FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Pazos, G Mair, EA AF Pazos, G Mair, EA TI Complications of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; TISSUE REDUCTION; MANAGEMENT; PALATE AB OBJECTIVE. To evaluate complications of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing and to outline complication avoidance strategies. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective review of 51 consecutive RFA treatment sessions for SDB to the soft palate and tongue base by a single surgeon at a tertiary medical center. RESULTS: Over 2 years, 51 treatments comprising 26 palatal and 25 tongue base RFA treatments were performed for sleep-disordered breathing on 30 patients. Complications included palatal mucosal breakdown (I I cases), temporary tongue base neuralgias (4 cases), uvular sloughing (2 cases), tongue base abscesses (2 cases), and floor of mouth edema with airway compromise (2 cases). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first paper focusing on complications of RFA. While complications from soft palate RFA present rapidly and are self-limiting, complications from tongue base RFA may be delayed and life threatening. A detailed strategy is provided to avoid and treat these complications. C1 USAF, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), USAF, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 125 IS 5 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1067/mhn.2001.119863 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 493FL UT WOS:000172211300005 PM 11700442 ER PT J AU Curry, MP Newlon, JL Watson, DW AF Curry, MP Newlon, JL Watson, DW TI Cavernous sinus metastasis from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Newlon, JL (reprint author), 3211 Hitching Post Lane, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 125 IS 5 BP 567 EP 568 DI 10.1067/mhn.2001.116781 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 493FL UT WOS:000172211300028 PM 11700465 ER PT J AU Look, DC AF Look, DC TI Defect-related donors, acceptors, and traps in GaN SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-4) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO ID GROWN N-GAN; THREADING EDGE DISLOCATION; INDUCED ELECTRON TRAPS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; NATIVE DEFECTS; DEEP-LEVEL; IRRADIATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; IMPLANTATION AB Point defects have been created in GaN by various types of irradiation: electrons (1 and 2.5 Mev, and the spectrum from Sr-90): protons (0.15 MeV, 2 MeV, and 24 GeV); He ions (5.4 MeV)-, gamma -rays (Co-60); and sputtering and c-beam deposition of metals. They have been studied by temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements (T-Hall), deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), and photoluminescence (PL). Confirmed defect energies, and firm or tentative defect assignments, are as follows: T-Hall (donor at 0.06 eV, V-N); DLTS (electron trap at 0.18 eV (thermal 0.06 eV), V-N, electron trap at 0.9 eV, N-1 or Ga-1-X); ODMR (Ga-1 and Ga-1-X): PAS (V-Ga): PL (0.85 eV band with 0.88 eV zero-phonon line, O-N or O-N-Ga-1; 0.93 eV band; 3.37 eV line; 3.39 eV line). Many of these defect signatures have also been observed in as-grown GaN. Dislocations, of the threading-edge type, are found to be acceptor-like in n-type GaN. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 228 IS 1 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200111)228:1<293::AID-PSSB293>3.0.CO;2-F PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498LV UT WOS:000172513100065 ER PT J AU Visconti, P Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F King, T Baski, AA Cingolani, R Litton, CW Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Morkoc, H AF Visconti, P Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F King, T Baski, AA Cingolani, R Litton, CW Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Morkoc, H TI Investigation of defects and polarity in GaN using hot wet etching, atomic force and transmission electron microscopy and convergent beam electron diffraction SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-4) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO AB Availability of reliable and quick methods to investigate defects and polarity in GaN films is of great interest. We have used photo-electrochemical (PEC) and hot wet etching to determine the defect density. We found the density of whiskers formed by the PEC process to be similar to the density of hexagonal pits formed by wet etching and to the dislocation density obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hot wet etching was used also to investigate the polarity of MBE-grown GaN films together with convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We have found that hot H3PO4 etches N-polarity GaN films very quickly resulting in the complete removal or a drastic change of surface morphology. On the contrary, the acid attacks only the defect sites in Ga-polar films leaving the defect-free GaN intact and the morphology unchanged. The polarity assignments, confirmed by CBED experiments, were related to the as-grown surface morphology and to the growth conditions, C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. INFM, NNL, Unit Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, Dept Innovat Engn, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. IME, CNR, Ist Studio Nuovi Mat Eletrron, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Visconti, P (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Cingolani, Roberto/B-9191-2011; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; VISCONTI, PAOLO/L-7214-2015; OI VISCONTI, PAOLO/0000-0002-4058-4042; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 228 IS 2 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200111)228:2<513::AID-PSSB513>3.3.CO;2-P PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 503GM UT WOS:000172790800037 ER PT J AU Yun, F Huang, D Reshchikov, MA King, T Baski, AA Litton, CW Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Visconti, P Morkoc, H AF Yun, F Huang, D Reshchikov, MA King, T Baski, AA Litton, CW Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Visconti, P Morkoc, H TI A comparative study of MBE-grown GaN films having predominantly Ga- or N-polarity SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-4) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO ID VAPOR-PHASE-EPITAXY; SAPPHIRE AB Wurtzitic GaN epilayers having both Ga and N-polarity were grown by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using a plasma-activated nitrogen source on c-plane sapphire. The polarities were verified by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). High-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the structural defects present in the films. The different topographic features of Ga and N-polarity samples and their appearance after wet etching were correlated to the measured X-ray rocking curve peak widths for both symmetric [0002] and asymmetric [10 (1) over bar4] diffraction. For Ga-polarity samples, the [0002] diffraction is narrower than the [10 (1) over bar4] diffraction, while for N-polarity ones the [0002] peaks are broader than [10 (1) over bar4]. The half width of [10 (1) over bar4] peaks for both polarity types were in the range of 5-7 arcmin indicative of, among possibly other defects, a high density of pure edge threading dislocations lying parallel to the c-axis. The 1-2 arcmin [0002] linewidths of Ga-polarity samples suggest a low density of screw dislocations, which corresponds with the TEM observations where the screw dislocation density is less than 10(7) cm(-2). In N-polarity samples, however, the [0002] diffraction peak was typically wider than 5 arcmin, suggesting either a higher density of edge dislocations and inversion domains in N-polarity samples, or the columnar structural features in AFM images, where the effective coherence length for X-ray diffraction is drastically reduced. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yun, F (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; VISCONTI, PAOLO/L-7214-2015; OI VISCONTI, PAOLO/0000-0002-4058-4042; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 228 IS 2 BP 543 EP 547 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200111)228:2<543::AID-PSSB543>3.0.CO;2-M PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 503GM UT WOS:000172790800043 ER PT J AU Anwar, AFM Wu, SL Webster, RT AF Anwar, AFM Wu, SL Webster, RT TI Temperature dependent transport parameters in short GaN structures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-4) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO ID ALGAN/GAN AB We present the mobility and diffusion constant in short GaN structures. Differential mobility decreases with increasing temperature while it increases with decreasing sample size. Theoretically calculated transconductance of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT, using the short channel mobility, is in good agreement with experimental data. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. RP Anwar, AFM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 228 IS 2 BP 575 EP 578 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 503GM UT WOS:000172790800050 ER PT J AU Ferguson, D Chen, A Monzyk, B Patry, M Barlor, E AF Ferguson, D Chen, A Monzyk, B Patry, M Barlor, E TI Control of chelator-based upsets in surface finishing shop wastewater treatment systems SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article AB Actual surface finishing shop examples are used to illustrate the use of process chemistry understanding and analyses to identify immediate, interim, and permanent response options for industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWTP) upset problems caused by chelating agents. There is economic and environmental compliance value to achieving such control, because it is difficult to eliminate these upsets and their associated costs in actual plant practice. Chelating agents are required for baths operating at a pH sufficiently high to cause metal hydroxide precipitation, or which need to maintain low metal ion activities for proper plated metal morphology. A methodology is offered to identify recovery and prevention solutions to such problems, which uses readily available materials and procedures. Fifty-three such options are offered. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Proc & Facil Engn Prop Directorate, OC, ALC, LPEE, Tinker AFB, OK USA. RP Ferguson, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 88 IS 11 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 493HY UT WOS:000172217600013 ER PT J AU Cunningham, DW Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Cunningham, DW Billock, VA Tsou, BH TI Sensorimotor adaptation to violations of temporal contiguity SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE LATENCY; Y-CELLS; CAT AB Most events are processed by a number of neural pathways vs. These pathways often differ considerably in processing speed. Thus, coherent perception requires some form of synchronization mechanism. Moreover, this mechanism must be flexible. because neural processing speed changes over the life of an organism. Here we provide behavioral evidence that humans can adapt to a new intersensory temporal relationship (which was artificially produced by delaying visual feedback). The conflict between these results and previous work that failed to find such improvements can be explained by considering the present results as a form of sensorimotor adaptation. C1 Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Cunningham, DW (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet, Spemannstr 38, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. OI Cunningham, Douglas William/0000-0003-1419-2552 NR 19 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0956-7976 J9 PSYCHOL SCI JI Psychol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 532 EP 535 DI 10.1111/1467-9280.00398 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 491MQ UT WOS:000172112700017 PM 11760144 ER PT J AU Thomas, RM Cervera, MA Eftaxiadis, K Manurung, SL Saroso, S Effendy Ramli, AG Hassan, WS Rahman, H Dalimin, MN Groves, KM Wang, Y AF Thomas, RM Cervera, MA Eftaxiadis, K Manurung, SL Saroso, S Effendy Ramli, AG Hassan, WS Rahman, H Dalimin, MN Groves, KM Wang, Y TI A regional GPS receiver network for monitoring equatorial scintillation and total electron content SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F AB A network of Global Positioning System (GPS) single-frequency (L1) receivers has been installed in Australia and Southeast Asia for the purpose of monitoring equatorial ionospheric scintillation during the current peak in solar cycle activity. Dual-frequency receivers to measure total electron content are also operating at some stations and will be described in a later paper. With respect to equatorial scintillation our long-term intention is to characterize its statistical properties and its effect on GPS link performance within the Asian-Australian longitude zone (approximately from 100degrees to 150degrees E) as a function of time of day, season, sunspot number, and magnetic latitude, for comparison with available models such as WBMOD and in order to quantify the potential for navigational degradation, especially during times of elevated solar activity. In this paper, the scintillation receiver network is described, and preliminary results are presented from the first two years of operation (1998 and 1999). Our initial results include measurements of diurnal and seasonal variations in S-4 and an analysis of the performance of multiple satellite links which indicates that just prior to solar maximum, GPS can approach marginal performance because of scintillation. C1 Def Sci & Technol Org, Surveillance Syst Div, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. LAPAN, Ionospher Res & Dev Ctr, Bandung 40173, Indonesia. Def Sci & Technol Ctr, Minist Def, Kuala Lumpur 50634, Malaysia. USAF, Res Lab, Hancom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. IPS Radio & Space Serv, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Thomas, RM (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, Surveillance Syst Div, POB 1500, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1545 EP 1557 DI 10.1029/2000RS002521 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 508AT UT WOS:000173065300023 ER PT J AU Cervera, MA Thomas, RM Groves, KM Ramli, AG Effendy AF Cervera, MA Thomas, RM Groves, KM Ramli, AG Effendy TI Validation of WBMOD in the southeast Asian region SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATIONS; IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION; MODEL AB The scintillation modeling code WBMOD, developed at North West Research, provides a global description of scintillation occurrence. However, the model has had limited calibration globally. Thus its performance in localized regions such as Australia-Southeast Asia is required to be evaluated. The Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia, in conjunction with Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Defence Science and Technology Centre, Malaysia, Air Force Research laboratory, United States, and IPS Radio and Space Services of Australia, has commissioned a network of GPS receivers to measure scintillation from sites in the region. One of the objectives of this deployment is to carry out a validation of WBMOD in the region. This paper describes the network of GPS receivers used to record the scintillation data. The details of the procedure used to validate WBMOD are given and results of the validation are presented for data collected during 1998 and 1999 from two sites, one situated in the southern anomaly region and the other situated near the geomagnetic equator. We found good overall agreement between WBMOD and the observations for low sunspot numbers at both sites, although some differences were noted, the major one being that the scintillation activity predicted by WBMOD tended to cut off too early in the night. At higher levels of sunspot activity, while WBMOD agreed with the observations in the southern anomaly region, we found that it significantly underestimated the level of scintillation activity at the geomagnetic equator. C1 Def Sci & Technol Org, Surveillance Syst Div, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. LAPAN, Ionospher Res & Dev Ctr, Indonesian Natl Inst Aeronaut & Space, Bandung 40173, Indonesia. Def Sci & Technol Ctr, Minist Def, Kuala Lumpur 50634, Malaysia. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cervera, MA (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, Surveillance Syst Div, POB 1500, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. EM manuel.cervera@dsto.defence.gov.au; dick.thomas@dsto.defence.gov.au; groves@plh.af.mil; agr.sst@mod.gov.my; fendy@idola.net.id NR 18 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1559 EP 1572 DI 10.1029/2000RS002520 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 508AT UT WOS:000173065300024 ER PT J AU Lai, ST AF Lai, ST TI A review of critical ionization velocity SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MODIFIED 2-STREAM INSTABILITY; RADIATION EFFECTS SATELLITE; EMISSION PROFILE STRUCTURE; GAS-RELEASE EXPERIMENTS; IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SPACE-SHUTTLE; NEUTRAL GAS; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB This paper reviews the critical ionization velocity (CIV) phenomenon, with inclusion of recent research. CIV, suggested by Alfven in 1954 as part of a larger cosmological theory accounting for the formation of the solar system, is controversial in that laboratory and space experiments to confirm its validity have yielded conflicting results. Theoretical analysis has suggested that the driving mechanism for CIV is some form of beam-plasma instability, such as the lower hybrid instability, which leads to rapid energization of ambient electrons so that they gain enough energy to ionize the beam of neutral atoms by electron impact. The newly created beam ions energize the instability, thus fostering a cyclic process that may lead to an avalanche ionization. Because the implications of this process, if correct, are widespread, it has become important to establish a theoretical framework for its presence and its occurrence. This framework includes a variety of microscopic chemical and physicochemical processes, such as line excitation, formation of metastable states by electron impact, ionization of metastable states by electron impact, and ion-electron recombination in the case of molecular ions. These reactions may occur in CIV experiments both in the laboratory and in space. Numerical computer models have been able to not only simulate CIV but also reveal details in nonlinear plasma evolution together with electron impact ionization of the neutral particles. Theories, laboratory experiments, and computer simulations have all shown CIV as feasible and reasonably understood, although all CIV experiments in space have yielded negative results with perhaps three exceptions. In the CIV experiments in space, not only the ionization yields were low, but also non-CIV processes such as charge exchange, associative ionization, and stripping ionization may have occurred and may, be easily mistaken as CIV. We also discuss the conditions under which the laboratory and the space experiments are carried out and highlight the differences, some of which may explain the different results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 174 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 471 EP 506 DI 10.1029/2000RG000087 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 489ZT UT WOS:000172023700002 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Tolle, TB Schmitt, GF Imeson, D Jones, RJ AF Vaia, RA Tolle, TB Schmitt, GF Imeson, D Jones, RJ TI Nanoscience and nanotechnology: Materials revolution for the 21(st) century SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Farnborough, Hants, England. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 488AH UT WOS:000171911500007 ER PT J AU Carrino, JA Morrison, WB Zou, KH Steffen, RT Snearly, WN Murray, PM AF Carrino, JA Morrison, WB Zou, KH Steffen, RT Snearly, WN Murray, PM TI Noncontrast MR imaging and MR arthrography of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: prospective evaluation of two-dimensional pulse sequences for detection of complete tears SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ulnar collateral ligament; elbow ligaments; elbow injuries; magnetic resonance imaging, elbow; magnetic resonance imaging, ligaments; magnetic resonance imaging, pulse sequences ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; THROWING ATHLETE; BASEBALL PLAYERS; RADIOLOGISTS; VARIABILITY; MAMMOGRAMS; INJURIES; CANCER AB Objective: To compare MR imaging techniques with differing contrast and spatial resolution for evaluation of complete disruption of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) anterior bundle in a cadaveric elbow model. Design: Complete UCL tears were surgically created at the typical location for clinical tears in eight of 28 fresh frozen cadaveric elbow specimens. All specimens underwent 1.5 T MR imaging in the oblique coronal plane, using an extremity coil. The sequences employed were: T1-weighted spin echo (T1 SE), proton density-weighted (PD) fast spin echo (FSE), fat-suppressed T2-weighted FSE (T2 FSE), gradient recalled echo (GRE) with a high matrix, PD FSE with a high matrix (HRPD), and fat suppressed T1-weighted SE with intra-articular gadolinium (MRAr). Two radiologists independently graded the UCL with separate and side-by-side assessments. Results: Sensitivity/specificity pairs were as follows for reader A and reader B, respectively: T1 SE: 0.25/0.95, 0.50/0.95; PD FSE: 0.38/1.00, 0.25/1.00; T2 FSE: 0.50/0.95, 0.63/0.95; GRE: 0.63/0.85, 0.63/0.60; MRAr: 0.88/1.00,1.00/0.80; HRPD: 0.50/1.00,0.88/0.80. Kappa statistics for measuring interobserver reliability for each sequence were poor under T1 SE (-0.13) and GRE (0.19), moderate under HRPD (0.41) and T2 FSE (0.44) and good under MRAr (0.62) and PD FSE (0.78). For both readers, the rating for overall image quality was highest for HR-PD, and the rating for UCL lesion conspicuity was the highest for MRAr. Conclusions: Of the MR imaging pulse sequences tested, MRAr showed the greatest ability to identify complete ligamentous injuries with good agreement between readers and had the highest subjective preference for lesion conspicuity. However, HRPD had the least interobserver variability and the highest subjective preference for overall image quality. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. TMC Adv Imaging, Glendale, AZ USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Carrino, JA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Radiol, 111 S 11th St,Suite 3390, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 30 IS 11 BP 625 EP 632 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 495YG UT WOS:000172367500004 PM 11810154 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Iarve, EV Ragland, W Zabinski, JS Donaldson, S AF Voevodin, AA Iarve, EV Ragland, W Zabinski, JS Donaldson, S TI Stress analyses and in-situ fracture observation of wear protective multilayer coatings in contact loading SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multilayer coating; tribological contact; stress model; fracture ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; CRACKING RESISTANCE; COMPOSITE PLATES; STRENGTH; FAILURE; NICKEL; FOILS AB A model was developed to describe stress distributions in hard multilayer coatings under applied contact load, simulating coating application for wear protection. Elastic deformations were considered and an algorithm was suggested to calculate normal and shear stress across the coating thickness for various numbers of layers and layer thickness. The model was applied to analyze contact stress in Ti-TiN multilayer coatings produced by vacuum are deposition. Calculated locations of maximum shear stress agreed well with locations of actual coating failures, which were studied in-situ using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A three-point bending test stage was designed for SEM observations of deformation and crack development under a cylindrical indenter. Results indicated that the highest shear stress occurs under the substrate/coating interface and that this region may plastically deform causing coating adhesive and cohesive failure. When using a multilayer coating design with 10 pairs, the peak stress was moved into the coating volume, reducing normal and shear stresses in the substrate by as much as 40 and 22%, respectively. A good correlation between computational and experimental studies verified the model applicability for optimizing the design of hard multilayer coatings in tribological contacts. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All ri his reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, 2941 P St Ste 1,WL MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01328-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 500UQ UT WOS:000172645500006 ER PT J AU Dixit, SJ Rai, AK Bhattacharya, RS Guha, S Wittberg, T AF Dixit, SJ Rai, AK Bhattacharya, RS Guha, S Wittberg, T TI Characterization of aluminum nitride thin films deposited by filtered cathodic arc process SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE aluminium nitride; thin films; filtered arc process ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; ALN AB Thin films of aluminum nitride (AlN) have been grown on silicon, and sapphire substrates, using a filtered cathodic arc deposition process. The process parameter, viz., gas pressure and substrate temperature were varied in order to investigate their influence on the microstructural and optical properties. The as-grown films have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, optical microscopy and UV visible spectroscopy. Smooth, stoichiometric films having nanocrystalline AlN grains were grown. In this paper, the microstructural and optical properties have been correlated with the deposition conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dixit, SJ (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 398 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01297-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 505GZ UT WOS:000172906200004 ER PT J AU Casebeer, WD AF Casebeer, WD TI Mind in everyday life and cognitive science SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Casebeer, WD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1364-6613 J9 TRENDS COGN SCI JI TRENDS COGN. SCI. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 5 IS 11 BP 501 EP 501 DI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01770-8 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 489NA UT WOS:000171996500013 ER PT J AU Amling, CL Kane, CJ Riffenburgh, RH Ward, JF Roberts, JL Lance, RS Friedrichs, PA Moul, JW AF Amling, CL Kane, CJ Riffenburgh, RH Ward, JF Roberts, JL Lance, RS Friedrichs, PA Moul, JW TI Relationship between obesity and race in predicting adverse pathologic variables in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; DIETARY-FAT; BODY-SIZE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; BLACKS; WHITES AB Objectives. To determine whether obesity is associated with more advanced prostate cancer (PCa) in radical prostatectomy patients and to explore the ethnic variability in body mass index (BMI) as a potential explanation for racial differences in PCa risk. Methods. A multi-institutional retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathologic parameters was performed on data from 860 patients with PCa undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 1998. Patient height and weight was used to calculate the BMI, which categorized patients into obese (BMI 30 kg/m(2) or greater), overweight (BMI 25 to 30 kg/m(2)), and normal (BMI 25 kg/m(2) or less) groups. Age, serum prostate-specific antigen level, pathologic stage, and Gleason score for each group were compared. The distribution of the BMI in each of four ethnic groups was also determined. Results. Of 860 patients, 171 (20%) were obese, 425 (49%) overweight, and 264 (31%) normal. The obese patients presented at a younger mean age (62 years, P = 0.001), had higher mean Gleason scores (6.7, P = 0.002), had a higher likelihood of Gleason score 7 or greater cancer (71 %, P = 0.003), and had a lower chance of organ-confined cancer (46%, P = 0.050). The BMI was highest in blacks, followed by whites and Asians, and blacks had significantly higher grade cancers (P = 0.045). In multiple logistic regression analysis of the BMI and race, only BMI remained an independent predictor of Gleason grade. Conclusions. Obese patients with PCa present for radical prostatectomy at a younger age with higher grade and more pathologically advanced cancers. Blacks have higher grade cancers than other ethnic groups and, at the same time, have significantly higher BMIs. These findings suggest that obesity may in part. account for the racial variability in PCa risk. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Tacoma, WA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, Dept Urol, 3400 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 2001 VL 58 IS 5 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01373-5 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 495GC UT WOS:000172331000022 PM 11711349 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Breslin, MC AF Chen, MY Breslin, MC TI Friction behavior of co-continuous alumina/aluminum composites with and without SiC reinforcement SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE co-continuous composites; alumina/aluminum; friction and wear ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; WEAR-MECHANISM MAPS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS AB Co-continuous alumina/aluminum composite materials with excellent physical and mechanical properties offer great potentials for lightweight, wear resistant, and high-temperature applications. Composite materials prepared from a liquid-phase displacement reaction, present a unique microstructure in which each phase is a continuous network penetrated by the network of the other constituent. The frictional and wear effects of adding SiC particulate to the co-continuous composite, as well as the application Of MoS2 coatings were examined. Pin-on-disc experiments were performed between 440C stainless steel balls and composite disc samples of alumina/aluminum at 0.2 m/s sliding velocity, with loads of 0.25 and 0.75 N. Microstructural analysis of the composites, wear scar analysis on the composite discs, and material transfer to the steel balls were examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope. The coefficients of friction obtained from the Al2O3/Al composites with and without the SiC particulate reinforcements were correspondingly 0.9 and 0.7 at 60 m sliding distance. Transfer of aluminum to the steel counterface was not observed and the debris consisted mostly of iron oxide for all tests without the MoS2 coatings. The friction coefficients dropped to 0.1 when the composite surface was burnished with a MoS2 coating. The SiC particulate-reinforced Al2O3/Al ONNEX composites showed higher wear resistance and caused a lower wear rate on the steel counterface than the unreinforced Al2O3/Al ONNEX composite. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. BFD Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Bldg 654,2941 P St,Rm 141, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD NOV PY 2001 VL 249 IS 10-11 BP 868 EP 876 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00812-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 486WY UT WOS:000171841000005 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Umstattd, R Clark, MC Luginsland, J Zagar, D Sena, M AF Shiffler, D Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Umstattd, R Clark, MC Luginsland, J Zagar, D Sena, M TI Emission uniformity and emission area of explosive field emission cathodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER AB Explosive field emission cathodes have been used extensively in high power microwave tubes. These cathodes emit electrons without the use of cathode heaters. Recently, some theoretical and simulation work has been performed to gain further understanding of the physics of these cathodes. The purpose of this letter is to provide the experimental background and justification for the theoretical work. The general idea of how explosive field emission cathodes operate is that plasma is rapidly formed, which provides the sea of electrons for space charge limited flow. However, recent theoretical and experimental work suggests edge effects, rather than plasma formation across the entire emission area, can also provide the same effect. In this letter we review three types of cathodes which have been tested. We provide optical data on the cathode emission uniformity as well as the electrical data for the same devices. In particular, we find that a large percentage of the cathode can fail to take part in the emission process and yet the voltage and current can appear identical from the case in which the entire cathode contributes electrons to the emission process. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Tech Matters, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 18 BP 2871 EP 2873 DI 10.1063/1.1415408 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484ZM UT WOS:000171726300003 ER PT J AU Bussjager, RJ Hayduk, MJ Johns, ST Taylor, EW AF Bussjager, RJ Hayduk, MJ Johns, ST Taylor, EW TI Gamma-ray induced pulsewidth broadening and power loss in modelocked Er-doped fibre laser SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FIBERS; RADIATION; AMPLIFIERS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Int Photon Consultants, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Bussjager, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 22 BP 1324 EP 1325 DI 10.1049/el:20010904 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 488NT UT WOS:000171943100006 ER PT J AU Davis, MR Ortegon, DP Kerby, JD Ignarro, LJ Kashyap, VS AF Davis, MR Ortegon, DP Kerby, JD Ignarro, LJ Kashyap, VS TI Endothelial dysfunction following arterial thrombosis is ameliorated by L-arginine coupled thrombolysis SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 883 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895000878 ER PT J AU Shry, EA Van de Graaff, E Frederick, PD Every, N Littrell, K Cheeks, M Steinhubl, SR AF Shry, EA Van de Graaff, E Frederick, PD Every, N Littrell, K Cheeks, M Steinhubl, SR TI Risk factors for in-hospital non-hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident with acute myocardial infarction: An analysis of 537,444 patients from the NRMI 3 database. SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Ovat Res Grp, Highland Pk, IL USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 2293 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895002275 ER PT J AU Marso, SP Van Lente, F Bliven, BD McErlean, ES Cannata, R Steinhubl, SR AF Marso, SP Van Lente, F Bliven, BD McErlean, ES Cannata, R Steinhubl, SR TI Is insulin resistance linked with post-PCI outcomes?: Results from CREDO-IRS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St Lukes Hosp, Kansas City, MO USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. St Lukes Hosp, Mid Amer Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 3317 BP 703 EP 703 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895003290 ER PT J AU Gotto, AM Downs, JR Clearfield, M Weis, S Kruyer, WB Whitney, E Stein, EA AF Gotto, AM Downs, JR Clearfield, M Weis, S Kruyer, WB Whitney, E Stein, EA TI Follow-up of the Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) cohort: Persistent benefit with lovastatin treatment SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Heart & Vasc Inst Texas, San Antonio, TX USA. Med Res Lab, Highland Hts, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 3851 BP 824 EP 824 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895003821 ER PT J AU Ridker, PM Rifai, N Miles, JS Downs, JR Clearfield, M Gotto, A Cook, TJ Weis, S Langendorfer, A Beere, PA AF Ridker, PM Rifai, N Miles, JS Downs, JR Clearfield, M Gotto, A Cook, TJ Weis, S Langendorfer, A Beere, PA TI Relation between baseline homocysteine levels and risk of acute major coronary events in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, Coll Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Merck, W Point, PA USA. Merck, Blue Bell, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 3907 BP 836 EP 836 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895003877 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Dennis, CL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF Vaia, RA Dennis, CL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ TI One-step, micrometer-scale organization of nano- and mesoparticles using holographic photopolymerization: A generic technique SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; LITHOGRAPHY; POLYMER; FILMS; DNA; MANIPULATION AB Holographic photopolymerization is a flexible, simple, one-step technique to create defect-free, sub-micrometer patterns of particles over large dimensions. These permanent structures can be formed in a matter of seconds. The resulting, Bragg gratings exhibit substantial diffraction efficiencies. The Figure shows a cross-sectional fracture surface of a transmission grating formed using clay powder. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, 3005 P St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 16 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 20 BP 1570 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-4095(200110)13:20<1570::AID-ADMA1570>3.0.CO;2-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 485KV UT WOS:000171754300011 ER PT J AU Freiler, JF Durning, SJ Ender, PT AF Freiler, JF Durning, SJ Ender, PT TI Clostridium difficile small bowel enteritis occurring after total colectomy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS ENTERITIS; COLITIS; DISEASE AB Clostridium difficile infection is usually associated with antibiotic therapy and is almost always limited to the colonic mucosa. Small bowel enteritis is rare: only 9 cases have been previously cited in the literature. This report describes a case of C. difficile small bowel enteritis that occurred in a patient after total colectomy and reviews the 9 previously reported cases of C. difficile enteritis. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MDOS SGOMI 74, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Freiler, JF (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MDOS SGOMI 74, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1429 EP 1431 DI 10.1086/322675 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476NZ UT WOS:000171235600026 PM 11565085 ER PT J AU Chavez, JR Devine, RAB Koltunski, L AF Chavez, JR Devine, RAB Koltunski, L TI Evidence for hole and electron trapping in plasma deposited ZrO2 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have observed electron and hole trapping phenomena in thin films of ZrO2 obtained by plasma assisted deposition. Limited thickness dependent measurements suggest that the holes are trapped uniformly through the film while the electrons trap at the ZrO2/Si interface. Relaxation of the trapped holes occurs rapidly after removal of negative stress (similar to 90% in 15 min), while electron relaxation postpositive stress occurs more slowly (similar to 10% in 100 min). Cycling between states of positive trapped charge and negative trapped charge by application of the appropriate stressing voltage was observed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Chavez, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 8 BP 4284 EP 4286 DI 10.1063/1.1401796 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 482EP UT WOS:000171562100090 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME Tam, S AF Fajardo, ME Tam, S TI Observation of the cyclic water hexamer in solid parahydrogen SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE-SELECTED WATER; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID-HELIUM; AB-INITIO; CLUSTERS; SPECTRA AB We present infrared (IR) absorption spectra of cryogenic parahydrogen solids doped with small water clusters. We observe a sequence of peaks shifted to the red by approximate to 15 cm(-1) from the absorptions of cyclic water clusters in liquid helium droplets [K. Nauta and R. E. Miller, Science 287, 293 (2000)]; this sequence includes the peak due to the cyclic isomer of the water hexamer: cyc-(H2O)(6). We believe this is only the second spectroscopic observation of isolated cyc-(H2O)(6), and the first report of the IR spectrum of the isolated cluster in the solid phase. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, PRSP, Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 15 BP 6807 EP 6810 DI 10.1063/1.1410940 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 478ZY UT WOS:000171380500001 ER PT J AU Tan, LS Simko, SR Bai, SJ Vaia, RA Taylor, BE Houtz, MD Alexander, MD Spry, RJ AF Tan, LS Simko, SR Bai, SJ Vaia, RA Taylor, BE Houtz, MD Alexander, MD Spry, RJ TI Phase-separated, conducting composites from polyaniline and benzobisthiazole rigid-rod polymer SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polyaniline; poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT); conducting composites; conducting blends; rigid-rod polymers; TEM; percolation; critical concentration; critical exponent ID AROMATIC BENZAZOLE POLYMERS; POLY(P-PHENYLENEBENZOBISTHIAZOLE); PERCOLATION; MEMBRANES; COMPLEXES; TRANSPORT AB As an alternative method for processing polyaniline (PANI) from its conducting (protonated) state, vacuum casting of PANI from a methanesulfonic acid (MSA) solution provided films with electrical conductivity values of about 130-150 S/cm. In addition, we similarly prepared blended films of PANI.MSA and poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT). This process eliminated the need for a subsequent protonation step and had the additional advantage that the conjugated PBZT may provide alternative conducting pathways. Conductivity values of the composite films ranged from 100 pS/cm to 124 S/cm, and the films displayed critical concentration behavior with a PANI threshold concentration of 2.75% and a critical exponent of 4. Transmission electron micrographs displayed phase-separated regions with PANI forming a continuous network at high concentrations. Thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated the thermal and thermooxidative stability advantage of the blends due to the PBZT component. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, MLBP,AFRL,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, MLBP,AFRL,Polymer Branch, 2941 P St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 20 BP 2539 EP 2548 DI 10.1002/polb.1224 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 478ND UT WOS:000171351500020 ER PT J AU Guha, S AF Guha, S TI Validity of the paraxial approximation in the focal region of a small-f-number lens SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB For small-f-number lenses, whereas the paraxial approximation cannot be used for a description of propagation of light from the lens to the focal region, it is shown that the approximation is still valid for propagation of light over relatively small distances in the region near the focus. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPJ, Suite 1,3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 20 BP 1598 EP 1600 DI 10.1364/OL.26.001598 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 481ZZ UT WOS:000171551500022 PM 18049675 ER PT J AU Lloyd, S Shahriar, MS Shapiro, JH Hemmer, PR AF Lloyd, S Shahriar, MS Shapiro, JH Hemmer, PR TI Long distance, unconditional teleportation of atomic states via complete Bell state measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; QUANTUM STATE; CHANNELS; ENTANGLEMENT AB We propose a scheme for creating and storing quantum entanglement over long distances. Optical cavities that store this long-distance entanglement in atoms could then function as nodes of a quantum network, in which quantum information is teleported from cavity to cavity. The teleportation is conducted unconditionally via measurements of all four Bell states, using a novel method of sequential elimination. