretion could be fitted assuming asymmetrical saturable transport at the sinusoidal membrane and linear transport at the bile canalicular membrane. To validate the BBK model, additional washout experiments were conducted in which the perfusion medium was replaced with TCA-free medium after 30 min of exposure of the liver to 1000 muM TCA. This approach illustrates the usefulness of BBK modeling for analyzing experimental kinetic data and gaining insight in kinetic mechanisms controlling the behavior of a chemical in the liver. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AGRL HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. McLaughlin Res Inst, Great Falls, MT 59405 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AGRL HEST, Bldg 79,2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1093/toxsci/70.1.27 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 608AQ UT WOS:000178823300005 PM 12388832 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Zabinski, RS AF Patton, ST Zabinski, RS TI Advanced tribometer for in situ studies of friction, wear, and contact condition - Advanced tribometer for friction and wear studies SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tribometer; in situ measurements; friction and wear mechanisms; contact mechanics ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION TECHNIQUES; SLIDING FRICTION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; RESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINUM; CERAMICS; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR; NITRIDE AB An advanced ball-on-disk tribometer was developed for in situ studies of friction, wear, and contact condition during sliding. Kinetic friction force, contact resistance (R-c), acoustic emission (AE), ball position perpendicular (perpendicular to) to the plane of the disk (ball and disk wear), and disk surface reflectance (disk wear) were all measured simultaneously during sliding experiments. Metal (440C steel) balls were slid against ceramic (n-doped polysilicon) wafers at light load (10 g) and short test duration (2.5 min). Significant changes in measured parameters were observed as sliding progressed. These changes are discussed, and when considered together provide new insights into friction and wear mechanisms not readily obtainable from more standard tribometers. The effects of disk run-out (effective surface waviness) on mu and R-c were also investigated. Friction and R-c were periodic with a period equal to the period of disk rotation. The behavior was complex, but generally going up a hill increased mu and decreased R-c, with the opposite behavior going down a hill. We established a critical link between low-frequency friction oscillations (LFFO) and the nature of the contact between sliding surfaces (R-c measurement). The geometric ratchet mechanism was ruled out as a cause of LFFO, as the surface slope was too small to explain the large friction oscillations. Coating the balls and wafers with lower friction materials resulted in negligible LFFO, which makes it unlikely that LFFO were simply a result of an oscillating normal force created by dynamic effects. LFFO likely have their origins in the complex nature of the contact between rubbing surfaces. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1023/A:1021063326225 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 614HU UT WOS:000179183000006 ER PT J AU Kolettis, PN Sabanegh, ES D'Amico, AM Box, L Sebesta, M Burns, JR AF Kolettis, PN Sabanegh, ES D'Amico, AM Box, L Sebesta, M Burns, JR TI Outcomes for vasectomy reversal performed after obstructive intervals of at least 10 years SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; TO-SIDE VASOEPIDIDYMOSTOMY; PREGNANCY AB Objectives. To determine the outcomes for vasectomy reversal performed after at least 10 years of obstruction. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of three surgeons' experience with microsurgical vasectomy reversal for obstructive intervals of at least 10 years. Results. The overall pregnancy rate was 37%. The patency/pregnancy rate for an obstructive interval of 10 to 15, 16 to 19, and 20 or more years was 74%/40%, 87%/36%, and 75%/27%, respectively. The overall ongoing/delivered rate was 35%. The ongoing/delivered rates equaled the pregnancy rates, except in the 16 to 19-year group, for which the ongoing/delivered rate was 27%. Assuming a live delivery rate per cycle of 25% for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the delivery rate for vasectomy reversal would not be exceeded until an obstructive interval of at least 20 years. Assuming a live delivery rate of 28.6% per cycle for ICSI with obstructive azoospermia, the delivery rate for vasectomy reversal would not be exceeded until an obstructive interval of at least 15 years. Conclusions. Even after prolonged obstructive intervals, vasectomy reversal offers better or comparable success rates to ICSI. For each center, depending on their success rates, a threshold obstructive interval exists at which ICSI surpasses vasectomy reversal. Depending on their wishes, couples who have an obstructive interval that exceeds this threshold may be better served by ICSI. As with all infertile couples, close collaboration between the urologists and gynecologists is essential to provide the most appropriate care. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Urol, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kolettis, PN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Urol, Dept Surg, 1530 3rd Ave S,MEB 606, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 2002 VL 60 IS 5 BP 885 EP 888 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01888-5 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01888-5 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 614KU UT WOS:000179188700036 PM 12429321 ER PT J AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, ME TI American voices of World War I. Primary source documents SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, USAF Academy, CO USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAF Academy, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 595AC UT WOS:000178083800010 ER PT J AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, ME TI The Doughboys, America and the First World War SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, USAF Academny, CO USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAF Academny, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 595AC UT WOS:000178083800009 ER PT J AU Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Physical properties of substituted imidazolium based ionic liquids gel electrolytes SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ionic liquid; polymer; electrolyte; lithium; composites ID MOLTEN-SALTS; TEMPERATURE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LITHIUM AB The physical properties of solid gel electrolytes of either polyvinylidene diflurohexafluoro-propylene or a combination of polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene and polyacrylic acid, and the molten salts 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and the new molten salts 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were characterized by temperature dependent ionic conductivity measurements for both the pure molten salt and of the molten salt with 0.5 M Li+ present. Ionic conductivity data indicate that for each of the molten salts, the highest concentration of molten salt allowable in a single component polymer gel was 85%, while gels composed of 90% molten salt were possible when using both polyvinylidene hexafluorophosphate and polyacrylic acid. For polymer gel composites prepared using lithium containing ionic liquids, the optimum polymer gel composite consisted of 85% of the 0.5 M Li+/ionic liquid, 12.75% polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene, and 2.25% poly (1-carboxyethylene). The highest ionic conductivity observed was for the gel containing 90% 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 9.08 mS/cm. For the lithium containing ionic liquid gels, their ionic conductivity ranged from 1.45 to 0.05 mS/cm, which is comparable to the value of 0.91 mS/cm, observed for polymer composite gels containing 0.5 M LiBF4 in propylene carbonate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 57 IS 11 BP 839 EP 846 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 634TN UT WOS:000180357300001 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Cooper, TM Fleitz, PA Glass, DJ McLean, DG AF Rogers, JE Cooper, TM Fleitz, PA Glass, DJ McLean, DG TI Photophysical characterization of a series of platinum(II)-containing phenyl-ethynyl oligomers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC OLIGOMERS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CONTAINING POLY-YNES; FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ACETYLIDE COMPLEXES; TRIPLET EXCITONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; PLATINUM AB A comprehensive photophysical study has been carried out on a series of platinum(II)-containing phenylethynyl oligomers. The compounds are composed of a platinum center attached to two tributylphosphine ligands and two ligands that vary the number of repeat phenyl-ethynyl units (-Ph-Cequivalent toC-). The objective of this work is to understand the effects of increased conjugation and the influence of the platinum on the overall electronic structure of the molecule. This was done by utilizing steady-state absorption, steady-state emission, picosecond pump-probe, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis techniques. The effect of increased conjugation is a red shift of S-0-S-1 and T-1-T-n and an increase in both the S-0-S-1 and T-1-T-n molar extinction coefficients. The spin-orbit coupling effect of platinum on the ground and excited-state properties is reduced with increased conjugation length because the S-0-S-1 transition is more localized on the ligand. As the ligand becomes larger, it takes on more. pi-pi* character and therefore is spatially further away from the platinum center. C1 Tech Management Concepts Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), Tech Management Concepts Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 42 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 43 BP 10108 EP 10115 DI 10.1021/jp021263d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 608XW UT WOS:000178873900007 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Miller, AES AF Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Miller, AES TI Electron attachment and detachment: Cyclooctatetraene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE ION; NEUTRAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; TRANSITION-STATE; SF6; DERIVATIVES; AFFINITY AB Electron attachment and detachment rate constants were measured for 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) in a He/Ar buffer gas over the temperature range 295-365 K. A flowing afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus was used for this work. Within experimental uncertainty, the electron attachment rate coefficient is independent of temperature in this range, at a value of 3.5 +/- 1.0 X 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1). The electron detachment rate is negligible at room temperature, but climbs to 995 s(-1) at 365 K. The attachment/detachment equilibrium constant implies that the electron affinity of COT is 0.57 +/- 0.03 eV, in agreement with other studies using different methods. A vertical detachment transition from the planar anion leaves COT in a planar transition state for ring inversion. G2(MP2) and density functional calculations were carried out for COT neutral, anion, dianion, and the ring inversion transition state. The G2(MP2) ring inversion barrier height compares well with the experimental result from NMR studies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. ChemMotif Inc, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 43 BP 10200 EP 10204 DI 10.1021/jp0205214 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 608XW UT WOS:000178873900018 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R Tretiak, S Chernyak, V Mukamel, S AF Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R Tretiak, S Chernyak, V Mukamel, S TI Analysis of absorption spectra of zinc porphyrin, zinc meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, and halogenated derivatives SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; REAL-SPACE ANALYSIS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; FREE-BASE; DIFFERENTIAL OVERLAP; PURPLE BACTERIA; INTERMEDIATE NEGLECT AB The absorption spectra of zinc porphyrin, zinc meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, and their beta-halogenated derivatives are calculated and analyzed using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory based on the intermediate neglect differential overlap/spectroscopic approximation (TDHF-INDO/S) to obtain the origin of the spectral shifts in color and intensity. Analysis of the spectral shifts is carried out to account for the effects of phenyl, fluoro, chloro, and bromo substituents on the spectra. The spectroscopic trends predicted by TDHF-INDO/S compare well with the more accurate time-dependent density functional theory results and with available experimental data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 43 BP 10285 EP 10293 DI 10.1021/jp020053y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 608XW UT WOS:000178873900027 ER PT J AU He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN Kannan, R Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN Kannan, R Vaia, RA Tan, LS TI Study of two-photon absorption spectral property of a novel nonlinear optical chromophore using femtosecond continuum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; CROSS-SECTIONS; DATA STORAGE; FLUORESCENCE; FLUOROPHORES; LASER; POLYDIACETYLENE; EXCITATION; MOLECULES AB The degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) spectrum has been studied for a novel organic chromophore (AF389) that exhibits extremely high TPA cross-section values around the similar to800 nm range in both nanosecond and femtosecond domains. To measure the direct degenerate TPA spectrum of AF389 in the femtosecond regime, we have developed a new technique that is based on the use of a single continuum-generation beam as an intense coherent white-light source for TPA excitation. The different spectral components of the input continuum beam are spatially dispersed and then pass the sample through different pathways so that nondegenerate TPA processes among different spectral components can be avoided. Our results show that the TPA spectrum of AF389 is different from the linear absorption spectrum on the scale of absorbing photon energy. There is a significant blue shift of the absorption peak position for the TPA spectrum with respect to the linear absorption spectrum, indicating that the transition pathways are different for the TPA and linear absorption processes. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP,Polymer Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, PN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 43 BP 11081 EP 11084 DI 10.1021/jp021426y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 608XY UT WOS:000178874100002 ER PT J AU Gordon, SJ Brady, PV AF Gordon, SJ Brady, PV TI In situ determination of long-term basaltic glass dissolution in the unsaturated zone SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weathering; basaltic glass; El Malpais; porosity ID NUCLEAR WASTE-GLASS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SILICATE DISSOLUTION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; VOLCANIC GLASS; RATES; MINERALS; 25-DEGREES-C AB Maximum in situ weathering rates of basaltic glass measured at the El Malpais National Monument in New Mexico are on the order of 2-5 X 10(-19) mol/cm(2)/s. Rates were calculated from backscattered electron (BSE) imaging of weathered porosity and are equivalent to 1.7-5% of the surface per 1000 years. Weathering is independent of glass composition but appears to increase with flow elevation at El Malpais. Measured rates represent weathering over 3000 years and are substantially lower than glass dissolution rates measured in the laboratory over much shorter time spans. Basaltic glass is a close chemical analogue to glass hosts proposed for encapsulation of high-level nuclear wastes. Radionuclide release rates predicted from the basis of in situ field rates are substantially less than those predicted from short-term laboratory experiments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, DFEG, Dept Econ & Geog, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gordon, SJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFEG, Dept Econ & Geog, HQ, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K110, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 30 PY 2002 VL 190 IS 1-4 BP 113 EP 122 AR PII S0009-2541(02)00113-4 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00113-4 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 617FB UT WOS:000179349900007 ER PT J AU Arnold, ST Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Arnold, ST Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI A combined experimental and theoretical study of sulfur oxyfluoride anion and neutral thermochemistry and reactivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; NEGATIVE-ION CHEMISTRY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BRONSTED ACIDS; FLOW TUBE; AB-INITIO; SF6; PHASE; RADICALS; SO3 AB The structure, thermochemistry, and reactivity of numerous sulfur oxyfluorides have been examined in a combined theoretical and experimental study. Calculations were carried out for SOFn=0-5, SO2Fn=0-3, SO3Fn=0-1, and their corresponding anions using the Gaussian-2 procedure. Structural parameters, standard entropies, and integrated heat capacities were calculated at the MP2(full)/6-31G(d) level of theory. Electron affinities, vertical detachment energies, fluoride affinities, neutral bond dissociation energies, and neutral and anion heats of formation were derived from the G2 total energies (0 K) and enthalpies (298 K). This comprehensive dataset of thermochemical properties for both neutrals and anions is compared to available experimental results and to previous theoretical treatments of individual S/O/F compounds. A number of significant discrepancies are noted. Using a selected ion flow tube, a series of laboratory measurements were made to test the theoretical results and to examine SOmFn- reaction kinetics, including oxidation reactions. Rate constants and product ion distributions at 298 K are reported for over 60 reactions, and reactivity trends are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Arnold, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 24 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 42 BP 9900 EP 9909 DI 10.1021/jp020557w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 607LA UT WOS:000178792000034 ER PT J AU Murdough, MP Flusche, BM Knize, RJ Zhdanov, BV AF Murdough, MP Flusche, BM Knize, RJ Zhdanov, BV TI Thermo-optical model of repetitively pumped solid-state lasers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POWER LIMITATIONS; ROD; ND; RESONATORS; STABILITY; VOLUME AB A thermo-optical model describing the cavity stability and TEM00-mode volume of a repetitively pumped solid-state laser is developed and verified experimentally. The model predicts a maximum theoretical TEM00 Gaussian-mode radius in the laser rod. This maximum mode radius is caused by a bifocusing of the cavity mode and is present even in gain-polarized materials that nominally suppress the effect of birefringence on beam polarization. The mode limitation effect is not eliminated by conventional optics and is reduced only marginally by the often-described technique of placing a second identical laser head in the cavity. A maximum mode radius implies a fundamental limit on the TEM00-mode energy that can be extracted from a given laser cavity. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Directed Energy Solut, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM matthew.murdough@kirtland.af.mil; boris.zhdanov@usafa.af.mil NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 30 BP 6385 EP 6393 DI 10.1364/AO.41.006385 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 605GF UT WOS:000178668700015 PM 12396190 ER PT J AU Moore, GT AF Moore, GT TI Binary coherent beam combination with mirror pairs SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONJUGATION; FIBER; LASERS AB A configuration of N coated mirrors or mirror pairs is described that has the potential to coherently combine 2(N) single-frequency phase-locked diffraction-limited polarized optical beams to form a single diffraction-limited beam. The application to beam combination of fiber amplifiers is discussed. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 30 BP 6399 EP 6409 DI 10.1364/AO.41.006399 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 605GF UT WOS:000178668700017 PM 12396192 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD Roble, RG AF Sharma, RD Roble, RG TI Cooling mechanisms of the planetary thermospheres: The key role of O atom vibrational excitation of CO2 and NO SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Review DE atmospheric chemistry; carbon dioxide; greenhouse effect; vibrational spectroscopy ID LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; LIMB RADIANCE; OXYGEN; RELAXATION; MODEL; MESOSPHERE; COLLISIONS; EMISSION AB Cooling due to infrared emissions from O atom excited CO2 and NO is a critically important process in the thermal budget of the terrestrial thermosphere. Increasing CO2 density due to human activity makes the role of its emission particularly worth of quantitative evaluation. Furthermore, the O atom excited 15 mum CO2 emission has a unique role in the lower thermosphere of Venus where it is the only significant cooling mechanism; it is also an important process in the Martian thermosphere. The experimental and theoretical status of these rate coefficients is reviewed and the unsatisfactory current state of knowledge is pointed out. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate VSSS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate VSSS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD OCT 18 PY 2002 VL 3 IS 10 BP 841 EP 843 DI 10.1002/1439-7641(20021018)3:10<841::AID-CPHC841>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 608FA UT WOS:000178833700002 PM 12465181 ER PT J AU Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Capano, MA AF Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Capano, MA TI Capacitance dispersion in ion implanted 4H and 6H-silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SCHOTTKY BARRIERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; BORON; ALUMINUM; 6H AB Nitrogen doped 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC epitaxial layers with net doping concentration of 1.5x10(15) cm(-3) were implanted with either Al, B, or Ar ions at 600 degreesC. The energy of the ions was 160 keV and at a dose of 2x10(16) cm(-2). After annealing at 1600 degreesC for 5-60 min, Schottky diodes were fabricated on the samples. The measured junction capacitance of ion implanted samples varies with both temperature and frequency. The thermal activation energy determined from the frequency break omega(B) ranges from 183 to 202 meV. The Ar implanted samples remain n-type and show no capacitive dispersion. Similarly, the junction capacitance of samples doped with Al does not exhibit dispersion. It is suggested that the implantation induced defects play a role in the observed dispersion. The data show that the series resistance is insignificant and does not account for the observed dispersion. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45422 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Evwaraye, AO (reprint author), AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45422 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 4465 EP 4469 DI 10.1063/1.1505692 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 599DC UT WOS:000178318000042 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Kennel, J Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Kennel, J Pachter, R TI A density functional theory study of phosphorescence and triplet-triplet absorption for nonlinear absorption chromophores SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID 2ND-ORDER PERTURBATION-THEORY; ACCURATE EXCITATION-ENERGIES; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; OPTICAL LIMITING PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB We report a systematic study of the nonlinear absorption characteristics of pi-conjugated chromophores using density functional theory (DFT), namely, the prediction of singlet-triplet splittings (S-0-T-1), vertical triplet-triplet (T-1-T-n) excitation energies, and corresponding oscillator strengths. This is a first application of DFT/time-dependent DFT to a broad range of pi-conjugated test molecules for the prediction of the T-1-T-n excitation energies and oscillator strengths and the S-0-T-1 energies, using Becke's three-parameter hybrid functional. Our results show a good agreement with experimental excitation energies and oscillator strengths. The range of errors obtained from the computed results is discussed in detail. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 113 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 15 BP 7128 EP 7136 DI 10.1063/1.1497640 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 599CV UT WOS:000178317300028 ER PT J AU Cobb, CB Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Tolliver, J Lee, E Sumption, M Collings, E Oberly, CE AF Cobb, CB Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Tolliver, J Lee, E Sumption, M Collings, E Oberly, CE TI Hysteretic loss reduction in striated YBCO SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th US-Japan Workshop on High T(c) Superonductors CY DEC 02-05, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO SP Los Alamos Lab, Superconductiv Technol Ctr DE YBCO coated conductor; ac magnetic loss; striated pattern ID TAPES AB Magnetization vs. applied field measurements (M-H loops) were taken on short samples of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin films which were divided into narrow filaments. The YBCO was deposited using pulsed laser deposition onto single-crystal LaAlO3 substrates, with a range of film thicknesses from 0.25 to 0.33 mum. Using a YAG laser, the thin films were patterned into linear striations by removing strips of the superconductor by laser ablation. The resulting striated filamentary structure serves to reduce the effective width of the YBCO films and hence the hysteresis loss in the superconducting samples. The magnetization measurements were taken over the temperature range of 4.2-77 K in applied fields of 0-17 kOe using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The measured hysteresis losses show a highly linear relationship between superconductor filament width and hysteresis loss as anticipated. However, the laser ablation process did result in the redeposition of YBCO along the edges of individual filaments. Degradation of T-c and J(c) due to the ablation process is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Cobb, CB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 2645 5th St,Ste 13, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 12 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 382 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01196-6 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01196-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617HR UT WOS:000179356700012 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, E Rovin, BH Sen, L Cooke, G Dhanda, R Mummidi, S Kulkarni, H Bamshad, MJ Telles, V Anderson, SA Walter, EA Stephan, KT Deucher, M Mangano, A Bologna, R Ahuja, SS Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Gonzalez, E Rovin, BH Sen, L Cooke, G Dhanda, R Mummidi, S Kulkarni, H Bamshad, MJ Telles, V Anderson, SA Walter, EA Stephan, KT Deucher, M Mangano, A Bologna, R Ahuja, SS Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK TI HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia are influenced by a mutant MCP-1 allele linked to increased monocyte infiltration of tissues and MCP-1 levels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chemokine; genotype; leukocyte ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENE REGULATORY REGION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN-1; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CHEMOKINE SYSTEM AB Studies in humans and in experimental models of HIV-1 infection indicate an important role for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; also known as CC chemokine ligand 2), a potent chemoattractant and activator of mononuclear phagocytes (MP) in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). We determined the influence of genetic variation in MCP-1 on HIV-1 pathogenesis in large cohorts of HIV-1-infected adults and children. In adults, homozygosity for the MCP-1-2578G allele was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of acquiring HIV-1. However, once HIV-1 infection was established, this same MCP-1 genotype was associated with accelerated disease progression and a 4.5-fold increased risk of HAD. We examined the molecular and cellular basis for these genotype-phenotype associations and found that the mutant MCP-1-2578G allele conferred greater transcriptional activity via differential DNA-protein interactions, enhanced protein production in vitro, increased serum MCP-1 levels, as well as MP infiltration into tissues. Thus, MCP-1 expression had a two-edged role in HIV-1 infection: it afforded partial protection from viral infection, but during infection, its proinflammatory properties and ability to up-regulate HIV-1 replication collectively may contribute to accelerated disease progression and increased risk of dementia. Our findings suggest that MCP-1 antagonists may be useful in HIV-1 infection, especially for HAD, and that HIV+ individuals possessing the MCP-1 -2578G allele may benefit from early initiation of antiretroviral drugs that effectively cross the blood-brain barrier. In a broader context, the MCP-1-2578G allele may serve as a genetic determinant of outcome of other disease states in which MP-mediated tissue injury is central to disease pathogenesis. C1 Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV1 Infect, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Forest Labs Inc, New York, NY 10022 USA. Hosp Pediat J P Garrahan, Serv Infectol, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Pediat J P Garrahan, Lab Biol Celular & Retrovirus, RA-1245 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ohio State Univ, Div Cardiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Div Nephrol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ahuja, SS (reprint author), Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV1 Infect, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI Mummidi, Srinivas/C-1004-2008 OI Mummidi, Srinivas/0000-0002-4068-6380 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 46326, R01 AI046326, R21 AI046326, R37 AI046326]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P01 DK 55546, P01 DK055546] NR 50 TC 206 Z9 215 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 21 BP 13795 EP 13800 DI 10.1073/pnas.202357499 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 604RW UT WOS:000178635700082 PM 12374865 ER PT J AU Ghebremichael, F AF Ghebremichael, F TI Temporal and thermal studies of charge transportation in self-assembly organic photovoltaic devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOBILITIES AB The charge transport of holes injected into organic nanostructure photovoltaic devices using the third harmonic of a pulsed infrared laser was studied. The devices were fabricated using the electrostatic self-assembly technique. From temporal and thermal time-of-flight studies, we determined the drift mobility to be in the range of 10(-7)-10(-6) cm(2)/(V s) in 120 nm thick films. A model was adopted that accounts for the Pool-Freknel type effects to characterize the devices, including the electric-field coefficient and the activation energy. Using similar techniques, fill factor of 0.34+/-0.02 at 1 mW/cm(2) intensity was determined for the devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghebremichael, F (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 16 BP 2971 EP 2973 DI 10.1063/1.1514398 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 601RB UT WOS:000178460500019 ER PT J AU Mailloux, RJ AF Mailloux, RJ TI Space-fed subarrays using displaced feed SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An antenna system with an objective lens and phase shifters at each output radiating element, combined with a multiple beam feed network, is known to provide a set of overlapped subarrays for broadband beam steering. Such systems require extremely high dynamic range from any T/R module used at the front-face of the feed. Here, it is shown that by displacing the feed array and refocusing the individual subarrays, the dynamic range and power distribution problems can be avoided. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mailloux, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 21 BP 1241 EP 1243 DI 10.1049/el:20020877 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 642AP UT WOS:000180780300004 ER PT J AU Siskaninetz, WJ Ehret, JE Dang, TN Van Nostrand, JE Lott, JA Nelson, TR AF Siskaninetz, WJ Ehret, JE Dang, TN Van Nostrand, JE Lott, JA Nelson, TR TI Reduced power consumption in GaAs-based bipolar cascade lasers SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONS AB A systematic study of GaAs tunnel junctions for use in bipolar cascade laser diodes was performed. The current voltage characteristics of individual degenerately doped n(+) and p(+) regions grown by MBE were investigated and the most promising designs were placed within the individual laser substructures. This resulted in a I V reduction in operating voltage, as verified by comparing the lasing characteristics of several edge-emitting laser devices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Siskaninetz, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 21 BP 1259 EP 1261 DI 10.1049/el:20020857 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 642AP UT WOS:000180780300016 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Beran, PS AF Pettit, CL Beran, PS TI Application of proper orthogonal decomposition to the discrete Euler equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE proper orthogonal decomposition; Euler equations; transonic ID AIRFOIL FLUTTER AB The response of a fluid moving above a panel to localized oscillation of the panel is predicted using reduced-order modelling (ROM) with the proper orthogonal decomposition technique. The flow is assumed to be inviscid and is modelled with the Euler equations. These non-linear equations are discretized with a total-variation diminishing algorithm and are projected onto an energy-optimal subspace defined by an energy-threshold criterion applied to a modal representation of time series data. Results are obtained for a bump oscillating in a Mach 1.2 flow. ROM is found to reduce the degrees of freedom necessary to simulate the flowfield by three orders of magnitude while preserving solution accuracy. Other observed benefits of ROM include increased allowable time step and robustness to variation of oscillation amplitude. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 55 IS 4 BP 479 EP 497 DI 10.1002/nme.510 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 591CF UT WOS:000177861600006 ER PT J AU Usmani, AM Donley, M AF Usmani, AM Donley, M TI Aircraft-coating weathering studies by analytical methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coatings; polyurethanes; ESCA/XPS; modeling AB We predicted the life of an aircraft coating through the characterization of slightly weathered samples. To accomplish this, we completed accelerated weathering of a flat aircraft coating in a xenon-arc weather-o-meter for 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 h. Equatorial mount with mirrors for acceleration with aqua (EMMAQUA) exposures equivalent to 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 months were also completed in this work. To determine coating-film degradation, we used electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, also known as XPS, and L*a*b* color measurement. Nonlinear regression estimations were performed on selected measurements from the test data. Two models were used. The first was the Weibull-type model. The second was a Gauss-type model that had also been used in previous work on decay processes. The second model generally provided a better fit as determined by asymptotic R-2 statistics. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy data did not produce data consistent with decay functions. The models better described the data from color change measurements and XPS. Fourier transform infrared data fit the models but not as well as XPS and color measurement. Furthermore, data from EMMAQUA exposures fit better than data from the xenon-arc weather-o-meter. In the model development work, we used single points for both measurement and exposure. The models can be refined with a high degree of predictive precision if replicates of 10 measurements and replicates of 5 exposures are performed; we plan to report these findings in the future. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 ALTEC USA, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Usmani, AM (reprint author), ALTEC USA, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 86 IS 2 BP 294 EP 313 DI 10.1002/app.10960 PG 20 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 583KX UT WOS:000177408000005 ER PT J AU Eckstein, DB AF Eckstein, DB TI F-22 spin control SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Annandale, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 157 IS 15 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 602EN UT WOS:000178492900005 ER PT J AU Sharkawy, A Shi, SY Prather, DW Soef, RA AF Sharkawy, A Shi, SY Prather, DW Soef, RA TI Electro-optical switching using coupled photonic crystal waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; BAND-STRUCTURE; MODES; PROPAGATION; SILICON; DESIGN; SLABS AB We present an electro-optical switch implemented in coupled photonic crystal waveguides. The switch is proposed and analyzed using both the FDTD and PWM methods. The device is designed in a square lattice of silicon posts in air as well as in a hexagonal lattice of air holes in a silicon slab. The switching mechanism is a change in the conductance in the coupling region between the waveguides and hence modulating the coupling coefficient and eventually switching is achieved. Conductance is induced electrically by carrier injection or is induced optically by electron-hole pair generation. Low insertion loss and optical crosstalk in both the cross and bar switching states are predicted. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensory Directorate, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sharkawy, A (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 147 Evans Hall, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM dprather@ee.udel.edu NR 33 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 20 BP 1048 EP 1059 DI 10.1364/OE.10.001048 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 601JK UT WOS:000178442500002 PM 19451963 ER PT J AU Simpson, TB Gavrielides, A Peterson, P AF Simpson, TB Gavrielides, A Peterson, P TI Extraction characteristics of a dual fiber compound cavity SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BEAM AB We study experimentally the time dependence, steady state behavior and spectra of a dual fiber-laser compound cavity. Theoretically we confirm the CW and spectral characteristics. This particular cavity is formed with two Er-doped fiber amplifiers, each terminated with a fiber Bragg grating, and coupled through a 50/50 coupler to a common feedback and output coupling element. The experiment and theory show that a low Q, high gain symmetric compound cavity extracts nearly 4 times the power of a component resonator. This extraction is maintained even when there is significant difference in the optical pathlengths of the two component elements. Further, our measurements and theory show that the longitudinal modes of the coupled cavity are distinct from the modes of the component cavities and that the coherence is formed on a mode-by-mode basis using these coupled-cavity modes. The time behavior of the compound cavity shows slow fluctuations, on the order of seconds, consistent with perturbations in the laboratory environment. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Jaycor Titan, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Energey Directorate, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol,DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Simpson, TB (reprint author), Jaycor Titan, 3394 Carmel Mt Rd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM peterson@bimbo.plk.af.mil NR 5 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 20 BP 1060 EP 1073 DI 10.1364/OE.10.001060 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 601JK UT WOS:000178442500003 PM 19451964 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Chandra, S Tomlin, D Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Chandra, S Tomlin, D Bunning, TJ TI Switchable orthorhombic F photonic crystals formed by holographic polymerization-induced phase separation of liquid crystal SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BAND; OPAL AB Electrically switchable photonic crystals are simply and rapidly formed by holographic polymerization-induced phase separation of liquid crystal from a monomer- liquid crystal mixture. We report the fabrication and electro-optical properties of liquid-crystal-filled polymer photonic crystals of orthorhombic F symmetry. Inverse opal and fcc structures can also be obtained. The crystals exhibit electrically switchable Bragg diffraction at similar to8-10 V/mum with crystal structure in good agreement with theoretical expectations. These photonic crystals compare favorably with liquid-crystal-imbibed colloidal crystal arrays. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 7 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 20 BP 1074 EP 1082 DI 10.1364/OE.10.001074 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 601JK UT WOS:000178442500004 PM 19451965 ER PT J AU Leisey, JR AF Leisey, JR TI Clinical pearls: Headache and ptosis SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SAEM Annual Meeting CY MAY, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP SAEM DE unruptured intracranial aneurysm; headache; cranial nerve palsy ID UNRUPTURED INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT; MR-ANGIOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY; MANAGEMENT; RUPTURE; RISK C1 Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Dept Emergency Med, Newark, DE USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Dayton, OH USA. RP Leisey, JR (reprint author), SGOPE, Wright Patterson Med Ctr, 74 MDG,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1021 EP + PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 600XE UT WOS:000178416400009 PM 12359540 ER PT J AU Butler, JM Coble, MD Letmanyi, I Parsons, TJ Vallone, PM AF Butler, JM Coble, MD Letmanyi, I Parsons, TJ Vallone, PM TI Multiplex detection of 10 SNPs located in the coding region of the mitochondrial genome. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USAF, DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD USA. RI Coble, Michael/E-7540-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 1374 BP 406 EP 406 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025801369 ER PT J AU Zahn, CM Askew, AN Hall, KL Barth, WH AF Zahn, CM Askew, AN Hall, KL Barth, WH TI The significance of hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis on otherwise normal Papanicolaou smears SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperkeratosis; parakeratosis; Papanicolaou smear ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CONDYLOMATOUS LESIONS; VIRUS-INFECTION; PARAKERATOSIS; CERVIX; HYBRIDIZATION; CYTOLOGY; DNA AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis found on an otherwise normal Papanicolaou smear was associated with abnormalities after comprehensive evaluation. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 566 women identified with hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis on Papanicolaou smears from a 7-year period. All women underwent repeat Papanicolaou smear, colposcopy, and biopsy as indicated. Statistical analysis included chi(2) and Fisher exact tests as appropriate. RESULTS: Final abnormal diagnoses included human papillomavirus (HPV) changes (17%), mild dysplasia (5%), and moderate/severe dysplasia (0.4%). We found no carcinomas, Women younger than age 50 years were more likely to have an abnormality (34% vs 19%, relative risk 1.3, 95% Cl 1.1-1.4, P < .001), primarily because of a higher prevalence of HPV changes on the biopsy specimen (21% vs 9%, relative risk 1.3, 95% Cl 1.2-1.5, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis on an otherwise normal Papanicolaou smear is associated with low-grade changes, particularly among reproductive-age women. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Zahn, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 187 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1001 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.126640 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 606AJ UT WOS:000178709300040 PM 12388995 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the maxilla SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT News Item C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 179 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1078 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 595JD UT WOS:000178104700058 PM 12239076 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Chao, SY Fonseca, VP AF Robbins, AS Chao, SY Fonseca, VP TI What's the relative risk? A method to directly estimate risk ratios in cohort studies of common outcomes SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; regression and analysis; logistic models; odds ratio ID CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION; ODDS RATIO; RACE; SEX AB PURPOSE: In cohort studies of common outcomes, odds ratios (ORs) may seriously overestimate the true effect of an exposure on the outcome of interest (as measured by the risk ratio [RR]). Since few study designs require ORs (most frequently, case-control studies), their popularity is due, to the-widespread use of logistic regression. Because ORs are used to approximate RRs so frequently, methods have been published in the general medical literature describing how to convert ORs to RRs; however, these methods may produce inaccurate confidence intervals (CIs). The authors explore the use of binomial regression as an alternative technique to directly estimate RRs and associated CIs in cohort studies of common outcomes. METHODS: Using actual study data, the authors describe how to perform binomial regression using the SAS System for Windows, a statistical analysis program widely used by US health researchers. RESULTS: In a sample data set, the OR for the exposure of interest overestimated the RR more than two fold. The 95% CIs for the OR and converted RR were wider than for the directly. estimated RR. CONCLUSIONS: The authors argue that for cohort studies, the use of logistic regression should be sharply curtailed, and that instead, binomial regression be used to directly estimate RRs and associated CIs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science-Inc. All rights reserved. C1 AFMOA, SGZZ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), AFMOA, SGZZ, 2602 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 804, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 12 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 7 BP 452 EP 454 AR PII S1047-2797(01)00278-2 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00278-2 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 594GN UT WOS:000178041400002 PM 12377421 ER PT J AU Balldin, UI Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT AF Balldin, UI Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT TI Pulmonary decompression sickness at altitude: Early symptoms and circulating gas emboli SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chokes; substernal distress; dyspnea; cough; decompression sickness; altitude ID GROUND-LEVEL OXYGEN AB Introduction: Pulmonary altitude decompression sickness DCS) is a rare condition. 'Chokes,' which are characterized by the triad of substernal pain, cough, and dyspnea, are considered to be associated with severe accumulation of gas bubbles in the pulmonary capillaries and may rapidly develop into a life-threatening medical emergency. This study was aimed at characterizing early symptomatology and the appearance of venous gas emboli (VGE). Methods: Symptoms of simulated-altitude DCS and VGE (with echo-imaging ultrasound) were analyzed in 468 subjects who participated in 22 high altitude hypobaric chamber research protocols from 1983 to 2001 at Brooks Air Force Base, TX. Results: Of 2525 subject-exposures to simulated altitude, 1030 (41%) had symptoms of DCS. Only 29 of those included DCS-related pulmonary symptoms. Of these, only 3 subjects had all three pulmonary symptoms of chokes; 9 subjects had two of the pulmonary symptoms; and 17 subjects had only one. Of the 29 subject-exposures with pulmonary symptoms, 27 had VGE and 21 had severe VGE. The mean onset times of VGE and symptoms in the 29 subject-exposures were 42 +/- 30 min and 109 +/- 61 min, respectively. In 15 subjects, the symptoms disappeared during recompression to ground level followed by 2 h of oxygen breathing. In the remaining 14 cases, the symptoms disappeared with immediate hyperbaric oxygen treatment, Conclusions: Pulmonary altitude DCS or chokes is confirmed to be a rare condition. Our data showed that when diagnosed early, recompression to ground level pressure and/or hyperbaric oxygen treatment was 100% successful in resolving the symptoms. C1 Wyle Labs Inc, Air Force Res Lab HEP, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Balldin, UI (reprint author), Wyle Labs Inc, Air Force Res Lab HEP, Biodynam & Protect Div, 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 996 EP 999 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 600NP UT WOS:000178397500007 PM 12398262 ER PT J AU Brown, DL Vitense, HS Wetzel, PA Anderson, GM AF Brown, DL Vitense, HS Wetzel, PA Anderson, GM TI Instrument scan strategies of F-117A pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE eye movements; ocular fixation; data display; ergonomics AB Background. Eye tracking is an accurate and objective means of measuring an instrument scan pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine if prior aircraft experience, phase of flight, and autopilot mode modified the instrument scan pattern of F-117A pilots. Methods: There were 23 F-117A pilots, grouped by prior aircraft experience, who flew an instrument approach manually and with autopilot while wearing an El Mar eye tracker in the F-117A simulator at Holleman AFB, NM. Number of fixations, dwell time, and percent total dwell time spent on nine individual instruments were collected and analyzed. Results: The primary flight instrument was determined on the basis of pilot experience, and usage of the primary flight instrument varied significantly with phase of flight and manual vs. autopilot when ANOVA analysis was performed. Conclusions; Prior aircraft experience affects development of an instrument scan in a new aircraft, Prolonged dwell times on the primary flight instrument and changes in fixations/dwell time during autopilot mode have implications for instrument and cockpit design as well as cognitive load during novel situations. Further studies should be pursued. C1 RAF Henlow, Royal Air Force Ctr Aviat Med, Aviat Med Flight, Henlow SG16 6DN, Beds, England. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Crew Syst Interface Div,Visual Display Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Raytheon Syst Co, Lexington, MA USA. RP Brown, DL (reprint author), RAF Henlow, Royal Air Force Ctr Aviat Med, Aviat Med Flight, Henlow SG16 6DN, Beds, England. EM bandit0457@aol.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1007 EP 1013 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 600NP UT WOS:000178397500009 PM 12398264 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Missed pneumothorax seen on ventilation-perfusion scan SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE lung scan; pneumothorax; pulmonary embolism; scintigraphy AB A 38-year-old woman came to the emergency department with acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. She reported having been on a 4-hour car trip the day before and her medical history was significant for oral contraceptive use. An upright chest radiograph taken in the emergency department was interpreted by the clinician as normal. A ventilation-perfusion scan was immediately ordered to rule out a pulmonary embolism, which showed no evidence of a perfusion defect. Ventilation views, however, revealed a left lung with normal structure but an abnormally smaller volume compared with the right lung. This finding was indicative of a left-sided pneumothorax, which was confirmed on a subsequent chest radiograph that showed interval worsening manifested as complete left lung collapse. Careful review of the initial radiograph by the radiologist showed a subtle visceral pleural line in the left upper thorax and absence of pulmonary vasculature within superolateral to the pleural line; these findings were consistent with a pneumothorax. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, 759th MDTS-MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 27 IS 10 BP 725 EP 726 DI 10.1097/01.RLU.0000027745.99080.E0 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 598GV UT WOS:000178268400009 PM 12352116 ER PT J AU Chaney, JC Derdak, S AF Chaney, JC Derdak, S TI Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring for the intensivist: Current and emerging technology SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; INTRATHORACIC BLOOD-VOLUME; CARDIAC-OUTPUT MEASUREMENT; PULSE-CONTOUR ANALYSIS; ESOPHAGEAL DOPPLER MONITOR; PULMONARY-ARTERY CATHETER; EXTRAVASCULAR LUNG WATER; THERMODILUTION TECHNIQUE; TRANSPULMONARY THERMODILUTION; SURGICAL PATIENTS AB Objective: To review minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring devices currently available for use in the intensive care unit. Data Sources: Medline search from 1966 to present plus cited reference studies and abstracts from available product literature. Study Selection: Selection criteria included published reports and abstracts comparing the accuracy of minimally invasive cardiac output monitors to a "gold standard." Data Synthesis: Many reports have been published on the accuracy of individual minimally invasive cardiac output monitors, but cumulative data reviewing each type of monitor have not been synthesized and made available to the clinician. Conclusions: Emerging noninvasive or minimally invasive means of cardiac output monitoring are based on varied physiologic principles and can be used for following hemodynamic trends. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages; it is important for the clinician to understand the strengths and limitations of each device to effectively use the information derived. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chaney, JC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 55 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2338 EP 2345 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000029186.57736.02 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 609GB UT WOS:000178894300025 PM 12394965 ER PT J AU Farmer, JC Carlton, PK AF Farmer, JC Carlton, PK TI Who is 9-1-1 to the 9-1-1? SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Farmer, JC (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2397 EP 2398 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000029197.36610.A3 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 609GB UT WOS:000178894300045 PM 12394985 ER PT J AU Elmer, KB Elston, DM Libow, LF AF Elmer, KB Elston, DM Libow, LF TI Trichosporon beigelii infection presenting as white piedra and onychomycosis in the same patient SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; THERAPY AB Trichosporon beigelii is a fungal organism that causes white piedra and has occasionally been implicated as a nail pathogen. We describe a patient with both hair and nail changes associated with T beigelii. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17822 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 209 EP 211 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 605RK UT WOS:000178690700003 PM 12403311 ER PT J AU Musick, S Kastella, K AF Musick, S Kastella, K TI Bias estimation in an association-free nonlinear filter SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE nonlinear filter; bias estimation; registration; stochastic methods; Fokker-Planck equation; association-free AB Previous nonlinear filtering research has shown that by directly estimating the probability density of a target state using a track-before-detect scheme, weak and densely spaced targets can be tracked, and data association (in which reports are associated with tracks) can be avoided. Data association imposes a heavy burden on tracking, both in its design, where complex data management structures are required, and in its execution, which often requires many computer cycles. Therefore, avoiding data association can have advantages. However, a concern exists that data association is essential for estimating and correcting additive sensor biases, which are nearly always present. This paper demonstrates that target tracks and sensor biases can be estimated simultaneously using association-free nonlinear methods. We begin by defining a state consisting of target locations and a slowly drifting sensor bias. Stochastic models for state dynamics and for the measurement function are presented. A track-before-detect nonlinear filter is constructed to estimate the joint density of the state variables. A simulation that emulates estimator behavior is exercised under low signal-to-noise conditions. Simulation results are presented and discussed. This work extends the useful range of nonlinear filtering methods in tracking applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Beridian ERIM Int, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Musick, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 484 EP 493 DI 10.1006/dspr.2001.0406 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 632WQ UT WOS:000180247000003 ER PT J AU Hedges, RA Suter, BW AF Hedges, RA Suter, BW TI Numerical spread: Quantifying local stationarity SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE local stationarity; nonstationarity; Radon transform; covariance matrix AB One of the fundamental assumptions in signal processing is that of signal stationarity; i.e., the statistics of all orders are not time dependent. Many real data sets are not stationary but can, however, be described as locally stationary; that is, they appear stationary over finite time intervals. We develop numerical spread as a means of quantifying local stationarity. Based on the theoretical spread as introduced by W Kozek and colleagues the numerical spread provides a means for quantifying potential correlation between signal elements. Implementation of such a scheme on finite, discrete data, requires the augmentation of the associated covariance matrix. Three augmentation methods were investigated: zero padding, circular extension, and edge replication. It was determined that the method of edge replication is most desirable. The theoretical techniques estimate the spread as the rectangular region of support of the associated expected ambiguity function oriented parallel to the axes. By applying Radon transform techniques we can produce a parameterized model which describes the orientation of the region of support providing tighter estimates of the signal spread. Examples are provided that illustrate the utility of numerical spread and the enhancement resulting from the new methods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hedges, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 628 EP 643 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0428 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 632WQ UT WOS:000180247000009 ER PT J AU Namjoshi, SA Mall, S Jain, VK Jin, O AF Namjoshi, SA Mall, S Jain, VK Jin, O TI Fretting fatigue crack initiation mechanism in Ti-6Al-4V SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; CONTACT; LIFE AB Fretting fatigue crack initiation in titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was investigated experimentally and analytically by using finite element analysis (FEA). Various types of fretting pads were used in order to determine the effects of contact geometries. Crack initiation location and crack angle orientation along the contact surface were determined by using microscopy. Finite element analysis was used in order to obtain stress state for the experimental conditions used during fretting fatigue tests. These were then used in order to investigate several critical plane based multiaxial fatigue parameters. These parameters were evaluated based on their ability to predict crack initiation location, crack orientation angle along the contact surface and the number of cycles to fretting fatigue crack initiation independent of geometry of fretting pad. These predictions were compared with their experimental counterparts in order to characterize the role of normal and shear stresses on fretting fatigue crack initiation. From these comparisons, fretting fatigue crack initiation mechanism in the tested titanium alloy appears to be governed by shear stress on the critical plane. However, normal stress on the critical plane also seems to play a role in fretting fatigue life. At present, the individual contributions/importance of shear and normal stresses in the crack initiation appears to be unclear; however, it is clear that any critical plane describing fretting fatigue crack initiation behaviour independent of geometry needs to include components of both shear and normal stresses. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 25 IS 10 BP 955 EP 964 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00549.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 594FT UT WOS:000178039000006 ER PT J AU Propst, A Ginsburg, E Yanushpolsky, E AF Propst, A Ginsburg, E Yanushpolsky, E TI The difference that makes a difference? SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Letter ID PROGESTERONE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Propst, A (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 78 IS 4 BP 882 EP 882 AR PII S0015-0282(02)03312-5 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03312-5 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 603PA UT WOS:000178567200037 PM 12372474 ER PT J AU Harrison, SA Fincke, C Helinski, D Torgerson, S AF Harrison, SA Fincke, C Helinski, D Torgerson, S TI Orlistat treatment in obese, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. A pilot study. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 971 BP 406A EP 406A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301700953 ER PT J AU Hayashi, PH Harrison, S Torgerson, S Nochajski, T Russell, M AF Hayashi, PH Harrison, S Torgerson, S Nochajski, T Russell, M TI Cognitive lifetime drinking history in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Some cases may be alcohol related. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Prevent Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. Res Inst Addict, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 994 BP 411A EP 411A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301700976 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Adams, F Davis, M Fein, S Sperling, R Glombicki, A Tsai, N Gasic, A Kothari, T Ganeshappa, KP Cox, J Sanders, B Silverman, B Ghandour, E Jeff, M Jeffries, M Kadakia, S Buckelew, D AF Lawitz, EJ Adams, F Davis, M Fein, S Sperling, R Glombicki, A Tsai, N Gasic, A Kothari, T Ganeshappa, KP Cox, J Sanders, B Silverman, B Ghandour, E Jeff, M Jeffries, M Kadakia, S Buckelew, D CA ALAMO Study Grp TI Triple therapy compared to standard pegylated interferon alfa 2b plus weight based ribavirin in previous interferon based therapy nonresponders and relapsers. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Austin Consultants Gastro, Austin, TX USA. S Florida Ctr Gastroenterol, W Palm Beach, FL USA. Digest Hlth Ctr, Pasadena, TX USA. Houston Digest, Houston, TX USA. SFMC Liver Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. LGV Gastroenterol, Longview, TX USA. Gastroenterol Associates, Rochester, NY USA. Digest Dis Ctr S Texas, San Antonio, TX USA. Texas Digest Dis Consultants, Flower Mound, TX USA. N TX GI Consultants, Lewisville, TX USA. Gastroenterol Associates NE Olympia, Olympia, WA USA. Gastroenterol Associates, Lubbock, TX USA. Medoff Med, Greensboro, NC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. McGraner Kadakia Med, San Antonio, TX USA. E Texas Gastroenterol, ALAMO Study Grp, Longview, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 1674 BP 581A EP 581A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301701656 ER PT J AU Tabib-Azar, M Zhang, T LeClair, SR AF Tabib-Azar, M Zhang, T LeClair, SR TI Self-oscillating evanescent microwave probes for nondestructive evaluations of materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE evanescent microwaves; near-field imaging; nondestructive testing; super-resolution imaging ID NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION AB The design and operation of a self-oscillating evanescent microwave probe (SO-EMP) for very high spatial resolution imaging of material nonuniformities are discussed. Composed of a microstripline resonator in a feedback loop across a 10-dB amplifier with 2.5-GHz bandwidth centered at 1.75 GHz, these oscillator probes are very compact and suitable for high-resolution imaging of materials. A wire tip connected to one end of the resonator enables the microwave probe to interact with a sample located nearby which affects the resonant frequency (f(0)) and the quality factor (Q) of the oscillator. Variations in the material properties can be detected by scanning the wire tip over the sample while monitoring f(0) and Q that automatically track the permittivity, permeability, and dissipation in the sample. The SO-EMP outputs versus position of its tip over different high- and low-contrast samples were monitored and pseudo-color maps were generated to image material nonuniformities. Due to the amplifier nonlinearity that comes into play in the oscillation characteristics of this probe and the resonant contribution of the probe-sample interaction, the SO-EMP sensitivity and spatial resolution are improved compared to the other modes of operations we have reported in the past. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. RP Tabib-Azar, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1132 DI 10.1109/TIM.2002.807798 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 640WX UT WOS:000180712400042 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Kiuttu, GF AF Ruden, EL Kiuttu, GF TI Adiabatic, shock, and plastic work heating of solids and exploding metal cylinders SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cylinder test; detonation; Hugoniot; plastic flow; plasticity; shock heating; shock wave ID CONSTITUTIVE MODEL AB Solids subjected to high pressures, shocks, and/or deformation experience an increase in internal energy density and temperature due to adiabatic compression, shock heating, and plastic work heating, respectively. Analytic approximations are derived here for the internal energy and temperature changes that result from these processes based on the analytic constitutive model and Gruneisen equation of state of Steinberg. Although of general use, the utility of the expressions is demonstrated by the detailed example of a cylindrical metal tube filled with high explosives, and detonated on axis at one end. This geometry is often used to determine the detonation properties of high explosives, where it is known as the "cylinder test." The geometry is also of special interest for use as the armature of cylindrical magnetic flux compression. pulsed current generators. The results are favorably compared with two dimension numerical simulations of the process using Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's shock-hydro computer code CALE using the same model for the metal. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1692 EP 1699 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.805415 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900013 ER PT J AU Baum, CE Lehr, JM AF Baum, CE Lehr, JM TI Tapered transmission-line transformers for fast high-voltage transients SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE impedance transformation; nonuniform transmission lines; pulse droop; tapered transmission lines transformers AB One technique for raising the voltage in a fast pulse involves the use of a tapered transmission line transformer, whose transit time is large compared to the risetime of the pulse. For continuous variation of the characteristic impedance, the high-frequency/early-time voltage gain is given by the square root of the impedance ratio of each end of tapered line. An undesirable product of the tapered or transmission line transformer is the droop of the pulse after the initial step rise at the transmission line output. A formulation based on the voltage/current variables and renormalized wave variables has been used to examine the pulse droop with the idea of minimizing it. In the analysis, when the dominant term in expansion is optimized, the resulting geometry is that of the exponentially tapered line. The case of the exponentially tapered transmission line is discussed in detail and is shown to have an optimal transfer function in terms of early time voltage gain and improved droop characteristics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1712 EP 1721 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.806614 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900016 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ Alvey, K Adams, C Anderson, B Anderson, HD Anderson, WE Armijo, E Atchison, WL Bartos, J Bowers, RL Cameron, B Cavazos, T Coffey, S Corrow, R Degnan, JH Echave, J Froggett, B Gale, D Garcia, F Guzik, JA Henneke, B Kanzleiter, RJ Kiuttu, G Lebeda, C Olson, RT Oro, D Parker, JV Peterkin, RE Peterson, K Pritchett, R Randolph, RB Reinovsky, RE Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Sandoval, D Sandoval, G Salazar, MA Sommars, W Steckle, W Stokes, JL Studebaker, J Tabaka, L Taylor, AJ AF Turchi, PJ Alvey, K Adams, C Anderson, B Anderson, HD Anderson, WE Armijo, E Atchison, WL Bartos, J Bowers, RL Cameron, B Cavazos, T Coffey, S Corrow, R Degnan, JH Echave, J Froggett, B Gale, D Garcia, F Guzik, JA Henneke, B Kanzleiter, RJ Kiuttu, G Lebeda, C Olson, RT Oro, D Parker, JV Peterkin, RE Peterson, K Pritchett, R Randolph, RB Reinovsky, RE Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Sandoval, D Sandoval, G Salazar, MA Sommars, W Steckle, W Stokes, JL Studebaker, J Tabaka, L Taylor, AJ TI Design, fabrication, and operation of a high-energy liner implosion experiment at 16 megamperes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diagnostics; implosions; liners; megampere AB We discuss the design, fabrication, and operation of a liner implosion system At peak currents of 16 MA. Liners of 1100 aluminum, with initial length, radius, and thickness of 4 cm, 5 cm, and 1 mm, respectively, implode under the action of a axial current, rising in 8 mus. Fields; on conductor surfaces exceed 0.6 MG. Design and fabrication issues that were successfully addressed include: Pulsed Power-especially current joints at high magnetic fields and. the possibility of electrical breakdown at connection of liner cassette insulator to bank insulation; Liner Physics-including the angle needed to maintain current contact between liner and glide-plane/electrode without jetting or buckling; Diagnostics-X-radiography through cassette insulator and outer conductor without shrapnel damage to film. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEH, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89030 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SAIC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NumerEx, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEH, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1777 EP 1788 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.805447 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900024 ER PT J AU Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Cavazos, T Gale, DG Gilman, C Sommars, W Intrator, TP Taccetti, JM Waganaar, B Siemon, RE Wurden, GA AF Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Cavazos, T Gale, DG Gilman, C Sommars, W Intrator, TP Taccetti, JM Waganaar, B Siemon, RE Wurden, GA TI Development of a high-current low-inductance crowbar switch for FRX-L SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cable feedthroughs; crowbar switches; pulsed power; rail-gap switches; field-reversed configurations AB The design and test results of a crowbar switch developed for the formation of long-lifetime field-reversed configurations are presented. These research efforts are being pursued at the FRX-L facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory using the "Colt" capacitor bank (a 36 muF Shiva Star bank module capable of storing up to 250 U) and at the Air Force Research Laboratory using the "Formation" capacitor bank (consisting of three parallel banks identical to Colt). The crowbar switch design includes four Maxwell rail-gap switches mounted on a cable header that transitions from the capacitor bank bus plates to 48 RG 17/14 coaxial cables. For the testing performed at AFRL, a dummy load was set up to simulate the magnetic field coils of the actual experiment. Tests thus far have demonstrated the crowbarring of peak currents up to 1.25 MA. Breakdown within the cable header due to the initial high voltage applied from the bank has been successfully suppressed by the cable feed-through design, proper placement of Mylar sheets around the switch for insulation, and replacement of air in the header with SF6. Timing for the triggering of the crowbar is somewhat critical, as inductance in the switch increases when the switch is triggered with lower voltages across the switch rails. At the higher bank charge voltages, the charge-flow ratings on the rail-gap switches are exceeded; however, other than requiring that the rail electrodes in the switches be cleaned more frequently, no detrimental effects have been observed from the excessive charge flow. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grabowski, C (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1905 EP 1915 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.805405 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900045 ER PT J AU Chehroudi, B Cohn, R Talley, D AF Chehroudi, B Cohn, R Talley, D TI Cryogenic shear layers: experiments and phenomenological modeling of the initial growth rate under subcritical and supercritical conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article ID JETS AB A jet of a cryogenic fluid, typically liquid N-2, is injected into a chamber whose ambient pressure is varied to values exceeding the critical pressure of the injectant. The structure of the jet and the shear layer between the jet and the ambient have been examined. Results from visualization, jet initial growth rate, fractal analysis, and Raman scattering measurements indicate that the behavior of the injected fluid changes from liquid spray-like to gaseous jet-like behavior as pressure increased. This is attributed to the reduction of the surface tension and enthalpy of vaporization as the critical pressure of the injectant is approached. The initial divergence angle indicating the growth rate of the jet is measured at the jet exit. These values are then compared with those measured from a large number of other mixing layer flows, including atomized liquid sprays, turbulent incompressible gaseous jets, supersonic jets, and incompressible but variable density jets covering over four orders of magnitude in the gas-to-liquid density ratio, the first time such a plot has been reported over this large a range of density ratios. At and above the critical pressure of the injected fluid, the jet initial growth rate measurements agrees well with the theory and measurements of incompressible, variable density, gaseous mixing layers. This is the first time a quantitative parameter has been used to demonstrate that the similarity between the two flows extends beyond mere qualitative physical appearance. The initial growth rate using Raman scattering is also in reasonably good agreement with our measurements using shadowgraphy if twice the FWHM of the normalized intensity radial profiles are used. Finally, an equation based on a proposed physical mechanism combined with the characteristic gasification time (tau(g)) and interfacial bulge formation/ separation time (tau(b)) is proposed, theta = 0.27[tau(b) / (tau(b) + tau(b)) + (rho(g)/rho(l))(0.5)], that shows good agreement with the measured initial growth rate data. It is found that the transition point from sub- (liquid-jet like) to supercritical (gas-jet like) behavior occurs when the time scale ratio (tau(b)/(tau(b) + tau(g))) is approximately equal to 0.5. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Engn Res Consultants Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, AFRL PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Chehroudi, B (reprint author), Engn Res Consultants Inc, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 554 EP 563 AR PII S0142-727X(02)00151-0 DI 10.1016/S0142-727X(02)00151-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 567XL UT WOS:000176511800003 ER PT J AU Byrd, LW Birman, V AF Byrd, LW Birman, V TI Onset of matrix cracking in angle-ply ceramic matrix composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ceramic matrix composites; matrix cracks; residual stresses; fracture ID FRACTURE AB The problem of initial damage in angle-ply [ - theta(m)/theta(n)/theta(m)] and [ - theta/theta] ceramic matrix composites subjected to axial tension is considered in this paper. The damage is in the form of matrix cracks that may appear in either inclined (-theta and theta lamination angle) or longitudinal layers. As follows from the analysis, if the lamination angle of the inclined layers is small, the initial failure occurs in the 0-layers of [ - theta(m)/theta(n)/theta(m)] composites or in [ - theta/theta] composites in the form of bridging cracks. However, if the inclined layers form a larger angle with the load direction, they fail due to tunneling cracks. It is shown that the boundary between two different modes of failure in a representative SiC/CAS composite corresponds to a lamination angle equal to 35degrees in the case of [- theta(m)/theta(n)/theta(m)] composites. In the case of [ - theta/theta] laminates, the boundary value of the lamination angle is equal to 45degrees, i.e. bridging cracks form if theta < 45degrees and tunneling cracks appear if theta > 45degrees. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2173 EP 2187 AR PII S0020-7403(02)00163-7 DI 10.1016/S0020-7403(02)00163-7 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 637PY UT WOS:000180522600009 ER PT J AU Von Busch, TA Frazier, LM Sigler, SJ Molgaard, CA AF Von Busch, TA Frazier, LM Sigler, SJ Molgaard, CA TI Feasibility of maternity protection in early pregnancy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE maternal exposures; pregnancy; occupational health; legislation and jurisprudence; women's health ID REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; EXPOSURE; METAANALYSIS AB Many countries have maternity protection laws for women who need job modification or medical leave during pregnancy. This approach will prevent birth defects only if maternal job changes can be made before the critical period of organogenesis, which begins at three weeks' gestation. The authors studied the gestational ages at which pregnant women working with chemicals, radiation, and noise presented for occupational safety and health consultations. The work setting promoted early presentation because the consultation was free, convenient, mandatory, and would not result in job loss. Among the 213 pregnant women evaluated between 1996 and 2000, most (89.5%) had their occupational safety evaluations in the first trimester. Although this sounds ideal, the mean gestational age at presentation was 7.5 weeks, and only 3.3% of occupational health evaluations were initiated by three weeks' gestation. Environmental and biological monitoring showed that none of the women was exposed over occupational limits. These data suggest that a workplace free from reproductive hazards needs to be provided before conception. C1 Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. USAF, Wichita, KS USA. RP Frazier, LM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 1010 N Kansas Ave, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 328 EP 331 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 609TU UT WOS:000178921300007 PM 12412850 ER PT J AU Saad, AA Liebst, BS Gordnier, RE AF Saad, AA Liebst, BS Gordnier, RE TI Fluid mechanism of wing rock ford configurations with chine-shaped forebodies SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fluid mechanics; oscillation; numerical models; aerodynamics ID IMPLICIT AB The increasing demand to,employ sharp-edged geometries in airframe design of advanced fighters to meet stealth requirements has nudged research to explore the new aerodynamic and dynamic characteristics of such configurations. In this paper, the wing rock oscillation is numerically simulated for a generic wing-body model consisting of cropped delta wing of 65degrees-sweep and chine-shaped forebody. The purpose is to develop a complete understanding of the complex flow interactions that drive the wing rock oscillation. The numerical simulation is based upon coupling the unsteady Euler fluid dynamic equations with the rigid-body dynamic equations in roll. A subiteration algorithm is employed to simultaneously solve the coupled equations. The numerical model exhibits a limit cycle oscillation in roll at an angle of attack of 35degrees with 16degrees peak-to-peak amplitude in roll angle. The complex interactions of the forebody-induced flow and the wing leading-edge vortices during wing rock are fully investigated and visualized. Analysis of the observed vortex breakdown dynamics during one entire cycle of the oscillation is also presented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2002)15:4(125) PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 598AG UT WOS:000178252500001 ER PT J AU Link, DD Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS AF Link, DD Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS TI Rapid determination of total sulfur in fuels using gas chromatography with atomic emission detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; QUANTIFICATION; HETEROCYCLES; GASOLINE C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Parsons Project Serv Inc, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Link, DD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 9 BP 500 EP 504 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 609QR UT WOS:000178909500005 PM 12433111 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Yu, W Lee, ST Petrou, A McCombe, BD Brewer, KS Lees, JF Beachley, OT AF Haugan, HJ Yu, W Lee, ST Petrou, A McCombe, BD Brewer, KS Lees, JF Beachley, OT TI Low temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of InP using the new precursors pentamethylcyclopentadienylindium(I) and white phosphorus SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE crystal morphology; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; phosphides; semiconducting indium phosphide; semiconducting III-V materials ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE; PHASE EPITAXY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; IN(C5ME5); LAYERS AB Low temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of InP has been achieved with previously unexplored indium precursor, pentamethylcyclopentadienylindium(l) and white phosphorus rather than traditional sources such as trimethylindium or triethylindium and phosphine. By taking advantage of the low sublimation temperature of new indium precursor, epitaxial InP was obtained at low substrate temperatures ranging between 150degreesC and 250degreesC on InP substrates with rather low growth rates of 2-34Angstrom/min. Optical qualities of grown InP homoepitaxy were analyzed by low-temperature photoluminescence (10 K). Luminescence peaks at 1.419 and 1.418 eV correspond to free excitons and donor bound excitons, respectively. The dominant accidental impurities were donors. Neither acceptor-bound excitons nor significant free electrons to acceptor recombination peaks were observed. The InP epilayers grown on InP substrates at a temperature ranging from 180degreesC to 230degreesC had higher intensity and narrower full-width at half-maximum of luminescence peaks than those of the iron-doped, semi-insulating InP substrates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Hamilton Coll, Dept Chem, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.baugan@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT PY 2002 VL 244 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01647-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01647-0 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 597EB UT WOS:000178208300004 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Malrotation rapidly progressing to midgut volvulus following recent laparoscopic surgery SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 295 EP 296 AR PII S0736-4679(02)00537-1 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00537-1 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 612TU UT WOS:000179092200017 PM 12449969 ER PT J AU Vikram, M Kashyap, S Ahn, SS Davis, MR Moore, WS Diethrich, EB AF Vikram, M Kashyap, S Ahn, SS Davis, MR Moore, WS Diethrich, EB TI Trends in endovascular surgery training SO JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE endovascular procedures; vascular surgery; fellowship ID VASCULAR SURGEONS; REPAIR AB Purpose: To gather vascular surgery fellows' opinions on various issues related to endovascular surgery (EVS) over a 2-year period and analyze the responses to identify trends in EVS training. Methods: Vascular surgery fellows in 2 consecutive years were given a 2-page questionnaire inquiring about training protocols and local practice habits. Respondents included 64 vascular fellows from the academic year 1998-1999 (F98) and 52 vascular fellows from the academic year 1999-2000 (F99) (78% men in the entire population; mean age 34 years), representing a significant fraction of trainees in North America. Data from F98 and F99 were compared and analyzed. Results. The majority (66%) of vascular surgery fellows were trained at university hospitals and performed EVS at the time of the survey: 83% in the F98 class and 92% in the F99 group (p=0.17). Utilization rates among the 9 interventions surveyed ranged from angiography (83%) and angioplasty (77%) to intravascular ultrasound (33%) and atherectomy (15%). Performance of endovascular grafting significantly increased among trainees (50% versus 81%, p<0.005), while atherectomy and angioscopy decreased. EVS performed in the operating room with portable imaging equipment decreased (67% versus 42%, p=0.02) as access to the radiology and cardiology suites increased. In most communities (63%), radiology specialists performed most of the EVS procedures, but the portion of communities where vascular surgery performed the majority of EVS procedures increased from 20% to 35% (p=0.10) from F98 to F99. Responders (90%) believed that EVS would become a major component of vascular surgery and comprise 30% of their future practice. The proportion of fellows who believed they were sufficiently trained in endovascular techniques increased from 30% to 50% (p=0.04), with the remainder willing to devote a short period (<3 months) for further training. Conclusions: The vast majority of vascular trainees perform EVS and believe that it will have an increasing role in their practice. Trends include increased endovascular grafting and performance of EVS by vascular surgeons in interventional suites. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Arizona Heart Inst, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Ahn, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Gonda Goldschmied Vasc Ctr, 200 Med Plaza,Suite 526, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC ENDOVASCULAR SPECIALIST PI PHOENIX PA PMB 605, 1928 EAST HIGHLAND ST #F104, PHOENIX, AZ 85016 USA SN 1526-6028 J9 J ENDOVASC THER JI J. Endovascular Ther. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1583/1545-1550(2002)009<0633:TIEST>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 622GF UT WOS:000179638100016 PM 12431149 ER PT J AU Unangst, ET Merkley, LA AF Unangst, ET Merkley, LA TI The effects of lipid location on non-invasive estimates of body composition using EM-SCAN technology SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipid; electromagnetic scanning (EM-SCAN); total body electrical conductivity TOBEC; body composition ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY TOBEC; RED-BACKED VOLES; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; MASS; HIBERNATION; RESTRICTION; VALIDATION; MAMMALS; MODELS AB We evaluated the effect of lipid location on body-composition estimation accuracy using electromagnetic scanning (EM-SCAN), a non-invasive [total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC)] method. Molds were constructed that simulated a 'general' small mammal, either 93% lean/7% lipid (control) or 82% lean/18% lipid (lipid-location groups). In the 18% lipid molds, we varied the location of the fat; simulating all the fat in the head, tail or midsection or simulating homogenous distribution. Comparisons were made between the EM-SCAN output of each lipid-location group, and multiple-regression techniques were performed to derive body-composition estimation equations for both lipid mass (M-L) and fat-free mass (M-FF). Device output varied significantly for all lipid-location groups even though all groups contained 18% body fat, showing a lipid-location effect on device output. Calibration equations derived for each lipid-location condition estimated both M-L and M-FF accurately, but an independent equation was required for each lipid-location condition. In situations where species significantly vary body fat content and location, for example during hibernation or reproductive periods, we suggest deriving a calibration equation that is more representative of the actual body composition to improve M-L and M-FF estimation accuracy using non-invasive EM-SCAN methods. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Unangst, ET (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 205 IS 19 BP 3101 EP 3105 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 604ZZ UT WOS:000178652100015 PM 12200413 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Ling, AG AF Cliver, EW Ling, AG TI Secular change in geomagnetic indices and the solar open magnetic flux during the first half of the twentieth century SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun; solar variability; climate change; geomagnetic indices ID LONG-TERM; RING-CURRENT; CYCLE; WIND; FIELD; AA; INDEXES; DST AB We examined several long-term geomagnetic indices (u, C-i, and H-m) to substantiate the secular increase in the aa index during the first half of the twentieth century. The long-term increase in aa and other geomagnetic indices was accompanied by a corresponding rise in the envelope of the sunspot number (similar to130% increase of cycle averages). We used a correlation between solar cycle averages of sunspot number and solar open magnetic flux for recent cycles to infer a 140+/-80% increase in the open flux between similar to1900 and similar to1950, comparable to the similar to130% increase in this parameter during the twentieth century deduced by Lockwood et al. [1999] from solar wind measurements during the space age. While the uncertainty in our result is large, our method, which is not based on aa, provides independent support for a substantial increase in the open magnetic flux during the last century. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS A10 AR 1303 DI 10.1029/2001JA000505 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634RF UT WOS:000180353900038 ER PT J AU Richardson, IG Cliver, EW Cane, HV AF Richardson, IG Cliver, EW Cane, HV TI Long-term trends in interplanetary magnetic field strength and solar wind structure during the twentieth century SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interplanetary magnetic field; geomagnetic activity; cosmic rays; solar wind; long-term trends ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; SPEED; TRANSPORT; AVERAGES; MINIMUM; STORMS; EARTH; DRIFT AB Lockwood et al. [1999] have recently reported a similar to40% increase in the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) at Earth between 1964 and 1996. We argue that this increase does not constitute a secular trend but is largely the consequence of lower than average fields during solar cycle 20 (1964-1976) in comparison with surrounding cycles. For times after 1976 the average IMF strength has actually decreased slightly. Examination of the cosmic ray intensity, an indirect measure of the IMF strength, over the last five solar cycles (19-23) also indicates that cycle averages of the IMF strength have been relatively constant since similar to1954. We also consider the origin of the well-documented increase in the geomagnetic aa index that occurred primarily during the first half of the twentieth century. We surmise that the coronal mass ejection (CME) rate for recent solar cycles was approximately twice as high as that for solar cycles 100 years ago. However, this change in the CME rate and the accompanying increase in 27-day recurrent storm activity reported by others are unable to account completely for the increase in aa. Rather, the CMEs and recurrent high-speed streams at the beginning of the twentieth century must have been embedded in a background of slow solar wind that was less geoeffective (having, for example, lower IMF strength and/or flow speed) than its modern counterpart. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS A10 AR 1304 DI 10.1029/2001JA000507 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634RF UT WOS:000180353900039 ER PT J AU Lupo, JA Wang, ZQ McKenney, AM Pachter, R Mattson, W AF Lupo, JA Wang, ZQ McKenney, AM Pachter, R Mattson, W TI A large scale molecular dynamics simulation code using the fast multipole algorithm (FMD): performance and application SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article DE fast multipole algorithm; liquid crystalline cluster; molecular dynamics ID ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; SYSTEMS; IMPLEMENTATION; COULOMB AB We present the performance of the fast classical molecular dynamics (MD) code, fast molecular dynamics (FMD), designed for efficient, object-oriented, and scalable large scale simulations, and summarize its application to a liquid crystalline cluster. FMD uses an implementation of the three-dimensional fast multipole method, developed in our group. The fast multipole method offers an efficient way (order O(N)) to handle long range electrostatic interactions, thus, enabling more realistic simulations of large molecular systems. Performance testing was carried out on IBM SP2, SGI Origin 2000, and CRAY T3E massively parallel systems using the MPI massage passing library. The electrostatic forces were tested on models of up to 100,000 randomly placed charges, and on protein and liquid crystalline molecular systems of over 99,000 atoms. Tests on the stability of the method are presented, along with comparisons with direct calculations, the (NAMD)2 code, and the physical multipole-based cell-multipole method. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lupo, JA (reprint author), 9667 Independence Dr, Westminster, CO 80021 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 89 EP 99 AR PII S1093-3236(02)00125-0 DI 10.1016/S1093-3263(02)00125-0 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 606ZL UT WOS:000178765900002 PM 12398340 ER PT J AU Orosz, JE Jacobson, SH AF Orosz, JE Jacobson, SH TI Analysis of static simulated annealing algorithms SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE local search algorithms; simulated annealing; cooling schedules; finite-time performance ID HILL CLIMBING ALGORITHMS; FINITE-TIME BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; CONVERGENCE AB Generalized hill climbing (GHC) algorithms provide a framework for modeling local search algorithms to address intractable discrete optimization problems. This paper introduces a measure for determining the expected number of iterations to visit a predetermined objective function level, given that an inferior objective function level has been reached in a finite number of iterations. A variation of simulated annealing (SA), termed static simulated annealing (S(2)A), is analyzed using this measure. S(2)A uses a fixed cooling schedule during the algorithm execution. Though S(2)A is probably nonconvergent, its finite-time performance can be assessed using the finite-time performance measure defined in this paper. C1 USAF, Mat Proc Design Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Simulat & Optimizat Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Orosz, JE (reprint author), USAF, Mat Proc Design Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 115 IS 1 BP 165 EP 182 AR UNSP 0022-3239/02/1000-0165/0 DI 10.1023/A:1019633214895 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 580RJ UT WOS:000177248200010 ER PT J AU York, GB DiGeronimo, RJ Wilson, BJ Cofer, BR Breuer, CK Josephs, JD Smith, DL Sorrells, DL AF York, GB DiGeronimo, RJ Wilson, BJ Cofer, BR Breuer, CK Josephs, JD Smith, DL Sorrells, DL TI Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in piglets using a polymerized bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOC-201) SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; porcine; HBOC-201 ID ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; CARRIER; HEMODILUTION; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the polymerized bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution HBOC-201 is an acceptable substitute for blood in a healthy porcine, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) model. Methods: Ten piglets (15 to 25 kg) were placed on venoarterial ECMO. Four animals received blood-primed ECMO, and 6 animals received HBOC-201-primed ECMO. Hemodynamic variables, urine output, blood gas analyses, complete blood counts, and lactate levels were followed for 6 hours. Data were analyzed using a nonparametric sign test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: All animals survived the 6-hour ECMO procedure. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, urine output, and serum lactate levels were not significantly different between groups. Postpriming volume was 176 +/- 156 mL in the blood group. None of the animals in the HBOC-201 group required additional volume to maintain target flow during ECMO (P < .05). Arterial pH, pO(2), and oxygen content between groups were not significantly different. Hematocrit for the HBOC-201 group was significantly (P<.05) lower than the blood group. Conclusions: HBOC-201-primed ECMO in a healthy porcine model showed similar hemodynamics and equivalent oxygen carrying capacity to blood-primed ECMO. Postpriming volume requirement was decreased significantly in the HBOC group. ECMO using HBOC-201 instead of blood appears promising and warrants further investigation., Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP York, GB (reprint author), 11931 Adriana Maria, San Antonio, TX 78253 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1387 EP 1392 DI 10.1053/jpsu.2002.35374 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 599UM UT WOS:000178353600001 PM 12378440 ER PT J AU Malthaner, SC Moore, S Mills, M Saad, R Sabatini, R Takacs, V McMahan, CA Oates, TW AF Malthaner, SC Moore, S Mills, M Saad, R Sabatini, R Takacs, V McMahan, CA Oates, TW TI Investigation of the association between angiographically defined coronary artery disease and periodontal disease SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary angiography; coronary diseases; periodontal diseases; risk factors ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DENTAL INFECTIONS; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PATHOGENS; PLAQUES; HEALTH AB Background: The association between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been investigated in numerous studies with inconsistent results. Resolving these differences is complicated by the use of varying definitions of CAD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between angiographically-defined CAD and periodontal disease. Methods: Non-smoking, non-diabetic patients, over 40 years of age, with no history of a myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months and who had undergone cardiac catheterization within the previous 12 months were enrolled in this study. Subjects were classified as having CAD (CAD+) if they had 50% stenosis in at least one major epicardial artery and classified as CAD negative (CAD-) if they had <50% stenosis in all identified arteries. Periodontal disease severity was measured through bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession, number of missing teeth, and radiographic bone loss. Results: One hundred (53 = CAD+; 47 = CAD-) patients were examined. CAD+ patients were more likely to be male (CAD+ 83.0% male; CAD- 40.4% male; P = 0.001), and were older (CAD+ 65.3 years; CAD- 60.8 years; P = 0.0138). Although all patients reported they were currently non-smokers and had not smoked for at least 5 years, the fraction who were former smokers was greater for CAD+ patients (66% versus 24.4%; P = 0.0001) and mean pack/year history of smoking was higher for CAD+ patients (15.8 versus 4.5; P = 0.0003). Mean CAL (3.13 mm versus 2.78 mm; P= 0.0227), number of sites with CAL greater than or equal to6 mm (6.85 versus 3.32; P= 0.0242), radiographic bone loss (3.60 mm versus 3.18 mm; P= 0.0142) were greater for CAD+ patients than for CAD- patients. However, after adjustment for age and previous smoking history, factors common to both diseases, the associations of CAD and periodontal disease were reduced and were not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR]: mean CAL OR = 1.06; number of sites with CAL greater than or equal to6 mm OR = 1.03; mean radiographic bone loss OR = 1.31; P greater than or equal to0.2055). Conclusions: After accounting for factors common to both periodontal disease and CAD, there was no significant association between periodontal disease and chronic CAD as assessed angiographically. Further investigations into the relationship between periodontal disease and CAD should clearly separate chronic CAD and acute coronary events. C1 UTHSCSA, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Oates, TW (reprint author), UTHSCSA, Dept Periodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1902/jop.2002.73.10.1169 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 608AN UT WOS:000178823100011 PM 12416775 ER PT J AU Hickman, TN AF Hickman, TN TI Impact of endometriosis on implantation - Data from the Wilford Hall Medical Center IVF-ET Program SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE endometriosis; ovum implantation; in-fertility; female; fertilization in vitro; embryo transfer ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY; WOMEN; STAGE; FERTILE; SUCCESS AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of endometriosis on implantation. STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study, 149 consecutive in vitro fertilization retrieved cycles were analyzed. Patients with endometriosis (n = 27, 31 cycles) were compared with a control group with tubal infertility (n = 104, 118 cycles). The main outcome measure was implantation rate (gestational sac per transferred embryo). RESULTS: The patients in the tubal infertility group were slightly younger, and tended to have a better response to stimulation and increased number of oocytes retrieved than did the patients in the endometriosis group; however, there were no differences infertilization rates, number of embryos transferred or clinical pregnancy rates per cycle between the endometriosis group and tubal infertility group. The overall clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was similar for women in the endometriosis and tubal infertility groups (54.8% and 55.1%, respectively). The implantation rate was not different in the endometriosis versus tubal infertility group (28% [28/100] and 29.8%, [108/363], respectively; P = .75, relative risk = .94, 95% confidence interval .66, 1.34). CONCLUSION: For women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with endometriosis, the implantation rate is not markedly different from that for women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with tubal infertility. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Hickman, TN (reprint author), Houston IVF, 920 Frostwood,Suite 570, Houston, TX 77024 USA. EM timothy.hick-man@jhu.edu NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 EI 1943-3565 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 47 IS 10 BP 801 EP 808 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 608CD UT WOS:000178826800001 PM 12418061 ER PT J AU Sandfry, RA Hall, CD AF Sandfry, RA Hall, CD TI Relative equilibria of a prolate gyrostat with a discrete damper SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID DUAL-SPIN SPACECRAFT; ATTITUDE STABILITY; SATELLITES; ROTATION; DYNAMICS; MOTION AB We investigate the possible equilibria for a torque-free gyrostat with an attached spring-mass damper. The equations of motion are presented, and we develop explicit stability conditions for simple steady spins about principal axes using Routh-Hurwitz and Liapunov stability analyses. Numerical continuation determines additional equilibria using rotor momentum as the bifurcation parameter. Multiple equilibria are identified and characterized, including some interesting stable equilibria corresponding to steady spins about non-principal axes. Pitchfork bifurcations from the nominal-spin state are examined analytically using Liapunov-Schmidt reduction, which produces conditions on system parameters for avoiding a jump phenomenon. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sandfry, RA (reprint author), USAF, Operat Test & Evaluat Ctr, Detachment 4, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 367 EP 387 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 738KX UT WOS:000186287400001 ER PT J AU Russell, TH Roh, WB AF Russell, TH Roh, WB TI Threshold of second-order stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN AB The threshold for second-order stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a fiber has been investigated; the study was motivated, in part, by the need to determine the operational dynamic range of SBS fiber beam combiners. Theoretical analysis showed that the second-order Stokes threshold is approximately 130 times the first-order threshold. Experimentally, however, the threshold was found to be only 15 times greater. This dramatic reduction in threshold was determined to be due to the generation of second-order Stokes photons through four-wave mixing, which in turn seeds the second-order SBS process. Suppression of internal Fresnel reflection at the front fiber facet can help to restore the threshold to the higher value. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russell, TH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2341 EP 2345 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.002341 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 602HM UT WOS:000178499900004 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV Canupp, PW Holden, MS AF Gaitonde, DV Canupp, PW Holden, MS TI Heat transfer predictions in a laminar hypersonic viscous/inviscid interaction SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID SHOCK; TURBULENCE; ALGORITHMS; SCHEMES AB Results are documented of a blind validation study to characterize the accuracy of an upwind-biased finite volume method in predicting the surface loads caused by a laminar viscous/inviscid interaction. The effort supports a recent Research and Technology Organization code validation initiative and considers a benchmark configuration of the Working Group 10, consisting of Mach 9.5 flow past a 25155 deg sharp-tipped double cone at a Reynolds number of 1.39435 x 10(6)/m. Roe's flux-difference splitting scheme is employed with a nominally third-order reconstruction method and harmonic limiting. An extensive iterative- and grid-convergence study is performed to ensure solution accuracy. Comparison with experimental data shows that overall the numerical method reproduces the features of the interaction, including location and extent of separation to a degree that may be characterized as adequate for engineering purposes. However, upstream of separation and in the narrow peak heating region, discrepancies in beat transfer rates between computation and experiment range between 10 and 15% of maximum values. An exploration of the sensitivity of the solution to small variations (up to 10%) in several flow and numerical parameters reveals only modest influence on the nondimensionalized quantities. C1 Calspan Univ Buffalo, Res Ctr, Aeroopt Evaluat Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14225 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.2514/2.6714 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 605HF UT WOS:000178671500001 ER PT J AU Bons, JP AF Bons, JP TI St and c(f) augmentation for real turbine roughness with elevated freestream turbulence SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE roughness; turbulence; turbine ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; HEAT-TRANSFER; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLAT-PLATE; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; ROTOR; FLOW AB Experimental measurements of skin friction (c(f)) and heat transfer (S-t) augmentation are reported for low speed flow over turbine roughness models. The models were scaled from surface measurements taken on actual, in-service land-based turbine hardware. Model scaling factors ranged from 25 to 63, preserving the roughness height to boundary layer momentum thickness ratio for each case. The roughness models include samples of deposits, TBC spallation, erosion, and pitting. Measurements were made in a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer at two Reynolds numbers (Re-x = 500,000 and 900,000) and three fireestream turbulence levels (Tu = 1%, 5%, and 11%). Measurements at low fireestream turbulence indicate augmentation factors ranging from 1.1-1.5 for St/St(0) and from 1.3-3.0 for ef c(f)/c(f0) (St(0) and c(f0) are smooth plate values). For the range of roughness studied (average roughness height, k, less than 1/3rd the boundary layer thickness) the level of cf augmentation agrees well with accepted equivalent sandgrain (k(s)) correlations when k, is determined,from a roughness shape/density parameter This finding is not repeated with heat transfer in which case the k(s)-based St correlations overpredict the measurements. Both cf and St correlations severely underpredict the effect of roughness for k (+) < 70 (when k(s), as determined by the roughness shape/density parameter, is small). A new ks correlation based on the rms surface slope angle overcomes this limitation. Comparison of data from real roughness and simulated (ordered cones or hemispheres) roughness suggests that simulated roughness is fundamentally different from real roughness. Specifically, k, values that correlate cf for both simulated and real roughness are found to correlate St for simulated roughness but overpredict St for real roughness. These findings expose limitations in the traditional equivalent sandgrain roughness model and the common use of ordered arrays of roughness elements to simulate real roughness surfaces. The elevated fireestream turbulence levels produce augmentation ratios of 1.24 and 1.5 (St/St(0)) and 1.07 and 1.16 (c(f)/c(f0)) compared to the Tu=1% flow over the smooth reference plate. The combined effects of roughness and elevated fireestream turbulence are greater than their added effects suggesting that some synergy occurs between the two mechanisms. Specifically, skin friction augmentation for combined turbulence and roughness is up to 20% greater than that estimated by adding their separate effects and 8% greater than compounding (multiplying) their separate effects. For heat transfer augmentation, the combined effect of turbulence and roughness is 5% higher than that estimated by compounding their separate effects at high freestream turbulence (Tu=11%). At low turbulence (Tu=5%), there is a negative synergy between the two augmentation mechanisms as the combined effect is now 13% lower than that estimated by compounding their separate effects. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bons, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Bons, Jeffrey/N-9854-2014 NR 42 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 632 EP 644 DI 10.1115/1.1505851 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 618XD UT WOS:000179442000013 ER PT J AU Spalding, MG Mertins, JW Walsh, PB Morin, KC Dunmore, DE Forrester, DJ AF Spalding, MG Mertins, JW Walsh, PB Morin, KC Dunmore, DE Forrester, DJ TI Burrowing fly larvae (Philornis porteri) associated with mortality of eastern bluebirds in Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE eastern bluebird; fly larvae; maggots; mortality; myiasis; Philornis porteri; Sialia sialis ID PEARLY-EYED THRASHERS; HOUSE WRENS; ECTOPARASITISM; GROWTH; BIRDS AB We investigated mortality among nestling eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) in Polk and Highlands counties, Florida (USA) in 1999-2001. At least six species of maggots from three families of muscoid flies, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae were found associated With the nestlings. Philornis porteri, the only species of obligate bird parasite collected, was found in the contents of two nests, in the ear canal and the musculature of the jaw of one nestling, and in the abdominal subcutis of another. This is the first record of bluebird parasitism by P porteri. Although some nestlings were infested by tissue-invading fly larvae antemortem, the role of these maggots in the overall mortality was not clear. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USAF, Avon Pk Air Force Range, Avon Park, FL 33825 USA. RP Spalding, MG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, POB 11088, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 776 EP 783 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 632TT UT WOS:000180239500016 PM 12528446 ER PT J AU Miller, Q Meekin, G Murdock, C AF Miller, Q Meekin, G Murdock, C TI The effect of topical epinephrine on peripheral nerve conduction SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Symposium of the Society-of-Air-Force-Clinical-Surgeons CY APR 16, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Soc Air Force Clin Surg DE drug : epinephrine; nerve : peripheral nerve conduction; hemostasis; surgery : thyroid; parathyroid and parotid surgery ID SURGERY; BLOCK AB Objective/Hypothesis. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of direct application of epinephrine solution on peripheral nerve conduction latency and amplitude. It was hypothesized that epinephrine does not cause neurapraxia when a standard (1:10,000) solution is applied topically. Study Design: Eleven animals were divided into two groups of five and six. Group I had their left sciatic nerves and group II had their right sciatic nerves treated with epinephrine-soaked patties. The contralateral nerves of each group served as controls. Methods. Nerve conduction studies were performed at baseline and immediately, at I minute, and at 5 minutes after patty application. Results. Latency was found to increase above baseline immediately after patty application (P = .003) for the epinephrine-treated and saline-treated groups. Furthermore, the amplitude at 5 minutes after patty application increased from baseline (P = .009) for both groups. These observed differences were below what is considered to be clinically significant. Conclusion: Topical epinephrine at a standard solution (1:10,000) does not lead to clinically significant nerve conduction abnormalities. C1 Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Biloxi, MS USA. Coastal ENT, Dept Otolaryngol, Gulfport, MS USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Miller, Q (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Room 1A248,301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD OCT PY 2002 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1888 EP 1891 DI 10.1097/00005537-200210000-00035 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 603ZE UT WOS:000178590500035 PM 12368636 ER PT J AU Lowry, TR Brennan, JA AF Lowry, TR Brennan, JA TI Approach to the frontal sinus: Variation of a classic procedure SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article ID OBLITERATION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lowry, TR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1,MCSR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD OCT PY 2002 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1895 EP 1896 DI 10.1097/00005537-200210000-00037 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 603ZE UT WOS:000178590500037 PM 12368638 ER PT J AU McNaughton-Cassill, ME Bostwick, JM Arthur, NJ Robinson, RD Neal, GS AF McNaughton-Cassill, ME Bostwick, JM Arthur, NJ Robinson, RD Neal, GS TI Efficacy of brief couples support groups developed to manage the stress of in vitro fertilization treatment SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID IRRATIONAL BELIEFS; INFERTILE WOMEN; STATE ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; HEALTH AB Objective: To assess the efficacy of brief couples support groups offered concurrently with in vitro fertilization (PVF) treatment. Patients and Methods: Couples in IVF treatment were given the option of participating in a biweekly support group at the IVF clinic at Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Tex. At least I member of 26 couples participated in the brief couples support groups, and at least I member of 19 other couples completed the questionnaires but did not attend the support group sessions and so comprised the control group. Facilitators used cognitive behavioral techniques to help participants process their feelings and cognitions about their infertility. Emotional and cognitive factors were assessed both before and after group attendance by using the Beck Depression Inventory; the Beck Anxiety Inventory; the Life Orientation Test, which assesses optimism and pessimism; the Survey of Personal Views, which measures irrational beliefs; and the Social Provisions Scale, which measures social support. Results: Women who attended group sessions were significantly less anxious after the IVF treatment than they were before the cycle (P < .001). Men who attended the group sessions were more optimistic than nongroup men or the women at the completion of the IVF cycle (P < .001) but endorsed greater numbers of irrational beliefs (P < .001). Conclusions: Despite the fact that the service was relatively inexpensive compared with WIT in the civilian community, the complexity of IVF treatment and the logistic and psychological stress experienced by couples made it hard to form and maintain such groups. Nevertheless, both men and women derived psychological benefit from the group: women reported less anxiety and men greater optimism on completion of the group sessions. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Psychiat & Psychol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Fertil Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McNaughton-Cassill, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas, Div Behav & Cultural Sci, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1060 EP 1066 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602FY UT WOS:000178496300005 PM 12374250 ER PT J AU Wood, RA AF Wood, RA TI Enterocolitis as initial presentation of acute myelogenous leukemia exacerbated by induction chemotherapy with idarubicin-cytosine arabinoside SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Letter ID NEUTROPENIC ENTEROCOLITIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Wood, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1133 EP 1133 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602FY UT WOS:000178496300012 PM 12374257 ER PT J AU Weinschenk, JJ Hardie, RC Harris, SR AF Weinschenk, JJ Hardie, RC Harris, SR TI Restoration of broadband imagery steered with a liquid-crystal optical phased array SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical phased array; broadband; image steering; image restoration ID DISPERSION AB In many imaging applications, it is highly desirable to replace mechanical beam-steering components (i.e., mirrors and gimbals) with a nonmechanical device. One such device is a nematic liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA). An LCOPA can implement a blazed phase grating to steer the incident light. However, when a phase grating is used in a broadband imaging system, two adverse effects can occur. First, dispersion will cause different incident wavelengths arriving at the same angle to be steered to different output angles, causing chromatic aberrations in the image plane. Second, the device will steer energy not only to the first diffraction order, but to others as well. This multiple-order effect results in multiple copies of the scene appearing in the image plane. We describe a digital image restoration technique designed to overcome these degradations. The proposed postprocessing technique is based on a Wiener deconvolution filter. The technique, however, is applicable only to scenes containing objects with approximately constant reflectivities over the spectral region of interest. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Electro Opt Technol Div, AFRL,SNJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weinschenk, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2613 EP 2619 DI 10.1117/1.1506370 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 606BU UT WOS:000178713900032 ER PT J AU Jogai, B AF Jogai, B TI Parasitic hole channels in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction structures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; STRAINED WURTZITE SEMICONDUCTORS; PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; EFFECTIVE MASSES; GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MOBILITY; ALN; PERFORMANCE; ZINCBLENDE AB The formation of free holes in multi-junctioned cation-faced AlGaN/GaN structures for use as heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) is investigated theoretically. The model is based on a self-consistent solution of a multi-band k.p Hamiltonian, the Poisson, and charge balance equations and includes the electron and hole-induced exchange-correlation potentials via density functional theory. The piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations are taken into account. Realistic surface boundary conditions are incorporated by imposing a sheet layer of surface donors populated according to Fermi-Dirac statistics. For cation-faced structures, the calculations show that a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) may form at each GaN on AlGaN interface, depending on the structural geometry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 233 IS 3 BP 506 EP 518 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200210)233:3<506::AID-PSSB506>3.0.CO;2-R PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 611GJ UT WOS:000179007800022 ER PT J AU Jamison, AJ Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP AF Jamison, AJ Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Gas dynamic calibration of a nano-Newton thrust stand SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The ability to measure extremely low thrust levels with unusual precision is becoming more critical as attempts are made to characterize the performance of emerging micropropulsion systems. Many new attitude control concepts for nanospacecraft involve the production of thrust below 1 muN. A simple, but uniquely successful thrust stand has been developed and used to measure thrust levels as low as 86.2 nano-Newtons (nN) with an estimated accuracy of +/-11%. Thrust levels in the range of 712 (nN) to 1 muN have been measured with an estimated accuracy of +/-2%. Thrust is measured from an underexpanded orifice operating in the free molecule flow regime with helium, argon, and nitrogen propellants. The thrust stand is calibrated using results from direct simulation Monte Carlo numerical models and analytical solutions for free molecule orifice flow. The accuracy of the gas dynamic calibration technique, using free molecule orifice flow, has also been investigated. It is shown that thrust stand calibration using high Knudsen number helium flow can be accurate to within a few percent in the 80 to 1 muN thrust range for thin walled orifices when the stagnation pressure is accurately measured. The thrust stand and calibration technique exhibit significant improvement for accurate, low thrust measurements compared to currently published results. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Jamison, AJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3629 EP 3637 DI 10.1063/1.1505096 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 598CK UT WOS:000178257400031 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Jones, K Rogers, R Dahoda, J AF Hedrick, A Jones, K Rogers, R Dahoda, J TI Learning from each other: Scheduling the strength and conditioning facility SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 24 IS 5 BP 63 EP 64 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 600VX UT WOS:000178413400014 ER PT J AU Amaravadi, K Rao, V Derriso, M AF Amaravadi, Kasi Rao, Vittal Derriso, Mark TI Structural Integrity Monitoring of Bonded Composite Patch Repairs of Aging Airframes Using Wavelet Transforms SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; wavelets; neural networks; composite patch repairs AB In recent years there has been a considerable interest in the design and application of bonded composite repairs to restore cracked or corroded metallic airframes. The long-term durability in terms of disbond of composite patch, fracture at the bond-lines, delaminations in composite patches, and structural crack growth is to be thoroughly investigated before the aerospace industry adopts composite repair technology. Many researchers have investigated the use of structural modal response (natural frequencies and mode shapes) for assessing the integrity of structural systems. Although these methods have been successfully employed in some practical systems, there still exist some problems for applications in bonded repair systems such as the high sensitivity of these systems to model and measurement errors. In this paper wavelet maps and neural networks are used to detect and quantify damage in composite bonded repair systems. Two algorithms are presented, one for the location of damage in both single and multiple locations and the other for quantifying the damage. The developed algorithms have been successfully utilized for detecting and quantifying damage in bonded repair systems using simulation and experimental results. These methods can also be used to detect damage at multiple locations in a bonded repair system. The mode shapes of the test structure are obtained analytically using linear elastic finite element analysis and experimentally with a laser vibrometer. The results obtained are satisfactory. C1 [Amaravadi, Kasi; Rao, Vittal] Univ Missouri, Intelligent Syst Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Derriso, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rao, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Intelligent Syst Ctr, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM raov@umr.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [UTC 5442-026] FX This research is supported by a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory (UTC 5442-026). The support and technical interest of Dr. Christopher Clay are gratefully acknowledged. The support of all the staff and students of the Intelligent Systems Center at the University of Missouri - Rolla is also greatly acknowledged. We greatly acknowledge the comments and helpful suggestions of the anonymous reviewers. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 161 EP 184 DI 10.1106/147592102028939 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA V36GK UT WOS:000209200800004 ER PT J AU Hussain, SM Frazier, JM AF Hussain, SM Frazier, JM TI Cellular toxicity of hydrazine in primary rat hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hydrazine; in vitro; hepatocytes; oxidative stress; catalase; glutathione; reactive oxygen species ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; RADICAL FORMATION; CYTOCHROME-C; DAMAGE; HEPATOTOXICITY; CATALASE; EXPOSURE; LIVER AB Hydrazine (HzN) is an aircraft fuel and propellant used by the U.S. Air Force. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the acute toxicity of HzN in primary rat hepatocytes in vitro with reference to oxidative stress. The effects of short-term exposure (4 h) of hepatocytes to HzN were investigated with reference to viability, mitochondrial function, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. The viability data showed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage and a decrease in mitochondrial activity with increasing concentration of HzN. The results of studies of oxidative stress biomarkers showed a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in oxidized GSH, increased reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, and reduced catalase activity. Furthermore, depletion of GSH and catalase activity in hepatocytes by buthionine sulfoximine and 3-amino triazole, respectively, prior to exposure to HzN, increased its toxicity. The results suggest that acute HzN-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, AFRL, HEST, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, AFRL, HEST, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. NR 55 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 424 EP 432 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.2.424 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 603KW UT WOS:000178559500016 PM 12377991 ER PT J AU Soto, A Foy, BD Frazier, JM AF Soto, A Foy, BD Frazier, JM TI Effect of cadmium on bromosulfophthalein kinetics in the isolated perfused rat liver system SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cadmium; bromosulfophthalein; isolated perfused rat liver; biokinetics; cholestasis ID BILIARY GLUTATHIONE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ORGANIC ANION; EHB RAT; EXCRETION; TOXICITY; CELLS; BILE; METALLOTHIONEIN; CHOLESTASIS AB Bromosulfophthalein (BSP) is a relatively nontoxic organic anion used as an in vivo indicator of liver performance. Elimination of BSP via the biliary system following iv injection requires dissociation from albumin in plasma, translocation across the sinusoidal membrane, conjugation with glutathione within the hepatocyte, translocation across the bile canalicular membrane, and excretion in bile. The effects of cadmium (Cd), anin vivo hepatotoxicant in rats, on BSP kinetics in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) were studied to investigate the interaction between liver toxicity and BSP kinetics. Livers were isolated from male Fisher 344 rats. After a 30-min period for acclimation to the IPRL system, livers were dosed with Cd (as cadmium acetate), in the presence of 0.25% bovine serum albumin, to give initial concentrations of 10 and 100 muM. Sixty min after Cd dosing, the IPRL system was dosed with BSP to give an initial concentration of 150 muM and the elimination kinetics of BSP from the perfusion medium were monitored. Cadmium concentrations in livers at the end of the experiments were 60 +/- 4 and 680 +/- 210 mumol/kg for the 10 and 100 muM doses, respectively. Exposure to 10 muM Cd for 60 min resulted in a reduction in bile flow, no significant effect on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and slight effects on BSP clearance. Similar studies following exposure to 100 muM Cd showed a dramatic decrease in bile flow with complete cholestasis 60 min after Cd addition. LDH leakage into perfusion medium at the end of the experiment was less than 10%, indicating that Cd affected bile production well before the liver showed significant signs of necrosis. Clearance of BSP from the perfusion medium was dramatically reduced. Taken together, the data indicate that Cd has a significant effect on the kinetics of BSP in the IPRL and the dominant effects were mediated through the cholestatic effect of Cd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Bldg 79,2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 460 EP 469 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.2.460 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 603KW UT WOS:000178559500020 PM 12377995 ER PT J AU Kalns, J Morris, J Eggers, J Kiel, J AF Kalns, J Morris, J Eggers, J Kiel, J TI Delayed treatment with doxycycline has limited effect on anthrax infection in BLK57/B6 mice SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; mice; murine; doxycycline; antibiotic therapy ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; TOXIN AB Blk57/B6 mice were infected with LD90 dose of Sterne strain anthrax spores subcutaneously and then treated with doxycycline. Doxycycline at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, by intra-peritoneal injection, protected mice from death when given at the same time as spores. When doxycycline administration was delayed 4h survival is 90%. Delay of 24h increased survival time but had no impact on eventual mortality. When doxycycline was delayed 48 h, mortality and time to death were comparable to sham injection. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from Blk57/B6 mice were examined for response to anthrax lethal toxin and are shown to be deficient in their ability to produce TNF-alpha and have increased expression of IL-6 compared to RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. These findings suggest that antibiotic therapy has limited effects following lethal anthrax spore challenge, even when the host is of a phenotype that does not produce TNF-alpha in response to anthrax lethal toxin exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FEM, Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kalns, J (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FEM, Davis Hyperbar Lab, 2602 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD SEP 27 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 3 BP 506 EP 509 AR PII S0006-291X(02)02226-X DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02226-X PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 600FT UT WOS:000178380500015 PM 12270123 ER PT J AU Kendig, KL Miracle, DB AF Kendig, KL Miracle, DB TI Strengthening mechanisms of an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminium; microstructure; mechanical properties; scandium AB As a step toward developing an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy for use up to 200 degreesC, the mechanisms responsible for alloy strengthening were identified for Al-6Mg-2Sc-1Zr (wt%) (Al-6.7Mg-1.2Sc-0.3Zr (at%)). The current work quantifies the active strengthening mechanisms at room temperature and explicitly considers solid solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and Al-3(Sc,Zr) precipitate strengthening. Existing strengthening models, together with data from microstructural characterization were used to determine the magnitude of individual contributions. Strengthening due to the sub-micron grain size was the largest contribution to alloy strength, followed in decreasing order by precipitate strengthening and solid solution strengthening. Tensile yield strengths, 540-640 MPa (78-93 ksi), measured at room temperature agree well with predicted values. Model predictions showed that increasing the precipitate size from 7.5 nm to 20-25 nm and increasing the volume fraction of these particles from 0.015-0.025 up to 0.035 could produce a material with a yield strength of 865 MPa (125 ksi). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kendig, KL (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 119 Z9 159 U1 4 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 20 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 16 BP 4165 EP 4175 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00258-6 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00258-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 599CR UT WOS:000178317000016 ER PT J AU Derdak, S Mehta, S Stewart, TE Smith, T Rogers, M Buchman, TG Carlin, B Lowson, S Granton, J AF Derdak, S Mehta, S Stewart, TE Smith, T Rogers, M Buchman, TG Carlin, B Lowson, S Granton, J CA Study Investigators TI High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acute respiratory distress syndrome; high-frequency ventilation; high-frequency oscillation; mechanical ventilation; oxygenation index ID ACUTE LUNG INJURY; CONVENTIONAL MECHANICAL VENTILATION; MEDICAL PROGRESS; ANIMAL-MODEL; PRESSURE; FAILURE; TRIAL; RECRUITMENT; STRATEGIES; CYTOKINES AB Observational studies of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults with the acute respiratory distress syndrome have demonstrated improvements in oxygenation. We designed a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing the safety and effectiveness of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with conventional ventilation in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome; 148 adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (Pa-O2/fraction of inspired oxygen less than or equal to 200 mm Hg on 10 or more cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure) were randomized to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (n = 75) or conventional ventilation (n = 73). Applied mean airway pressure was significantly higher in the high-frequency oscillation group compared with the conventional ventilation group throughout the first 72 hours (p = 0.0001). The high-frequency oscillation group showed early (less than 16 hours) improvement in Pa-O2/fraction of inspired oxygen compared with the conventional ventilation group (p = 0.008); however, this difference did not persist beyond 24 hours. Oxygenation index decreased similarly over the first 72 hours in both groups. Thirty-day mortality was 37% in the high-frequency oscillation group and was 52% in the conventional ventilation group (p = 0.102). The percentage of patients alive without mechanical ventilation at Day 30 was 36% and 31% in the high-frequency oscillation and conventional ventilation groups, respectively (p = 0.686). There were no significant differences in hemodynamic variables, oxygenation failure, ventilation failure, barotraumas, or mucus plugging between treatment groups. We conclude that high-frequency oscillation is a safe and effective mode of ventilation for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCCP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll,Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll,Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anaesthesia, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll,Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll,Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Trauma, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Loma Linda, CA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Resp Care, Loma Linda, CA USA. Barnes Jewish Hosp, Div Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Allegheny Gen Hosp, Dept Pulm Crit Care Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. Univ Virginia, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Virginia, Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Derdak, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCCP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Mehta, Sangeeta/C-4623-2015; OI Buchman, Timothy/0000-0001-7350-5921 NR 50 TC 309 Z9 342 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 166 IS 6 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1164/rccm.2108052 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 594AU UT WOS:000178027300007 PM 12231488 ER PT J AU Devine, RAB AF Devine, RAB TI Mobile charge, soft breakdown, and self-healing in hydrogen silsesquioxane based intermetal dielectric SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The electrical characteristics of hydrogen silsesquioxane based flowable oxide (FOx((R))) films proposed for interconnect isolation applications have been studied. It is demonstrated that negative and positive charges exist in the as-made, cured films with densities of 0.95x10(12) and 1.5x10(12) cm(-2), respectively for thicknesses of 114 nm. The negative charges can be removed from the films by application of modest electric fields (positive or negative, similar to1.75 MV cm(-1)). The positive charge can be similarly displaced but not removed from the film; this results in time dependent relaxation and redistribution of the positive charge if the films are left unbiased. Time dependent irreversible evolution of the leakage current under positive and negative bias (similar to3 MV cm(-1)) shows a slow breakdown phenomena. An unusual self-healing effect is evidenced in these films. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Devine, RAB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3162 EP 3168 DI 10.1063/1.1499234 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588CK UT WOS:000177683000035 ER PT J AU Kim, BW Nairn, JA AF Kim, BW Nairn, JA TI Experimental verification of the effects of friction and residual stress on the analysis of interfacial debonding and toughness in single fiber composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS; THERMAL-STRESSES; FRAGMENTATION; MATRIX; ADHESION; MODEL AB Single-fiber fragmentation tests were done on AS4 carbon fiber/epoxy and E-glass/epoxy specimens. Using a new interpretation of the photoelasticity fringes around fiber breaks we measured debonds that occurred instantaneously after each fiber break. The new techniques led to measured debond lengths that were longer than in prior studies. An energy balance analysis of the debond size when the breaks are far apart was used to investigate the interfacial fracture toughness. The best analysis was one that accounted for both residual stress effects and interfacial friction. It was not possible to determine all effects by debonding experiments alone and thus the most accurate results for interfacial toughness require supplemental experiments such as Raman spectroscopy or additional fragmentation observations. The best estimate for interfacial toughness was 220 J/m(2) for carbon-fiber/epoxy and 120 J/m(2) for glass-fiber/epoxy. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USAF, Struct Design & Dev Branch, Air Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kim, BW (reprint author), USAF, Struct Design & Dev Branch, Air Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 18 BP 3965 EP 3972 DI 10.1023/A:1019684312272 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 581TJ UT WOS:000177309000020 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Murray, PT Haugan, T Rogow, R Perram, GP AF Barnes, PN Murray, PT Haugan, T Rogow, R Perram, GP TI In situ creation of nanoparticles from YBCO by pulsed laser deposition SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBa2Cu3O7-delta; nanoparticles ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; AL2O3 MATRICES; ABLATION; SIZE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT AB Nanoparticles created by the laser ablation of YBCO are reported. The experimental procedure entailed pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of YBCO at a high background pressure of 5 Torr O-2. The sizes of the nanoparticles range from similar to3 to 5 nm and are typical of the depositions made using laser energies of 50 mJ per pulse. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to characterize the PLD plume. Under nanoparticle deposition conditions, the visible plume emission is very weak. Even so, the distribution among electronically excited states cannot be described by a single temperature. The plume remains collisionally dynamic even at high pressures and low laser energies and retains considerable excitation when nanoparticles are formed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45419 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Bldg 450,2645 5th St,Ste 13, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 377 IS 4 BP 578 EP 584 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00919-X DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00919-X PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 616RU UT WOS:000179317400026 ER PT J AU Verdozzi, C Schultz, PA Wu, RQ Edwards, AH Kioussis, N AF Verdozzi, C Schultz, PA Wu, RQ Edwards, AH Kioussis, N TI Layer intermixing during metal/metal oxide adsorption: Ti/sapphire(0001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ALPHA-AL2O3(0001) SURFACE; 0001 SURFACE; AB-INITIO; SAPPHIRE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; INTERFACES; ENERGY; RELAXATION AB First principles density functional calculations for adsorption of Ti on Al2O3(0001) indicate that Ti:Al2O3(0001) interfaces become intermixed. Substitutional Ti replaces a surface Al atom rather than a subsurface Al, and the Al-terminated surface is unstable under Ti adsorption. Adsorbed Ti displaces the surface Al, resulting in a mixed Ti/Al interfacial layer instead of a sharp Ti:Al2O3 interface. Our results provide a coherent picture of the structural and electronic properties of this interface and are consistent with available experimental data. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Verdozzi, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RI Wu, Ruqian/C-1395-2013 OI Wu, Ruqian/0000-0002-6156-7874 NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 125408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.125408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100058 ER PT J AU Han, J Heaven, MC Manke, GC AF Han, J Heaven, MC Manke, GC TI Hydrogen atom reactions with molecular halogens: The rate constants for H+F-2 and H+Cl-2 at 298 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MILLITORR PRESSURES; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; KINETICS; CHLORINE; LASER; BEAM; F+H2; CL; F+H-2->HF+H AB The rate constants for H atom reactions with Cl-2 and F-2 have been measured by monitoring the loss rate of hydrogen atoms in the presence of excess [Cl-2] and [F-2] via time-resolved, laser-induced Lyman-alpha fluorescence. The rate constants for H + F-2 and H + Cl-2 were found to be 2.4 +/- 0.4 (26) x 10(-12) and 2.52 +/- 0.18 (2sigma) x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. The result for H + F-2 is consistent with the recommendation of Baulch et al. [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1981, 10 (Suppl. 1)], and our k(H + Cl-2) value is consistent with the majority of previous measurements. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Heaven, MC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 8417 EP 8421 DI 10.1021/jp020293d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 591JN UT WOS:000177876500027 ER PT J AU Komissarov, AV Manke, GC Davis, SJ Heaven, MC AF Komissarov, AV Manke, GC Davis, SJ Heaven, MC TI Rate constants for quenching and self-annihilation of NCl(a(1)triangle) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CHAIN DECOMPOSITION; ATOMIC IODINE; NCL(A(1)DELTA); CLN3; KINETICS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; I(2P1/2) AB Quenching and self-annihilation rate constants for NCl(a) have been determined using pulsed 248 nm photolysis of ClN3 to generate the metastable. Previous quenching measurements that employed different sources for NCl(a) yielded dramatically different rate constants. The present study provided quenching rate constants for Cl-2, HCl, and H-2 that are in good agreement with the discharge flow measurements of Hewett et al. (J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 539). Determination of the self-annihilation rate constant required knowledge of the branching fraction for NCl(a) formation for 248. nm photolysis of ClN3. This information was obtained from time-resolved measurements of NCl(X) formation and decay. A lower bound for the branching fraction of 0.7 was determined. Self-annihilation of NCl(a) was studied by using intense photolysis pulses to generate high concentrations of NCl(a). Analysis of the second-order decay component yielded a rate constant of (7.0 +/- 1.5) x 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1). This value is an order of magnitude smaller than the previous estimate. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA 01810 USA. RP Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 8427 EP 8434 DI 10.1021/jp0256645 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 591JN UT WOS:000177876500029 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Ebel, JL McGee, DJ AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Ebel, JL McGee, DJ TI Measurement of thermal-mechanical noise in microelectromechanical systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; FILTER AB We report absolute measurements of thermal-mechanical noise in microelectromechanical systems. The devices are studied with an optical microcavity technique that has a resolution on the order of tens of femtometers per root hertz. The measured noise spectrum agrees with the calculated noise level to within 25%, a discrepancy most likely due to uncertainty in the effective dynamic mass of the vibrating bridge. These measurements demonstrate that thermal-mechanical noise can be the dominant noise source in actuated microelectromechanical devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Drew Univ, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1779 EP 1781 DI 10.1063/1.1505122 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200010 ER PT J AU Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Jones, RL Eason, DB Cantwell, G AF Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Jones, RL Eason, DB Cantwell, G TI Characterization of homoepitaxial p-type ZnO grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITON COMPLEXES; CODOPING METHOD; ALLOY-FILMS; GAN-MG; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION AB An N-doped, p-type ZnO layer has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on an Li-diffused, bulk, semi-insulating ZnO substrate. Hall-effect and conductivity measurements on the layer give: resistivity=4x10(1) Omega cm; hole mobility=2 cm(2)/V s; and hole concentration=9x10(16) cm(-3). Photoluminescence measurements in this N-doped layer show a much stronger peak near 3.32 eV (probably due to neutral acceptor bound excitons), than at 3.36 eV (neutral donor bound excitons), whereas the opposite is true in undoped ZnO. Calibrated, secondary-ion mass spectroscopy measurements show an N surface concentration of about 10(19) cm(-3) in the N-doped sample, but only about 10(17) cm(-3) in the undoped sample. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Eagle Picher Technol LLC, Miami, OK USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 1101 Z9 1148 U1 19 U2 248 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1830 EP 1832 DI 10.1063/1.1504875 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200027 ER PT J AU Woo, R Pati, R Karna, SP AF Woo, R Pati, R Karna, SP TI Time-varying response of molecular electron devices: A fundamental requirement for organic nanoelectronics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; SINGLE MOLECULES; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; CARBON NANOTUBES; CONDUCTANCE; WIRES; RECTIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB A simple formalism within the framework of the time-dependent Green's function theory is developed to calculate the time-varying response of molecular devices under small-signal conditions. Results are obtained for a model molecular wire consisting of benzene-1,4-dithiol sandwiched between two Au electrodes. From the analysis of the results, it is shown that, within the conceivable frequency range that would be used in a molecular electronic system, none of the existing molecular electronic device architectures is capable of exhibiting a measurable dynamic response. An energy condition is established that must be met for a molecule to exhibit a measurable dynamic response. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 VSSE, Space Vehicle Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Woo, R (reprint author), VSSE, Space Vehicle Directorate, AF Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE,Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1872 EP 1874 DI 10.1063/1.1503158 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200041 ER PT J AU Kalns, J Lane, J Delgado, A Scruggs, J Ayala, E Gutierrez, E Warren, D Niemeyer, D Wolf, EG Bowden, RA AF Kalns, J Lane, J Delgado, A Scruggs, J Ayala, E Gutierrez, E Warren, D Niemeyer, D Wolf, EG Bowden, RA TI Hyperbaric oxygen exposure temporarily reduces Mac-1 mediated functions of human neutrophils SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE neutrophil adhesion; hyperbaric oxygen; Mac-1; reperfusion injury; human; beta-2-integrin ID LEUKOCYTE B-2 INTEGRINS; REPERFUSION INJURY; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; PULMONARY SEQUESTRATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADHESION; INHIBITION; ANTI-CD11B AB Highly elevated partial pressures of oxygen achievable during hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) have been shown to reduce leukocyte sequestration following ischemia/reperfusion injury suggesting a clinical role for HBO in treatment of various disease states characterized by transient ischemia. Previous studies have suggested that this effect may be due to inhibition of beta2-integrin function. In this study the effect of HBO on various CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) mediated neutrophil functions was investigated in healthy human subjects. HBO 3.0 ATA, 23 m reduced adhesion 50% at 2 h with return to pre-HBO levels by 6 h. Homotypic aggregation, a Mac-1 dependent function, under fluid shear following stimulation with f-MLP was reduced from 20+/-2.6 to 3.4+/- 1.0% 2 h after HBO. However, HBO did not inhibit adhesion to IL-1beta stimulated HUVEC. Mac-1 mediated oxidative burst induced by opsonized zymosan was reduced 38.2+/-10.6% (P < 0.05) by HBO. However, oxidative burst induced by PMA or f-MLP was not affected. HBO did not alter the distribution of neutrophils displaying morphologies associated with stimulation (ruffled, bipolar, uropod) over a 24 h period after HBO nor did HBO change the percentages of mature versus immature cells. Taken together these findings demonstrate that HBO specifically inhibits Mac-1 mediated functions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Primary Lab Origin, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. 60th Med Support Squadron, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kalns, J (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FEH, 2602 W Gate Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 AR PII S0165-2478(02)00068-8 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(02)00068-8 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 574KB UT WOS:000176887200007 PM 12067761 ER PT J AU Malvar, LJ Cline, GD Burke, DF Rollings, R Sherman, TW Greene, JL AF Malvar, LJ Cline, GD Burke, DF Rollings, R Sherman, TW Greene, JL TI Alkali-silica reaction mitigation: State of the art and recommendations SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alkali-silica reaction; concrete; fly ash; silica fume; slag ID FLY-ASH; EXPANSION; CONCRETE; ADMIXTURES AB Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) mitigation techniques from various states in the United States, and from various countries and international organizations, were assessed and summarized. A set of recommended mitigation procedures was developed that requires not only the use of low-alkali cement, but replacement of part of it by Class F fly ash (or Class N pozzolan) (25 to 40% by weight), or ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), Grade 100 or 120 (40 to 50% by weight), or a combination of both. The Class F fly ash (or Class, N pozzolan) should also have a maximum of 1.5% available alkali, a maximum 6% loss on ignition, and a maximum of 8% CaO (lime). A modified ASTM C 1260 using the actual mixture is recommended for ASR testing. In addition to mitigating ASR, these recommendations are expected to: 1) reduced concrete costs; 2) enhance the durability of concrete; 3) increase fly ash and GGBFS recycling; and 4) support the 1997 Kyoto protocol by significantly reducing CO2 production. If 25% of all cement was to be replaced, total savings to the United States economy could be in excess of $1 billion every year. C1 USN, Naval Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, TSMCX, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USAF, Civil Engineer Support Agcy, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Malvar, LJ (reprint author), USN, Naval Facil Engn Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 97 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 480 EP 489 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 599JX UT WOS:000178332100008 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, PT Slagley, JM AF O'Shaughnessy, PT Slagley, JM TI Photometer response determination based on aerosol physical characteristics SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE correction factor; instrument calibration; photometer ID SYSTEM; DUST AB Aerosol photometers often are calibrated against field measurements of total or respirable aerosol concentrations. However, the response of these instruments to a particular aerosol concentration level will change if there is a change in aerosol size distribution. To determine a predictable correction factor that relates photometer to gravimetric measurements of an aerosol, the authors performed an analysis of photometer response relative to particle size distribution, density, and refractive index. A series of trials was performed at different concentration levels using both Arizona road dust and ground corn dust. The correction factor was calculated from a knowledge of the instrument response pattern relative to particle size, as well as the ratios of actual dust density and refractive index relative to that of the dust used to calibrate the instruments. Results demonstrated that the calculated correction factors were within 10% of a correction factor predicted from the slope of a linear regression relating gravimetric measurements to the average of photometer readings taken during the sample period. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, PT (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 100 Oakdale Campus,180 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 63 IS 5 BP 578 EP 585 DI 10.1080/15428110208984743 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 628KA UT WOS:000179992800006 PM 12529912 ER PT J AU Cassidy, TD Pruitt, A Carpenter, AJ AF Cassidy, TD Pruitt, A Carpenter, AJ TI Non-operative management of Boerhaave's esophagus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 97 IS 9 SU S MA 41 BP S13 EP S14 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(02)04474-X PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 597PR UT WOS:000178230400042 ER PT J AU Dahlen, RT Johnson, CE Harnsberger, HR Biediger, CP Syms, CA Fischbein, NJ Schwartz, JM AF Dahlen, RT Johnson, CE Harnsberger, HR Biediger, CP Syms, CA Fischbein, NJ Schwartz, JM TI CT and MR Imaging characteristics of intravestibular lipoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial lipomas are uncommon congenital malformations that most often are asymptomatic. A rare subset of intracranial lipomas arises within the vestibule of the inner ear, which can cause sensorineural hearing loss. We present the CT and MR imaging characteristics of lipomas within the vestibule of the inner ear and propose a pathogenetic mechanism for this malformation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed five cases of vestibular lipoma. T1-weighted axial conventional spin-echo and T2-weighted axial fast spin-echo sequences were performed in all five cases. Four patients underwent T1-weighted fat-saturated imaging, and one underwent CT scanning with Hounsfield units measured. RESULTS: Four female patients ranging in age from 10 to 40 years and one 26-year-old male patient had sensorineural hearing loss. Two patients had progressive high-frequency loss; one, sudden-onset high-frequency loss; and two, congenital high-frequency loss. All had lesions within the vestibule that displayed hyperintensity on T1-weighted images, isointensity to slight hypointensity on T2-weighted fast spin-echo images, hypointensity with fat saturation, and fat attenuation on CT scans. Three of the cases were associated with lipoma of the cerebellopontine angle. In none of these cases were the cerebellopontine angle and labyrinthine lipomas contiguous. CONCLUSION. Intravestibular lipoma is considered when a focal hyperintense lesion is identified within the vestibule of the inner ear on T1-weighted MR images. Lesion hypointensity on fat-saturated T1-weighted MR images verifies its lipomatous nature and separates it from intralabyrinthine hemorrhage or highly proteinaceous fluid. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Dahlen, RT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 59th MDW-MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1413 EP 1417 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 594LR UT WOS:000178052100027 PM 12223388 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Taloumis, LJ AF Dunn, WJ Taloumis, LJ TI Polymerization of orthodontic resin cement with light-emitting diode curing units SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID PRIVATE DENTAL OFFICES; COMPOSITE; CURE; INTENSITY; STRENGTH; DEPTH AB Commercially available light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units recently have been introduced to the dental products market. No published studies have evaluated the adequacy of cure of commercially available LEDs. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to teeth with conventional halogen-based light-curing units and commercially available LED curing units. Two LED light-curing units (LumaCure and VersaLux) and 2 halogen-based light-curing units (Optilux 501 and ProLite) were tested. One hundred standard metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to extracted human third molars with a light-cured adhesive system. The specimens were divided into 4 groups of 25 teeth each. In each group, the brackets were cured for 40 seconds with a different light-curing unit. The specimens were stored in water at 37degreesC for 24 hours and then tested in shear with an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until the brackets debonded. One-way analysis of variance detected no differences in bond strength between the 4 groups (P = .78). Chi-square analysis detected no difference in the adhesive remnant index scores of the 4 groups (P = .89). Under the conditions of this study, the LED light-curing units bonded brackets to etched tooth enamel as well as the halogen-based light-curing units. Additional clinical studies are necessary before routine use of commercial LED light-curing units can be recommended. C1 Lackland Air Force Base, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), MRDG, 59 DS,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78254 USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 122 IS 3 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.1067/mod.2002.123949 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 595CL UT WOS:000178089200004 PM 12226603 ER PT J AU Bobo, WV Miller, SC AF Bobo, WV Miller, SC TI Ketamine as a preferred substance of abuse SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Capital Area Mil Psychiat Residency, Washington, DC USA. Intens Addict Serv Element, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Bobo, WV (reprint author), 413 Harvest Bend Dr, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRUNNER-ROUTLEDGE PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1055-0496 J9 AM J ADDICTION JI Am. J. Addict. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 332 EP 334 DI 10.1080/10550490290088126 PG 3 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 611DJ UT WOS:000179000900008 PM 12584875 ER PT J AU Dawson, DL Zheng, QT Worthy, SA Charles, B Bradley, DV AF Dawson, DL Zheng, QT Worthy, SA Charles, B Bradley, DV TI Failure of pentoxifylline or cilostazol to improve blood and plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte deformability in claudication SO ANGIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL VASCULAR-DISEASE; ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; MULTICENTER TRIAL; WALKING DISTANCE; FLOW PROPERTIES; PLACEBO; HEMODILUTION; POPULATION AB Peripheral artery disease is associated with altered blood rheologic properties, including increased viscosity and decreased red blood cell (RBC) deformability. Pentoxifylline and cilostazol are available therapies for intermittent claudication. Improvement of blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability have been cited as potential mechanisms of action for pentoxifylline. Cilostazol is a new drug with antiplatelet and vasodilating activity, but the mechanism by which it promotes an improvement in walking is not known. This study was performed to evaluate and compare the hemorheologic effects of pentoxifylline and cilostazol on viscosity, fibrinogen levels, and erythrocyte deformability when administered to adults with moderate to severe claudication, A double-blind, controlled study was conducted and included 59 patients (46 male, 13 female; mean age 65 yr) randomized to pentoxifylline 400 mg orally thrice daily (n=20), cilostazol 100 mg orally twice daily (n=19), or placebo (n=20); all subjects were observed for 24 weeks. Walking ability was assessed before, during, and at the conclusion of treatment by standard constant speed, variable grade treadmill testing, Erythrocyte deformability was measured by passage of washed RBCs, 10% hematocrit in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), through a polycarbonate membrane with 4,7 to 5.0 mum pores. Whole blood and plasma viscosity were measured using a cone/plate viscometer at variable shear rates (from 4,5 to 450 sec(-1)), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was measured by a modified Westergren technique. Fibrinogen was assayed by a commercial reference laboratory, Plasma viscosities did not change significantly in any treatment group. Within-group comparisons demonstrated a significant (p<0.01) drop in whole blood viscosity (week 24 compared with week 0) for cilostazol-treated subjects (at shear rates of 45, 90, 225, and 450 sec-1), but these changes were not significantly different from those in the placebo group. There were no significant changes in whole blood viscosity for subjects treated with pentoxifylline or placebo, There were no significant changes in erythrocyte deformability, fibrinogen, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A trend toward improved walking distances was noted for both pentoxifylline and cilostazol in comparison with placebo. This trend was not correlated with changes in any underlying rheologic parameter. Ex vivo rheologic characteristics of blood from patients with intermittent claudication are not significantly affected by long-term administration of pentoxifylline or cilostazol. Pentoxifylline did not modulate viscosity or red cell deformability, a finding at variance with its putative mechanism of action. Pentoxifylline cannot be differentiated from cilostazol based on specific hemorheologic effects evaluated in this study. Different mechanisms of action for these medications should be considered. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Surg Res Serv, Houston, TX USA. RP Dawson, DL (reprint author), 59 MDW-MCSG, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 0003-3197 J9 ANGIOLOGY JI Angiology PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 53 IS 5 BP 509 EP 520 DI 10.1177/000331970205300503 PG 12 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 598EA UT WOS:000178261400003 PM 12365857 ER PT J AU Dauby, PAL Whisman, BA Hagan, L AF Dauby, PAL Whisman, BA Hagan, L TI Cross-reactivity between raw mushroom and molds in a patient with oral allergy syndrome SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOTHERAPY; FRUIT AB Background: Oral allergy syndrome, resulting from a cross-reactivity between raw fruits and vegetables and a number of pollens, is well described. However, it has never been associated with mold spore sensitivity and mushrooms. We evaluated a patient with oral allergy symptoms to raw, but not cooked, mushrooms, who also had positive skin testing to molds. Objective: To identify and characterize antigenic cross-reactivity between mushroom and mold spores. Methods: The patient underwent skin prick testing to molds and mushroom. Proteins from raw and cooked mushrooms were extracted and immunoblot/inhibition assays were performed to evaluate for cross-reacting immunoglobulin E antibodies between mushroom and mold extracts to which the patient was sensitive. Results: The patient had a positive skin prick test result to raw mushroom and four types of molds. The immunoblot assay revealed immunoglobulin E antibodies directed against similar molecular weight proteins in the raw mushroom and 3 of the 4 molds: Alternaria tenuis, Fusarium vasinfectum, and Hormodendrum cladosporioides. These protein bands on protein electrophoresis were absent in the cooked mushrooms. Inhibition immunoblot of the raw mushroom with the three molds indicated total inhibition of the 43- and 67-kD protein bands. Conclusions: We report the first case of cross-reactivity between mushroom and molds in a patient with oral allergy syndrome to raw mushroom and allergic rhinitis secondary to molds. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dauby, PAL (reprint author), Dept Allergy & Immunol, MDG SGPMI 89, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 319 EP 321 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 595MH UT WOS:000178113000017 PM 12269655 ER PT J AU Zvolensky, MJ Goodie, JL Ruggiero, KJ Black, AL Larkin, KT Taylor, BK AF Zvolensky, MJ Goodie, JL Ruggiero, KJ Black, AL Larkin, KT Taylor, BK TI Perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity in the prediction of anxiety-related responding: A multichallenge evaluation SO ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING LA English DT Article DE anxiety; emotional reactivity; biological challenge ID DIOXIDE-ENRICHED AIR; BREATH-HOLDING DURATION; SOCIAL PHOBIA; LIFE EVENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE; HEALTH COMPLAINTS; SUFFOCATION FEAR; DIATHESIS-STRESS AB We have provided a laboratory evaluation of emotional reactivity to physiological (hyperventilation), cognitive (mental arithmetic), and social (speech) challenge procedures, and investigated how preexperimental levels of perceived stress, anxiety sensitivity, and negative-evaluation sensitivity predicted anxious and fearful responding. Participants were 37 nonclinical individuals. Dependent measures included a multimethod assessment involving self-reported anxiety, frequency and intensity of bodily sensations, and heart rate and blood pressure responses to the challenges. Our results indicated that preexperimental levels of perceived stress were more predictive than other theoretically relevant variables of self-reported anxiety-related reactivity to cognitive and social challenges, whereas anxiety sensitivity was a better predictor of the emotional response to hyperventilation. Collectively, these findings are consistent with theoretical accounts of anxiety pathology, and suggest that perceived stress is an important process variable to consider in understanding the determinants of anxiety-related responding. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, Anxiety & Hlth Res Lab, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Zvolensky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, Anxiety & Hlth Res Lab, John Dewey Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-5806 J9 ANXIETY STRESS COPIN JI Anxiety Stress Coping PD SEP PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 211 EP 229 DI 10.1080/1061580021000020699 PG 19 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 595HW UT WOS:000178103900001 ER PT J AU Cuypers, J Aerts, C Buzasi, D Catanzarite, J Conrow, T Laher, R AF Cuypers, J Aerts, C Buzasi, D Catanzarite, J Conrow, T Laher, R TI Multiperiodicity in the light variations of the beta Cephei star beta Crucis SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : early-type; stars : oscillations; stars : individual : beta Crucis ID LINE-PROFILE VARIATIONS; MODE-IDENTIFICATION; PULSATING STARS; MOMENT METHOD AB High-resolution spectroscopic observations have led recently to the discovery that the beta Cephei star beta Crucis (Mimosa) is multiperiodic with at least three non-radial pulsation modes. Data obtained by the star tracker of the WIRE satellite have now allowed us to confirm this multiperiodicity in the light variations. A total of 5 million observations covering 17 days was analysed and the three main periods we find in this work are in perfect agreement with the results derived from the line profile variations. The photometric amplitudes are small (3, 2.7 and 0.6 millimag for the dominant modes), but this is not surprising in view of the mode identifications derived earlier from the line profiles. Additional periods of low-amplitude modes (between 0.2-0.3 mmag) are also derived, including one suggested earlier by the radial velocity data. C1 Koninklijke Sterrenwacht Belgie, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3030 Heverlee, Belgium. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. CALTECH, Interferometry Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Cuypers, J (reprint author), Koninklijke Sterrenwacht Belgie, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 392 IS 2 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020955 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 593PJ UT WOS:000178001100021 ER PT J AU Kalhori, S Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Rosen, S Semaniak, J Derkatch, AM af Ugglas, M Larsson, M AF Kalhori, S Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Rosen, S Semaniak, J Derkatch, AM af Ugglas, M Larsson, M TI Dissociative recombination of C2H3+ SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular processes; ISM : molecules; ISM : clouds ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; BRANCHING FRACTIONS; IONS; EXCITATION; RATIOS AB We have studied the vibrationally relaxed C2H3+ ion in the heavy - ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm. We measured the dissociative recombination absolute cross section over center-of-mass energies in the range between 0 and 0.1 eV by scanning the electron energy. The rate of different neutral product channels of dissociative recombination was measured. We found the three-body channel C2H + H + H, with a branching ratio of 59%, to be the dominant one. Finally, we compare C2H3+ and C2H2+ (Derkatch et al. 1999) results. C1 Stockholm Univ, SCFAB, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Kalhori, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, SCFAB, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM shiri@physto.se; Albert.Viggiano@hanscom.af.mil; jacek@pu.kielce.pl; ugglas@msi.se NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 391 IS 3 BP 1159 EP 1165 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020882 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NR UT WOS:000177590500034 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Fischer, MD AF Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Fischer, MD TI Moderate exercise after altitude exposure fails to induce decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; DCS; VGE; emboli; decompression sickness; exercise; denitrogenation; preoxygenation; prebreathe AB Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exercise after altitude exposure (post-exposure exercise) on subsequent altitude decompression sickness (DCS) incidence. Existing USAF prohibition of exercise following altitude chamber training exposures and interest from operational personnel prompted our evaluation of post-exposure exercise as a DCS-inducing stressor. Methods: After a 1-h resting preoxygenation, 67 subjects were exposed to 30,000 ft for 2-h while performing mild, upper body exercise. The subjects were monitored for venous gas emboli (VGE) with an echo-imaging system and observed for signs and symptoms of DCS. Subjects without DCS (n = 31) or with DCS which resolved during recompression (n = 29) were randomly assigned to post-exposure rest (control, n = 29) or moderate exercise (50% of peak oxygen uptake, dual-cycle ergometry; n = 31) and both groups were monitored for delayed or recurring DCS. Results: The altitude exposure resulted in 48.3% DCS in the 60 volunteers serving as test or control subjects. Of 31 subjects assigned to the post-exposure exercise group, 15 had developed DCS which resolved during descent. No cases of DCS were observed or reported during or following post-exposure exercise. Conclusion: The results show that moderate exercise after exposure did not result in either delayed-onset or recurring DCS. C1 Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEPR, High Altitude Protect Res Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 73 IS 9 BP 872 EP 875 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 590DL UT WOS:000177802600004 PM 12234037 ER PT J AU Grant, KA AF Grant, KA TI Ergonomic assessment of a helicopter crew seat: The HH-60G flight engineer position SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aircrew; helicopter; seating; musculoskeletal discomfort; posture ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; AIRCREW; PILOTS; DISORDERS; KNEE AB Background: Reports of back pain among military helicopter aircrew have appeared in the aviation medicine literature since the 1960s. Likewise, anecdotal complaints of back and neck pain among HH-60G crewmembers have long persisted. The purpose of the present study was to identify specific work factors that could contribute to increased musculoskeletal discomfort among HH-60G flight engineers and gunners, and to recommend actions, to remedy observed workplace deficiencies. Methods: The physical dimensions of the HH-60G flight engineer/gunner workstation were measured, and the activities and work postures of a flight engineer and gunner were observed and photographed during flight. Measurements of crew station dimensions were compared against anthropometric data for U.S. Air Force flying personnel to estimate of the percentage of the crew accommodated by the available work area. Results. Results show that the current crew seat configuration forces the vast majority of HH-60G flight engineers/gunners to assume a variety of awkward neck, back, and lower extremity postures during flight. Based on existing epidemiological evidence, it is highly plausible that maintaining these postures for sustained periods of time could lead to increased musculoskeletal fatigue and discomfort in this population. Conclusions: Two major deficiencies that can be addressed to improve posture and reduce musculoskeletal stress among HH-60G flight engineers and gunners involve the design of the crew seat backrest, and the lack of space between the seat and the side of the aircraft for the legs and feet. Specific recommendations for crew seat design are provided. C1 Environm Qual Management Inc, Fair Oaks Ranch, TX 78015 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Risk Anal Directorate, Hlth & Safety Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Grant, KA (reprint author), Environm Qual Management Inc, 8628 Fairway Green, Fair Oaks Ranch, TX 78015 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 73 IS 9 BP 913 EP 918 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 590DL UT WOS:000177802600011 PM 12234044 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Morrow, S Forster, NH Saba, CS AF Johnson, DW Morrow, S Forster, NH Saba, CS TI Vapor-phase lubrication: Reaction of phosphate ester vapors with iron and steel SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; FILMS AB Aromatic phosphate esters such as triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate (TCP), and tri(tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, have been degraded in the presence of pure iron or metal alloys such as M-50 or 52100 steel. Among these volatile degradation products are those generated from the addition of an aromatic ring to the phosphate ester. Other products, which have been identified, include substituted biphenyls and diphenyl ethers derived from the decomposition of the above-mentioned addition product. Still other products are fused ring aromatic compounds such as anthracene, which arise from secondary reactions of the initial decomposition reactions. The decomposition reactions leave a nonvolatile phosphate film on the surface of the metal. Characterization of the film with Auger spectroscopy suggests iron phosphate as the product. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the presence of a bound organic layer at the surface. A mechanism that explains many of the decomposition products and the formation of a bound glassy iron phosphate film is proposed. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3767 EP 3775 DI 10.1021/cm010921o PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 595VH UT WOS:000178128900022 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Awad, WH Davis, RD Shields, J Harris, RH Davis, C Morgan, AB Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC AF Gilman, JW Awad, WH Davis, RD Shields, J Harris, RH Davis, C Morgan, AB Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC TI Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites from thermally stable trialkylimidazolium-treated montmorillonite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; IONIC LIQUIDS; POLYMER; STABILITY; FLAMMABILITY; DISPERSION AB The limited thermal stability of alkylammonium cations intercalated into smectite minerals (e.g., montmorillonite, MMT) and the processing instability of some polymers [polyamide-6 (PA-6) and polystyrene (PS)] in the presence of nanodispersed MMT have motivated the development of improved organophillic treatments for layered silicates. Success in this regard should enable the preparation of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites from thermoplastic polymers that require high melt-processing temperatures or long residence times under high shear and from thermoset resins with high cure temperatures. Our efforts to address some of these issues focus on the use of new thermally stable imidazolium-treated layered silicates for the preparation of nanocomposites. Several trialkylimidazolium salt derivatives were prepared with propyl, butyl, decyl, and hexadecyl alkyl chains attached to the imidazolium through one of the nitrogens. These imidazolium salts were used to prepare the corresponding treated layered silicates. We report here that the use of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium salts to replace the sodium in natural MMT gives organophillic MMT with a 100 degreesC improvement in thermal stability (in N-2) as compared to the alkylammonium-treated MMT. The use of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium salt in fluorinated synthetic mica (FSM) also gives a 100 degreesC improvement in thermal stability. The use of 1,2-dimetliyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium-treated MMT gives an exfoliated PA-6 nanocomposite and, depending on processing conditions, either a partially exfoliated or an intercalated polystyrene nanocomposite. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 NR 38 TC 232 Z9 240 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3776 EP 3785 DI 10.1021/cm011532x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 595VH UT WOS:000178128900023 ER PT J AU Ebert, DL Olivier, KN AF Ebert, DL Olivier, KN TI Nontuberculous mycobacteria in the setting of cystic fibrosis SO CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AVIUM-INTRACELLULARE COMPLEX; INTERFERON-GAMMA; LUNG-DISEASE; PULMONARY-DISEASE; ABSCESSUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PATIENT; TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSPLANTATION; MICROBIOLOGY AB The diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease can be difficult to make in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, who have chronic pulmonary infections and underlying lung disease. Current diagnosis and treatment guidelines for NTM pulmonary disease are based on data from non-CF patients. The authors review both the CF and non-CF literature and offer recommendations specific to this population. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Olivier, KN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 759th MSGS MCCP,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 57 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-5231 J9 CLIN CHEST MED JI Clin. Chest Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 655 EP + AR PII S0272-5231(02)00017-5 DI 10.1016/S0272-5231(02)00017-5 PG 10 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 605AA UT WOS:000178652200012 PM 12371001 ER PT J AU Roessig, KM Foster, JC Bardenhagen, SG AF Roessig, KM Foster, JC Bardenhagen, SG TI Dynamic stress chain formation in a two-dimensional particle bed SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE stress chain; stress bridging; particulate materials; photoelasticity; material point method ID GRANULAR MATERIAL; STRAIN-GAUGES; CONTACT LOADS; MECHANICS AB Cure cast plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) consist of relatively hard particles in a soft binder. Under compressive loading, the explosive crystals come into contact that causes high stress concentrations. The lines along which the crystals are loaded are called stress chains. Damage done to these particle beds during compressive loading can lead to reaction. The photoelastic effect of PMMA is exploited to examine the stress state within a two-dimensional particle bed. Stress chain development within the bed is recorded and is shown to increase the stress state within some particles while leaving others unloaded. These concentrations form early in the loading process, leading to fracture along the stress bridges and generating likely reaction initiation sites. Through material point method simulations, contact friction is shown to have a large effect on the stress distribution within the particle bed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Roessig, KM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1177/001448502321548427 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 599JQ UT WOS:000178331300014 ER PT J AU Branam, R Mayer, W AF Branam, R Mayer, W TI Length scales in cryogenic injection at supercritical pressure SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID ROCKET ENGINE; SHEAR-LAYER AB Length scales provide some understanding of the injection of cryogenic propellants in rocket chambers on mixing efficiency, which translates to burning efficiency and performance. This project uses supercritical cryogenic nitrogen to look at high-density core flows such as those of coaxial injectors used in rocket engines. The investigation considers test conditions from 4.0 to 6.0 MPa chamber pressure at two injection velocities and temperatures. Experimental data taken by using shadowgraph images provides a means of characterizing turbulent flow structures using a two-point correlation method to determine length scales and structure shapes. The experimental results are compared to computational models. C1 DLR Lampoldshausen, German Aerosp Ctr, D-74239 Hardthausen, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Mayer, W (reprint author), DLR Lampoldshausen, German Aerosp Ctr, D-74239 Hardthausen, Germany. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 422 EP 428 DI 10.1007/S00348-002-0464-1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 597NC UT WOS:000178226800008 ER PT J AU Robinson, RD Patel, AI Adams, JE Propst, AM Bates, GW AF Robinson, RD Patel, AI Adams, JE Propst, AM Bates, GW TI Bone mineral density and diminished ovarian reserve: A prospective study. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 12-17, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Soc Reproduct Med C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 SU 1 MA P489 BP S279 EP S279 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03931-6 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 597UP UT WOS:000178239400777 ER PT J AU Hitt, E Zwitch, B AF Hitt, E Zwitch, B TI Aging avionics: The problems and the challenges SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Aging avionics have become a problem because aircraft are being kept in service far longer than the original plan. This paper discusses the four key problems of aging avionics: 1) determining the systems that are the high cost drivers in order to select those that should receive priority; 2) determining the requirements for the replacement; 3) identifying alternative technologies that will satisfy the requirements and are affordable; and 4) determining the funding required and acquiring the funding needed to replace the aging avionics. Challenges encountered in solving these problems include management and technical. The problem of aging avionics is not limited to a single aircraft, but occurs across all aircraft. Cost-effective modernization requires cutting horizontally across all aging aircraft, and coordination with the end users and the existing management structure. A key technical challenge is to select an architecture that is upgradeable since the funding limitations may ensure parts will become obsolete prior to the completion of a drawn-out production. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USAF, WR ALC, LYE, Robins AFB, GA USA. RP Hitt, E (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1109/MAES.2002.1039789 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 598LM UT WOS:000178277500005 ER PT J AU Gillespie, JK Fitch, RC Sewell, J Dettmer, R Via, GD Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Luo, B Mehandru, R Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ AF Gillespie, JK Fitch, RC Sewell, J Dettmer, R Via, GD Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Luo, B Mehandru, R Kim, J Ren, F Gila, BP Onstine, AH Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ TI Effects of Sc2O3 and MgO passivation layers on the output power of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; MODFETs; passivation; surface states ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; SIGNAL; PERFORMANCE AB The low temperature (100 degreesC) deposition of Sc2O3 or MgO layers is found to significantly increase the output power of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. At 4 GHz, there was a better than 3 dB increase in output power of 0.5 x 100 mum(2) HEMTs for both types of oxide passivation layers. Both Sc2O3 and MgO produced larger output power increases at 4 GHz than conventional plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiN. passivation which typically showed <2 dB increase on the same types of devices. The, HEMT gain also in general remained linear over a wider input power range with the Sc2O3 or MgO passivation. These films appear promising for reducing the effects of surface states on the do and if performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gillespie, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 9 BP 505 EP 507 DI 10.1109/LED.2002.802592 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 589FR UT WOS:000177748500001 ER PT J AU Quach, TK Watson, PM Okamura, W Kaneshiro, EN Gutierrez-Aitken, A Block, TR Eldredge, JW Jenkins, TJ Kehias, LT Oki, AK Sawdai, D Welch, RJ Worley, RD AF Quach, TK Watson, PM Okamura, W Kaneshiro, EN Gutierrez-Aitken, A Block, TR Eldredge, JW Jenkins, TJ Kehias, LT Oki, AK Sawdai, D Welch, RJ Worley, RD TI Ultrahigh-efficiency power amplifier for space radar applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE GaAs IC Symposium CY OCT 21-24, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc DE InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor; power-added efficiency; power amplifier ID CLASS-F; MODE AB This paper describes a broad-band switch mode power amplifier based on the indium phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. The amplifier combines the alternative Class-E mode of operation with a harmonic termination technique that minimizes the insertion loss of matching circuitry to obtain ultrahigh-efficiency operation at X-band. For broad-band Class-E performance, the amplifiers output network employs a transmission line topology to achieve broad-band harmonic terminations while providing the optimal fundamental impedance to shape the output current and voltage waveforms of the device for maximum efficiency performance. As a result, 65% power-added efficiency (PAE) was achieved at 10 GHz. Over the frequency band of 9-11 GHz, the power amplifier achieved 49%-65% PAE, 18-22 dBm of output power, and 8-11-dB gain at 4-V supply. The reported power amplifier achieved what is believed to be the best PAE performance at 10 GHz and the widest bandwidth for a switch-mode design at X-band. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. TRW Elect & Technol Div, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Quach, TK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD SEP PY 2002 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1126 EP 1134 DI 10.1109/JSSC.2002.801193 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 589TA UT WOS:000177775400007 ER PT J AU Janning, DS Munk, BA AF Janning, DS Munk, BA TI Effects of surface waves on the currents of truncated periodic arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE antenna arrays; periodic structures; surface waves ID FINITE; SCATTERING AB The behavior of surface waves in truncated periodic arrays is examined through analysis of the currents. The surface waves to be studied are guided by the perfectly conducting elements of the array itself and are to be distinguised from,the dielectric slab-guided surface waves encountered elsewhere in the literature. The conditions under which surface waves may arise will be given. The surface wave currents will be extracted from the method of moments solution for the finite by an infinite array using a least squares algorithm. Surface wave excitation and reflection coefficients will then be determined from the data and compared with the semi-infinite array solution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Analyt Designs Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Janning, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Analyt Designs Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1254 EP 1265 DI 10.1109/TAP.2002.801378 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 616LM UT WOS:000179305300011 ER PT J AU Huang, MQ Fingers, RT Turqut, Z Swaminathan, R Johnson, F McHenry, ME Ma, BM Ramanan, VR AF Huang, MQ Fingers, RT Turqut, Z Swaminathan, R Johnson, F McHenry, ME Ma, BM Ramanan, VR TI Structure and magnetic properties of Sm(CobalFexTi0.05)(9.66) alloys (x=0-0.57) and Sm(Co0.66Fe0.19Ti0.05Cu0.1)(9.66) magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE 3-D rich magnetic materials; Curie temperature; Th2Ni17 structure; uniaxial anisotropy AB Potential permanent magnetic materials with compositions of Sm(CObalFexTi0.05)(9.66) (x = 0-0.57) have been synthesized and characterized in the temperature range of 10-1473 K and at fields up to 5 T. The experimental results show that near single phase materials with Th2Ni17 structure were formed in Sm(CObalFexTi0.05)(9.66) alloys after splat quenching from 1473 K. The Ti atoms play an important role in stabilizing the Th2Ni17 structure for the 3d (transition metal) rich nonstoichiometric 2-17 compounds. Encouraging hard magnetic properties with T-c similar to 890-1066 K, M-s similar to 10.8-13.7 kG, H-a similar to 30-125 kOe at 300 K were observed in Sm(CobalFexTi0.05)(9.66) alloys. Both Sm(Co-0.66 Fe-0.19 Ti-0.05 Cu-0.1)(9.66) sintered and melt-spun powder magnets with 4piM(s) greater than or equal to 10 kG were fabricated. A strong domain wall pinning behavior with H-c similar to 1.6 kOe at RT and H-c similar to 4.3 kOe at 10 K was observed. The effect of different heat treatment conditions on the phase formation of Sm(Co-bal Fe-x Ti-0.05)(9.66) alloys was also discussed. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Magnewuench Technol Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. ABB Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Huang, MQ (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2946 EP 2948 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803179 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200347 ER PT J AU Rhymer, DW Johnson, WS AF Rhymer, DW Johnson, WS TI Fatigue damage mechanisms in advanced hybrid titanium composite laminates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article AB Hybrid Titanium Composite Laminates (HTCL) are a type of hybrid composite laminate with promise for high-speed aerospace applications, specifically designed for improved damage tolerance and strength at high-temperature (350degreesF, 177degreesC). However, in previous testing, HTCL demonstrated a propensity to excessive delamination at the titanium/PMC interface following titanium cracking. An advanced HTCL has been constructed with an emphasis on strengthening this interface, combining a PET1-5/IM7 PMC with Ti-15-3 foils prepared with an alkaline-perborate surface treatment. This paper discusses how the fatigue capabilities of the 'advanced' HTCL compare to the first generation HTCL which was not modified for interface optimization, in both tension-tension (R=0.1) and tension-compression (R=-0.2). The advanced HTCL did not demonstrate a significant improvement in fatigue life, in either tension-tension or tension-compression loading. However, the advanced HTCL proved much more damage tolerant. The R=0.1 tests revealed that the advanced HTCL increased the fatigue life following initial titanium ply damage Lip to IN that of the initial HTCL at certain stress levels. The damage progression following the initial ply damage demonstrated the effect of the strengthened PMC/titanium interface. Acetate film replication of the advanced HTCL edges showed a propensity for some fibers in the adjacent PMC layers to fail at the point of titanium crack formation, suppressing delamination at the Ti/PMC interface. The inspection of failure surfaces validated these findings, revealing PMC fibers bonded to the majority of the titanium surfaces. Tension compression fatigue (R=-0.2) demonstrated the same trends in cycles between initial damage and failure, damage progression, and failure surfaces. Moreover, in possessing a higher resistance to delamination, the advanced HTCL did not exhibit buckling following initial titanium ply cracking under compression unlike the initial HTCL. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rhymer, DW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Dept AF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP PY 2002 VL 24 IS 9 BP 995 EP 1001 AR PII S0142-1123(01)00208-0 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00208-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 581HF UT WOS:000177285300009 ER PT J AU Visbal, MR Gaitonde, DV AF Visbal, MR Gaitonde, DV TI On the use of higher-order finite-difference schemes on curvilinear and deforming meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high-order methods; compact differences; curvilinear coordinates ID FLOW; EQUATIONS; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY AB This study enables the use of very high-order finite-difference schemes for the solution of conservation laws on stretched, curvilinear, and deforming meshes. To illustrate these procedures, we focus on up to 6th-order Pade-type spatial discretizations coupled with up to 10th-order low-pass filters. These are combined with explicit and implicit time integration methods to examine wave propagation and wall-bounded flows described by the Navier-Stokes equations. It is shown that without the incorporation of the filter, application of the high-order compact scheme to nonsmooth meshes results in spurious oscillations which inhibit their applicability. Inclusion of the discriminating low-pass high-order filter restores the advantages of high-order approach even in the presence of large grid discontinuities. When three-dimensional curvilinear meshes are employed, the use of standard metric evaluation procedures significantly degrades accuracy since freestream preservation is violated. To overcome this problem, a simple technique is adopted which ensures metric cancellation and thus ensures freestream preservation even on highly distorted curvilinear meshes. For dynamically deforming grids, an effective numerical treatment is described to evaluate expressions containing the time-varying transformation metrics. With these techniques, metric cancellation is guaranteed regardless of the manner in which grid speeds are defined. The efficacy of the new procedures is demonstrated by solving several model problems as well as by application to flow past a rapidly pitching airfoil and past a flexible panel. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 258 Z9 263 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 181 IS 1 BP 155 EP 185 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7117 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 593GN UT WOS:000177982800007 ER PT J AU Powell, S Plamondon, R Retzlaff, P AF Powell, S Plamondon, R Retzlaff, P TI Screening cognitive abilities in adults with developmental disabilities: Correlations of the K-BIT, PPVT-3, WRAT-3, and CVLT SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE cognitive assessment; developmental disabilities; mental abilities ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; INTELLIGENCE-TEST; DOWNS-SYNDROME; SCALE; MEMORY; PERFORMANCE; DEMENTIA; CHILDREN; PEOPLE AB A screening battery composed of the K-BIT, PPVT-3, WRAT-3, and CVLT was administered to a population of adults with developmental disabilities residing in an intermediate care facility/mental retardation. The cognitive areas investigated were general ability, receptive vocabulary, achievement, and verbal memory. Of primary interest were the correlations between these instruments when administered to this population. The correlations between the K-BIT, PPVT-3, and WRAT-3 were direct and strong, ranging from .72 to .98, whereas the correlations between these tests and the CVLT were direct and moderate, ranging from .45 to .69. These findings support the convergent validity of the K-BIT, PPVT-3, and WRAT-3, and the divergent validity of the CVLT when administered to adults with developmental disabilities. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Childrens Hosp, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ No Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Powell, S (reprint author), Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 AR UNSP PP506-374605 DI 10.1023/A:1016084604822 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 566FU UT WOS:000176416900004 ER PT J AU Winthrop, MF Deckro, RF Kloeber, JM AF Winthrop, MF Deckro, RF Kloeber, JM TI Government R&D expenditures and US technology advancement in the aerospace industry: a case study SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE research and development; technology development; technology transfer; technology policy; historical analysis ID BASIC RESEARCH; INDICATORS; PERFORMANCE; SCIENCE AB Traditionally, the United States has not set a specific national technology policy or plan like those seen in many other nations. However, the US Government spends large amounts of money on research and development (R&D) through such agencies as Department of Defense (DoD) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This case study investigates the relationship between defense and space R&D expenditures and national technology advancement in the aerospace industry. The lag between R&D expenditures and technology advancement is also examined and modeled. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFSAA, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4748 J9 J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE JI J. Eng. Technol. Manage. PD SEP-DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 305 AR PII S0923-4748(02)00022-X DI 10.1016/S0923-4748(02)00022-X PG 19 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 628EC UT WOS:000179978800004 ER PT J AU Huang, TY Hickey, MP Tuan, TF Dewan, EM Picard, RH AF Huang, TY Hickey, MP Tuan, TF Dewan, EM Picard, RH TI Further investigations of a mesospheric inversion layer observed in the ALOHA-93 Campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE gravity wave; temperature inversion layer; critical layer; ALOHA-93 Campaign; instability ID NA WIND/TEMPERATURE LIDAR; GRAVITY-WAVE BREAKING; AIRBORNE LIDAR; MEAN STATE; SATURATION; REGION AB [1] Temperature and wind data obtained from a Na wind/temperature lidar operated by the University of Illinois group during the Airborne Lidar and Observations of the Hawaiian Airglow (ALOHA-93) Campaign, previously analyzed by Huang et al. [1998] using an isothermal Brunt-Vaisala frequency, have been reexamined to include temperature gradients in the calculation of the Richardson number. In the previous analysis using the isothermal Brunt-Vaisala frequency the existence of convective instability could not be assessed. New analysis shows that the nonisothermal Richardson number preserves some features found previously, with some striking differences noticable at times between 0900 and 1030 UT. The nonisothermal Richardson number becomes negative as early as 0930 UT, indicating conditions conducive to the development of convective instability and turbulence. The possibility that turbulence could exist at times earlier than previously thought explains more satisfactorily the large temperature increase observed before 1000 UT. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Huang, TY (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 4408 DI 10.1029/2001JD001186 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300076 ER PT J AU Koike, M Kondo, Y Takegawa, N Lefevre, F Ikeda, H Irie, H Hunton, HDE Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Sachse, GW Anderson, BE Avery, M Masui, Y AF Koike, M Kondo, Y Takegawa, N Lefevre, F Ikeda, H Irie, H Hunton, HDE Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Sachse, GW Anderson, BE Avery, M Masui, Y TI Redistribution of reactive nitrogen in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the 1999/2000 winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE reactive nitrogen; NOy; Arctic; ozone; denitrification; nitrification ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL SIMULATIONS; POLAR VORTEX; OZONE LOSS; NITRIC-ACID; TRACER CORRELATIONS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; CLOUD AEROSOL; TOTAL WATER; AASE-II AB Total reactive nitrogen (NOy) in the Arctic lower stratosphere was measured from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) in the winter of 1999/2000. NOy-N2O correlations obtained at altitudes of 10-12.5 km in December 1999 and January 2000 are comparable to the reported reference correlation established using the MkIV balloon measurements made during SOLVE prior to the onset of denitrification. Between late February and mid-March, NOy values obtained from the DC-8 were systematically higher than those observed in December and January by up to 1 part per billion by volume, although a compact correlation between NOy and N2O was maintained. Greater increases in NOy were generally observed in air masses with lower N2O values. The daily minimum temperatures at 450-500 K potential temperature (similar to20-22 km) in the Arctic fell below the ice saturation temperature between late December and mid-January. Correspondingly, intense denitrification and nitrified air masses were observed from the ER-2 at 17-21 km and below 18 km, respectively, in January and March. The increases in NOy observed from the DC-8 in late February/March indicate that influence from nitrification extended as low as 10-12.5 km over a wide area by that time. We show in this paper that the vertical structure of the temperature field during the winter was a critical factor in determining the vertical extent of the NOy redistribution. Results from the Reactive Processes Ruling the Ozone Budget in the Stratosphere (REPROBUS) three-dimensional chemistry transport model, which reproduced the observed general features only when the NOy redistribution process is included, are also presented. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Satellite Remote Sensing Res Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM koike@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; takegawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; franck.lefevre@aero.jussieu.fr; hibiki@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; irie.hitoshi@nies.go.jp; donald.hunton@hanscom.af.mil; albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil; thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil; john.ballenthin@hanscom.af.mil; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov; b.e.anderson@larc.nasa.gov; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; masui@aos.eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012 NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 8275 DI 10.1029/2001JD001089 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200040 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Denig, WF Farrugia, CJ Lybekk, B Trondsen, E AF Sandholt, PE Denig, WF Farrugia, CJ Lybekk, B Trondsen, E TI Auroral structure at the cusp equatorward boundary: Relationship with the electron edge of low-latitude boundary layer precipitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE auroral phenomena; particle precipitation; magnetopause; cusp; boundary layers; magnetic reconnection; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; IMF B-Y; POLAR CUSP; DAYSIDE IONOSPHERE; ALIGNED CURRENT; PLASMA TRANSFER; LARGE-SCALE; HF RADAR; CONVECTION; MAGNETOSHEATH AB [1] We document the correspondence between different categories of auroral forms/ activities and particle precipitation/plasma convection regimes in the 1100-1300 MLT/ 70degrees- 77degrees MLAT sector during strongly negative interplanetary magnetic field B-y (-7 nT) and smaller (2 to -4 nT) B-z conditions. Ground observations of the aurora are combined with data from two overflights by the spacecraft DMSP F11 and F12 on 8 January 1999. We describe the dynamics of the aurorae in the midday sector corresponding to the particle precipitation regimes which in the literature are designated (1) the dayside extension of the central plasma sheet, (2) void, (3) the electron edge, (4) the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL), and (5) the plasma mantle. The aurorae observed in the corresponding latitude regimes are the following: (1) the pulsating, diffuse, green line-dominated plasma sheet aurora (type 3), (2) a similar to 100 km wide latitudinal gap in auroral emission, (3) and (4) the type 1 cusp aurora characterized by recurrent (T = 2-3 min) equatorward boundary intensifications (EBIs), and (5) poleward moving auroral forms. Special focus is placed on (1) the association between EBIs and the electron edge/ion cutoff observed at the equatorward boundary of the LLBL precipitation and (2) the gap in the auroral emission profile located on its equatorward side. The latter corresponds to the observed strongly depleted field-aligned electron fluxes (void), which in our view is due to the loss of plasma sheet particles along newly opened field lines. Thus, in this case study we document the auroral fine structure corresponding to the open LLBL, with its electron edge, as well as the signature of the escape of magnetospheric electrons along the adjacent field lines on its equatorward/inward side. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Sandholt, PE (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. NR 43 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS A9 AR 1235 DI 10.1029/2001JA0005081 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634MN UT WOS:000180343700011 ER PT J AU Zaman, LF AF Zaman, LF TI Nature's psychogenic forces: Localized quantum consciousnes SO JOURNAL OF MIND AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE; NEWTON AB It has been suggested that the quantum fluctuations of the microworld may constitute or be caused by an elementary consciousness in nature that could be the source of brain-mind consciousness as well. This essay explores the possibility that the espoused quantum consciousness, when the identity "localized quantum fluctuations" equivalent to "conscious force classically manifested" is assumed, extends upward into the macroscopic world of classical physics via the "classical approximation" of the Ehrenfest theorem. Newton's laws of motion then define localized forces of consciousness that are psychogenic rather than mechanistic, which are immanent, intentional, and self-directed. In this quantum-inspired, idealist reinterpretation of classical physics, gravitational, electrical and other fields in space-time are information supplied rather than force applied, to which matter's psychogenic forces purposefully and lawfully respond. Consciousness and change (fluctuation, oscillation, flow, movement, etc...) are then an identity, whether the change is quantum (and non-local) or classical (and local) in character. The calculus of Newton and Leibniz in this quantum idealism is of and by conscious beings, rather than blind mechanisms. When consciousness is thus understood, our being is a more ordered form of matter ensouled by psychogenic forces explained by more refined systems of physics. C1 Neural Engn Res & Dev, Hill AFB, UT USA. RP Zaman, LF (reprint author), OO ALC, MASAD, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST MIND BEHAVIOR INC PI NEW YORK PA PO BOX 522 VILLAGE STATION, NEW YORK, NY 10014 USA SN 0271-0137 J9 J MIND BEHAV JI J. Mind Behav. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 351 EP 374 PG 24 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 662UB UT WOS:000181966300002 ER PT J AU Keller, TM AF Keller, TM TI California's Cushing connection: Harvey Cushing trained california's first neurosurgeons SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Harvey Cushing; history of neurosurgery ID SURGERY; HISTORY; COAST AB On September 9, 2000, California celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary of its admission to the United States. One hundred years ago, in September of 1901, Harvey Cushing began his surgical practice in Baltimore, Maryland. The proximity of these dates presents an auspicious moment for a review of the careers of three neurosurgeons trained by Dr. Cushing-Howard Naffziger, Carl Rand, and Edward Towne-who played defining roles in establishing modern neurosurgery in the Golden State. In promulgating Cushing's surgical principles and philosophy, these physicians achieved a distinguished place in the history of medicine in California. C1 60th MSGS, SGCXN, Travis AFB, CA 95435 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), 60th MSGS, SGCXN, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 95435 USA. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 97 IS 3 BP 728 EP 735 DI 10.3171/jns.2002.97.3.0728 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 593JA UT WOS:000177986400039 PM 12296669 ER PT J AU Russell, TH Willis, SM Crookston, MB Roh, WB AF Russell, TH Willis, SM Crookston, MB Roh, WB TI Stimulated Raman scattering in multi-mode fibers and its application to beam cleanup and combining SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE stimulated Raman scattering; stimulated Brillouin scattering; laser beam combining; laser beam cleanup ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBER; LASER AB Laser beam cleanup properties of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a multi-mode fiber have been characterized. It is shown that a fiber, which supports propagation of a highly aberrated pump beam, can generate a Gaussian-like Stokes beam consisting of one or more orders of Stokes components. The beam cleanup properties are found to be similar to those of stimulated Brillouin scattering, which are briefly reviewed herein. The dramatic enhancement in beam quality achievable through SRS clearly demonstrates the potential utility of fiber-based Raman beam cleanup/combining devices for laser brightness scaling. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, AFIT ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-8635 EI 1793-6624 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1142/S0218863502001036 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 614UE UT WOS:000179208700007 ER PT J AU Ebrahimi, HB Merkle, CL AF Ebrahimi, HB Merkle, CL TI Numerical simulation of a pulse detonation engine with hydrogen fuels SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The present computational study explores some issues concerning the operational performance of pulse detonation engines (PDE) with hydrogen/oxygen propellants. One- and two-dimensional, transient calculations are employed assuming finite rate chemical kinetic for hydrogen/oxygen combustion based on eight chemical species and 16 reactions. The CFD model was applied to compute the physical attributes of various global detonation phenomena, including shock speed, pressure spike behaviors, and Chapman-Jouguet detonation conditions. Methods for ensuring detonation initiation in the computations by means of a specified high-pressure shock initiation region are examined and details of initiation at closed and open ends are contrasted. The open-end initiation results help to verify the computational methodology and to gain additional insight into the behavior of the closed-end solutions. The effects of reducing ambient pressure at the exit of the cylinder for multicycle operations are investigated. Two-dimensional calculations were performed to study potential precombustion effects due to cyclic refueling processes in the engine. Results indicate that elevated chamber wall temperatures (approximately 1500 K) simulating multiple cycle heating produce some reactions near the wall without predetonation during the refueling process. Overall, one- and two-dimensional approximations are in reasonable agreement. Thrust and specific impulse are computed for a variety of conditions to give an indication of potential performance of a PDE. C1 Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Jacobs Sverdrup AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Chair Computat Mech, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Ebrahimi, HB (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Jacobs Sverdrup AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1042 EP 1048 DI 10.2514/2.6053 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 593TU UT WOS:000178010300009 ER PT J AU Rusek, JJ Chaffee, KP AF Rusek, JJ Chaffee, KP TI Property transformation of thermotropic liquid crystals polymers SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The advent of commercially available thermotropic liquid crystals polymers has led to novel uses of these plastics in the astronautics community. During the course of research, a fundamental property, termed polymers annealing, was empirically discovered, whereby thermal and chemical resistance of certain thermotropes are increased dramatically by a defined heat cycle after molding. A fundamental study of this annealing phenomenon has shown it to be a function of both rigid rod location and intermolecular forces. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy results are shown to help in understanding the complex structure and surface morphology. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Rusek, JJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, 1282 Grissom Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1105 DI 10.2514/2.6040 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 593TU UT WOS:000178010300016 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, D Camping, J AF Mollenhauer, D Camping, J TI Multilayered polymer mirror experiment SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 42nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Inst Aeronatu & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID LIQUID MIRRORS; TELESCOPES AB An experiment was conducted to determine the surface quality of two small polymeric mirrors. The mirrors were manufactured by pouring uncured liquid resin onto thick aluminum substrates and allowing the resin to cure. The substrates were flat except for an intentionally machined depression of known depth. The objective was to quantify the effects of a substrate topography flaw on the surface quality of the free face of a cured polymer material. It was proposed that the effects of such a flaw would be reduced on application of successive layers of polymer resin. To test this effect, a second layer of resin was poured onto the first layer of cured resin on both mirrors. Cured polymer surface topography for each layer was quantified using a phase-shifting Twyman-Green interferometer. The first layers of resin showed a depression exactly mimicking the underlying substrate topography flaw. The average depth of the polymer resin topography flaw for both mirrors was 0.4% of the original substrate topography flaw depth. The second layer of resin resulted in a polymer surface that had essentially no surface flaws consistent with the substrate topography flaw. Final mirror surface quality was, on average, 0.36-mum peak-to-valley (0.05-mum rms). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mollenhauer, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.2514/2.3891 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 605LL UT WOS:000178679300008 ER PT J AU Rogers, JW Agnes, GS AF Rogers, JW Agnes, GS TI Modeling a piezothermoelastic beam string SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 42nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Inst Aeronatu & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB An analysis of laminated piezopolymer-actuated flexible beams is presented. Complete development of the nonlinear equations of motion governing a continuous, slender, laminate of arbitrary thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties is presented. A closed-form asymptotic solution is developed using a combination or perturbation techniques. These governing equations are applied to a pressurized simple piezoelectrically actuated Kapton((R)) material model. Both static and dynamic results indicate shape control at optical wavelengths is possible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 725 EP 731 DI 10.2514/2.3871 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 605LL UT WOS:000178679300014 ER PT J AU DePaola, LG Mangan, D Mills, SE Costerton, W Barbeau, J Shearer, B Bartlett, J AF DePaola, LG Mangan, D Mills, SE Costerton, W Barbeau, J Shearer, B Bartlett, J TI A review of the science regarding dental unit waterlines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; BIOFILMS; SYSTEMS; PREVALENCE; QUALITY AB Background: The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, or NIDCR; the American Dental Association, or ADA; and the Organization for Safety & Asepsis Procedures, or OSAP, sponsored a workshop on the topic of dental unit waterlines, or DUWLs, on Sept. 29, 2000, at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md. These organizations invited a group of experts from the ADA, NIDCR, OSAP, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and U.S. Department of Defense, academia and private industry to participate. Types of Studies Reviewed. The sponsors asked the participants to critically review the scientific literature on the subject in an attempt to determine the evidence basis for management of DUWL contamination and potential health risks, if any, in dental procedures. The ultimate goal of the workshop was to determine if a research agenda in the urea of DUWLs should be pursued and what questions such an agenda should involve. Results. The workshop yielded four questions that need to be addressed in future research: What is the safest and most effective agent(s)/device(s) for the achieving microbial levels of no more than 200 colony-forming units per milliliter, or CFU/mL, in the effluent dental water? How should these products be evaluated and by whom? What are the adverse health effects, if any, of chronic exposure to dental bioaerosol or to the agents introduced into the dental unit to treat the waterlines for both dental staff members and patients? How could these health issues be evaluated? Clinical Implications: Developing evidence-based parameters for the management of biofilm contamination that are efficacious and cost-effective will allow clinicians to meet in proposed ADA standard of no more than 200 CFU/mL of effluent water. C1 Univ Maryland, Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Diagnost Sci & Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NIDCR, Infect Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Montreal, Fac Dent, Dept Stomatol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Bayer Corp, Sci Commun, West Haven, CT USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP DePaola, LG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Diagnost Sci & Pathol, 666 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 133 IS 9 BP 1199 EP 1206 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 595KK UT WOS:000178107900016 PM 12356251 ER PT J AU Barchers, JD Fried, DL AF Barchers, JD Fried, DL TI Optimal control of laser beams for propagation through a turbulent medium SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; COMPENSATION; PROJECTION AB Concerning the problem of transmitting a laser beam from one telescope to another telescope through a turbulent medium, it is established that using an adaptive optical system on both telescopes to precompensate an outgoing laser beam based on the aberrations measured on the received laser beam leads to an iteration that maximizes the transmission (neglecting attenuation losses) of laser power between the telescopes. Simulation results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique when the telescopes are equipped with either phase-only or full-wave compensation systems. Simulation results are shown that indicate that for a uniform distribution of the strength of turbulence, 95% transmission of laser power is attained when both telescopes can achieve full-wave compensation provided that the aperture diameter D of the two telescopes is greater than twice the Fresnel length rootlambdaL, where lambda is the wavelength of propagation and L is the distance between the two telescopes. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range,Sci APplicat Int Corp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barchers, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range,Sci APplicat Int Corp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1779 EP 1793 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.001779 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 586ZP UT WOS:000177616300006 PM 12216872 ER PT J AU Lee, J AF Lee, J TI Topology of the four-mode strain energy of thermally buckling plates SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Thermal Stresses 2001 Meeting CY JUN 08-11, 2001 CL OSAKA, JAPAN ID CLAMPED RECTANGULAR-PLATES AB Using the Galerkin representation of heated nonlinear plate equations, we derived modal equations for the first four symmetric plate modes of a simply supported and clamped isotropic plate. The modal equations have myriad cubic amplitude terms, yet each and every one of which must account for the energy conservation; hence, the Hamiltonian property is preserved. The Hamiltonian consists of the kinetic energy and the strain (potential) energy of plate bending, membrane stretching, and thermal expansion. Since the strain energy enters into the exponent of the stationary Fokker-Planck distribution for displacement, we investigate the topological structure of strain energy under a uniform temperature plate heating. The strain energy is concave with a single zero minimum for a prebuckled plate; however, it develops a double-well potential as the plate temperature exceeds a certain critical buckling temperature for each modal coordinate. The peaks of the bimodal Fokker-Planck distribution are determined mainly by the double-well potential of the primary plate mode, which is not significantly affected by modal truncations under a uniform temperature plate heated up to five times the critical buckling temperature. Hence, this explains how the single-mode Fokker-Planck formulation was used to validate the response statistics of thermally buckled aluminum and composite plates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PD SEP PY 2002 VL 25 IS 9 BP 813 EP 857 DI 10.1080/01495730290074441 PG 45 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 584MN UT WOS:000177470500001 ER PT J AU Westney, OL Lee, JT McGuire, EJ Palmer, JL Cespedes, RD Amundsen, CL AF Westney, OL Lee, JT McGuire, EJ Palmer, JL Cespedes, RD Amundsen, CL TI Long-term results of Ingelman-Sundberg denervation procedure for urge incontinence refractory to medical therapy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bladder; urinary incontinence; denervation; muscle, smooth ID DETRUSOR INSTABILITY; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; BLADDER; WOMEN AB Purpose: Urge incontinence refractory to anticholinergic medication and behavioral techniques is a therapeutic challenge. We evaluated the durability of the modified Ingelman-Sundberg detrusor denervation procedure as minimally invasive surgical therapy for intractable urge incontinence. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with severe urge incontinence unresponsive to medical and/or behavioral therapy were injected subtrigonally with 10 ml. 0.25% bupivacaine. The patients were contacted 24 hours later to determine whether they experienced a decrease in urgency and urge incontinent episodes. The 28 patients with temporary resolution of symptoms were offered operative management. All patients were evaluated with history, physical examination and fluoroscopic urodynamics. The procedure consists of transvaginal dissection of the perivesical fascia from the area of the trigone, including sharp division of the terminal branches of the pelvic nerve. Results: A total of 28 patients 28 to 83 years old (mean age 54.6) underwent the Ingelman-Sundberg procedure from April 1993 to September 1997. All patients presented with a history of urge incontinence, 10 reported concomitant stress incontinence and 10 had documented unstable detrusor contractions on urodynamic evaluation. Needle suspension and the pubovaginal sling procedure were performed with the Ingelman-Sundberg procedure in 1 case each. Mean followup was 44.1 months (range 14 to 67). Of the patients 15 (54%) achieved the complete durable resolution of urge incontinence, 4 (14%) were improved and 9 (32%) were unchanged. Conclusions: Ingelman-Sundberg bladder denervation resulted in a 68% long-term cure or improved rate in a difficult patient population, namely those with intractable urge incontinence. This brief, minimally invasive procedure is an excellent alternative to more aggressive surgical options. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Symptom Control, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Palliat Care, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Westney, OL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, Houston, TX 77225 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 168 IS 3 BP 1044 EP 1047 AR UNSP 0022-5347/02/1683-1044/0 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000025438.77821.93 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 585TA UT WOS:000177539600033 PM 12187219 ER PT J AU Prasad, SV Nainaparampil, JJ Zabinski, JS AF Prasad, SV Nainaparampil, JJ Zabinski, JS TI Tribological behavior of alumina doped zinc oxide films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 03-08, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID ZNO FILMS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; FRICTION FORCE; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; DC AB Zinc oxide, a well-known piezoelectric material, has become the subject of tribological investigations. This research describes the synthesis and tribological evaluation of alumina doped zinc oxide [ZnO(Al2O3]) films grown in vacuum by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique using hot pressed ZnO-5 wt % Al2O3 targets. For comparison, pure ZnO films were grown under identical PLD conditions. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Friction measurements were made using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Nanotribological studies were conducted on wear scars of ZnO and ZnO(Al2O3) films by atomic and lateral force microscopy. Both ZnO and ZnO(Al2O3) films were crystalline, with a strong (002) texture. The friction coefficient of the ZnO(Al2O3) film (mu=0.15) was considerably less than that of the pure ZnO film (mu=0.34). Wear scars on doped ZnO films were relatively smooth and, unlike in the case of pure ZnO films, no cracks were observed. Lateral force microscopy images of wear scars on ZnO(Al2O3) films showed dark contrast regions indicating the presence of a slippery phase. No such phase contrast was observed in the case of pure PLD ZnO film grown in vacuum. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Syst Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nainaparampil, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1738 EP 1743 DI 10.1116/1.1501567 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 596CP UT WOS:000178146700033 ER PT J AU Law, C Labre, MP AF Law, C Labre, MP TI Cultural standards of atractiveness: A thirty-year look at changes in male images in magazines SO JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID EATING DISORDERS; CREATINE USE; THIN-IDEAL; BODY-IMAGE; MEDIA; WOMEN; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; ATTRACTIVENESS; POPULATION; BEAUTY AB This study examined images of male bodies in the popular magazines GQ Rolling Stone, and Sports Illustrated, from 1967 to 1997. A sample of images was analyzed using an eight-point scale measuring levels of body fat and muscularity. Findings suggest that the male bodies featured in these magazines became more lean, muscular, and V-shaped (featuring a broad chest tapering to a narrow waist) over the years. Leanness and V-shape increased dramatically from the 1960s and 1970s to the 1980s, declining slightly in the 1990s. Muscularity increased progressively over the years, reaching its highest level in the 1990s. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Journalism & Commun, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Law, C (reprint author), USAF, Press Desk, Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RI Labre, Magdala/B-8089-2011 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU ASSN EDUC JOURNALISM MASS COMMUNICATION PI COLUMBIA PA UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF JOURNALISM, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA SN 1077-6990 J9 JOURNALISM MASS COMM JI Journal. Mass Commun. Q. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 697 EP 711 PG 15 WC Communication SC Communication GA 611KQ UT WOS:000179016600010 ER PT J AU Ren, WJ AF Ren, WJ TI Creep behavior of a continuous strand, swirl mat reinforced polymeric composite in simulated automotive environments for durability investigation Part 1: experimental development and creep-rupture SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites; automotive; creep; environmental effects; durability AB Experimental methods were developed to simulate automotive environments and investigate the creep-rupture behavior of an isocyanurate base polyurethane matrix with a continuous strand, swirl mat E-glass reinforcement. The material under stress was exposed to various simulated automobile service conditions to test its creep-rupture properties. Results showed that environment had substantial effects on its creep strength durability. The resulting data were analyzed for deriving experimental based equations. Proposed guidelines and stress reduction factors were developed for automotive structural design applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), AFRL, MLLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 334 IS 1-2 BP 312 EP 319 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01899-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01899-8 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 580LL UT WOS:000177236000045 ER PT J AU Ren, WJ Robinson, DN AF Ren, WJ Robinson, DN TI Creep behavior of a continuous strand, swirl mat reinforced polymeric composite in simulated automotive environments for durability investigation Part I: Creep-deformation and model development SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites; automotive; creep; environmental effects; durability AB Creep deformation behavior of an isocyanurate base polyurethane matrix with a continuous strand, swirl mat E-glass reinforcement was investigated for dimensional stability in automotive structural applications. Experimental data were generated in various simulated automotive service environments and analyzed to develop engineering models. Test results showed that environment had substantial effects on the creep deformation properties. Creep deformation design guide lines with respect to temperature, stress level and time have been proposed, environmental reduction factors for creep deformation suggested for automotive structural design applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), AFRL, MLLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 334 IS 1-2 BP 320 EP 326 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01900-1 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01900-1 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 580LL UT WOS:000177236000046 ER PT J AU Kim, YW Jata, KV AF Kim, YW Jata, KV TI Crack growth in a nearly fully-lamellar gamma TiAl alloy at 650 degrees C and 800 degrees C under constant load conditions SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CREEP; FRACTURE; FATIGUE AB The crack growth behavior of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy, K5S, was investigated at 650 degreesC and 800 degreesC under constant load conditions in a nearly fully-lamellar microstructural form. Crack growth at both temperatures ensues at stress intensities (K) much higher than anticipated from the R curves. At 650 degreesC, creep crack extension occurs through the formation of microcracks (interlamellar (IL) separation) and their joining to the main crack tip through ligament fracture. This results in a mainly transgranular (TG) fracture with occasional IL separation. This process features a rapid initial crack growth but at decreasing growth rate, followed by a nearly no-growth stage. At 800 degreesC, crack extension is accompanied by extensive plastic deformation and consists of an initial rapid transition period and a subsequent steady state. For similar K's, crack extension and growth rate are greater at 800 degreesC than at 650 degreesC, but even these are very slow processes for this alloy. The resistance to crack propagation at 650 degreesC is explained in terms of work hardening that arises during the extended primary creep deformation occurring ahead of the crack tip. Increased crack propagation at 800 degreesC is accredited to grain boundary and lamellar-interface weakening and extensive post primary creep damage in the plastic zone. The resulting fracture at 800 degreesC is mainly boundary fracture, which consists of IG fracture involving formation and coalescence of voids, and IL separation. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mag & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, YW (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2847 EP 2857 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0270-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 595VR UT WOS:000178129700009 ER PT J AU Abadi, J AF Abadi, J TI Algeria's policy toward Israel: Pragmatism and rhetoric SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB This article is an analysis of Algerian-Israeli relations. The author argues that Algeria did not come to terms with Israel largely due to the rigidity of the FLN's (Front de Liberation National) ideology and to the popularity of the Islamic parties in that country. At the same time, however, he argues that a pragmatic tendency in Algeria's foreign policy was evident since the 1960s and that political and economic reasons forced the Algerian regime to become more flexible in its attitude toward the Arab-Israeli conflict and to moderate its attitude toward Israel. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Abadi, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 110 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 56 IS 4 BP 616 EP 641 PG 26 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 615TZ UT WOS:000179264100004 ER PT J AU Turley, SL AF Turley, SL TI Wielding the virtual gavel - DOD moves forward with reverse auctions SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Materiel Command Law Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turley, SL (reprint author), USAF, Materiel Command Law Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 1 EP 67 PG 67 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200001 ER PT J AU McCormick, MJ AF McCormick, MJ TI The wild blue: The men and boys who flew the B-24s over Germany SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP McCormick, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200004 ER PT J AU Renshaw, JA AF Renshaw, JA TI The price of vigilance, attacks on American surveillance flights SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, 50th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Renshaw, JA (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200005 ER PT J AU Shrewsbury, SM AF Shrewsbury, SM TI Marbury v. Madison: The origins and legacy of judicial review SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, 50th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Shrewsbury, SM (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 173 BP 160 EP 168 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 625RW UT WOS:000179830200007 ER PT J AU Gerwe, DR Lee, DJ Barchers, JD AF Gerwe, DR Lee, DJ Barchers, JD TI Supersampling multiframe blind deconvolution resolution enhancement of adaptive optics compensated imagery of low earth orbit satellites SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiframe blind deconvolution; image restoration and estimation; adaptive optics; aliasing; undersampling; satellite imagery ID PHASE-DIVERSE SPECKLE; MYOPIC DECONVOLUTION; ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM; SUPERRESOLUTION; RESTORATION; NOISE AB We describe a postprocessing methodology for reconstructing undersampled image sequences with randomly varying blur that can provide image enhancement beyond the sampling resolution of the sensor. This method is demonstrated on simulated imagery and on adaptive-optics-(AO)-compensated imagery taken by the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-m telescope that has been artificially undersampled. Also shown are the results of multiframe blind cleconvolution of some of the highest quality optical imagery of low earth orbit satellites collected with a ground-based telescope to date. The algorithm used is a generalization of multiframe blind cleconvolution techniques that include a representation of spatial sampling by the focal plane array elements based on a forward stochastic model. This generalization enables the random shifts and shape of the AO-compensated point spread function (PSF) to be used to partially eliminate the aliasing effects associated with sub-Nyquist sampling of the image by the focal plane array. The method could be used to reduce resolution loss that occurs when imaging in wide-field-of-view (FOV) modes. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Boeing Lasers & Electro Opt Syst, Canoga Pk, CA 90319 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gerwe, DR (reprint author), Boeing Lasers & Electro Opt Syst, 6633 Canoga Ave, Canoga Pk, CA 90319 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2238 EP 2251 DI 10.1117/1.1497615 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 596ZA UT WOS:000178195300024 ER PT J AU Kim, I Barnes, PN Goyal, A Barnett, SA Biggers, R Kozlowski, G Varanasi, C Maartens, I Nekkanti, R Peterson, T Haughan, T Sambasivan, S AF Kim, I Barnes, PN Goyal, A Barnett, SA Biggers, R Kozlowski, G Varanasi, C Maartens, I Nekkanti, R Peterson, T Haughan, T Sambasivan, S TI Growth of YBCO thin films on TiN(001) and CeO2-coated TiN surfaces SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBa2Cu3O7-(delta); TiN; nitride buffer layers; HTS coated conductors ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; TEXTURED BUFFER LAYERS; DEPOSITION; SILICON AB Epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) layers on TiN(0 0 1) surfaces was explored, both with and without CeO2 intermediate layers. The epitaxial TiN layers were grown on MgO(0 0 1) and textured Ni substrates. Thin CeO2 (similar to200 nm thick) and YBCO (similar to300 nm thick) layers were grown on TiN-coated MgO substrates, using pulsed laser deposition. While YBCO grown directly on TiN was of poor quality, a good epitaxial YBCO layer was obtained using a thin CeO2 cap layer on the TiN. A superconducting critical transition temperature (T-c) of 89 K was measured by AC susceptibility. The critical current density (J(c)) was 6 x 10(5) A/cm(2) obtained at 77 K by whole body transport current measurement in self-field using a 1 muV/cm criteria. These results suggest that transition metal nitrides, such as TiN, are potentially useful as buffer layers for YBCO thin films. Advantages of the nitride buffer layers compared to conventional oxide buffers include high electrical and thermal conductivity, better mechanical toughness, good diffusion barrier characteristics, and relative ease of deposition. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Appl Thin Films Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Bldg 450,2645 5th St,Ste 13, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Barnett, Scott/B-7502-2009 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 377 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 AR PII S0921-4534(01)01200-X DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)01200-X PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 596NV UT WOS:000178171700007 ER PT J AU Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Sciamanna, M AF Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Sciamanna, M TI Stable microwave oscillations due to external-cavity-mode beating in laser diodes subject to optical feedback SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; STABILIZATION; CHAOS; SUPPRESSION; MODULATION AB Laser diodes subject to a delayed optical feedback may exhibit high-frequency oscillating intensities as a result of a beating between two external-cavity-modes (ECMs). We analyze the conditions for the stability of these microwave oscillations in the framework of the Lang-Kobayashi equations for a single-mode edge-emitting semiconductor laser [R. Lang and K. Kobayashi, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-16, 347 (1980)]. We show that two different scenarios are possible. If the linewidth enhancement factor is relatively large (alpha=2-5), the beating occurs between a stable ECM (mode) and an unstable ECM (antimode). The stability of the time-periodic solution is then limited in parameter space. But if the linewidth enhancement factor is sufficiently low (alphaless than or equal toalpha(c)similar or equal to1), a beating between two stable modes is possible allowing stable high-frequency oscillating outputs. C1 Fac Polytech Mons, Serv Electromagnetisme & Telecommun, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sciamanna, M (reprint author), Fac Polytech Mons, Serv Electromagnetisme & Telecommun, Blvd Dolez 31, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RI Sciamanna, Marc/F-5858-2015 OI Sciamanna, Marc/0000-0001-5048-6190 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 033809 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.033809 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 600GP UT WOS:000178382500114 ER PT J AU Shahriar, MS Hemmer, PR Lloyd, S Bhatia, PS Craig, AE AF Shahriar, MS Hemmer, PR Lloyd, S Bhatia, PS Craig, AE TI Solid-state quantum computing using spectral holes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID N-V CENTERS; LOGIC GATE; DIAMOND; COMPUTATION; RESONANCE; STORAGE; ATOMS AB We propose a method for addressing qubits using a method that combines spatial and spectral selectivity. The result is a design for quantum computation that provides the potential for a high density of quantum information storage and processing. Specifically, this method uses an ensemble of spectrally resolved atoms in a spectral hole burning solid. The quantum coupling is provided by strong atom-cavity interaction. Using a thin disk of diamond containing nitrogen-vacancy color centers as an example, we present an explicit model that may yield up to 300 coupled qubits in a single spot. We show how about 100 operations may take place in parallel, yielding close to 4x10(4) operations before decoherence. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Shahriar, MS (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 032301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.032301 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 600GP UT WOS:000178382500030 ER PT J AU Tokish, JM Powell, ET Schlegel, TF Hawkins, RJ AF Tokish, JM Powell, ET Schlegel, TF Hawkins, RJ TI Ketorolac use in the National Football League - Prevalence, efficacy, and adverse effects SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; PARENTERAL KETOROLAC; ED TREATMENT; TROMETHAMINE; PAIN; RECONSTRUCTION; HYPERKALEMIA; MEPERIDINE; ANALGESIA; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Ketorolac tromethamine is an effective NSAID for short-term relief of acute pain and can be given in oral, intravenous, and intramuscular doses. Although anecdotal reports document intramuscular ketorolac use in athletes, no study has assessed ketorolac use in a population of elite contact-sport athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine usage patterns, effectiveness, and possible adverse events with the use of ketorolac among National Football League (NFL) players. METHODS: Survey forms were sent to the head team physician and head athletic trainer of each of the 31 NFL teams. Information sought included ketorolac use, logistics, effectiveness, safety, and adverse outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty of 31 (97%) teams responded. Twenty-eight of 30 (93%) teams used ketorolac during the 2000 season. Teams that used the drug treated an average of 15 players (range, 2 to 35). The vast majority of teams' (93%) used the medication on game day. Most medical staffs found that a single injection alleviated 50% to 75% of, a player's pain and lasted 1 to 2 days. Most staffs (24/27, 89%) stated that they would give ketorolac up to once a week during the season. Six of 28 (21 %) teams reported an adverse experience with ketorolac use. These included 4 isolated muscle injuries, 1 gastrointestinal disturbance, and 1 instance of next-day postinjection soreness. Several teams also expressed concern about psychological dependence by players. Although many medical staffs were concerned about possible bleeding complications and kidney damage, neither was reported. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ketorolac use is very common in the NFL. Most team healthcare providers believe that the drug is an effective pain reliever and are comfortable with weekly use during the season. Although isolated adverse events have been noted, most team providers feel that ketorolac is safe when the team physician directs its use. C1 Steadman Hawkins Sports Med Fdn, Vail, CO 81657 USA. USAF Acad, Med Corps, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hawkins, RJ (reprint author), Steadman Hawkins Sports Med Fdn, 181 W Meadows Dr,Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 30 IS 9 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 592MA UT WOS:000177940400005 PM 20086542 ER PT J AU Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL TI The structure of a cyanobiphenyl side chain liquid crystalline poly(silylenemethylene) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE poly(silylenemethylene); hybrid polymers; X-ray diffraction ID PREFORMED POLYMERS AB The structure of a side chain liquid crystalline poly(silylenemethylene) (-(SiCH3R-CH2)-: R = O(CH2)(11)O-Ph-Ph-CN, Ph = phenyl) (CN-11) has been studied by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results showed that CN-11 has transitions at similar to92 degreesC (T-2) and similar to147 degreesC (T-1) during both cooling and immediate heating. A third transition occurred at similar to50 degreesC (T-3) during heating after annealing at room temperature. The X-ray fiber pattern of the CN-11 annealed at room temperature showed several wide and small angle reflections which were indexed by a monoclinic unit cell with parameters a = 16.8 Angstrom, b = 7.42 Angstrom, c = 43.6 Angstrom and beta = 102.1degrees (b: fiber direction), representing a crystal structure with layer thickness of similar to43 Angstrom. Upon heating at T-3, the crystal structure became less ordered (but somewhat more ordered than smectic Angstrom (S-A) and smectic C (S-C)). This was followed by S-A (or S-C) phase at T-2, and ultimately an isotropic state (I) at T-1. The observed layer thickness (similar to43 Angstrom) is about similar to1.5 times the most extended side chain length, indicating a double-layer structure with tilted or interdigitated side chains. The X-ray fiber pattern had a four-point pattern at d = 4.52 Angstrom, suggesting that the side chains in the crystal are likely to be tilted by 56degrees from the polymer fiber axis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Tsagu 702701, South Korea. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP PY 2002 VL 43 IS 19 BP 5169 EP 5174 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00195-7 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00195-7 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592UN UT WOS:000177955400014 ER PT J AU Jessen, GH White, BD Bradley, ST Smith, PE Brillson, LJ Van Nostrand, JE Fitch, R Via, GD Gillespie, JK Dettmer, RW Sewell, JS AF Jessen, GH White, BD Bradley, ST Smith, PE Brillson, LJ Van Nostrand, JE Fitch, R Via, GD Gillespie, JK Dettmer, RW Sewell, JS TI Ohmic contact characterization of AlGaN/GaN device layers with spatially localized LEEN spectroscopy SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE GaN; AlGaN; cathodoluminescence; luminescence; low energy electron-excited nano-luminescence; ohmic contacts; HEMT ID YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; DOPED GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FILMS AB Low energy electron-excited nano-luminescence (LEEN) spectroscopy has been used to correlate higher intensities of deep level emissions with higher ohmic contact values on AlGaN/GaN device layers. Deep level defect emissions in the AlGaN layers have also been identified by LEEN as a signature of uncharacteristically high sheet resistances for a given wafer. The spectral features observed locally at the ohmic contact region are compared with direct electrical measurements of the same device structures. Ohmic contacts formed by annealing Ti/AlNi/Au at 800 degreesC for 30 s in nitrogen range from 1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-4) Omega cm(2) (0.2-3.9 0 mm), with average sheet resistance values ranging from 650 to 2275 Omega/square as Al mole fraction decreases. The depth dependent characterization capacity of LEEN allows the density of defect emissions to be assigned to particular interfaces. For these samples, the deep level emissions found at 2.20 and 2.60-3.15 eV found near the surface of the sample while the defect emissions associated with high sheet resistance are found to be in the AlGaN layer itself. Unprocessed material shows that samples with the lowest amounts of midgap luminescence produce the lowest contact resistance, This information can be used to determine the outcome of device fabrication prior to contact formation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dreese Lab 205, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jessen, GH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dreese Lab 205, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1427 EP 1431 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00075-8 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00075-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 584XJ UT WOS:000177493800027 ER PT J AU Jin, O Mall, S AF Jin, O Mall, S TI Effects of independent pad displacement on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; fretting wear; relative slip amplitude; tangential force; contact conditions ID CRACK INITIATION; CONTACT PRESSURE; SLIP; STRESS; STEEL; AMPLITUDE; DAMAGE AB A fretting test setup was developed which was capable of applying independent pad movement under a normal force and stress amplitude condition. The independent control of pad movement was achieved by dual actuators in a servohydraulic test frame where one of the two actuators was directly connected to the fretting fixture. This setup could perform both fretting fatigue (stick and stick-slip) and fretting wear (gross slip) tests. Cylinder-on-flat contact configuration was used to characterize the effects of pad displacement on the fretting fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. Several tests, at different pad displacements, were conducted at two normal forces but at one stress amplitude. For both normal forces, the fretting fatigue life decreased initially as the relative slip range increased. A minimum fretting fatigue life was observed at relative slip range of 50-60 mum, and then it increased with the increase of relative slip range. When the relative slip range was greater than 60 mum, the gross sliding occurred and the specimen did not fail. The fretting life versus relative slip range relationship was independent of the normal force used in this study. Fretting regimes (stick, partial slip, mixed, gross slip) were identified using the evolution, not the shape, of fretting loops (tangential force versus relative slip). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD SEP PY 2002 VL 253 IS 5-6 BP 585 EP 596 AR PII S0043-1648(02)00061-3 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00061-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 602DN UT WOS:000178490600011 ER PT J AU Ellern, A Boatz, JA Christe, KO Drews, T Seppelt, K AF Ellern, A Boatz, JA Christe, KO Drews, T Seppelt, K TI The crystal structures of ClF(3)O, BrF(3)O, and [NO](+)[BrF(4)O](-) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE chlorine trifluoride oxide; bromine trifluoride oxide; oxotetrafluorobromate(V); oxotetrafluorochlorate(V); crystal structures; coupled cluster calculations; vibrational spectroscopy; force fields ID CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE OXIDE; FORCE-CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; XENON OXYTETRAFLUORIDE; IODINE PENTAFLUORIDE; ROTATIONAL CONSTANT; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MICROWAVE SPECTRUM AB ClF(3)O was crystallized from the melt at -42degreesC. According to its X-ray structure, (a = 982.6(2), b = 1229.5(2), c = 490. 1 (1) pm, beta = 90.338(4)degrees, space group C2/m) the asymmetric unit cell contains two crystallographically non-equivalent, pseudo-trigonal bipyramidal molecules in which two fluorine atoms occupy the axial and one fluorine atom, the oxygen atom and one sterically active, free valence electron pair of chlorine occupy the three equatorial positions. In both molecules, the oxygen atom and the equatorial fluorine atom are disordered. the molecular shape is close to that observed in the gas phase. except for the Cl-F(ax) bond lengths that are influenced by intermolecular bridging to the chlorine central atoms. The preparation of BrF(3)O from LiNO(3) and BrF(5), followed by recrystallization from SO(2)FCl, yielded crystals of [NO(2)](+) [BrF(4)](-) . 2BrF(3)O, a = 888.4(4), b = 1513.6(4), c = 830.9(3), space group P2(1)2(1)2. The BrF(3)O molecules are also pseudo-trigonal bipyramidal and are only little influenced by weak interactions with the NO(2)(+) ions. Single crystals of [NO](+)[BrF(4)O](-) (a = 577.0(1), b = 579.0(1), c = 1371.0(3) pin, space group Pnma), were obtained by partial hydrolysis of a mixture of BrF5 and FNO in presence of XeF(6). The [BrF(4)O](-) union has the expected pseudo-octahedral structure with the oxygen atom and a sterically active free valence electron pair of bromine occupying the two axial positions and the four fluorine atoms being in the equatorial positions. The bromine central atom is displaced by about 3degrees from the equatorial fluorine plane towards oxygen, indicating that in [BrF(4)O](-) the doubly bonded oxygen atom is slightly more repulsive than that of the free valence electron pair of bromine. The structure, vibrational frequencies, isotopic shifts, and force field of ClF(3)O were calculated at the CCSD(T)/cc-pvzt and MP2/6-311 G(3df), and those of BrF(3)O, [ClF(4)O](-), and [BrF(4)O](-) at the MP2/6-311+G(3df) levels of theory and are in very good agreement with the observed values. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Seppelt, K (reprint author), FU, Inst Anorgan Chem, Fabeckstr 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM seppelt@chemie.fu-berlin.de RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 628 IS 9-10 BP 1991 EP 1999 DI 10.1002/1521-3749(200209)628:9/10<1991::AID-ZAAC1991>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 598QD UT WOS:000178287200014 ER PT J AU Bhushan, B Halasz, A Spain, JC Hawari, J AF Bhushan, B Halasz, A Spain, JC Hawari, J TI Diaphorase catalyzed biotransformation of RDX via N-denitration mechanism SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE RDX; biotransformation; diaphorase; denitration; Clostridium sp. ID ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; DEHYDROGENASE; OXIDOREDUCTASE; REDUCTION; TETRYL; TNT AB Previously, we hypothesized that hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can be biotransformed by anaerobic sludge via three different routes: (1) direct ring cleavage via alpha-hydroxylation of a-CH(2) group, (2) reduction of one of the -NO(2) groups to -NO, (3) N-denitration prior to ring cleavage. The present study describes biotransformation of RDX via route 3 by a diaphorase (EC 1.8.1.4) from Clostridium kluyveri using NADH as electron donor. The removal of RDX was accompanied by the formation and accumulation of nitrite ion (NO(2)(-)), formaldehyde (HCHO), ammonium (NH(4)(+)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O). None of the RDX-nitroso 2 4 products were detected. The ring cleavage product methylenedinitramine was detected as the transient intermediate. Product stoichiometry showed that each reacted RDX molecule produced one nitrite ion and the product distribution gave a carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mass balance of 91 and 92%, respectively, supporting the occurrence of a mono-denitration step prior to the ring cleavage and decomposition. Severe oxygen mediated inhibition (92% inhibition) of RDX biotransformation and superoxide dismutase-sensitive cytochrome c reduction indicated the potential involvement of an anion radical RDX(.-) prior to denitration. A comparative study between native- and apo-enzymes showed the possible involvement of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in catalyzing the transfer of a redox equivalent (e/H(+)) from NADH to RDX to produce RDX(.-) responsible for secondary decomposition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@nrc.ca NR 21 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 4 BP 779 EP 784 AR PII S0006-291X(02)00874-4 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00874-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 643WY UT WOS:000180887000001 PM 12200115 ER PT J AU Weimer, DR Ober, DM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Collier, MR McComas, DJ Ness, NF Smith, CW AF Weimer, DR Ober, DM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Collier, MR McComas, DJ Ness, NF Smith, CW TI Variable time delays in the propagation of the interplanetary magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interplanetary magnetic field; IMF; space weather; Advanced Composition Explorer; ACE ID WIND PLASMA CORRELATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; EARTH AB Simultaneous measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF) are obtained at various locations with four spacecraft, ACE, Wind, IMP-8, and Geotail. We have devised a technique whereby the exact propagation delay time between ACE, at the L1 orbit, and each of the other three spacecraft can be derived from these measurements. This propagation delay is determined as a continuously varying function of time; when this measured delay is applied to all three components of the IMF measured by ACE, they will match the other satellites' IMF to a degree that is much better than expected. However, the actual time delays can vary by nearly an hour in either direction from the expected advection delays, and the lag times have significant changes that can occur on a timescale of a few minutes. These results are interpreted as due to the effects of tilted phase fronts that are changing orientation with time. We have used the delay measurements between multiple satellites to calculate the three-dimensional orientation and temporal variations of the phase front. The best fit phase front plane usually lies within 4 RE or less from the four-point measurements, indicating a lag resolution of a minute or less. Computer animations of the time-varying phase fronts are used to illustrate their behavior. Orientations can change on short timescales. Our findings have implications for both basic research and "space weather'' predictions. These results give a high confidence that the same IMF that is measured near L1 will most likely impact the Earth's magnetosphere, providing ample justification for use of spacecraft data in halo orbit at L1 for monitoring the upstream solar wind prior to its interacting with the magnetosphere. However, there is strong uncertainty in the timing of the arrival of the detailed IMF structures, and these delays will need to be considered. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Weimer, DR (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 589 W Hollis St,Suite 201, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. RI Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013 OI Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605 NR 25 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1210 DI 10.1029/2001JA009102 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 622FB UT WOS:000179634900004 ER PT J AU Basu, B AF Basu, B TI On the linear theory of equatorial plasma instability: Comparison of different descriptions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; plasma instability; density irregularities; growth rates; flux tube ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; TIME-DEPENDENT EQUILIBRIUM; SPREAD-F; IONOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; MODES AB [1] Three theoretical descriptions, namely, the local description, the flux tube integrated description and the ballooning-mode type description, of the equatorial plasma instability are presented for comparisons. On the basis of physical considerations it is argued that the ballooning-mode type description is comparatively the most accurate and complete description of plasma instability in the equatorial ionosphere where the inhomogeneous plasma is embedded in a dipole magnetic field. The growth rates obtained from the ballooning-mode type description are therefore the most accurate growth rates. In comparison, the local description overestimates the growth rates up to a certain altitude and then underestimates them, while the flux tube integrated description underestimates the growth rates at almost all altitudes where the growth rates are significant. This is shown for two sets of ionospheric plasma conditions. It is further pointed out that only the ballooning-mode type description provides useful information on the wavelength dependence of the growth rates as well as on the spatial profiles of the excited modes. The localized spatial structures of the linear modes along the magnetic field line that are found in the ballooning-mode type description are expected to impose topological constraints on the nonlinear evolution of the instability and thus to play an important role in the determination of the nonlinear state of the plasma. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1199 DI 10.1029/2001JA000317 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 622EX UT WOS:000179634500002 ER PT J AU Papitashvili, VO Rich, FJ AF Papitashvili, VO Rich, FJ TI High-latitude ionospheric convection models derived from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ion drift observations and parameterized by the interplanetary magnetic field strength and direction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polar cap; ionospheric electrodynamics; plasma convection; current systems ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ALIGNED CURRENTS; POTENTIAL PATTERNS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA CONVECTION; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; IZMEM MODEL; DEPENDENCE; NORTHERN; WEATHER AB [1] A series of new high-latitude ionospheric convection models have been constructed using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) thermal ion drift measurements. The models are obtained by sorting cross polar cap electrostatic potentials into magnetic latitude/magnetic local time bins. A regression analysis of the potentials in each bin is then implemented for establishing the relationships to the interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF) for three seasons: summer, winter, and equinox. A linear modeling formula for the ionospheric electrodynamics (LIMIE) yields a convection response to the average solar wind (i.e., the "quasi-viscous'' interaction) and to changes in the IMF B-y, B-z less than or equal to 0, and B-z > 0 components. The modeled convection is a superposition of the first two parameters with either the IMF B-z less than or equal to 0 or the B-z > 0 component. A global model is created by fitting the regression analysis results to a spherical harmonic function. The resulting DMSP-based ionospheric convection model (DICM) is fully parameterized by the IMF strength and direction. With this model, ionospheric convection patterns can be generated for any IMF configuration during quiet to moderate geomagnetic conditions. We compare the DICM model with other available high-latitude convection patterns organized by the IMF. The new elements in DICM are its quasi-viscous and separate IMF-dependent terms for both the northern and southern polar regions, which are not explicitly found in other ionospheric convection studies. The DICM's seasonal dependence and interhemispheric symmetry/asymmetry features show that the summer cross-polar potentials are 10-15% smaller than the winter potentials. The latter is in agreement with the seasonal dependence of field-aligned currents and with the voltage-current relationship required for the proper magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. C1 Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBXP, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Papitashvili, VO (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Papitashvili, Vladimir/0000-0001-6955-4894 NR 50 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1198 DI 10.1029/2001JA000264 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 622EX UT WOS:000179634500001 ER PT J AU Prakash, GKS Etzkorn, M Olah, GA Christe, KO Schneider, S Vij, A AF Prakash, GKS Etzkorn, M Olah, GA Christe, KO Schneider, S Vij, A TI Triphenylmethyldifluoramine: a stable reagent for the synthesis of gem-bis(difluoramines) SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The conversion of ketones into geminal bis(difluoramines) can be achieved under mild two-phase reaction conditions by employing triphenylmethyldifluoramine as an in situ source of difluoramine. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Prakash, GKS (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD AUG 21 PY 2002 IS 16 BP 1712 EP 1713 DI 10.1039/b203811k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 584WW UT WOS:000177492600028 PM 12196962 ER PT J AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW Ling, AG AF Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW Ling, AG TI The semiannual variation of great geomagnetic storms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTA; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; SOLAR AB [1] The occurrence frequency of the largest geomagnetic storms from 1868-1998 exhibits a well-defined semiannual modulation with more than twice as many storms occurring during equinoctial months than at the solstices. To examine the cause of this seasonal imbalance, we empirically obtained a new geomagnetic index aa(m) that has the same seasonal and Universal Time variation as the am index. In effect, this extends the am index backward in time to 1868. By normalizing the aa(m) time series for Psi, the angle between the solar wind flow direction and Earth's dipole, we removed 75% of the amplitude of the six-month wave in monthly averages of aam and similar to75% of the seasonal discrepancy in the numbers of great storms. We obtained similar percentages for the (unmodified) am index over the shorter 1959-1998 interval. These results indicate that most, though not all, of the discrepancy in storm counts between the equinoxes and solstices is due to an equinoctial effect. C1 Easy Tool Kit Inc, Houston, TX 77055 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Svalgaard, L (reprint author), Easy Tool Kit Inc, 6927 Lawler Ridge, Houston, TX 77055 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 16 AR 1765 DI 10.1029/2001GL014145 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 622DH UT WOS:000179630900005 ER PT J AU Raghavan, S Rotella, P Stintz, A Fuchs, B Krishna, S Morath, C Cardimona, DA Kennerly, SW AF Raghavan, S Rotella, P Stintz, A Fuchs, B Krishna, S Morath, C Cardimona, DA Kennerly, SW TI High-responsivity, normal-incidence long-wave infrared (lambda similar to 7.2 mu m) InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As dots-in-a-well detector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; MIDINFRARED PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; PHOTODETECTORS; DETECTIVITY AB Normal incidence InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As dots-in-a-well detectors operating at T=78 K with lambda(p)similar to7.2 mum and a spectral width (Deltalambda/lambda) of 35% are reported. The peak at 7.2 mum is attributed to the bound-to-bound transitions between the ground state of the dot and the states within the InGaAs well. A broad shoulder around 5 mum, which is attributed to the bound-to-continuum transition, is also observed. Calibrated blackbody measurements at a device temperature of 78 K yield a peak responsivity of 3.58 A/W (V-b=-1 V), peak detectivity=2.7x10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W (V-b=-0.3 V), conversion efficiency of 57% and a gain similar to25. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Raghavan, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009; Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 17 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1369 EP 1371 DI 10.1063/1.1498009 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 582LC UT WOS:000177351600001 ER PT J AU Sarua, A Kuball, M Van Nostrand, JE AF Sarua, A Kuball, M Van Nostrand, JE TI Deformation potentials of the E-2(high) phonon mode of AlN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ALPHA-GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE; NITRIDE; STRESS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SILICON; STRAIN; INN AB AlN layers grown on (111)-oriented silicon substrates were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The deformation potentials of the nonpolar E-2(high) phonon mode of hexagonal AlN were derived from phonon frequency shifts under biaxial stress applied to the layer. Stress was applied by mechanical bending of the wafer with resulting in-plane biaxial stress in AlN. The technique allows one to avoid the uncertainty of x-ray diffraction strain determination inherent to experimental methods commonly used for deformation potentials determination in III-V nitrides. The obtained values for the phonon deformation potentials are in reasonably good agreement with previous theoretical calculations. For pure biaxial stress, we determine a phonon frequency shift of 3 cm(-1)/GPa. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sarua, A (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1426 EP 1428 DI 10.1063/1.1501762 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 582LC UT WOS:000177351600020 ER PT J AU Arnold, S Miller, TM Viggiano, A Knighton, WB Mayhew, CA AF Arnold, S Miller, TM Viggiano, A Knighton, WB Mayhew, CA TI Temperature dependent electron and anion chemistry of the super greenhouse gas SF5CF3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 200-PHYS BP U324 EP U324 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301698 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Juhl, SB Lyons, CB Farmer, BL Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Juhl, SB Lyons, CB Farmer, BL Tan, LS TI Synthesis and properties of polyaryleneetherketone (PEK)-co-polybenzobisthiazole (PBZT)-co-polyaryleneetherketone (PEK) aba triblock copolymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFFL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, AFRL, MLBP,UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 106-POLY BP U373 EP U373 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301983 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Zweifel, DA Rabe, MR Gord, JR AF Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Zweifel, DA Rabe, MR Gord, JR TI Solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in two component high-temperature, high-pressure supercritical fluids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 049-PETR BP U274 EP U275 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301464 ER PT J AU Dalton, MJ Feld, WA Johnson, JA Thiesing, NC Cerbus, CA Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD AF Dalton, MJ Feld, WA Johnson, JA Thiesing, NC Cerbus, CA Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD TI Synthesis and characterization of polyaryleneetherketone phosphine oxides incorporating cycloaliphatic units for space thermal control coatings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorat, AFRL,MLBT,Nanostruct Mat Branch,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 117-POLY BP U374 EP U374 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301994 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Dean, DR Vaia, RA AF Ganguli, S Dean, DR Vaia, RA TI Mechanical properties of intercalated cyanate ester-layered silicate nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tuskegee Univ, Chappie James Ctr 101, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 026-PMSE BP U492 EP U492 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302667 ER PT J AU Glezakou, VA Boatz, JA Taylor, PR McCammon, JA Langhoff, PW AF Glezakou, VA Boatz, JA Taylor, PR McCammon, JA Langhoff, PW TI Theoretical studies of green fluorescent protein chromophore. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci Div, PRSP, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 290-PHYS BP U338 EP U338 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301787 ER PT J AU Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP AF Jakubiak, R Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP TI Switchable photonic band gap lasing resonators from holographic polymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CNR, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 356-POLY BP U409 EP U409 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302231 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA O'Malley, MJ AF Johnson, JA O'Malley, MJ TI Dispersion and resultant film properties of vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) pigmented conductive coatings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonstruct Mat Branch, AFRL,MLBT,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. So Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 187-PMSE BP U518 EP U518 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302826 ER PT J AU Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Chiu, Y Dressler, RA AF Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Chiu, Y Dressler, RA TI Guided-ion beam studies of reactions between O+ and small alkanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 189-PHYS BP U322 EP U322 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301687 ER PT J AU Link, DD Minus, D Striebich, RC Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS AF Link, DD Minus, D Striebich, RC Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS TI Analysis of total sulfur and speciated sulfur compounds in aviation fuel. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. USAF, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 033-PETR BP U272 EP U272 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301448 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Williams, S Morris, RA Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Williams, S Morris, RA Viggiano, AA TI Air plasma ion reactions with cycloalkanes from 298-700 K. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Visidyne Inc, Burlington, MA 02476 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 287-PHYS BP U338 EP U338 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301784 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL AF Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL TI Real-time study of the formation of anisotropic reflective H-PDLC gratings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 354-POLY BP U409 EP U409 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302229 ER PT J AU Obringer, C Ervin, J Zabarnick, S Vangsness, MD Williams, TF Binns, KE Dieterle, G AF Obringer, C Ervin, J Zabarnick, S Vangsness, MD Williams, TF Binns, KE Dieterle, G TI Low temperature fuel additive evaluation using low temperature fuel simulators. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Fuels Branch, PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 045-PETR BP U274 EP U274 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301460 ER PT J AU Phelps, DK AF Phelps, DK TI Molecular dynamics study of reverse micelle formation in fuel. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 048-PETR BP U274 EP U274 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301463 ER PT J AU Qian, XM Zhang, T Chiu, Y Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA Ng, CY AF Qian, XM Zhang, T Chiu, Y Levandier, DJ Miller, JS Dressler, RA Ng, CY TI H-2(+)(V)+Ne proton-transfer cross sections for V=1 to 13. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 338-PHYS BP U346 EP U346 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301835 ER PT J AU Rozenzhak, SN Streibich, RC Bunker, CE AF Rozenzhak, SN Streibich, RC Bunker, CE TI Development of a high-speed jet-fuel diagnostic system using gas chromatography and principal component analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 037-PETR BP U273 EP U273 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301452 ER PT J AU Van Valkenburg, ME Vaughn, RL Williams, M Wilkes, JS AF Van Valkenburg, ME Vaughn, RL Williams, M Wilkes, JS TI Contaminant effects on thermal properties of ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 071-IEC BP U621 EP U622 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203146 ER PT J AU Vij, A Wilson, W Vij, V Tham, F Gerken, M Christe, K AF Vij, A Wilson, W Vij, V Tham, F Gerken, M Christe, K TI Nitrogen fluoride chemistry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 039-FLUO BP U549 EP U549 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202808 ER PT J AU Widera, J Reich, RF Pacey, GE Puckett, SD Bunker, CE Gord, JR AF Widera, J Reich, RF Pacey, GE Puckett, SD Bunker, CE Gord, JR TI Long-period-grating fiber-optic sensors for smart nozzle development. Evaluation of a commercial Cu2+ sensor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 038-PETR BP U273 EP U273 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301453 ER PT J AU Spalek, O Jirasek, V Censky, M Kodymova, J Jakubec, I Hager, GD AF Spalek, O Jirasek, V Censky, M Kodymova, J Jakubec, I Hager, GD TI Chemical generation of atomic iodine for the chemical oxygen-iodine laser. II. Experimental results SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic iodine; atomic chlorine; chemical oxygen-iodine laser; COIL ID OUTPUT POWER ENHANCEMENT; INJECTION; COIL AB A new method for the chemical generation of atomic iodine intended for use in a chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) was investigated experimentally. The method is based on the fast reaction of hydrogen iodide with chemically produced chlorine atoms. Effects of the initial ratio of reactants and their mixing in a flow of nitrogen were investigated experimentally and interpreted by means of a computational model for the reaction system. The yield of iodine atoms in the nitrogen flow reached 70-100% under optimum experimental conditions. Gain was observed in preliminary experiments on the chemical generation of atomic iodine in a flow of singlet oxygen. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Inorgan Chem, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. USAF, Res Lab DE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Spalek, O (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. RI Jirasek, Vit/G-5574-2014; Censky, Miroslav/G-6412-2014; Jakubec, Ivo/G-6643-2014; Kodymova, Jarmila/H-3077-2014 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 282 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 AR PII S0301-0104(02)00629-8 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(02)00629-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 580YA UT WOS:000177263300016 ER PT J AU Baker, J Myatt, J Christofides, PD AF Baker, J Myatt, J Christofides, PD TI Drag reduction in flow over a flat plate using active feedback control SO COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE distributed parameter systems; flow control; control actuation ID KURAMOTO-SIVASHINSKY EQUATION; STABILITY ENHANCEMENT; BOUNDARY-CONDITION; BURGERS-EQUATION; CHANNEL FLOW; OUTFLOW; SYSTEMS AB This paper focuses on two-dimensional incompressible Newtonian fluid flow over a flat plate and studies the problem of reducing the frictional drag exerted on the plate using active feedback control. Several alternative control configurations, including both pointwise and spatially uniform control actuation and sensing, are developed and tested through computer simulations. All control configurations use control actuation in the form of blowing/suction on the plate and measurements of shear stresses along the plate. The simulation results indicate that the use of active feedback control, which employs reasonable control effort, can significantly reduce the frictional drag exerted on the plate compared to the open-loop values. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Christofides, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, 5531 Boetler Hall,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM pdc@seas.ucla.edu RI Christofides, Panagiotis/C-3527-2009 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-1354 J9 COMPUT CHEM ENG JI Comput. Chem. Eng. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 26 IS 7-8 BP 1095 EP 1102 AR PII S0098-1354(02)00028-5 DI 10.1016/S0098-1354(02)00028-5 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 585XH UT WOS:000177549800012 ER PT J AU Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Morgan, PA Chiu, J Naksrisook, S Boenim, W Bussaratid, V Chaddic, C Phonrat, B Sirijongdee, N Sornsathapornkul, P Sontirat, A Srisaengchai, P Suwanarach, C Wongkamhaeng, S Brown, AE Khamboonruang, C Nitayaphan, S Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareon, P AF Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Morgan, PA Chiu, J Naksrisook, S Boenim, W Bussaratid, V Chaddic, C Phonrat, B Sirijongdee, N Sornsathapornkul, P Sontirat, A Srisaengchai, P Suwanarach, C Wongkamhaeng, S Brown, AE Khamboonruang, C Nitayaphan, S Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareon, P CA Thai AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Grp TI Recruiting volunteers for a multisite phase I/II HIV preventive vaccine trial in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine trials; research participation; ethical issues; motivation; altruism; developing countries; Thailand ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NORTHERN THAILAND; WILLINGNESS; PARTICIPATE; MEN; INFECTION; BANGKOK; ISSUES AB Factors believed to be predictive of retention through the recruitment and screening processes for preventive HIV trials were investigated in a large multisite phase I/II HIV vaccine trial in Thailand. Retention through recruitment was equal to or greater than in previous smaller trials with similar populations. The data suggested that recruitment proceeded in a stepwise manner with different influences at each step. Demographic and motivational variables were most important in predicting retention in making and keeping screening appointments. Altruistic or mixed altruistic and nonaltruistic motives were associated with greater retention. Laboratory/medical variables appeared to be the main influence on retention during screening, although some volunteers withdrew for different reasons. The frequent presence of mixed (altruistic and nonaltruistic) motives at initial contact suggests that motivation for trials is more complex than has been previously acknowledged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal Thai Army, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriaj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Vaccine Trial Ctr, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bangkok, Thailand. USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Nursing, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000021702.48448.FB PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 582NJ UT WOS:000177357800006 PM 12154341 ER PT J AU Boyd, ID Dressler, RA AF Boyd, ID Dressler, RA TI Far field modeling of the plasma plume of a Hall thruster SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION AB Hall thrusters are an attractive form of electric propulsion that are being developed and implemented to replace chemical systems for many in orbit propulsion tasks on communications satellites. One concern in the use of these devices is the possible damage their plumes may cause to the host spacecraft. Computer models of Hall thruster plumes play an important role in integration of these devices onto spacecraft as the space environment is not easily reproduced in ground testing facilities. In this article, a hybrid particle-fluid model of a Hall thruster plume is applied to model the SPT-100 thrusters used on the Russian Express satellites. The emphasis of the article is on making assessment of the model through direct comparison with measurements of ion current density and ion energy distributions taken on board Express spacecraft. A model for simulating atom-ion collisions is described. The sensitivity of the plume simulation results to various aspects of the physical modeling is investigated. The plume model is able to predict many of the most important characteristics of the measured data. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Boyd, ID (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1764 EP 1774 DI 10.1063/1.1492014 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579HC UT WOS:000177171700005 ER PT J AU Drummond, JD Grime, BW Gardner, CS Liu, AZ Chu, XZ Kelley, MC Kruschwitz, C Kane, TJ AF Drummond, JD Grime, BW Gardner, CS Liu, AZ Chu, XZ Kelley, MC Kruschwitz, C Kane, TJ TI Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails - 3. The "Glowworm'' SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE meteor; persistent meteor trails; comets; airglow; gravity waves; mesosphere ID SHOWER; ADVECTION; LIDAR AB [1] A spectacular, well-observed Leonid meteor of visual magnitude -14.3 appeared on 17 November 1998 and left a lingering trail, dubbed the Glowworm, that was well studied. From a location on Kirtland Air Force Base, near Albuquerque, New Mexico, we obtained CCD images of the trail from 94 to 203 s after the meteor and recorded a video with an intensified camera for even longer. From information obtained with a sodium lidar half an hour after the meteor, we have determined that a gravity wave with a vertical wavelength of 2.4 km was responsible for the right-angled appearance of the trail. The trail ended abruptly at 85 km, and its uppermost altitude may have been no greater than 91 km. We designate the Glowworm a Type I trail: one that is wide (1 km), cloudy in appearance, has high diffusion rates (800 m(2) s(-1)), high total line emission rates (1.5 x 10(18) photons m(-1) s(-1)), and is optically thicker than Type II trails. The lower parts of the Diamond Ring, another Leonid lingering trail that appeared 38 min earlier than the Glowworm, define the Type II trails, which appear as narrow, optically thinner parallel trails, with low diffusion rates (12 m(2) s(-1)) and total line emission rates (1-3 x 10(16) photons m(-1) s(-1)). No explanation is offered for the two orders of magnitude difference in these quantities. The Glowworm meteor produced infrasound [ReVelle and Whitaker, 1999], from which a meteoroid mass estimate of 522 g was made. We compare our photometry to a detailed numerical modeling of the shape of the trail and emission from the Glowworm made by Zinn et al. [1999], who find that the largest contributors to emission recorded by our CCD and video cameras are atmospheric O-2 vibrational bands. Compared to our measurements, their calculated emission is too high by two orders of magnitude, but since most of O-2 emission may be absorbed by atmospheric O-2 before it reaches the ground, this may indeed be the primary contributor to the observed flux. Although the calculations of Zinn et al. lead to a hollow cylinder appearance which may be appropriate for the Glowworm, it is not pronounced enough to account for the complete darkness between the parallel structures seen in Type II trails. An upper limit to backscattering from dust of 3.7 x 10(5) of the expected return was found from directing a 180 W copper vapor laser at the Glowworm. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Drummond, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Liu, Alan/C-3738-2008 OI Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1159 DI 10.1029/2001JA000223 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 611HB UT WOS:000179009600032 ER PT J AU Richardson, IG Cane, HV Cliver, EW AF Richardson, IG Cane, HV Cliver, EW TI Sources of geomagnetic activity during nearly three solar cycles (1972-2000) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE geomagnetic activity; solar cycle variation; solar wind; interplanetary magnetic field ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; LONG-TERM VARIATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WIND; FLUX; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; MINIMUM; REGIONS; PASSAGE AB [1] We examine the contributions of the principal solar wind components (corotating highspeed streams, slow solar wind, and transient structures, i.e., interplanetary coronal mass ejections (CMEs), shocks, and postshock flows) to averages of the aa geomagnetic index and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength in 1972-2000 during nearly three solar cycles. A prime motivation is to understand the influence of solar cycle variations in solar wind structure on long-term (e. g., approximately annual) averages of these parameters. We show that high-speed streams account for approximately two-thirds of long-term aa averages at solar minimum, while at solar maximum, structures associated with transients make the largest contribution (similar to 50%), though contributions from streams and slow solar wind continue to be present. Similarly, high-speed streams are the principal contributor ( similar to 55%) to solar minimum averages of the IMF, while transient-related structures are the leading contributor ( similar to 40%) at solar maximum. These differences between solar maximum and minimum reflect the changing structure of the near-ecliptic solar wind during the solar cycle. For minimum periods, the Earth is embedded in high-speed streams similar to 55% of the time versus similar to 35% for slow solar wind and similar to 10% for CME-associated structures, while at solar maximum, typical percentages are as follows: high-speed streams similar to 35%, slow solar wind similar to 30%, and CME-associated similar to 35%. These compositions show little cycle-to-cycle variation, at least for the interval considered in this paper. Despite the change in the occurrences of different types of solar wind over the solar cycle (and less significant changes from cycle to cycle), overall, variations in the averages of the aa index and IMF closely follow those in corotating streams. Considering solar cycle averages, we show that high-speed streams account for similar to44%, similar to48%, and similar to40% of the solar wind composition, aa, and the IMF strength,, respectively, with corresponding figures of similar to 22%, similar to 32%, and similar to 25% for CME-related structures, and similar to 33%, similar to 19%, and similar to 33% for slow solar wind. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 35 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A8 AR 1187 DI 10.1029/2001JA000504 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 611HB UT WOS:000179009600004 ER PT J AU Chigarev, NV Pan, XY Gong, QH Paraschuk, DY Kobryanskii, VM AF Chigarev, NV Pan, XY Gong, QH Paraschuk, DY Kobryanskii, VM TI Transient photoinduced anisotropy of absorption in nanopolyacetylene SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GAP STATES; POLYACETYLENE; ELECTROABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DICHROISM; DYNAMICS AB The polarization response of neutral sub-gap photoexcited states in nonoriented nanopolyacetylene films was measured using a femtosecond photoinduced polarimetry technique. We show that the observed polarization signals are associated with a linear dichroism in the photoexcited state of trans-nanopolyacetylene. The characteristic decay time of the polarization signals was 1.4 ps. At the same time, we conclude that the photoinduced anisotropy persists up to 10 ps and therefore the photoexcited pi electrons are highly delocalized along the polymer chains. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Peking Univ, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RAS, Inst Chem Phys, Moscow 117977, Russia. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFML MLBR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peking Univ, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM qhgong@pku.edu.cn RI Kobryanskii, Valerii/M-3720-2015; Paraschuk, Dmitry/H-4684-2011 OI Kobryanskii, Valerii/0000-0003-3613-8135; Paraschuk, Dmitry/0000-0002-9156-0657 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 209 IS 4-6 BP 363 EP 367 AR PII S0030-4018(02)01671-1 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01671-1 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 585ZY UT WOS:000177558500015 ER PT J AU Shi, W Ding, YJJ Fernelius, N Vodopyanov, K AF Shi, W Ding, YJJ Fernelius, N Vodopyanov, K TI Efficient, tunable, and coherent 0.18-5.27-THz source based on GaSe crystal SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; WAVE GENERATION; TERAHERTZ WAVES; LASERS AB Continuously tunable and coherent radiation in the wide range 56.8-1618 mum (0.18-5.27 THz) has been achieved as a novel and promising terahertz source based on collinear phase-matched difference frequency generation in a GaSe crystal. This source has the advantages of high coherence, simplicity for tuning, simple alignment, and stable output. The peak output power for the terahertz radiation reaches 69.4 W at a wavelength of 196 mum (1.53 THz), which corresponds to a photon conversion efficiency of 3.3%. A simple optimization of the design can yield a compact terahertz source. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Blue Leaf Networks, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 24 TC 287 Z9 300 U1 7 U2 65 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 16 BP 1454 EP 1456 DI 10.1364/OL.27.001454 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 584TF UT WOS:000177484300028 PM 18026477 ER PT J AU Zeiri, L Bronk, BV Shabtai, Y Czege, J Efrima, S AF Zeiri, L Bronk, BV Shabtai, Y Czege, J Efrima, S TI Silver metal induced surface enhanced Raman of bacteria SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Current Trends in Interface Chemistry Polish-Israeli Symposium CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL LUBLIN, POLAND DE silver; bacteria; SERS; colloids; coating ID UV RESONANCE RAMAN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; MICROORGANISMS; PARTICLES; PROTEIN; ENZYME; CELLS AB Bacteria treated with sodium borohydride serve as a nucleating substrate for reduction of silver ions that forms a rough silver metal coating surrounding the microorganism. Corroding away the silver reveals that the general shape and size of the bacteria remain intact. Intense Surface Enhanced Raman spectra of the coated bacteria are measured. The Raman spectra of four different bacteria: Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa YS-7, and Bacillus megaterium are all quite similar, suggesting that the spectra are selective and sensitive to a specific molecular species, which dominates the spectra and which is present in all (these) bacteria. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Ilse Katz Ctr Meso & nanoscale Sci & Technol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. USAF, RL, HEST, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Efrima, S (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Ilse Katz Ctr Meso & nanoscale Sci & Technol, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 33 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 208 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 357 EP 362 AR PII S0927-7757(02)00162-0 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00162-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 586JQ UT WOS:000177581200035 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR TI Application of large-eddy simulation to supersonic compression ramps SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 31st Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SHOCK-WAVE STRUCTURE; DELTA-WING ROLL; FLOW; UNSTEADINESS; FLOWFIELDS; MODEL AB Large-eddy simulations of supersonic compression-ramp flowfields were performed by a high-order numerical method, utilizing the Smagorinsky dynamic subgrid-scale model to account for spatially underresolved stresses. Computations were carried out at a freestream Mach number of 3.0 for ramp angles of 8, 16, 20, and 24 deg. Extensive comparisons are made between the respective solutions and available experimental data that were collected at higher Reynolds numbers. These include surface pressure, skin friction, and both mean and fluctuating velocity profiles. For the 24-deg case, a number of experimentally measured statistical quantities are compared to the simulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1574 EP 1581 DI 10.2514/2.1826 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 580QJ UT WOS:000177245000012 ER PT J AU Perel, VY Palazotto, AN AF Perel, VY Palazotto, AN TI Finite element formulation for thick sandwich plates on an elastic foundation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BEAMS AB To construct a plate theory for a thick transversely compressible sandwich plate with composite laminated face sheets, the authors make simplifying assumptions regarding distribution of transverse strain components in the thickness direction. It is assumed that the transverse strains (i.e., epsilon(xz), epsilon(yz), and epsilon(zz)) do not vary in the thickness direction within the face sheets and the core, but can be different functions of the in-plane coordinates in different sublaminates (the face sheets and the core). An algorithm, which takes account of damage progression in dynamic problems, is incorporated into the computational scheme based on the geometrically nonlinear formulation and is applied to failure analysis of a sandwich plate under ground impact. In the finite element analysis of sandwich plates with small thickness-to-length ratios, the shear locking phenomenon does not occur. The model of the sandwich plate, presented in this paper, does not require many degrees of freedom in the finite element computations and has a wide range of applicability: It can be applied to the sandwich plates with a wide range of ratios of thickness to the in-plane dimensions, with both thin and thick face sheets (as compared to the thickness of the core) and to the sandwich plates with both transversely rigid and transversely compressible face sheets and cores. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1627 EP 1637 DI 10.2514/2.1833 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 580QJ UT WOS:000177245000019 ER PT J AU Birman, V Byrd, LW AF Birman, V Byrd, LW TI Analytical evaluation of damping in composite and sandwich structures SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Two methodologies are outlined for the analytical evaluation of the loss factor in composite laminates and in sandwich structures. One of these methods is based on the analysis of free vibrations, whereas the second approach utilizes mechanics of materials. Both methods yield similar results. The loss factor is predicted both for specially orthotropic as well as for generally orthotropic laminas, subjected to axial stresses and/or transverse shear. The results for the loss factor of the laminas are in good agreement with available experimental data. As follows from the numerical analysis, the loss factor of laminas of the facings is significantly affected by the angle of lamination. The loss factor of a sandwich beam is relatively insensitive to the frequency of vibrations, although the effect of this frequency on the loss factors of constituent materials may alter this conclusion. C1 Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. USAF, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1638 EP 1643 DI 10.2514/2.1835 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 580QJ UT WOS:000177245000020 ER PT J AU Spottswood, SM Mignolet, MP AF Spottswood, SM Mignolet, MP TI Experimental nonlinear response of tapered ceramic matrix composite plates to base excitation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE; PANELS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Spottswood, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1682 EP 1687 DI 10.2514/2.1842 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 580QJ UT WOS:000177245000027 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AM Molton, P AF Mitchell, AM Molton, P TI Vortical substructures in the shear layers forming leading-edge vortices SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VORTEX BREAKDOWN C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Fundamental & Expt Aerodynam Dept, F-92190 Meudon, France. RP Mitchell, AM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H39C, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1689 EP 1692 DI 10.2514/2.1844 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 580QJ UT WOS:000177245000029 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ AF Ly, JQ TI Rare bicornuate uterus with fibroid tumors: Hysterosalpingography-MR Imaging correlation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 179 IS 2 BP 537 EP 538 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 575EY UT WOS:000176934900053 PM 12130475 ER PT J AU England, RW Vogel, P Hagan, L AF England, RW Vogel, P Hagan, L TI Immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity after treatment of tattoo with Nd : YAG Laser: a case report and review of the literature SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; PIGMENTS; LIGHT AB Background: To our knowledge this is the first reported case of an immediate cutaneous reaction to Q-switched neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser tattoo removal. A 26-year-old female presented with two 6-year-old tattoos placed at different times. These were of different colors and had remained entirely asymptomatic since placement. There was a Mardi Gras mask on her thigh and a Tasmanian devil on her chest. With laser treatment of the Tasmanian devil, she experienced no untoward effects. However, with treatment of the Mardi Gras mask tattoo, she developed an extensive urticarial and indurated reaction 30 minutes posttreatment. The identical reaction occurred twice with subsequent laser treatments. Dermatology consulted allergy to provide prophylaxis against possible systemic reaction with subsequent Nd:YAG laser therapy. The patient was treated with 3 days of prednisone, cetirizine, and ranitidine before subsequent laser treatments. Prophylactic treatment suppressed all subsequent reactions to laser therapy. Results: Delayed hypersensitivity to tattoo pigments occurring days to weeks after placement is well documented. There are no previous reports of immediate hypersensitivity during placement or laser removal. However, there are two previous reports of local and systemic delayed reactions after laser therapy. Conclusions: As far as we know, this is the first case report of immediate hypersensitivity after Nd:YAG laser treatment of a tattoo. Prophylactic treatment with steroids and antihistamines prevented reactions with subsequent laser treatments. Reactions after laser removal are rare, but may increase as popularity of skin art increases with the need for subsequent removal. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy, Lackland AFB, TX 78238 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78238 USA. RP England, RW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy, Lackland AFB, TX 78238 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 89 IS 2 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 585VL UT WOS:000177545200021 PM 12197582 ER PT J AU Balldin, UI Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT AF Balldin, UI Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT TI The effect of simulated weightlessness on hypobaric decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; simulated weightlessness; hypebaric exposure; venous gas emboli; space environment ID TISSUE NITROGEN ELIMINATION; BODY POSITION; IMMERSION; WATER; SYMPTOMS; HEAD AB Background: A discrepancy exists between the incidence of ground-based decompression sickness (DCS) during simulated extravehicular activity (EVA) at hypobaric space suit pressure (20-40%) and crewmember reports during actual EVA (zero reports). This could be due to the effect of gravity during ground-based DCS studies. Hypothesis: At EVA suit pressures of 29.6 kPa (4.3 psia), there is no difference in the incidence of hypobaric DCS between a control group and group exposed to simulated weightlessness (supine body position). Methods: Male subjects were exposed to a hypobaric pressure of 29.6 kPa (4.3 psi) for up to 4 h. The control group (n = 26) pre-oxygenated for 60 min (first 10 min exercising) before hypobaric exposure and walking around in the altitude chamber. The test group (n = 39) remained supine for a 3 h prior to and during the 60-min pre-oxygenation (also including exercise) and at hypobaric pressure. DCS symptoms and venous gas emboli (VGE) at hypobaric pressure were registered. Results: DCS occurred in 42% in the control and in 44% in simulated weightlessness group (n.s.). The mean time for DCS to develop was 112 min (SE) +/- 61) and 123 min (+/-67), respectively. VGE occurred in 81% of the control group subjects and in 51% of the simulated weightlessness subjects (p = 0.02), while severe VGE occurred in 58% and 33%, respectively (p = 0.08). VGE started after 113 min ( +/- 43) in the control and after 76 min (+/- 64) in the simulated weightlessness group. Conclusions. No difference in incidence of DCS was shown between control and simulated weightlessness conditions. VGE occurred more frequently during the control condition with bubble-releasing arm and leg movements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Balldin, UI (reprint author), USAF, Wyle Labs Inc, Res Lab, HEP, 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 8 BP 773 EP 778 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 580MQ UT WOS:000177238700006 PM 12182217 ER PT J AU Geri, GA Martin, EL Wetzel, PA AF Geri, GA Martin, EL Wetzel, PA TI Head and eye movements in visual search using night vision goggles SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE NVG; eye movements; gaze-scanpaths; visual search ID SACCADE AMPLITUDE AB Background: Night-vision goggles (NVGs) provide only a restricted field of view and have other characteristics that may affect the head and eye movements used in visual search. Methods: We measured head scan patterns, the magnitude and duration of gaze saccades, and fixation duration as subjects searched computer generated imagery either with or without NVGs. Subjects searched for either a large (6degrees) target on a low-detail background (high conspicuity condition) or a small (2degrees) target on a high-detail background (low conspicuity condition). Results: All subjects displayed head-scan patterns that were qualitatively similar to those reported in the literature. Although both head-scan speed and amplitude were higher for the NVG condition as compared with the no-NVG condition, the difference was not statistically significant. Headscan speed did vary significantly with target conspicuity, however. Gaze saccade amplitude varied with target conspicuity but only when NVGs were used. Fixation duration did not vary with either NVG use or target conspicuity. A two-parameter (exponent and scaling parameter) power function was fitted to the amplitude-duration data. The power-function exponents varied from about 0.30 to 0.44, but there was a concommitant variation in the scaling parameter, and the result was no significant difference in the form of the power functions fitted to the data. Conclusions. NVG use did not significantly affect any of the individual head or eye movement variables involved in searching the computer-generated imagery studied here. However, the decrease in gaze-saccade amplitude with increased target conspicuity when NVGs were used is evidence of the sensitivity of the head and eye movement measurement techniques used here, and suggests that all available measures of response efficiency be considered when evaluating NVGs using complex stimuli. C1 AFRL Visual Res Lab, Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Richmond, VA USA. RP Geri, GA (reprint author), AFRL Visual Res Lab, Link Simulat & Training, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 8 BP 779 EP 786 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 580MQ UT WOS:000177238700007 PM 12182218 ER PT J AU Butler, WP AF Butler, WP TI Epidemic decompression sickness: Case report, literature review, and clinical commentary SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE decompression sickness; low altitude DCS; epidemic; Haddon matrix ID THRESHOLD; BENDS; FEET AB Background: Decompression sickness (DCS) is a syndrome of symptoms caused by bubbles of inert gas. These bubbles are produced by a significant ambient pressure drop. Although cases are usually solitary there have been several episodes of DCS clusters. This paper reports an episode of epidemic decompression sickness and reviews the literature. Methods: The case reported describes six aircrewmen with DCS following an unpressurized AC-130 flight (maximum altitude 17,000 ft). Two obvious concerns-the low altitude at which DCS was encountered and the potential for epidemic hysteria-are discussed and discounted. In addition, factors contributing to this case are recounted in depth. Moreover, the literature was examined for similar cases of epidemic decompression sickness. Four other instances were discovered. Detailed qualitative analysis of these five reports was performed. Results; With this information epidemic decompression sickness is defined and classified. Two types are described-individual-based (Epi-I) and population-based (Epi-P). Epi-I is a cluster of DCS following a solitary exposure; whereas, Epi-P is a cluster of DCS following multiple exposures over time. Investigation of Epi-P follows the classical rules of outbreak investigation (time, place, person, and environment); whereas, Epi-I does not. In fact, the focus in Epi-I is almost entirely the environment. Following this outline should produce an etiology that control measures can be directed against. However, it is prudent to look beyond the etiology. Enter the Haddon Matrix, a classic public health tool that considers countermeasures before, during, and after the event. Conclusion: These many concepts are illustrated with the presented case. Following this template, both the expert and the novice flight surgeon have a systematic and reproducible approach to these difficult puzzles. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Butler, WP (reprint author), Lackland AFB, 13050 Pk Crossing 301, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 8 BP 798 EP 804 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 580MQ UT WOS:000177238700010 PM 12182221 ER PT J AU Zelnick, SD Lischak, MW Young, DG Massa, TV AF Zelnick, SD Lischak, MW Young, DG Massa, TV TI Prevention of carbon monoxide exposure in general and recreational aviation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aviation; carbon monoxide; inhalation exposure ID WAREHOUSE WORKERS HEADACHE; POISONINGS; DEATHS AB Carbon monoxide exposure is an important public health issue that poses a significant, albeit uncommon risk in aviation. Exposure is most common in single engine piston-driven aircraft where air is passed over the exhaust manifold to serve as cabin heat. Effective primary prevention of this exposure is the regular inspection and maintenance of aircraft exhaust systems, as required by law. For situations at special risk should exposure occur, and where there is concern for the public safety, installation of active warning devices for CO intrusion into cockpits may improve secondary prevention. Modern studies should be performed of occupation-specific abilities to support the 50 ppm FAA CO exposure standard and 50-70 ppm FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO) for CO monitors alerting pilots to the possibility of exhaust gas intrusion into their cockpits. C1 US Dept Def, Div Med, Manned Space Flight Support Off, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. Pacific Air Forces, Aeromed Div, Honolulu, HI USA. 18th Wing, Physiol Training Flight 18, Kadena AB, Japan. RP Zelnick, SD (reprint author), US Dept Def, Div Med, Manned Space Flight Support Off, 1201 Edward H White II St,MS 7101,Bldg 423,Room S, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 8 BP 812 EP 816 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 580MQ UT WOS:000177238700012 PM 12182223 ER PT J AU Ornstein, DL Cohn, KH AF Ornstein, DL Cohn, KH TI Balance between activation and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is altered in colorectal tumors compared to normal colonic epithelium SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; matrix metalloproteinases; malignant transformation; metastasis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS; TISSUE INHIBITORS; MESSENGER-RNA; STROMAL CELLS; CANCER CELLS; IV COLLAGENASE; INCREASED EXPRESSION; POOR-PROGNOSIS; HUMAN BREAST AB Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is overexpressed in human cancers and facilitates tumor growth and metastasis. It is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme that is activated by membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) and inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). We hypothesized that there is an imbalance between the expression of TIMP-2 and the expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP that favors activation of MMP-2 in malignant colon tumors compared to normal colonic tissue. Specimens of colon tumors and of adjacent normal mucosa were obtained from 22 patients at the time of surgical resection. MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 RNA transcripts were measured in each sample using a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. We observed that MMP-2 RNA levels were significantly elevated in tumors compared to normal tissue (P = 0.039). In addition, the TIMP-2:MMP-2 ratio was twofold lower (P = 0.001) and the TIMP-2:MT1-MMP ratio was 1.5-fold lower (P = 0.003) in tumors compared to normal mucosa. These results suggest that the balance between genes that activate and inhibit MMP-2 is shifted toward activation in colon tumors. The abnormal expression of gene products that regulate MMP-2 activity may be an important early step in the malignant transformation of colon cancer and may provide a useful target for new chemoprevention and adjuvant treatment strategies. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, White River Jct, VT USA. RP Ornstein, DL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, MDW 59, MMIH, 2200 Berquist Drive, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47327]; NIAMS NIH HHS [F32 AR-26599, F32-AR-08216] NR 76 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1821 EP 1830 AR UNSP 0163-2116/02/0800-1821/0 DI 10.1023/A:1016456914723 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 573BF UT WOS:000176808900022 PM 12184536 ER PT J AU Liu, HC Oogarah, T Dupont, E Wasilewski, ZR Byloos, M Buchanan, M Szmulowicz, F Ehret, J Brown, GJ AF Liu, HC Oogarah, T Dupont, E Wasilewski, ZR Byloos, M Buchanan, M Szmulowicz, F Ehret, J Brown, GJ TI p-type quantum well infrared photodetectors covering wide spectrum SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERSUBBAND ABSORPTION; PHOTORESPONSE; DETECTOR AB Using a set of p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photo-detectors, a wide spectral coverage is demonstrated. Photoresponses at wavelengths as short as 1.4 mum and as long as 15 mum are shown. The shortest wavelength device with a high Al fraction (95%) peaks at 1.9 mum and covers a range of 1.4 to 3 mum. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, HC (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 16 BP 909 EP 911 DI 10.1049/el:20020644 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 587MD UT WOS:000177644200045 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, S Saucedo, J Sane, D Berger, P Moliterno, D Tcheng, J Kereiakes, D AF Steinhubl, S Saucedo, J Sane, D Berger, P Moliterno, D Tcheng, J Kereiakes, D TI Point-of-care measurement of platelet function before angioplasty strongly predicts early MACE and late TVR SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP European Soc Cardiol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Cardiol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Cardiol, Durham, NC USA. Lindner Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 23 SU S BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 624HB UT WOS:000179753300842 ER PT J AU Serebruany, VL Steinhubl, SR Malinin, A Callahan, KP Gurbel, P AF Serebruany, VL Steinhubl, SR Malinin, A Callahan, KP Gurbel, P TI Statins in general and atorvastatin in particular do not affect platelet inhibition with clopidogrel during coronary stenting SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP European Soc Cardiol C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sinai Hosp, Baltimore, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 23 SU S BP 434 EP 434 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 624HB UT WOS:000179753301629 ER PT J AU Schmisseur, JD Schneider, SP Collicott, SH AF Schmisseur, JD Schneider, SP Collicott, SH TI Supersonic boundary-layer response to optically generated freestream disturbances SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Controlled, localized disturbances were introduced into the supersonic freestream upstream of a 4:1 elliptic cross-section cone. The response of the initially laminar boundary layer to the laser-generated freestream perturbation was measured above the cone minor axis. The experiment was conducted in the Mach-4 Purdue Quiet-flow Ludwieg tube at a freestream unit Reynolds number of 4.5 million/m. The focused beam from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser was used to generate the disturbance. The perturbation existed in the flowfield as a region of locally heated air, referred to here as the thermal spot. Constant-temperature anemometry was used to characterize the boundary-layer response to the introduction of the thermal spot. The response was largest and most complex near the boundary-layer edge. The duration of the measured boundary-layer response was an order of magnitude greater than the measured duration of the disturbance in the freestream. Within the boundary layer, the mass-flux deviation introduced by the thermal spot was of the same magnitude as the local mean mass flux. The optically generated disturbance is potentially useful as a perturbation source in future boundary-layer receptivity experiments. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schmisseur, JD (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSR-NA 801 N Randolph St,Rm 732, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s00348-001-0392-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 588YF UT WOS:000177729300001 ER PT J AU Nicholas, T AF Nicholas, T TI Step loading for very high cycle fatigue SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fatigue in the Very High Cycle Regime CY JUL 02-04, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE coaxing; high cycle fatigue; high frequency; step loading; Ti-6Al-4V AB The conventional method for determining fatigue strength at high cycle counts is to either extrapolate S-N data from lower cycle counts or to generate S-N data in the high cycle count regime using special high frequency test machines. In the process of generating S-N data, runout tests often occur where no failure is obtained within the allotted time for a test. Such data points are normally indicated on an S-N plot with an arrow, but no information is available as to whether failure would ever occur. As an alternative, and as a method for getting a data point for every test, a step-loading method may be employed. In this paper, some of the unique test equipment being applied to the study of high cycle fatigue in our laboratory are reviewed. Data are presented on the long-life fatigue behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V which validate both the step-loading methodology and indicate the trend of fatigue strength as a function of cycle number in the very high cycle fatigue regime. The absence of coaxing is demonstrated by comparing S-N data with step-loading data. Applicability of high frequency testing to the determination of fatigue crack growth thresholds is also demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8-9 BP 861 EP 869 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00555.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 590RB UT WOS:000177834900018 ER PT J AU Pasterkamp, G Virmani, R AF Pasterkamp, G Virmani, R TI The erythrocyte: a new player in atheromatous core formation SO HEART LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUDDEN CORONARY DEATH; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; THROMBOSIS; RUPTURE; MACROPHAGE; RISK C1 Utrecht Med Ctr, Expt Cardiol Lab, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. Interuniv Cardiol Inst Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands. USAF, Dept Cardiovasc Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Pasterkamp, G (reprint author), Utrecht Med Ctr, Expt Cardiol Lab, Room GO2-423, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1355-6037 J9 HEART JI Heart PD AUG PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1136/heart.88.2.115 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 577XH UT WOS:000177087800002 PM 12117825 ER PT J AU Raquet, JF AF Raquet, JF TI Multiple GPS receiver multipath mitigation technique SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article AB The applications using differential GPS (DGPS) have grown in recent years, and the dominant error source for many DGPS techniques is reference receiver multipath. As a result, there is great interest in reducing reference receiver multipath, especially for safety-critical applications such as DGPS-based precision landing. A new method for reducing code and carrier-phase multipath is presented which uses measurements from multiple receivers in order to obtain accurate estimates of code or carrier phase multipath. Using this method, a least-squares condition adjustment is performed to generate a multipath estimate for each individual receiver/satellite pair. It does so on an epoch by epoch basis, so no filtering over time is required, and no initialisation period is necessary. Static and dynamic test results using this method are presented. For these tests, code differential positioning is performed with and without the adjustment, and it is shown that the adjustment significantly improves positioning accuracy. It is also demonstrated that the condition adjustment can enhance carrier-phase integer ambiguity resolution. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raquet, JF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 149 IS 4 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20020495 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 593CA UT WOS:000177972900005 ER PT J AU Sarkar, TK Schwarzlander, H Choi, S Palma, MS Wicks, MC AF Sarkar, TK Schwarzlander, H Choi, S Palma, MS Wicks, MC TI Stochastic versus deterministic models in the analysis of communication systems SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE random process; random variables; deterministic analysis; deterministic algorithms; ergodic process; communication systems; adaptive systems; probability; stochastic process; adaptive arrays; adaptive signal processing AB When trying to analyze a complex communication system, scientists often apply concepts from stochastic modeling and analysis to obtain a description of the system, frequently assuming that this will supplement our knowledge and improve our understanding. The philosophy is to obtain a result that would occur on the average, when this system is working under normal conditions. However, we must consider the fact that the introduction of probability in communication-system analysis often involves invoking certain assumptions and additional information about the system, which may not be valid. Hence, under these circumstances one may obtain a result that may not be commensurate with the conceived communication system. The objective of this paper is to highlight the basic assumptions that are invariably associated with the signal analysis in a system using stochastic analysis, and the introduction of probabilistic methods. Surprisingly, in many cases, analysis using stochastic methods may provide results equivalent to those obtained using deterministic methods. Examples are presented to illustrate our approach, and to explain the basic assumptions and formulate the mathematical framework associated with a stochastic analysis. We also demonstrate the equivalence between a random and a deterministic process, and under what conditions they approach the Cramer-Rao bound. Analysis using stochastic models to describe a system may be superior to a deterministic description. However, such a characterization comes with a large cost: namely, one must have more definitive knowledge about the system, knowledge that is often unavailable. For convenience, with the application of a random model, the concepts of stationarity and ergodicity are used to simplify the mathematical analysis of measured data. It is shown in this paper that the introduction of ergodicity in probability is similar to a deterministic analysis of a single waveform, and, in both cases, characterizes the entire underlying mathematical agenda. An example is presented to illustrate the salient features of an ergodic process as opposed to a deterministic process. It is seen that for practical problems, it might be easier and more relevant to introduce a deterministic model and to then carry out a stochastic analysis. However, this may not be practical, since the underlying ensemble is not available nor are its probability density functions. Moreover a deterministic solution may present the best solution for a given data set, whereas the stochastic approach yields an "average" solution for all the waveforms in the ensemble. Hence, the stochastic solution may not be the desired solution for the given data set. However, when accurate statistics are available, a better solution may be obtained using probabilistic methods. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Hanyang Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Dpto Senales Sistemas & Radiocomunicac, Grp Microondas & Radar, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Sarkar, TK (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM tksarkar@mailbox.syr.edu; choi@dsplab.hanyang.ac.kr; salazar@gmr.ssr.upm.es; Michael.Wicks@rl.af.mil RI Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 4 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1109/MAP.2002.1043146 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 606CW UT WOS:000178716500006 ER PT J AU Yaghjian, AD AF Yaghjian, AD TI Scattering-matrix analysis of linear periodic arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE linear arrays; scattering matrices; traveling-wave antennas ID GRAINS; FIELD AB A spherical-wave source scattering-matrix description of acoustic radiators, along with reciprocity and power conservation, is applied to analyze infinite and finite linear periodic arrays that support traveling waves. We first prove that for a general linear periodic array of small radiators, a traveling wave must be a slow wave with a propagation constant beta greater than the propagation constant k of the medium in which the array is located. For an infinite periodic linear array of small isotropic radiators, the scattering-matrix analysis leads to a simple closed-form expression for the propagation constant of the traveling wave in terms of the normalized separation distance kd and the phase psi(e) of the effective scattering coefficient of the array elements. These two parameters also prove to be the only critical variables in the N x N matrix equation for the N radiation coefficients that is derived for a finite linear array of N elements. Resonances in the curves of total power radiated versus kd for a finite array excited with one feed element demonstrate the existence of the traveling wave predicted for the corresponding infinite array. These computed power curves, as well as directivity patterns, illustrate that the finite array becomes a more efficient endfire radiator as the value of beta approaches the value of k. We also confirm that the maximum attainable endfire directivity of a finite array with a single feed element is a monotonically increasing function of the phase velocity of the traveling wave, and this function is practically independent of the parameters of the array used to obtain this phase velocity. C1 USAF, Hanscorn AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yaghjian, AD (reprint author), USAF, Hanscorn AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1050 EP 1064 DI 10.1109/TAP2002.800696 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 597AC UT WOS:000178198800001 ER PT J AU Knize, RJ White, WR Zhdanov, BV AF Knize, RJ White, WR Zhdanov, BV TI Undergraduate laser physics laboratory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE instruction; lasers; modulators; optics; second harmonic generation AB The authors have developed a senior-level undergraduate laboratory course with an integrated theme of lasers and optics to teach experimental methods and reinforce fundamental physics concepts. This laboratory includes six experiments concerning modulators, laser kinetics, waveguiding, CO2 laser operation, ultrashort pulse characterization, and nonlinear optics. The authors discuss the philosophy and structure of this course. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knize, RJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 227 EP 230 AR PII S0018-9359(02)02057-4 DI 10.1109/TE.2002.1024614 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 583YQ UT WOS:000177439900004 ER PT J AU Kiel, JL Sutter, RE Mason, PA Parker, JE Morales, PJ Stribling, LJV Alls, JL Holwitt, EA Seaman, RL Mathur, SP AF Kiel, JL Sutter, RE Mason, PA Parker, JE Morales, PJ Stribling, LJV Alls, JL Holwitt, EA Seaman, RL Mathur, SP TI Directed killing of anthrax spores by microwave-induced cavitation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthrax; cavitation; diazoluminomelanin; microwaves AB High-power pulsed-microwave radiation damages anthrax spores by apparent sonoluminescence in aqueous solutions containing the organic semiconductor diazoluminomelanin (DALM). DALM biosynthesized by JM109 E. coli, containing the plasmid pIC20RNR(1.1), had a higher affinity for spores of Sterne strain anthrax when compared to several other species of bacilli and enhanced the effect. Upon exposure to pulsed-microwave radiation, anthrax spores showed a maximum of 4 to 5 (i.e., 4.6) logs of kill. The light emitted was typical of plasma gas emissions and the spores, upon scanning electron-microscopic examination, showed enlargement and rupture typical of rapid expansion. Therefore, microwave-induced cavitations localized to the spore surfaces enhanced kill. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Diretorate, Brooks AFB, TX 75235 USA. USAF, Med Res Command Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 75235 USA. Mckesson Clin & Biol Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 75235 USA. Conceptual MindWorks, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Diretorate, Brooks AFB, TX 75235 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1482 EP 1488 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.804207 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 638RB UT WOS:000180583100014 ER PT J AU Shiffler, DA Ruebush, M Zagar, D LaCour, M Golby, K Clark, MC Haworth, MD Umstattd, R AF Shiffler, DA Ruebush, M Zagar, D LaCour, M Golby, K Clark, MC Haworth, MD Umstattd, R TI Emission uniformity and emittance of explosive field-emission cathodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodes; electron guns; electron beams; microwave tubes ID CARBON-FIBER CATHODES; ELECTRON-EMISSION AB Explosive field-emission cathodes as well as plasma-flashover cathodes are important for high-power microwave tubes. These cathodes have the advantage of being lightweight as well as requiring no heater for electron emission. However, this class typically suffers from large amounts of outgassing, nonuniform emission, and very high emittance. In this paper, we review research into the uniformity and emittance of tufted carbon-fiber cathodes that have been coated with cesium iodide (CsI) salt. The CA cathode is compared to polymer velvet, metal-dielectric, and carbon-slat cathodes. We find the uniformity and emittance are related for all of these cathodes. In general, the more uniform the electron emission, the lower the emittance of the cathode. This article shows that given proper diode design, the tufted carbon-fiber cathode with CsI has some promise as an electron emitter producing a good quality electron beam. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Tech Matters, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Shiffler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1592 EP 1596 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.804172 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 638RD UT WOS:000180583300005 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S Mall, S AF Naboulsi, S Mall, S TI Investigation of high cycle and low cycle fatigue interaction on fretting behavior SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; contact mechanics; finite element analysis; crack initiation prediction; damage rule; variable loading ID CRACK NUCLEATION; CONTACT AB Fretting-fatigue behavior and damage accumulation under a variable-amplitude cycling load is investigated in a configuration involving a cylindrical indenter in contact with finite width plate. Relative magnitudes of cyclic tangential and bulk loads not only affect the contact conditions, but also their relative positions with respect to each other. Several stick-slip conditions on the contact surface may develop during the application of variable-amplitude fatigue load, and these are secondary and tertiary slips as well as shake-down. Further, residual shear traction develops during the application of cyclic load. The appropriate characterization of fretting-fatigue behavior or life should, therefore, include the complete history of applied cyclic tangential and bulk loads. Furthermore, experiments from a previous study conducted under a variable-amplitude fatigue loading condition are analyzed to characterize the damage accrual from its individual components involving constant-amplitude fatigue load by incorporating the contact mechanics and a multi-axial fatigue critical plane parameter. This analysis shows that there is nonlinear damage accumulation during variable-amplitude fretting-fatigue load. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY,Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY,Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1625 EP 1645 AR PII S0020-7403(02)00063-2 DI 10.1016/S0020-7403(02)00063-2 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 596KU UT WOS:000178164700006 ER PT J AU Perel, VY Palazotto, AN AF Perel, VY Palazotto, AN TI Finite element formulation for dynamics of delaminated composite beams with piezoelectric actuators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; composite beam; delamination; higher-order theory ID DAMAGE DETECTION; PLATE AB As a part of an effort to develop a model-supported method for detection of delaminations in composite beams with the use of time responses to external excitations, a finite element formulation for dynamics of a composite beam with delamination and attached piezoelectric actuators is developed. In this formulation account is taken of transverse shear deformation and nonlinear through-thickness variation of the longitudinal displacement. Parameters that characterize the delamination are incorporated into the formulation that makes the finite element model convenient for use in conjunction with damage identification (not discussed in the present paper). Computational predictions of frequencies show good agreement with experimental results. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Sun, Hu/D-7620-2011 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 17 BP 4457 EP 4483 AR PII S0020-7683(02)00348-7 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00348-7 PG 27 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 597MH UT WOS:000178225000007 ER PT J AU Nugent, JS O'Brien, KE Harris, M Mohan, C AF Nugent, JS O'Brien, KE Harris, M Mohan, C TI Paget's disease of bone in an Indian patient - Genetic and environmental factors SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paget's disease; osteitis deformans; India; epidemiology ID FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; OSTEOCLASTS; FREQUENCY; TISSUE AB Epidemiologic data have shown that Paget's disease of bone is common among people of Anglo-Saxon descent, but it is believed to be rare in India and Asia. The worldwide prevalence of the disease shows pronounced geographic and ethnic heterogeneity, and can vary in populations through migration or loss of geographic isolation. The risk to an individual who changes geographic locations, however, is difficult to quantify because the specific genetic or environmental factors responsible for Paget's disease have yet to be completely determined. We describe a case of monostotic Paget's disease in a 59-year-old Asian Indian man, and consider the potential epidemiologic and etiologic influences (moving to an area of higher disease prevalence, role of genetics, viral exposures) that may have increased his risk for the disorder. The patient presented with several months of right anterior leg pain, and was found on examination to have anterior bowing of the tibia as well as warmth and an audible bruit. Radiographs of the tibia demonstrated a V-shaped lucency, enhanced trabecular pattern, and cortical thickening. Whole-body bone scan confirmed monostotic disease with expansile uptake in the tibia, and laboratory data revealed an elevated urinary collagen N-telopeptide that normalized after bisphosphonate treatment, as did his clinical symptoms. In light of the environmental factors that appear significantly to influence the development of Paget's disease, the diagnosis should be considered in patients traditionally considered at low risk for the disorder. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Internal Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Nugent, JS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDW MMIA 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1097/01.RHU.0000022544.01344.DB PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 583BA UT WOS:000177384600006 PM 17041365 ER PT J AU Chirila, MM Garces, NY Halliburton, LE Evans, DR Basun, SA Meltzer, RS Yen, WM Rutkowski, SA Shumov, D Cahill, JS AF Chirila, MM Garces, NY Halliburton, LE Evans, DR Basun, SA Meltzer, RS Yen, WM Rutkowski, SA Shumov, D Cahill, JS TI Thermoluminescence study of stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; UV-EXCITED LUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS; CONGRUENT; DAMAGE; MG AB Thermoluminescence (TL), optical absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) have been used to characterize point defects in Mg-doped stoichiometric LiNbO3. A broad TL emission, peaking at 440 nm, is observed near 94 K when these crystals are irradiated at 77 K and then rapidly warmed. X rays and below-band-gap lasers (325 and 355 nm) are equally effective in producing the TL peak. During excitation, holes are trapped on oxygen ions adjacent to lithium vacancies and electrons are trapped on niobium ions at regular lattice sites. These defects both have characteristic EPR spectra, and the trapped electron center has an optical absorption band peaking at 1200 nm. Upon warming, the electrons become thermally unstable near 94 K and migrate to the trapped-hole sites where radiative recombination occurs. We suggest that the near-edge charge-transfer absorption band from Fe3+ impurities, nominally present, provides the mechanism by which below-band-gap light initially produces the separately trapped holes and electrons. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Deltron Crystal Ind Inc, Dover, NJ 07801 USA. RP Chirila, MM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1221 EP 1226 DI 10.1063/1.1487452 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 574UJ UT WOS:000176907700009 ER PT J AU Potter, PT Smith, BW Strobel, KR Zautra, AJ AF Potter, PT Smith, BW Strobel, KR Zautra, AJ TI Interpersonal workplace stressors and well-being: A multi-wave study of employees with and without arthritis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; NEGATIVE AFFECT; DISEASE-ACTIVITY; ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PERCEIVED STRESS; JOB-PERFORMANCE; DAILY EVENTS AB The within-person influence of interpersonal stressors on affective well-being and physical well-being was investigated for 109 women with and without arthritis. Participants were interviewed on a weekly basis for 12 consecutive weeks, and the prospective data were analyzed by using hierarchical linear modeling. Overall, interpersonal workplace stressors independently predicted both well-being outcomes. Interpersonal stressors outside the workplace were related to negative affect but not to arthritis symptoms. Compared with healthy controls, arthritis patients' ratings of negative affect were equally reactive to workplace stressors. Neuroticism did not moderate stressor reactivity for either dependent variable but did predict mean levels of negative affect. The data support the hypothesis that the psychosocial environment of the workplace contributes unique effects on well-being. C1 USAF, Air Combat Command Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Potter, PT (reprint author), Langley AFB, Behav Sci, 1 MDOS-SGOH, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 87 IS 4 BP 789 EP 796 DI 10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.789 PG 8 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 582CR UT WOS:000177332600015 PM 12184581 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Jain, RK Spain, JC AF Johnson, GR Jain, RK Spain, JC TI Origins of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene pathway SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN DNT; METHYLMALONATE-SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; ENCODING NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; GENE-CLUSTER; CATABOLIC PATHWAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL HYDROXYLASE; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AB The degradation of synthetic compounds requires bacteria to recruit and adapt enzymes from pathways for naturally occurring compounds. Previous work defined the steps in 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) metabolism through the ring fission reaction. The results presented here characterize subsequent steps in the pathway that yield the central metabolic intermediates pyruvate and propionyl coenzyme A (CoA). The genes encoding the degradative pathway were identified within a 27-kb region of DNA cloned from Burkholderia cepacia R34, a strain that grows using 2,4-DNT as a sole carbon, energy, and nitrogen source. Genes for the lower pathway in 2,4-DNT degradation were found downstream from dntD, the gene encoding the extradiol ring fission enzyme of the pathway. The region includes genes encoding a CoA-dependent methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (dntE), a putative NADH-dependent dehydrogenase (ORF13), and a bifunctional isomerase/hydrolase (dntG). Results from analysis of the gene sequence, reverse transcriptase PCR, and enzyme assays indicated that dntD dntE ORF13 dntG composes an operon that encodes the lower pathway. Additional genes that were uncovered encode the 2,4-DNT dioxygenase (dntAaAbAcAd), methylnitrocatechol monooxygenase (dntB), a putative LysR-type transcriptional (ORF12) regulator, an intradiol ring cleavage enzyme (ORF3), a maleylacetate reductase (ORF10), a complete ABC transport complex (ORF5 to ORF8), a putative methyl-accepting chemoreceptor protein (ORF11), and remnants from two transposable elements. Some of the additional gene products might play as-yet-undefined roles in 2,4-DNT degradation; others appear to remain from recruitment of the neighboring genes. The presence of the transposon remnants and vestigial genes suggests that the pathway for 2,4-DNT degradation evolved relatively recently because the extraneous elements have not been eliminated from the region. C1 USAF, MLQ, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, MLQ, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 84 TC 68 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 184 IS 15 BP 4219 EP 4232 DI 10.1128/JB.184.15.4219-4232.2002 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 573VY UT WOS:000176853500021 PM 12107140 ER PT J AU Garrison, MA Glanton, C Rasnke, M Smith, ME Ornstein, DL AF Garrison, MA Glanton, C Rasnke, M Smith, ME Ornstein, DL TI Challenging cases and diagnostic dilemmas - Case 1. Tracheal compression in Hodgkin's disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Garrison, MA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3344 EP 3347 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 581HP UT WOS:000177286100023 PM 12149308 ER PT J AU Beeman, RE Bleckmann, CA AF Beeman, RE Bleckmann, CA TI Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of an aquifer contaminated by halogenated organics: field results SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE remediation; bioremediation; aerobic; anaerobic; halogenated organics ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; BENZENE; SOILS; PCE AB In situ, sequential, anaerobic to aerobic treatment of groundwater removed perchloroethene (PCE, 1.1 muM) and benzene (0.8 muM) from a contaminated aquifer. Neither aerobic nor anaerobic treatment alone successfully degraded both the chlorinated and non-chlorinated organic contaminants in the aquifer. After the sequential treatment, PCE, trichloroethene (TCE), vinyl chloride (VC), chloroethane (CA), and benzene were not detectable in groundwater. Desorption of residual aquifer contaminants was tested by halting the groundwater recirculation and analyzing the groundwater after 3 and 7 weeks. No desorption of the chlorinated contaminants or daughter products was observed in the treated portion of the aquifer. Sequential anaerobic to aerobic treatment was successful in remediating the groundwater at this test site and may have broad applications at other contaminated sites. Over the 4-year course of the project, the predominant microbial environment of the test site varied from aerobic to sulfate-reducing, to methanogenic, and back to aerobic conditions. Metabolically active microbial populations developed under all conditions, demonstrating the diversity and robustness of natural microbial flora in the aquifer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. DuPont Victoria Plant, Victoria, TX 77902 USA. RP Bleckmann, CA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 159 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00008-6 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00008-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 576QQ UT WOS:000177016700001 PM 12180807 ER PT J AU Byerley, AR Stormer, O Baughn, JW Simon, TW Van Treuren, K AF Byerley, AR Stormer, O Baughn, JW Simon, TW Van Treuren, K TI A "cool" thermal tuft for detecting surface flow direction SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Heat Transfer Photogallery CY 2001 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP K 22 Heat Transfer Visualizat Comm AB An optical flow diagnostic technique was developed to detect surface flow direction in weakly separated flows. The technique makes use of thermochromic liquid crystals applied to a surface that is first coated with flat-black paint. A thin reflective material is affixed to the test surface. The surface is heated uniformly from above with infrared heaters. The reflective surface remains cool relative to the nearby black surface. A thermal tuft of relatively cool air (having just passed over the reflector) is advected in the direction of the surface flow thereby creating a "comet tail" of liquid crystal color response. The "comet tail" points in the direction of the surface flow. The "cool" thermal tuft successfully provides a means for detecting surface flow direction. The advantages of this method are the following: it is sensitive enough to detect the presence of weakly separated flows; it is non-obtrusive; it is reversible so does not require clean-up between runs; and it can be applied to vertical surfaces because there is nothing to drip. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. BWB, Ingolstadt, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Byerley, AR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 594 EP 594 DI 10.1115/1.1502631 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 603RK UT WOS:000178573500002 ER PT J AU Frazier, WG Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Prasad, YVRK AF Frazier, WG Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Prasad, YVRK TI Control of transient thermal response during sequential open-die forging: A trajectory optimization approach SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID METAL-FORMING PROCESSES; OPTIMAL-DESIGN AB A trajectory optimization approach is applied to the design of a sequence of open-die forging operations in order to control the transient thermal response of a large titanium alloy billet. The amount of time tire billet is soaked in furnace prior to each successive forging operation is optimized to minimize the total process time while simultaneously satisfying constraints on the maximum and minimum values of the billet's temperature distribution to avoid microstructural defects during forging. The results indicate that a "differential" heating profile is the most effective at meeting these design goals. C1 Miltec Inc, University, MS 38677 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Afg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Met, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Frazier, WG (reprint author), Miltec Inc, NCPA Coliseum Dr, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1115/1.1467076 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 578GN UT WOS:000177109200002 ER PT J AU Pirzada, M Grimes, RW Maguire, J Sickafus, K AF Pirzada, M Grimes, RW Maguire, J Sickafus, K TI Predictions of strontium accommodation in A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; PLUTONIUM; DISORDER; IMMOBILIZATION; MIGRATION; MINERALS; OXIDES; WASTE AB A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlore oxides are being considered as potential host materials for the immobilization of fission products. It is therefore important to establish the relative ability of these compounds to accommodate fission product ions. We address this issue by using computer simulations to predict the structures and relative equilibrium energies associated with solution of Sr(2+) over an extensive compositional range. Results indicate that strontium is accommodated via substitution for A host cations with oxygen vacancy compensation. This results in a nonstoichiometric composition. Optimum compositions and defect clusters structures are identified by constructing contour energy maps. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AF Lab, AFRL,MLMR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pirzada, M (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2041 EP 2047 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0302 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 579ZG UT WOS:000177208800027 ER PT J AU Mealey, BL Tunder, GS Pemble, CW AF Mealey, BL Tunder, GS Pemble, CW TI Primary extranodal malignant lymphoma affecting the periodontium SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lymphoma/diagnosis; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma/diagnosis; gingival diseases/diagnosis ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; ORAL CAVITY; GINGIVA; ADULTS; MUCOSA; TISSUE; HEAD; NECK AB Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may arise in extranodal tissues within the head and neck region. These lesions may occur in the oral cavity, but rarely appear on the gingiva. Due to their malignant nature, rapid identification, diagnosis, and treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are essential to patient survival. Methods: An unusual case of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. The small lesion arose on the gingiva and alveolar mucosa. Upon excision, the tissue was submitted for microscopic examination, with the expectation that the lesion would be benign and excision would constitute the entirety of treatment. However, a diagnosis of primary extranodal large B-cell lymphoma was returned. Results: In addition to excision of the lesion, the patient underwent a complete work-up to rule out other systemic lesions. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed. The patient has remained healthy, without recurrence of lymphoma for 3 years. Conclusions: This case reinforces the importance of submitting excised tissues for microscopic examination even when the lesion appears totally benign. In addition, it highlights the need for complete excision of suspected lesions, with generous borders of normal tissue. With current periodointal plastic surgical techniques, most defects remaining after soft tissue biopsy can be managed with good esthetic results. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. 86th Dent Squadron, Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Mealey, BL (reprint author), MRDT, Dent Squadron 59, 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 8 BP 937 EP 941 DI 10.1902/jop.2002.73.8.937 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 586CL UT WOS:000177566100014 PM 12211504 ER PT J AU Campbell, WK Foster, CA Finkel, EJ AF Campbell, WK Foster, CA Finkel, EJ TI Does self-love lead to love for others? A story of narcissistic game playing SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSONALITY-INVENTORY; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; ESTEEM; ENHANCEMENT; MODEL; STRATEGIES; PERCEPTION; COMMITMENT; MOTIVES; TRAITS AB Five studies investigated the links among narcissism, self-esteem, and love. Across all studies, narcissism was associated primarily with a game-playing love style. This link was found in reports of general love styles (Study la) and of love in ongoing romantic relationships (Studies 1b-3, 5). Narcissists' game-playing love style was the result of a need for power and autonomy (Study 2) and was linked with greater relationship alternatives and lesser commitment (Study 3). Finally, narcissists' self-reports of game playing were confirmed by their partners in past and current relationships (Studies 4. 5). In contrast, self-esteem was negatively linked to manic love and positively linked to passionate love across studies. Implications for the understanding of narcissism in relationships are discussed. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Campbell, WK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 58 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 29 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-3514 J9 J PERS SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 340 EP 354 DI 10.1037//0022-3514.83.2.340 PG 15 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 574ZY UT WOS:000176921900007 PM 12150232 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Liu, WD AF Vaia, RA Liu, WD TI X-ray powder diffraction of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: Model and practice SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE characterization; clay; polymer nanocomposites; X-ray diffraction; morphology; exfoliation ID PREFERRED ORIENTATION; MELT INTERCALATION; CLAY; SMECTITES; MINERALS; HYBRID AB X-ray powder diffraction in reflection (Bragg-Brentano parafocusing geometry) is extensively used to characterize the structure of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSNs). The large basal spacings (d(001)>2.0 nm) necessitates the collection of data at scattering angles (2theta) of less than 10degrees. The calculation of an ideal scattering profile for PLSNs provides an avenue to ascertain the influence of experimental parameters and the arrangement, organization, concentration, and composition of constituents on the experimentally observed pattern. This enables better experimental technique, more complete utilization of the scattering data, insight into inconsistencies between scattering and microscopy, and minimization of incorrect interpretation or overinterpretation of data. Because of the strong theta dependence of theoretical and experimental factors at low values of 2theta, careful sample preparation and data evaluation are necessary and should be complemented by microscopic observations, especially for PLSNs with low volume fractions of organically-modified layered silicates (OLS) that are suspected of having exfoliated morphologies. X-ray powder diffraction in reflection alone is insufficient to completely characterize and ascribe PLSN morphology. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 15 BP 1590 EP 1600 DI 10.1002/polb.10214 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 572KR UT WOS:000176773900005 ER PT J AU Zilberstein, V Fisher, M Grundy, D Schlicker, D Tsukernik, V Vengrinovich, V Goldfine, N Yentzer, T AF Zilberstein, V Fisher, M Grundy, D Schlicker, D Tsukernik, V Vengrinovich, V Goldfine, N Yentzer, T TI Residual and applied stress estimation from directional magnetic permeability measurements with MWM sensors SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Conformable eddy current sensors with grid methods can provide an effective means for applied stress measurements and for characterization of residual stresses in steel components. This paper describes conformable MWM(R) (meandering winding magnetometer) sensors and high-resolution scanning MWM-Arrays for directional magnetic permeability measurements over a wide range of frequencies with grid methods. MWMs and MWM-Arrays are used for fatigue monitoring, crack detection, characterization of process-affected layers, including coatings, detection of surface-connected and hidden degradation, and damage characterization, e.g., detection and imaging of grinding burns. Tests have shown that these sensors can also provide the capability for residual/applied stress measurements inferromagnetic materials, e.g., in steels. Specific examples described here illustrate this capability to estimate stresses in steels and other ferromagnetic materials from MWM measured permeability. Results of directional MWM permeability measurements, including permeability mapping, are presented here for (a) a 4340 steel specimen subjected to a series of tensile load tests with an incrementally increasing maximum load, (b) a broken 4340 tensile test specimen, (c) a shot-peened 300M steel specimen subjected to bending load tests, and (d) a shot-peened and subsequently ground high-strength steel component. Quick and inexpensive stress measurements at a point or in a scanning mode, over a selected area are now becoming possible without permanently mounting sensors, albeit MWM sensors can be readily mounted, if needed, as well. C1 JENTEK Sensors Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. Robins AFB, WR ALC, Warner Robins, GA USA. RP Zilberstein, V (reprint author), JENTEK Sensors Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1115/1.1491273 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 585RW UT WOS:000177539200019 ER PT J AU Muenger, EA AF Muenger, EA TI Power to explore: A history of Marshall Space Flight Center, 1960-1990 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Muenger, EA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 752 EP 753 DI 10.2307/3070232 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 580AA UT WOS:000177210800076 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI The effects of spatial separation in distance on the informational and energetic masking of a nearby speech signal SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AUDITORY LOCALIZATION; HEADPHONE SIMULATION; RECEPTION THRESHOLD; INTELLIGIBILITY; NOISE; RECOGNITION; RELEASE; ENVIRONMENT; UNMASKING; HEARING AB Although many studies have shown that intelligibility improves when a speech signal and an interfering sound source are spatially separated in azimuth, little is known about the effect that spatial separation in distance has on the perception of competing sound sources near the head. In this experiment, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) were used to process stimuli in order to simulate a target talker and a masking sound located at different distances along the listener's interaural axis. One of the signals was always presented at a distance of 1 m, and the other signal was presented 1 m, 25 cm., or 12 cm from the center of the listener's head. The results show that distance separation has very different effects on speech segregation for different types of maskers. When speech-shaped noise was used as the masker, most of the intelligibility advantages of spatial separation could be accounted for by spectral differences in the target and masking signals at the ear with the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). When a same-sex talker was used as the masker, the intelligibility advantages of spatial separation in distance were dominated by binaural effects that produced the same performance improvements as a 4-5-dB increase in the SNR of a diotic stimulus. These results suggest that distance-dependent changes in the interaural difference cues of nearby sources play a much larger role in the reduction of the informational masking produced by an interfering speech signal than in the reduction of the energetic masking produced by an interfering noise source. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veridian, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 16 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 664 EP 676 DI 10.1121/1.1490592 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900031 PM 12186046 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Montheillet, F Shen, G Jonas, JJ AF Semiatin, SL Montheillet, F Shen, G Jonas, JJ TI Self-consistent modeling of the flow behavior of wrought alpha/beta titanium alloys under isothermal and nonisothermal hot-working conditions SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; COMPRESSION TEST; BETA-TITANIUM; PLASTIC-FLOW; SIMULATION; TI-6AL-4V AB A self-consistent model was applied to predict the plastic flow behavior during hot working of alpha/beta titanium alloys with wrought (equiaxed alpha) microstructures as a function of the flow behavior and volume fractions of the individual phases. For this purpose, constitutive relations that incorporated composition-dependent strength coefficients were determined for the alpha and beta phases. With these constitutive relations and measurements of the specific compositions and volume fractions of the two phases at hot-working temperatures, the flow stress dependence on temperature under nominally isothermal conditions and the (average) strain rates in the individual phases were predicted for Ti-6Al-4V. The effect of temperature transients during hot deformation on the flow stress under nonisothermal (conventional) forging conditions and under nominally isothermal, high strain-rate conditions was also established using the self-consistent modeling approach. In these instances, the effect of a rapid temperature drop or rise, respectively, on the retention of a metastable microstructure was quantified. The predicted flow behaviors showed good agreement with experimental measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ecole Natl Super Mines, CNRS URA 1884, Ctr SMS, F-42023 St Etienne Du Rouvray 2, France. Ladish Co Inc, Cudahy, WI 53110 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Met Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Jonas, John/A-2773-2008; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Jonas, John/0000-0001-7291-6673; NR 44 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 22 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2719 EP 2727 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0394-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586DE UT WOS:000177568700046 ER PT J AU Burnham, BR Thompson, DF Jackson, WG AF Burnham, BR Thompson, DF Jackson, WG TI Positive predictive value of a health history questionnaire SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA VACCINATION PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES-ARMY; MEASLES; RECRUITS; CHILDREN; RUBELLA; ADULTS; SEROSURVEY; INFECTION; RISK AB The U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA) is one of the nation's military universities, with the mission to educate and motivate cadets to be career Air Force officers. This diverse population arrives at the USAFA with varying immunization records and disease histories. Analyses of costs and benefits regarding immunization strategies rely on accurate data and assumptions used in their calculation. Health history questionnaires are a low-cost way of evaluating immunization and disease history. However, this requires a good estimate of the questionnaire's positive predictive value, which may vary among populations. This study attempts to provide a more accurate estimate of the positive predictive value of health history questionnaires regarding varicella and rubella disease and vaccination strategies for the population of fourth degree (freshman) cadets at the USAFA. We found positive predictive values of 99% for rubella and 86% for varicella. These data emphasize the importance of analyzing the specific population for which a program is intended rather than broadly applying recommendations that were developed in other populations. C1 AFRL, HEDB, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF Acad, SGPZ, MDOS 710, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), AFRL, HEDB, 2606 Doolittle Dr,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 167 IS 8 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DY UT WOS:000181421000006 PM 12188233 ER PT J AU Ross, MD AF Ross, MD TI Physical therapy and changes in disability for patients with low back pain SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECEIVING WORKERS COMPENSATION; HEALTH OUTCOMES; CLASSIFICATION; IMPAIRMENTS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the changes in disability for patients being treated for low back pain (LBP) at a military physical therapy clinic from the time of initial evaluation to discharge from physical therapy and to compare those changes across categories of symptom duration and location. Methods: Three hundred four consecutive patients who completed a course of physical therapy for LBP were evaluated with the Oswestry LBP Disability questionnaire at the time of initial evaluation and discharge from physical therapy. Results: In all of the patient groups, mean Oswestry scores had decreased significantly from the time of initial evaluation to discharge from physical therapy, indicating that patients experienced significantly decreased levels of disability at the time of discharge from physical therapy. However, patients with LBP without lower extremity symptoms generally had greater decreases in disability than patients with LBP with lower extremity symptoms. Furthermore, whereas patients in the acute groups had the greatest decrease in disability, patients in the chronic groups had the smallest decrease in disability. Conclusion: Clinicians should use LBP symptom duration, as well as the presence or absence of lower extremity symptoms, to assist in developing treatment prognoses for patients with LBP. C1 SGOMY, Med Grp 27, Dept Phys Therapy, Cannon AFB, NM 88103 USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), SGOMY, Med Grp 27, Dept Phys Therapy, 208 W Casablanca Ave, Cannon AFB, NM 88103 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 167 IS 8 BP 662 EP 665 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DY UT WOS:000181421000011 PM 12188238 ER PT J AU Bermudez, JE Kim, FY AF Bermudez, JE Kim, FY TI Bladder stone in a 3-year-old Dominican male SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Bladder stones forming in the absence of underlying uropathy are termed primary, or endemic, bladder stones. They are prevalent among children in certain developing nations of Asia and northern Africa. Dietary deficiencies have been implicated in the cause of such stones, because they occur in regions of malnutrition and poverty; yet studies remain inconclusive. Interestingly, reports are lacking of primary bladder stones occurring in Central and South America, as well as in the Caribbean and Pacific islands, where certainly there are areas of impoverishment. The reasons for this remain unclear. This article presents the case of a primary bladder stone occurring in a patient from the Dominican Republic. C1 51st Aeromed Squadron, APO, AP 96266 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Bermudez, JE (reprint author), 51st Aeromed Squadron, APO, AP 96266 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 167 IS 8 BP 698 EP 700 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DY UT WOS:000181421000018 PM 12188245 ER PT J AU Orville, RE Huffines, GR Burrows, WR Holle, RL Cummins, KL AF Orville, RE Huffines, GR Burrows, WR Holle, RL Cummins, KL TI The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN) - First results: 1998-2000 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; GROUND FLASH DENSITY; STROKE PEAK CURRENT; EASTERN NEW-YORK; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; RETURN STROKES; SUMMER; UPGRADE; FIRES; COUNT AB Cloud-to-ground lightning data have been analyzed for the years 1998-2000 for North America (Canada plus the contiguous United States) for all ground flashes, positive flashes, the percentage of positive lightning, peak currents for negative and positive lightning, and for negative and positive multiplicity. The authors examined a total of 88.7 million flashes divided among the three years: 31.1 million (1998), 29.5 million (1999), and 28.2 million (2000). Annual flash densities are derived from 245-424 km(2) regions and are uncorrected for flash detection efficiency. The highest flash densities in Canada are along the U. S.-Canadian border (1-3 flashes km 22), and in the United States along the Gulf of Mexico coast and Florida (exceeding 9 flashes km 22). Maximum annual positive flash densities in Canada generally range primarily from 0.1 to 0.3 flashes km(-2), and in the United States to over 0.7 flashes km(-2) (areas in the Midwest, the Gulf Coast, and Florida). Areas of greater than 20% positive lightning occur throughout British Columbia and the midwest United States extending into Manitoba and Ontario. High percent positive also occurs in Quebec and much of eastern Canada. The median negative peak current is 16.5 kA. The median positive peak current, with the peak currents less than 10 kA removed from the calculation, is 19.8 kA. Median positive peak currents exceed 35 kA in the Midwest from west Texas to Nebraska to the Canadian border. The area of maximum mean negative multiplicity, exceeding 2.6 strokes, occurs in western Canada from just east of the British Columbia-Alberta border to and including Saskatchewan. Mean negative multiplicity also peaks in the southeastern United States. Mean positive multiplicity is observed to have maximum values in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and in a region centered on Tennessee. The authors examined the time of maximum flash rate in North America and find it is over land in the daytime hours with the exception of a region of maximum nighttime lightning in midcontinent that extends from the midwestern United States into Canada. Over the waters surrounding the North American continent, the maximum lightning is principally at night, including the coastal Pacific, the Gulf of California, the Gulf of Mexico, and the coastal waters of the North Atlantic. C1 Texas A&M Univ, CIAMS, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Cooperat Inst Appl Meteorol Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Meteorol Res Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. Global Atmospher Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Orville, RE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, CIAMS, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012; OI Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169; Cummins, Kenneth/0000-0001-9871-691X NR 26 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 130 IS 8 BP 2098 EP 2109 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2098:TNALDN>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 563KC UT WOS:000176254000010 ER PT J AU McKenna, DS Costa, S Iams, JD Samuels, P AF McKenna, DS Costa, S Iams, JD Samuels, P TI Cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin levels in women with preeclampsia SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRETERM LABOR; PLASMA; BIRTH; PREDICTOR; FEATURES; VESSELS AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the mean levels of fetal fibronectin in cervicovaginal secretions of women with preeclampsia and compare them with levels in normotensive controls. METHODS: Cervicovaginal swabs were obtained before digital examination from women who presented to labor and delivery for evaluation of preeclampsia and compared with fetal fibronectin levels from a group of control subjects with a similar gestational age. Fetal fibronectin was assayed by a specific enzyme-linked immunoassay. A concentration greater than 50 ng/mL was considered a positive result. RESULTS: Forty women with preeclampsia (17 mild and 23 severe) and 31 normotensive women were analyzed. The control group had 9.7% positive fetal fibronectins, whereas the preeclampsia group had 15% positive, P = .72, with 130% power to detect a 224 difference. The majority of the quantitative values in both groups were less than 20 ng/mL. There was not a significant difference between the two groups in quantitative cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin, P = .72, nor was there a difference between the women with severe preeclampsia and the controls, P = 1.0, or between the nulliparous women with preeclampsia versus the nulliparous controls, P = .3. CONCLUSION: Fetal fibronectin is not elevated in cervicovaginal secretions of women with preeclampsia. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Meternal Fetal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McKenna, DS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, USAF, Med Corp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 74th Med Grp,SGOG,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Samuels, Philip/E-4011-2011 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 100 IS 2 BP 266 EP 270 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02043-4 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02043-4 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 578ZV UT WOS:000177151700011 PM 12151148 ER PT J AU Dremsa, TL Engel, CC Liu, X Johantgen, M Smith, S AF Dremsa, TL Engel, CC Liu, X Johantgen, M Smith, S TI Do mental disorders matter? A study of absenteeism among care seeking Gulf War veterans with ill defined conditions and musculoskeletal disorders SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANXIETY DISORDER; DISABILITY; WORK; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DEPRESSION AB Aims: To investigate the extent that common psychological conditions contribute to lost work among individuals with musculoskeletal and ill defined conditions. Methods: Cross sectional health and work related survey evaluating Gulf War veterans seeking Department of Defense health care for Gulf War related health concerns. Ordered probit models were used to study whether a provider diagnosed musculoskeletal condition (ICD-9 codes 710-739) or "signs, symptoms, and ill defined conditions" (ICD-9 codes 780-799) have an effect on recent lost work over the previous 90 days in the presence of one or more psychological conditions (ICD-9 codes 290-320) after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Bivariate analyses revealed that musculoskeletal conditions, ill defined conditions, and psychological conditions were positively associated with lost work. Multivariate analyses showed an independent effect of both psychological conditions and musculoskeletal conditions. A significant interaction existed between psychological conditions and musculoskeletal conditions: the presence of a coexisting psychological condition considerably increased the likelihood that a musculoskeletal disorder resulted in lost work, or vice versa. Conclusions: Psychological conditions appear to be an important contributor to absenteeism among individuals with musculoskeletal and ill defined conditions. A limitation of the cross sectional design was the inability to sequence the onset of conditions. C1 USAF, NC, San Antonio, TX 78253 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Dremsa, TL (reprint author), USAF, NC, 12242 Netherwood Ln, San Antonio, TX 78253 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 59 IS 8 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1136/oem.59.8.532 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 582GA UT WOS:000177340400006 PM 12151609 ER PT J AU Nikulin, VV Skormin, VA Busch, TE AF Nikulin, VV Skormin, VA Busch, TE TI Genetic algorithm optimization for Bragg cell design SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mathematical model; nonlinear constraint optimization; genetic algorithms; loss function; penalty function; performance criterion AB Nonmechanical beam steering technologies utilizing acousto-optics enable us to achieve the high-bandwidth laser beam positioning required for optical communications, laser scanners, ladars, etc. The properties of the Bragg cell, which are chiefly responsible for the efficiency and attainable characteristics of the entire positioning system, are ensured by the successful design of this optical component. However, the design of Bragg cells is dominated by the experience and intuition of the designers, and the potential of this technology is not fully utilized. An optimal Bragg cell design problem is formulated on the basis of known equations of the underlying physical phenomena, and a genetic optimization scheme is applied for the solution of the resulting formidable problem. The approach not only yields a design solution, but also enables one to vary the design criterion and emphasize particular properties of the resultant component. The prowess of the proposed approach is demonstrated by design optimization examples. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Nikulin, VV (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect Engn, Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1767 EP 1773 DI 10.1117/1.1490558 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 587ED UT WOS:000177626800003 ER PT J AU Stevens, DM Banerjee, PP AF Stevens, DM Banerjee, PP TI Gaussian-beam-induced photorefractive birefringence and its application to radio-frequency signal excision SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROOPTIC POWER LIMITER; CRYSTALS AB For Gaussian-beam-induced optical limiting based on photoconductive field shielding of electro-optic (EO) birefringence, power-limiting notch widths may be accurately determined by considering the power-limiting threshold for the photorefractive crystal where excess charge accumulates. With sufficient optical intensity the space-charge field completely screens the externally applied electric field, and only a small diffusion field remains. The upper limit of light intensity attenuation is the extinction ratio for the combination of polarizers and EO crystal. C1 USAF, SNDI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Stevens, DM (reprint author), USAF, SNDI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 15 BP 1333 EP 1335 DI 10.1364/OL.27.001333 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576XX UT WOS:000177033400017 PM 18026441 ER PT J AU More, D O'Brien, K Shaw, J AF More, D O'Brien, K Shaw, J TI Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in the elderly SO PACE-PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; elderly; epsilon wave ID CARDIOMYOPATHY AB Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a syndrome characterized by recurrent ventricular tachycardia. However, cases of ARVD have also presented as dilated cardiomyopathy later associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Histologically, this syndrome manifests as a fibrofatty replacement of the RV myocardium, predisposing the heart to ventricular arrhythmias. ARVD was once considered a disease of the young, but may be underrecognized in the older population. This report presents two cases of elderly men with newly symptomatic ARVD, believed to represent the oldest patients with ARVD described in the literature to date. The diagnosis of ARVD should be considered in individuals of all ages who present with a clinical syndrome consistent with ARVD and supportive evidence on ECG. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MMIA, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP More, D (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MMIA, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUTURA PUBL CO PI ARMONK PA 135 BEDFORD RD, PO BOX 418, ARMONK, NY 10504-0418 USA SN 0147-8389 J9 PACE JI PACE-Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1266 EP 1269 DI 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.01266.x PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Engineering GA 595BR UT WOS:000178087400018 PM 12358179 ER PT J AU Ruff, HA Narayanan, S Draper, MH AF Ruff, HA Narayanan, S Draper, MH TI Human interaction with levels of automation and decision-aid fidelity in the supervisory control of multiple simulated unmanned air vehicles. SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID CONTROL STRATEGIES; SYSTEMS AB Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are vehicular robotic systems that are teleoperated by a geographically separated user. Advances in computing technology have enabled ROV operators to manage multiple ROVs by means of supervisory control techniques. The challenge of incorporating telepresence in any one vehicle is replaced by the need to keep the human "in the loop" of the activities of all vehicles. An evaluation was conducted to compare the effects of automation level and decision-aid fidelity on the number of simulated remotely operated vehicles that could be successfully controlled by a single operator during a target acquisition task. The specific ROVs instantiated for the study were unmanned air vehicles (UAVS). Levels of automation (LOAs) included manual control, management-by-consent, and management-by-exception. Levels of decision-aid fidelity (100% correct and 95% correct) were achieved by intentionally injecting error into the decision-aiding capabilities of the simulation. Additionally, the number of UAVs to be controlled varied (one, two, and four vehicles). Twelve participants acted as UAV operators. A mixed-subject design was utilized (with decision-aid fidelity as the between-subjects factor), and participants were not informed of decision-aid fidelity prior to data collection. Dependent variables included mission efficiency, percentage correct detection of incorrect decision aids, workload and situation awareness ratings, and trust in automation ratings. Results indicate that an automation level incorporating management-by-consent had some clear performance advantages over the more autonomous (management-by-exception) and less autonomous (manual control) levels of automation. However, automation level interacted with the other factors for subjective measures of workload, situation awareness, and trust. Additionally, although a 3D perspective view of the mission scene was always available, it was used only during low-workload periods and did not appear to improve the operator's sense of presence. The implications for ROV interface design are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. C1 Sytron Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruff, HA (reprint author), Sytron Inc, Bldg 1,4433 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Heath.Ruff@wpafb.af.mil; snarayan@cs.wright.edu; Mark.Draper@wpafb.af.mil NR 42 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 18 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 335 EP 351 DI 10.1162/105474602760204264 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 587XA UT WOS:000177668300002 ER PT J AU Khobaib, M Rensi, A Matikas, T Donley, MS AF Khobaib, M Rensi, A Matikas, T Donley, MS TI Real time mapping of corrosion activity under coatings (vol 41, pg 266, 2001) SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Coatings Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khobaib, M (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Matikas, Theodore/I-2803-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 4 BP 317 EP 317 AR PII S0300-9440(02)00006-1 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(02)00006-1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 619NY UT WOS:000179483800007 ER PT J AU Ge, J Angel, JRP Jacobsen, B Woolf, N Fugate, RQ Black, JH Lloyd-Hart, M AF Ge, J Angel, JRP Jacobsen, B Woolf, N Fugate, RQ Black, JH Lloyd-Hart, M TI An optical ultrahigh-resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph with adaptive optics SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ZETA-OPHIUCHI; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LINE; SPECTROSCOPY; TELESCOPE; CH+; CN; BAND AB A prototype cross-dispersed optical echelle spectrograph of very high resolution has been designed and built at Steward Observatory and tested at the Startire Optical Range 1.5 m telescope. It is the first spectrograph to take advantage of diffraction-limited images provided by adaptive optics in order to achieve a potential resolving power of R similar to 600,000. The wavelength coverage in a single exposure is about 300 Angstrom, which is approximately 100 times that of conventional spectrographs operating at comparable resolution. This was achieved by recording 60 cross-dispersed orders across the 18 x 18 mm(2) area of the CCD detector. The total efficiency of the system, including the sky and telescope transmission, spectrograph, and CCD detector, is measured to be 1.3% at peak, much higher than that of other ultrahigh-resolution spectrographs. Sample stellar spectra with R similar to 250,000 are presented. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Astron Adapt Opt, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Starforce Opt Range, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ge, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Astron Adapt Opt, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 114 IS 798 BP 879 EP 891 DI 10.1086/341711 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574PE UT WOS:000176898100009 ER PT J AU Mall, S AF Mall, S TI Integrity of graphite/epoxy laminate embedded with piezoelectric sensor/actuator under monotonic and fatigue loads SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY; ACTUATORS; BEHAVIOR AB This study investigated the integrity of the host graphite/epoxy laminate as well as of the embedded active PZT sensor/actuator under monotonic and fatigue loads. For this, graphite/epoxy (AS4/3501-6) laminates were fabricated where the commercially available piezoelectric device in the pre-pack-aged form was embedded. Two lay-ups were tested: [0/+/-45/90]s or [0/0/+/-45/0/0/90]s. The piezoelectric actuator/sensor was embedded in two ways: one method involved placing them into a cut-out area in the two middle 90degrees plies, and the second one involved insertion between the two middle 90degrees plies without any cut-out. Ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of the tested laminates were not affected due to insertion of the piezoelectric actuator/sensor using either of the embedding techniques. There was also no degradation in the fatigue strength/lives of the tested laminates due to insertion of the piezoelectric actuator/sensor. Furthermore, these were not affected by the embedding method (i.e. cut-out versus simple insertion method). Also, the integrity of the embedded piezoelectric actuator/sensor was preserved when mechanically fatigued or loaded monotonically to the maximum stress level equal to its operational design limit. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 527 EP 533 AR PII S0964-1726(02)37182-9 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/11/4/307 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 594ZU UT WOS:000178083000007 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Jones, K Rogers, R Dahoda, J AF Hedrick, A Jones, K Rogers, R Dahoda, J TI Learning from each other: Training to increase power SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Gardner Webb Univ, Boiling Springs, NC 28017 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 580EN UT WOS:000177222200008 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Manipulating strength and conditioning programs to improve athleticism SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE athleticism; sport-specific resistance training ID PERFORMANCE C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1519/00126548-200208000-00020 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 580EN UT WOS:000177222200017 ER PT J AU Endrino, JL Nainaparampil, JJ Krzanowski, JE AF Endrino, JL Nainaparampil, JJ Krzanowski, JE TI Microstructure and vacuum tribology of TiC-Ag composite coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering-pulsed laser deposition SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulsed laser deposition; magnetron sputtering; friction and wear; tribology; solid lubricants ID PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; CARBIDE; CODEPOSITION AB Composite titanium carbide-silver films have been co-deposited by magnetron sputtering-pulsed laser deposition (MSPLD) to study their friction and wear properties in vacuum. The films deposited were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), The silver content in the films ranged from 6 to 46 at.%. Structural characterization of the films revealed that Ag had a nano-crystalline structure when dispersed in the film, but larger crystallites of Ag (similar to50-200 nm) also formed on the surface. Films with higher Ag contents showed evidence of higher diffusion rates, leading to a coarser structure and greater surface coverage. Pin-on-disk friction tests were performed under vacuum to observe the friction and wear behavior of these films. Friction was lower with higher Ag content, but wear was higher; the optimal Ag concentration was found to be 15%. SEM images from the surface of the films and wear tracks were obtained to understand the morphology of this type of composite ceramic coating, and revealed Ag layers in the wear track elongated in the direction of wear. Based on these results, the significance of silver as a friction-reducing agent in vacuum environments was demonstrated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Mat Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF, RL, MBLT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krzanowski, JE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Kingsbury Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Endrino, Jose/G-1103-2011; OI Endrino, Jose/0000-0002-3084-7910 NR 15 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 157 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 AR PII S0257-8972(02)00138-X DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00138-X PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 575HD UT WOS:000176940100014 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D Rich, NM AF Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D Rich, NM TI Epidemiology of radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer in the era of prostate-specific antigen: An overview of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research national database SO SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-University-Surgeons CY FEB 14-16, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Soc Univ Surg ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; TIME TRENDS; CARCINOMA; RATES; OUTCOMES AB Background. Because of public awareness and screening, the incidence of clinically localized prostate cancer has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. The Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) was established by the US Congress in 1991 to study prostate cancer in the US military health care system. A key component of CPDR is a multicenter prospective and retrospective prostate research database that collects comprehensive standardized data on all consenting patients. To veto and document changes in the epidemiology of men electing radical prostatectomy (RP) as primary treatment for their localized prostate cancer, we undertook an analysis of such cases when the PSA screening test became widely available and used. Methods. The CPDR database consists of standardized data collection forms for each episode of care completed prospectively, and in some cases, retrospectively, on men with prostate cancer and those undergoing a prostate biopsy for Presumed cancer at participating medical centers. In July 2001, a query of all RPs performed between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2000, was conducted, revealing 3681 cases for analysis from 9 hospital sites. These cases were analyzed over time (calendar year), and changes in the characteristics of the patients,. disease severity, and surgical results were compared. Results. There was a significant shift to younger men undergoing RP with the median age declining to 62.3 years old by 2000, and more than 40% of the men were less than 60 years old. There was an increase in African-Americans undergoing RP and a large increase in clinical stage T1 disease candidates of both races representing 56.5% of men by 2000. There was a large increase in patients having pretreatment PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL (59.2% by 2000). Retropubic approach was predominant (over 80%) and was associated with a much lower blood loss by 2000 (approximately 800 mL). There was an increase in use of nerve-sparing procedures, and operative time declined significantly to a median of 3.5 hours by 2000. Finally, there was a marked surgical stage migration with a higher proportion of men with organ-confined, disease and negative surgical margins; by 2000, 63.4% had pT2 disease. The early outcomes improved with a 1-year disease-free survival in excess of 93%. Conclusions. RP is being performed more commonly on younger men with earlier stage disease in the PSA era. The operation is now performed more rapidly with less blood loss, and the surgical pathology outcome end points and early disease-free survival are improved. These results Portend well for improved long-term outcomes of surgical therapy. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Malcolm Grow AF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Camps Spring, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Augusta, GA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1067/msy.2002.125315 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 590YG UT WOS:000177851900015 PM 12219014 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Zellmer, RJ Pachter, R Hussain, SM Frazier, JM AF Trohalaki, S Zellmer, RJ Pachter, R Hussain, SM Frazier, JM TI Risk assessment of high-energy chemicals by in vitro toxicity screening and quantitative structure-activity relationships SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE high-energy chemicals; risk assessment; in vitro toxicity; QSAR; hydrazine ID ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; IN-VITRO; HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DNA-DAMAGE; HEPATOTOXICITY; METABOLISM; TRANSFORMATION; CYTOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE AB Hydrazine propellants pose a substantial operational concern to the U.S. Air Force and to the aerospace industry because of their toxicity. In our continuing efforts to develop methods for the prediction of the toxicological response to such materials, we have measured in vitro toxicity endpoints for a series of high-energy chemicals (HECs) that were recently proposed as propellants. The HECs considered are structurally diverse and can be classified into four chemical types (hydrazine-based, amino-based, triazoles, and a quaternary ammonium salt), although most are hydrazine derivatives. We measured the following endpoints in primary cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes: mitochondrial function (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total glutathione content (GSH). In several instances, effective concentrations (EC) were indeterminate, and only lower limits to the measured endpoints could be ascertained. Using molecular descriptors calculated with a semiempirical molecular orbital method, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were derived for MTT (EC25) and for GSH (EC50). Correlation coefficients for 2- and 3-parameter QSARs of about 0.9 enable us to predict the toxicity for similar compounds. Furthermore, except in one case, predicted EC values for the uncertain endpoints were consistent with experiment. Descriptors comprising the QSARs for MTT were consistent with the biophysical mechanism of toxic response found experimentally for hydrazine derivatives. Application of our derived QSARs will assist in predicting toxicity for newly proposed propellants. C1 Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), AFRL MLPJ, Bldg 651,3005 P St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 498 EP 507 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.498 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000029 PM 12151647 ER PT J AU Mogilevsky, P AF Mogilevsky, P TI Preparation of thin ceramic monofilaments for characterization by TEM SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE transmission electron microscopy; sample preparation; polishing; fiber-reinforced composites; scanning electron microscopy AB A method for preparing transmission electron microscopy specimens from ceramic fibers has been developed that is particularly useful when only a small amount of the material is available for characterization. Fiber segments are lined up and sandwiched between two glass slides using high-temperature epoxy. The resulting specimen is then polished flat from both sides using tripod polisher to remove the glass and produce thin (< 2 mum) longitudinal section of the fibers. The specimen is then ion-milled for a short time to produce electron-transparent areas. The method is also suitable for preparing very flat specimens for site-specific optical and SEM analysis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mogilevsky, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 164 AR PII S0304-3991(02)00129-8 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00129-8 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 586BT UT WOS:000177563400005 PM 12213017 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Christe, KO AF Haiges, R Christe, KO TI An improved method for product separation in metathetical reactions and its demonstration for the synthesis of anhydrous cesium salts SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE metatheses; cesium; cesium methoxide; cesium perchlorate; cesium dinitramide ID DINITRAMIDE ANION AB In conventional metathetical reactions, product separation is based on solubility product differences, and the resulting products are often impure and. require purification by recrystallization. A new approach to product separation is described that relies on the formation of an unstable, volatile by-product, such as NH4+CH3O-. This method provides very pure and anhydrous products in high yield and was demonstrated successfully for the syntheses of anhydrous cesium salts. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 628 IS 8 BP 1717 EP 1718 DI 10.1002/1521-3749(200208)628:8<1717::AID-ZAAC1717>3.0.CO;2-C PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 585QG UT WOS:000177535600002 ER PT J AU Gerken, M Boatz, JA Kornath, A Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Christe, KO AF Gerken, M Boatz, JA Kornath, A Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Christe, KO TI The F-19 NMR shifts are not a measure for the nakedness of the fluoride anion SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fluoride ion; F-19 NMR shifts; naked fluoride; deshielding; solvent effects; solid state effects; theoretical calculations; MAS F-19 NMR spectra of N(CH3)(4)F and P(CH3)(4)F ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ALKALI-METAL FLUORIDES; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; SHELL HARTREE-FOCK; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; BASIS-SETS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB The solvent dependency of the F-19 NMR shifts of the fluoride anion in CH3OH, H2O, CH3OCH3, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CHF3, CH3CN, CH3NO2, (CH3)(2)SO, and CH3COCH3 solutions was studied at the MP2/6-31 ++G(d, p) and B3LYP/6-31 ++G(d, p) levels of theory and compared to the experimental values. It is shown that the free gaseous fluoride anion is most shielded. The stepwise build-up of a solvation sphere was modeled for the F-/nH(2)O system and results in a progressive deshielding of the F- nucleus with an increasing number of water ligands. The first solvation sphere of F- is comprised of six or seven monodentate water molecules. The F-...H bond distances increase from 1.42 Angstrom in the monohydrate to 1.69-1.87 and 1.82 Angstrom in the penta- and hexahydrates, respectively, and the transfer of negative charge from F- to the water ligands reaches its maximum for the tetrahydrate. The wide range of about 70 ppm observed for the chemical shift of F- in different solvents and the order of deshielding are confirmed by model calculations. Furthermore, it is shown that the deshielding observed for different solvents does not correlate with the calculated binding energies between F- and the corresponding solvent molecules, but parallels the increase in the calculated shielding anisotropy in the case of monodentate solvent F- adducts. Since the calculated shielding anisotropy can be taken as a qualitative measure for the paramagnetic shielding, the large solvent dependency of the F- shifts is best explained by the varying amounts of solvent induced paramagnetic shielding. The preferred structure of the F-.CH3OH adduct involves hydrogen bridging through the hydroxyl and not the methyl group, and the minimum energy structures of F-.CH3SOCH3 and F-.CH3COCH3 exhibit bidentate solvent coordination. In solid fluorides, the chemical shift of F- spans more than 190 ppm and an increasing cation size results in increased deshielding. As previously shown, this deshielding is due to the electronic overlap effects. The MAS F-19 NMR spectra of solid N(CH3)(4)F and P(CH3)(4)F were also measured. The F- anion in the P(CH3)(4)(+) salt is 19 ppm less shielded than in the N(CH3)(4)(+) salt in accord with the increased cation size. However, in spite of its large size the deshielding caused by the N(CH3)4+ cation is only comparable to that of Rb+ due to the methyl groups not providing as good an overlap as the smaller but softer Cs+ cation. These results show that in both, the solid state and in solution, the chemical shift of F- is not a measure of its nakedness and that the fluoride anion is far from being naked. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 EI 1873-3328 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 AR PII S0022-1139(02)00101-X DI 10.1016/S0022-1139(02)00101-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 579GW UT WOS:000177171100011 ER PT J AU Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS AF Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS TI An AM1 study of the two-photon absorption in bis(styryl)benzene derivatives SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; MODEL AB We present an AMI semi-empirical study of the two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of a number of bis (styryl)benzene derivatives. In a recent report these systems were shown to be good two-photon absorbers. An analysis based on the INDO scheme was also included to calculate the TPA properties. The present study, based on configuration interaction consisting of single and double excitations, is compared with the above INDO model with respect to the prediction of energetics and TPA properties. The results indicate qualitative agreement, but serious questions regarding the applicability of both methods remain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Div, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Div, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2002 VL 361 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 78 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00875-8 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00875-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 582NB UT WOS:000177357100011 ER PT J AU Brewer, CD Powers, PE Kirkpatrick, SM Watson, EA AF Brewer, CD Powers, PE Kirkpatrick, SM Watson, EA TI Enhanced signal coupling into periodically poled lithium niobate with microlens arrays SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID UP-CONVERSION; IR AB The return signal frequency of an eye-safe ladar system is upconverted from the infrared to the visible through sum-frequency generation by incorporation of periodically poled LiNbO3 into the receiver. A quantitative analysis of the angular acceptance and the quantum efficiency is then presented for a single macroscopic receiver optic and a multiaperture microlens array. Comparing both results, a 6X increase in the receiver field of regard and an 18% increase in beam coupling were realized for the microlens design over the macroscopic system. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brewer, CD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM christopher.brewer@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 21 BP 4411 EP 4415 DI 10.1364/AO.41.004411 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 575WU UT WOS:000176972100026 PM 12148773 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Fell, NF Pan, YL Bottiger, J Bronk, BV Holler, S Chang, RK AF Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Fell, NF Pan, YL Bottiger, J Bronk, BV Holler, S Chang, RK TI Fluorescence from airborne microparticles: dependence on size, concentration of fluorophores, and illumination intensity (vol 40, pg 3005, 2001) SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Correction C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Hill, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shill@arl.army.mil NR 1 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 21 BP 4432 EP 4432 DI 10.1364/AO.41.004432 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 575WU UT WOS:000176972100029 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Hudson, HS AF Kahler, SW Hudson, HS TI Boundary structures and changes in long-lived coronal holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID SOFT-X-RAY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY; ASSOCIATION; FLUX; SUN; ROTATION; REGIONS; MINIMUM AB We report a first systematic morphological study of the boundaries of coronal holes (CHs) as viewed in soft X-ray images from the Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope. The special emphasis is on long-lived (several rotations) CHs that extend from the solar polar regions to midlatitudes. As shown earlier, such equatorward extensions tend to show rigid, rather than differential, rotation. Magnetic reconnection must occur at the closing boundary, in such a case, to maintain the CH integrity. We find three kinds of CH boundaries in the soft X-ray observations. The majority are generally ragged and not sharply defined; we also find smooth boundaries to occur near a matching-polarity active region (AR), and loopy boundaries to occur near an opposite-polarity AR. In this latter case the loops clearly do not extend far enough to reach another CH but instead end in normal corona. The CH boundaries evolve slowly, and neither large-scale transient X-ray events nor coronal bright points appeared significant factors in long-term CH boundary development. No direct evidence for magnetic reconnection is seen. We compare these results with those expected from current models, derived largely from considerations of heliospheric conditions rather than the detailed appearance of CHs in the low corona. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solar Phys Res Corp, ISAS, Kanagawa 229, Japan. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 1 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1086/340937 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZK UT WOS:000176978200040 ER PT J AU Chang, TY Wang, X Evans, DA Robinson, SL Zheng, JP AF Chang, TY Wang, X Evans, DA Robinson, SL Zheng, JP TI Tantalum oxide-ruthenium oxide hybrid(R) capacitors SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE hybrid capacitors; ruthenium oxide; tantalum oxide ID ENERGY AB A hybrid capacitor consisting of porous tantalum oxide anode electrode and ruthenium oxide cathode electrode was examined and characterized. The capacitor has a capacitance of 35 mF and an internal resistance of 45 mOmega. It was found that the capacitance was insensitive to current density up to 110 mA/cm(2), and temperature ranging from -70 to 50 degreesC. During dc charge and discharge cycles, the potential of the cathode electrode was within the electrochemical stability window. However. a sudden voltage-jump as high as 7.5 V could occur at the cathode electrode during a short circuit. discharge. A simple model was established to describe the transient behavior of cathode and anode electrodes. It was found that the voltage-jump was proportional to the ratio of the internal resistance of the cathode electrode to the total resistance of the capacitor. The resistance distribution inside the capacitor was also determined to be 47. 28, and 25% from the cathode, anode, and electrolyte, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Evans Capacitor Co, E Providence, RI 02914 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Zheng, JP (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1 BP 138 EP 143 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00240-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00240-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 575EW UT WOS:000176934600020 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Dente, GC Chavez, J Tilton, ML Gianardi, D AF Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Dente, GC Chavez, J Tilton, ML Gianardi, D TI High power and high brightness from an optically pumped InAs/InGaSb type-II midinfrared laser with low confinement SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report on optically pumped semiconductor lasers emitting near 3.8 mum that exhibit high power and low output divergence. The lasers incorporate multiple InAs/InGaSb/InAs type-II wells imbedded in an InGaAsSb waveguide that is designed to absorb the pump emission. When operated at 85 K, 0.25 mmx2.5 mm broad area devices produce >5 W of peak power under long pulse conditions. Moreover, these extremely bright devices exhibit a fast axis divergence of only similar to15degrees full width at half maximum (FWHM), coupled with a slow axis divergence of similar to6degrees FWHM. The first is due to the reduced optical confinement in the transverse direction, while the latter is attributed to the suppression of filament formation, which is another beneficial consequence of the low optical confinement. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab,Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Syst Branch, AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab,Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Syst Branch, AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3 BP 406 EP 408 DI 10.1063/1.1493227 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 569JQ UT WOS:000176599600006 ER PT J AU Yepez, J AF Yepez, J TI Quantum computation for physical modeling SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITARY CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; LATTICE-GAS AUTOMATA; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; MECHANICS; IMPLEMENTATION; COMPUTER; ALGORITHM C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 146 IS 3 BP 277 EP 279 AR PII S0010-4655(02)00418-6 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00418-6 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 580XX UT WOS:000177263000001 ER PT J AU Yepez, J Boghosian, B AF Yepez, J Boghosian, B TI An efficient and accurate quantum lattice-gas model for the many-body Schrodinger wave equation SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Computation for Physical Modeling CY OCT 18-19, 2000 CL N FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS DE Schrodinger wave equation; quantum computing; quantum lattice gas; quantum mechanics; computational physics ID BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; MECHANICS AB Presented is quantum lattice-gas model for simulating the time-dependent evolution of a many-body quantum mechanical system of particles governed by the non-relativistic Schrodinger wave equation with an external scalar potential, A variety of computational demonstrations are given where the numerical predictions are compared with exact analytical solutions. In all cases, the model results accurately agree with the analytical prediction,, and we show that the model's error is, second order in the temporal discretization and fourth order in the spatial discretization, The difficult problem of simulating a system of fermionic particles is also treated and a general computational formulation of this problem is given. For pedagogical purposes, the two-particle case is presented and the numerical dispersion of the simulated wave packets is compared with the analytical solutions. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 146 IS 3 BP 280 EP 294 AR PII S0010-4655(02)00419-8 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00419-8 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 580XX UT WOS:000177263000002 ER PT J AU Pravia, MA Chen, ZY Yepez, J Cory, DG AF Pravia, MA Chen, ZY Yepez, J Cory, DG TI Towards a NMR implementation of a quantum lattice gas algorithm SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Computation for Physical Modeling CY OCT 18-19, 2000 CL N FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS ID SPECTROSCOPY; COMPUTATION AB Recent theoretical results suggest that an array of quantum information processors communicating via classical channels can be used to solve fluid dynamics problems. Quantum lattice-gas algorithms (QLGA) running on such architectures have been shown to solve the diffusion equation and the nonlinear Burgers equations. In this report, we describe progress towards an ensemble nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) implementation of a QLGA that solves the diffusion equation. The methods rely on NMR techniques to encode an initial mass density into an ensemble of two-qubit quantum information processors. Using standard pulse techniques, the mass density can then manipulated and evolved through the steps of the algorithm. We provide the experimental results of our first attempt to realize the NMR implementation. The results qualitatively follow the ideal simulation, but the observed implementation errors highlight the need for improved control. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cory, DG (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 146 IS 3 BP 339 EP 344 AR PII S0010-4655(02)00425-3 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00425-3 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 580XX UT WOS:000177263000008 ER PT J AU Bhushan, B Halasz, A Spain, J Thiboutot, S Ampleman, G Hawari, J AF Bhushan, B Halasz, A Spain, J Thiboutot, S Ampleman, G Hawari, J TI Biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine catalyzed by a NAD(P)H: Nitrate oxidoreductase from Aspergillus niger SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; STRAIN DN22; RDX; BIODEGRADATION; REDUCTASE; SOIL; NITROREDUCTASES; MINERALIZATION; PURIFICATION AB Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can be efficiently mineralized with anaerobic domestic sludge, but the initial enzymatic processes involved in its transformation are unknown. To test the hypothesis that the initial reaction involves reduction of nitro group(s), we designed experiments to test the ability of a nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.2) to catalyze the initial reaction leading to ring cleavage and subsequent decomposition. A nitrate reductase from Aspergillus niger catalyzed the biotransformation of RDX most effectively at pH 7.0 and 30 degreesC under anaerobic conditions using NADPH as electron donor. LC/MS (ES-) chromatograms showed the formation of hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and methylenedinitramine as key initial products of RDX, but neither the dinitroso neither (DNX) nor trinitroso (TNX) derivatives were observed. None of the above detected products persisted, and their disappearance was accompanied by the accumulation of nitrous oxide (N(2)O), formaldehyde (HCHO), and ammonium ion (NH(4)(+)). Stoichiometric studies showed that three NADPH molecules were consumed, and one molecule of methylenedinitramine was produced per RDX molecule, The carbon and nitrogen mass balances were 96.14% and 82.10%, respectively. The stoichiometries and mass balance measurements supported a mechanism involving initial transformation of RDX to MNX via a two-electron reduction mechanism. Subsequent reduction of MNX followed by rapid ring cleavage gave methylenedinitramine which in turn decomposed in water to produce quantitatively N(2)O and HCHO. The results clearly indicate that an initial reduction of a nitro group by nitrate reductase is sufficient for the decomposition of RDX. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Def Res Estab, Quebec City, PQ G3J IX5, Canada. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@nrc.ca NR 37 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 14 BP 3104 EP 3108 DI 10.1021/es.011460a PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573WR UT WOS:000176855600011 PM 12141490 ER PT J AU Arnold, ST Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Arnold, ST Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI A theoretical study of high electron affinity sulfur oxyfluorides: SO3F, SO2F3, and SOF5 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE electron affinity; G2 theory; sulfur oxyfluoride; SO3F; SO2F3; SOF5 ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BRONSTED ACIDS; ANIONS; KINETICS; RADICALS; HSO4 AB Gaussian-2 theory was used to study a series of sulfur oxyfluorides that have exceptionally high electron affinities (EAs). Optimized geometries were computed for SO3F, SO2F3, SOF5, and their corresponding anions at the MP2(full)/6-311+G(d) level of theory. Both SO3F and SOF5 are found to be stable with respect to dissociation, while SO2F3 is metastable with respect to SO2F2 + F. In all cases, electron attachment results in a shortening of one long SO bond within the molecule and a corresponding increase in the remaining SF and SO bonds; a significant portion of the excess charge is accommodated in an SO bonding orbital. Harmonic vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman intensities were computed for all species, and the calculated vibrational spectra of SOF5- and SO2F3- are compared to the reported experimental spectra. The EAs of SO3F, SO2F3, and SOF5 are found to be 5.53, 5.50, and 5.14 eV, respectively, all well exceeding the threshold of 3.6 eV that defines a superhalogen species. The corresponding anion vertical detachment energies and neutral vertical attachment energies are also reported here. The calculated EA of SO3F is discussed in relation to the gas-phase acidity of FSO3H. The homolytic bond dissociation energy of FSO3H is found to differ significantly from the previous estimate, suggesting the previous experimental estimate for the EA of SO3F [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114 (1992) 4299] be revised upward from 4.8 to 5.2 eV. (Int J Mass Spectrom 218 (2002) 207-215) (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, ARFL,VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Arnold, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, ARFL,VSBX, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 218 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00713-3 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00713-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 584QP UT WOS:000177479400002 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS Hultman, L AF Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS Hultman, L TI Plasma characterization during laser ablation of graphite in nitrogen for the growth of fullerene-like CNx films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GRAPHITE; OPTICAL-EMISSION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; THERMAL-STABILITY; EXCIMER-LASER; RAMAN-SPECTRA; DEPOSITION; SUPERHARD AB Chemistry, energy, and spatial distributions of species in carbon-nitrogen plasma plumes were investigated to define plasma conditions for growth of carbon nitride CNx films with a fullerene-like structure. Plumes were generated by ablation of graphite using a 248 nm excimer laser in the presence of low-pressure nitrogen. The plumes were investigated using element specific imaging, time-of-flight experiments, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular vibration sequence analyses. Studies showed the importance of plume/substrate interaction in causing secondary excitation phenomena. For N-2 pressures within the 5-50 mTorr range, plasmas at the substrate vicinity were found to consist mostly of atomic carbon, CN and C-2 molecules. Kinetic energies were calculated within 10-20 eV for mono atomic carbon, 30-55 eV for CN, and 20-40 eV for C-2. Excited CN and C-2 molecules were generated by laser ablation and by collisions of the plume with the substrate surface. Their vibrational energies were strongly influenced by nitrogen pressure and time after a laser pulse. For pressures below 30 mTorr, vibrational energy was as high as 4.0 eV at 2-4 mus for CN and 2.5 eV at 8-10 mus for C-2. This low pressure was suggested for the growth of fullerene-like CNx films based on correlations between plasma parameters and film composition and bonding. Synthesis of the fullerene-like structure required high molecular temperatures at the condensation surface. High concentrations of CN radicals in the plasma promoted nitrogen incorporation into the films. Correlations among CNx film composition/bonding, excitation maximums, and kinetic/vibrational energies of atomic carbon, CN and C-2 species located near the condensation surface are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Linkoping Univ, IFM, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 51 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 724 EP 735 DI 10.1063/1.1481972 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 569JV UT WOS:000176600000011 ER PT J AU Yu, KO Narayanan, L Mattie, DR Godfrey, RJ Todd, PN Sterner, TR Mahle, DA Lumpkin, MH Fisher, JW AF Yu, KO Narayanan, L Mattie, DR Godfrey, RJ Todd, PN Sterner, TR Mahle, DA Lumpkin, MH Fisher, JW TI The pharmacokinetics of perchlorate and its effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in the male rat SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perchlorate; thyroid; inhibition of iodide uptake; thyroid hormones; TSH ID DRINKING-WATER; HORMONES AB Perchlorate, an environmental contaminant, is known to disturb the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis by blocking iodide accumulation in the thyroid. Iodide deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism and goiter in rats. The objective of the study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of perchlorate in male Sprague-Dawley rats relative to inhibition of thyroidal radiolabeled iodide uptake and onset of up-regulation of the HPT axis. Radiolabeled perchlorate (3.3 mg/kg (ClO4-)-Cl-36) was excreted in urine (99.5% over a 48-h period). (ClO4-)-Cl-36 is rapidly distributed into tissues with preferential sequestration into skin, gastrointestinal tract (GT), and thyroid. Calculated half-lives of (ClO4-)-Cl-36 from the skin, thyroid, plasma, GT, and GT contents were 32.0, 7.6, 7.3, 10.0, and 8.6 h, respectively. Perchlorate was very effective at inhibiting thyroidal uptake of radiolabeled iodide (I-125(-)). In animals iv dosed with perchlorate followed by an iv challenge of I-125(-), thyroidal I-125(-) uptake was diminished by 11, 29, 55, and 82% at 11 h postdosing in the 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg perchlorate dose groups, respectively. In perchlorate drinking water studies, dose-dependent inhibition in thyroidal uptake of I-125(-) initially occurred with corresponding increases in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and decreases in thyroid hormone levels. TSH stimulated recovery from the initial perchlorate blocking effects was evident during 14 days of treatment in the 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg per day treatment groups. However, recovery of serum thyroid hormones at these doses was much slower despite evidence for iodide sufficiency in the thyroid. These results suggest that the typical homeostatic mechanisms of the thyroid may respond differently at high doses of perchlorate used in this rat study (above 1 mg/kg per day) or perchlorate may be acting on the HPT axis by mechanisms other than thyroidal I-125(-) uptake inhibition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USAF, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Operat Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Yu, KO (reprint author), USAF, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, Res Lab, Bldg 79,2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 2 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.1006/taap.2002.9432 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 580XC UT WOS:000177261200007 PM 12140178 ER PT J AU Roberts, TM AF Roberts, TM TI Radiated pulses decay exponentially in materials in the far fields of antennas SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB There has been recent interest in using short-pulse radar to detect targets in lossy clutter. The analysis presented here shows that the energy and peak-power densities of pulses decay exponentially with depth in homogeneous, lossy, dispersive materials, provided the frequency bands of the pulses are separated from DC. Many numerical examples verify the analytical results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Roberts, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Antenna Technol Branch, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 14 BP 679 EP 680 DI 10.1049/el:20020482 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 578CZ UT WOS:000177101000004 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, W TI More photogrammetry for wind-tunnel testing SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Recent work by Liu et al. (Liu, T., Cattafesta, L. N., III, Radeztsky, R. H., and Burner, A. W., "Photogrammetry Applied to Wind-Tunnel Testing," AIAA Journal, Vol. 38, No. 6, 2000, pp. 964-971) has led to renewed interest in the use of photogrammetry for measuring the position, attitude, and deformation of a test article in a wind tunnel. The present research expands on this work with a more comprehensive mathematical model that can be used not only for determining the interior parameters of the cameras, but also the wind-off alignment of both the cameras and the test article relative to the wind tunnel. This calibration is achieved by combining data from multiple cameras and multiple model attitude settings in a single least-squares fit, though (with eight cameras) as many as 94 fit parameters can be involved. Similarly, data from multiple cameras are combined in a single six-parameter fit to determine the position and attitude of the test article at wind-on conditions. Precision estimates of fitted parameters are obtained through use of the covariance-matrix formalism and by bootstrapping. The model is demonstrated on data from two pressure-sensitive paint tests. An absolute accuracy of 0.01 deg for pitch measurements is demonstrated for this nonoptimized configuration. Suggestions for improvements are given for a dedicated optical model attitude measurement system. C1 Jacobs Sverdrup, AEDC Grp, Instrumentat & Diagnost Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ruyten, W (reprint author), Jacobs Sverdrup, AEDC Grp, Instrumentat & Diagnost Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1277 EP 1283 DI 10.2514/2.1814 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 569WA UT WOS:000176624400003 ER PT J AU Hugo, RJ Nowlin, SR Hahn, IL Eaton, FD McCrae, KA AF Hugo, RJ Nowlin, SR Hahn, IL Eaton, FD McCrae, KA TI Acoustic noise-source identification in aircraft-based atmospheric temperature measurements SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; JETS AB Atmospheric temperature fluctuation data collected from a Grumman Gulfstream 11 aircraft show features in temperature power spectral density functions that do not follow the expected -(5)/(3) slope for homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Spectral analysis techniques show that these features result from the upstream propagation of a nondispersive acoustical wave. The source of the acoustical wave, which appears only at flight altitudes greater than 28,000 ft (8530 m), is attributed to engine acoustics in the form of jet screech where vortical structures interact with a quasi-periodic shock cell structure, both in the jet exhaust. The nature of the acoustical disturbance is shown to be dependent on velocity, with increased velocity resulting in a decrease in jet-screech peak frequency. These results are found to be consistent with those of other researchers investigating jet screech injet flows. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hugo, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1382 EP 1387 DI 10.2514/2.1798 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 569WA UT WOS:000176624400015 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC Courson, DL AF Kimmel, EC Courson, DL TI Characterization of particulate matter in carbon-graphite/epoxy advanced composite material smoke SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE advanced composite material; carbon-graphite/epoxy; fibers; particulates; respirable; smoke ID FIBER AB The physical and chemical properties of the particulate fraction of carbon-graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (cgeACM) smoke were measured to address concerns regarding potential health hazards posed by the release of fibers during pyrolysis of this material, Filter, low-pressure cascade impactor, and electrostatic precipitator samples were collected from cgeACM smoke in which the aerosol concentration ranged from 0.20 to 5.39 g/m(3). Fibers were found in the smoke among individual, spherical, or nearly spherical particles and chain aggregates. The fibers had a mean count diameter of 0.54 mum and an average length of 2.84 mum. However, fibers accounted for approximately 0.3% of the particles counted. The smoke aerosols (including fibers) had mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) ranging from 1.4 to 1.9 mum with standard geometric deviations ranging from 1.6 to 1.8, and hence more than 88% of the particles were in the thoracic size range (MMADless than or equal to4.0 mum). All particles were composed primarily of carbon, silicon, sulfur, and oxygen with traces of other metals. By comparison fibers were composed almost exclusively of silicon. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Hlth Effects Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kimmel, EC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Geocenters Inc, NHRC TD Bldg,433 2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 63 IS 4 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1080/15428110208984729 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 583DG UT WOS:000177390200006 PM 12486774 ER PT J AU Kahler, S Ling, A AF Kahler, S Ling, A TI Comparisons of high latitude E > 20 MeV proton geomagnetic cutoff observations with predictions of the SEPTR model SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA Rumanian DT Article DE interplanetary physics; energetic particles; magnetospheric physics; polar cap phenomena; space plasma physics; charged particle motion and acceleration ID SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; FIELD; REVISION; CHARGE; SPACE AB Radiation effects from solar energetic proton (SEP) events are a concern when the International Space Station reaches high latitudes accessible to SEPs. We use data from the 20-29 and 29-64 MeV proton channels of the Proton/Electron Telescope on the SAMPEX satellite during nine large SEP events to determine the experimental geographic cutoff latitudes for the two energy ranges. These are compared with calculated cutoff latitudes based on a computer model, SEPTR (solar energetic particle tracer). The observed cutoff latitudes are systematically equatorward of the latitudes calculated by the SEPTR program using a Tsyganenko field model, but that model produces mean values of similar to2degrees for latitudinal differences with observations, DeltaLat, which are similar to3 times smaller than those using the 1995 International Geomagnetic Reference Field model alone. The number distributions of DeltaLat are peaked near 0degrees and decline toward higher values. With the Tsyganenko model, we find no significant trend in either the DeltaLat or their variances with increasing K-p. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Radex Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Kahler, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7 BP 997 EP 1005 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HW UT WOS:000177402900011 ER PT J AU Newell, PT Sotirelis, T Ruohoniemi, JM Carbary, JF Liou, K Skura, JP Meng, CI Deehr, C Wilkinson, D Rich, FJ AF Newell, PT Sotirelis, T Ruohoniemi, JM Carbary, JF Liou, K Skura, JP Meng, CI Deehr, C Wilkinson, D Rich, FJ TI OVATION: Oval variation, assessment, tracking, intensity, and online nowcasting SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; energetic particles; precipitating; magnetosphere; ionosphere interactions ID EQUATORWARD AURORAL BOUNDARIES; DMSP-F2 ELECTRON OBSERVATIONS; POLAR-CAP; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; STATE; SHEET; MODEL AB The location of the auroral oval and the intensity of the auroral precipitation within it are basic elements in any adequate characterization of the state of the magnetosphere. Yet despite the many ground-based and spacecraft-borne instruments monitoring various aspects of auroral behavior, there are no clear and consistent answers available to those wishing to locate the auroral oval or to quantify its intensity. The purpose of OVATION is to create a tool which does so. OVATION is useful both for archival purposes and for space weather nowcasting. The long-running DMSP particle data set, which covers both hemispheres, and has operated since the early 1980s, and which will continue to operate well into the next decade, is chosen as a calibration standard. Other data sets, including global images from Polar UVI, SuperDARN boundaries, and meridian scanning photometer images, are cross-calibrated to the DMSP standard. Each incorporated instrument has its average offset from the DMSP standard determined as a function of MLT, along with the standard deviations. The various data can, therefore, be combined in a meaningful manner, with the weight attached to a given boundary measurement varying inversely with the variance (square of the standard deviation). OVATION currently spans from December 1983 through the present, including real-time data. Participation of additional experimenters is highly welcomed. The only prerequisites are a willingness to conduct the prescribed cross-calibration procedure, and to make the data available online. The real-time auroral oval location can be found here: http://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/Aurora/ovation_live/north_display.html. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Newell, PT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Carbary, James/C-2086-2016; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Carbary, James/0000-0003-1781-3078; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1039 EP 1047 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HW UT WOS:000177402900015 ER PT J AU Fillman, EP Perry, WB Cina, SJ AF Fillman, EP Perry, WB Cina, SJ TI Pathologic quiz case - A colonic mass in a 53-year-old woman SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENDOMETRIOSIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Fillman, EP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 126 IS 7 BP 867 EP 868 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 573UM UT WOS:000176849900020 PM 12125648 ER PT J AU Wright, JK Ehler, W McGlasson, DL Thompson, W AF Wright, JK Ehler, W McGlasson, DL Thompson, W TI Facilitation of recovery from acute blood loss with hyperbaric oxygen SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; THERAPY; GROWTH; EXPOSURE; INFECTIONS; REDUCTION; ULCERS; MODEL AB Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been used for more than 25 years as therapy for extreme blood loss in cases where transfusion has been unavailable. The use of HBO for lesser amounts of blood loss to avoid the transfusion of blood products has not been investigated. Hypothesis: Hyperbaric oxygen up-regulates hemoglobin synthesis after acute blood loss in an animal model of moderate (30%) blood loss. Design: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were bled to a calculated loss of 30% of the circulating blood volume. The rabbits received Ringer lactate infusions to correct hypovolemia and were divided into 2 groups: a control group and a treatment group receiving HBO. Intervention: One group of 12 animals received no treatment other than Ringer lactate resuscitation, whereas the other group of 12 received 5 HBO treatments in the 4 days immediately following blood loss. Hemoglobin levels and reticulocyte counts were monitored for 14 days after the bleeding episode. Results: The control group was more affected by the blood withdrawal than the HBO group, reaching a low of 37% hemoglobin loss compared with 29% hemoglobin loss at 48 hours (P < .001). The HBO group recovered faster, reaching the baseline level of hemoglobin in I I days as opposed to 14 days for the control group (P < .001). Reticulocyte counts were not significantly affected by HBO treatment. Conclusions: Treatment with HBO favorably affected recovery from moderate (30%) acute blood loss, resulting in lessened effects at 48 hours and hastening recovery to baseline hemoglobin levels. Our results support the data gained from clinical experience treating extreme blood loss with HBO. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FEH, Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59th, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wright, JK (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FEH, Davis Hyperbar Lab, 2602 W Gate Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 137 IS 7 BP 850 EP 853 DI 10.1001/archsurg.137.7.850 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 571JU UT WOS:000176714900020 PM 12093345 ER PT J AU Tedesco, EF Egan, MP Price, SD AF Tedesco, EF Egan, MP Price, SD TI The Midcourse Space Experiment Infrared Minor Planet Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; minor planets, asteroids; solar system : general AB We present data for main-belt asteroids serendipitously observed by the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) in the course of its long-scan astronomy survey observations. Based upon the orbital elements for 26,791 asteroids, we have identified 325 sightings (920 observations) of 168 different asteroids in the MSX data, 20 of which were observed only once in a single band and are labeled singletons. Of the 168 different asteroids, 30 (including six singletons) were not previously observed by IRAS. Diameters and albedos were derived on the IRAS system. We present the entire MSX Infrared Minor Planet Survey data set, describe how it was created, and compare it with the Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey data set. C1 TerraSyst Inc, Lee, NH 03824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tedesco, EF (reprint author), TerraSyst Inc, 59 Wednesday Hill Rd, Lee, NH 03824 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 583 EP 591 DI 10.1086/340960 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 563UA UT WOS:000176272900041 ER PT J AU Thomas, RW Raines, RA Baldwin, RO Temple, MA AF Thomas, RW Raines, RA Baldwin, RO Temple, MA TI Performance analysis of multicast algorithms for mobile satellite communication networks SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Multicasting; low earth orbit satellite; mobile IP; distance vector multicast routing protocol; on demand multicast routing protocol; mobility AB With the rise of mobile computing and an increasing need for ubiquitous high-speed data connections, Internet-in-the-sky solutions are becoming increasingly viable. To reduce the network overhead of one-to-many transmissions, the multicast protocol has been devised. The implementation of multicast in these low earth orbit OLEO) constellations is a critical component to achieving an omnipresent network environment. This paper examines the system performance associated with two terrestrial-based multicast mobility solutions, distance vector multicast routing protocol (DVMRP) with mobile IP and on demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP). These protocols are implemented and simulated in a satellite LEO constellation. Results from the simulation trials show the ODMRP protocol provided greater than 99% reliability in packet deliverability, at the cost of more than 8 bits of overhead for every 1 bit of data for multicast groups with multiple sources. In contrast, DVMRP proved robust and scalable, with data-to-overhead ratios increasing logarithmically with membership levels. DVMRP also had less than 70 ms of average end-to-end delay, providing stable transmissions at high loading and membership levels. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raines, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-3664 J9 COMPUT COMMUN JI Comput. Commun. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 25 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 1085 EP 1093 AR PII S0140-3664(02)00022-1 DI 10.1016/S0140-3664(02)00022-1 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 564NH UT WOS:000176320100011 ER PT J AU Bernardin, RM Ritter, MSE Murchland, MR AF Bernardin, RM Ritter, MSE Murchland, MR TI Papular pityriasis rosea SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-7; SKIN AB This article has been peer reviewed and approved by Michael Fisher, MD, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Review date: June 2002. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom, Inc: The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Albert Einstein College of Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1.0 hour in category 1, credit toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award.. Each physician should claim only those hours of credit that he/she actually spent in the educational activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with ACCME Essentials. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Teaching Fac, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Murchland, MR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 582GK UT WOS:000177341300007 PM 12184673 ER PT J AU Rance, BR Elston, DM AF Rance, BR Elston, DM TI Disseminated coccidioidomyclosis discovered during routine skin cancer screening SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB A 78-year-old white man presented for routine dermatologic examination. A 4x4-mm erythematous papule was noted on the left upper back. It was asymptomatic and previously unnoticed by the patient. The results of a shave biopsy revealed a large spherule with granular cytoplasm diagnostic of coccidioidomycosis. Chest x-ray revealed a 1.8-cm right upper lobe mass. The complement fixation antibody titer for cocci was 1:128. The patient was treated for disseminated coccidioidomycosis with oral fluconazole. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of coccidioidomycosis are discussed. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Rance, BR (reprint author), USAR, Ehrling Berquist Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Offutt AFB, NE USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 582GK UT WOS:000177341300011 PM 12184677 ER PT J AU Komar, N Lanciotti, R Bowen, R Langevin, S Bunning, M AF Komar, N Lanciotti, R Bowen, R Langevin, S Bunning, M TI Detection of West Nile Virus in oral and cloacal swabs collected from bird carcasses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 8 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 741 EP 742 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200021 PM 12095448 ER PT J AU Schwartz, Z Ehland, H Sylvia, VL Larsson, D Hardin, RR Bingham, V Lopez, D Dean, DD Boyan, BD AF Schwartz, Z Ehland, H Sylvia, VL Larsson, D Hardin, RR Bingham, V Lopez, D Dean, DD Boyan, BD TI 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 modulate growth plate chondrocyte physiology via protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID TURNOVER; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1; RESTING ZONE; MEMBRANE-RECEPTOR; MAP KINASE; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); CARTILAGE CELLS; ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES AB Membrane-mediated increases in protein kinase C (PKC) activity and PKC-dependent physiological responses of growth plate chondrocytes to vitamin D metabolites depend on the state of endochondral maturation; 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3] regulates growth zone (GC) cells, whereas 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 regulates resting zone (RC) cells. Different mechanisms, including protein kinase A signaling, mediate the effects of 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 on PKC, suggesting that different mechanisms may also regulate any MAPK involvement in the physiological responses. This study used confluent cultures of rat costochondral chondrocytes as a model. 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 stimulated MAPK specific activity in GC in a time- and dose-dependent manner, evident within 9 min. 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 stimulated MAPK in RC increases were dose dependent, occurred after 9 min, and were greatest at 90 min. In both cells the effect was due to ERK1/2 activation (p42 > p44 in GC; p42 = p44 in RC). MAPK activation was dependent on PKC, but not protein kinase A. The effect of 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 required phospholipase C, and the effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 required phospholipase D. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity reduced the effect of 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 on MAPK in GC and enhanced the effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 in RC. Based on MAPK inhibition with PD98059, ERK1/2 MAPK mediated the effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 on [H-3]thymidine incorporation and [S-35]sulfate incorporation by RC, but only partially mediated the effect of 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 on GC. ERK1/2 was not involved in the regulation of alkaline phosphatase specific activity by either metabolite. This paper supports the hypothesis that 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 regulates the physiology of GC via rapid membrane-mediated signaling pathways, and some, but not all, of the response to 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 is via the ERK family of MAPKs. In contrast, 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 exerts its effects on RC via PKC-dependent MAPK. Whereas 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 increases MAPK activity via phospholipase C and increased prostaglandin production, 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 increases MAPK via phospholipase D and decreased prostaglandin production. The cell specificity, metabolite stereospecificity, and the dependence on PKC argue for the participation of membrane receptors for 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 in the regulation of ERK1/2 in the growth plate. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Hadassah Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Periodont, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthoped, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7774, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM boyanb@uthscsa.edu NR 76 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 143 IS 7 BP 2775 EP 2786 DI 10.1210/en.143.7.2775 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 568PE UT WOS:000176550400040 PM 12072413 ER PT J AU Garzon, AM Sweeney, A del Junco, D Albanese, RA AF Garzon, AM Sweeney, A del Junco, D Albanese, RA TI A case-control study of birth defects, cancer and dioxin exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dept AF, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 603 BP S187 EP S187 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600563 ER PT J AU Pavuk, M Schectyer, A Akhtar, F Michalek, J AF Pavuk, M Schectyer, A Akhtar, F Michalek, J TI Alterations in thryoid metabolism in US Air Force sprayers of Agent Orange SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. SpecPro Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 661 BP S198 EP S198 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600615 ER PT J AU Kettner, M Willwohl, D Hubbard, GB Rub, U Dick, EJ Cox, AB Trottier, Y Auburger, G Braak, H Schultz, C AF Kettner, M Willwohl, D Hubbard, GB Rub, U Dick, EJ Cox, AB Trottier, Y Auburger, G Braak, H Schultz, C TI Intranuclear aggregation of nonexpanded ataxin-3 in Marinesco bodies of the nonhuman primate substantia nigra SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ataxin-3; polyglutamine disease; ubiquitin; intranuclear inclusion; nonhuman primates; Marinesco bodies; spinocerebellar ataxia ID DOMINANT CEREBELLAR ATAXIAS; MACHADO-JOSEPH-DISEASE; EXPANDED POLYGLUTAMINE; INCLUSION DISEASE; TAU-PATHOLOGY; UBIQUITIN; BRAINS; RECRUITMENT; APOPTOSIS; NUCLEUS AB Marinesco bodies (MB) are intranuclear inclusion bodies predominantly found in melanin-pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra. MB are demonstrable not only in humans but also in nonhuman primates. In the present study MB of aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 15; mean age 16 years) and aged baboons (Papio anubis; n = 13; mean age 25 years) were examined immunohistochemically. MB were found to be immunoreactive for ubiquitin, a protein involved in initiation of proteasome-mediated proteolysis. We also demonstrate that MB in monkeys are intensely immunoreactive for the protein ataxin-3 as detected by using two monoclonal anti-ataxin-3 antibodies (1H9 and 2B6). The abnormally expanded form of this polyglutamine protein is known to be causally involved in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 or Machado-Joseph disease. The monoclonal antibody 1C2 was employed to examine whether ataxin-3 in MB in monkeys contains such an abnormally expanded polyglutamine stretch. MB were consistently 1C2-immunonegative, indicating that they are composed of normal wild-type ataxin-3. In conclusion MB in nonhuman primates permit experimental examination of mechanisms involved in transnuclear localization, intranuclear aggregation, and ubiquitination of nonexpanded polyglutamine proteins. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 JW Goethe Univ, Dept Anat, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Lab Anim Med, San Antonio, TX USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Reg Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Direct Energy Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, INSERM, CNRS, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. JW Goethe Univ, Dept Neurol, Sect Mol Neurogenet, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Kettner, M (reprint author), JW Goethe Univ, Dept Anat, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Trottier, Yvon/H-8852-2016 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51RR 13986] NR 22 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 176 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1006/exnr.2002.7916 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 574VV UT WOS:000176911000011 PM 12093088 ER PT J AU Fisher, KA Maybeck, PS AF Fisher, KA Maybeck, PS TI Multiple model adaptive estimation with filter spawning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FAILURE-DETECTION; VISTA F-16; SYSTEMS; FLIGHT AB Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) with filter spawning is used to detect and estimate partial actuator failures on the VISTA F-16. The truth model is a full six-degree-of-freedom simulation provided by Calspan and General Dynamics. The design models are chosen as 13-state linearized models, including first order actuator models. Actuator failures are incorporated into the truth model and design model assuming a "failure to free stream." Filter spawning is used to include additional filters with partial actuator failure hypotheses into the MMAE bank. The spawned filters are based on varying degrees of partial failures (in terms of effectiveness) associated with the complete-actuator-failure hypothesis with the highest conditional probability of correctness at the current time. thus, a blended estimate of the failure effectiveness is found using the filters' estimates based upon a no-failure hypothesis, a complete actuator failure hypothesis, and the spawned filter l partial-failure hypotheses. This yields substantial precision in effectiveness estimation, compared with what is possible without spawning additional filters, making partial failure adaptation a viable methodology in a manner heretofore unachieved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fisher, KA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Peter.Maybeck@afit.edu NR 24 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 755 EP 768 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1039397 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 597AJ UT WOS:000178199400002 ER PT J AU Shobeiri, SA Nolan, TE Yordan-Jovet, R Echols, KT Chesson, RR AF Shobeiri, SA Nolan, TE Yordan-Jovet, R Echols, KT Chesson, RR TI Digital examination compared to trans-perineal ultrasound for the evaluation of anal sphincter repair SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; anal sphincter; laceration ID VAGINAL ENDOSONOGRAPHY; FECAL INCONTINENCE; RISK-FACTORS; DELIVERY; DEFECTS; ANATOMY; TEARS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; RUPTURE; DAMAGE AB Objective: To assess the adequacy of a third- or a fourth-degree laceration repair by comparing digital and transperineal ultrasound measurements. Method: During a 4-year period, 34 subjects without prior history of anal sphincter injury or fecal incontinence underwent ultrasound measurements of external anal sphincter muscle diameter and perineal length, which were compared to measurements obtained by digital examination. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficients for comparing the digital external sphincter examination to trans-perineal ultrasonography, and the digital perineal examination to trans-perineal ultrasonography were 0.88 and 0.40, respectively. Patients (n=4/34) whose external sphincter was identified as less than I cm by digital examination were found to have an external sphincter diameter of less than I cm by trans-perineal ultrasound. Conclusion: The digital perineum examination is a reliable method of measuring the external sphincter thickness and perineal body length immediately after primary repair. (C) 2002 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Shobeiri, SA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Female Pelv Med & Reconstruct Surg, POB 26901,WP 2410, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 AR PII S0020-7292(02)00068-1 DI 10.1016/S0020-7292(02)00068-1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 580KR UT WOS:000177234200006 PM 12113968 ER PT J AU Lin, LC Ponnappan, R Leland, J AF Lin, LC Ponnappan, R Leland, J TI High performance miniature heat pipe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB High performance miniature heat pipes are developed for the cooling of high heat flux electronics using new capillary structures made of a folded copper sheet fin. Using the folded sheet fin, capillary flow channels with fully and partially opened grooves are made by electric-discharge-machining technique. It is easy to form the capillary grooves as dense as desired through the present fabrication techniques. Heat pipes with two different capillary structures and different fill amounts are tested in the horizontal orientation. Three heating modes of the evaporator are simulated by activating different numbers of chip resistors. The heat pipe with partially opened groove wick performs better than that with fully opened groove wick. The condenser heat transfer coefficient is higher by 120%, or greater in the case of the former wick type compared to the latter at an operating temperature of 110degreesC. Heat fluxes higher than 140 W/cm(2) are achieved using concentrated heating modes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, LC (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 15 BP 3131 EP 3142 AR PII s0017-9310(02)00038-8 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00038-8 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 560CN UT WOS:000176064400007 ER PT J AU Tzou, DY Chen, JK Beraun, JE AF Tzou, DY Chen, JK Beraun, JE TI Hot-electron blast induced by ultrashort-pulsed lasers in layered media SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER METALS; FILMS AB Femtosecond laser heating on metals produces a blasting force in the sub-picosecond domain, which exerts on the metal lattices along with the non-equilibrium heat flow from hot electrons. Such a hot-electron blast depends on both temperature and temperature gradient in the electron gas, resulting in pronounced effects in multi-layered metal films due to discontinuous heat transfer and load transmission across the interface. This work employs the parabolic two-step model to study the effect of the hot-electron blast in multi-layered thin metal films. Dominating physical parameters are identified to characterize the ultrafast heating and deformation across the interface. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Laser Effects Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tzou, DY (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 35 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 16 BP 3369 EP 3382 AR PII S0017-9310(02)00053-4 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00053-4 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 558AG UT WOS:000175941400010 ER PT J AU Baker, WP Palazotto, AN Laird, DJ AF Baker, WP Palazotto, AN Laird, DJ TI Thermal diffusion and associated stress field due to high speed source SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE thermal diffusion; modals; temperature AB This paper presents a simple model of the thermal transport caused by a source moving at high speeds along an infinite half-space. The steady-state solution is obtained and examined to determine the effects of source velocity on the effective thermal penetration depth. The temperature field produced for a particular set of boundary conditions is then expanded to indicate how an abrupt temperature application can create a stress wave response incorporating the relationships included in a well-known hydrocode. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baker, WP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2002)15:3(118) PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 566YL UT WOS:000176455800007 ER PT J AU Khot, NS Zweber, JV Veley, DE Oz, H Eastep, FE AF Khot, NS Zweber, JV Veley, DE Oz, H Eastep, FE TI Flexible composite wing with internal actuation for roll maneuver SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB An optimum composite flexible wing structure is designed to enhance roll maneuver capability at high dynamic pressures, using an embedded actuating system without external control surfaces. A minimum weight design, with constraints on strength for three different flight conditions, on the frequency distribution, and lift effectiveness was used. The elastic twist and camber is achieved by providing a system of actuating elements, distributed within the internal substructure of the wing, to provide control forces. The modal approach is used to develop the dynamic equilibrium equations, which culminate in the steady roll maneuver of a wing subjected to aerodynamic loads and the actuating forces. The distribution of actuating forces to achieve the specified steady roll rate and roll angle of the flexible vehicle within a specified time was determined by using an independent modal-space control design approach. Here, a full-scale realistic wing is considered for the assessment of the strain energy and distribution of actuator forces required to produce the antisymmetric twist and camber deformation to achieve the specified roll performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Khot, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.2514/2.2971 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 582AU UT WOS:000177328200001 ER PT J AU Detwiler, AG Jackson, A AF Detwiler, AG Jackson, A TI Contrail formation and propulsion efficiency SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; MIDWESTERN CLOUD; SUNSHINE; FUELS AB The contrail factor is the ratio of water vapor to enthalpy added by combustion to the exhaust plume from an aircraft engine. It is the key parameter determining the highest temperature at which contrails will form behind a particular engine on a particular aircraft. Cycle calculations are used to estimate contrail factors for a range of flight environments at a range of power settings, for generic low-bypass and high-bypass turbofan gas-turbine engines. It is found that, contrary to assumptions made in current methods of contrail forecasting, the contrail factor is not constant for a given engine type. The contrail factor varies even for the same engine at different power settings and flight conditions. Results are shown for a range of conditions, including flight levels between 25,000 and 50,000 ft in a standard atmosphere, flight Mach numbers ranging from 0.4 to 0.9, and power settings from idle (low) to military (high). The computed contrail factors range from 0.030 to 0.053 g.kg(-10)C(-1) for the low-bypass engine and from 0.038 to 0.090 g.kg(-10)C(-1) for the high-bypass engine. Changes in contrail factor can be roughly related to changes in the threshold environmental temperature for contrail formation by the relationship that a 10% increase in contrail factor results in a 1degreesC higher threshold temperature in a typical upper tropospheric environment for threshold temperatures near -50degreesC. These calculations do not yield precise estimates of contrail factors for specific engines, but demonstrate that contrail factors for a given engine are generally higher at lower power settings at a given Mach number, higher at higher Mach numbers at a given power setting, and higher at higher altitudes in general. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SK 57701, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, VSBL, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Detwiler, AG (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SK 57701, Canada. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.2514/2.2976 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 582AU UT WOS:000177328200014 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Rammerstorfer, FG Plankensteiner, AF AF Buryachenko, VA Rammerstorfer, FG Plankensteiner, AF TI A local theory of elastoplastic deformation of two-phase metal matrix random structure composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; TRANSFORMATION FIELD ANALYSIS; ELASTIC PLASTIC BEHAVIOR; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; CREEP; BOUNDS; MODEL AB A two-phase material is considered, which consists of a homogeneous elastoplastic matrix containing a homogeneous statistically, uniform random set of ellipsoidal inclusions with the same form, orientation, and mechanical properties. The multiparticle effective field method (used in this paper) in the original form assumes constant plastic strains in the matrix. This assumption is replaced by the following micromechanical model: Each inclusion consists of an elastic core and a thin coating. The mechanical properties of both the matrix and the coating are the same but with different plastic strains. Homogeneous plastic strains are assumed inside the matrix and in each of separate subdomains of the coating. A general theory of plasticity is developed for arbitrary loading based on incremental elastoplastic analysis. The consideration of inhomogeneity of plastic strains in the coating enables to obtain some principally new effects of elastoplastic deformation. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Light Weight Struct & Aerosp Engn, Christian Doppler Lab Micromech Mat, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Rammerstorfer, Franz/R-9329-2016 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4 SI SI BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1115/1.1479697 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 570QK UT WOS:000176668800013 ER PT J AU Lee, J AF Lee, J TI Comparison of the two formulations of w-u-v and w-F in nonlinear plate analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB In a moderately large deflection plate theory of von Karman and Chu-Herrmann, one mail consider thin-plate equations of either the transverse and in-plane displacements, w-u-v formulation, or the transverse displacement and Airy function, w-F formulation. Under the Galerkin procedure, we examine if the modal equations of two plate formulations preserve the Hamiltonian property which demands energy conservation in the conservative limit of no damping and forcing. In the w-F formulation, we have shown that modal equations are Hamiltonian for the first,four symmetric modes of a simply-supported plate. In contrast, the corresponding modal equations of w-u-v formulation do not exhibit the Hamiltonian property when a finite number of sine terms are included in the in-plane displacement expansions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4 SI SI BP 547 EP 552 DI 10.1115/1.1458556 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 570QK UT WOS:000176668800020 ER PT J AU Rawdanowicz, TA Iyer, S Mitchel, WC Saxler, A Elhamri, S AF Rawdanowicz, TA Iyer, S Mitchel, WC Saxler, A Elhamri, S TI Electronic properties of heteroepitaxial undoped and n-InSb epilayers using SnTe source by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-TELLURIDE; GROWTH; GAAS; GASB; ANTIMONIDE; LAYERS AB We report on the electrical characteristics of InSb and n-type doping of InSb layers grown on GaAs substrates using a SnTe captive source by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The undoped epilayers are n-type in the temperature range of 10 to 300 K investigated. Doped layer with carrier concentrations ranging from 2x10(16)/cm(3) to 3.2x10(18)/cm(3) with corresponding x-ray full width at half maxima varying from 170-200 arcsec have been achieved. High carrier mobility of 94 098 cm(2)/V s on lightly doped samples has been achieved. These results suggest SnTe source as being one of the donor dopants of choice for MBE grown InSb epilayers. Temperature and magnetic field dependent Hall and resistivity measurements with various multicarrier conduction analysis techniques indicate three conduction channels for undoped InSb and two conduction channels for doped InSb. They have been used successfully to explain the temperature and thickness dependence of the electrical properties of MBE grown undoped and doped InSb epilayers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rawdanowicz, TA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1063/1.1476086 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 564LA UT WOS:000176314800048 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A TI Absolute cross sections for electron impact ionization of NO2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENERGY DISPOSAL; ION; THRESHOLD; EXCITATION; MOLECULES AB Absolute partial cross sections for electron impact ionization of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are determined using Fourier-transform mass spectrometry in the energy range from threshold to 200 eV. Data are presented for the production of the major ionic species, NO2+, NO+, O+, and N+. Ion intensity dependence on the trapping potential is studied for the purpose of probing the kinetic energy of the product ions from the electron impact ionization. O+ and N+ are found to have significant kinetically excited ion populations. The cross-section data are corrected for loss of energetic species from the trap and the results are compared with previous data. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 1 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1063/1.1480867 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 563UT UT WOS:000176275700021 ER PT J AU England, RW Grathwohl, KW Powell, GE AF England, RW Grathwohl, KW Powell, GE TI Constrictive pericarditis presenting as chylous ascites SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Kessler AFB, Dept Cardiol, Biloxi, MS USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP England, RW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 104 EP 105 DI 10.1097/01.MCG.0000017237.77816.62 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 565FL UT WOS:000176358600028 PM 12080242 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Tall, MA Mulloy, JP Leis, HT AF Sanders, TG Tall, MA Mulloy, JP Leis, HT TI Fluid collections in the osseous tunnel during the first year after anterior cruciate ligament repair using an autologous hamstring graft: Natural history and clinical correlation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE knee; knee, MR; ligaments; surgery ID PRETIBIAL CYST FORMATION; RECONSTRUCTION; BONE AB Objective: To determine the natural history of fluid collections that occur within the osseous tunnel after autologous hamstring repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and to cot-relate with clinical outcomes, Methods: Twenty-two patients were imaged within 1 year after autologous hamstring repair of the ACL and evaluated for the presence of fluid collections within the osseous tunnels. Eight patients with fluid collections were then re-evaluated with MRI within 6 to 9 months. Results: Fourteen of 22 (64%) of the initial MRI studies demonstrated fluid collections within one of the osseous tunnels. Eight of these 14 patients were available for follow-up imaging and clinical evaluation. Fluid collections resolved in 7 of the 8 patients, and in a single patient, the size of the fluid collection decreased. No patient developed ganglion formation or tunnel expansion. and all patients were clinically asymptomatic with no evidence of instability. Conclusion: Small fluid collections in the osseous tunnels are a common finding on MRI within the first year after ACL repair with an autologous hamstring graft. The fluid collections usually resolve over time and do not progress to ganglion formation or lead to tunnel expansion. They are not associated with clinical instability. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), MDTS, MTRD, 2200 Bergquist Dr,STE 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1097/01.RCT.0000028233.30636.E8 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 593YJ UT WOS:000178021800025 PM 12218830 ER PT J AU Morton, JL Ma, N Bliss, DF Bryant, GG AF Morton, JL Ma, N Bliss, DF Bryant, GG TI Dopant segregation during liquid-encapsulated Czochralski crystal growth in a steady axial magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; mass transfer; segregation; growth from melt; liquid-encapsulated Czochralski method; magnetic field assisted Czochralski method; semiconducting III-V compounds ID DAMPED BUOYANT CONVECTION; SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALS; MASS-TRANSPORT; HEAT-TRANSFER; MELT MOTION; PHOSPHIDE; MODELS AB During the magnetically stabilized liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (MLEC) process, a single compound semiconductor crystal such as indium-phosphide (InP) or gallium-antimonide (Gash) is grown by the solidification of an initially molten semiconductor (melt) contained in a crucible. The motion of the electrically conducting molten semiconductor can be controlled with an externally applied magnetic field. This paper presents a model for the unsteady transport of a dopant during the MLEC process with a steady axial magnetic field. The convective species transport during growth is driven by the melt motion, which produces segregation, i.e. non-uniformities in the dopant concentration, in both the melt and the crystal. This convective transport is significant even for a magnetic field strength of 2T. Except for the last-solidified part of the crystal, the crystal's axial dopant homogeneity, i.e. uniformity in the dopant concentration, improves as the magnetic field strength is decreased. Dopant distributions in the crystal and in the melt at several different stages during growth are presented for several magnetic field strengths. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ma, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nancy_ma@ncsu.edu NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL PY 2002 VL 242 IS 3-4 BP 471 EP 485 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01425-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01425-2 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 574DN UT WOS:000176873300027 ER PT J AU Roy, UN Cui, Y Barnett, C Chen, KT Burger, A Goldstein, JT AF Roy, UN Cui, Y Barnett, C Chen, KT Burger, A Goldstein, JT TI Growth of undoped and chromium-doped CdSxSe(1-x) crystals by the physical vapor transport method SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th US Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 03-05, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directirate, USA SMDC, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, USN Electro-Opt Ctr, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE Cr2+: CdSSe; tunable mid-IR solid-state lasers; physical vapor transport; photoluminescence ID LASER; CDSE AB Chromium-doped CdSe is one of the host materials being considered for solid-state tunable mid-infrared (IR) lasers. Alloying CdSe with CdS allows the increase of the thermal conductivity of the crystal (for CdS the thermal conductivity is a factor of 4 larger than CdSe), which is a favorable parameter as a laser host. In this study, we have grown CdSxSe1-x (x congruent to 0.8) single crystals by the physical vapor transport (PVT) method. Crystals with dimensions of 1.2 cm in diameter and 5 cm in length, free of precipitates and inclusions, have been grown. Chromium ions were diffused into the crystal by a postgrowth-diffusion technique at 900degreesC. Incorporation of Cr ion gives rise to a broad absorption peak at 1.87 mum. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, UN (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 31 IS 7 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0237-x PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 574YB UT WOS:000176917000025 ER PT J AU Davis, M Baker, W Power, G Beale, D AF Davis, M Baker, W Power, G Beale, D TI A proposal for integration of wind tunnel and engine test programs for the evaluation of airframe-propulsion compatibility using numerical simulations SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 07-10, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA AB The current high-performance aircraft development programs and the trends in research and development activities suggest a rapidly increasing level of aircraft subsystem integration, particularly between the airframe/inlet and the propulsion system. Traditionally these subsystems have been designed, analyzed, and tested as isolated systems. The interaction between the subsystems is modeled primarily through evaluating inlet distortion in an inlet test and simulating this distortion in engine tests via screens or similar devices. In the current paper, an overview of current techniques for inlet performance and distortion characterization and engine distortion testing is presented. A review of the current state of the art in inlet analysis is also presented along with a discussion of current engine analysis techniques, from a semi-empirical approach to high-fidelity full Navier-Stokes simulations. Finally a proposal to coordinate the existing test techniques and analysis Capabilities to provide a truly integrated inlet-engine test and evaluation capability is outlined. C1 Severdrup Technol Inc, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), Severdrup Technol Inc, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1115/1.1391279 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 568CP UT WOS:000176525100002 ER PT J AU Wilkins, T Brewster, A Lammers, J AF Wilkins, T Brewster, A Lammers, J TI Comparison of thin versus standard esophagogastroduodenoscopy SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE endoscopy, gastrointestinal; randomized controlled trials; conscious sedation ID UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY; CONVENTIONAL EGD; TRANSNASAL ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; TOLERANCE; ULTRATHIN; GASTROSCOPY; FEASIBILITY; SEDATION; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE To compare the tolerance, feasibility, and safety of ultrathin esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in unsedated patients with conventional EGD in sedated patients. STUDY DESIGN This was an unblinded, randomized controlled trial. POPULATION Diagnostic EGD was performed on 72 adult outpatients at a US Air Force community hospital residency. Patients were randomized to either ultrathin or conventional EGD (n = 33 and 39, respectively). OUTCOMES MEASURED Patients reported their tolerance of the procedure (pain, choking, gagging, and anxiety, scale 0-10), and the endoscopist reported the effectiveness of the procedure (successful intubation, reaching duodenum, retroflexion, and duration of examination and recovery) and safety (complications). RESULTS No statistically significant difference was noted between the 2 groups in mean procedure time or pain during the procedure. Mean ( standard error) recovery time was approximately halved in the ultrathin group vs the conventional group (21.5 +/- 2.3 min vs 55.4 +/- 2.3 min, P <.0001). Although patients undergoing ultrathin EGD had higher mean gagging and choking scores, they had lower mean anxiety scores. Of 33 patients randomized to the unsedated ultrathin EGD procedure, 29 completed the protocol. The retroflexion maneuver was completed in 85% of patients in the ultrathin EGD group and 100% of patients in the conventional EGD group (P =.017). No statistically significant difference was noted between groups as to the likelihood of reaching the second portion of the duodenum (97% vs 100%). CONCLUSIONS Most patients tolerate ultrathin EGD with significantly shorter recovery time and less overall anxiety than with the conventioanl procedure. Techniques to reduce gagging and choking associated with ultrathin EGD may improve patient acceptance and tolerability. Adoption of ultrathin EGD by primary care physicians may decrease cost, time, and inconvenience while increasing access to EGD for many patients. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Family Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Malcom Grow Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Andrews AFB, MD 20331 USA. RP Wilkins, T (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Family Med, HB 4000, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RI Wilkins, Thad/G-2541-2010 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 51 IS 7 BP 625 EP 629 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 570XT UT WOS:000176686300009 PM 12160501 ER PT J AU Chun, FK Knipp, DJ McHarg, MG Lacey, JR Lu, G Emery, BA AF Chun, FK Knipp, DJ McHarg, MG Lacey, JR Lu, G Emery, BA TI Joule heating patterns as a function of polar cap index SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Joule heating; particle heating; ionosphere; polar cap index; Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) ID ELECTRIC-FIELD VARIABILITY; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; ENERGY DEPOSITION; NEUTRAL WINDS; THERMOSPHERE; AE; AL; MAGNETOSPHERE; LATITUDES AB [1] Previous work by Chun et al. [1999] has shown that the polar cap (PC) index can be used as a proxy indicator of the integrated Joule heating rate in the Northern Hemisphere. However, knowledge of the spatial distribution of Joule heating is also important. The PC index is a single magnetometer station-derived index which measures the level of geomagnetic activity in the polar cap. A negative PC index corresponds to a condition related to lobe-merging convection conditions in the polar cap, near-zero PC indicates a quiet polar cap, and a positive PC indicates geomagnetically active periods. In this study we developed average patterns of Joule heating as a function of PC using 56 days (similar to12,800 individual patterns) of Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics data from various case studies. With PC ranging from -3 to 8, we divide the Joule heating patterns into PC bins of 1.0, finding that there is a clear spatial evolution of Joule heating from negative PC to positive PC. When PC is negative, Joule heating on average is constrained to the high-latitude dayside. As PC goes to zero, Joule heating disappears. When PC increases in the positive direction, Joule heating intensifies throughout the auroral oval, with primary heating occurring along the dawn/dusk flanks. Further analysis reveals that it is primarily changes in the electric potential and not the Pedersen conductance that accounts for Joule heating shifting from the auroral zone to the high-latitude dayside when PC goes negative. We also find that the cross polar cap potential is linearly proportional to the PC index, consistent with previous studies. Finally, we compare the hemispheric energy budget between Joule heating and electron particle energy. We find that globally, Joule heating is roughly 4 times that of particle energy during geomagnetically active times (positive PC). During quiet times (zero PC), Joule heating and particle energy are equal contributors. When lobe-merging conditions occur (negative PC), Joule heating again dominates over particle energy except during the winter season, when polar cap conductivity is driven more by particle precipitation. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Chun, FK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 107 IS A7 AR 1119 DI 10.1029/2001JA000246 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 610VQ UT WOS:000178982500031 ER PT J AU Liebst, BS Chapa, MJ Leggett, DB AF Liebst, BS Chapa, MJ Leggett, DB TI Nonlinear prefilter to prevent pilot-induced oscillations due to actuator rate limiting SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID RATE-SATURATING ACTUATORS; DESIGN AB For most modern recorded pilot-induced oscillations (PIOs), for example, YF-22, the flight records show that actuator rate limiting occurred. The root causes of PIOs in which actuator rate limiting occurs are demonstrated through simulations, and then a newly developed nonlinear rate limiter prefilter (RLPF) and a software rate limit (SWRL) filter are shown to be useful in preventing the PIO. Motion base simulator and flight-test results show that the RLPF/SWRL filter is successful in preventing departure and/or PIO. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Air Vehicles Directorate, Control Theory Optimazat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liebst, BS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 740 EP 747 DI 10.2514/2.4941 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 571WP UT WOS:000176742400016 ER PT J AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, WE TI Relative satellite motion about an oblate planet SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB A solution to the relative motion problem for satellites is constructed that is based on nearly circular reference periodic orbits and Floquet theory for the relative motion. This solution conceptually resembles the Clohessy-Wiltshire solution for relative motion, but includes all zonal harmonics of the Earth's gravitational field. Accuracy of this solution is at least three orders of magnitude better than the Clohessy-Wiltshire solution, We treat the effect of second-order displacements from the periodic solution via a semi-analytic perturbation theory. The effects of sectoral and tesseral gravity terms, as well as air drag, make their appearance as a particular solution to the linear Floquet problem. Comparisons are made between numerical integrations in the inertial frame and predictions from the periodic orbit/Floquet/modal perturbation theory, including all gravitational harmonics through order 14, as well as air drag. Submeter-10-m accuracy is achieved for representative clusters in a 1.1 Earth radii, one radian inclination orbit, over one half-day. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 776 EP 785 DI 10.2514/2.4946 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 571WP UT WOS:000176742400020 ER PT J AU Millis, BJ AF Millis, BJ TI Making the most of college: Students speak their minds SO JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Millis, BJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OHIO STATE UNIV PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 1050 CARMACK RD, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0022-1546 J9 J HIGH EDUC JI J. High. Educ. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 73 IS 4 BP 545 EP 547 DI 10.1353/jhe.2002.0041 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 568TA UT WOS:000176558400006 ER PT J AU Neiberg, MS AF Neiberg, MS TI War, past, present and future SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, MS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 833 EP 834 DI 10.2307/3093363 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 568CC UT WOS:000176524000009 ER PT J AU Peifer, DC AF Peifer, DC TI Soldiers as citizens: Former Wehrmacht officers in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945-1955 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Air Command Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Peifer, DC (reprint author), US Air Command Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 914 EP 916 DI 10.2307/3093433 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 568CC UT WOS:000176524000079 ER PT J AU Whitman, JM AF Whitman, JM TI Pregnancy, low back pain, and manual physical therapy interventions SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; PELVIC PAIN; PHYSIOTHERAPY; MANIPULATION; EXERCISES; WOMEN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Whitman, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7 BP 314 EP 317 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 569PG UT WOS:000176610500001 PM 12113465 ER PT J AU Bromaghim, DR LeDuc, JR Salasovich, RM Spanjers, GG Fife, JM Dulligan, MJ Schilling, JH White, DC Johnson, LK AF Bromaghim, DR LeDuc, JR Salasovich, RM Spanjers, GG Fife, JM Dulligan, MJ Schilling, JH White, DC Johnson, LK TI Review of the Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) program SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Electric Propulsion Space Experiment was launched and successfully operated on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite, demonstrating the compatibility and readiness of high-power electric propulsion. This flight was the culmination of an Air Force technology program to demonstrate the applicability of high-power electric propulsion for satellite applications. A brief history of the program is presented, followed by a description of the flight operations, which successfully demonstrated the critical system components, the arcjet, power processor, and propellant feed system, verifying the interoperability of high-power electric propulsion with satellite operations. The two anomalies experienced during on-orbit operations, and their proposed causes, are also described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, PRSS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Sparta Syst Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Bromaghim, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, PRSS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.2514/2.6009 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100002 ER PT J AU Fife, JM Bromaghim, DR Chart, DA Hoskins, WA Vaughan, CE Johnson, LK AF Fife, JM Bromaghim, DR Chart, DA Hoskins, WA Vaughan, CE Johnson, LK TI Orbital performance measurements of Air Force Electric Propulsion Space Experiment ammonia arcjet SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB During the Electric Propulsion Space Experiment mission eight firings of the 26-kW ammonia arcjet were performed. Data from onboard systems, including an accelerometer and global positioning system unit, are used to determine thruster performance. In addition, ground-based tracking is used to determine velocity change during these firings. The mean values of thrust, specific impulse, and thrust efficiency are estimated to be 1.93 +/- 0.06 N, 786.2 +/- 43.0 s, and 0.267 +/- 0.021, respectively. This measured performance is lower than expected based on ground test. The most likely cause of this discrepancy is error in onboard measurement of discharge power due to a 6% drift in the power processing unit current shunt. At the corrected power, performance falls within the expected envelope. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Gen Dynam Inc, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Detachment 12, Space Vehicle Operat, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Gen Dynam Inc, Space Prop Syst, Syst & Technol Dev, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Prop Space Expt, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Fife, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, 1 Ara Rd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.2514/2.6028 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100005 ER PT J AU Dulligan, MJ Bromaghim, DR Zimmerman, JA Salasovich, RM Hardesty, D Johnson, LK AF Dulligan, MJ Bromaghim, DR Zimmerman, JA Salasovich, RM Hardesty, D Johnson, LK TI Effect of ESEX 26-kW arcjet operation on spacecraft communications SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Tests designed to observe the electromagnetic compatibility of the Electric Propulsion Space Experiment 26-kW ammonia arcjet on normal spacecraft communications and operations showed no conclusive adverse effect. Two onboard antennas sensitive to the 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-GHz frequencies detected no increase in signal amplitude clearly identifiable with arcjet operation. Analysis of the bit-error-rate test data revealed no obvious correlation between arcjet operation and the observed increases in bit-error rate. Finally, a series of qualitative observations consistently indicated the benign nature of arcjet operation on normal spacecraft events. For example, commands uplinked without abnormal rejection rate and telemetry downlinked successfully during arcjet operation. C1 ERC Inc, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, ESEX Project, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Lockheed Martin Tech Operat, Dublin, CA 94568 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Prop Space Expt, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Dulligan, MJ (reprint author), ERC Inc, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 754 EP 762 DI 10.2514/2.6029 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100006 ER PT J AU Johnson, LK Spanjers, GG Bromaghim, DR Dulligan, MW Hoskins, WA AF Johnson, LK Spanjers, GG Bromaghim, DR Dulligan, MW Hoskins, WA TI On-orbit optical observations of Electric Propulsion Space Experiment 26-kilowatt arcjet SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB During the course of eight flight firings of the ESEX 26-kW arcjet in March and April 1999, optical observations from onboard and ground-based sensors were obtained. Images of the thruster plume at 656 nm confirm expectations that the plume luminescence in,the space environment is more compact than that from a thruster operated in the laboratory at higher background pressure. Observations using a ground-based telescope reveal blackbody and line emission spectrum over the range 325-675 nm. The spectral features are consistent with ground tests. Line ratios observed in flight show a moderately higher degree of excitation than ground tests, which is consistent both with the higher specific power and the less collisional plume expansion of the flight test compared to ground tests. C1 Aerosp Corp, Elect Prop Space Expt, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Gen Dynam Corp, Ordnance & Tact Syst, Redmond, WA 98073 USA. RP Johnson, LK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Thermal & Prop Engn Dept, Mail Stop 125-109,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 763 EP 767 DI 10.2514/2.6030 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100007 ER PT J AU Schilling, JH Spanjers, GG Bromaghim, DR Johnson, LK AF Schilling, JH Spanjers, GG Bromaghim, DR Johnson, LK TI Solar cell degradation during the 26-kilowatt Electric Propulsion Space Experiment flight SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) was launched and operated in early 1999 to demonstrate the compatibility and readiness of a 30-kW class ammonia arcjet for satellite propulsion applications. As part of this flight, an array of onboard contamination sensors assessed the effects of the arcjet on the spacecraft. The sensors consisted of microbalances to measure material deposition, radiometers to assess material degradation due to thermal radiation, and solar cell segments to investigate solar array degradation. During firings, the solar cell segments showed decreasing open-circuit voltages, probably due to additional electrical load imposed by currents through the plume plasma. Over eight firings of the ESEX arcjet, and 33-min, 44-s operating time, the solar cells exhibited a 3% decrease in short-circuit current, attributable to decreased solar transmission of the cover glass. The spacecraft's main solar arrays, however, exhibited no degradation in performance. Contamination affected only the solar cell sensor segments placed near the thruster exhaust nozzle. In the backplane of the thruster, where the main arrays are located, no deleterious effects occurred, indicating that although engineering measures may be required for equipment in the immediate vicinity of the thruster, the arcjet environment is generally benign. C1 Sparta Syst Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, Prop Directorate,PRRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Prop Space Expt, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Schilling, JH (reprint author), WE Res LLC, WE Res, 4360 San Juan Court, Rosamond, CA 93560 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 768 EP 771 DI 10.2514/2.6031 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100008 ER PT J AU Spanjers, GG Schilling, JH Engelman, SF Bromaghim, DR Johnson, LK AF Spanjers, GG Schilling, JH Engelman, SF Bromaghim, DR Johnson, LK TI Mass deposition measurements from 26-kilowatt Electric Propulsion Space Experiment flight SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) was launched and operated in early 1999 to demonstrate the compatibility and readiness of a 30-kW class ammonia arcjet for satellite propulsion applications. As part of the onboard sensor array, thermoelectric quartz crystal microbalances were used to measure material deposition at selected locations on the spacecraft surface. The sensors were held at a temperature that would allow them to condense metallic materials eroded from the electrodes, but that are insensitive to possible deposition of the propellant gas. The ESEX arcjet was fired eight times, constituting 33 min and 26 s of operating time. No material deposition was observed that could be attributed to nominal the arcjet firings, although during the first firing, significant deposition was observed near the arcjet nozzle. This deposition is attributed to contaminants within the arcjet body, collected during handling and storage, which were ejected during the first firing. For future programs, although engineering measures may be needed to protect spacecraft equipment in the immediate vicinity of the thruster body, the arcjet environment causes negligible deposition of electrode material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, Prop Directorate,PRSS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Sparta Syst Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Prop Space Expt, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Spanjers, GG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, Prop Directorate,PRSS, 1 Ara Rd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 772 EP 776 DI 10.2514/2.6032 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100009 ER PT J AU Spanjers, GG Schilling, JH Bromaghim, DR Johnson, LK AF Spanjers, GG Schilling, JH Bromaghim, DR Johnson, LK TI Radiometric analysis from the 26-kilowatt Electric Propulsion Space Experiment flight SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) was launched and operated in early 1999 to demonstrate the compatibility and readiness of a 30-kW class ammonia arcjet for satellite propulsion applications. As part of this flight, an array of onboard contamination sensors was used to assess the effect of the arcjet and other environments on the spacecraft. The sensors consisted of microbalances to measure material deposition, radiometers to assess material degradation due to thermal radiation or contamination, and solar cell segments to investigate solar array degradation. Over eight firings of the ESEX arcjet, and 33 min, 26 s operating time, the radiometer near the thruster, viewing the arcjet plume and body, experiences a change in the thermal properties of its coating from the firings. Radiometers with no view of the arcjet, or a view of only the plume, show no change. In general, degradation effects are observed only on sensors near the thruster exhaust nozzle, a location unlikely to be used in an operational high-power electric propulsion system. No degradation effects are observed in the backplane of the thruster. For future programs, although engineering measures may be needed for spacecraft equipment in the immediate vicinity of the thruster body, the arcjet environment is generally benign. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, Prop Directorate,PRSS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Sparta Syst Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Prop Space Expt, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Spanjers, GG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Space Expt Program, Prop Directorate,PRSS, 1 Ara Rd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.2514/2.5999 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100010 ER PT J AU Ketsdever, AD AF Ketsdever, AD TI Facility effects on performance measurements of micropropulsion systems that utilize gas expansion SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Facilities can affect the measurement of spacecraft propulsion system performance in a variety of ways. In this study an underexpanded freejet is used to simulate experimentally a micropropulsion system such as those that operate on the expansion of propellant gases through nozzle geometries. Facility effects on the thrust measured by a torsion thrust stand installed in two facilities with distinctly different characteristics have been quantified over a steady-state thrust range from 10 to 480 muN. The two facilities varied in dimension and pumping capacity with background pressures ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-4) torr. In both facilities the measured thrust decreased with increasing facility background pressure. At a thrust level of 10 muN, the thrust decreased by approximately 20% at a facility background pressure of 2 X 10(-4) torr relative to the thrust measured at 2 x 10(-6) torr; however, a similar background pressure only resulted in a 4% reduction in thrust at 120 muN. The larger percent decrease in measured thrust for a given background pressure in the low thrust range has implications for the design of micropropulsion test facilities. The facility background pressure effect contributes to less than 2% error for the thrust range from 10 to 480 muN at background pressures less than 10(-5) torr, suggesting that low background pressures are necessary for accurate thrust measurements below 500 muN. An empirical formulation based on background-plume penetration theory provides estimates of the thrust degradation as a function of facility background pressure. The empirical model fits the experimental data reasonably well for jet centerline values of the background gas radius of penetration into the freejet plume. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ketsdever, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.2514/2.6002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100013 ER PT J AU Sondergaard, R Rivir, RB Bons, JP AF Sondergaard, R Rivir, RB Bons, JP TI Control of low-pressure turbine separation using vortex-generator jets SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER AB The application of vortex-generator jets to control separation on the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine blade is reported. Blade Reynolds numbers in the experimental, linear turbine cascade match those for high-altitude operation of many aircraft gas-turbine engines, as well as the last stages of industrial ground-based gas turbines. Results are presented for steady blowing at jet blowing ratios from zero to four and at several chordwise positions and two freestream turbulence levels. Findings show that above a minimum blowing ratio, which is dependant on the injection location, the pressure loss in the modified blade's wake is reduced by a factor of between two and three. Boundary-layer traverses show that separation is almost completely eliminated with the application of blowing. No significant deleterious effects of vortex-generator jets are observed at higher (nonseparating) Reynolds numbers. The addition-of 4% freestream turbulence to the cascade freestream lowers the separation Reynolds number of the turbine blade studied, but does not eliminate the effectiveness of the control technique. The vortex-generator jet control strategy is demonstrated to be a viable technique for low-pressure turbine separation control. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sondergaard, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Turbine Engine Div, Propuls Directorate Bldg 18,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Bons, Jeffrey/N-9854-2014 NR 7 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 889 EP 895 DI 10.2514/2.6014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100024 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH Mattingly, JD AF Heiser, WH Mattingly, JD TI Comment on "Equation for additive drag coefficient at static conditions" SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Seattle Univ, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 967 EP 967 DI 10.2514/2.6025 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 575EQ UT WOS:000176934100034 ER PT J AU True, DG Penmetcha, M Peckham, SJ AF True, DG Penmetcha, M Peckham, SJ TI Disseminated cryptococcal infection in rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate and infliximab SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DOSE METHOTREXATE; NEOFORMANS RP True, DG (reprint author), MMIR, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1561 EP 1563 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 571YD UT WOS:000176746000037 PM 12136922 ER PT J AU Pochet, LM Linderman, ML Drager, SL Kohler, RL AF Pochet, LM Linderman, ML Drager, SL Kohler, RL TI Field-programmable gate-array-based graph coloring accelerator SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Military and Aerospace Programmable Logic Devices International conference CY 2000 CL JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, Natl Secur Agcy, AIAA, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc HO JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV AB A hardware methodology is described for implementing a graph coloring for the Latin squares problem that is compatible with more course grain approaches routinely implemented in software. The approach described maximizes the use of local communication and fine-grained parallelism while still ensuring a complete search of the solution domain.. An implementation of a graph coloring architecture using field-programmable gate arrays and high-level programming tools is presented. An exploration or the tradeoff among nodes per processor, fill depth, and latency is presented. The use of this hardware-based graph coloring accelerator architecture to the more efficient implementation of routing for wave division multiplexing fiber optic communications systems and multihop radio communications is also discussed. C1 USAF, Informat Directorate, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. USAF, Informat Directorate, Radio Frequency Sensor Technol Div, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. USAF, Informat Directorate, Informat Syst Div, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Pochet, LM (reprint author), USAF, Informat Directorate, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Louis.Pochet@rl.af.mil; Mark.Linderman@rl.af.mil; Steven.Drager@rl.af.mil; Ralph.Kohler@rl.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.2514/2.3852 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 584RA UT WOS:000177480800002 ER PT J AU Lyke, JC Brezna, PA Avery, K AF Lyke, JC Brezna, PA Avery, K TI Advances in data handling systems for space experiment control SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Military and Aerospace Programmable Logic Devices International conference CY 2000 CL JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP NASA, Natl Secur Agcy, AIAA, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc HO JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV AB The Space Vehicles Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory developed a small satellite payload package containing an ensemble of microelectronics subexperiments, which was integrated and launched on the Space Test Research Vehicle-1d satellite. The scientific payload consists of an electronics testbed, nine subexperiments, and a data handling system that in turn interfaces with the spacecraft onboard computer. The hardware and software architectures are described, and future extensions of the data handling system concept are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Elect & Protect Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Lyke, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Elect & Protect Branch, AFRL-VSSE,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.2514/2.3859 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 584RA UT WOS:000177480800003 ER PT J AU Lyke, JC Donohoe, GW Karna, SP AF Lyke, JC Donohoe, GW Karna, SP TI Cellular automata-based reconfigurable systems as transitional approach to gigascale electronic architectures SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Military and Aerospace Programmable Logic Devices International conference CY 2000 CL JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, Natl Secur Agcy, AIAA, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc HO JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV ID NANOWIRE BUILDING-BLOCKS; LOGIC GATES; COMPUTATION AB Research in molecular electronics has but one motivation: to continue scaling electronic device densities along the Moore's law curve to the year 2050 or beyond. The result will be staggering, continuing to transform our lives as has the current evolution of microelectronics since their inception in the late 1950s. Designers of molecular computers will also undergo transformations in the way they design digital processing architectures, due to new constraints in what may be the most aggressive fabrication technologies ever conceived. It becomes necessary to increase focus on the pursuit of basic feasibility of a gigascale architecture so that tenant design, test, and implementation issues can be forecast and researched. Our work has led to the development of an architectural media for molecular computation. A cellular automata-inspired template forms the basis of a one billion gate (gigascale) testbed, which involves the use of three-dimensional, paper-thin, ultrahigh-density multichip modules to assemble a reconfigurable design that is scalable an additional billionfold, consistent with the density projections of three-dimensional circuits based on molecular electronic devices. The periodic nature of the architecture not only addresses significant constraints in molecular-scale systems design, but can make this demonstration tractable because the reconfigurability can be exploited for self-test and defect tolerance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Elect & Protect Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyke, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Elect & Protect Branch, AFRL-VSSE,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.2514/2.3860 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 584RA UT WOS:000177480800004 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Pinney, M Blake, WB AF Josyula, E Pinney, M Blake, WB TI Applications of a counterflow drag reduction technique in high-speed systems SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 19th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA ID SIMULATION; FLOWS AB Potential applications of a counterflow drag-reduction technique were investigated to assess performance improvements on aerospace vehicles. The motivation for this study was the 30-50% drag reduction achieved by counterflow blowing experiments on hemispherical cylinders at Mach 4 and higher. Exploratory studies indicate that drag improvements by counterflow drag reduction on hemispherical bodies cannot match those of aerodynamically shaped sharp-nosed bodies. Hence, the approach taken in the present study is that for hypersonic Mach numbers: if the nose shape is required to be blunt for considerations other than drag, counterflow blowing can be effective in improving the performance of the system. Although for generic body shapes counterflow blowing is most effective for blunt-nosed bodies, when applied to actual systems, many other factors need to be considered, such as available internal volume and extreme compressed carriage requirements. Depending on the vehicle speed and nose shape, estimated drag reductions of 15-30% were applied to predict the overall performance gains on Space Operations Vehicle, Gun-Launched Rocket, and Pegasus XL configurations. Potential savings in propellant and improvements in burnout velocity and range are reported. For launch systems with high fuel fraction, the payoff with counterflow drag reduction is marginal as the overall effects of aerodynamic drag on performance are small in the upper atmosphere. For the lower fuel fraction vehicle, the Gun Launched Rocket, a range improvement of 7% was achieved for a drag reduction of 30% with 0.3 blunting of nose flying above Mach 3; with greater blunting, however, the volume of fuel cannot compensate for the increase in drag. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Integrat & Demonstrat Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory Optimizat Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.2514/2.3850 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 584RA UT WOS:000177480800018 ER PT J AU Noah, DL Noah, DL Crowder, HR AF Noah, DL Noah, DL Crowder, HR TI Biological terrorism against animals and humans: a brief review and primer for action SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Off AF Surgeon Gen Headquarters, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Noah, DL (reprint author), 20707 N 110th Ave, Sun City, AZ 85373 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 221 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.221.40 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 567NK UT WOS:000176490700025 PM 12420822 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Fitz, TA Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Fitz, TA Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS TI Nanocomposite tribological coatings with "chameleon" surface adaptation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUVSTA 15th International Congress/AVS 48th International Symposium/11th International Conference on Solid Surfaces CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IUVSTA, AVS ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; MOS2 THIN-FILMS; SLIDING WEAR; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; HARD; PERFORMANCE; MULTILAYER; FRICTION AB Nanocomposite tribological coatings were designed to respond to changing environmental conditions by self-adjustment of their surface properties to maintain good tribological performance in any environment. These smart coatings have been dubbed "chameleon" because, analogous to a chameleon changing its skin color to avoid predators, the coating changes its "skin" chemistry and structure to avoid wear. The concept was originally developed using WC, diamondlike carbon, and WS2 material combination for adaptation to a humid/dry environment cycling. In order to address temperature variation, nanocomposite coatings made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in a gold matrix were developed with encapsulated nanosized reservoirs of MoS2 and diamondlike carbon (DLC). Coatings were produced using a combination of laser ablation and magnetron sputtering. They were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Results were correlated with mechanical and tribological characterization. Coating hardness was evaluated using nanoindentation, while coating adhesion and toughness were estimated using scratch and Vickers indentation tests. Friction and wear endurance measurements of YSZ/Au/MoS2/DLC coatings against steel and Si3N4 balls were performed at room temperature in controlled humidity air, dry nitrogen, and vacuum environments, as well as at 500 degreesC in air. Depending on the environment, coating friction surface changed its chemistry and structure between (i) graphitic carbon for sliding in humid air [coating friction coefficients (c.o.f. 0.10-0.15)], (ii) hexagonal MoS2 for sliding in dry N-2 and vacuum (c.o.f. 0.02-0.05), and (iii) metallic An for sliding in air at 500 degreesC (c.o.f. 0.10-0.20). The unique coating skin adaptation realized with YSZ/Au/MoS2/DLC and WC/ DLC/WS composites proves a universal applicability of the chameleon design concept. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mi1 RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 52 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 6 U2 45 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1434 EP 1444 DI 10.1116/1.1487875 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 574WL UT WOS:000176912500041 ER PT J AU McNeil, JD Chiou, MC Gunlock, MG Grayson, DE Soares, G Hagino, RT AF McNeil, JD Chiou, MC Gunlock, MG Grayson, DE Soares, G Hagino, RT TI Successful endovascular therapy of a penetrating zone III internal carotid injury SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARTERY; STENT; PSEUDOANEURYSM; BYPASS; COILS AB Penetrating injuries to the internal carotid artery in zone III of the neck can be a significant challenge to the operating surgeon. Direct surgical exposure and repair of the internal carotid artery at the skull base can be extremely difficult, and surgical options for treatment of a pseuedoaneurysm at this location are limited. We present a case of an 18-year-old man who sustained a single gunshot wound to the distal cervical internal carotid artery that led to a pseudoaneurysm managed with endovascular exclusion. Recent literature on the surgical and endovascular management of distal carotid injuries is reviewed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chiou, MC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 59th MDW MCSG,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1067/mva.2002.125020 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 573AT UT WOS:000176807700031 PM 12096279 ER PT J AU Kessler, C Kim, J AF Kessler, C Kim, J TI Vibration analysis of rotors utilizing implicit directional information of complex variable descriptions SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; ROTATING MACHINERY AB A complex variable description of planar motion incorporales directivity as inherent information which is therefore very convenient in vibration analysis of rotors. This paper proposes to use the directional information explicitly when the equation of motion of a rotor is formulated in complex variables. It is shown that the free vibration solution to the equation of motion formulated as such can be defined as the directional natural mode because it describes not only the shape and frequency but also the direction of the five vibration response. The directional frequency response functions (dFRFs) that have been used recently are obtained is the solution to the forced vibration solution to the equation of motion. Symmetric mid anti-symmetric motions of a geometrically symmetric rigid rotor are used as examples to explain these concepts and their practical significances. The proposed approach allows clear understanding and definitions of some unique characteristics of rotor vibrations, such as the forward and backward modes, and forward and backward critical speeds, which have been often used in confusing or incorrect ways. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Struct Dynam Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1115/1.1467649 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 569GH UT WOS:000176592600003 ER PT J AU Erwin, RS Schrader, K Moser, RL Griffin, SF AF Erwin, RS Schrader, K Moser, RL Griffin, SF TI Experimental demonstration of precision control of a deployable optics structure SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SPACE AB This paper presents the development, design, and implementation of a precision control system for a large, sparse-aperture space-deployable telescope testbed. Aspects of the testbed and laboratory environment relevant to nanometer-level control and performance objectives are provided. There are four main objectives of the control system: 1) reduction of natural resonances of the supporting structure, 2) rejection of tonal disturbances, 3) tip, tilt, and piston set-point tracking for optical surfaces, and 4) reduction in settling time of optical surfaces after an impulsive slew-type disturbance. The development of a three-input, three-output, high-bandwidth structural control system for the testbed is presented, and experimental data demonstrating that all objectives were attained is provided. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results and a description of research issues remaining to be addressed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Erwin, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.1115/1.1473830 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 569GH UT WOS:000176592600015 ER PT J AU Vukelich, S Berkley, S Russ, S Bradley, EF AF Vukelich, S Berkley, S Russ, S Bradley, EF TI Residual stress measurement and its application to achieve predicted full life potential of low cycle fatigue limited engine disks SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE residual stress; life prediction; nondestructive testing equipment; life extension AB Many of the engine families owned by the US Air Force have disks that are projected to not reach their low cycle fatigue design lives, Recent data suggest a relationship between residual compressive stress and remaining disk low cycle fatigue life. However, there has been no practical nondestructive way to determine whether a disk is about to crack or if a new disk was adequately and uniformly shot peened. The occasional disk at risk due to low residual stress can be identified using X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement techniques and retired, The measurement and tracking of residual stress of each disk and rotor stage in an engine population shou's potential for identifying those disks at risk of initiating a crack, thereby extending the use of the remaining population to reach their full life potential. Paramount to this philosophy is that a threshold residual stress value exists below which the component is at risk. This threshold must be identified for each part configuration and application, fit addition, residual stress mapping can be used to validate finite element analysis of critical local stress locations that tire subjected to plastic strain and subsequent low cycle fatigue damage. It is recommended that residual stress of individual disk be measured and tracked in an effort to identify the residual stress threshold for crack initiation and that these data be included as part of a more comprehensive part tracking database. The US Air Force has supported development of this technology through Small Business Innovative Research programs and additional opportunistic tasks with Fatigue Management Associates over the past five years (Berkley, 1996; Coate 1999). Products of these contracts arc presented and discussed. C1 USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Lead Adv Engine Projects Integrated Prod Team, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Fatigue Management Associates, Jupiter, FL 33477 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vukelich, S (reprint author), USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Lead Adv Engine Projects Integrated Prod Team, 2145 Monahan Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 60 IS 7 BP 884 EP 889 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 570FL UT WOS:000176648200014 ER PT J AU Ren, WJ Nicholas, T AF Ren, WJ Nicholas, T TI Effects and mechanisms of low cycle fatigue and plastic deformation on subsequent high cycle fatigue limit in nickel-base superalloy Udimet 720 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE high cycle fatigue; low cycle fatigue; plastic deformation; Ni-base superalloy; life prediction AB The effects and mechanisms of low cycle fatigue (LCF) on subsequent high cycle fatigue (HCF) limit were investigated in nickel-base superalloy Udimet 720 at room temperature at a stress ratio of 0.1 and frequencies of 1 and 25 Hz for LCF and HCF, respectively. The HCF limits were determined after various fractions of LCF life consumption. Results show that small fractions of LCF life consumption significantly reduce the subsequent HCF limit, and the reduction is attributed to a combination of LCF damage and the plastic deformation induced during the LCF process, Microstructural characterization indicates that both LCF and plastic deformation reduce the HCF limit by activating the slip systems in the FCC structure of the material, creating favorable sites for easy subsequent HCF damage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 332 IS 1-2 BP 236 EP 248 AR PII S0921-5093(01)0174207 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01742-7 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 563VX UT WOS:000176260800032 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Semiatin, SL AF Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Semiatin, SL TI Effect of crystallographic texture on the isothermal beta grain-growth kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE annealing; titanium grain growth; texture ID CONVENTIONAL TITANIUM-ALLOY AB The effect of crystallographic texture on the kinetics of grain growth during isothermal beta annealing of Ti-6Al-4V was established. For this purpose, samples were subjected to a thermorrechanical process to produce material with a uniform, fine equiaxed-alpha microstructure with either a strong or weak (110) beta-phase texture. Grain growth measurements repealed that the classical isothermal grain-growth relation was incapable of describing the observations. Specifically, the grain-growth exponent n was found to have a strong dependence on temperature. In addition. the phenomenon of discontinuous grain growth. or a stagnation in the growth behavior at short times, was documented and ascribed to changes in texture during the grain-growth process. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ivasishin, OM (reprint author), Inst Met Phys, 36 Vernadsky St, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 332 IS 1-2 BP 343 EP 350 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01755-5 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01755-5 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 563VX UT WOS:000176260800044 ER PT J AU Poston, WSC Haddock, CK Talcott, GW Klesges, RC Lando, HA Peterson, A AF Poston, WSC Haddock, CK Talcott, GW Klesges, RC Lando, HA Peterson, A TI Are overweight and obese airmen at greater risk of discharge from the united states air force? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-WEIGHT; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; EDUCATION; SMOKING; TRENDS; WOMEN; COST AB This study examined whether overweight or obesity results in greater discharge risk from basic military training (BMT) or during the first year of service in the U.S. Air Force (USAF). Participants were 32,144 male and female airmen who underwent BMT from August 1995 to August 1996 and were classified as underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18) normal range (BMI = 18-24.9), overweight (BMI = 25-29.9), or obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30). Underweight airmen were 63% more likely and overweight airmen were 24% more likely to be medically discharged during BMT compared with individuals in the normal range. Underweight airmen were 22% more likely to be discharged within the first year of service compared with those in the normal range, whereas overweight airmen were 15% less likely to be discharged. These findings do not support overweight or obesity as being major causes for discharge from the USAF within the first year of active duty. C1 Univ Missouri, Mid Amer Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Missouri, Hlth Outcomes Res Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. USAF, Surgeon Gen Off, Washington, DC USA. Univ Memphis, Ctr Community Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Poston, WSC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Mid Amer Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-53478] NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 585 EP 588 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900016 PM 12125853 ER PT J AU Lechner, BL Baker, JA Chastain, DO Cuda, SE Lynch, J AF Lechner, BL Baker, JA Chastain, DO Cuda, SE Lynch, J TI The prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis in military dependent adolescents SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Uniformed Services Pediatric Seminar CY MAR 04-07, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA AMPLIFICATION ASSAYS; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; FIRST-VOID URINE; INFECTIONS; RECRUITS; WOMEN AB Chlamydia trachomatis infection is common among sexually active populations and often asymptomatic. Infection is associated with complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Using a noninvasive urine ligase chain reaction assay, we determined the prevalence of asymptomatic C. trachomatis infection among sexually active military dependent adolescents and young adults attending clinics at military facilities in San Antonio. The overall prevalence rate was 14%, higher than that reported in many high-risk settings, including sexually transmitted disease clinics. Gender-specific rates were 15% for females and 11% for males. Given a clear cost benefit to screening and treating at-risk populations, we conclude that screening of all sexually active military dependents, both male and female, using this noninvasive test should be performed routinely. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lechner, BL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 167 IS 7 BP 600 EP 601 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DX UT WOS:000181420900019 PM 12125856 ER PT J AU Baker, SF Morton, DP Rosenthal, RE Williams, LM AF Baker, SF Morton, DP Rosenthal, RE Williams, LM TI Optimizing military airlift SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We describe a large-scale linear programming model for optimizing strategic (intercontinental) airlift capability. The model routes cargo and passengers through a specified transportation network with a given fleet of aircraft subject to many physical and policy Constraints. The time-dynamic model captures a significant number of the important aspects of an airlift system in a large-scale military deployment, including aerial refueling, tactical (intracontinental) aircraft shuttles, and constraints based on crew availability. The model is designed to provide insight into issues associated with designing and operating an airlift system. We describe analyses for the U.S. Air Force system concerning fleet modernization and concerning the allocation of resources that affect the processing capacity of airfields. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Texas, Grad Program Operat Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baker, SF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Morton, David/K-2388-2014 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 582 EP 602 DI 10.1287/opre.50.4.582.2864 PG 21 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 584TN UT WOS:000177485000002 ER PT J AU Brewer, CD Duncan, BD Watson, EA AF Brewer, CD Duncan, BD Watson, EA TI Sensitivity comparison of ladar receivers designed to detect glint targets SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE glint targets; ladar; image upconversion ID PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3 AB We present four receiver designs for a ladar system, based on an optical parametric amplifier, that is designed to collect returns from glint targets. After coupling the return energy into periodically poled lithium niobate, the target backscatter is detected with either an infrared camera or a CCD array. Assuming reasonable detector and system characteristics, the sensitivity of each design is then evaluated by setting the receiver SNR detection threshold equal to one and using the minimum transmitted energy as the figure of merit. Through numerical analysis, we show that an upconversion receiver followed by a visible CCD array offers the best trade-off between sensitivity and practical design for airborne ladar applications. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, EO Sensor Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brewer, CD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1577 EP 1585 DI 10.1117/1.1479709 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576TR UT WOS:000177021900020 ER PT J AU Andersen, GP Knize, RJ Palisoc, AL Cassapakis, C AF Andersen, GP Knize, RJ Palisoc, AL Cassapakis, C TI Large-aperture holographically corrected membrane telescope SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE holography; lightweight telescopes; image correction; space optics ID TECHNOLOGY; MIRROR AB We have constructed a 1-m-diam holographically corrected membrane mirror telescope for optical imaging. Several thousand waves of surface error were removed using a corrective hologram, resulting in near diffraction-limited performance. A detailed discussion of the mirror, the corrective process, and the performance of the final telescope are included. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Lgarde Inc, Tustin, CA 92780 USA. RP Andersen, GP (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP,Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1603 EP 1607 DI 10.1117/1.1481510 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576TR UT WOS:000177021900022 ER PT J AU He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN AF He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN TI New technique for degenerate two-photon absorption spectral measurements using femtosecond continuum generation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULES; POLYDIACETYLENE; DERIVATIVES; EXCITATION; DESIGN; LASER AB We present a new technique for direct measurements of degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra of two-photon absorbing materials including non-fluorescent samples. This technique is based on the use of an intense single continuum-generation beam as the coherent white-light source with specially flattened spectral distribution. The different spectral components of the continuum beam are spatially dispersed and then passed through the sample material along different pathways so that nondegenerate TPA processes among different input spectral components can be avoided. By comparing the input and transmitted continuum spectral distributions, the TPA spectrum for a given sample can be obtained. As an example, the continuous TPA spectrum (from 550 to 1000 nm) is measured for a novel two-photon-absorbing compound (AF-389) which exhibits an extremely high TPA cross-section value of similar to1x10(-20) cm(4)/GW, or similar to249 GM, around similar to800-nm spectral range in femtosecond regime. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. AF Res Lab, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45459 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM pnprasad@acsu.buffalo.edu OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 13 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1364/OE.10.000566 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 568WR UT WOS:000176568300008 PM 19436399 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, J TI The Sixty Years War for the Great Lakes, 1754-1814 SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 126 IS 3 BP 502 EP 504 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 584CX UT WOS:000177450600008 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Ezhov, AA Kamenev, DI Yepez, J AF Berman, GP Ezhov, AA Kamenev, DI Yepez, J TI Simulation of the diffusion equation on a type-II quantum computer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FLUID-DYNAMICS; LATTICE AB A lattice-gas algorithm for the one-dimensional diffusion equation is realized using radio frequency pulses in a one-dimensional spin system. The model is a large array of quantum two-qubit nodes interconnected by the nearest-neighbor classical communication channels. We present a quantum protocol for implementation of the quantum collision operator and a method for initialization and reinitialization of quantum states. Numerical simulations of the quantum-classical dynamics are in good agreement with the analytic solution for the diffusion equation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk 142092, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 AR 012310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.012310 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 579WH UT WOS:000177200800035 ER PT J AU Sulimov, VB Sushko, PV Edwards, AH Shluger, AL Stoneham, AM AF Sulimov, VB Sushko, PV Edwards, AH Shluger, AL Stoneham, AM TI Asymmetry and long-range character of lattice deformation by neutral oxygen vacancy in alpha-quartz SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-DENSITY APPROXIMATION; ALKALI-HALIDE CRYSTALS; AB-INITIO; POINT-DEFECTS; SILICON DIOXIDE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; FORMATION ENERGIES; EXCITED-STATES; DOPED SILICA AB The neutral oxygen vacancy in SiO(2) is important both through its role in controlled refractive index changes and as an archetypal intrinsic defect. We have studied the very significant effects of lattice relaxation on the structure and properties of this defect in both pure and Ge-doped alpha-quartz using a hybrid classical-ab initio embedded-cluster method. The neutral vacancy induces very strong and anisotropic lattice distortion. At the vacancy site, the Si-Si distance in alpha-quartz relaxes to the same spacing as in elemental Si. The long-range distortion components extend further than 13 Angstrom from the vacant site. The displacements of surrounding atoms are strongly asymmetric with respect to the vacancy, contrary to previous theoretical results. We predict a strong relaxation in the lowest triplet excited state of the vacancy and small (less than 1 eV) triplet luminescence energy. The strong dependence of the defect properties on the radius of the relaxed region is demonstrated and the applicability of small molecular cluster models is discussed. C1 UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sulimov, VB (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 55 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 024108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.024108 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 582FE UT WOS:000177338400035 ER PT J AU Keats, JB Chambal, SP AF Keats, JB Chambal, SP TI Transient behavior of time-between-failures of complex repairable systems SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE time between failures; time to failure; exponential density; non-homogeneous Poisson process; transient behavior AB It is well known for complex repairable systems (with as few as four components), regardless of the time-to-failure (TTF) distribution of each component, that the time-between-failures (TBFs) tends toward the exponential. This is a long-teRM or 'steady-state' property. Aware of this property, many of those modeling such systems tend to base spares provisioning, maintenance personnel availability and other decisions on an exponential TBFs distribution. Such a policy may suffer serious drawbacks. A non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) accounts for these intervals for some time prior to 'steady-state'. Using computer simulation, the nature of transient TBF behavior is examined. The number of system failures until the exponential TBF assumption is valid is of particular interest. We show, using a number of system configurations and failure and repair distributions, that the transient behavior quickly drives the TBF distribution to the exponential. We feel comfortable with achieving exponential results for the TBF with 30 system failures. This number may be smaller for configurations with more components. However, at this point, we recommend 30 as the systems failure threshold for using the exponential assumption. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chambal, SP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Bldg 640,2950 P ST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1002/qre.467 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 584TZ UT WOS:000177486000004 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Forster, NH AF Brown, JR Forster, NH TI Numerical investigation of the effect of carbon-carbon composite cages on high-speed bearing operating temperatures SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE bearings; rolling element; engineering analysis and computing; dynamic modelling; heat transfer analysis; lubricant application methods; mist; materials; properties and tribology; ceramics; composites AB In addition to geometry and environmental factors, operating temperatures of bearings are directly affected by applied load, operating speed, friction torque, and lubricant type and viscosity. Without adequate heat dissipation, bearing temperatures will increase to the point that the lubricant is distressed, ultimately leading to bearing failure. Numerically investigating bearing operating temperatures,for specific environment, geometry, and lubricant conditions provides the opportunity to design bearings for improved thermal performance. This is critical for high-speed bearings when using mist or vapor phase lubrication with reduced heat sink capability. For these conditions, heat generation can lead to temperatures too extreme for reliable operation. Interactions between the bearing cage and the bearing races are the primary component of the total heat generation in these bearings. As the loading during these interactions is a function of centrifugal forces, it has been predicted that a lower density cage material will provide thermal performance benefits due to reduced loading. If this lower density cage material also demonstrates acceptable strength and traction characteristics, it may be an excellent replacement for conventional cage materials. Carbon-carbon composites meet the desired cage properties and the effects of using C-C cages on bearing operating temperature have been investigated using the finite element method. Predicted heat generation and steady-state temperatures,for a 30 mm ball bearing operating with mist lubricant delivered at 325 degreesC for several shaft operating speeds are presented to demonstrate differences in thermal performance due to cage material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1080/10402000208982567 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 575JE UT WOS:000176942500018 ER PT J AU Barchers, JD Fried, DL Link, DJ AF Barchers, JD Fried, DL Link, DJ TI Evaluation of the performance of a shearing interferometer in strong scintillation in the absence of additive measurement noise SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; RECONSTRUCTION; PHASE AB A simulation study is presented that evaluates the ability of a unit-shear, shearing interferometer to estimate a complex field resulting from propagation through extended turbulence. Performance is defined in terms of the Strehl ratio achieved when the estimate of the complex field obtained from reconstruction is used to correct the distorted wave front presented to the wave-front sensor. A series of evaluations is performed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the shearing interferometer in the two-dimensional space of the Fried parameter r(0) and the Rytov number. The performance of the shearing interferometer is compared with that of a Hartmann sensor in the Fried and Hutchin geometries. Although the effects of additive measurement noise (such as read noise, shot noise, amplifier noise) are neglected, the fundamental characteristics of the measurement process are shown to distinguish the performance of the various wave-front sensors. It is found that the performance of a shearing interferometer is superior to that of a Hartmann sensor when the Rytov number exceeds 0.2. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Jupiter, FL 33477 USA. RP USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 18 BP 3674 EP 3684 DI 10.1364/AO.41.003674 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 563UJ UT WOS:000176274200024 PM 12078695 ER PT J AU Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP AF Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP TI Hydraulic actuation based on flow of non-wetting fluids in micro-channels SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE micro-hydraulic technology; non-wetting fluids; actuators AB The behavior of non-wetting fluids in micro-channels can be utilized to create an unusual form of micro-hydraulic technology that enables fabrication of various kinds of micro-actuators and micro-bearings. In addition, this same technology can be used to construct micro-pumps capable of generating flows of wetting fluids in micro-channels and to manipulate and control these flows. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hoffman, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 60 AR PII S0925-4005(02)00053-9 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00053-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 567ZW UT WOS:000176518800007 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Qin, HH Mather, PT Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Qin, HH Mather, PT Tan, LS TI A new hyperbranched poly(arylene-ether-ketone-imide): Synthesis, chain-end functionalization, and blending with a bis(maleimide) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID INTERPENETRATING POLYMERIC NETWORKS; ELASTOMER-MODIFIED EPOXIES; BISMALEIMIDE RESINS; THERMOSETTING BISMALEIMIDES; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; LINEAR POLYIMIDES; DENDRIMERS AB While aromatic polyimides have found widespread use as high-performance polymers, the present work addressed the need for organosoluble pre-imidized materials through the use of a hyperbranching scheme. The AB2 monomer, N-[3,5-bis(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzenel-4-fluorophthalimide, was prepared from 4-fluoroisophthalic anhydride and 3,5 -bis (4-hydroxybenzoyl) aniline. The latter was synthesized in three steps starting from commercially available 5-nitroisophthalic acid. The AB2 monomer was then polymerized via aromatic fluoride-displacement reaction to afford the corresponding hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, HT-PAEKI, which was then functionalized with allyl and propargyl bromides as well as epichlorohydrin to afford allyl-terminated AT-PAEKI, propargyl-terminated PT-PAEKI and epoxy (glycidyl)-terminated ET-PAEKI, in that order. All hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone-imide)s were soluble in common organic solvents. Intrinsic viscosities of HT-, AT-, PT-, and ET-PAEK1 in NMP were 0.13, 0.08, 0.08, and 0.08 dL/g, in that order. AT-PAEKI displayed an exotherm due to Claisen rearrangement at 269 degreesC and allyl-based thermal-cure reaction at 343 degreesC. PT-PAEKI displayed only a single, strong exotherm at 278 degreesC. Because of hydrogen bonding, HT-PAEKI displayed T-g of 224 degreesC while its derivatives exhibited lower T-g values ranging from 122 to 174 degreesC. Finally, AT-PAEKI was blended with a bisphenol A-based bis(maleimide) (BPA-BMI) in various weight ratios. The results from differential scanning calorimetric study indicated that the presence of AT-PAEKI up to 32 wt %) significantly affect the glass transition temperatures and cure behavior of BPA-BMI. Dynamic mechanical analysis comparing cured BPA-BMI with the 5 wt % AT-PAEKI blend corroborates this increase in glass transition temperature. C1 USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL,MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL,MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 63 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 18 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 13 BP 4951 EP 4959 DI 10.1021/ma020066+ PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 562TR UT WOS:000176215500018 ER PT J AU Blackshire, JL Sathish, S Duncan, BD Millard, M AF Blackshire, JL Sathish, S Duncan, BD Millard, M TI Real-time, frequency-translated holographic visualization of surface acoustic wave interactions with surface-breaking defects SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A real-time, frequency-translated holographic imaging system has been developed by use of bacteriorhodopsin film, The system provides a capability for imaging surface acoustic waves and has been utilized to detect and characterize surface-breaking defects through near-field ultrasonic scattering effects. Frequency-plane filtering was used to discriminate between ultrasonic standing-wave and near-field scattering features, dramatically enhancing the holographic visualization of the defect sites. A detailed description of the system is presented, along with representative holographic images showing the interaction of surface acoustic waves with surface-breaking cracks and small notches in aluminum and titanium substrates. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1025 EP 1027 DI 10.1364/OL.27.001025 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 563VN UT WOS:000176277600013 PM 18026353 ER PT J AU Hasselbeck, MP Stalnaker, D Schlie, LA Rotter, TJ Stintz, A Sheik-Bahae, M AF Hasselbeck, MP Stalnaker, D Schlie, LA Rotter, TJ Stintz, A Sheik-Bahae, M TI Emission of terahertz radiation from coupled plasmon-phonon modes in InAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COHERENT PHONONS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVE ANTENNA; OPTICAL PHONONS; DOPED GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; THZ; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSPORT; GAP AB Coherent electromagnetic radiation is generated by the oscillation of longitudinal modes associated with optical phonons and bulk plasmons in InAs. Dramatic changes to the radiation spectra occur when the plasmon and phonon frequencies are in close spectral proximity, i.e., when the modes become strongly coupled. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 27 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 23 AR 233203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.233203 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HH UT WOS:000176767900010 ER PT J AU Rosado, E Schwartz, Z Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Boyan, BD AF Rosado, E Schwartz, Z Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Boyan, BD TI Transforming growth factor-beta 1 regulation of growth zone chondrocytes is mediated by multiple interacting pathways SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chondrocyte culture; transforming growth factor-beta 1; 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3; protein kinase C; alkaline phosphatase; signal transduction ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; MATURATION-DEPENDENT MANNER; CARTILAGE-INDUCING FACTOR; FACTOR-BETA; RESTING ZONE; PLATE CHONDROCYTES; CELL MATURATION; TGF-BETA; ARACHIDONIC-ACID AB Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) affects growth plate chondrocytes through Smad-mediated mechanisms and has been shown to increase protein kinase C (PKC). This study determined if PKC mediates the physiological response of rat costochondral growth zone (GC) chondrocytes to TGF-beta1; if the physiological response occurs via type II or type III TGF-beta receptors, and, if so, which receptor mediates the increase in PKC; and the signal transduction pathways involved. Treatment of confluent GC cells with TGF-beta1 stimulated [H-3]thymidine and [15 S]sulfate incorporation as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and PKC specific activities. Inhibition of PKC with chelerythrine, staurosporine, or H-7 caused a dose-dependent decrease in these parameters, indicating that PKC signaling was involved. TGF-beta1-dependent PKC and the physiological response of GC cells to TGF-beta1 was reversed by anti-type II TGF-beta receptor antibody and soluble type II TGF-beta receptor, showing that TGF-beta1 mediates these effects through the type II receptor. The increase in [H-3]thymidine incorporation and ALPase specific activity were also regulated by protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, since the effects of TGF-beta1 were partially blocked by the PKA inhibitor H-8. The mechanism of TGF-beta1 activation of PKC is through phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and not through phospholipase C (PLC). Arachidonic acid increased PKC in control cultures and was additive with TGF-beta1. Prostanoids are required, as indomethacin blocked the effect of TGF-beta1, and Cox-1, but not Cox-2, is involved. TGF-beta1 stimulates prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) production and exogenous PGE2 stimulates PKC, but not as much as TGF-beta1, suggesting that PGE2 is not sufficient for all of the prostaglandin effect. In contrast, TGF-beta1 was not regulated by diacylglycerol; neither dioctanoylglycerol (DOG) nor inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase with R59022 had an effect. G-proteins mediate TGF-beta1 signaling at different levels in the cascade. TGF-beta1-dependent increases in PGE2 levels and PKC were augmented by the G protein activator GTPgammaS, whereas inhibition of G-protein activity via GDPbetaS, pertussis toxin, or cholera toxin blocked stimulation of PKC by TGF-beta1, indicating that both G(i) and G(s) are involved. Inhibition of PKA with H-8 partially blocked TGF-beta1-dependent PKC, suggesting that PKA inhibition on the physiological response was via PKA regulation of PKC signaling. This indicates that multiple interacting signaling pathways are involved: TGF-beta1 stimulates PLA2 and prostaglandin release via the action of Cox-1 on arachidonic acid. PGE2 activates the EP2 receptor, leading to G-protein-dependent activation of PKA. PKA signaling results in increased PKC activity and PKC signaling regulates proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7774, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603, DE-05937] NR 78 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4889 J9 BBA-MOL CELL RES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res. PD JUN 12 PY 2002 VL 1590 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 15 AR PII S0167-4889(02)00194-5 DI 10.1016/S0167-4889(02)00194-5 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 567ZV UT WOS:000176518700001 PM 12063164 ER PT J AU Egan, MP Clark, JS Mizuno, DR Carey, SJ Steele, IA Price, SD AF Egan, MP Clark, JS Mizuno, DR Carey, SJ Steele, IA Price, SD TI An infrared ring nebula around MSX5C G358.5391+00.1305: The true nature of suspected planetary nebula Wray 17-96 determined via direct imaging and spectroscopy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; planetary nebulae : individual (Wray 17-96); stars : evolution; stars : variables : other ID MIDCOURSE SPACE EXPERIMENT; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRA; EARLY-TYPE STARS; GALACTIC-CENTER; QUINTUPLET CLUSTER; P-CYGNI; RADIO; PISTOL; DUST; G79.29+0.46 AB The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) Galactic plane survey discovered a nearly perfectly circular ring nebula around the suspected planetary nebula Wray 17-96. Using near-IR spectral typing and modeling of the mid-IR nebula, we find that Wray 17-96 is more likely a candidate to be a luminous blue variable (LBV) surrounded by a large spherical ejecta shell. It is very similar to the G79.29+0.46 LBV candidate in Cygnus and the Pistol Star. The K-band spectrum and the mid-IR data indicate a stellar temperature of 13,000 K. The most likely distance to the source is 4.5 kpc, leading to a luminosity of 1.8 x 10(6) L-.. We suggest that the nebula consists of multiple shells and that an evolution from oxygen-rich to carbon-rich chemistry may be indicated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L41 1LD, Merseyside, England. RP Egan, MP (reprint author), MDA AT, 7100 Def Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301 USA. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2002 VL 572 IS 1 BP 288 EP 299 DI 10.1086/340222 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 559BQ UT WOS:000176005100025 ER PT J AU Kohn, E Daumiller, I Kunze, M Van Nostrand, J Sewell, J Jenkins, T AF Kohn, E Daumiller, I Kunze, M Van Nostrand, J Sewell, J Jenkins, T TI Switching behaviour of GaN-based HFETs: thermal and electronic transients SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE AB Switching GaN-based devices from a quiescent drain bias point in pinch-off to an open channel condition such as in pulsed power operation will cause thermal transients due to self-heating and electronic transients owing to charge storage effects with opposite gradients. The superposition of both effects may result in a complex transient behaviour or even cancellation. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kohn, E (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 BP 603 EP 605 DI 10.1049/el:20020417 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 569YY UT WOS:000176632000047 ER PT J AU Shang, JS AF Shang, JS TI Plasma injection for hypersonic blunt-body drag reduction SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GAS AB The summary of combined experimental and computational investigations is presented for the plasma injection from a hypersonic blunt body for drag reduction. The systematic pursuit addresses all speculated mechanisms that can generate favorable magnetoaerodynamic interactions: the counterflow jet shock aerodynamic interaction, the nonequilibrium thermodynamic and chemical phenomenon, and the electromagnetic-aerodynamic interaction. The computational study was carried out by solving both the three-dimensional and the axisymmetric, mass-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations for counterflow jet interaction. The experimental investigation of the plasma injection was conducted in a nominal Mach 6 open jet, blowdown tunnel. The weakly ionized, counterflow jet generated by a plasma torch has a vibrational temperature of 4400 K, an electron temperature around 20,000 K, and electron number density greater than 3 x 10(12)/cm(3). It is found that the drag reduction is mostly derived from the viscous-inviscid interaction of the counterflow jet and thermal energy deposition, The nonequilibrium and the electromagnetic effect by an applied magnetic field are negligible. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1178 EP 1186 DI 10.2514/2.1769 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 557ZA UT WOS:000175938100022 ER PT J AU Tribble, C Kern, J Smith, M DuBose, J AF Tribble, C Kern, J Smith, M DuBose, J TI The establishment of a surgical interest society for medical students SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE medical education; surgery; surgical societies AB With the advent of initiatives by many medical schools to attract students to generalist fields, the curriculum at these institutions has undergone substantial change. In many instances these changes include the abbreviation of exposure to specialty fields such as surgery. Consequently, the exposure of medical students to the surgical discipline and surgeons may be decreased at these institutions. These changes are particularly concerning in light of studies that suggest that these important interactions are the primary influences that lead students to pursue a career in specific fields. It is also interesting to note that these trends in decreasing exposure to surgical fields seem to correlate with recent increases in the number of unfilled categorical residency positions in general surgery. This article focuses on the experiences of a group of students and faculty mentors at the University of Virginia School of Medicine as they set about creating an extracurricular opportunity for students to explore interests in surgical fields. We shall present the thoughts and rationale we used in planning the establishment of our own student surgical interest society, as well as the manner in which we ultimately went about constructing this organization. It is our hope that this information will provide some ideas for the creation of similar societies at other institutions. (C) 2002 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP DuBose, J (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, 81 St MSGS SGCQ,301 Fisher St,Ste 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 183 IS 6 BP 618 EP 621 AR PII S0002-9610(02)00870-X DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(02)00870-X PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 567XN UT WOS:000176512200006 PM 12095589 ER PT J AU Lundell, JC AF Lundell, JC TI Evidence-based EACA dosing? SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Letter ID EPSILON-AMINOCAPROIC ACID; BYPASS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Lundell, JC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 EI 1526-7598 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1673 EP 1673 DI 10.1097/00000539-200206000-00070 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 557CZ UT WOS:000175890900070 PM 12032058 ER PT J AU Senior, C Cerisier, JC Rich, F Lester, M Parks, GK AF Senior, C Cerisier, JC Rich, F Lester, M Parks, GK TI Strong sunward propagating flow bursts in the night sector during quiet solar wind conditions: SuperDARN and satellite observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; particle precipitation ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA SHEET; BULK FLOWS; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; NORTHWARD; INTENSIFICATIONS; ASSOCIATION AB High-time resolution data from the two Iceland SuperDARN HF radars show very strong nightside convection activity during a prolonged period of low geomagnetic activity and northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Flows bursts with velocities ranging from 0.8 to 1.7 km/s are observed to propagate in the sunward direction with phase velocities up to 1.5 km/s. These bursts occur over several hours of MLT in the 20:00-01:00MLT sector, in the evening-side sunward convection. Data from a simultaneous DMSP pass and POLAR UVI images show a very contracted polar cap and extended regions of auroral particle precipitation from the magnetospheric boundaries. A DMSP pass over the Iceland-West field-of-view while one of these sporadic bursts of enhanced flow is observed, indicates that the flow bursts appear within the plasma sheet and at its outward edge, which excludes Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities at the magnetopause boundary as the generation mechanism. In the nightside region, the precipitation is more spot-like and the convection organizes itself as clockwise U-shaped structures. We interpret these flow bursts as the convective transport following plasma injection events from the tail into the nightside ionosphere. We show that during this period, where the IMF clock angle is around 70degrees, the dayside magnetosphere is not completely closed. C1 CETP, F-94107 St Maur, France. USAF, Rome Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cerisier, JC (reprint author), CETP, 4 Ave Neptune, F-94107 St Maur, France. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 771 EP 779 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 570UG UT WOS:000176676200003 ER PT J AU Coleman, NV Mattes, TE Gossett, JM Spain, JC AF Coleman, NV Mattes, TE Gossett, JM Spain, JC TI Biodegradation of cis-dichloroethene as the sole carbon source by a beta-proteobacterium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVELY DECHLORINATES TETRACHLOROETHENE; METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; VINYL-CHLORIDE; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; GEN. NOV.; METABOLISM; SUBSTRATE; BACTERIUM; ETHENE; GROWTH AB An aerobic bacterium capable of growth on cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) as a sole carbon and energy source was isolated by enrichment culture. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequence of the isolate (strain JS666) had 97.9% identity to the sequence from Polaromonas vacuolata, indicating that the isolate was a beta-proteobacterium. At 20degreesC, strain JS666 grew on cDCE with a minimum doubling time of 73 7 h and a growth yield of 6.1 g of protein/mol of cDCE. Chloride analysis indicated that complete dechlorination of cDCE occurred during growth. The half-velocity constant for cDCE transformation was 1.6 +/- 0.2 muM, and the maximum specific substrate utilization rate ranged from 12.6 to 16.8 nmol/min/mg of protein. Resting cells grown on cDCE could transform cDCE, ethene, vinyl chloride, trans-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, and 1,2-dichloroethane. Epoxyethane was produced from ethene by cDCE-grown cells, suggesting that an epoxidation reaction is the first step in cDCE degradation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQL Bldg 1117,139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 28 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2726 EP 2730 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.6.2726-2730.2002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 559MN UT WOS:000176030100014 PM 12039726 ER PT J AU Pikas, DJ Kirkpatrick, SM Tomlin, DW Natarajan, L Tondiglia, V Bunning, TJ AF Pikas, DJ Kirkpatrick, SM Tomlin, DW Natarajan, L Tondiglia, V Bunning, TJ TI Electrically switchable reflection holograms formed using two-photon photopolymerization SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON INDUCED PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLYMER; ABSORPTION; GRATINGS; STORAGE AB Two-photon holographic photopolymerization was used to form switchable Bragg gratings composed of layers of phase-separated liquid-crystal (LC) domains interspersed with cured, crosslinked polymer. These holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals form a periodic structure which diffracts red light due to nanostructured planes similar to 250 nm in spacing. These structures were formed by interfering two 90-fs pulses coherently upon a reactive syrup consisting of acrylate monomer, liquid crystal, and a two-photon dye. The large two-photon cross-section allows excitation of the two-photon dye that results in electron transfer between this dye and the monomer. Diffraction efficiencies of approximately 10% were obtained, which can be modulated using an electric field applied across the film. Switching speeds below 1 ms were observed due in part to the small size of the LC domains. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 74 IS 6 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s003390100953 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 547WR UT WOS:000175356200008 ER PT J AU del Rincon, I Battafarano, DF Arroyo, RA Murphy, FT Escalante, A AF del Rincon, I Battafarano, DF Arroyo, RA Murphy, FT Escalante, A TI Heterogeneity between men and women in the influence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope on the clinical expression of rheumatoid arthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; ISRAELI JEWS; HLA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; SEX; MARKERS; ALLELES; AGE AB Objective. To test the hypothesis that the influence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) on the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) differs between men and women. Methods. We assessed 777 consecutive RA patients for age at disease onset, articular manifestations, subcutaneous nodules, laboratory and radiographic findings, and treatment received. We typed HLA-DRB1 alleles by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer amplification and categorized the number of SE-containing alleles. We used regression models to adjust comparisons between the sexes for age and clustering by recruitment center, and included SE X sex interaction terms to look for heterogeneity between men and women in the effect of the SE. Results. Among the 777 RA patients, 548 (71%) were women. Men and women differed significantly in the adjusted frequency of SE positivity (women 71.4% versus men 78.4%; P less than or equal to 0.001). The SE was associated with a younger age at symptom onset and RA diagnosis among men, but not among women. The SE likewise had a significant adverse effect on joint tenderness, swelling, and deformity among men only. The SE was associated with a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate in women and more frequent positivity for rheumatoid factor among both men and women. Conclusion. There is heterogeneity between men and women in the effect of the SE on RA susceptibility and clinical expression. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of this heterogeneity. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Escalante, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 1346]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL 004481]; NIAMS NIH HHS [K24 AR 47530]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 37151] NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1488 DI 10.1002/art.10295 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 562LX UT WOS:000176199200008 PM 12115177 ER EF