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 23 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 16 AR 167903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.167903 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 483LP UT WOS:000171637100058 PM 11690245 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Daprato, RC Nishino, SF Spain, JC Hughes, JB AF Zhang, CL Daprato, RC Nishino, SF Spain, JC Hughes, JB TI Remediation of dinitrotoluene contaminated soils from former ammunition plants: soil washing efficiency and effective process monitoring in bioslurry reactors SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE soil washing; process monitoring; bioslurry reactor; explosives; nitroaromatic compounds; 2,4-dinitrotoluene; 2,6-dinitrotoluene ID 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION AB A pilot-scale bioslurry system was used to test the treatment of soils highly contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT). The treatment scheme involved a soil-washing process followed by two sequential aerobic slurry reactors augmented with 2,4-DNT-and 2,6-DNT-mineralizing bacteria. Test soils were obtained from two former army ammunition plants, the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant (VAAP, Chattanooga, TN) and the Badger Army Ammunition Plant (BAAP, Baraboo, WI). Soil washing was used to minimize operational problems in slurry reactors associated with large particulates. The Eimco, slurry reactors were operated in a draw-and-fill mode for 3 months and were monitored for the biodegradation of 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT, nitrite production, NaOH consumption, and oxygen uptake rate. Results show that soil washing was very effective for the removal of sands and the recovery of soil fines containing 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT. Bioslurry reactors offered rapid and nearly complete degradation of both DNT isomers, but require real time monitoring to avoid long lag periods upon refeeding. Results found a significant discrepancy between the measured DNT concentrations and calculated DNT concentrations in the slurry reactors because of solids profiles in the slurry reactors and the presence of floating crystal of DNTs. Based on the actual amount of dinitrotoluene degradation, nitrite release, NaOH consumption, and oxygen uptake were close to the theoretical stoichiometric coefficients of complete DNT mineralization. Such stoichiometric relationships were not achieved if the calculation was based on the measured DNT concentrations due to the heterogeneity of DNT in the reactor. Results indicate that nitrite release, NaOH consumption, and oxygen uptake rates provide a fast assessment of 2,4-DNT degradation and microbial activity in a slurry reactor, but could not be extended to a second reactor in series where the degradation of a much lower concentration of 2,6-DNT degradation was achieved. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston Clear Lake, Sch Nat & Appl Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. MLQL, Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hughes, JB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM hughes@rice.edu RI Zhang, Chunlong/N-2564-2014 OI Zhang, Chunlong/0000-0003-4782-5424 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT 12 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1-3 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00240-0 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476CE UT WOS:000171208000009 PM 11566406 ER PT J AU Dinh, HKB Zhao, BT Schuschereba, ST Merrill, G Bowman, PD AF Dinh, HKB Zhao, BT Schuschereba, ST Merrill, G Bowman, PD TI Gene expression profiling of the response to thermal injury in human cells SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE cDNA arrays; retinal cell culture; ARPE-19 cells; heat shock protein; thermal injury ID STIMULATORY FACTOR NKSF/IL-12; STRESS PROTEIN EXPRESSION; TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; PROSTAGLANDIN A(1); OXIDATIVE STRESS; HERBIMYCIN-A; RAT RETINA; INDUCTION; THERMOTOLERANCE AB The genetic response of human cells to sublethal thermal injury was assessed by gene expression profiling, using macroarrays containing 588 complementary known genes. At 1, 4, 8, and 24 h following thermal injury, RNA was isolated, and a cDNA copy was generated incorporating P-33 and hybridized to Atlas arrays. About one-fifth of the genes on the membrane exhibited a significant elevation or depression in expression (greater than or equal to2-fold) by 4 h posttreatment. Genes for heat shock proteins (HSPs) were upregulated as well as genes for transcription factors, growth regulation, and DNA repair. Cluster analysis was performed to assess temporal relationships between expression of genes. Translation of mRNA for some expressed genes, including HSP70 and HSP40, was corroborated by Western blotting. Gene expression profiling can be used to determine information about gene responses to thermal injury by retinal pigment epithelium cells following sublethal injury. The induction of gene expression following thermal injury involves a number of genes not previously identified as related to the stress response. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAF, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmaceut, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bowman, PD (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 481BV UT WOS:000171500000002 PM 11595787 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR AF Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR TI The effect of alpha platelet thickness on plastic flow during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V with a transformed microstructure SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE hot working; plastic; interface; titanium alloys ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; GLOBULARIZATION AB The effect of alpha platelet thickness on the plastic flow of Ti-6Al-4V with a transformed microstructure was established by conducting isothermal, hot compression tests at hot working temperatures on samples with identical crystallographic texture and beta grain size. Microstructures containing alpha laths/platelets ranging in thickness from approximately 0.4 to 10 mum were produced by various sequences consisting of hot rolling and heat treatment. Constant-strain-rate and strain-rate-jump compression tests were conducted at subtransus temperatures of 815, 900, and 955 degreesC in the strain rate regime between 10(-3) and 10 s(-1). The rate-jump tests suggested that plastic flow is controlled by a power-law creep (dislocation glide/climb) mechanism in all cases except the low-strain rate deformation of material with the thinnest alpha laths. All of the constant-strain-rate compression tests yielded flow curves consisting of a peak stress at low strains (less than or equal to0.03), extensive flow softening, and a steady-state flow stress at large strains. The peak stress results indicated a significant Hall-Petch dependence on alpha lath/platelet thickness at the two lower test temperatures. The magnitude of this dependence was predicted by the classical Eshelby expression for grain-size strengthening. In addition, a first-order analysis demonstrated that the observed flow softening is of the same magnitude as that which would be associated with the loss of Hall-Petch strengthening (due to alpha-beta interfaces) during hot working. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 25 TC 177 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 9 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 17 BP 3565 EP 3573 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00236-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 480DA UT WOS:000171445700017 ER PT J AU Kurtz, HA Devine, RAB AF Kurtz, HA Devine, RAB TI Role of bond coordination and molecular volume on the dielectric constant of mixed-oxide compounds SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GATE DIELECTRICS; ZIRCONIA; HAFNIUM; ZR AB First-principles calculations have been employed to study clusters of Zr embedded in SiO2. Stable complexes are found with four, six, and seven oxygens coordinated to the Zr atom. Consistent with experiment, the higher coordinated complexes are the most stable. These also have a higher density, and hence, smaller molar volume. This smaller molar volume provides an explanation of the increased dielectric constant of ZrxSi1-xO2 mixed-oxide systems for small amounts of Zr (x <0.3). An unusual sevenfold coordinated structure is described. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kurtz, HA (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 15 BP 2342 EP 2344 DI 10.1063/1.1409590 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 478RL UT WOS:000171359100012 ER PT J AU MacDonald, KF Fedotov, VA Zheludev, NI Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF MacDonald, KF Fedotov, VA Zheludev, NI Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ TI Structural phase transition as a mechanism for broadband, low-threshold reflectivity switching in gallium SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSE-RATE LASERS; LIQUEFYING GALLIUM; ULTRAFAST ABLATION AB We report that a nanoscale laser-induced structural phase transition involving just a few nanometers of gallium at an interface with silica can drive reversible changes in the optical properties of the interface in a very broad spectral range from 440 to 680 nm and beyond. At temperatures up to 15 degrees below the melting point of gallium (30 degreesC) 3 ns excitation pulses, with fluences of just a few mJ/cm(2), are sufficient to induce reflectivity increases of up to 40%. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP MacDonald, KF (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RI Zheludev, Nikolay/C-2284-2014; OI Zheludev, Nikolay/0000-0002-1013-6636; MacDonald, Kevin/0000-0002-3877-2976 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 15 BP 2375 EP 2377 DI 10.1063/1.1409335 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 478RL UT WOS:000171359100023 ER PT J AU Auret, FD Goodman, SA Hayes, M Legodi, MJ van Laarhoven, HA Look, DC AF Auret, FD Goodman, SA Hayes, M Legodi, MJ van Laarhoven, HA Look, DC TI The influence of high energy proton bombardment on the electrical and defect properties of single-crystal ZnO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Doping Issues in Wide Band-Gap Semiconductors CY MAR 21-23, 2001 CL UNIV EXETER, EXETER, ENGLAND HO UNIV EXETER ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; GROWN N-GAN; ZINC-OXIDE; ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DEEP LEVELS; TRAPS; IRRADIATION; VARISTOR AB We report on the electrical and defect characterization of Au Schottky diodes formed on single-crystal ZnO, before and after irradiating with high-energy (1.8 MeV) protons. Prior to bombardment we observed that several electron traps (E1-E4), with energies between 0.10 and 0.57 eV below the conduction band, are present in the ZnO. High-energy proton bombardment introduces two electron traps (Ep1 and Ep2), with extremely low introduction rates (eta) of 2.4 and 1.9 cm(-1), respectively. Schottky barrier properties such as the reverse leakage current deteriorated from I x 10(-9) A for an unirradiated diode to 1 X 10(-6) A after bombarding it with a dose of 4.2 x 10(14) cm(-2) protons. Compared to GaN we found that ZnO is remarkably resistant to high-energy proton bombardment. C1 Univ Pretoria, Dept Phys, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Auret, FD (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Phys, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RI Auret, Francois Danie/H-3512-2011 NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 8 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 40 BP 8989 EP 8999 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/13/40/315 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 495CQ UT WOS:000172323000016 ER PT J AU Peterson, P Gavrielides, A Sharma, MP AF Peterson, P Gavrielides, A Sharma, MP TI Extraction characteristics of a cw double-hexagonal Talbot cavity with stochastic propagation phase SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We solve the coupled cw electric field differential equations for an hexagonal array of ber gain elements all sharing a common monolithic Talbot cavity mirror. A threshold analysis shows that the lo est gains are nearly equal, within 10% of one another, and that one of these corresponds to an in-phase supermode. Above threshold we study the extraction characteristics as a function of the Talbot cavity length, and we also determine the optimum outcoupling reflectivity. These simulations show that the lasing mode is an in-phase solution. Lastly, we study extraction hen random linear propagation phases are present by using Monte Carlo techniques. This shows that the coherence function decreases as exp(-sigma (2)), and that the near-field intensity decreases faster as the rms phase sigma (2) increases. All of the above behaviors are strongly influenced by the hexagonal array rotational symmetry. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol,DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Peterson, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol,DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 8 PY 2001 VL 9 IS 8 BP 373 EP 385 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 480ML UT WOS:000171465100001 PM 19424355 ER PT J AU Arce, JC Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW Hemmers, O Wang, H Focke, P Sellin, IA Lindle, DW AF Arce, JC Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW Hemmers, O Wang, H Focke, P Sellin, IA Lindle, DW TI On the angular distributions of molecular photoelectrons: dipole cross-sections for fixed-in-space and randomly SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; K-SHELL; DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; MULTIPOLE CORRECTIONS; 1S PHOTOELECTRONS; N-2 MOLECULES; CO MOLECULES; LOW ENERGIES; PHOTOIONIZATION; APPROXIMATION AB New theoretical expressions are devised employing a dynamical perspective for photoionization cross-sections differential in electron ejection angles for both fixed-in-space and randomly oriented molecules, and comparisons made with K-shell ionization measurements in molecular nitrogen. Closed-form, cross-sectional expressions are obtained in the dipole limit in terms of molecular body-frame transition moments and related normalized angular-distribution amplitudes which can be calculated employing interaction-prepared states without reference to specific scattering boundary conditions, and which reduce to more familiar atomic expressions in appropriate limits. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Valle, Dept Quim, Cali, Colombia. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lund Univ, MAX Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM langhoff@drifter.sdsc.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2001 VL 346 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00920-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 481EQ UT WOS:000171507300023 ER PT J AU Serebruany, VL Cummings, CC Malinin, AI Steinhubl, SR Gurbel, PA AF Serebruany, VL Cummings, CC Malinin, AI Steinhubl, SR Gurbel, PA TI Uniform platelet activation exists before coronary stent implantation despite aspirin therapy SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; MAJOR RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; P-SELECTIN EXPRESSION; MULTIVESICULAR BODIES; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; PFA-100(TM) SYSTEM; GRANULE MEMBRANE; ALPHA-GRANULES; CELL-ADHESION AB Background Platelets play an important role in the natural history of coronary artery disease. Enhanced platelet aggregation and receptor expression unquestionably occur after coronary stent implantation; however, the functional characteristics of platelets before stenting have not been fully elucidated. Methods Platelets were assessed before intervention by platelet-rich plasma aggregation (PA) with 5 mu mol adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and I mug/mL collagen; whole blood aggregation (WBA) by 1 mug/mL collagen; shear-induced closure time (CT); contractile force (CF); and expression of 9 surface receptors by flow cytometry in 126 patients undergoing elective coronary artery stent placement. All patients received aspirin for at least 7 days. The data were compared with those from 64 healthy volunteers. Results Each test revealed sustained platelet activation in patients undergoing coronary stenting compared with control values. These differences were significant for collagen-induced PA (P = .031); CF (P = .0001); expression of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa (P = .0001); P-selectin (P = .0008); platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 (P = .0001); CD107a (P = .0001); CD107b (P = .0004); and CD63 (P = .009). Conclusion Platelets are indeed activated before coronary stenting despite antecedent therapy with aspirin. C1 Sinai Hosp, Thrombosis Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Serebruany, VL (reprint author), Sinai Hosp, Thrombosis Res Ctr, 2401 W Belvedere Ave,Room 202, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 142 IS 4 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1067/mhj.2001.116478 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 478JK UT WOS:000171343100008 PM 11579350 ER PT J AU Shaw, J Neuhauser, T Bee, C AF Shaw, J Neuhauser, T Bee, C TI The effect of iron deficiency on the expression of hemoglobin S in patients with sickle cell trait. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 116 IS 4 MA 56 BP 605 EP 606 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 478HW UT WOS:000171341800072 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Soderholm, KJM AF Dunn, WJ Soderholm, KJM TI Comparison of shear and flexural bond strength tests versus failure modes of dentin bonding systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS; ADHESIVE SYSTEMS; AGENTS; WATER AB Purpose: To (1) measure the shear and flexural bond strengths of three different bonding agents that use different application techniques, (2) determine whether the shear and flexural bond tests rank the three materials similarly, and (3) determine whether the fractured surface produced with the flexural test, facilitates studies of failures within the adhesive interphase region. Materials and Methods: Scotchbond NIP (SBMP), Single Bond (SNGB) and Clearfil SE (CLSE) were evaluated. For each material, 16 samples were bonded. Eight of these samples were bonded for shear testing and the other 8 samples for flexural bond strength testing. After the bonding was completed, all samples were stored in water at 37 degreesC for 30 days. Shear bond strength was measured using an orthodontic edge wire loop and flexural strength was measured using a 4-point bending device. The samples used for the flexural test consisted of 3 mm. x 3 mm x 20 nun beams in which center a I mm thick dentin wafer had been bonded perpendicularly to the length of the beam. An indentation with a microhardness tester was placed at one of the dentin-composite interfaces to serve as an induced flaw. This flaw was placed on the surface in tension during flexural testing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine each specimen and assign its failure mode. Percent occurrence of failure mode was determined for each material and overall for both test methods. When there was uncertainty regarding failure location, electron dispersive spectroscopy x-ray analysis was used to identify elements present on the fractured surface. Results: No significant difference (P > 0.05) in bond strength was observed within each test group, while significant differences (P < 0.05) existed between the two test methods (shear: SBMP= 21.2 +/- 4.0 Mpa, SNGB= 24.3 +/- 4.7 MPa, CLSE= 24.6 +/- 4.4 MPa; flexural strength: SBMP= 34.6 +/- 9.3 MPa, SNGB = 31.9 +/- 6.9 MPa, CLSE= 34.3 +/- 4.7 MPa). Shear bond test specimens failed mostly within dentin (54.2%), followed by failures within the adhesive interphase (41.6%), and failures in composite (4.2%). Flexural strength specimens failed mostly within the adhesive interphase (83.3%), followed by failure in composite (16.7%). Bond strengths were similar for all three adhesive systems within each test method group. Failure mode analysis revealed significant differences (P < 0.0001) among the two test methods. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Dept Dent Biomat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Soderholm, KJM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Dept Dent Biomat, Box J-100446, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE09597] NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 9859 IH-10 WEST, SUITE 107/489, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78230-2236 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 14 IS 5 BP 297 EP 303 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 497JN UT WOS:000172451900009 PM 11803994 ER PT J AU Tomassetti, JJ Taloumis, LJ Denny, JM Fischer, JR AF Tomassetti, JJ Taloumis, LJ Denny, JM Fischer, JR TI A comparison of 3 computerized Bolton tooth-size analyses with a commonly used method SO ANGLE ORTHODONTIST LA English DT Article DE Bolton; tooth-size analysis; Vernier calipers; QuickCeph; Hamilton Tooth Arch System (HATS); OrthoCad AB Four methods of conducting overall and anterior Bolton tooth-size analyses were compared using 22 (11 pretreatment and 11 posttreatment) sets of models. No more than 3 mm of crowding existed in any of the models, and all were in good condition. An analysis employing vernier calipers was completed 3 times to set a standard. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed a high degree of intra-operator reliability with mean R values of 0.930 and 0.843 for the overall and anterior discrepancies, respectively. The mean Vernier caliper results were compared with each of the following computerized methods: QuickCeph, Hamilton Arch Tooth System (HATS), and OrthoCad. No statistically significant error was present for any of the methods using repeated-measures analysis of variance testing and paired t-tests (p < .05). Clinically significant differences (>1.5 mm) were present for each method. Absolute differences were calculated, and linear regression and R values were determined. The HATS analysis had the highest degree of correlation (R = 0.885 for overall and 0.825 for anterior), followed by OrthoCad (R = 0.715, 0.574), and QuickCeph (R = 0.432, 0.439). Each method also was compared based on the time required to complete each analysis. The QuickCeph was the fastest (1.85 minutes) followed by HATS (3.40 minutes), OrthoCad (5.37 minutes), and Vernier caliper (8.06 min). C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Triserv Orthodont Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tomassetti, JJ (reprint author), CMR 431,Box 2023, APO, AE 09175 USA. NR 11 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU ANGLE ORTHODONTISTS RES EDUC FOUNDATION INC PI APPLETON PA 100 W LAWRENCE ST, SUITE 406,, APPLETON, WI 54911 USA SN 0003-3219 J9 ANGLE ORTHOD JI Angle Orthod. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 71 IS 5 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 479AD UT WOS:000171381000006 PM 11605868 ER PT J AU Lockwood, M Opgenoorth, H van Eyken, AP Fazakerley, A Bosqued, JM Denig, W Wild, JA Cully, C Greenwald, R Lu, G Amm, O Frey, H Stromme, A Prikryl, P Hapgood, MA Wild, MN Stamper, R Taylor, M McCrea, I Kauristie, K Pulkkinen, T Pitout, F Balogh, A Dunlop, M Reme, H Behlke, R Hansen, T Provan, G Eglitis, P Morley, SK Alcayde, D Blelly, PL Moen, J Donovan, E Engebretson, M Lester, M Watermann, J Marcucci, MF AF Lockwood, M Opgenoorth, H van Eyken, AP Fazakerley, A Bosqued, JM Denig, W Wild, JA Cully, C Greenwald, R Lu, G Amm, O Frey, H Stromme, A Prikryl, P Hapgood, MA Wild, MN Stamper, R Taylor, M McCrea, I Kauristie, K Pulkkinen, T Pitout, F Balogh, A Dunlop, M Reme, H Behlke, R Hansen, T Provan, G Eglitis, P Morley, SK Alcayde, D Blelly, PL Moen, J Donovan, E Engebretson, M Lester, M Watermann, J Marcucci, MF TI Coordinated Cluster, ground-based instrumentation and low-altitude satellite observations of transient poleward-moving events in the ionosphere and in the tail lobe SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; polar cap phenomena; solar wind; magnetosphere interactions; magnetosphere; ionosphere interactions ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; ELECTRON-DENSITY PATCHES; PULSED MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; SVALBARD RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DAYSIDE AURORAL ACTIVITY; CUSP ION PRECIPITATION; CUTLASS FINLAND RADAR; SOLAR-WIND; POLAR-CAP AB During the interval between 8:00-9:30 on 14 January 2001, the four Cluster spacecraft were moving from the central magnetospheric lobe, through the dusk sector mantle, on their way towards intersecting the magnetopause near 15:00 MLT and 15:00 UT. Throughout this interval, the EIS-CAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) at Longyearbyen observed a series of poleward-moving transient events of enhanced F-region plasma concentration ("polar cap patches"), with a repetition period of the order of 10 min. Allowing for the estimated solar wind propagation delay of 75 ( 5) min, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) had a southward component during most of the interval. The magnetic footprint of the Cluster spacecraft, mapped to the ionosphere using the Tsyganenko T96 model (with input conditions prevailing during this event), was to the east of the ESR beams. Around 09:05 UT, the DMSP-F12 satellite flew over the ESR and showed a sawtooth cusp ion dispersion signature that also extended into the electrons on the equatorward edge of the cusp, revealing a pulsed magnetopause reconnection. The consequent enhanced ionospheric flow events were imaged by the SuperDARN HF backscatter radars. The average convection patterns (derived using the AMIE technique on data from the magnetometers, the EISCAT and SuperDARN radars, and the DMSP satellites) show that the associated poleward-moving events also convected over the predicted footprint of the Cluster spacecraft. Cluster observed enhancements in the fluxes of both electrons and ions. These events were found to be essentially identical at all four spacecraft, indicating that they had a much larger spatial scale than the satellite separation of the order of 600 km. Some of the events show a correspondence between the lowest energy magnetosheath electrons detected by the PEACE instrument on Cluster (10-20 eV) and the topside ionospheric enhancements seen by the ESR (at 400-700 km). We suggest that a potential barrier at the magnetopause, which prevents the lowest energy electrons from entering the magnetosphere, is reduced when and where the boundary-normal magnetic field is enhanced and that the observed polar cap patches are produced by the consequent enhanced precipitation of the lowest energy electrons, making them and the low energy electron precipitation fossil remnants of the magnetopause reconnection rate pulses. C1 Space Sci & Technol Dept, Solar Terr Phys Div, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton, Hants, England. Swedish Inst Space Phys, IRF, Uppsala, Sweden. EISCAT Sci Assoc, Svalbard, Norway. Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey, England. CESR, Toulouse, France. Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Remote Sensing Grp, Laurel, MD USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Tromso, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. Ctr Commun Res, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, London, England. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN USA. Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arctic Geophys, Univ Courses Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. RP Lockwood, M (reprint author), Space Sci & Technol Dept, Solar Terr Phys Div, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. RI Morley, Steven/A-8321-2008; Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; Lockwood, Mike/G-1030-2011; Hapgood, Mike/D-6269-2014; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Cully, Christopher/P-2539-2016; OI Greenwald, Raymond/0000-0002-7421-5536; Wild, James/0000-0001-8025-8869; Morley, Steven/0000-0001-8520-0199; Lockwood, Mike/0000-0002-7397-2172; Hapgood, Mike/0000-0002-0211-0241; Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 NR 96 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1589 EP 1612 PN 2 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 582ZW UT WOS:000177381900011 ER PT J AU Pitout, F Bosqued, JM Alcayde, D Denig, WR Reme, H AF Pitout, F Bosqued, JM Alcayde, D Denig, WR Reme, H TI Observations of the cusp region under northward IMF SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; plasma convection; ionosphere; polar ionosphere ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOW-LATITUDE RECONNECTION; DAYSIDE CONVECTION; AURORAL FORMS; POLAR CUSP; SOLAR-WIND; SIGNATURES; MAGNETOPAUSE; ORIENTATION; IONOSPHERE AB We present a comparative study of the cusp region using the EISCAT Svalbard Radars (ESR) and the Cluster spacecraft. We focus in this paper on 2 February 2001, over the time period from 07:30 UT to 12:00 UT when the oblique ESR antenna pointing northward at a low elevation recorded latitudinal motions of the cusp region in response to the IMF. Meanwhile, the Cluster satellites were flying over the EISCAT Svalbard Radar field-of-view around local magnetic noon. The spacecraft first flew near ESR, north-east of Svalbard and then passed over the field-of-view of the antenna at about 11:30 UT. From 08:00 UT to 09:00 UT, the IMF remains primarily southward yet several variations in the Z-component are seen to move the cusp. Around 09:00 UT, an abrupt northward turning of the IMF moves the cusp region to higher latitudes. As a result, the Cluster satellites ended up in the northernmost boundary of the high-altitude cusp region where the CIS instrument recorded highly structured plasma due to ion injections in the lobe of the magnetosphere. After 09:00 UT, the IMF remains northward for more than two hours. Over this period, the ESR records sunward plasma flow in the cusp region due to lobe reconnection, while Cluster spacecraft remain in the high-altitude cusp. C1 Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Hanscom AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Pitout, F (reprint author), Swedish Inst Space Phys, Box 537, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1641 EP 1653 PN 2 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 582ZW UT WOS:000177381900013 ER PT J AU Moen, J Holtet, JA Pedersen, A Lybekk, B Svenes, K Oksavik, K Denig, WF Lucek, E Soraas, F Andre, M AF Moen, J Holtet, JA Pedersen, A Lybekk, B Svenes, K Oksavik, K Denig, WF Lucek, E Soraas, F Andre, M TI Cluster boundary layer measurements and optical observations at magnetically conjugate sites SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; particle precipitation; magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; magnetopause; cusp and boundary layers ID POLAR-CAP BOUNDARY; AURORAL FORMS; CUSP AURORA; FIELD; SIGNATURES; IMF; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; ELECTRON; DYNAMICS AB The Cluster spacecraft experienced several boundary layer encounters when flying outbound from the magnetosphere to the magnetosheath in the dusk sector on 14 January 2001. The dayside boundary layer was populated by magnetosheath electrons, but not with quite as high densities as in the magnetosheath itself. The Cluster ground track was calculated using the Tsyganenko-96 model which appears to be a strong tool for combining high-altitude satellite and ground observations, given that the solar wind conditions are known. This paper focuses on identifying auroral responses corresponding to boundary layer dynamics observed by Cluster. The first boundary layer encounter studied was a brief visit into a closed LLBL, most likely due to a boundary wave that travelled tailward over the spacecraft. A corresponding equatorward and eastward movement was seen in the post-noon aurora between Greenland and Svalbard. The second boundary encounter was in a high-latitude cusp, and occurred as a consequence of a transient reconfiguration of the cusp. The cusp expanded duskward over the spacecraft into the late post-noon sector. NOAA-12 probed the 16:30 MLT sector of this auroral activity, and measured a 1.4 keV electron beam located poleward of the 30 keV electron-trapping boundary. A sequence of three moving auroral forms emanating from this active region are likely candidates for flux transfer events. The auroral signatures are discussed in relation to earlier observations, and appear to be an example of accelerated electrons/discrete post-noon aurora on open magnetic field lines. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Arctic Geophys, Univ Courses Svalbard, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Norway. Norwegian Def Res Estab, Div Elect, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Hanscom AFB, Space Vehicle Directorate, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Moen, J (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1655 EP 1668 PN 2 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 582ZW UT WOS:000177381900014 ER PT J AU Kauristie, K Pulkkinen, TI Amm, O Viljanen, A Syrjasuo, M Janhunen, P Massetti, S Orsini, S Candidi, M Watermann, J Donovan, E Prikryl, P Mann, IR Eglitis, P Smiths, C Denig, WF Opgenoorth, HJ Lockwood, M Dunlop, M Vaivads, A Andre, M AF Kauristie, K Pulkkinen, TI Amm, O Viljanen, A Syrjasuo, M Janhunen, P Massetti, S Orsini, S Candidi, M Watermann, J Donovan, E Prikryl, P Mann, IR Eglitis, P Smiths, C Denig, WF Opgenoorth, HJ Lockwood, M Dunlop, M Vaivads, A Andre, M TI Ground-based and satellite observations of high-latitude auroral activity in the dusk sector of the auroral oval SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interaction magnetospheric physics; auroral phenomena; solar wind; magnetosphere interactions ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; TRAVELING CONVECTION VORTICES; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; WAVE-GUIDE MODES; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; SOLAR-WIND; LINE RESONANCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ALFVEN WAVES AB On 7 December 2000, during 13:30-15:30 UT the MIRACLE all-sky camera at Ny Alesund observed auroras at high-latitudes (MLAT similar to 76) simultaneously when the Cluster spacecraft were skimming the magnetopause in the same MLT sector (at similar to 16:00-18:00 MLT). The location of the auroras (near the ionospheric convection reversal boundary) and the clear correlation between their dynamics and IMF variations suggests their close relationship with R1 currents. Consequently, we can assume that the Cluster spacecraft were making observations in the magnetospheric region associated with the auroras, although exact magnetic conjugacy between the ground-based and satellite observations did not exist. The solar wind variations appeared to control both the behaviour of the auroras and the magnetopause dynamics. Auroral structures were observed at Ny Alesund especially during periods of negative IMF B-Z. In addition, the Cluster spacecraft experienced periodic (T similar to 4 - 6 min) encounters between magnetospheric and magnetosheath plasmas. These undulations of the boundary can be interpreted as a consequence of tailward propagating magnetopause surface waves. Simultaneous dusk sector ground-based observations show weak, but discernible magnetic pulsations (Pc 5) and occasionally periodic variations (T - 2 - 3 min) in the high-latitude auroras. In the dusk sector, Pc 5 activity was stronger and had characteristics that were consistent with a field line resonance type of activity. When IMF BZ stayed positive for a longer period, the auroras were dimmer and the spacecraft stayed at the outer edge of the magnetopause where they observed electromagnetic pulsations with T similar to 1 min. We find these observations interesting especially from the viewpoint of previously presented studies relating poleward-moving high-latitude auroras with pulsation activity and MHD waves propagating at the magnetospheric boundary layers. C1 Finnish Meteorol Inst, Geophys Res Div, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Consiglio Nazl Ric, Rome, Italy. Danish Meteorol Inst, Solar Terr Phys Div, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Ctr Commun Res, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE USA. Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. RP Kauristie, K (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Geophys Res Div, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; Syrjasuo, Mikko/E-5088-2012; Lockwood, Mike/G-1030-2011; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; OI Lockwood, Mike/0000-0002-7397-2172; Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Massetti, Stefano/0000-0002-7767-1334; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155; Vaivads, Andris/0000-0003-1654-841X NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1683 EP 1696 PN 2 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 582ZW UT WOS:000177381900016 ER PT J AU Orme, D Ree, MJ Rioux, P AF Orme, D Ree, MJ Rioux, P TI Premorbid IQ estimates from a multiple aptitude test battery - Regression vs. equating SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE premorbid; intelligence; brain injuries; aerospace medicine; psychometrics ID INTELLIGENCE; ABILITY AB Estimation of premorbid abilities remains an integral part of neuropsychological evaluations. Several methods of indirect estimation have been suggested in the literature. Many of these methods are based in prediction via linear regression. Unfortunately, linear regression has the well-reported tendency to underpredict high IQ scores and overpredict low IQ scores. This can be shown to be an unavoidable statistical artifact of linear regression. We demonstrate a procedure to estimate premorbid IQ without the regression artifact. The procedure has two steps: confirmation of construct equivalence and psychometric equating. An example using real data is presented which shows the regression to the mean problem with prediction and compares it to the results from equating. (C) 2001 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. Metrica Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Orme, D (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1016/S0887-6177(00)00091-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 473RK UT WOS:000171061700005 PM 14589786 ER PT J AU Budney, AJ Hughes, JR Moore, BA Novy, PL AF Budney, AJ Hughes, JR Moore, BA Novy, PL TI Marijuana abstinence effects in marijuana smokers maintained in their home environment SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT College Problems on Drug Dependence Conference CY JUN 19, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO ID SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS; CANNABINOID WITHDRAWAL; TOBACCO WITHDRAWAL; DEPENDENCE; SYMPTOMS; MODEL AB Background: Although withdrawal symptoms are commonly reported by persons seeking treatment for marijuana dependence, the validity and clinical significance of a marijuana withdrawal syndrome has not been established. This controlled outpatient study examined the reliability and specificity of the abstinence effects that occur when daily marijuana users abruptly stop smoking marijuana. Methods: Twelve daily marijuana smokers were assessed on 16 consecutive days during which they smoked marijuana as usual (days 1-5), abstained from smoking marijuana (days 6-8), returned to smoking marijuana (days 9-13), and again abstained from smoking marijuana (days 14-16). Results: An overall measure of withdrawal discomfort increased significantly during the abstinence phases and returned to baseline when marijuana smoking resumed. Craving for marijuana, decreased appetite, sleep difficulty, and weight loss reliably changed across the smoking and abstinence phases. Aggression, anger, irritability, restlessness, and strange dreams increased significantly during one abstinence phase, but not the other. Collateral observers confirmed participant reports of these symptoms. Conclusions: This study validated several specific effects of marijuana abstinence in heavy marijuana users, and showed they were reliable and clinically significant. These withdrawal effects appear similar in type and magnitude to those observed in studies of nicotine withdrawal. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Psychiat, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. USAF, Biomed Sci Corps, Minot, MD USA. RP Budney, AJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Psychiat, 54 W Twin Oaks Terr,Suite 9, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RI Moore, Brent/O-4867-2015 OI Moore, Brent/0000-0003-0123-6616 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01-DA12471, T32-DA07242]; PHS HHS [K02-00109] NR 39 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD OCT PY 2001 VL 58 IS 10 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.1001/archpsyc.58.10.917 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 478YB UT WOS:000171375400004 PM 11576029 ER PT J AU Dalton, SR Ririe, DW Neuhauser, TS AF Dalton, SR Ririe, DW Neuhauser, TS TI Pathologic quiz case - Cauda equina syndrome in a 65-year-old man, status post-bone marrow transplant for chronic myeloid leukemia - Extramedullary myeloid tumor (granulocytic sarcoma)/CML in myeloid blast crisis SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RELAPSE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dalton, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 125 IS 10 BP 1385 EP 1386 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 482JX UT WOS:000171574000028 PM 11570925 ER PT J AU Egan, MP Van Dyk, SD Price, SD AF Egan, MP Van Dyk, SD Price, SD TI MSX, 2MASS, and the large magellanic cloud: A combined near- and mid-infrared view SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : stellar content; infrared radiation; Local Group; Magellanic Clouds; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : carbon; stars : late-type; supergiants; surveys ID STARS; CATALOG; MODEL AB The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been observed by the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) in the mid-infrared and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) in the near-infrared. We have performed a cross-correlation of the 1806 MSX catalog sources and nearly 1.4 million 2MASS cataloged point and extended sources and find 1664 matches. Using the available color information, we identify a number of stellar populations and nebulae, including main-sequence stars, giant stars, red supergiants, carbon- and oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, planetary nebulae, H II regions, and other dusty objects likely associated with early-type stars. A total of 731 of these sources have no previous identification. We compile a listing of all objects, which includes photometry and astrometry. The 8.3 mum MSX sensitivity is the limiting factor for object detection : only the brighter red objects, specifically the red supergiants, AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and H II regions, are detected in the LMC. The remaining objects are likely in the Galactic foreground. The spatial distribution of the infrared LMC sources may contribute to understanding stellar formation and evolution and the overall galactic evolution. We demonstrate that a combined mid- and near-infrared photometric baseline provides a powerful means of identifying new objects in the LMC for future ground-based and space-based follow-up observations. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Egan, MP (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1844 EP 1860 DI 10.1086/323309 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 479TY UT WOS:000171420700016 ER PT J AU Hanson, EH Shue, PM Palm-Leis, A Rowley, RK AF Hanson, EH Shue, PM Palm-Leis, A Rowley, RK TI An aviator with cardiomyopathy and genetic susceptibility to hereditary hemochromatosis: A case report SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiomyopathy; hereditary hemochromatosis; HFE gene; left bundle branch block; genetic testing; pilot ID MUTATIONS AB A 44-yr-old male pilot was diagnosed with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, possibly as a complication of hereditary hemochromatosis, 8 yr after an acquired left bundle branch block was discovered on a routine ECG. Biochemical testing returned high levels of iron and percentage transferrin saturation, and genetic testing for hemochromatosis was remarkable for a heterozygous H63D mutation in the HFE gene on chromosome 6. Hereditary hemochromatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with cardiomyopathy and genetic testing for HFE gene variants influencing iron overload is now available as a clinical adjunct for diagnosis and patient management issues. Cardiomyopathy and symptomatic hemochromatosis are aeromedically disqualifying conditions in the U.S. Air Force; however, early identification of hereditary hemochromatosis susceptibility with biochemical or genetic diagnostic tests, followed by education in primary and secondary prevention, will prevent a significant proportion of the possible sequelae. C1 USAF, SAM, Air Force Residency Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, SAM, Aeromed Consult Serv Internal Med Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hanson, EH (reprint author), Osan AB Korea, PSC 3,Box 2541, APO, AP 96266 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 72 IS 10 BP 924 EP 927 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 479PK UT WOS:000171412600009 PM 11601557 ER PT J AU Mason, PA Walters, TJ DiGiovanni, J Beason, CW Jauchem, JR Dick, EJ Mahajan, K Dusch, SJ Shields, BA Merritt, JH Murphy, MR Ryan, KL AF Mason, PA Walters, TJ DiGiovanni, J Beason, CW Jauchem, JR Dick, EJ Mahajan, K Dusch, SJ Shields, BA Merritt, JH Murphy, MR Ryan, KL TI Lack of effect of 94 GHz radio frequency radiation exposure in an animal model of skin carcinogenesis SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HZ MAGNETIC-FIELD; POLYAMINE-BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES; MHZ RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INDUCED PRIMARY TUMORS; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; MOUSE-SKIN; SENCAR MICE; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS AB Although there is no evidence that electromagnetic energy in the radio frequency radiation (RFR) band is mutagenic, there have been suggestions that RFR energy might serve as either a promoter or co-promoter in some animal models of carcinogenesis. Recent developments in electromagnetic technology have resulted in the manufacture of RFR sources capable of generating frequencies in the millimeter wavelength (MMW) range (30-300 GHz). Because absorption of MMW energy occurs in the skin, it is to be expected that long-term detrimental health effects, if any, would most likely be manifest in the skin. In this study we investigated whether a single (1.0 W/cm(2) for 10 s) or repeated (2 exposures/week for 12 weeks, 333 mW/cm(2) for 10 s) exposure to 94 GHz RFR serves as a promoter or co-promoter in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced SENCAR mouse model of skin carcinogenesis. Neither paradigm of MMW exposure significantly affected papilloma development, as evidenced by a lack of effect on tumor incidence and multiplicity. There was also no evidence that MMW exposure served as a co-promoter in DMBA-induced animals repeatedly treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. Therefore, we conclude that exposure to 94 GHz RFR under these conditions does not promote or co-promote papilloma development in this animal model of skin carcinogenesis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Mason, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1701 EP 1708 DI 10.1093/carcin/22.10.1701 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 480ZD UT WOS:000171492500017 PM 11577012 ER PT J AU Peran, M Hicks, BW Peterson, NL Hooper, H Salas, R AF Peran, M Hicks, BW Peterson, NL Hooper, H Salas, R TI Lateral mobility and anchoring of recombinant GABA(A) receptors depend on subunit composition SO CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON LA English DT Article DE single particle tracking; fluorescence photobleach recovery; receptor mobility; cytoskeleton; anchoring ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; A RECEPTORS; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTORS; ALPHA-6 SUBUNIT; BETA-SUBUNITS; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; SURFACE EXPRESSION AB The clustering of type A gamma -aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR) at discrete and functionally significant domains on the nerve cell surface is an important determinant in the integration of synaptic inputs. To discern the role that the subunits of the GABAAR play in determining the receptor's cell surface topography and mobility, the alpha1, beta1, beta3, and gamma 2s subunits were transfected into COS7, HEK293, and PC12 cells and the distribution and cell surface mobility of these recombinant receptors were examined. Our results show that alpha1 subunits are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum while beta1 and gamma3 subunits are sorted to the plasma membrane where they form clusters. Co-expression and co-assembly of alpha1 and beta3 subunits result in the rescue of intracellular alpha1 subunits, which are transported as ap subunit complexes to the cell surface where they formed clusters. Fluorescence photobleach recovery and single particle tracking of recombinant receptors show that. despite clustering, beta3 subunit homooligomers are mobile within a cell surface domain. Inclusion of alpha1 in beta3 or beta3 gamma 2s complexes, however, dramatically reduces the receptor's lateral mobility in COS 7 and PC12 cells and anchors GABAARs on the cell surface, suggesting the formation of a direct link to a component of the cytoskeleton. The mobility of recombinant receptors that include the alpha1 subunit mirrors the mobility of GABA(A)Rs on cell bodies and dendrites of cortical and spinal cord neurons. The results suggest that incorporation of alpha1 subunits give rise to a population of GABA(A)Rs that are immobilized on the cell surface. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Div Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Malaga, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. N Cent Coll, Dept Biochem, Naperville, IL USA. Northumbria Univ, Sch Appl & Mol Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Salas, R (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Div Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Peran, Macarena/I-5225-2016 OI Peran, Macarena/0000-0001-7562-2347 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0886-1544 J9 CELL MOTIL CYTOSKEL JI Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton PD OCT PY 2001 VL 50 IS 2 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1002/cm.1043 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 489DL UT WOS:000171976700003 PM 11746674 ER PT J AU Zhang, CX Bunning, TJ Laine, RM AF Zhang, CX Bunning, TJ Laine, RM TI Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline silsesquioxanes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; SYSTEMS AB With the goal of developing diverse building blocks for nanocomposite materials, we have now learned to synthesize liquid crystalline materials by appending mesogenic groups to cubic silsesquioxane cores (LC cubes) via hydrosilylation of allyloxy functionalized mesogens (4, 5, 8, and 9) with octakis(dimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (Q(8)M(8)(H)). On average, hydrosilylation leads to cubes with an average of five LC groups attached, which differ from the more "regular", fully LC-substituted analogues reported previously. Despite the structural irregularity, three out of the four penta-LC-cube derivatives (II-IV) show LC transitions, with a tendency to form SmA. LC behavior was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ctr Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Macromol Sci, Ctr Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Laine, RM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ctr Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 33 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 3653 EP 3662 DI 10.1021/cm0100467 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 484AY UT WOS:000171669100053 ER PT J AU Lo, I Tsay, SF Chiang, JC Chang, YC Tu, LW Mitchel, WC AF Lo, I Tsay, SF Chiang, JC Chang, YC Tu, LW Mitchel, WC TI Hybridization of a two-dimensional electron-hole system in InAs/GaSb quantum wells SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSITIONS; SUBBAND; STATE; GAS AB We have performed Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) measurements on Type II InAs/GaSb quantum wells with different InAs layer thickness. A "blue shift" in the SdH frequency due to the suppression of the hybridized 2D electron-hole wave functions was observed. The "blue shift" is a direct evidence for the mixing of the InAs conduction band and the GaSb valence band. The results suggest that the e-X line observed in the far-infrared cyclotron-resonance spectrum originates from the conduction-valence Landau level the mixing effect. C1 Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lo, I (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC REPUBLIC CHINA PI TAIPEI PA CHINESE JOURNAL PHYSICS PO BOX 23-30, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 0577-9073 J9 CHINESE J PHYS JI Chin. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP L387 EP L392 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 485CD UT WOS:000171735200001 ER PT J AU Wang, D Zhang, WS Xiong, MH Yu, M Xu, JX AF Wang, D Zhang, WS Xiong, MH Yu, M Xu, JX TI CT virtual endoscopy of the auditory ossicular chain: clinical applications SO CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE middle ear; auditory ossicles; three-dimensional CT; virtual endoscopy AB Objective To evaluate the clinical applications and limitations of CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) in the auditory ossicular chain. Methods CTVE of the auditory ossicular chain was performed with 1.0 mm collimation at pitch 1.0, bone algorithm, 9.6 cm field of view, and 0.1 - 0.2 mm reconstruction interval in 40 patients with middle ear diseases. 30 cases were confirmed by surgery. Results were compared with the findings of axial high resolution CT (HRCT) and multiplanar reformation (MPR) images and surgery. Results The accuracy of CTVE images in detecting ossicular destruction was 92.6%, significantly higher than that of axial HRCT (83.9%) and multiplanar reformation (76.5%) images. CTVE could also clearly reveal the postoperative condition and congenital dysplasia of the auditory ossicular chain. Conclusions CTVE can clearly demonstrate a three-dimensional image of the auditory ossicular chain and is useful in evaluating diseases of the ear, especially the auditory ossicles. CTVE could not clearly demonstrate abnormal soft tissue within the tympanic cavity, abnormal changes of the tympanic membrane and tympanic walls, and could be easily influenced by artificial factors. C1 USAF, Gen Hosp, Dept CT & MRI, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USAF, Gen Hosp, Dept CT & MRI, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PI BEIJING PA 42 DONGSI XIDAJIE, BEIJING 100710, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0366-6999 J9 CHINESE MED J-PEKING JI Chin. Med. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 114 IS 10 BP 1015 EP 1018 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 482MT UT WOS:000171580500002 PM 11677756 ER PT J AU Lloyd, B Trexler, M Ender, P Vorndam, V Ireton, C Chambers, S AF Lloyd, B Trexler, M Ender, P Vorndam, V Ireton, C Chambers, S TI Infection with Wuchereria bancrofti and dengue virus among military members deployed to Haiti SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ctr Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. CDC, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 255 BP 1132 EP 1132 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900281 ER PT J AU Ascher, DP AF Ascher, DP TI Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis: Clinical failure of a multi-drug regimen SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 265 BP 1133 EP 1133 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900291 ER PT J AU Hannah, WN Ender, PT Dolan, MJ Ramsammy, L Ali, M Ramdat, RP Roach, C AF Hannah, WN Ender, PT Dolan, MJ Ramsammy, L Ali, M Ramdat, RP Roach, C TI Non-A, non-B hepatitis in a sexually transmitted disease clinic and blood bank population in Georgetown, Guyana SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Minist Hlth, Georgetown, Guyana. Georgetown Publ Hosp, Georgetown, Guyana. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 263 BP 1133 EP 1133 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900289 ER PT J AU Sjoberg, PA Neville, J Gaydos, JC Cogburn, CD Taylor, RI AF Sjoberg, PA Neville, J Gaydos, JC Cogburn, CD Taylor, RI TI Chlamydia trachomatis screening in men and women at 17 US Air Force (USAF) bases SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Grp 1, Langley AFB, VA USA. Air Force Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Med Grp 20, Shaw AFB, SC USA. USAF, Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 927 BP 1246 EP 1246 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900953 ER PT J AU Bonneau, RJ Meadows, HE AF Bonneau, RJ Meadows, HE TI A multiresolution Markov approach to model-based image compression SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Markov; wavelet; compression; model; image ID MULTISCALE AB Currently a large area of research is being devoted to content-based compression due to the JPEG-2000 and MPEG-7 requirements. Recently there has been much work in wavelet and fractal methods for texture and shape segmentation as well as data compression. While these methods do not give optimal least mean square noise performance for a given compression ratio, they contain implicit models for shape and texture coding as a natural part of the compression process. We thus develop an approach for wavelet fractal compression that incorporates these shape and texture models during quantization. Upon decoding, the model regions are preserved for visual or automatic inspection. Our compression models make use of the Mallat Gaussian derivative basis set and an implicit Markov shape and texture structure. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Bonneau, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 346 EP 358 DI 10.1006/dspr.2001.0495 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 485LH UT WOS:000171755500005 ER PT J AU Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Gibb, H Longfellow, D Thompson, C AF Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Gibb, H Longfellow, D Thompson, C TI The International Tissue and Tumor Repository for Chronic Arseniasis at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Enironm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Centeno, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 109 IS 10 BP A465 EP A465 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 487GF UT WOS:000171864800004 PM 11700620 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Jeffries, MA Cantu, NS Kadakia, SC AF Lawitz, EJ Jeffries, MA Cantu, NS Kadakia, SC CA Alamo Study Grp TI Pegylated interferon alfa 2b (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin for hepatitis C patients who were previous nonresponders to standard combination therapy: 24 week viral clearance. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 664 BP 338A EP 338A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224700659 ER PT J AU Soumekh, M Nobles, DA Wicks, MC Genello, GJ AF Soumekh, M Nobles, DA Wicks, MC Genello, GJ TI Signal processing of wide bandwidth and wide beamwidth P-3SAR data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; INVERSION; SAR AB This research is concerned with multidimensional signal processing and image formation with FOliage PENetrating (FOPEN) airborne radar data which were collected by a Navy P-3 ultra wideband (UWB) radar in 1995 [6, 11, 12]. The digital signal processors that were developed for the P-3 data commonly used a radar beamwidth angle that was limited to 35 deg [2, 8]. Provided that the P-3 radar beamwidth angle (after slow-time FIR filtering and 6: 1 decimation) was 35 deg, the P-3 signal aperture radar (SAR) system would approximately yield alias-free data in the slow-time Doppler domain. We provide an analysis here of the slow-time Doppler properties of the P-3 SAR system. This study indicates that the P-3 database possesses a 50 deg beamwidth angle within the entire [215, 730] MHz band of the P-3 radar. We show that the 50-degree beamwidth limit is imposed by the radar (radial) range swath gate; a larger beamwidth measurements would be possible with a larger range swath gate. The 50-degree beamwidth of the P-3 system results in slow-time Doppler aliasing within the frequency band of [444,730] MHz. We outline a slow-time processing of the P-3 data to minimize the Doppler aliasing. The images which are formed via this method are shown to be superior in quality to the images which are formed via the conventional P-3 processor [2]. In the presentation, we also introduce a method for converting the P-3 deramped (range-compressed) data into its alias-free baseband echoed data; the utility of this conversion for suppressing radio frequency interference (RFI) signals is shown. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. Black River Syst Co Inc, Utica, NY 13502 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Soumekh, M (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, 332 Bonner Hall, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. EM msoum@eng.buffalo.edu NR 23 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1141 DI 10.1109/7.976954 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 509MA UT WOS:000173150500001 ER PT J AU Huether, BM Gustafson, SC Broussard, RP AF Huether, BM Gustafson, SC Broussard, RP TI Wavelet preprocessing for high range resolution radar classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SHRINKAGE AB We develop a wavelet denoising scheme to aid an automatic target recognition (ATR) system in recognizing aircraft from high range resolution radar (HRR) signatures. A template matching classification technique is used with templates formed from synthetically generated signatures. The goal of the classification system is to achieve classification accuracy equivalent to that obtained with measured HRR signatures. Results suggest that a large portion of HRR signature content is nondiscriminatory. The wavelet denoising process removes the nondiscriminatory information, thereby leading to remarkable increases in classification accuracy. Results are shown for HRR signatures from six aircraft. C1 Natl Air Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT EN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Huether, BM (reprint author), Natl Air Intelligence Ctr, 4180 Watson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1332 DI 10.1109/7.976968 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 509MA UT WOS:000173150500015 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZP Repperger, DW Hill, DJ AF Jiang, ZP Repperger, DW Hill, DJ TI Decentralized nonlinear output-feedback stabilization with disturbance attenuation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE decentralized control; disturbance attenuation; input-to-state stability; large-scale nonlinear systems; output-feedback ID LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS; ADAPTIVE-CONTROL; UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS; H-INFINITY; STABILITY; ISS; TRACKING; DESIGN AB As a continuation of our recent work [2], this note addresses the problem of decentralized robust output-feedback stabilization with disturbance attenuation for large-scale systems with strong nonlinear interconnections. We target a first constructive solution to this decentralized control problem without requiring common matching and growth conditions appearing in the past literature. The proposed decentralized output-feedback laws achieve internal global asymptotic stability in the sense of Lyapunov and external stability in the sense of Sontag [21], [22]. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiang, ZP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM zjiang@control.poly.edu NR 25 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD OCT PY 2001 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1623 EP 1629 DI 10.1109/9.956061 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 481AA UT WOS:000171495000014 ER PT J AU Gajsek, P Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA AF Gajsek, P Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA TI Parametric dependence of SAR on permittivity values in a man model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dielectric values; dosimetry; electromagnetic fields (EMFs); finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); radio frequency ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES; TISSUES AB The development and widespread use of advanced three-dimensional digital anatomical models to calculate specific absorption rate (SAR) values in biological material has resulted in the need to understand how model parameters (e.g., permittivity value) affect the predicted whole-body and localized SAR values. The application of the man dosimetry model requires that permittivity values (dielectric value and conductivity) be allocated to the various tissues at all the frequencies to which the model will be exposed. In the 3-mm-resolution man model, the permittivity values for all 39 tissue-types were altered simultaneously for each orientation and applied frequency. In addition, permittivity values for muscle, fat, skin, and bone marrow were manipulated independently. The finite-difference time-domain code was used to predict localized and whole-body normalized SAR values. The model was processed in the far-field conditions at the resonant frequency (70 MHz) and above (200,400,918, and 2060 MHz) for E orientation. In addition, other orientations (K, H) of the model to the incident fields were used where no substantial resonant frequency exists. Variability in permittivity values did not substantially influence whole-body SAR values, while localized SAR values for individual tissues were substantially affected by these changes. Changes in permittivity had greatest effect on localized SAR values when they were low compare to the whole-body SAR value or when errors involved tissues that represent a substantial proportion of the body mass (i.e., muscle). Furthermore, we establish the partial derivative of whole-body and localized SAR values with respect to the dielectric value and conductivity for muscle independently. It was shown that uncertainties in dielectric value or conductivity do not substantially influence normalized whole-body SAR. Detailed investigation on localized SAR ratios showed that conductivity presents a more substantial factor in absorption of energy in tissues than dielectric value for almost all applied exposure conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM patrick.mason@brooks.af.mil NR 22 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9294 EI 1558-2531 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1177 DI 10.1109/10.951520 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 473ZT UT WOS:000171080300013 PM 11585041 ER PT J AU Schuermeyer, F Zampardi, PJ Fitzsimmons, S Welser, R Pan, N AF Schuermeyer, F Zampardi, PJ Fitzsimmons, S Welser, R Pan, N TI HBT collector characterization by the spectral photocurrent technique SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE photoluminescence; HBTs; GaAs; AlGaAs; InGaP ID BIPOLAR AB Photoelectric techniques, such as photoluminescence are commonly used to evaluate and qualify heterostructure materials. These studies provide invaluable information on the energy configuration of these devices. In this paper, we extend photoelectric techniques to the evaluation of fully fabricated HBTs. We describe photoconduction measurements performed on the base/collector junctions in GaAs based HBTs. The devices studied contained a window in the emitter metal and monochromatic, chopped light was focused through a microscope into the window. The measurements are performed on wafer at room temperature. The spectral characteristic of the photocurrent provides information on the material and allows the determination of the source of the measured photocurrent. The dependence of the photocurrent on the junction bias allows the profiling of the junction. Three different collector structures were investigated, containing GaAs, AlGaAs, and InGaP. The effects of electron and hole barriers are evaluated. The information obtained allows for the design of improved HBTs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Conexant Syst Inc, Newport Beach, CA 92658 USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Kopin Corp, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM fritz.schuermeyer@wpafb.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD OCT PY 2001 VL E84C IS 10 BP 1383 EP 1388 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 479WZ UT WOS:000171427900019 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM Parthasarathy, TA Hazzledine, PM AF Dimiduk, DM Parthasarathy, TA Hazzledine, PM TI Design-tool representations of strain compatibility and stress-strain relationships for lamellar gamma titanium aluminides SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Microstructure in Intermetallics CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA DE titanium aluminides; based on TiAl; plastic deformation mechanisms; work hardening; yield stress; mechanical properties theory ID POLYSYNTHETICALLY TWINNED CRYSTALS; TIAL-BASED ALLOYS; AT-PERCENT AL; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; YIELD STRESS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PST CRYSTALS; DISLOCATIONS; SLIP AB Engineering use of gamma titanium aluminides requires further development of design models of the material. Presently, modeling tools are limited by computational capability, uncertainty in experimental data, and physical accuracy. Lamellar Ti-Al alloys are plastically inhomogeneous and exhibit anisotropic flow. The origin of this behavior is that there are at least four different length scales in the microstructure: the grain size, the domain size, the lamellar thickness and the separation between either dislocations or twins. They range from mm to nm and give rise to strain incompatibilities and internal stresses over a similar range of lengths. Traditional engineering finite-element analysis of plastic deformation ignores all microstructural length-dependent aspects of deformation, but uses instead constitutive equations to describe plasticity. The gap between the scientific and engineering analyses of plasticity might be bridged by using Ashby's strain-gradient arguments. These capture most of the microstructural scale effects and may deliver descriptions of plasticity that are capable of being used in simulations. In this study, strain-gradient arguments are used to interpret experimental stress-strain measurements of both PST (poly-synthetically-twinned) and polycrystalline TiAl. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dimidudm@mlgate.ml.wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10-11 BP 875 EP 882 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00085-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 499QZ UT WOS:000172583000006 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Chrzan, DC Nix, WD AF Uchic, MD Chrzan, DC Nix, WD TI Primary creep of Ni-3(Al, Ta) in the anomalous flow regime SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Microstructure in Intermetallics CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA DE nickel aluminides, based on Ni3Al; creep (properties and mechanisms); mechanical properties at ambient temperatures; plastic deformation mechanisms ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CRITICALITY AB The primary creep behavior of single-slip oriented Ni-3(Al, Ta) has been characterized at low temperatures in the anomalous flow regime. For temperatures ranging from 20 to 200 degreesC, transient creep leading to eventual exhaustion has been measured at all stresses. The decline in the creep rate has been quantitatively shown to occur more quickly than in common metals, as the decline in the creep rate is faster than predicted by the logarithmic creep law. In addition, the temperature dependence of the primary creep behavior is consistent with the flow stress anomaly, as the measured amount of creep strain at a fixed stress decreases with increasing temperature. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10-11 BP 963 EP 969 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00097-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 499QZ UT WOS:000172583000018 ER PT J AU Cody, JT Valtier, S Kuhlman, J AF Cody, JT Valtier, S Kuhlman, J TI Analysis of morphine and codeine in samples adulterated with Stealth (TM) SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINE SPECIMENS; ABUSED DRUGS; NITRITE; CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Drug Testing Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 25 IS 7 BP 572 EP 575 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 478JY UT WOS:000171344300014 PM 11599602 ER PT J AU Lundell, JC Scuderi, PE Butterworth, JF AF Lundell, JC Scuderi, PE Butterworth, JF TI Less isoflurane is required after than before cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain a constant bispectral index value SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA LA English DT Article DE bispectral index; cardiopulmonary bypass; computer-controlled infusion; fentanyl; isoflurane; pharmacokinetics ID CRYOGENIC BRAIN INJURY; CARDIAC-SURGERY; GENERAL-ANESTHESIA; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; ACUTE TOLERANCE; FENTANYL; ALFENTANIL; PROPOFOL; SEDATION; INFUSION AB Objective: To test whether patients require less volatile anesthetic after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design: Prospective, observational clinical study. Setting: Cardiovascular operating rooms of a large teaching hospital. Participants: Twenty adult patients undergoing surgery with CPB. Interventions: Subjects received a computer-controlled fentanyl infusion designed to maintain effect site concentrations of 3 ng/mL, combined with a variable amount of isoflurane. Measurements and Main Results: The end-tidal isoflurane concentration associated with a target bispectral index of 55 was recorded during skin preparation, after sternotomy, during rewarming, and after separation from CPB. Adjusted, geometric mean (95% confidence intervals), end-tidal isoflurane concentrations associated with a bispectral index of 55 were 0.46% (0.38% to 0.58%) during skin preparation, 0.47% (0.39% to 0.58%) after sternotomy, 0.35% (0.29% to 0.42%) during rewarming, and 0.36% (0.31% to 0.43%) after separation from CPB. The last 2 concentrations (recorded near the end and after CPB) were significantly (p < 0.05) less than the first 2 concentrations (recorded before CPB). Conclusion: Because the level of surgical stimulation was relatively constant and minimal at the times of the measurements, these results are consistent with a reduced need for isoflurane after compared with before CPB. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Lundell, JC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Anesthesia Flight, Surg Operat Squadron 59, AETC, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1053-0770 J9 J CARDIOTHOR VASC AN JI J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1053/jcan.2001.26526 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Anesthesiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System GA 483TP UT WOS:000171652200004 PM 11687992 ER PT J AU McAvin, JC Reilly, PA Roudabush, RM Barnes, WJ Salmen, A Jackson, GW Beninga, KK Astorga, A McCleskey, FK Huff, WB Niemeyer, D Lohman, KL AF McAvin, JC Reilly, PA Roudabush, RM Barnes, WJ Salmen, A Jackson, GW Beninga, KK Astorga, A McCleskey, FK Huff, WB Niemeyer, D Lohman, KL TI Sensitive and specific method for rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae using real-time fluorescence PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; ALLELIC VARIATION; WHOLE-BLOOD; DNA; AUTOLYSIN; DIAGNOSIS; PNEUMOLYSIN; SAMPLES AB Molecular surveillance of pathogens has shown the need for rapid and dependable methods for the identification of organisms of clinical and epidemiological importance. As the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae was used as a model organism to develop and refine a real-time fluorescence PCR assay and enhanced DNA purification method. Seventy clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae, verified by latex agglutination, were screened against 26 negative control clinical isolates employing a TaqMan assay on a thermocycler (LightCycler). The probe, constructed from the lytA gene, correctly detected all S. pneumoniae genomes without cross-reaction to negative controls. The speed and case of this approach will make it adaptable to identification of many bacterial pathogens and provide potential for adaptation to direct detection from patient specimens. C1 USAF, Inst Environm & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, Mol Epidemiol Branch, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Inst Environm & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, Clin Microbiol Branch, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Inst Environm & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Off AF Surg Gen, Med NBC Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Lohman, KL (reprint author), AFIERA, 2601 Westgate Rd,Bldg 930, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 39 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3446 EP 3451 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3446-3451.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600004 PM 11574554 ER PT J AU Nelson, CL Mitchel, WC Hengehold, RL AF Nelson, CL Mitchel, WC Hengehold, RL TI Effects of process parameter variations on the removal rate in chemical mechanical polishing of 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chemical mechanical polishing; silicon carbide; colloidal silica ID SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACES AB The effects of temperature, slurry pH, applied pressure, and polishing rotation rate on the material removal rate during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of 4H-silicon carbide wafers using colloidal silica slurry and polyurethane/polyester fiber polishing pads have been studied. Measured removal rates varied from around 100 Angstrom /hr to nearly 2500 Angstrom /hr depending on the values of the various parameters. The amount of material removed was determined by measuring the wafer mass before and after polishing. Variations in temperature and slurry pH did not produce significant changes in the measured removal rates. Highernolishing pressures resulted in increased material removal rates from 200 to 500 Angstrom /hr but also produced excessive polishing pad damage. Variations in pad rotational speeds produced the largest changes in material removal rates, from around 200 to around 2000 Angstrom /hr for rotational speeds between 60 and 180 rpm, but the variations were non-linear and somewhat inconsistent. This CMP formula is shown to consistently produce damage free surfaces but the optimum removal rate is slow. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Survivabil & Sensor Mat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 17 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0111-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 483WF UT WOS:000171658300001 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, SW TI The correlation between solar energetic particle peak intensities and speeds of coronal mass ejections: Effects of ambient particle intensities and energy spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERACTION REGIONS; ACCELERATION; EVENTS; HELIOSPHERE AB The correlation of peak intensities of solar energetic particle (SEP) events with the speeds of the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is understood to be a result of SEP acceleration at shocks driven by the CMEs. However, the peak SEP intensities associated with CMEs of a given speed vary over similar to 4 orders of magnitude. We examine a database of 71 E > 10 MeV SEP events observed with the GOES satellite to determine whether enhanced ambient SEP intensities at the times of the CMEs and/or variations among SEP event spectra contribute to the large range of peak SEP event intensities. A statistical analysis shows that enhanced ambient SEP intensities may be a contributing factor to the range of SEP events of higher peak intensities, probably by providing sources of energetic seed particles for the shock acceleration process. Another factor is the variation of energy spectra among the SEP events, which generally have harder spectra with increasing peak intensities. The observed increase of peak SEP intensities and hardening of peak SEP spectra with increasingly westward solar source regions is only a minor factor in the range. of SEP peak intensities in the CME speed correlation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 25 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 20947 EP 20955 DI 10.1029/2000JA002231 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600002 ER PT J AU Sultan, PJ Rich, FJ AF Sultan, PJ Rich, FJ TI Determination of a proxy for F region meridional neutral winds using in situ satellite ion density measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; SOLAR MINIMUM; CLIMATOLOGY; MAXIMUM; MODEL AB A simple parameter has been developed to describe the measured latitudinal profiles of the ion density at 840 km near the magnetic equator. This parameter, which we call the "asymmetry index," is found to be well correlated with empirical neutral wind model output. Such a correlation makes it possible to use the index as a proxy representing the relative strength and direction of the transequatorial neutral wind. Topside ion densities are measured routinely by in situ sensors aboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft near 0600, 0900, 1800 and 2100 hours local time. DMSP data over the full range of solar activity levels and available local times are considered and compared to model neutral winds. While the shape of the observed profile (n(i) versus latitude) is controlled both by dynamics and by chemistry and varies as a function of season, longitude, local time, solar cycle, and geomagnetic activity, the neutral wind is clearly a significant factor. The profile asymmetry index is not a direct measurement of the instantaneous wind but rather represents the integrated effects of vertical and interhemispheric plasma transport due to the neutral wind over several hours. The index is shown to duplicate well (data/model correlation coefficient R similar to 0.8) the longitudinal and seasonal morphology of the neutral wind blowing along the geomagnetic meridian for all available local times during solar maximum conditions, but only near the 0900 and 1800 LT meridians during solar minimum. These results suggest that during these times the meridional neutral wind is the dominant influence on the ion density profile shape. Thus the asymmetry index is a useful parameter for the study of the dynamics of the low-latitude ionosphere. In particular, such a parameter would be important for use in operational ionospheric models that require a realtime neutral wind input and in the verification and testing of future thermospheric wind models. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sultan, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21033 EP 21038 DI 10.1029/2000JA000219 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600009 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Kamide, Y Ling, AG Yokoyama, N AF Cliver, EW Kamide, Y Ling, AG Yokoyama, N TI Semiannual variation of the geomagnetic Dst index: Evidence for a dominant nonstorm component SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR; STORMS AB The geomagnetic Dst index exhibits a strong semiannual variation with amplitude of 5.3 nT (oil an average baseline of -16.4 nT) for 1957-1997. If we consider the five quietest Dst days for each month during this interval. we find that while the average Dst baseline shifts froth -16.4 to +4.0 nT, the amplitude of the 6-month wave remains relatively strong at 2.5 nT. Thus similar to 50% (2.5 nT/5.3 nT) of the seasonal variation of the Dst index results froth modulation of its quiet time baseline. The seasonal modulation of Dst appears to consist of both a storm component, resulting from rapid variations of the ring current and other currents, and a slowly varying. nonstorm component. We estimate that the storm component accounts for only similar to 30-50% of the amplitude of the 6-month wave ill Dst versus similar to 50-70% for the nonstorm component. The classic equinoctial effect appears to dominate the storm component. accounting for 20-40% of the amplitude of the 6-month wave ill Dst versus similar to 10% for the combined axial/Russell-McPherron mechanisms. Candidate mechanisms for the nonstorm component of the 6-month wave in Dst include the Malin-Isikara effect (the seasonal displacement. of ring/tail currents by solar wind compression) and a semiannual variation of magnetopause currents. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Aichi 442, Japan. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Meisei Denki Co Ltd, Ibaraki, Osaka 3020115, Japan. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21297 EP 21304 DI 10.1029/2000JA000358 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600032 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD O'Neil, R Gardiner, H Gibson, J Dothe, H Duff, JW Wintersteiner, PP Kendra, M AF Sharma, RD O'Neil, R Gardiner, H Gibson, J Dothe, H Duff, JW Wintersteiner, PP Kendra, M TI Midcourse Space Experiment: Auroral enhancement of nitric oxide medium-wave infrared emission observed by the Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope III radiometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; NO; NITROGEN; MIDDLE; ATOMS; MODEL AB Enhanced medium-wave infrared nitric oxide fundamental (Delta upsilon = -1) vibration-rotation (VR) band emission observed by the Midcourse Space Experiment radiometer band A (6.8-10.8 mum) at nighttime in the 110- to 130-km tangent altitude range on November 10, 1996, is shown to be the result of auroral dosing. The energy flux Q (ergs cm(-2) s(-1)), the average energy [E] (keV) of the incident electrons, as well as the location of the dosed region along the line of sight (LOS) were previously derived [Strickland et al., 1997]. Combining these results with the N-2(+) first negative band emission at 391.4 nm gives the auroral energy deposition rate in all three spatial dimensions. The portion of the LOS NO VR band radiance transmitted by the band A filter calculated by a more elaborate version of the auroral model in the Strategic High-Altitude Radiance Code agrees remarkably well with the enhancements in the signal observed in that band of the Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope III radiometer. C1 Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA USA. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21351 EP 21365 DI 10.1029/2001JA000001 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600036 ER PT J AU Drummond, JD Grime, BW Gardner, CS Liu, AZ Chu, XZ Kane, TJ AF Drummond, JD Grime, BW Gardner, CS Liu, AZ Chu, XZ Kane, TJ TI Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails 1. Advection of the "diamond ring" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIDAR; SHOWER AB From a single image of a persistent trail left by a -1.5 magnitude Leonid meteor on November 17, 1998, the relative winds between 92.5 and 98 km altitude are derived, where the altitudes are determined by a sodium lidar. These are converted to true winds 82 sec after the appearance of the meteor by fixing the winds at 98 km to match the results of following the trail with the lidar for twelve minutes. The image and winds reveal a fine example of the effects of a gravity wave having a vertical wavelenth of 5.50 +/- 0.02 km, a horizontal wavelength of 2650 +/- 60 km, an intrinsic period of 19.5 +/- 0.4 hours, and an observed period of 8.6 +/- 0.1 hours. Effects of the gravity wave are still present in the wind field 70 min later. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Drummond, JD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, 3550 Aberdeen Av SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Liu, Alan/C-3738-2008 OI Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21517 EP 21524 DI 10.1029/2000JA000173 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600048 ER PT J AU Kruschwitz, CA Kelley, MC Gardner, CS Swenson, G Liu, AZ Chu, X Drummond, JD Grime, BW Armstrong, WT Plane, JMC Jenniskens, P AF Kruschwitz, CA Kelley, MC Gardner, CS Swenson, G Liu, AZ Chu, X Drummond, JD Grime, BW Armstrong, WT Plane, JMC Jenniskens, P TI Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails 2. Photometry and numerical modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; SHOWER; SODIUM; LIDAR AB During the 1998 Leonid meteor shower, multi-instrument observations of persistent meteor trains were made from the Starfire Optical Range on Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, and from a secondary site in nearby Placitas, New Mexico. The University of Illinois Na resonance lidar measured the Na density and temperature in the trains, while various cameras captured images and videos of the trains, some of which were observed to persist for more than 30 min. The Na density measurements allow the contribution of Na airglow to the observed train luminescence to be quantified for the first time. To do this, persistent train luminescence is numerically modeled. Cylindrical symmetry is assumed, and observed values of the Na density, temperature, and diffusivity are used. It is found that the expected Na luminosity is consistent with narrowband CCD all-sky camera observations, but that these emissions can contribute only a small fraction of the total light observed in a 0.5-1 mu bandwidth. Other potential luminosity sources are examined, in particular, light resulting from the possible excitation of monoxides of meteoric metals (particularly FeO) and O-2(b(1)Sigma (+)(g)) during reactions between atmospheric oxygen species and meteoric metals. It is found that the total luminosity of these combined processes falls somewhat short of explaining the observed brightness, and thus additional luminosity sources still are needed. In addition, the brightness distribution, the so-called hollow cylinder effect, remains unexplained. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kruschwitz, CA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 304 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Plane, John/C-7444-2015; Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Liu, Alan/C-3738-2008 OI Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21525 EP 21541 DI 10.1029/2000JA000174 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600049 ER PT J AU McCracken, KG Dreschhoff, GAM Zeller, EJ Smart, DF Shea, MA AF McCracken, KG Dreschhoff, GAM Zeller, EJ Smart, DF Shea, MA TI Solar cosmic ray events for the period 1561-1994 1. Identification in polar ice, 1561-1950 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; PROTON EVENTS; ODD NITROGEN; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; STRATOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; OZONE; CORES; NOY AB The geophysical significance of the thin nitrate-rich layers that have been found in both Arctic and Antarctic firn and ice cores, dating from the period 1561-1991, is examined in detail. It is shown that variations of meteorological origin dominate the record until the snow has consolidated to high-density firn some 30 years after deposition. The thin nitrate layers have a characteristic short timescale (<6 weeks) and are highly correlated with periods of major solar-terrestrial disturbance, the probability of chance correlation being less than 10(-9). A one-to-one correlation is demonstrated between the seven largest solar proton fluence events that have been observed since continuous recording of the cosmic radiation started in 1936, and the corresponding thin nitrate layers for the event date. The probability of this occurring by chance is < 10(-6). This high degree of statistical correlation, together with the modeling studies of Jackman, Vitt, and coworkers, is interpreted as establishing that the impulsive nitrate events are causally related to the generation of energetic particles by solar activity. The timescale of the nitrate events is too short to be understood in terms of transport mechanisms in the gaseous phase and indicates that the nitrate must be precipitated to the polar caps by the gravitational sedimentation of stratospheric solid particles. A conversion factor is established between the impulsive transient nitrate concentrations and the > 30 MeV solar proton fluence. The proton fluences (omnidirectional fluence cm(-2)) derived from the 70 largest impulsive nitrate events between 1561 and 1950 are tabulated. The proton fluence probability distribution derived from these large impulsive nitrate events are in good agreement with earlier studies of the cumulative probabilities of solar proton events and with the observation of cosmogenic isotopes in moon rocks. The cumulative probability curve derived from the impulsive nitrate events indicates a rapidly decreasing probability of occurrence of > 30 MeV solar proton events having an omnidirectional fluence exceeding 6 x 10(9) cm(-2). It is concluded that the impulsive nitrate events are reliable indicators of the occurrence of large fluence solar proton events and that they provide a quantitative measure of these events. It is further concluded that the impulsive nitrate events will permit the study of solar activity for many thousands of years into the past. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP McCracken, KG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM giselad@ku.edu; jellore@hinet.net.au; sssrc@msn.com; sssrc@msn.com NR 45 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21585 EP 21598 DI 10.1029/2000JA000237 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600055 ER PT J AU McCracken, KG Dreschhoff, GAM Smart, DF Shea, MA AF McCracken, KG Dreschhoff, GAM Smart, DF Shea, MA TI Solar cosmic ray events for the period 1561-1994 2. The Gleissberg periodicity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR ICE CORES; GROUP SUNSPOT NUMBERS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; ACTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SUN AB A total of 125 large fluence solar proton events identified from the nitrate deposition in ice core from Greenland for the period 1561-1950 are examined in an exploratory study of the geophysical information that will be available from such data in the future. These data have been augmented with ionospheric and satellite data for the period 1950-1994. There were five periods in the vicinity of 1610, 1710, 1790, 1870, and 1950, when large > 30 MeV proton events with fluence greater than 2 X 10(9) cm(-2) were up to 8 times more frequent than in the era of satellite observation. There is a well-defined Gleissberg (approximately 80 year) periodicity in the large fluence proton events, with six well-defined minima, two in close association with the Maunder and Dalton minima in sunspot number. The present "satellite" era is recognized as a recurrence of this series of minima. Comparison of the total solar proton production for the five Gleissberg cycles since 1580 shows that the cycle 1820-1910 was the most active followed by the cycle 1580-1660. The present Gleissberg cycle is one of the least effective in the production of solar proton events at Earth. It is shown that the solar and solar proton event data both indicate that the Maunder Minimum ended about 1700, 16 years before the commonly accepted date of 1716. It is proposed that the delayed "switch on" of aurorae after the Maunder Minimum is due to the changing nature of the solar corona from "Maunder Minimum" conditions to the more active conditions of the Gleissberg cycle, and a physical mechanism is proposed in which variations in the coronal densities modulate the efficiency of solar proton event production throughout the Gleissberg cycle. The "streaming limited fluence" for > 30 MeV protons is estimated to be 6-8 X 10(9) cm(-2), and the rapid decrease in the probability of occurrence of solar proton events observed in the vicinity of this fluence is proposed to be due to this effect. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP McCracken, KG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 49 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21599 EP 21609 DI 10.1029/2000JA000238 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600056 ER PT J AU Kao, WH AF Kao, WH TI Improvement of the wear resistance of Ti-based coating sliding against copper alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE copper alloy; multilayer coating; tribology ID CARBON-FILMS; PERFORMANCE AB The multilayer coating, Ti10%-C:H/TiC/TiCN/TiN, was deposited on cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate by an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. Tribological characteristics of this coating were compared with the coatings of TiN, TiCN, and TiC/TiCN/TiN deposited on WC-Co substrates and the WC -Co substrate itself. The coating displayed excellent tribological properties, ie., both low value and smooth curve of friction coefficient, and also, compared with the other tested materials, yielded the lowest wear depth when sliding against bronze under dry conditions. The coating thus protects against the high wear experienced when Ti-based coatings rub against copper alloy. C1 USAF, Aeronaut & Tech Sch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. RP Kao, WH (reprint author), USAF, Aeronaut & Tech Sch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 5 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1361/105994901770344674 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 484WR UT WOS:000171713000006 ER PT J AU Platenberg, RC Hubbard, GB Ehler, WJ Hixson, CJ AF Platenberg, RC Hubbard, GB Ehler, WJ Hixson, CJ TI Spontaneous disc degeneration in the baboon model: Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic correlation SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal model; bone; disease; MRI; nonhuman primate; Papio ID INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS; SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY; ARTHRITIS; PRIMATES; DISEASE; ANATOMY AB Degenerative disc disease is a major source of disability in humans. The baboon model is an excellent natural disease model to study comparable human disease. because baboons are relatively large (adult males 20-26 kg, adult females 12-17 kg), long-lived (30-45 years), well defined, easy to use, and closely related to humans. Published investigations with plain radiographs of disc degeneration in baboons indicated vertebral anatomy and changes that were remarkably similar to those seen in humans. and it would be valuable to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic evaluation would be useful methods for studying the model. as MRI allows multiplanar visualization of tissues without the use of intravenous contrast and it is superior for evaluating disc hydration, annulus tears. and herniations. The thoracolumbar junctions from 47 randomly selected baboons. ranging in age from 2 weeks to 34 years, were evaluated with MRI and histopathology. Excellent correlation with MRI was observed for changes in disc desiccation. height, and age (P<0.001). The pathologic analysis demonstrated P values of <0.001 when comparing histopathology with age and MRI results. All severely degenerated discs seen by MRI were in baboons 14 years of age or older. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Lab Anim Med, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. SW Reg Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hubbard, GB (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Lab Anim Med, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR13986-01] NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 268 EP 272 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 502MR UT WOS:000172747800004 PM 11990242 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, J TI Arming America: The origins of a national gun culture SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1106 DI 10.2307/2677658 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 477HR UT WOS:000171278500040 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, GK Lephart, SA Hwang, JH Wainner, MRS AF Fitzgerald, GK Lephart, SA Hwang, JH Wainner, MRS TI Hop tests as predictors of dynamic knee stability SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament; functional performance testing; hop tests ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; LOWER-LIMB; JOINT POSITION; ACL INJURY; ANTERIOR; PERFORMANCE; STRENGTH; REHABILITATION; RELIABILITY AB Single leg hop tests are commonly used as physical performance measures of function and are also commonly used to evaluate progress in knee rehabilitation programs, particularly for individuals recovering from anterior cruciate ligament injury or reconstructive surgery. While there is some evidence that hop tests may show promise as a predictive measure for identifying individuals who are at risk for recurrent dynamic instability further work is needed to clearly define the role of hop test measurements for this purpose. The purposes of this clinical commentary are to review the research that has been done to establish hop tests as a physical performance measure of function, to discuss neuromuscular and biomechanical considerations related to hop performance and dynamic knee stability to discuss existing evidence that supports the potential for hop tests as a predictor of dynamic knee stability and to discuss considerations for future studies that are designed to more clearly define the role of hop tests in predicting dynamic knee stability. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Neuromuscular Res Lab, Musculoskeletal Res Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Coll Med, Samsung Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Fitzgerald, GK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, 6035 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM kfitzger+@pitt.edu NR 36 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 16 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 31 IS 10 BP 588 EP 597 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 485QX UT WOS:000171768900006 PM 11665746 ER PT J AU Adams, JD Jones, S Brost, BC AF Adams, JD Jones, S Brost, BC TI Development of antibodies to topical bovine thrombin after abdominal hysterectomy - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE thrombin; hysterectomy; antibody formation; bovine thrombin ID FACTOR-V; FIBRIN GLUE; COAGULATION; INHIBITORS AB BACKGROUND: Topical thrombin spray is frequently used as a hemostatic agent in surgery, particulary following cardiovascular, orthopedic and neurologic surgery. Acquired coagulation factor inhibitors to thrombin and factor V may develop following gynecologic surgery with repeat topical thrombin use. CASE: A 45-year-old woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Her past medical history included idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Marfan's syndrome and past surgery included splenectomy and aortic valve replacement with a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft. She was converted from Coumadin (DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware) to heparin preoperatively, and heparin was stopped six hours before surgery, with norm malization of her prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Topical bovine thrombin spray was applied to the surgical field in anticipation of early resumption of heparin anticoagulation. Seven days after surgery, after recovering from some acute bleeding problems, the patient began to have elevation of her PT in spite of being off Coumadin for 10 days. Her PT and international normalized ratio (INR) continued to rise, reaching peak values of 31.4 and 6.99, respectively. A mixing study did not correct the problem, confirming the presence of coagulation inhibitors. The patient was given globulins and corticosteroids, and intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids, and her PT/PTT and INR values slowly normalized. CONCLUSION. Acquired coagulation factor may develop following gynecologic surgery with topical thrombin use. This potential complication should be strongly considered in any patient prior to using topical bovine thrombin, especially those with a prior exposure or history of surgical procedures in which bovine thrombin is commonly used. C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. RP Adams, JD (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 81 MSGS SGCG,301 Fisher St,Room 1A-132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. OI Brost, Brian/0000-0002-4903-4186 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 46 IS 10 BP 909 EP 912 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 487XH UT WOS:000171904000009 PM 11725736 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK Parthasarathy, TA AF Cinibulk, MK Parthasarathy, TA TI Characterization of oxidized polymer-derived SiBCN fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Ultrahigh Temperature Polymer Derived Ceramics CY JUL 23-29, 2000 CL BOULDER, COLORADO ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CERAMIC FIBERS; OXIDATION; STRENGTH AB The oxidation behavior of a developmental amorphous SiBCN fiber was investigated. Fibers were heat-treated in stagnant laboratory air at temperatures of 1300 degrees -1500 degreesC for 1 or 2 h. The oxidized SiBCN fibers contained three distinct concentric layers, each increasing in oxygen concentration from the core to the outer surface. The unreacted fiber core retained its amorphous nature. The first oxidation layer next to the core consisted of a mixture of amorphous SiBCNO and turbostratic BN, which evolved into a more oxygen-rich glass with hexagonal and turbostratic BN grains dispersed throughout nearer the surface. The second layer consisted of essentially pure silica glass with no detectable B, C, or N present. The outermost layer in the fiber oxidized at 1500 degreesC had devitrified to cristobalite. The fiber suffered significant strength degradation after oxidation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2197 EP 2202 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 483KM UT WOS:000171634600008 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, RA Ruh, R AF Gerhardt, RA Ruh, R TI Volume fraction and whisker orientation dependence of the electrical properties of SiC-whisker-reinforced mullite composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; IMPEDANCE; CONDUCTIVITY AB The electrical behavior of hot-pressed mullite composites reinforced with 10, 20, and 30% SiC whiskers (SiCw) was evaluated in the frequency range 100 Hz-10 MHz and compared with 2 GHz data as well as dc resistivity measurements. It is found that the addition of SiCw has a dramatic effect on the dielectric properties as well as the resistivity of these materials. The ac properties (dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and impedance) show a strong dependence on the volume fraction of SiC and on the orientation of the electric field with respect to the hot-pressing direction and hence the whisker orientation. The dc resistivity measurements are sensitive to the whisker volume fraction but cannot easily discriminate between those samples that were measured parallel or perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction as was possible with the ac measurements. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gerhardt, RA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Gerhardt, Rosario/D-6573-2012 OI Gerhardt, Rosario/0000-0001-8774-0842 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2328 EP 2334 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 483KM UT WOS:000171634600031 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Rodrigues, SJ Scanlon, LG AF Kumar, B Rodrigues, SJ Scanlon, LG TI Ionic conductivity of polymer-ceramic composites SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTES AB The paper analyzes ionic conductivity data in the PEO:LiBF4-MgO and PEO:LiBF4-BaTiO3 composite electrolyte systems. The polymer and ceramic phases in the systems interact to provide a stable, amorphous phase. The ceramic phase is believed to impart a dual effect. It suppresses crystallization of and interacts with the polymer phase. The nature of the interaction is believed to be dipole-dipole and driven by a dielectric constant gradient. The nanosize ceramic powder provides higher conductivity values because of an enhanced interaction. At low temperatures (similar or equal to 20 degreesC) the dipole-dipole interaction is favored, whereas at high temperatures (similar or equal to 100 degreesC) a reverse trend is observed. A very high dielectric constant material such as BaTiO3 provides little additional benefit. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 12 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 148 IS 10 BP A1191 EP A1195 DI 10.1149/1.1403729 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 481CD UT WOS:000171501600022 ER PT J AU Pochiraju, KV Tandon, GP Pagano, NJ AF Pochiraju, KV Tandon, GP Pagano, NJ TI Analyses of single fiber pushout considering interfacial friction and adhesion SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE pushout; friction; adhesion; open-cracks; debonding; interface; toughness; stress fields ID REINFORCED CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; OUT TEST; STRESS; PULLOUT; MECHANICS; CONTACT; CRACK AB The development of interfacial debonding and the associated stress fields in the single-fiber pushout specimen are extremely complex. Interfacial zones continually evolve during loading and the stress fields are affected by the adhesive and frictional properties of the interface. In this work we describe solutions to several boundary value problems useful for interpreting the experimental data obtained from a fiber pushout test. The analyses are conducted using two numerical methods, namely axisymmetric damage model and finite element method. Both techniques are capable of modeling zones of adhesion, friction, and open-cracks at the fiber-matrix interface. Numerical results are generated for a polyester fiber and epoxy matrix specimen for which prior experimental pushout results are available. The paper illustrates the complexity of micromechanical stress fields at the fiber-matrix interface and proposes some guidelines in terms of key boundary value problems, which are required to deduce interface properties from fiber pushout experiments. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochiraju, KV (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. OI Pochiraju, Kishore/0000-0002-0248-8658 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 2307 EP 2338 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00045-X PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 474GC UT WOS:000171097100003 ER PT J AU Henderson, BK Maslov, KI Kinra, VK AF Henderson, BK Maslov, KI Kinra, VK TI Experimental investigation of acoustic band structures in tetragonal periodic particulate composite structures SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE periodic lattices; acoustics; voids and inclusions; particulate reinforced material; stress waves ID SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS; PLANAR ARRAY; STOP BANDS; WAVES AB Transmission of a longitudinal elastic wave through periodic particulate composites, consisting of heavy spherical inclusions in a tetragonal arrangement in an elastic matrix, was measured experimentally. Several band gaps were identified, each having an associated jump in the phase velocity spectrum, near two sets of frequencies: frequencies at which the rigid body (dipole) resonance of particles are enhanced through shear wave interaction within a layer; and frequencies determined by the inter-layer spacing. An approximate theory is developed which shows good correlation with experimental results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ctr Mech & Composites, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Henderson, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 2369 EP 2383 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(01)00019-9 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 474GC UT WOS:000171097100005 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Gleason, GA Tsou, BH AF Billock, VA Gleason, GA Tsou, BH TI Perception of forbidden colors in retinally stabilized equiluminant images: an indication of softwired cortical color opponency? SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-CORTEX; MODEL; DYNAMICS; MONKEY; CELLS AB In color theory and perceptual practice, two color naming combinations are forbidden-reddish greens and bluish yellows-however, when multicolored images are stabilized on the retina, their borders fade and filling-in mechanisms can create forbidden colors. The sole report of such events found that only some observers saw forbidden colors, while others saw illusory multicolored patterns. We found that when colors were equiluminant, subjects saw reddish greens, bluish yellows, or a multistable spatial color exchange (an entirely novel perceptual phenomena); when the colors were nonequiluminant, subjects saw spurious pattern formation. To make sense of color opponency violations, we created a soft-wired model of cortical color opponency (based on winner-take-all competition) whose opponency can be disabled. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Logicon Inc, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), USAF, Logicon Inc, Res Lab, POB 317258, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2398 EP 2403 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.002398 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 475XZ UT WOS:000171196500002 PM 11583256 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Cunningham, DW Havig, PR Tsou, BH AF Billock, VA Cunningham, DW Havig, PR Tsou, BH TI Perception of spatiotemporal random fractals: an extension of colorimetric methods to the study of dynamic texture SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID NATURAL IMAGES; VISUAL-SYSTEM; STATISTICS; SPECTRA; NOISE; DISCRIMINATION; LUMINANCE AB Recent work establishes that static and dynamic natural images have fractal-like 1/f(alpha) spatiotemporal spectra. Artifical textures, with randomized phase spectra, and 1/f(alpha). amplitude spectra are also used in studies of texture and noise perception. Influenced by colorimetric principles and motivated by the ubiquity of 1/f(alpha) spatial and temporal image spectra, we treat the spatial and temporal frequency exponents as the dimensions characterizing a dynamic texture space, and we characterize two key attributes of this space, the spatiotemporal appearance map and the spatiotemporal discrimination function (a map of MacAdam-like just-noticeable-difference contours). (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Logicon Inc, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), USAF, Logicon Inc, Res Lab, POB 317258, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. OI Cunningham, Douglas William/0000-0003-1419-2552 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2404 EP 2413 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.002404 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 475XZ UT WOS:000171196500003 PM 11583257 ER PT J AU Marathay, AS McCalmont, JF AF Marathay, AS McCalmont, JF TI Vector diffraction theory for electromagnetic waves SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB The scalar Huygens-Fresnel principle is reformulated to take into account the vector nature of light and its associated directed electric and magnetic fields. Based on Maxwell's equations, a vector Huygens secondary source is developed in terms of the fundamental radiating units of electromagnetism: the electric and magnetic dipoles. The formulation is in terms of the vector potential from which the fields are derived uniquely. Vector wave propagation and diffraction formulated in this way are entirely consistent with Huygens's principle. The theory is applicable to apertures larger than a wavelength situated in dark, perfectly absorbing screens and for points of observation in the right half-space at distances greater than a wavelength beyond the aperture. Alternatively, a formulation in terms of the fields is also developed; it is referred to as a vector Huygens-Fresnel theory. The proposed method permits the determination of the diffracted electromagnetic fields along with the detected irradiance. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marathay, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2585 EP 2593 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.002585 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 475XZ UT WOS:000171196500022 PM 11583276 ER PT J AU Lin, LC Ponnappan, R Leland, J AF Lin, LC Ponnappan, R Leland, J TI Experimental investigation of oscillating heat pipes SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB Operation requirements of oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) are proposed. Based on the requirements, OHPs with nonflammable fluorocarbon fluids, FC-72 and FC-75, as the working fluid are developed. The OHPs have an inner diameter of 1.75 mm, a total length of 446 mm, and 40 tubing turns. There are two condensers on both outer sides and one evaporator in the middle of the OHPs. Thermal performance tests are conducted at various operating temperatures and heat rates. The working fluid fill ratio is varied. A high-performance OHP with FC-72 has been indicated for the first time. The FC-72 OHP can transport a 2040-W heat rate without dryout. The gravitational acceleration does not have a noticeable influence on the performance of the fluorocarbon OHP. The thermal performances of the fluorocarbon OHPs are compared with the case of an acetone OHP. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Power Div,Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Power Div,Power Generat & Thermal Management Bran, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, LC (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.2514/2.6641 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 487GG UT WOS:000171864900003 ER PT J AU Morey, AF Iverson, AJ Swan, A Harmon, WJ Spore, SS Bhayani, S Brandes, SB AF Morey, AF Iverson, AJ Swan, A Harmon, WJ Spore, SS Bhayani, S Brandes, SB TI Bladder rupture after blunt trauma: Guidelines for diagnostic imaging SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE radiography; trauma; urinary tract ID PELVIC FRACTURES; COMPUTERIZED-TOMOGRAPHY; CT CYSTOGRAPHY; RENAL TRAUMA; MANAGEMENT; INJURY; EXTRAVASATION; MECHANISMS; EXPERIENCE AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish guidelines for diagnostic imaging for bladder rupture in the blunt trauma victim with multiple injuries, in whom the delay caused by unnecessary testing can hamper the trauma surgeon and threaten outcome. Method: We undertook chart review (1995-1999) of patients with blunt trauma and bladder rupture at our four institutions and performed focused literature review of retrospective series. Results. Of our 53 patients, identified, all had gross hematuria and 85% had pelvic fracture. Literature review revealed similar rates. Conclusion. The classic combination of pelvic fracture and gross hematuria constitutes an absolute indication for immediate cystography in blunt trauma victims. Existing data do not support lower urinary tract imaging in all patients with either pelvic fracture or hematuria alone. Clinical indicators of bladder rupture may be used to identify atypical patients at higher risk. Patients with isolated hematuria and no physical signs of lower urinary tract injury may be spared the morbidity, time, and expense of immediate cystographic evaluation. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr Blvd 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 4 BP 683 EP 686 DI 10.1097/00005373-200110000-00010 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 481XW UT WOS:000171546600015 PM 11586159 ER PT J AU Bons, JP Taylor, RP McClain, ST Rivir, RB AF Bons, JP Taylor, RP McClain, ST Rivir, RB TI The many faces of turbine surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Congress and Exhibition on Gas Turbines and Aeroengines CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE roughness; spallation; turbine ID HEAT-TRANSFER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION AB Results are presented for contact stylus measurements of surface roughness on in-service turbine blades and vanes. Nearly 100 turbine components were assembled from four land-based turbine manufacturers. Both coated and uncoated, cooled and uncooled components were measured, with part sizes varying from 2 to 20 cm. Spanwise and chordwise two-dimensional roughness profiles were taken on both pressure and suction. surfaces. Statistical computations were performed on each trace to determine centerline averaged roughness, rms roughness, and peak to-valley height. In addition, skewness and kurtosis were calculated, as well as the autocorrelation length and dominant harmonics in each trace. Extensive three-dimensional surface maps made of deposits, pitting, erosion, and coating spallation expose unique features for each roughness type. Significant spatial variations are evidenced and transitions from rough to smooth surface conditions are shown to be remarkably abrupt in some cases. Film cooling sites are shown to be particularly prone to surface degradation. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bons, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Bons, Jeffrey/N-9854-2014 NR 25 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 17 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2001 VL 123 IS 4 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1115/1.1400115 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 492MD UT WOS:000172171400008 ER PT J AU Navarra, KR Rabe, DC Fonov, SD Goss, LP Hah, C AF Navarra, KR Rabe, DC Fonov, SD Goss, LP Hah, C TI The application of pressure- and temperature-sensitive paints to an advanced compressor SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Congress and Exhibition on Gas Turbines and Aeroengines CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA AB An innovative pressure-measurement technique that employs the tools of molecular spectroscopy has been widely investigated by the aerospace community. Measurements are made via oxygen-sensitive molecules attached to the surface of interest as a coating, or paint. The pressure-sensitive-paint (PSP) technique is now commonly used in stationary wind-tunnel tests; this paper presents the use of this technique in advanced turbomachinery applications. New pressure- and temperature-sensitive paints (P/TSPs) have been developed for application to a state-of-the-art transonic compressor where pressures up to 1.4 atm and surface temperatures to 90 degreesC are expected for the suction surface of the first-stage rotor PSP and TSP data images have been acquired from the suction surface of the first-stage rotor at 85 percent of the corrected design speed for the compressor near-stall condition. A comparison of experimental results with CFD calculations is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Navarra, KR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2001 VL 123 IS 4 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.1115/1.1400116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 492MD UT WOS:000172171400018 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Senkov, ON Miracle, DB TI Effect of the atomic size distribution on glass forming ability of amorphous metallic alloys SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE amorphous materials; metals AB A topological approach based on analysis of atomic size distributions has been developed and applied to multicomponent amorphous alloys with different glass-forming ability. The atomic size distributions were obtained by plotting atomic concentrations versus atomic radii of constitutive elements. Ordinary amorphous alloys with high critical cooling rates were found to have single-peak distributions with a concave downward shape. These amorphous systems have at least one alloying element with a smaller radius, and at least one alloying element with a larger radius relative to the base element. The concentration of an alloying element decreases rapidly as the difference in the atomic sizes of the base element and the alloying element increases. Atomic size distributions of Zr, Pd, or Ln-based bulk amorphous alloys, which have a critical cooling rate in the range of 1-100 K/s, have a completely different, concave upward shape with a minimum at an intermediate atomic size. The base alloying element in these alloys has the largest atomic size and the smallest atom often has the next-highest concentration. A model that explains the concave upward shape of atomic size distributions for the bulk amorphous alloys is suggested. This model takes into account that all alloying elements in bulk glass formers are smaller than the matrix element, and some of them are located in interstitial sites while others substitute for matrix atoms in a reference crystalline solid solution. The interstitial and substitutional atoms attract each other and produce short-range ordered atomic configurations that stabilize the amorphous state. According to this model, the critical concentration of an interstitial element required to amorphize the alloy increases with increasing size difference from the matrix atom. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 23 TC 237 Z9 253 U1 4 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2183 EP 2198 DI 10.1016/S0025-5408(01)00715-2 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 471HY UT WOS:000170925000010 ER PT J AU Austin, PN Johannigman, JA Simmons, LW Camden, MP Campbell, RS Branson, RD AF Austin, PN Johannigman, JA Simmons, LW Camden, MP Campbell, RS Branson, RD TI Surface temperature of two portable ventilators during simulated use under clinical conditions SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATING-ROOM; BURN; LIGHT AB During performance testing of portable ventilators, it was noted that an area on the case of one of the devices, the LTV 1000, was noticeably warm. This investigation examined the case temperatures of this portable ventilator and a portable ventilator currently in the Department of Defense inventory, the Uni-Vent 754, during simulated clinical conditions. Both have an integral method of producing compressed air. The hottest portion of the cases of the LTV 1000 and the Uni-Vent 754 reached temperatures of 39.9 to 46.7degreesC and 35.4 to 35.9degreesC, respectively, across a range of simulated clinical conditions. Investigations have found the risk of bums to increase with temperatures greater than 40degreesC. The cases of these devices are not designed to be in contact with the skin. Personnel should properly position these and other devices during patient transport and not allow contact with the patient's skin. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nurse Anesthesia, Grad Sch Nursing, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Div Trauma Crit Care Res, Dept Surg, Ctr Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Austin, PN (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nurse Anesthesia, Grad Sch Nursing, 1335 East West Highway,Suite 9-700, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 10 BP 843 EP 847 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DG UT WOS:000181419500007 PM 11603232 ER PT J AU Elsass, WP Fiedler, E Skop, B Hill, H AF Elsass, WP Fiedler, E Skop, B Hill, H TI Susceptibility to maladaptive responses to stress in basic military training based on variants of temperament and character SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores of three groups of U.S. Air Force basic trainees. The following groups were used: those who were psychiatrically hospitalized, a control group, and a group identified as being at risk for early separation from basic training because of psychological reasons. The instrument used was the TCI. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc comparisons, and stepwise backward discriminant analysis. The controls were found to have healthier temperament and character profiles than both the at-risk (p < 0.01) and hospitalized (p < 0.01) groups. No difference was found between the at-risk and hospitalized groups on TCI scores. The TCI was found to successfully predict 82% of controls, 25% of at-risk, and 64% of hospitalized recruits. Risk factors for maladaptive responses to stress and possible ways of primary prevention are presented. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. FAA, Civil Aeromed Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Psychol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Elsass, WP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Serv, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 10 BP 884 EP 888 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DG UT WOS:000181419500015 PM 11603240 ER PT J AU Zahn, CM Kendall, BS AF Zahn, CM Kendall, BS TI Heterotopic bone in the ovary associated with a mucinous cystadenoma SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Bone formation in the ovary, with the exception of developing in the setting of a mature cystic teratoma, is exceedingly uncommon. We report a case of bone formation within a mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary. A 19-year-old active duty female presented with an asymptomatic pelvic mass; sonographic imaging revealed a 5.7-cm complex right adnexal mass. A laparoscopic cystectomy was performed. Pathologic evaluation of the cyst revealed a mucinous cystadenoma. Contained within several of the thick fibrous septae were areas of well-formed bone. Although a benign finding, bone formation and associated fibrosis may lead to sonographic findings of concern during the evaluation of patients with a pelvic mass. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Zahn, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 10 BP 915 EP 917 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DG UT WOS:000181419500022 PM 11603247 ER PT J AU Berenson, AB Radecki, CM Grady, JJ Rickert, VI Thomas, A AF Berenson, AB Radecki, CM Grady, JJ Rickert, VI Thomas, A TI A prospective, controlled study of the effects of hormonal contraception on bone mineral density SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; BIRTH-CONTROL PILLS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONTINUATION RATES; USERS; PREGNANCY; PROVERA; SPINE; MASS AB OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and two types of oral contraceptives (OC) on bone mineral density (BAM) among women 18-33 years of age with those not using hormonal contraception. METHODS: Data from 155 women were analyzed. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate was administered to 33 women; 63 women who chose oral contraception were randomly assigned to receive either a norethindrone-containing pill (n = 28) or a desogestrel-containing pill (n = 35). Fifty-nine women who did not use hormonal contraception served as controls. Lumbar spine BMD was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months of contraceptive use. We analyzed method-related percent change in BAM while controlling for body mass index, calcium intake, exercise, and smoking. We had approximately 90% power to detect a 2.5% difference between any two groups. RESULTS: Users of DMPA experienced a mean BMD loss of 2.74% over 12 months compared with controls who sustained a 0.37% loss (P = .01). Users of OCs generally demonstrated a gain (2.33% for noretbindrone-containing pills, 0.33% for desogestrel-containing pills), which was different from controls among users of norethindrone-containing pills (P = .01), but not among users of desogestrel-containing pills (P = .99). Observed changes in BMD among DMPA users differed from women who used either type of pill (P < .002). CONCLUSION: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate has an adverse effect on BMD, in comparison with OCs or nonhormonal methods, when used for 12 months. Results must be interpreted cautiously until it is determined whether these effects endure or are reversible. (C) 2001 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Berenson, AB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 301 Univ Blvd,Route 0587, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 98 IS 4 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01495-8 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 478XT UT WOS:000171374400009 PM 11576570 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Calvert, G Ketchum, N Michalek, J AF Steenland, K Calvert, G Ketchum, N Michalek, J TI Dioxin and diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the combined NIOSH and Ranch Hand data SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dioxin; diabetes; TCDD ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; WORKERS; SERUM; MORTALITY; GLUCOSE; COHORT AB Objectives-To reanalyze in a similar manner the two principal studies of TCDD (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and diabetes in an attempt to reconcile disparate results. Methods-Data from 990 United States Air Force veterans (Ranch Hand) and 1275 referents were reanalyzed, and a NIOSH population of 267 chemical workers and 227 referents. The Ranch Hand veterans had lower concentrations of lipid adjusted serum TCDD (median 12 parts per trillion (ppt)) than the NIOSH workers (median 75 ppt) when examined in the late 1980s. An analysis was conducted of the combined data sets, adopting a uniform approach to outcome definition, data analysis, and covariate control. Results-The combined exposed groups did not differ markedly from the combined non-exposed groups for prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92 to 1.48), with no evidence of heterogeneity of exposure effect between studies. Also virtually no difference was found between combined exposed and non-exposed groups in mean fasting serum glucose (difference in log serum glucose 0.002, 95% C1 -0.006 to 0.010), and there was little evidence in either study of a dose-response trend for fasting serum glucose. An increasing trend was found (p=0.0001) in prevalence of diabetes with increased TCDD (at the time of examination or at time of last exposure) among the Ranch Hand population, with excess risk largely confined to the highest 8% of the exposed group (> 78 ppt serum TCDD), which had an OR of 3.21 (95% CI 1.81 to 5.72) versus those with < 10 ppt TCDD. However, no such positive dose-response was found in the NIOSH population. Conclusions-There was little overall evidence that the exposed workers were at higher risk than the non-exposed workers of diabetes or abnormal fasting glucose. However, the Ranch Hand subjects showed a positive dose-response for diabetes, whereas the more highly exposed NIOSH subjects did not. The reason for the difference in diabetes dose-response trends between the two studies is unknown. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 58 IS 10 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1136/oem.58.10.641 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 475JY UT WOS:000171161900006 PM 11555685 ER PT J AU Nikulin, VV Bouzoubaa, M Skormin, VA Busch, TE AF Nikulin, VV Bouzoubaa, M Skormin, VA Busch, TE TI Modeling of an acousto-optic laser beam steering system intended for satellite communication SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE modeling; Bragg cell; quadrant detector; neural network; model validation ID JITTER REJECTION TECHNIQUE AB High data rate of laser communication systems should be matched by wide operational bandwidth of beam positioning. This could be achieved by the application of nonmechanical beam steering technologies utilizing acousto-optic phenomena. Major components of acousto-optic beam steering systems, a Bragg cell, and a quadrant detector are subjected to comprehensive laboratory testing and characterization as components of a control system. A mathematical and computer simulation model of the entire steering system addressing system dynamics, cross coupling of azimuth and elevation channels, and nonlinearity, and facilitating synthesis of advanced control laws is developed. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL IFGC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Nikulin, VV (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect Engn, Vestal Pkwy E, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2208 EP 2214 DI 10.1117/1.1403022 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 492AD UT WOS:000172142500023 ER PT J AU Umstattd, RJ Luginsland, JW AF Umstattd, RJ Luginsland, JW TI Two-dimensional space-charge-limited emission: Beam-edge characteristics and applications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB There is, at present, no analytic solution that extends Child-Langmuir space-charge-limited emission beyond ID. Herein, we investigate the characteristics of planar diode electron emission in 2D space with the emphasis on the transition region between the beam and vacuum. Current density above that predicted by Child-Langmuir is observed near the beam edges in a 2D finite element, electrostatic ray-tracing code. The properties of these increased current density "wings" are examined and then discussed in terms of their applications to cathodes which have large reservoirs of free electrons. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Umstattd, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 145002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.145002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500024 PM 11580655 ER PT J AU Medellin-Rodriguez, FJ Burger, C Hsiao, BS Chu, B Vaia, R Phillips, S AF Medellin-Rodriguez, FJ Burger, C Hsiao, BS Chu, B Vaia, R Phillips, S TI Time-resolved shear behavior of end-tethered Nylon 6-clay nanocomposites followed by non-isothermal crystallization SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polymer nanocomposites; Nylon 6; clay ID SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; NYLON-6-CLAY HYBRID AB Simple shear of end-tethered Nylon 6-clay nanocomposites and the preservation of these effects into the crystalline state is reported. Typical conditions leading to mesoscopic (clays) and molecular (polymer chains) orientation of these systems at relatively low shear rates and at temperatures immediately above the nominal melting point showed a morphological change proportional to the shear time in the molten state. Gradual alignment of the through-view SAXS patterns indicated the rotation of the end-tethered clay along the shear direction. High temperature relaxation of clay after shear was substantially longer than the polymer. Thus, non-isothermal crystallization into the crystalline state could be used to preserve the orientation of the clay induced by shear. It was found that most of the clay planar alignment in Nylon 6-clay nanocomposites rendered the gamma crystal habit, which is typically associated with the extended chain crystallization. Nylon 6, on the other hand, crystallized into the a habit commonly associated with quiescent crystals involving folded chains. The shear results were compared with quiescent crystallization, where the Nylon 6 nanocomposites exhibited the preferential gamma habit and the Nylon 6 homopolymer exhibited mixed alpha/gamma habits. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Chu, B (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 23 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9015 EP 9023 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00395-0 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 458VY UT WOS:000170217200063 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Sanders, TG Morrison, WB Schweitzer, ME Leis, HT Nusser, CA AF Sherman, PM Sanders, TG Morrison, WB Schweitzer, ME Leis, HT Nusser, CA TI MR imaging of the posterior cruciate ligament graft: Initial experience in 15 patients with clinical correlation SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 86th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America (RSNA) CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2000 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE grafts; knee, ligaments, menisci, and cartilage; knee, MR ID KNEE LIGAMENTS; INJURIES; RECONSTRUCTION AB PURPOSE: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft in the 1st postoperative year and to correlate the MR findings with clinical examination findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen MR examinations were performed in 15 patients (with 15 grafts) 1-33 months after PCL reconstruction. Results of clinical follow-up were available in 14 patients. Graft shape and thickness were recorded, and intrasubstance signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging was graded. The MR findings were correlated with the time between surgery and clinical examination. RESULTS: At MR imaging, 13 grafts appeared intact, one could not be assessed owing to hardware artifact, and one initially appeared disrupted. Graft thickness was 7-19 mm. There was no significant difference between graft thickness versus time since surgery and signal intensity versus time since surgery (P = .14). In two of three patients who underwent sequential MR examinations, graft thickness and intrasubstance signal intensity decreased as the time between reconstruction and MR imaging increased. Two of 14 patients who underwent physical examination had a posterior drawer, and one also had an anterior cruciate ligament graft tear. Both patients with knee instability demonstrated intact PCL graft fibers at MR imaging. There was no correlation between knee stability and graft thickness, signal intensity, or shape. CONCLUSION: After PCL reconstruction, MR imaging in the 1st year depicts a thickened graft with increased signal intensity. There does not appear to be a relationship between clinical stability and findings at MR imaging. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, MDTS MTRD 759, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. USAF Acad Hosp, Dept Radiol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 221 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1148/radiol.2211010105 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 474QT UT WOS:000171118900026 PM 11568339 ER PT J AU Krestnikov, IL Maleev, NA Sakharov, AV Kovsh, AR Zhukov, AE Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ustinov, VM Alferov, ZI Ledentsov, NN Bimberg, D Lott, JA AF Krestnikov, IL Maleev, NA Sakharov, AV Kovsh, AR Zhukov, AE Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ustinov, VM Alferov, ZI Ledentsov, NN Bimberg, D Lott, JA TI 1.3 mu m resonant-cavity InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot light-emitting devices SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 1.3-MU-M; LASERS; OPERATION; VCSELS; DIODE; MODE AB Different types of microcavities for GaAs-based light emitting devices operating in the 1.3 mum spectral range are analysed. Microcavity light-emitting diodes (MC LEDs) can be fabricated with different designs of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), e.g.: top and bottom AlAs/GaAs semiconductor DBRs; bottom AlAs/GaAs semiconductor and top dielectric DBRs, and oxidized Al(x)O(y)/GaAs DBRs. MC LEDs operating in the 1.3 mum spectral range and characterized by spectral width (13 nm) and narrow far-field pattern (< 20 degrees) are reported. In the case of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), practical implementation of injection lasing can be only achieved with oxidized Al(x)O(y)/GaAs DBRs, despite the fact that DBRs with nominally comparable parameters can be fabricated. It is shown that the 1.3 mum InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) VCSEL exhibits remarkably low internal losses, compared with QD VCSELs operating near 1 mum. This enables use of high-reflectance DBRs, important for lasing in low modal gain media, with high (> 40%) differential efficiency retained. A threshold current of <2 mA at 300 K is achieved (lambda 1.304 mum). C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krestnikov, IL (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, 26 Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Sakharov, Aleksei/A-9250-2014; Tsatsulnikov, Andrey/A-9150-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Maleev, Nikolay/D-7873-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 844 EP 848 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/16/10/306 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 482DM UT WOS:000171559600010 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Mentzer, KD Miller, MD Morrison, WB Campbell, SE Penrod, BJ AF Sanders, TG Mentzer, KD Miller, MD Morrison, WB Campbell, SE Penrod, BJ TI Autogenous osteochondral "plug" transfer for the treatment of focal chondral defects: postoperative MR appearance with clinical correlation SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cartilage, MR; knee; knee, surgery; knee, MR; surgery; MR ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; HYALINE CARTILAGE; BONE BRUISES; KNEE; MOSAICPLASTY; ARTHROSCOPY; ACCURACY; TALUS AB Objective. To describe the MR appearance following autogenous osteochondral "plug" transfer for the treatment of focal chondral defects of the knee. Design and patients. Twenty-nine 1.5-T MR knee studies including dynamic gadolinium enhancement were performed on 21 patients following autogenous osteochondral "plug" transfer. Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed images to evaluate graft and donor site appearance and MR findings were correlated with clinical outcomes. Results. MR images demonstrated graft protuberance (n=12/21; range 1-2 mm), depression (n=2/21; range I mm), and surface incongruity: mild (n=17/21), moderate (n=2/21), marked (n=1/21). The T2 signal of graft cartilage was similar to that of adjacent cartilage in 25 of 29 examinations, and increased in four. Graft cartilage thickness relative to adjacent cartilage was < 50% in six patients, 50-100% in 15. Graft enhancement in bone was absent at 2 weeks, but present at between 4 and 6 weeks following surgery. All patients had clinical follow-up examinations and knee outcome survey scores were obtained in 15 patients with follow-up greater than 3 months after surgery. All patients demonstrated the expected short-term progressive clinical improvement. Conclusion. MR images reveal a wide range of appearances following osteochondral "plug" transfer. Minor variations in graft orientation and surface congruity do not result in adverse clinical outcome in the short term. C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS,MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,STE 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 10 BP 570 EP 578 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 484XU UT WOS:000171715500004 PM 11685480 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Unique aspects of your training programs SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 23 IS 5 BP 60 EP 61 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 479WE UT WOS:000171425900013 ER PT J AU Rai, AK Massey, ML Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE Zabinski, JS Sharma, SK Jones, WR AF Rai, AK Massey, ML Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE Zabinski, JS Sharma, SK Jones, WR TI Enhanced performance of Pennzane (R) greases for space applications by both additive formulations and smooth hard coatings SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Pennzane (R); grease; additives; low volatility; bearing steel; wear; coating; surface roughness; steel hardness ID LUBRICANTS AB Tribological requirements of the moving mechanical assemblies (MMAs) of spacecraft are usually satisfied by a variety of lubricants and materials. When the lubricant elastohydrodynamic film is broken, metal-to-metal contact occurs in the MMAs. This may lead to lubricant overheating, and breakdown, and then to increased wear and,failure. Wear related failure can also occur due to evaporation and/or creep of the lubricant over the lifetime of space assembly. As requirements for spacecraft performance and lif?,time increase, improved lubrication systems for MMAs are needed. A considerable amount of progress has been made in developing improved lubricants with advanced additives; however their performance has not been evaluated and ranked. In the present work, four-ball and reciprocating tribometer tests were conducted to evaluate and rank the performance of various Pennzane (R) based greases. Employing the reciprocating tribometer technique, Pennzane (R) based greases were also evaluated with hard coatings such as titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN) in a metal-on-coating configuration. Viability of a filtered cathodic arc technique for obtaining very smooth, hard coatings is demonstrated, The importance of coating deposition temperature for certain bearing steel materials is also discussed. It is demonstrated that wear is substantially reduced with an optimized Pennzane (R) grease formulation on a smooth, hard TiCN surface coating. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Rai, AK (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 678 EP 684 DI 10.1080/10402000108982510 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 483VM UT WOS:000171656600021 ER PT J AU Roush, ED Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL AF Roush, ED Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL TI Anisotropy of plastic flow and microstructure evolution during hot working of laser-deposited Ti-6Al-4V SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium; laser deposition; hot working; stress-strain behavior ID GLOBULARIZATION AB Hot compression tests were conducted at subtransus temperatures both parallel and perpendicular to the columnar-grain direction of laser-deposited Ti-6Al-4V. Negligible anisotropy in stress-strain behavior and the kinetics of dynamic globularization was noted, thus indicating the importance of alpha platelet thickness, not grain shape, on plastic flow and structure evolution, (C) 2001 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6 BP 717 EP 724 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01084-3 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 501BP UT WOS:000172663400014 ER PT J AU Anderson, JM Temple, MA Oxley, ME AF Anderson, JM Temple, MA Oxley, ME TI Nonlinear suppression of range ambiguities in pulse-diverse radar SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Coherent pulse train processing gives improved Doppler resolution. compared to single pulse processing, but introduces range and Doppler ambiguities. Diversely coded pulse trains produce a weighted composite ambiguity function at the origin and cross-ambiguity terms at multiples of the pulse repetition interval. An idealised nonlinear suppression operator is introduced to suppress these terms, effectively reducing the total volume under the ambiguity surface. Nonlinear suppression is introduced to approximate ideal suppression operation and illustrated by example. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, AFIT EN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, AFIT EN, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 20 BP 1252 EP 1253 DI 10.1049/el:20010862 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 482FJ UT WOS:000171565000031 ER PT J AU Sankaran, B Alexander, MD Tan, LS AF Sankaran, B Alexander, MD Tan, LS TI Synthesis, emission and spectro-electrochemical studies of bithienylnaphthalene systems SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE synthesis; electropolymerization; bithienylnaphthalene; band-gap; stille coupling reaction ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; NAPHTHOQUINONE DERIVATIVES; REPEAT UNITS; PHENYLENE AB Four new bis(2-thienyl)naphthalene monomers were synthesized and their absorption. emission and redox properties were studied. Thus, 1,5-dimethoxy-2,6-bis(2-thienyl)naphthalene (2,6-BTDMN), 1,5-dimethoxy-4,8-bis(2-thienyl)-naphthalene (4.8-BTDMN), and 1,4,5,8-tetramethoxy-2,6-bis(2-thienyl)naphthalene (2,6-BTTMN) were synthesized by Stille coupling reaction between the respective dibromides and 2-(tributylstannyl)-thiophene while 2,6-bis(2-thienyl)-naphthalene (2,6-BTN, previously prepared from dibromo precursor) and 1,5-b bis(2-thienyl)-naphthalene (1,5-BTN) were prepared similarly between the corresponding di-triflates and 2-(tributylstannyl)thiophene. Monomers 1,5-BTN and 4.8-BTDMN reveal only one peak in both absorption and emission spectra. while monomers 2.6-BTN. 2,6-BTDMN, and 2,6-BTTMN show multiple bands for absorption and a single doublet for emission. The oxidation potential values for the monomers range from 0.95 V for monomer 1,5-BTN to 0.59 V, for monomer 2,6-BTTMN. Electropolymerized monomers, with the exception of 2,6-BTTMN, form good polymeric films on ITO coated glass substrate. They are pale greenish in color in their oxidized states and relatively transmissive and pale yellow in their reduced state. Spectro-optoelelectrochemistry revealed a band gap range of 2,4-2,9 ev. Iodine-doped polymer from chemically polymerized monomer 2,6-BTTMN has a conductivity of 5 x 10(-2) S/cm. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD SEP 24 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 3 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00318-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 486VU UT WOS:000171838300009 ER PT J AU Brott, LL Naik, RR Pikas, DJ Kirkpatrick, SM Tomlin, DW Whitlock, PW Clarson, SJ Stone, MO AF Brott, LL Naik, RR Pikas, DJ Kirkpatrick, SM Tomlin, DW Whitlock, PW Clarson, SJ Stone, MO TI Ultrafast holographic nanopatterning of biocatalytically formed silica SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Diatoms are of interest to the materials research community because of their ability to create highly complex and intricate silica structures under physiological conditions: what these single-cell organisms accomplish so elegantly in nature requires extreme laboratory conditions to duplicate(1,2) -this is true for even the simplest of structures. Following the identification of polycationic peptides from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis, simple silica nanospheres can now be synthesized in vitro from silanes at nearly neutral pH and at ambient temperatures and pressures(3,4). Here we describe a method for creating a hybrid organic/inorganic ordered nanostructure of silica spheres through the incorporation of a polycationic peptide (derived from the C. fusiformis silaffin-1 protein) into a polymer hologram created by two-photon-induced photopolymerization. When these peptide nanopatterned holographic structures are exposed to a silicic acid, an ordered array of silica nanospheres is deposited onto the clear polymer substrate. These structures exhibit a nearly fifty-fold increase in diffraction efficiency over a comparable polymer hologram without silica. This approach, combining the ease of processability of an organic polymer with the improved mechanical and optical properties of an inorganic material, could be of practical use for the fabrication of photonic devices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 185 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 48 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 413 IS 6853 BP 291 EP 293 DI 10.1038/35095031 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 473KB UT WOS:000171040500034 PM 11565027 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM Yeh, HC Su, SY Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ Keskinen, MJ AF Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM Yeh, HC Su, SY Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ Keskinen, MJ TI Response of the equatorial ionosphere in the South Atlantic region to the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; LOW LATITUDES; SCINTILLATIONS AB The effects of the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000 on the equatorial ionosphere have been studied by ground-based and satellite in-situ measurements. A large westward plasma drift in the evening equatorial ionosphere was observed as a result of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo. In that environment, the IMF Bz turned southward and presumably caused penetration of E-fields to low latitudes. This E-field initiated the onset of 250 MHz and L-band scintillations at Ascension Island (15 degreesW) and precipitous TEC decrease at Fortaleza, Brazil (38 degreesW), bounding the narrow longitude region in the South Atlantic. These impulsive ionospheric effects were extremely well correlated with abrupt decreases of SYM-H (1-min resolution Dst). The DMSP in-situ measurements showed the presence of severe ion density bite-outs extending over 30 degrees latitude in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region. The ROCSAT-1 satellite measured upward and large southward ion drifts in the same sector. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM santimay.basu@hanscom.af.mil; sbasu@nsf.gov NR 18 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 18 BP 3577 EP 3580 DI 10.1029/2001GL013259 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 473HN UT WOS:000171035000040 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, T Derov, JS Sridhar, S AF Dasgupta, T Derov, JS Sridhar, S TI Computer-aided modeling of superconducting striplines with ground planes using critical state models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The effect of ground planes on the current-induced critical states and flux penetration for a thin superconducting strip carrying a microwave current has been calculated numerically. The nonlinear response represented by the dependence of the surface resistance and reactance were also calculated. We find that when the distance d between the ground planes is smaller than the width a of the strip, i.e., d less than or equal toa, the ground planes affect the nonlinear response significantly. In particular we study the effects of ground planes placed at a distance d=a/5. We compare and contrast these effects with the results of similar models without the ground planes. The ground planes reduce the current crowding at the film edges, thus reducing the nonlinearities arising from critical state flux motion. The numerical procedure can be incorporated into computer-aided design of superconducting microwave circuits. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Dasgupta, T (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Sridhar, Srinivas/A-3688-2012 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2915 EP 2918 DI 10.1063/1.1389339 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466LR UT WOS:000170647500044 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Kane, JS Gianino, PD Hemmer, PL Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Kane, JS Gianino, PD Hemmer, PL Woods, CL TI Homodyne and heterodyne imaging through a scattering medium SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION AB We introduce a novel two-dimensional (2D) homodyne and heterodyne technique for imaging objects through or embedded in a scattering medium. Our imaging approach is based on heterodyning of light with different Doppler broadenings that is scattered from objects of two different textures or from an opaque object and a textured scattering medium. We report on the initial demonstration of pulling signals out of noise for an object hidden behind a scattering medium. Enhancements of signal-to-noise ratio of the order of 50 have been achieved by use of a 2D holographic phase-sensitive detector. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of this approach for objects embedded in a scattering medium. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. AF Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscomb AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 18 BP 1433 EP 1435 DI 10.1364/OL.26.001433 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 471ED UT WOS:000170913900015 PM 18049629 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK Huang, DH AF Lyo, SK Huang, DH TI Multisublevel magnetoquantum conductance in single and coupled double quantum wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INPLANE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; WELLS; SCATTERING; RESISTANCE; SUBBANDS AB We study the ballistic and diffusive magnetoquantum transport using a typical quantum point contact geometry for single and tunnel-coupled double wires that are wide (less than or similar to1 mum) in one perpendicular direction with densely populated sublevels and extremely confined in the other perpendicular (i.e., growth) direction. A general analytic solution to the Boltzmann equation is presented for multisublevel elastic scattering at low temperatures. The solution is employed to study interesting magnetic-field dependent behavior of the conductance such as a large enhancement and quantum oscillations of the conductance for various structures and field orientations. These phenomena originate from the following field-induced properties: magnetic confinement, displacement of the initial- and final-state wave functions for scattering, variation of the Fermi velocities, mass enhancement, depopulation of the sublevels and anticrossing (in double quantum wires). The magnetoconductance is strikingly different in long diffusive (or rough. dirty) wires from the quantized conductance in short ballistic (or clean) wires. Numerical results obtained for the rectangular confinement potentials in the growth direction are satisfactorily interpreted in terms of the analytic solutions based on harmonic confinement potentials. Some of the predicted features of the field-dependent diffusive and quantized conductances are consistent with recent data from GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs double quantum wires. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 11 AR 115320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.115320 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 474ZG UT WOS:000171136700084 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ TI Evolution of anisotropic reflection gratings formed in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; BRAGG GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION; MORPHOLOGY AB The temporal evolution of an anisotropic reflection grating produced in a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film is investigated. We find that this type of grating is preceded in time by an isotropic concentration grating, and that the development of the anisotropic grating can be delayed until several seconds after laser exposure. The formation of an anisotropic grating is nearly coincident with the onset of phase separation of liquid crystal and implies a macroscopic ordering of liquid crystal droplet directors. Detailed knowledge of grating evolution may allow in situ control over the polarization sensitivity of the hologram. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4031 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 14 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1420 EP 1422 DI 10.1063/1.1399303 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466LN UT WOS:000170647200004 ER PT J AU Ferlito, A Partridge, M Brennan, J Hamakawa, H AF Ferlito, A Partridge, M Brennan, J Hamakawa, H TI Lymph node micrometastases in head and neck cancer: A review SO ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA LA English DT Review ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TUMOR-CELLS; DISSECTION SPECIMENS; ORAL-CANCER; CERVICAL METASTASES; SENSITIVE DETECTION; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MESSENGER-RNA C1 Univ Udine, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Policlin Univ, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. Kings Coll London Hosp, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, London, England. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Ehime Univ, Sch Med, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. RP Ferlito, A (reprint author), Univ Udine, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Policlin Univ, Piazzale S Maria Misericordia, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. EM clorl@sc.uniud.it NR 47 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-6489 J9 ACTA OTO-LARYNGOL JI Acta Oto-Laryngol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 121 IS 6 BP 660 EP 665 DI 10.1080/00016480152583584 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 481ZG UT WOS:000171549900001 PM 11678163 ER PT J AU Schmisseur, JD Gaitonde, DV AF Schmisseur, JD Gaitonde, DV TI Numerical investigation of strong crossing shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT INTERACTION; MACH REFLECTION; MODEL; WAVES AB Numerical results are reported for very strong fully separated three-dimensional crossing shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions at Mach S. The flowfield is generated by two sharp fins mounted at angle of attack on a flat plate in a manner closely resembling a portion of a scramjet inlet. Two symmetric configurations with fin angles of attack of 18 and 23 deg are considered. The flowfield is determined through solution of the full three-dimensional mean compressible Navier-Stokes equations using a sophisticated k-epsilon closure model. The computations are validated by comparison with available experimental data. The close similarity between the simulated and experimental surface oil flow patterns-particularly in the strong 23 x 23 case in which new topological patterns appear-indicate that the computations are successful in obtaining the mean flowfield. These additional features include not only new critical points but also phenomena associated with secondary separation. Ramifications of the new surface features on the off-surface flow are examined in great detail by probing the computed flowfield. Previous models of the flowfield evolution with interaction strength are updated to include these new features. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmisseur, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1742 EP 1749 DI 10.2514/2.1504 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 468JZ UT WOS:000170755500012 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, PJ McWhirter, PD Peterson, DW Kruyer, WB AF Fitzsimmons, PJ McWhirter, PD Peterson, DW Kruyer, WB TI The natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in 228 military aviators: A long-term follow-up of 22 years SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; PREEXCITATION; POPULATION AB Background Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome poses a risk for tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Most WPW studies have relatively limited numbers of subjects and brief follow-up periods. Methods We reviewed records of 238 consecutive military aviators with WPW syndrome evaluated from 1955 to 1999. Follow-up was by questionnaires, telephone interviews, or death certificates. Events included sudden cardiac death and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (by electrocardiographic [ECG] documentation or suggestive symptoms). Results The mean age was 34.3 years (range 17-56 years). Forty-two (42/238, 17.6%) had SVT (WPW syndrome) and 196 of 238 (82.4%) had the WPW ECG pattern only, The mean follow-up of 21.8 years (range 2-41 years) was obtained on 228 of 238 (96%) for a total of 4906 patient-years, Sudden cardiac death occurred in 1 of 228, an incidence of 0.0002 per patient-year (95% confidence interval 0.0-0.001). SVT occurred in 47 of 228 (20.6%) or 0.01 per patient-year. One hundred eighty-seven (187/228, 82%) initially had the WPW ECG pattern only; 28 of 187 (15.0%) reported SVT during follow-up. Forty-one (41/228, 18%) initially had WPW syndrome; 19 of 41(46.3%) reported additional SVT during follow-up. Conclusion Sudden cardiac death risk was low (0.02%/patient-year) in this WPW population. The SVT incidence was 1% per patient-year. Referral bias and some characteristics of the unique military aviator population may partly account for these low event rates. However, these results may be more applicable to unselected populations than are tertiary referral-based studies. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECI, Internal Med Branch,Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kruyer, WB (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECI, Internal Med Branch,Aeromed Consultat Serv, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 142 IS 3 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1067/mhj.2001.117779 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 468WD UT WOS:000170780400022 PM 11526369 ER PT J AU Sowards, LA Schmitz, H Tomlin, DW Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Sowards, LA Schmitz, H Tomlin, DW Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Characterization of beetle Melanophila acuminata (Coleoptera : Buprestidae) infrared pit organs by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Melanophila acuminata; pit organs; infrared receptor; insect cuticle; thermoreceptor; mechanoreceptor ID RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION AB The beetle Melanophila acuminata (De Geer) is able to detect infrared radiation emitted from forest fires with two infrared receptors (pit organs) located on the metathorax next to the coxal cavity of the second set of thoracic legs. Each pit organ houses approximate to 70 single IR sensilla, which probably transduce incoming IR radiation into a mechanical event. These pit organs may exhibit chemical differences from the cuticle covering other parts of the beetle, which could account for their enhanced infrared detection. Infrared pit organs and the elytra, the cuticle covering the wings, were subjected to LC/MS analysis by extracting the cuticle with solvents that varied in polarity. The resulting chromatograms and mass spectra were used to identify differences in solute mobility and composition. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and point dwell maps indicated only the presence of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen for the pit organs, wings and elytra. FT-IR transmission spectra were obtained for the pit organs, eye scales, coxal cavities and wings. FT-IR analysis detected chemical bonding for the sensilla of the pit organ, which agreed with the energy dispersive spectroscopy results. Sensilla absorb IR radiation at the maximum emission wavelength of forest fires, and there is no indication of a complex chemical reaction occurring upon IR absorption. Therefore, the degree of expansion of the cuticular apparatus of the IR sensilla seems to be the sole contributing factor for the photomechanical portion of infrared detection. C1 Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Zool Rhein, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. TMCI, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sowards, LA (reprint author), Anteon Corp, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 509, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 94 IS 5 BP 686 EP 694 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0686:COBMAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 476CD UT WOS:000171207900008 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Akhtar, FZ Longnecker, MP Burton, JE AF Michalek, JE Akhtar, FZ Longnecker, MP Burton, JE TI Relation of serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) level to hematological examination results in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Agent Orange; dioxin; hematology; TCDD ID HEALTH-STATUS; DIOXIN; VIETNAM; HERBICIDES; MORTALITY; "2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; THROMBOCYTOSIS; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY AB The authors studied indices of hematologic function and exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Vietnam War veterans of Operation Ranch Hand- the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam. The herbicides were contaminated with TCDD. The authors measured TCDD serum levels in 1987 or later and extrapolated the result to the time of service in Vietnam. The authors studied serum TCDD level in relation to red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell count, platelet count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at each of 4 physical examinations. Compared with veterans not involved in Operation Ranch Hand, those with the highest TCDD levels in Operation Ranch Hand had mean corpuscular volumes that were about 1% higher and platelet counts that were about 4% higher. These small increases were unlikely to be of clinical significance and may not have been caused by TCDD. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. SpecPro, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), 2602 Doolittle Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 56 IS 5 BP 396 EP 405 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 505KP UT WOS:000172912200002 PM 11777020 ER PT J AU Kerrison, JB Buchanan, K Rosenberg, ML Clark, R Andreason, K Alfaro, DV Grossniklaus, HE Kerrigan-Baumrind, LA Kerrigan, DF Miller, NR Quigley, HA AF Kerrison, JB Buchanan, K Rosenberg, ML Clark, R Andreason, K Alfaro, DV Grossniklaus, HE Kerrigan-Baumrind, LA Kerrigan, DF Miller, NR Quigley, HA TI Quantification of optic nerve axon loss associated with a relative afferent pupillary defect in the monkey SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-FIELD LOSS; GANGLION-CELL; AUTOMATED PERIMETRY; TRACT SYNDROME; SPINAL-CORD; ACUITY; GLAUCOMA; EYES; DEGENERATION; NEUROPATHIES AB Objective: To quantify the amount of optic nerve axonal loss associated with the presence of a mild relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in an experimental monkey model. Methods: The right macula of 5 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was treated with concentrically enlarging diode laser burns until an RAPD was detected using a transilluminator light and measured with neutral density filters. Intervals between treatments were 3 to 7 days over a period of 2 months. Pupillary responses to light stimulation were recorded with a monocular infrared television pupillometer. Two months after detection of an RAPD, 5 treated and 4 control monkeys underwent euthanasia and enucleation. Histopathologic analysis and quantification of optic nerve axon counts using an image analysis system were performed. Results: No RAPD was observed despite an estimated ganglion cell loss of up to 26%. A 0.6 log unit RAPD was present in 5 monkeys when the laser sear incorporated the entire macula within the temporal vascular arcades. One eye had progressive vitreomacular traction with worsening of the RAPD to 1.8 log units without further laser treatment. Histopathologic evaluation disclosed complete loss of the normal retinal architecture within the macula. The average. fiber loss for the 4 treated eyes with 0.6 log unit RAPDs compared with fellow eyes was 53.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.0%-61.6%). The average difference in axon counts between untreated pairs of optic nerves was 12.8% (95% CI, 10.0%-15.6%). Optic nerve axon loss between pairs of experimental and control eyes was statistically significant (P<.001). Conclusion: In rhesus monkeys, an RAPD develops after an approximate unilateral loss between 25% and 50% of retinal ganglion cells. Clinical Relevance: Owing to redundancy in the anterior visual pathways, unilateral retinal ganglion cell loss may occur prior to the observation of an RAPD. The presence of an RAPD measuring 0.6 log units implies that significant retinal ganglion cell injury has occurred. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Wilmer Ophthalmol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. New Jersey Neurosci Inst, JFK Med Ctr, Edison, NJ USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kerrison, JB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY02120, EY01765] NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 119 IS 9 BP 1333 EP 1341 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 471DM UT WOS:000170912400012 PM 11545640 ER PT J AU Egan, MP Sloan, GC AF Egan, MP Sloan, GC TI The physical basis for the silicate dust sequence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; infrared : stars ID M-MIRA VARIABLES; LATE-TYPE STARS; INFRARED-EMISSION; ALPHA-ORIONIS; CARBON STARS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; FEATURES; WAVELENGTHS; CALIBRATION AB Using a series of radiative transfer models of circumstellar dust shells, we explore the physical origins of the variety of shapes of the 10 mum silicate feature seen in the spectra of oxygen-rich circumstellar dust shells. In order to match the full range of observed spectral shapes, the models explore four parameters: the relative abundance of amorphous alumina and amorphous silicates, the inner dust shell radius, the optical depth, and the geometric thickness of the shell. Optically thin shells dominated by amorphous silicate grains reproduce the classic narrow silicate feature at 10 mum. Increasing the optical depth of the shell produces spectral features at 10 mum with stronger components at 11 mum, but to match the [12]-[25] IRAS colors, these optically thick shells must be geometrically thin (i.e., have a truncated outer radius). Spectra with broad, low-contrast emission features peaking at wavelengths longer than - 11 um originate from optically thin shells composed of amorphous alumina. These findings provide a physical basis for the silicate dust sequence defined by Sloan & Price. We suggest that the [12]-[25] color is an indicator of geometric shell thickness. Thin shells can only arise if the star ejects mass and forms dust in a noncontinuous process. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Egan, MP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1086/322443 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CB UT WOS:000170794300016 ER PT J AU Parker, PE Stepp, RJ Snyder, QC AF Parker, PE Stepp, RJ Snyder, QC TI Morbidity among airline pilots: The AMAS experience SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aerospace medicine; occupational health; aviation; accidents; aircraft; morbidity; prevalence; safety; travel; human ID INCAPACITATION; MORTALITY AB Background: Various cohort studies, military databases, and Federal Aviation Administration databases have characterized morbidity and disability in pilots. However, an overriding limitation of these studies is acquiring complete and accurate medical information from pilots with a profession, hobby, or aircraft investment to protect (6). The unique role of Aviation Medicine Advisory Service (AMAS) as pure pilot advocate with guaranteed patient confidentiality eliminates the aviator's need to conceal medical problems. Therefore, analyses of cases reported to AMAS might provide additional insight regarding the true prevalence of morbidity in airline pilots. Methods: All AMAS cases of airline pilots and flight engineers from January 1996 through November 1999 were reviewed (n = 20,522). During that time, AMAS provided consultation to approximately 51 U.S. and Canadian airlines. Diagnoses were stratified by decades ranging from 20 to 69 yr of age. Results: Notably, the five conditions most frequently inquired about at AMAS were similar to the major causes of long term disability found in a cohort of Air Canada pilots (5). Cardiovascular conditions accounted for almost 25% of the inquiries. However, the relative percentage especially in the older population was less than that reported previously. Interestingly, orthopedic and musculoskeletal cases (10-11 %) rated second only to cardiovascular cases. Conclusions: These findings are limited by the inability to draw an exact reference Population at risk, the use of proportional measures for description and the inherent difficulty in attempting to utilize an administrative index as an epidemiological tool. Further study addressing the impact of aviator nondisclosure of medical problems on the reported prevalence of disease among U.S. airline pilots may help target preventive efforts in the future. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GE, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Parker, PE (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, GE, 2602 W Gate Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 72 IS 9 BP 816 EP 820 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 468RF UT WOS:000170771400007 PM 11565816 ER PT J AU Folarin, VA Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB AF Folarin, VA Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB TI Holter monitor findings in asymptomatic male military aviators without structural heart disease SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ectopy; arrhythmia; ecg; holter; aircrew; asymptomatic; aerospace medicine; electrocardiography; ambulatory; military personnel ID CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIAS; RUNNERS; WOMEN AB Purpose: Our study was designed to determine the spectrum of Holter monitor findings in normal male military aviators to establish a reference for aircrew populations with cardiac related diagnoses. Methods: We identified all individuals with normal cardiac catheterization in the United States Air Force Aeromedical Consultation Service cardiac catheterization database from January 1984 to December 1998. Cases with valvular disease, left or right bundle branch block, and referral diagnoses of ectopy or arrhythmia were then excluded. Results of Holter monitor studies performed on the remaining aviators prior to cardiac catheterization were then collected and tabulated. Frequency of isolated ectopy was classified as a percentage of the total beats on the Holter monitor: rare (less than or equal to0.1%), occasional (>0.1 to 1.0%), frequent (>1.0 to 10%) and very frequent (>10%). Results: From 1575 consecutive cardiac catheterizations reviewed, 303 aviators met the above inclusion criteria. Only 36 of 303 (11.9%) had no ectopy at all. Rare, occasional, frequent and very frequent isolated atrial ectopy occurred in 72.9%, 2.6%, 23% and 0.3%, respectively. The same categories of isolated ventricular ectopy occurred in 40.9%, 7.9%, 3.3% and 0.0%. Atrial and ventricular pairs occurred in 14.5% and 4.3%, respectively. Nonsustained supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia (duration 3 to 10 beats) occurred in 4.3% (13/303) and 0.7% (2/303), respectively. There were no sustained supraventricular or ventricular tachycardias. Conclusions: In this population, absence of ectopy is unusual while rare isolated ectopy is common. These findings may help define the aeromedical/clinical significance of Holter monitors performed on aircrew with underlying cardiac complaints or diagnoses. C1 USAF, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Sch Aerosp Med, FECI, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kruyer, WB (reprint author), USAF, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Sch Aerosp Med, FECI, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 72 IS 9 BP 836 EP 838 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 468RF UT WOS:000170771400011 PM 11565820 ER PT J AU Gajsek, P Ziriax, JM Hurt, WD Walters, TJ Mason, PA AF Gajsek, P Ziriax, JM Hurt, WD Walters, TJ Mason, PA TI Predicted SAR in Sprague-Dawley rat as a function of permittivity values SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric values; dosimetry; electromagnetic fields (EMF); finite-diference time-domain (FDTD); radio frequency ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Specific absorption rate (SAR) value is dependent on permittivity value. However, variability in the published permittivity values for human and animal tissue and the development of sophisticated 3-dimensional digital anatomical models to predict SAR values has resulted in the need to understand how model parameters (permittivity value) affect the predicted whole body and localized SAR values. In this paper, we establish the partial derivative of whole body SARs and localized SAR values (defined as SAR for individual organs with respect to a change in the permittivity values of all tissue types, as well as for those tissues with the most variable permittivity values. Variations in the published permittivity values may substantially influence whole body and localized SAR values, but only under special conditions. Orientation of the exposed object to the incident electromagnetic wave is one of the most crucial factors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP USAF, AFRFL, HEDR, Bldg 1162,8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Patrick.Mason@brooks.af.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 384 EP 400 DI 10.1002/bem.66 PG 17 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 468FJ UT WOS:000170747200002 PM 11536280 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Cobb, BL AF Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Cobb, BL TI Human exposure to 2450 MHz CW energy at levels outside the IEEE C95.1 standard does not increase core temperature SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE partial body exposure; thermoregulation; sweating; skin blood flow; body temperatures; thermal discomfort; 2450 MHz ID HUMAN SKIN; THRESHOLDS; MODEL AB Permission was received from the Brooks AFB Institutional Review Board and the AF Surgeon General's Office to exceed the peak power density (PD = 35 mW/cm(2)) we had previously studied during partial body exposure of human volunteers at 2450 MHz. Two additional peak PD were tested (50 and 70 mW/cm(2)). The higher of these PD (normalized peak local SAR = 15.4 W/kg) is well outside the IEEE C95.1 guidelines for partial body exposure, as is the estimated whole body SAR approximate to1.0 W/kg. Seven volunteers (four males, three females) were tested at each PD in three ambient temperatures (T-a = 24, 28, and 31 degreesC) under our standard protocol (30 min baseline, 45 min RF exposure, 10 min baseline). The thermophysiological data (esophageal and six skin temperatures, metabolic heat production, local sweat rate, and local skin blood flow) were combined with comparable data at PD = 0, 27, and 35 mW/cm(2) from our 1999 study to generate response functions across PD. No change in esophageal temperature or metabolic heat production was recorded at any PD in any T-a. At PD = 70 mW/cm(2), skin temperature on the upper back (irradiated directly) increased 4.0 degreesC in T-a = 24 degreesC, 2.6 degreesC in T-a= 28 degreesC, and 1.8 degreesC in T-a = 31 degreesC. These differences were primarily due to the increase in local sweat rate, which was greatest in T-a = 31 degreesC. Also at PD = 70 mW/cm(2) local skin blood flow on the back increased 65% over baseline levels in T-a = 31 degreesC, but only 40% in T-a = 24 degreesC. Although T-a becomes an important variable when RF exposure exceeds the C95.1 partial body exposure limits, vigorous heat loss responses of blood flow and sweating maintain thermal homeostasis efficiently. It is also clear that strong sensations of heat and thermal discomfort will motivate a timely retreat from a strong RF field, long before these physiological responses are exhausted. C1 USAF, AFRL, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Adair, ER (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, HEDR, 8315 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1162, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1002/bem.70 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 468FJ UT WOS:000170747200006 PM 11536284 ER PT J AU Fuchigami, N Hazel, J Gorbunov, VV Stone, M Grace, M Tsukruk, VV AF Fuchigami, N Hazel, J Gorbunov, VV Stone, M Grace, M Tsukruk, VV TI Biological thermal detection in infrared Imaging snakes. 1. Ultramicrostructure of pit receptor organs SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MICROSCOPY AB The receptor organs of snakes with "thermal vision" were studied with ultra-high-resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM) at close to in vivo conditions to elucidate their surface morphology and materials properties critical for prospective biomimetic design of "soft matter"-based infrared (IR) sensors. The surfaces of living tissues were scanned under wet ambient conditions in physiological solution, and the resulting parameters were compared with SPM data obtained for chemically treated (formaldehyde-fixed) tissue in ambient air and TEM studies in high vacuum. We found that the microstructural parameters for the living tissue are similar to ones observed for the formaldehyde-fixed snake tissues. However, previous data obtained from TEM analysis in high vacuum underestimated actual dimensions of surface microstructures. The average spacing of the nanopit array observed within receptor surface areas, which was suggested to play a critical role in selective IR adsorption, was determined to be 520 nm. This value is close to the grating spacing required for efficient reflection of electromagnetic radiation characteristic for sunlight without affecting IR adsorbance. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Sci Biol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD FAL PY 2001 VL 2 IS 3 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1021/bm015537z PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 528RG UT WOS:000174256300018 PM 11710029 ER PT J AU English, JL Carell, ES Guidera, SA Tripp, HF AF English, JL Carell, ES Guidera, SA Tripp, HF TI Angiographic prevalence and clinical predictors of left subclavian stenosis in patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE peripheral vascular disease; coronary artery bypass grafting ID INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERIES; TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY; BYPASS-SURGERY; GRAFTS; STEAL; SURVIVAL AB The angiographic prevalence, clinical predictors, and sensitivity and specificity of a bilateral arm blood pressure differential for predicting proximal left subclavian artery stenosis were established in 492 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Seventeen subjects (3.5%) in the overall population and nine subjects (5.3%) with potential surgical coronary disease had proximal left subclavian stenosis. Precatheterization evidence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was the only predictor of subclavian stenosis in the overall population (P < 0.001; OR = 7.9; 95% Cl = 2.6-24.3) and in patients with potential surgical coronary disease (P = 0.04; OR = 5.4; 95% CI = 1.1-27.2). Both a bilateral blood pressure differential of > 10 mm Hg and of greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg had a good specificity but a poor sensitivity for predicting left subclavian stenosis. Thus, left subclavian angiography should be performed in patients with surgical coronary disease with either an arm blood pressure differential of > 10 mm Hg or with other precatheterization evidence of PVD. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 W Suburban Cardiologist Ltd, Hinsdale, IL 60521 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Carell, ES (reprint author), W Suburban Cardiologist Ltd, 908 N Elm St,Suite 202, Hinsdale, IL 60521 USA. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1522-1946 J9 CATHETER CARDIO INTE JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1002/ccd.1230 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 474KH UT WOS:000171105300003 PM 11553941 ER PT J AU Xie, W Gao, ZM Pan, WP Hunter, D Singh, A Vaia, R AF Xie, W Gao, ZM Pan, WP Hunter, D Singh, A Vaia, R TI Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CLAY-MINERALS; COMPOSITES; DIAGRAMS; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB The thermal stability of organically modified layered silicate (OLS) plays a key role in the synthesis and processing of polymer-layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites. The nonoxidative thermal degradation of montmorillonite and alkyl quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonite were examined using conventional and high-resolution TGA combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) and pyrolysis/GC-MS. The onset temperature of decomposition of these OLSs was approximately 155 degreesC via TGA and 180 degreesC via TGA-MS, where TGA-MS enables the differentiation of water desorbtion from true organic decomposition. Analysis of products (GC-MS) indicates that the initial degradation of the surfactant in the OLS follows a Hoffmann elimination reaction and that the architecture (trimethyl or dimethyl), chain length, surfactant mixture, exchanged ratio, or preconditioning (washing) does not alter the initial onset temperatures. Catalytic sites on the aluminosilicate layer reduce thermal stability of a fraction of the surfactants by an average of 15-25 degreesC relative to the parent alkyl quaternary ammonium salt. Finally, the release of organic compounds from the OLS is staged and is associated with retardation of product transfer arising from the morphology of the OLS. These observations have implications to understanding the factors impacting the interfacial strength between polymer and silicate and the subsequent impact on mechanical properties as well as clarifying the role (advantageous or detrimental) of the decomposition products in the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of polymer melt intercalation. C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Mat Characterizat, Thermal Anal Lab, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. So Clay Prod Inc, Gonzales, TX 78629 USA. Triton Syst Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, WP (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Mat Characterizat, Thermal Anal Lab, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. NR 49 TC 723 Z9 760 U1 26 U2 188 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2979 EP 2990 DI 10.1021/cm010305s PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 474JW UT WOS:000171104200039 ER PT J AU Wilson, TM Gregg, DA King, DJ Noah, DL Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE Inskeep, W AF Wilson, TM Gregg, DA King, DJ Noah, DL Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE Inskeep, W TI Agroterrorism, biological crimes, and biowarfare targeting animal agriculture - The clinical, pathologic, diagnostic, and epidemiologic features of some important animal diseases SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; VELOGENIC NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; A VIRUSES; VIROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; RAPID DETECTION; GREAT-BRITAIN; UNITED-STATES AB As a critical component of our national infrastructure, American agriculture is a broad-based, massive economic juggernaut with complex activities extending from the farm to the fork. Animal agriculture in the United States is highly vulnerable to intentional disease introduction. This article examines the clinical, pathologic, diagnostic, and epidemiologic features of foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, classic swine fever, and Newcastle disease. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Emergency Programs, Vet Serv, USDA,Armed Forces Med Intelligence Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Vet Serv, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USAF, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Wilson, TM (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Emergency Programs, Vet Serv, USDA,Armed Forces Med Intelligence Ctr, Bldg 1607, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 125 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 549 EP + PG 44 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 474NL UT WOS:000171113300010 PM 11572141 ER PT J AU Watson-Ramirez, L Rasmussen, SE Warschaw, KE Mulloy, JP Elston, DM AF Watson-Ramirez, L Rasmussen, SE Warschaw, KE Mulloy, JP Elston, DM TI Plantar fibromatosis: Use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID FOOT AB For patients presenting with classic features of plantar fibromatosis, a presumptive diagnosis may be made on clinical grounds alone. In less clear cases, a biopsy may allow confirmation of the diagnosis; however, a biopsy exposes the patient to operative complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a noninvasive method for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis that may obviate the need for a biopsy. We describe a case that demonstrates the potential of this technique. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD SEP PY 2001 VL 68 IS 3 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 474LG UT WOS:000171108000010 PM 11579789 ER PT J AU Miller, TC Liu, CT AF Miller, TC Liu, CT TI Pressure effects and fracture of a rubbery particulate composite SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fracture mechanics; crack growth; solid rocket motors; pressure effects; rubbery particulate composite ID CRACK-GROWTH AB The effects of pressure on the fracture properties of a rubbery particulate composite are studied. The results indicate elevated fracture toughness values and lower crack growth rates relative to ambient pressure conditions. The regression method employed for determining toughness establishes a minimum thickness requirement for application of linear elastic fracture mechanics concepts. Also, it is demonstrated that single edge notched tension specimens can be successfully used to predict the fracture initiation of specimens with semielliptical surface cracks. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Fracture Mech Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Miller, TC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Fracture Mech Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1007/BF02323142 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 467DM UT WOS:000170685600007 ER PT J AU Lanning, D Haritos, GK Nicholas, T Maxwell, DC AF Lanning, D Haritos, GK Nicholas, T Maxwell, DC TI Low-cycle fatigue/high-cycle fatigue interactions in notched Ti-6Al-4V SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE high-cycle fatigue; low-cycle fatigue; notches; titanium alloys ID STRESS-CONCENTRATION; CRACK-GROWTH; SPECIMENS AB Combined low-cycle fatigue/high-cycle fatigue (LCF/HCF) loadings were investigated for smooth and circumferentially V-notched cylindrical Ti-6Al-4V fatigue specimens. Smooth specimens were first cycled under LCF loading conditions for a fraction of the previously established fatigue life. The HCF 10(7) cycle fatigue limit stress after LCF cycling was established using a step loading technique. Specimens with two notch sizes, both having elastic stress concentration factors of K-t = 2.7, were cycled under LCF loading conditions at a nominal stress ratio of R = 0.1. The subsequent 10(6) cycle HCF fatigue limit stress at both R = 0.1 and 0.8 was determined. The combined loading LCF/HCF fatigue limit stresses for all specimens were compared to the baseline HCF fatigue limit stresses. :after LCF cycling and prior to HCF cycling, the notched specimens were heat tinted, and final fracture surfaces examined for cracks formed during the initial LCF loading. Fatigue test results indicate that the LCF loading, applied for 75% of total LCF life for the smooth specimens and 25% for the notched specimens, resulted in only small reductions in the subsequent HCF fatigue limit stress. Under certain loading conditions, plasticity-induced stress redistribution at the notch root during LCF cycling appears responsible for an observed increase in HCF fatigue limit stress, in terms of net section stress. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 24 IS 9 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00411.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 486ZF UT WOS:000171848700001 ER PT J AU Richardson, TA Robinson, RD Hickman, TN Davis, SR AF Richardson, TA Robinson, RD Hickman, TN Davis, SR TI Luteal phase progesterone support after in vitro fertilization: increased prevalence of vaginal bleeding using intravaginal natural progesterone versus intramuscular progesterone. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 76 IS 3 SU 3 MA P166 BP S167 EP S167 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02494-3 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 470HA UT WOS:000170863900459 ER PT J AU Kowall, SJ AF Kowall, SJ TI Space concerns SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Kowall, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC PI NEW YORK PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 5 BP 180 EP 180 DI 10.2307/20050317 PG 1 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 463ZC UT WOS:000170506300018 ER PT J AU Londergan, JT Meinardus, HW Mariner, PE Jackson, RE Brown, CL Dwarakanath, V Pope, GA Ginn, JS Taffinder, S AF Londergan, JT Meinardus, HW Mariner, PE Jackson, RE Brown, CL Dwarakanath, V Pope, GA Ginn, JS Taffinder, S TI DNAPL removal from a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer by surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; TRACER TESTS; FIELD-TEST; CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER; SOLVENTS; BEHAVIOR AB A demonstration of surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) was conducted at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah. Two surfactant floods were undertaken in a test section of a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer with a hydraulic conductivity range of 2.8 to 8.6 ft/day (10(5) to 10(4) m/sec) and a pore volume of approximately 15,000 gallons (57 m(3)). The wellfield installed for the demonstration consisted of lines of three injection and three extraction wells, a central monitoring well, and a single hydraulic control well. No physical barriers to flow, such as sheet-pile walls, were employed; surfactant flooding was controlled entirely by hydraulic manipulation of the flow field. The interwell distance between injectors and extractors was 20 feet (6 m); the distance between individual injectors and extractors in line was 10 feet (3 in). The water table was 25 feet (7.6 m) below ground surface with a saturated zone approximately 19-feet thick (5.8 in). Residual dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) remained in a zone of alluvium 42 to 46 feet (13 to 14 m) below ground surface following extraction of free-phase DNAPL. The injectors and extractors were screened in this DNAPL zone. Three partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITTs) and two surfactant floods were conducted over four months during 1996. The surfactant floods removed 341 out of 346 gallons of residual DNAPL (1290 of 1310 L), according to the PITTs. This represents a total recovery of about 98.5% of the DNAPL volume present in the zone of residual DNAPL as determined by comparing the initial and final PITTs. There was no reduction in hydraulic conductivity due to colloid mobilization during the surfactant floods; in fact, the hydraulic gradient across the test zone decreased as the floods progressed. Concentrations of dissolved total chlorinated hydrocarbons in the test section decreased from 1000 mg/L before the floods to less than 10 mg/L following the floods. This demonstration is evidence of the technical practicability of DNAPL removal from alluvium. C1 Duke Engn & Serv, Austin, TX 78758 USA. TengizChevrOil TCOV, Reservoir Management Dept, Atyrau Oblast 466440, Zhyloyoi Region, Kazakhstan. Environm Management Directorate, OO ALC, EMR, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. DE&S, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Londergan, JT (reprint author), Duke Engn & Serv, 9111 Res Blvd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2001.tb00642.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 494QW UT WOS:000172298200004 ER PT J AU Kehias, L Jenkins, T Quach, T Watson, P Welch, R Worley, R Oki, AK Yen, HC Gutierrez-Aitken, A Okamura, W Kaneshiro, E AF Kehias, L Jenkins, T Quach, T Watson, P Welch, R Worley, R Oki, AK Yen, HC Gutierrez-Aitken, A Okamura, W Kaneshiro, E TI Highest efficiency, linear X-band performance using InP DHBTs-48% PAE at 30 dB C/IM3 SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE InP DHBT; intermodulation distortion; linear efficiency; linear HBT; linear power amplifier ID HBT AB InP single heterojunction bipolar transistors have previously demonstrated 5-10 dB lower third-order intermodulation products (IM3) compared to GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) under low voltage (2 V) operation [1]. This paper reports excellent single-tone and two-tone X-band operation, including high two-tone power-added efficiency (PAE), on linear InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) operated at V-ce = 4 V. The InP DHBT demonstrated a 30 dB carrier to third-order intermodulation product (C/IM3) output power ratio simultaneously with 48% two-tone PAE. This is the highest known efficiency of an X-band device under linear (30 dB C/IM3) operation. This is especially significant for microwave power amplifiers for satellite communication transmitters, where lower intermodulation distortion is normally accomplished by backing off in RF drive and output power, thus sacrificing PAE performance. C1 USAF, AFRL, SNDM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. TRW Co Inc, Elect & Technol Div, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Kehias, L (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, SNDM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 11 IS 9 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1109/7260.950761 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 473PG UT WOS:000171054100001 ER PT J AU Milman, YV Miracle, DB Chugunova, SI Voskoboinik, IV Korzhova, NP Legkaya, TN Podrezov, YN AF Milman, YV Miracle, DB Chugunova, SI Voskoboinik, IV Korzhova, NP Legkaya, TN Podrezov, YN TI Mechanical behaviour of Al3Ti intermetallic and Ll(2) phases on its basis SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE trialuminides (TiAl3, NbAl3, etc.); mechanical properties at high temperatures; mechanical properties at ambient temperatures; work-hardening ID V-ZR ALLOYS; CUBIC PHASES; COMPOUND; DEFORMATION; CRYSTALS; HARDNESS; AL67TI25CR8; AL66TI25MN9; TRANSITION; STRENGTH AB The mechanical properties of trialuminide intermetallic Al3Ti and Ll(2) phases Al61Cr12Ti27 and Al66Mn11Ti23 were investigated by an indentation technique. The stress-strain curves were obtained using 9 pyramidal indenters with various angles of sharpening. The hot hardness was measured in the temperature range 20-900 degreesC, and the plasticity characteristic delta (H) was determined during indentation. Bending tests were used to determine Young's modulus, and compression tests were carried out as well. The transition of the crystalline structure from tetragonal Al3Ti to cubic L12 of Cr- and Mn doped intermetallics was accompanied by a decrease of hardness over the full range of the investigated temperatures. The temperature dependence of hardness is weak for all investigated intermetallics. The work hardening and mechanism of deformation are discussed. Plasticity characteristic delta (H) for the L1(2) phases is higher than for Al3Ti and is close to the critical value delta (H) = 0.9, which is correlated with bulk ductility, that gives some hope to obtain L1(2) phases based on Al3Ti with room temperature ductility. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, I Frantseuich Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Milman, YV (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, I Frantseuich Inst Problems Mat Sci, 3 Krzhizhanovsky Str, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM milman@materials.kiev.ua OI Milman, Yuly/0000-0003-1889-7373 NR 36 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 9 IS 9 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00073-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 485FN UT WOS:000171743000011 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, J TI The first global war: Britain, France, and the fate of North America, 1756-1775 SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, USAF Acad, CO USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAF Acad, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 23 IS 3 BP 655 EP 657 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 476TJ UT WOS:000171244600026 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, J TI The great frontier war: Britain, France, and the imperial struggle for North America, 1607-1775 SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, USAF Acad, CO USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAF Acad, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 23 IS 3 BP 655 EP 657 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 476TJ UT WOS:000171244600025 ER PT J AU Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, VK AF Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, VK TI Combined experimental-numerical investigation of fretting fatigue crack initiation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue crack initiation; titanium alloy ID CONTACT; DAMAGE; STRESS AB This study investigated the fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. Tests were conducted to generate fretting fatigue failures from 2x10(4) to 5x10(7) cycles at 200 Hz. Fractography was employed to determine number of cycles to crack initiation, crack location and angle of crack orientation. Finite element analysis was conducted based on the experimental information in order to assess the ability of two critical plane approaches to predict fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior; the Smith-Watson-Topper critical plane parameter and the maximum shear stress range critical plane parameter. When properly formulated, these parameters predicted number of cycles to crack initiation and location of crack initiation which were in agreement with the experimental counterparts. However, these two parameters predicted different orientation angles of crack initiation at the contact surface. Based on the observations of orientation angles, the combined experimental-numerical approach showed that the mechanism for fretting fatigue crack initiation was governed by the maximum shear stress range on the critical plane. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Air Force Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Res Lab, AFRL, PRTC, Aero Prop & Rockets Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP PY 2001 VL 23 IS 8 BP 703 EP 711 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00029-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 460QP UT WOS:000170320300005 ER PT J AU Thomas, SK Lykins, RC Yerkes, KL AF Thomas, SK Lykins, RC Yerkes, KL TI Fully developed laminar flow in trapezoidal grooves with shear stress at the liquid-vapor interface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HEAT PIPES; CAPILLARY; FRICTION AB This paper discusses the behavior of liquid flowing in a groove with a trapezoidal cross-section. For fully developed laminar flow, the conservation of mass and momentum equations reduce to the classic Poisson equation in terms of the liquid velocity. A finite difference solution was employed to determine the mean velocity, volumetric flow rate, and Poiseuille number (Po = fRe) as functions of the groove aspect ratio, groove-half angle, meniscus contact angle and imposed shear stress at the liquid-vapor interface. Comparisons with existing solutions for fully developed flow in rectangular ducts and rectangular and triangular grooves are provided. The Volumetric flow rate in a groove in which the fill amount varies is discussed. A semi-analytical solution and a two-point numerical solution for the mean velocity in a groove are presented and used to determine the capillary limit for a revolving helically grooved heat pipe. The effects of interfacial shear stress and groove fill ratio on heat pipe performance are investigated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. PRPG, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, SK (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 44 IS 18 BP 3397 EP 3412 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(01)00007-2 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 454YK UT WOS:000169999200002 ER PT J AU Fisher, JW Channel, SR Eggers, JS Johnson, PD MacMahon, KL Goodyear, CD Sudberry, GL Warren, DA Latendresse, JR Graeter, LJ AF Fisher, JW Channel, SR Eggers, JS Johnson, PD MacMahon, KL Goodyear, CD Sudberry, GL Warren, DA Latendresse, JR Graeter, LJ TI Trichloroethylene, trichloroacetic acid, and dichloroacetic acid: Do they affect fetal rat heart development? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dichloroacetic acid; fetal cardiac malformation; rat; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethylene ID DRINKING-WATER CONTAMINANTS; CARDIAC TERATOGENESIS; CHLORAL HYDRATE; B6C3F1 MICE; BY-PRODUCTS; MALFORMATIONS; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; PHARMACOKINETICS; METABOLITES AB Trichloroethylene (TCE), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) are commonly found as groundwater contaminants in many regions of the United States. Cardiac birth defects in children have been associated with TCE, and laboratory studies with rodents report an increased incidence of fetal cardiac malformations resulting from maternal exposures to TCE, TCA, and DCA. The objective of this study was to orally treat pregnant CDR( CD) Sprague-Dawley rats with large bolus doses of either TCE (500 mg/kg), TCA (300 mg/kg), or DCA (300 mg/kg) once per day on days 6 through 15 of gestation to determine the effectiveness of these materials to induce cardiac defects in the fetus. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) dissolved in soybean oil was used as a positive control. Soybean oil is commonly used as a dosing vehicle for RA teratology studies and was also used in this study as a dosing vehicle for TCE. Water was used as the dosing vehicle for TCA and DCA. Fetal hearts were examined on gestation day (GD) 21 by an initial in situ, cardiovascular stereomicroscope examination, and then followed by a microscopic dissection and examination of the formalin-fixed heart. The doses selected for TCA and DCA resulted in a modest decrease in maternal weight gain during gestation (3% to 8%). The fetal weights on GD 21 in the TCA and DCA treatment groups were decreased 8% and 9%, respectively, compared to the water control group and 21% in the RA treatment group compared to soybean oil control group. The heart malformation incidence for fetuses from the TCE-, TCA-, and DCA-treated dams did not differ from control values on a per fetus or per litter basis. The rate of heart malformations, on a per fetus basis, ranged from 3% to 5% for TCE, TCA, and DCA treatment groups compared to 6.5% and 2.9% for soybean oil and water control groups. The RA treatment group was significantly higher with 33% of the fetuses displaying heart defects. For TCE, TCA, and DCA treatment groups 42% to 60% of the litters contained at least one fetus with a heart malformation, compared to 52% and 37% of the litters in the soybean oil and water control groups. For the RA treatment group, 11 of 12 litters contained at least one fetus with a heart malformation. Further research is needed to quantify the spontaneous rates of heart defects for vehicle control rats and to explain the disparity between findings in the present study and other reported findings on the fetal cardiac teratogenicity of TCE, TCA, and DCA. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Fisher, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Latendresse, John/A-9215-2009 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 495JE UT WOS:000172336400002 PM 11766123 ER PT J AU Asta, M Ozolins, V Woodward, C AF Asta, M Ozolins, V Woodward, C TI A first-principles approach to modeling alloy phase equilibria SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TIGHT-BINDING APPROACH; NI-ZN SYSTEM; AL-SC ALLOYS; SUBSTITUTIONAL ALLOYS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ORDER-DISORDER; VIBRATIONAL ENTROPY; MONTE-CARLO; CR SYSTEM AB This paper presents a brief overview of recent developments in the application of first-principles calculations to the study of bulk and interfacial thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in alloys. Among the applications discussed are calculations of. bulk thermodynamic properties, phase boundaries, interfacial free energies, and precipitate morphologies. The article concludes by highlighting some further recent developments that are likely to lead to increasing applications of these modeling techniques. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2225 N Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-asta@northwestern.edu RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009 NR 80 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 53 IS 9 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s11837-001-0062-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 470LE UT WOS:000170872800003 ER PT J AU Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL AF Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL TI The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is a manufacturing technique with cost-reduction potential for titanium aerospace components. The mechanical properties of LAM Ti-6Al-4V have been investigated extensively, but little work on microstructure evolution has been performed to date. The results presented here provide a first look at the relationships between LAM processing parameters and microstructure in as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kobryn, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 12 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 11 U2 86 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 53 IS 9 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s11837-001-0068-x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 470LE UT WOS:000170872800009 ER PT J AU Willits, CJ Dietz, DC AF Willits, CJ Dietz, DC TI Nested fork-join queueing network model for analysis of airfield operations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID CLOSED QUEUING-NETWORKS; APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS AB This article presents a nested fork-join queueing network model of the synchronized ground processing of aircraft transiting an airfield. The queueing network is analyzed using a decomposition algorithm that provides approximate network performance measures such as throughput and expected queue lengths. The results produced are comparable in accuracy to those produced by simulation, but are generated in much less elapsed time. Using a case study of contingency operations at a military mobility airfield, we demonstrate the model's utility for rapidly developing important insights into operational performance. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Qwest Commun Int, Worldwide Emerging Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Willits, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 38 IS 5 BP 848 EP 855 DI 10.2514/2.2870 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 481NQ UT WOS:000171526200009 ER PT J AU Dean, DD Sylvia, VL Ehland, H Del Toro, F Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Dean, DD Sylvia, VL Ehland, H Del Toro, F Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI Activation of MAP kinase by 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 is mediated through PLC and PKC in growth zone chondrocytes. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1 BP S430 EP S430 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467MU UT WOS:000170709001229 ER PT J AU Del Toro, F Lohmann, CH Bannister, SR Liu, Y Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Schwartz, Z Dean, DD Boyan, BD AF Del Toro, F Lohmann, CH Bannister, SR Liu, Y Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Schwartz, Z Dean, DD Boyan, BD TI Surface topography modulates osteoblast response to shear force. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1 BP S255 EP S255 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467MU UT WOS:000170709000485 ER PT J AU Schwartz, Z Dean, DD Rosado, EE Sylvia, VL Boyan, BD AF Schwartz, Z Dean, DD Rosado, EE Sylvia, VL Boyan, BD TI TGF-beta 1 regulation of growth plate chondrocytes is mediated by multiple interacting pathways. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1 BP S358 EP S358 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467MU UT WOS:000170709000911 ER PT J AU Henry, E Brothers, HS AF Henry, E Brothers, HS TI Cost analysis between SABER and design bid build contracting methods SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The majority of Air Force construction is performed by two main contractual methods, design bid build (DBB) and simplified acquisition of base engineering requirements (SABER). DBB is the traditional contracting method in which each project is competitively bid. SABER uses one contractor to complete multiple projects using unit prices established in the original contract. This research performs a cost analysis between DBB and SABER construction projects. The research involved finding appropriate, comparable projects completed by the two contractual methods. Two diverse Air Force bases were used to gather project information, and a total of 46 interior renovation projects were used. Project comparability was demonstrated by evaluating the similarity of type and scope of work. Data from the projects was used to calculate unit cost per dimensional characteristic and time and cost growth for each project. The results indicated SABER contracting had a lower cost per square meter, although not at a statistical level of significance. SABER performed better in time growth. Cost growth was similar for both methods. C1 Civ Engr Squadron 8, Kunsan Air Base, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engrg & Mgmt, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Henry, E (reprint author), Civ Engr Squadron 8, Kunsan Air Base, South Korea. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 127 IS 5 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2001)127:5(359) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 475NN UT WOS:000171170900002 ER PT J AU Saba, T Illangasekare, TH Ewing, J AF Saba, T Illangasekare, TH Ewing, J TI Investigation of surfactant-enhanced dissolution of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquid chemicals in a two-dimensional groundwater flow field SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surfactant-enhanced dissolution; nonaqueous phase liquid; groundwater ID MASS-TRANSFER RATES; SOIL COLUMNS; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; RESIDUAL DODECANE; SOLUBILIZATION; REMEDIATION AB Because of their low solubility, waste chemicals in the form of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) that are entrapped in subsurface formations act as long-term sources of groundwater contamination. In the design of remediation schemes that use surfactants, it is necessary to estimate the mass transfer rate coefficients under multi-dimensional flow fields that exit at field sites. In this study, we investigate mass transfer under a two-dimensional flow field to obtain an understanding of the basic mechanisms of surfactant-enhanced dissolution and to quantify the mass transfer rates. Enhanced dissolution experiments in a two-dimensional test cell were conducted to measure rates of mass depletion from entrapped NAPLs to a flowing aqueous phase containing a surfactant. In situ measurement of transient saturation changes using a gamma attenuation system revealed dissolution patterns that are affected by the dimensionality of the groundwater flow field. Numerical modeling of local flow fields that changed with time, due to depletion of NAPL sources, enabled the examination of the basic mechanisms of NAPL dissolution in complex groundwater systems. Through nonlinear regression analysis, mass transfer rates were correlated to porous media properties, NAPL saturation and aqueous phase velocity. Results from the experiments and numerical analyses were used to identify deficiencies in existing methods of analysis that uses assumptions of one-dimensional flow. homogeneity of aquifer properties, local equilibrium and idealized transient mass transfer. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mantech Environm Engn, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Duke Engn & Serv, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Saba, T (reprint author), Mantech Environm Engn, Dover Natl Test Site,Bldg 909,Arnold Dr Ext, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00122-X PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 463JJ UT WOS:000170473100004 PM 11530927 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Myatt, JH Addington, GA Banda, S Hall, JK AF Singh, SN Myatt, JH Addington, GA Banda, S Hall, JK TI Optimal feedback control of vortex shedding using proper orthogonal decomposition models SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LOW-ORDER MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOWS AB This paper treats the question of control of two-dimensional incompressible, unsteady wake flow behind a circular cylinder at Reynolds number Re=100. Two finite-dimensional lower order models based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are considered for the control system design. Control action is achieved via cylinder rotation. Linear optimal control theory is used for obtaining stabilizing feedback control systems. Ali expression for the region of stability of the system is derived. Simulation results for 18-mode POD models obtained using the control,function and penalty methods are presented. These results show that ill the closed-loop system mode amplitudes asymptotically Converge to the chosen equilibrium state for each flow model for large perturbations in the initial states. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2001 VL 123 IS 3 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1115/1.1385513 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 476YG UT WOS:000171255900020 ER PT J AU Thomas, SK Lykins, RC Yerkes, KL AF Thomas, SK Lykins, RC Yerkes, KL TI Fully-developed laminar flow in sinusoidal grooves SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY; LIQUID; PERFORMANCE AB The flow of a constant property fluid through a sinusoidal groove has been analyzed. A numerical solution of the conservation of mass and momentum equations for fully developed flow is presented. The mean velocity, volumetric flow rate, and Poiseuille number are presented as functions of the groove geometry, meniscus contact angle, and shear stress at the liquid-vapor interface. In addition, a send-analytical solution for the normalized mean velocity in terms of the normalized shear stress at the meniscus is shown to agree with the numerical data quite well. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, SK (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2001 VL 123 IS 3 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1115/1.1385832 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 476YG UT WOS:000171255900025 ER PT J AU Denegri, CM Johnson, MR AF Denegri, CM Johnson, MR TI Limit cycle oscillation prediction using artificial neural networks SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CEAS/AIAA/ICASE/NASA Langley International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics CY JUN 22-25, 1999 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA SP CEAS, AIAA, ICASE, NASA ID FIGHTER AB A static artificial neural network in the form of a multilayer perceptron is investigated to determine its ability to predict linear and nonlinear flutter response characteristics. The network is developed and trained using linear flutter analysis and flight-test results from a fighter test. Eleven external store carriage configurations are used as training data, and three configurations are used as test cases. The network was successful in predicting the aeroelastic oscillation frequency and amplitude responses over a range of Mach numbers for two of the test cases. Predictions for the third test case were not as good. Several network sizes were investigated, and it was found that small networks tended to overgeneralize the training data and are not capable of accurate prediction beyond the sample space. Conversely, networks that were too large, or trained to error levels that were extreme, tended to memorize the training data, and are also unable to produce adequate predictions beyond the sample space. The results of this study indicate that relatively simple networks using small training sets can be used to predict both linear and nonlinear flutter response characteristics. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Div Engn, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Div Anal, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Denegri, CM (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Div Engn, 205 W D Ave,Suite 348, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 24 IS 5 BP 887 EP 895 DI 10.2514/2.4824 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 473FR UT WOS:000171030300004 ER PT J AU Haddad, TS Viers, BD Phillips, SH AF Haddad, TS Viers, BD Phillips, SH TI Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-styrene macromers SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE POSS; silsesquioxane; styrene; bulk polymerization; free radical ID POLY(NORBORNYL-POSS) COPOLYMERS; SILICA SURFACES; POLYMERS; OLIGOSILSESQUIOXANES; POLYMERIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; REACTIVITY; SYSTEMS; BLOCKS; MODEL AB Four polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) macromers, R(7)Si(8)O(1)2styrene (R=isobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or phenyl), containing a single polymerizable styrene unit were synthesized from the POSS-trisilanols R7Si7O9(OH)(3) in a high yield and purity. The base-assisted reaction to produce these macromers appears to be general for POSS-trisilanols of this type. However, in some cases it may be necessary to control the rate at which the base is introduced during reaction to prevent unwanted side reactions that decompose the trisilanol. Cyclohexyl-, cyclopentyl-, and isobutyl-substituted POSS-stryenes (at 30 wt% or approximately 4 mol% loadings) undergo free radical bulk polymerizations with styrene to produce polymers that show variation in the modulus above the glass transition temperature. The phenylPOSS derivative is too insoluble in styrene to undergo this polymerization. The effect on the modulus is more pronounced for the copolymers containing 30 wt% cycloalkylPOSS than that seen with isobutylPOSS, which is similar to that for bulk polymerized polystyrene. The effect of the group at the POSS cage on bulk polymer properties has been noted before and is presumed to arise from differences in polymer microstructure. C1 ERC Inc, AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Haddad, TS (reprint author), ERC Inc, AF Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 26 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0495 J9 J INORG ORGANOMET P JI J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 155 EP 164 AR UNSP 1053-0495/01/0900-0155/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015237627340 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 549PW UT WOS:000175454100002 ER PT J AU Kidd, CT Adams, JC AF Kidd, CT Adams, JC TI Fast-response heat-flux sensor for measurement commonality in hypersonic wind tunnels SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A fast-response heat-flux sensor, based on a modified Schmidt-Boelter gauge principle of operation, has been developed for commonality of heat transfer measurement methodologies in Arnold Engineering Development Center hypersonic wind tunnels. This sensor retains the direct-reading and self-generating high-output capabilities of the traditional Schmidt-Boelter gauge, but a novel fabrication feature provides near first-order exponential time response with time constants in the 10-15-ms range. This transducer can be used in blowdown wind tunnels as well as quasi-steady-state measurement applications. Coupled with recent developments in data correction and time-response algorithms, the development of this direct-reading sensor has significantly improved the accuracy and versatility of heat-flux measurements in hypersonic testing applications. Gauge design features, laboratory performance characterization, generalized algorithm development, and hypersonic wind-tunnel data comparisons are presented. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, Aircraft Syst Test & Evaluat Dept, Small Aeronaut Syst Branch, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Kidd, CT (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, Aircraft Syst Test & Evaluat Dept, Small Aeronaut Syst Branch, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, 675 2nd St, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM carl.kidd@arnold.af.mil; jcadams@arnold.af.mil NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 38 IS 5 BP 719 EP 729 DI 10.2514/2.3738 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 482JQ UT WOS:000171573400009 ER PT J AU Heetderks-Cox, MJE Alford, BB Bednar, CM Heiss, CJ Tauai, LA Edgren, KK AF Heetderks-Cox, MJE Alford, BB Bednar, CM Heiss, CJ Tauai, LA Edgren, KK TI CD-ROM nutrient analysis database assists self-monitoring behavior of active duty - Air Force personnel receiving nutrition counseling for weight loss SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM AB This study observed the effect of using a computerized vs manual method of self-monitoring among Air Force personnel receiving nutrition counseling for weight loss. Subjects who enrolled during the first 2 weeks of the 4-week recruitment period completed food records for 6 weeks using a CDROM nutrient database (intervention group) whereas those who enrolled during the last 2 weeks used a food record booklet (comparison group). Of the 42 subjects (n = 23 intervention group and n = 19 comparison group), only 13 intervention and 11 comparison group subjects (57% of study enrollees) submitted at least 1 food record during the study and were included in the analysis, which included review of pre- and poststudy questionnaires, food records, and focus group data. There were no significant differences between the number of days per week documented or average number of items recorded daily. All 9 intervention as compared to 2 comparison group subjects who completed a poststudy questionnaire searched for lower-energy and lower-fat items and reported changing their dietary intake as a result. All intervention group subjects who participated in a focus group (n = 6) had favorable comments about using the CD-ROM for monitoring and changing eating habits, indicating that it is a beneficial self-monitoring tool. Participants enjoyed the immediate dietary feedback, and computerized food records may be easier to interpret by nutrition counselors. A number of computerized nutrient databases are available to assist patients and consumers in managing nutritional concerns. C1 SGOPH, Med Grp 6, McDill AFB, FL 33621 USA. Texas Womans Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Denton, TX 76204 USA. Med Ctr Lewisville, Lewisville, TX USA. Dept Med Nutr, Offutt AFB, NE USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med Nutr, Diagnost & Therapeut Squadron 959, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Med 2000 Inc, Bedford, TX USA. RP Heetderks-Cox, MJE (reprint author), SGOPH, Med Grp 6, 8415 Bayshore Blvd, McDill AFB, FL 33621 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 101 IS 9 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00255-3 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 499BW UT WOS:000172552000018 PM 11573756 ER PT J AU Burkett, DA Lee, WJ Lee, KW Kim, HC Lee, HI Lee, JS Shin, EH Wirtz, RA Cho, HW Claborn, DM Coleman, RE Klein, RA AF Burkett, DA Lee, WJ Lee, KW Kim, HC Lee, HI Lee, JS Shin, EH Wirtz, RA Cho, HW Claborn, DM Coleman, RE Klein, RA TI Light, carbon dioxide, and octenol-baited mosquito trap and host-seeking activity evaluations for mosquitoes in a malarious area of the Republic of Korea SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Korea; light traps; Anopheles sinensis; mosquito surveillance; attractants ID SAMPLING METHODS; SURVEILLANCE; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; ATTRACTANTS; TANZANIA; ODOR AB Two field trials for commercially available and experimental mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, octenol, or combinations of these were evaluated in a malarious area at Paekyeon-Ri near Tongil- Chon (village) and Camp Greaves, Paju County, Kyonggi Province. Republic of Korea. The host-seeking activity for common mosquito species was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human-and propane lantern-baited Shannon trap. The total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the test were compared using 8 X 8 and 5 X 5 Latin square designs based on trap location. Significant differences were observed for the total number of mosquitoes collected in the 8 X 8 test, such that counterflow geometry (CFG) with CO2 : CFG with CO2 and octenol greater than or equal to Shannon trap greater than or equal to Mosquito Magnet with octenol > American Biophysics Corporation (ABC) light trap with light. CO2 (500 ml/min), and octenol greater than or equal to ABC light trap with light and dry ice ! ABC light trap with light and CO2 greater than or equal to ABC light trap with light only. A concurrent 5 X 5 test found significant differences in trap catch, where Mosquito Magnet with octenol > New Jersey light trap greater than or equal to EPAR(TM) Mosquito Killer with CO2 greater than or equal to ABC light trap with light and dry ice > Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light trap (manufactured by John W. Hock) with light and octenol. Significant differences in trap catch were noted for several species including: Aedes vexans, Anopheles sinensis, An. yatsushiroensis, An. lesteri, Culex pipiens, and Cx, orientalis, Traps baited with octenol captured significantly fewer Cx. pipiens than those not baited with octenol. Likewise. no Cx, orientalis were captured in octenol-baited traps. Host-seeking activity showed a similar bimodal pattern for all species captured, Results from these field trap evaluations can significantly enhance surveillance efforts. Significantly greater numbers of mosquitoes were captured with mosquito traps using counterflow technology (e.g., Mosquito Magnet and CFG traps) when compared to standard light and carbon dioxide-baited traps. Additionally, field evaluations demonstrate that various traps can be utilized for isolation and detection of arbovriuses and other pathogens. C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, AFIERA, Okinawa, Japan. Korean Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Viral Dis, Eunpyung Gu, Seoul 122701, South Korea. USA, Med Dept 5, Med Command 18, Unit 14247, APO, AP 96205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA Med, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, APO, AP 96546 USA. RP Burkett, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, AFIERA, Detachment 3, Okinawa, Japan. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 196 EP 205 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552YA UT WOS:000175646600007 PM 14529088 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, JT TI Pavie in the borderlands: The journey of Theodore Pavie to Louisiana and Texas, 1829-1930, including portions of his 'Souvenirs Atlantiques' SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORIANS EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC PI W LAFAYETTE PA PURDUE UNIV, 1358 UNIV HALL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1358 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 548 EP 550 DI 10.2307/3125288 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 503LQ UT WOS:000172800300023 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, JT TI Voyage to North America, 1884-45: Prince Carl of Solms's Texas diary of people, places and events SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORIANS EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC PI W LAFAYETTE PA PURDUE UNIV, 1358 UNIV HALL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1358 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 548 EP 550 DI 10.2307/3125288 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 503LQ UT WOS:000172800300024 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Hanning, EA Schunemann, PG AF Zelmon, DE Hanning, EA Schunemann, PG TI Refractive-index measurements and Sellmeier coefficients for zinc germanium phosphide from 2 to 9 mu m with implications for phase matching in optical frequency-conversion devices SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; ZNGEP2 AB Recent experiments in mid-IR frequency conversion reveal that older Sellmeier models for zinc germanium phosphide are inadequate for predicting phase-matching loci in zinc germanium phosphide optical frequency-conversion devices. This results in compromised device performance. We conduct a complete study of the refractive indices of zinc germanium phosphide from 2 to 9 mum and calculate new Sellmeier coefficients. The phase-matching calculations based an our new refractive-index data predict much more closely the results of several different mid-IR frequency-conversion experiments. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sanders, MER 15 1813, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPS, Bldg 651,3005 P St,Room 243, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1307 EP 1310 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.001307 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 468WE UT WOS:000170780500008 ER PT J AU Mullins, CJ AF Mullins, CJ TI A study of Kim Jong-il SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB This paper is a political and military study of Kim Jong-il. It analyzes his background and personality. It also digs into the political environment surrounding Kim Jong-il in order to determine whether he could be profiled enough to provide some predictability regarding how he might react to political stimuli. The author begins with the assumption that because Kim Jong-il is Asian, he would have a proclivity toward Asian philosophers and strategists. The author theorizes that Sun Tzu would be the military strategist who would most influence Kim Jong-il's thinking as well as that of his North Korean military staff. The author's research identifies a thread of continuity linking the study of Sun Tzu's philosophy from Mao Zedong through Kim II Sung to Kim jong-il. This is used as a basis for predicting how Kim Jong-il might react militarily. In order to predict what he might do politically, the author analyzed the environment in which Kim Jong-il was raised, the economic and political structure of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Kim's behavior since assuming power. Finally, the author assesses the weapons' buildup in the DPRK and the US strategic response. In conclusion, the author speculates about the potential political and military behavior of Kim Jong-il and provides a judgement regarding how the US should respond to Kim Jong-il. C1 USAF, War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Mullins, CJ (reprint author), USAF, War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU KOREAN INST DEFENSE ANALYSES PI SEOUL PA OFFICE RESEARCH COOPERATION, PO BOX 250,, SEOUL 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 181 EP 212 PG 32 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 477FZ UT WOS:000171273800008 ER PT J AU Propst, AM Quade, BJ Gargiulo, AR Nowak, RA Stewart, EA AF Propst, AM Quade, BJ Gargiulo, AR Nowak, RA Stewart, EA TI Adenomyosis demonstrates increased expression of the basic fibroblast growth factor receptor/ligand system compared with autologous endometrium SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE basic fibroblast growth factor; basic fibroblast growth factor receptor; cellular proliferation; adenomyosis; menopause ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CELLS; LEIOMYOMAS AB Objectives: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an angiogenic growth factor present in human endometrium and myometrium. Women with leiomyoma-related abnormal uterine bleeding have local dysregulation of bFGF and its type 1 receptor (FGF-R). This study was designed to evaluate if adenomyosis expresses bFGF and FGF-R, and if present, to compare bFGF and FGF-R expression in adenomyosis and autologous endometrium. Design: Menopausal uteri containing endometrium and adenomyosis were analyzed using immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies specific for bFGF. FGF-R, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of cellular proliferation. The expression and intensity of staining for bFGF, FGF-R, and PCNA were evaluated in the glandular epithelium and stroma of adenomyosis and endometrium. Results: Glandular epithelial staining was significantly greater in adenomyosis compared with autologous endometrium for bFGF and FGF-R. Stromal staining for bFGF and PCNA was significantly increased in adenomyosis compared with autologous endometrium. Conclusions: Upregulation of the bFGF receptor/ligand system and increased cellular proliferation in adenomyosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with adenomyosis. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med,Div Reprod Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Propst, AM (reprint author), MMNO, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-72594]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-115301] NR 12 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.1097/00042192-200109000-00012 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 469LH UT WOS:000170816600012 PM 11528364 ER PT J AU Murad, E AF Murad, E TI Heterogeneous chemical processes as a source of persistent meteor trains SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; ABLATION; SHOWER; LIDAR; DUST AB Observations of long-lasting persistent trains following the entry of some meteoroids into the Earth's atmosphere are suggested to arise in part from the interaction between meteoroid components and the atmosphere and in the heterogeneous recombination reaction of atmospheric O atoms with NO. The latter occurs on the surfaces of dust left by the explosive fragmentation of larger meteoroids. A strong role is attributed to reactions of troilite (FeS), a meteorite component, with the atmosphere at elevated temperatures. The suggestions made in this paper complement previous work that suggested that long-lived emissions results from a variety of species made in the shock of larger meteoroids. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Murad, E (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1217 EP 1224 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 478JU UT WOS:000171343900003 ER PT J AU Day, GE AF Day, GE TI The seventh annual Hugh J. Clausen Lecture on leadership SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 169 BP 141 EP 153 PG 13 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 493JB UT WOS:000172217900004 ER PT J AU White, KS AF White, KS TI The Tuskegee Airmen: The men who changed a nation SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP White, KS (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Contract & Fiscal Law, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 169 BP 180 EP 188 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 493JB UT WOS:000172217900006 ER PT J AU Martin, M AF Martin, M TI Impact of TriCare/managed care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, ARNP, DNS, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), USAF, ARNP, DNS, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400001 ER PT J AU Roudebush, JG Carlton, PK AF Roudebush, JG Carlton, PK TI Patient movement in the Pacific SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, MC, CFS, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Roudebush, JG (reprint author), USAF, MC, CFS, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400002 ER PT J AU Procaccino, JA AF Procaccino, JA TI Commitment - Commentary SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Procaccino, JA (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP 744 EP 745 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400006 ER PT J AU Carbone, EG Cigrang, JA AF Carbone, EG Cigrang, JA TI Job satisfaction, occupational stress, and personality characteristics of air force military training instructors SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The authors present findings from the preliminary stage of a research program intended to improve the selection and retention of U.S. Air Force military training instructors (MTIs). Data derived from an initial sample of 100 incumbent instructors are discussed. Global job satisfaction and occupational stress levels, along with normal personality traits measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, are presented. Results indicate a wide range of reported job satisfaction and stress among MTIs, with a sizable proportion indicating that they would not volunteer for this duty again. Several personality characteristics appear to be salient in distinguishing satisfied and adaptive MTIs from those who are unsatisfied and coping poorly. The authors outline plans for the long-term continuation and expansion of the project to develop an empirically based selection system for the MTI career field. C1 Sperduto & Associates, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Behav Hlth Psychol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Carbone, EG (reprint author), Sperduto & Associates, 300 Peachtree Ctr N,235 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP 800 EP 802 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400018 PM 11569445 ER PT J AU Bonner, T AF Bonner, T TI John Faulkner's divided selves (American South, fiction) SO MISSISSIPPI QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Bonner, T (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSISSIPPI QUARTERLY PI MISSISSIPPI STATE PA PO BOX 5272, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA SN 0026-637X J9 MISS QUART JI Mississippi Q. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 54 IS 4 BP 513 EP 526 PG 14 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA 578TM UT WOS:000177136000013 ER PT J AU Delgrande, JM Mathews, KA AF Delgrande, JM Mathews, KA TI Nonnegative anisotropic group cross sections: A hybrid Monte Carlo-discrete elements-discrete ordinates approach SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC SPATIAL QUADRATURE; RADIATION TRANSPORT; CELLS AB Conventional discrete ordinates transport calculations often produce negative fluxes due to unphysical negative scattering cross sections and/or as artifacts of spatial differencing schemes such as diamond difference. Inherently nonnegative spatial methods, such as the nonlinear, exponential characteristic spatial quadrature, eliminate negative fluxes while providing excellent accuracy, presuming the group-to-group, ordinate-to-ordinate cross sections are all nonnegative. A hybrid approach is introduced in which the flow from spatial cell to spatial cell uses discrete ordinates spatial quadratures, while anisotropic scattering of flux from one energy-angle bin (energy group and discrete element of solid angle) to another such bin is modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the bin-to-bin cross sections. The directional elements the the sphere of directions; the ordinates for the spatial quadrature are at the centroids of the elements. The method is developed and contrasted with previous schemes for positive cross sections. An algorithm for evaluating the Monte Carlo (MC)-discrete elements (MC-DE) cross sections is described, and some test cases are presented. Transport calculations using MC-DE cross sections are compared with calculations using conventional cross sections and with MCNP calculations. In this testing, the new method is about as accurate as the conventional approach, and often is more accurate. The exponential characteristic spatial quadrature, using the MC-DE cross sections, is shown to provide useful results where linear characteristic and spherical harmonics provide negative scalar fluxes in every cell in a region. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Delgrande, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 139 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 464TJ UT WOS:000170547600003 ER PT J AU Krivak, TC Rose, GS McBroom, JW Carlson, JW Winter, WE Kost, ER AF Krivak, TC Rose, GS McBroom, JW Carlson, JW Winter, WE Kost, ER TI Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ: A systematic review of therapeutic options and predictors of persistent or recurrent disease SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Review ID CONE BIOPSY MARGINS; IN-SITU; UTERINE CERVIX; INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; LOOP EXCISION; INSITU; MANAGEMENT; CONIZATION; CARCINOMA AB The incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ is increasing in frequency, and our limited knowledge about this lesion presents the physician with a therapeutic dilemma. Treatment for this lesion has included conservative therapy, large loop excision or cold-knife cone biopsy, or definitive therapy consisting of hysterectomy. But, rates of residual adenocarcinoma in situ after cone biopsy with negative margins vary from 0% to 40%, and residual disease rates as high as 80% have been noted when the margins are positive. Despite these recent data on follow-up after conservative therapy such as cone biopsy, it seems that this method is safe and gaining acceptance by many physicians and patients. However, the short follow-up duration and small number of patients limit the conclusions of many studies. The relative infrequency of this diagnosis has precluded extensive clinical experience with the natural history of this lesion. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gynecol Oncol Fellowship, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Krivak, TC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 56 IS 9 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1097/00006254-200109000-00023 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 469PF UT WOS:000170823500003 PM 11524622 ER PT J AU Harville, DL AF Harville, DL TI Hidden value: How great companies achieve extraordinary results with ordinary people. SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEAI, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Harville, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEAI, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY INC PI BOWLING GREEN PA 745 HASKINS ROAD, SUITE A, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 USA SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 474AM UT WOS:000171082200009 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Ganguly, BN AF Williamson, JM Ganguly, BN TI He metastable density in a double layer formed by a diameter discontinuity in a positive column SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; PLASMA; MODEL AB The population density profile of triplet metastable He (2 S-3(1)) is measured in the multiple space-charge (double) layer formed at an abrupt transition of the tube diameter in a positive column discharge. The double layer is formed at the transition from a 2.6 cm diameter to a 0.6 cm diameter tube in a static pressure discharge. The line integrated He 2 S-3(1) population density profile in the double-layer region is determined by diode-laser absorption. The triplet metastable density profiles are measured with discharge currents of 1, 2, and 5 mA at 1 Torr pressure for both polarity conditions: (a) when the cathode end of the discharge is in the large diameter tube and (b) when the anode end of the discharge is in the large diameter tube. The diode-laser absorption profiles show enhanced production of triplet metastable He 2 S-3(1) in the double-layer region as compared to the unperturbed positive column (0.6 cm. diameter) with the magnitude being strongly dependent on the discharge polarity. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 036403 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 474ZD UT WOS:000171136400077 PM 11580450 ER PT J AU Fritz, JM Wainner, RS AF Fritz, JM Wainner, RS TI Examining diagnostic tests: An evidence-based perspective SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Review DE diagnosis; evidence-based practice; likelihood ratio; sensitivity; specificity ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING; MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE; CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME; SACROILIAC JOINT; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL TREATMENT AB Diagnosis is an important aspect of physical therapist practice. Selecting tests that will provide the most accurate information and evaluating the results appropriately are important clinical skills. Most of the discussion in physical therapy to date has centered on defining diagnosis, with considerably less attention paid to elucidating the diagnostic process. Determining the best diagnostic tests for use in clinical situations requires an ability to appraise evidence in the literature that describes the accuracy and interpretation of the results of testing. Important issues for judging studies of diagnostic tests are not widely disseminated or adhered to in the literature. Lack of awareness of these issues may lead to misinterpretation of the results. The application of evidence to clinical practice also requires an understanding of evidence and its use in decision making. The purpose of this article is to present an evidence-based perspective on the diagnostic process in physical therapy. Issues relevant to the appraisal of evidence regarding diagnostic tests and integration of the evidence into patient management are presented. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Fritz, JM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, 6035 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Abbott, J./B-2976-2008 OI Abbott, J./0000-0001-6468-7284 NR 120 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1546 EP 1564 PG 19 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 468BN UT WOS:000170738400006 PM 11688591 ER PT J AU Watrous, JJ Luginsland, JW Frese, MH AF Watrous, JJ Luginsland, JW Frese, MH TI Current and current density of a finite-width, space-charge-limited electron beam in two-dimensional, parallel-plate geometry SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CHILD-LANGMUIR LAW AB The current carried by a steady-state, finite-width beam produced by space-charge-limited emission in two-dimensional parallel plate geometry is known to diverge strongly from estimates based on the classic one-dimensional Child-Langmuir problem. The two-dimensional problem presents formidable analytic difficulties, but a numerical approach to this problem has been developed. The approach simultaneously determines the electrostatic potential and the unknown current density profile. Calculations show that the total current is a function of the dimensionless ratio of beam width (w) to anode-cathode gap (d), but that the current density profile varies with both w and d separately. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Watrous, JJ (reprint author), NumerEx, 2309 Renard Pl,Suite 220, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 9 BP 4202 EP 4210 DI 10.1063/1.1391262 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 466LW UT WOS:000170647900044 ER PT J AU Benzick, JM AF Benzick, JM TI Serotonin syndrome preceding pseudoseizures in an adolescent SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Med Corps, Mental Hlth Clin, Osan Air Base, South Korea. RP Benzick, JM (reprint author), USAF, Med Corps, Mental Hlth Clin, Osan Air Base, South Korea. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 5 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.42.5.441 PG 3 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 487PU UT WOS:000171885100015 PM 11739917 ER PT J AU Pedersen, TR Carlson, HC AF Pedersen, TR Carlson, HC TI First observations of HF heater-produced airglow at the high frequency active auroral research program facility: Thermal excitation and spatial structuring SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE ENHANCEMENTS; F-REGION; IONIZATION ENHANCEMENTS; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; RADIO-WAVES; IONOSPHERE; CAVITIES; MODEL AB HF heater-produced artificial airglow emissions at 630.0 nm were detected at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) ionospheric research facility near Gakona, Alaska (62.39 degrees N 145.15 degrees W), for the first time in March 1999. HF excitation was identified by virtue of two measurements: A region of emissions enhanced 50-60 R above the background of similar to 100 R was observed in the approximate region illuminated by the HF heater beam; and the rise and decay of the airglow followed the HF transmitter on/off cycle with time constants of approximately 80 s and 50 s, respectively. The observations were made in close proximity to the natural aurora, which gradually moved southward over the site during the experiment and eventually overwhelmed the much weaker artificial airglow. Significant structure in the airglow region was observed, including an overall equatorward displacement relative to the nominal transmitter beam, preferential occurrence of intensity maxima along the overhead field line up to and including magnetic zenith, and periods of elongation of the airglow region along the magnetic meridian and later parallel to the encroaching auroral zone. We discuss potential sources of this structuring of the emission shape including auroral plasma transport and neutral winds. Transmitter frequencies of 3.1-3.3 MHz matched the ionospheric plasma frequency near the F region peak at high altitudes of 300-350 km. We identify the primary mechanism behind excitation of the 630.0 nm airglow as thermal electron excitation on the basis of this evidence, along with thermal balance arguments, further substantiated by the observed asymmetry in rise and decay times and a lack of detectable emissions at 557.7 nm. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSB 11, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Pedersen, TR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSB 11, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1026 DI 10.1029/2000RS002399 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 482HN UT WOS:000171570900015 ER PT J AU Bishop, GJ Daniell, RE Rao, S Mazzella, AJ Bullett, TW AF Bishop, GJ Daniell, RE Rao, S Mazzella, AJ Bullett, TW TI An application of Parameterized Real-Time Ionospheric Specification Model to regional ionospheric specification SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We are currently utilizing the Parameterized Real-Time Ionospheric Specification Model (PRISM) as a platform for deriving real-time regional ionospheric specification. This application involves supporting PRISM with a limited set of real-time sensor input and obtaining from PRISM a specification of ionospheric densities over a region extending to a radius of 2000-3000 km. In the initial work on this effort we have examined both data assimilation and model validation techniques, on a regional basis. We seek improved techniques for regional ionospheric specification using primarily GPS and ionosonde data as model input and mechanisms for both after-the-fact and real-time assessment of the quality of the resulting specification. We will examine, for one region, data selection and application, data quality and accuracy, and approaches for obtaining a figure of merit on the specification product. We will present some results from a short regional test of these methods and discuss issues involved in generalizing to larger studies and other regions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. RP Bishop, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1263 DI 10.1029/2000RS002436 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 482HN UT WOS:000171570900036 ER PT J AU Rice, BP Chen, CG Cloos, L Curliss, D AF Rice, BP Chen, CG Cloos, L Curliss, D TI Carbon fiber composites: Organoclay-aerospace epoxy nanocomposites, Part I SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The development of nanostructured materials opens a new paradigm where composite in matrix resins can be tailored to optimize properties of interest just as fiber orientation is used to optimize current advanced composites. The type of nano-reinforcement selected for this research is a montmorillonite-based organclay which is commercially available, at a reasonable cost. We have demonstrated two approaches for fabricating continuous carbon fiber composites with an aerospace epoxy/organoclay matrix. Matrix-dominated mechanical properties were measured as well. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rice, BP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 1 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 468ET UT WOS:000170745700004 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Curliss, D AF Chen, CG Curliss, D TI Resin matrix composites: Organoclay-aerospace epoxy nanocomposites, Part II SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES AB The matrix phase of a fiber reinforced composite serves to transfer load between the reinforcing fibers, enables the composite to be processed into the geometry required, and provides the primary environmental durability of the component. Nanocomposite polymers have tremendous potential to enhance the performance of polymers used for composite matrices. The reported performance improvements in polymers modified with low loadings of organo mica-type silicates offer promise of economically improving the performance of the fiber reinforced composite. In this research, a low-cost epoxy resin suitable for use as a composite matrix (Epon 862 and Curing Agent W) was modified with various modified clays (montmorillonite) and characterized. The organic treatment of clay was found to be compatible with aerospace epoxy resin and was used to prepare the nanocomposites. The characterization of the wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrates that exfoliated nanocomposites were formed. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows that the storage modulus of the nanocomposite is higher than that of the pristine polymer, which is ascribed to the high aspect ratio and high strength of the nanoclay. The solvent uptake, such as acetone for the nanocomposite, is significantly reduced compared with the pristine polymer, which is ascribed to the barrier effect of nanosheets of the nanoclay. Mechanical property measurement of nanocomposite materials includes fracture toughness, strength and modulus. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, CG (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 8 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 468ET UT WOS:000170745700005 ER PT J AU Schwartz, Z Sylvia, VL Luna, MH DeVeau, P Whetstone, R Dean, DD Boyan, BD AF Schwartz, Z Sylvia, VL Luna, MH DeVeau, P Whetstone, R Dean, DD Boyan, BD TI The effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 on protein kinase C activity in chondrocytes is mediated by phospholipase D whereas the effect of 1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)D-3 is mediated by phospholipase C SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE chondrocyte cultures; phospholipase D; 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3; protein kinase C; signal transduction; cell maturation ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; RESTING ZONE CHONDROCYTES; CARTILAGE CELLS-INVITRO; ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR; ARACHIDONIC-ACID TURNOVER; GROWTH ZONE; RAT-BRAIN; MEMBRANE-RECEPTOR; NONGENOMIC REGULATION; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE AB 1 alpha ,25-(OH)(2)D-3 regulates protein kinase C (PKC) activity in growth zone chondrocytes by stimulating increased phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity and subsequent production of diacylglycerol (DAG). In contrast, 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 regulates PKC activity in resting zone (RC) cells, but PLC does not appear to be involved, suggesting that phospholipase D (PLD) may play a role in DAG production. In the present study, we examined the role of PLD in the physiological response of RC cells to 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and determined the role of phospholipases D, C, and A(2) as well as G-proteins in mediating the effects of vitamin D-3 metabolites on PKC activity in RC and GC cells. Inhibition of PLD with wortmannin or EDS caused a dose-dependent inhibition of basal [H-3]-thymidine incorporation by RC cells and further increased the inhibitory effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3. Wortmannin also inhibited basal alkaline phosphatase, activity and [S-35] -sulfate incorporation and decreased the stimulatory effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3. This inhibitory effect of wortmannin was not seen in cultures treated with the PI-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, verifying that wortmannin affected PLD. Wortmannin also inhibited basal PKC activity and partially blocked the stimulatory effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 on this enzyme activity. Neither inhibition of PI-PLC with U73122, nor PC-PLC with D609, modulated PKC activity. Wortmannin had no effect on basal PLD in GC cells, nor on 1 alpha ,25-(OH)(2)D-3-dependent PKC. Inhibition of PI-PLC blocked the 1 alpha ,25-(OH)(2)D-3-dependent increase in PKC activity but inhibition of PC-PLC had no effect. Activation of PLA(2) with melittin inhibited basal and 24R, 25-(OH)(2)D-3-stimulated PKC in RC cells and stimulated basal and 1 alpha ,25-(OH)(2)D-3-stimulated PKC in GC cells, but wortmannin had no effect on the melittin-induced changes in either cell type. Pertussis toxin modestly increased the effect of 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 on PKC, whereas GDP betaS had no effect, suggesting that PLD2 is the isoform responsible. This indicates that 1 alpha ,25-(OH)(2)D-3 regulates PKC in GC cells via PI-PLC and PLA(2), but not PC-PLC or PLD, whereas 24R,25-(OH)(2)D-3 regulates PKC in RC cells via PLD2. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Lackland AFB, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM BoyanB@uthscsa.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603, DE-05937] NR 60 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X EI 1878-5867 J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD SEP PY 2001 VL 66 IS 9 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S0039-128X(01)00100-3 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 461WJ UT WOS:000170386500003 PM 11546556 ER PT J AU Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA AF Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA TI Arguments for p-type Si1-xGex/Si quantum well photodetectors for the far- and very-far (terahertz)-infrared SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE QWIPs; terahertz; far-infrared; detection wavelength; thermionic emission; heavy-hole; light-hole; split-off ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS AB An analysis, by a carrier scattering approach, of the thermionic emission contribution to the dark current is carried out in conventional bound-to-continuum quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). It is found that the thermionic emission increases with increasing temperature or when extending the detection wavelength from mid- to far-infrared. Considering p-type instead of n-type material, however, the increased effective mass decreases the thermionic emission. Designs for mid- and far-infrared p-type QWIPs based on the Si1-xGex/Si system are discussed for both normal and non-normal incident geometries. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, IMP, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHC,Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gadir, MA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, IMP, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1006/spmi.2001.0999 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 504LX UT WOS:000172859100003 ER PT J AU Jones, JG Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Jones, JG Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS TI Characterization of plume fluence for laser ablation of yttria stabilized zirconia in mixed oxygen and argon environments SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE laser ablation; yttria stabilized zirconia; plasma diagnostic; structure ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; GROWTH; LAYERS; TIN AB Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a versatile and efficient deposition technique that produces a highly energetic plume, from which films are grown. The plume characteristics are highly dependent on background environment conditions, with low pressure oxygen being the most common choice for the deposition of highly oriented yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films. Emission intensity measurements of the plume excited and ionized species were made using four different narrow band filters in conjunction with a high-speed photomultiplier tube and digital oscilloscope. Experiments were performed with five background gas compositions containing oxygen and argon, at seven different pressures ranging from 0.3 Pa to 26.7 Pa. For Ar/O-2 gas mixtures, there was an optimum background pressure of 1-10 Pa, providing a highest level of plasma ionization and excitation. Plume species were also considerably decelerated through gas collisions at pressures above 1 Pa. For films grown at approximately I Pa pressure, the variation of Ar/O-2 background gas compositions had a minor effect on YSZ crystal size and lattice parameters. Film crystallinity was drastically improved, when negative bias was applied to the substrate. This was explained by the presence of Zr ions in the plume, which accelerate with negative bias to provide surface ion bombardment and structure reconstruction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 146 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01473-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 500DY UT WOS:000172611700038 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Hu, JJ Fitz, TA Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Hu, JJ Fitz, TA Zabinski, JS TI Tribological properties of adaptive nanocomposite coatings made of yttria stabilized zirconia and gold SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE nanocomposite; zirconia; gold; tribology ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; RECORDING MEDIA; WEAR BEHAVIOR; FRICTION; CERAMICS; LUBRICATION; WATER; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE AB Composite coating architectures where hard nanocrystalline grains are embedded in an amorphous matrix provide considerable improvement in hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and environmental adaptation. Using this concept, nanocrystalline yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was embedded in an amorphous YSZ/Au matrix to address problems with YSZ ceramics in sliding wear. The coatings were produced by a hybrid of laser ablation of YSZ and magnetron sputtering of Au. Coating composition and microstructure were investigated using a number of analytical techniques, and correlated with results of sliding friction tests at 25 and 500 degreesC. In situ transmission electron microscope imaging of microstructure evolution during a temperature cycling from 25 to 500 degreesC was performed to explain changes in tribological properties. In comparison to YSZ ceramic, YSZ/Au coatings were tougher, formed less wear debris, and reduced friction coefficients from 1.0 to 0.3-0.4 at 25 degreesC and to 0.2 at heating to 500 degreesC. Improvements in tribological properties were related to the microstructure adaptive changes at elevated temperatures and formation of lubricating Au transfer films. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 146 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01396-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 500DY UT WOS:000172611700053 ER PT J AU Konecki, EA Bee, C Hensley, R Reilly, P Ornstein, D Shaunessesy, P Ririe, D Kissack, B Doren, S AF Konecki, EA Bee, C Hensley, R Reilly, P Ornstein, D Shaunessesy, P Ririe, D Kissack, B Doren, S TI A novel method for processing stem cells SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2001 VL 41 IS 9 SU S BP 96S EP 96S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 472TV UT WOS:000171001800365 ER PT J AU Brady, SP Cunningham, WA AF Brady, SP Cunningham, WA TI Exploring predatory pricing in the airline industry SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB While there is broad agreement that airline deregulation has resulted in a general reduction in airfares, the industry has been criticized for unfair competition. The authors examine the charge that major airlines practice predatory pricing to drive out smaller competitors. First, the authors outline a brief history of airline deregulation, followed by a review of traditional legal and economic views of predatory pricing, and an examination of the fit of the airline industry, as a service, to an economic principle usually applied to the sale of tangible goods. The authors then present the means by which airlines practice price discrimination. Finally, they assess the Department Of Transportation's approach to addressing alleged airline predatory practices, extending the determination of predation beyond the traditionally accepted views presented previously. The authors conclude that the DoT's approach is rational. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brady, SP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS PI ARLINGTON PA 1700 NORTH MOORE ST, STE 1900, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-1904 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 PG 11 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 616AK UT WOS:000179279400001 ER PT J AU Sun, L Gancarczyk, K Paquette, EL McLeod, DG Kane, C Kusuda, L Lance, R Herring, J Foley, J Baldwin, D Bishoff, JT Soderdahl, D Wu, HY Xu, L Moul, JW AF Sun, L Gancarczyk, K Paquette, EL McLeod, DG Kane, C Kusuda, L Lance, R Herring, J Foley, J Baldwin, D Bishoff, JT Soderdahl, D Wu, HY Xu, L Moul, JW TI Introduction to Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research Multicenter National Prostate Cancer Database, and analysis of changes in the PSA-era SO UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Midwinter Meeting of the Society-of-Urologic-Oncology CY DEC 01-02, 2000 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Soc Urol Oncol DE prostate cancer; database; epidemiology; disease-free survival ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PROGNOSTIC VARIABLES; CAPSURE DATABASE; TRENDS; MORTALITY; RATES AB The Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) database was developed to standardize the clinical procedures for patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CaP), and support retrospective and prospective studies on CaP within the military health care system. METHODS: A set of clinical forms recording diagnosis, treatments, follow-up, and necropsy information for CaP management was developed. A relational database with about 500 data fields for recording CaP status, clinical intervention and outcome was developed and installed in nine military facilities. As a demonstration of utility, the ages at diagnosis and death from CaP over the past 15 years were analyzed. RESULTS: As of the end of November 2000, the database has archived 242,227 records on 11,637 men. The mean number of follow-up visits per patient is presently 8.45 (98,323 total follow-up visits). A greater than 50% reduction in prostate cancer mortality was demonstrated. Dead/alive ratio is 21.1%. Prostate cancer specific mortality represents 30.1% of the total death population. The mean age at diagnosis decreased from 68.0 years in 1991 to 64.7 in 1999 (p<0.05). The age at death increased from 68.8 years before 1986 to 78.0 in 2000 (p<0.01). Mean surviving months between diagnosis and death is increased from 33.2 months before 1986 to 108.2 in 2000 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The CPDR database is suitable for analyzing epidemiological features of CaP, treatment efficacy, and for monitoring the quality of life of CaP patients. CaP detection and outcome is significantly improved in our military health care beneficiaries since the introduction of PSA and increased public awareness. Our goal is to accrue 20,000 men and follow them for 20 years. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. San Diego Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, Hants, England. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jmoul@cpdr.org NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1078-1439 J9 UROL ONCOL JI Urol. Oncol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 6 IS 5 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S1078-1439(01)00145-4 PG 7 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 471GZ UT WOS:000170921600008 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Fagin, PN Glavicic, MG Sukonnik, IM Ivasishin, OM AF Semiatin, SL Fagin, PN Glavicic, MG Sukonnik, IM Ivasishin, OM TI Influence of texture on beta grain growth during continuous annealing of Ti-6Al-4V (vol 299, pg 225, 2001) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Lambda Res, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, UA-252142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 31 PY 2001 VL 313 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01432-0 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 450YR UT WOS:000169772900028 ER PT J AU Hoge, B Christe, KO AF Hoge, B Christe, KO TI On the stability of NF4+NO3- and a new synthesis of fluorine nitrate SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fluorine nitrate; fluorine nitrite; tetrafluoroammonium nitrate; synthesis AB The reaction of NF4+SbF6- with alkali metal nitrates in either CH3CN or SO2 solution at low temperatures produces FONO2 in quantitative yield. Attempts were unsuccessful to prepare FONO from NF4SbF6 and KNO2 in an analogous manner. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; Hoge, Berthold/A-4051-2015 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD AUG 29 PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 SI SI BP 87 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00415-8 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 471TM UT WOS:000170944800003 ER PT J AU Look, DC Sizelove, JR AF Look, DC Sizelove, JR TI Predicted maximum mobility in bulk GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON; NITRIDES AB A 300 K bulk (three-dimensional) mobility of 1245 cm(2)/V s has been measured in free-standing GaN. Temperature-dependent Hall-effect data on this particular sample are fitted to obtain unknown lattice-scattering parameters, as well as shallow donor (N-D) and acceptor (N-A) concentrations, which are N-D=6.7x10(15) and N-A=1.7x10(15) cm(-3). Realistic values of the maximum mobility attainable in bulk GaN are then obtained by assuming two-orders-of-magnitude lower values of N-D and N-A, leading to a maximum 300 K mobility of 1350 cm(2)/V s, and a maximum 77 K mobility of 19 200 cm(2)/V s. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 26 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1133 EP 1135 DI 10.1063/1.1394954 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 462PM UT WOS:000170429000021 ER PT J AU Layne, JR Passino, KM AF Layne, JR Passino, KM TI A fuzzy dynamic model based state estimator SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzzy dynamic systems; state estimation; probability theory and statistics; engineering ID LOGIC CONTROLLER; CONTROL-SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION AB Systems containing uncertainty are traditionally analyzed with probabilistic methods. However, for non-linear, non-Gaussian systems solutions can sometimes be very difficult to obtain. The focus of this work is to determine if in such cases fuzzy dynamic system models may provide an alternative approach that more easily leads us to a good solution. In this paper, we present a fuzzy estimator whose system model is a fuzzy dynamic system. We show that for the linear, Gaussian case the fuzzy estimator produces the same result as the Kalman filter. More importantly, we show that the fuzzy estimator can succeed for some non-Gaussian, nonlinear systems. Finally, we illustrate the application of the fuzzy estimator on a non-linear, non-Gaussian, time-varying rocket launch problem where we show that it performs better than the extended Kalman filter. From a broad perspective this paper essentially shows how to build on Zadeh's seminal ideas in fuzzy sets, logic, and systems and use Kalman's seminal ideas on optimal estimators to construct a novel fuzzy estimator for non-linear estimation problems. While this seems to reconcile some of the fundamental ideas of Zadeh and Kalman it is unfortunate that the fuzzy estimator can be very computationally complex to implement for practical applications. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dept Air Force, AACF,WL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Layne, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dept Air Force, AACF,WL, 2183 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffery.layne@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 EI 1872-6801 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD AUG 16 PY 2001 VL 122 IS 1 BP 45 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0165-0114(99)00181-5 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 443DF UT WOS:000169324300005 ER PT J AU Hansen, AR Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD AF Hansen, AR Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD TI Seasonal variation of gravity wave activity at 5-20 km observed with VHF radar at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NUMBER SPECTRA; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; WIND; TROPOSPHERE; SIMULATION; MONSOON AB Wind observations at altitudes from 5 to 20 km obtained from the VHF wind profiler radar at the White Sands Missile Range (WS), New Mexico, are used to construct a climatology of gravity wave intensities over WS during the nearly 6-year period from January 1991 through September 1996. The kinetic energy densities for both high-frequency gravity waves (ground-based period of 6 min to 2 hours) and low-frequency gravity waves (period from 2 to 21 hours) are considered. These results are compared to earlier results from the middle and upper atmosphere (MU) radar in Japan. Comparisons of gravity wave variability at high and low frequency reveal both similarities and differences between the two sites. The primary differences occur at high frequency. The seasonal cycle in the high-frequency gravity waves is less pronounced and less regular at WS compared to MU. The magnitude of the high-frequency kinetic energy density is generally larger at WS compared to MU, and the relationship between the upper tropospheric jet stream winds and the high-frequency gravity wave activity is not nearly so strong at WS as at MU. The primary high-frequency gravity wave excitation mechanism at WS appears to change with season. There is evidence of a connection in winter and spring between the wind speeds in the middle troposphere and the high-frequency gravity wave activity, suggesting a topographic source for these waves. Strong summertime high-frequency variability at WS in the upper troposphere is most likely linked to waves launched by deep convection during the monsoon season in New Mexico. The results for low-frequency gravity waves are more consistent between WS and MU. Similarities appear in the kinetic energy density, the nature of the seasonal cycle, and the correlation between the kinetic energy density and the mean winds. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Hansen, AR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D15 BP 17171 EP 17183 DI 10.1029/2001JD900137 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 463BP UT WOS:000170457200008 ER PT J AU Kwon, HK Eiting, CJ Lambert, DJH Shelton, BS Wong, MM Zhu, TG Dupuis, RD AF Kwon, HK Eiting, CJ Lambert, DJH Shelton, BS Wong, MM Zhu, TG Dupuis, RD TI Optical properties of undoped and modulation-doped AlGaN/GaN single heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; CARRIER CONFINEMENT; SAPPHIRE; SUBSTRATE; GAS AB The optical properties of undoped and modulation-doped AlGaN/GaN single heterostructures (SHs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are investigated at low temperature using photoluminescence measurements. The formation of a two-dimensional electron gas at the heterojunction is verified by temperature-dependent Hall mobility and 300 K capacitance-voltage measurements. Radiative recombination is observed between the electrons in two-dimensional quantum states at the heterointerface and the holes in the flat-band region or bound to residual acceptors both in undoped and modulation-doped AlGaN/GaN SHs. These peaks disappear when the top AlGaN layer is removed by reactive ion etching. In addition, the photoluminescence results under different laser excitation intensity and lattice temperature are also described for undoped and modulation-doped AlGaN/GaN SHs with various Al compositions and growth interrupt times. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dupuis, RD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, PRC MER 1-606D-R9900, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1817 EP 1822 DI 10.1063/1.1330767 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 458YN UT WOS:000170223200023 ER PT J AU Fukuzawa, K Matsushita, T Morokuma, K Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA Murad, E Midey, A Williams, S Viggiano, AA AF Fukuzawa, K Matsushita, T Morokuma, K Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA Murad, E Midey, A Williams, S Viggiano, AA TI An ab initio and experimental study of vibrational effects in low energy O++C2H2 charge-transfer collisions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GUIDED-ION BEAM; KINETIC-ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCES AB Theoretical and experimental studies are performed to elucidate the low energy charge-transfer dynamics of the reaction, O+(S-4)+C2H2(X (1)Sigma (+)(g))-->O+C2H2+. In particular, the role of the low-frequency acetylene bending modes (612 and 730 cm(-1)) in promoting charge transfer was examined. High-temperature guided-ion beam measurements are carried out over the energy range from near-thermal to 3 eV at 310 and 610 K. The charge-transfer cross sections are found to decrease up to 0.5 eV, to have a constant value at intermediate energies between 0.5 and 1.5 eV, and then to dramatically increase above a threshold of a spin-allowed process determined to be at 1.7 eV. A bending vibrational enhancement of similar to8 is observed at intermediate energies. Thermal energy rate co-efficients are measured in a variable temperature-selected ion flow drift tube apparatus from 193 to 500 K. At each temperature, a negative energy dependence is observed. In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism in detail, high level ab initio calculations using Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field and Multi-Reference Single- and Double-excitation Configuration Interaction methods have been performed. The results indicate that the charge transfer reaction occurs at an early stage via nonadiabatic transition between quartet and doublet states. There is a weak van der Waals minimum at the entrance channel between O+(S-4) and C2H2 with the relative energy of -1.51 kcal/mol. The minimum of the quartet/doublet crossing seam (Q/D MSX), where the spin-forbidden nonadiabatic transition is most likely to take place, lies very near this minimum at R-CO=4.06 Angstrom, R-CC=1.20 Angstrom, and angle CCH=166.6 degrees with a relative energy of -1.48 kcal/mol. After the nonadiabatic transition, the system propagates on the doublet surface to reach the exothermic O(D-1)+C2H2+((X) over tilde (2)Pi (u)) products. No energy barrier exists on the reaction pathway, strongly suggesting that the reaction should occur at low energy with a negative energy dependence, which is consistent with the experiment. The Q/D MSX has a bent acetylene moiety, which suggests that the excitation in bending modes will enhance the reaction, in agreement with the experiment. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP Fukuzawa, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 7 BP 3184 EP 3194 DI 10.1063/1.1385793 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 459YC UT WOS:000170278200033 ER PT J AU Shahriar, MS Bowers, JA Demsky, B Bhatia, PS Lloyd, S Hemmer, PR Craig, AE AF Shahriar, MS Bowers, JA Demsky, B Bhatia, PS Lloyd, S Hemmer, PR Craig, AE TI Cavity dark states for quantum computing SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; LOGIC GATE; COMPUTATION; MODEL AB We show that two multilevel atoms can perform quantum communication with each other via interaction with an enclosing cavity containing no photons. The physical mechanism is analogous to the way populations can be exchanged between the extremal states in a three level system via adiabatic following, without populating the intermediate states. The combined system of the two atoms, the cavity, and two laser beams contains a dark state corresponding to the cavity in its ground state. Using a counter-intuitive pulse sequence, quantum information can be transferred adiabatically from one atom to the other via this cavity, dark state. This process can be used to circumvent the effect of cavity decay in a quantum computer formed by cavity interconnected qubits. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Montana State Univ, Spectrum Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Bhatia, PS (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 195 IS 5-6 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01354-2 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 461YV UT WOS:000170392200011 ER PT J AU Kabbur, MB Rogers, JV Gunasekar, PG Garrett, CM Geiss, KT Brinkley, WW McDougal, JN AF Kabbur, MB Rogers, JV Gunasekar, PG Garrett, CM Geiss, KT Brinkley, WW McDougal, JN TI Effect of JP-8 jet fuel on molecular and histological parameters related to acute skin irritation SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE JP-8; skin; interteukin-1 alpha; inducible nitric oxide synthase ID PETROLEUM MIDDLE DISTILLATES; NITRIC-OXIDE; EXPRESSION; CONTACT; INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINES; INTERLEUKIN-1-ALPHA; KERATINOCYTES; ABSORPTION; MECHANISMS AB Organic chemicals such as jet fuels and solvents can cause skin irritation after dermal exposure. The molecular responses to these chemicals resulting in acute irritation are not understood well enough to establish safe exposure limits. Male F-344 rats were dermally exposed to JP-8 jet fuel for 1 h using Hill Top Chambers. Whole skin samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the beginning of the exposures, homogenized, and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and nitrite levels. IL-1 alpha levels (determined by ELISA) ranged from similar to 11 to 34% above the 0-h samples over the observed time period. At 1 and 2 h, significantly higher (p<0.05) levels of IL-1 were detected when compared to the 0-h samples. Western blot analysis revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) levels of iNOS at 4 and 6 h compared to 0-h samples. Increases in IL-11 and iNOS expression were also observed in the skin immunohistochemically. Nitrite concentrations in skin samples were measured to estimate nitric oxide production. Although nitrite concentrations in the skin increased similar to6-27% above the 0-h samples over the observed time period, no significant changes in nitrite levels were detected. Pathological changes in the skin following JP-8 exposure were evaluated histologically. Increased numbers of granulocytes were observed infiltrating the skin at 2 h and were more prominent by 6 h. These data show that a 1-h exposure to JP-8 results in a loca inflammatory response, which can be detected by changes in molecular and histological parameters. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, HEST,Geoctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Kabbur, MB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, HEST,Geoctr Inc, Bldg 79,2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 175 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1006/taap.2001.9248 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 466EJ UT WOS:000170631300010 PM 11509030 ER PT J AU Minkwitz, R Reinemann, S Seelbinder, R Konikowski, D Hartl, H Brudgam, I Hegge, J Hoge, B Sheehy, JA Christe, KO AF Minkwitz, R Reinemann, S Seelbinder, R Konikowski, D Hartl, H Brudgam, I Hegge, J Hoge, B Sheehy, JA Christe, KO TI Synthesis and characterization of the first examples of perfluoroalkyl-substituted trialkyloxonium salts, [(CH3)(2)OCF3](+)[Sb2F11](-) and [(CH3)(2)OCF(CF3)(2)](+)[Sb2F11](-) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-COORDINATE ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; SPECTRUM; OXONIUM AB In the superacidic HF/SbF5 system, methyl trifluoromethyl ether forms at -78 degreesC the new tertiary oxonium salt [(CH3)(2)OCF3](+)[Sb2F11](-), which was characterized by Raman and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and its crystal structure. The same oxonium salt was also obtained by methylation of CH3OCF3 with CH3F and SbF5 in HF solution at -30 to -10 degreesC. Replacement of one methyl group in the trimethyloxonium cation by the bulkier and more electronegative trifluoromethyl group increases the remaining O-CH3 bond lengths by 0.037(1) A and the sum of the C-O-C bond angles by about 4.5 degrees. Methylation of CH3OCF(CF3)(2) with CH3F in HF/SbF5 solution at -30 degreesC produces [(CH3)(2)OCF(CF3)(2)](+)[Sb2F11](-). The observed structure and vibrational and NMR spectra were confirmed by theoretical studies at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) and the MP2/6-311++G(2d,p) levels. C1 Univ Dortmund, Fachbereich Chem, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Minkwitz, R (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, Fachbereich Chem, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; Hoge, Berthold/A-4051-2015 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 17 BP 4404 EP 4408 DI 10.1021/ic010239w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 461UJ UT WOS:000170381600039 PM 11487348 ER PT J AU Ding, KH Tsang, L Shih, SE AF Ding, KH Tsang, L Shih, SE TI Monte Carlo simulations of particle positions for densely packed multispecies sticky particles SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dense medium; sticky particle; Monte Carlo; Percus-Yevick; pair distribution function ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; EXTINCTION RATE; SCATTERING; SPHERES; MEDIA; MODEL; SNOW AB The use of the Monte Carlo method to generate particle positions is important in both forward- and inverse-scattering problems of microwave and optical waves in dense media. The generated realizations of a random heterogeneous medium can be used for the numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations. In this paper, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of densely packed sticky particles that have diversity in both size and surface adhesion. The simulation algorithm allows a particle to break or form bonds with other particles during the Monte Car lo displacement. Monte Carlo simulation results are, demonstrated to be in goad agreement with Percus-Yevick pair distribution functions. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lucent Technol, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. RP Ding, KH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1002/mop.1261 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 448LB UT WOS:000169627400014 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Simko, SR Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Simko, SR Tan, LS TI Synthesis and polymerization of a bis(o-aminophenol)-carboxylic acid AB(2) monomer. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Polymer Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 224-POLY BP U273 EP U274 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101554 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Tan, LS TI Synthesis and characterization of ether-ketone hyperbranched polymers from mixtures of AB(2) and AB monomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Polymer Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 205-POLY BP U271 EP U271 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101535 ER PT J AU Bharadwaj, RK Berry, RJ Farmer, BL AF Bharadwaj, RK Berry, RJ Farmer, BL TI Molecular dynamics simulation study of polysilane and polysilaethylene. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Avery Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 243-PMSE BP U377 EP U378 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102114 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL Vaia, RA Bharadwaj, RK AF Farmer, BL Vaia, RA Bharadwaj, RK TI Coarse-grain simulations of polymer melt intercalation in layered nanostructures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 95-PMSE BP U354 EP U354 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101966 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL Vaia, RA Bharadwaj, RK AF Farmer, BL Vaia, RA Bharadwaj, RK TI Modeling of organically-modified layered silicates in binary solvents. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 248-POLY BP U277 EP U277 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101578 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL Berry, RJ Bharadwaj, RK AF Farmer, BL Berry, RJ Bharadwaj, RK TI Molecular dynamics simulations of POSS-containing polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 43-PHYS BP U186 EP U186 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690100975 ER PT J AU Farmer, CE Viers, B Esker, AR AF Farmer, CE Viers, B Esker, AR TI Morphology of polymer/POSS blends at the air/water interface. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ERC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 11-MTLS BP U427 EP U428 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102385 ER PT J AU Fu, BX Yang, L Somani, RH Wang, ZG Zong, S Hsiao, BS Phillips, SH Blanski, RL Ruth, P AF Fu, BX Yang, L Somani, RH Wang, ZG Zong, S Hsiao, BS Phillips, SH Blanski, RL Ruth, P TI Crystallization studies of isotactic polypropylene containing nanostructured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes molecules under quiescent and shear-induced conditions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 8-MTLS BP U427 EP U427 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102382 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RI Svejda, SA Phillips, SH Hoflund, GB AF Gonzalez, RI Svejda, SA Phillips, SH Hoflund, GB TI Surface studies of space-survivable hybrid organic-anorganic polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 10-MTLS BP U427 EP U427 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102384 ER PT J AU Haddad, TS Phillips, SH Mather, PT AF Haddad, TS Phillips, SH Mather, PT TI Polystyrenes modified with well-defined silsesquioxanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 13-MTLS BP U428 EP U428 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102387 ER PT J AU Lincoln, DM Vala, RA Wang, ZG Hsiao, BS Krishnamoorti, R AF Lincoln, DM Vala, RA Wang, ZG Hsiao, BS Krishnamoorti, R TI Structure model for nylon 6/montmorillonite nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 307-POLY BP U286 EP U286 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101637 ER PT J AU Mauritz, KA Mountz, DA Young, SK AF Mauritz, KA Mountz, DA Young, SK TI Organic/inorganic nanocomposite materials via polymer-in situ sol-gel processes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 308-POLY BP U286 EP U286 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101638 ER PT J AU Nifiatis, F Kannan, R Kirkpartick, SM Baur, JW AF Nifiatis, F Kannan, R Kirkpartick, SM Baur, JW TI Mechanistic issues on two-photon polymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 325-POLY BP U289 EP U289 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101655 ER PT J AU Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Mutagenesis and characterization of red fluorescent protein. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 51-BIOL BP U123 EP U123 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690000565 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Burris, DR AF O'Loughlin, EJ Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Burris, DR TI XAFS study of the catalytic effects of Ag, Au, and Cu on the reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 3-ENVR BP U419 EP U419 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690002124 ER PT J AU Pachter, R Adkim, B Duan, XFF Wang, ZQ Adams, WW AF Pachter, R Adkim, B Duan, XFF Wang, ZQ Adams, WW TI Density functional theory study of single wall nanotubes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 241-PMSE BP U377 EP U377 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102112 ER PT J AU Pati, R Karna, SP AF Pati, R Karna, SP TI Theoretical modeling of molecular electronic device elements. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 157-PHYS BP U202 EP U202 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101088 ER PT J AU Rossi, GB Beaucage, G Dang, TD Vaia, R AF Rossi, GB Beaucage, G Dang, TD Vaia, R TI Emulsion technique for polymer-based molecular- and nano-composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 252-POLY BP U277 EP U277 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101582 ER PT J AU Schwab, JJ Reinerth, WA Lichtenhan, JD An, YZ Phillips, SH Lee, A AF Schwab, JJ Reinerth, WA Lichtenhan, JD An, YZ Phillips, SH Lee, A TI POSS (TM) Nanostructured (TM) chemicals: True multifunctional polymer additives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hybrid Plast, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 303-POLY BP U285 EP U285 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101633 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Hussain, S Frazier, J AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Hussain, S Frazier, J TI Quantitative structure-activity relationships for high-energy chemicals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 36-TOXI BP U292 EP U292 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690001495 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Liu, WD AF Vaia, RA Liu, WD TI Small angle scattering of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 9-PMSE BP U341 EP U341 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101880 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Fong, H Liu, WD Wang, CS AF Vaia, RA Fong, H Liu, WD Wang, CS TI Generation of electrospun fibers of nylon 6-montmorillonite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 357-POLY BP U309 EP U309 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101687 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W Fisher, CJ AF Ruyten, W Fisher, CJ TI Effects of reflected light in luminescent paint measurements SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-15, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronatu & Astronaut ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE PAINT AB A theoretical model is described that may be used to calculate the effects of reflected light in luminescent paint measurements. The key assumption of the model is that the paint may be treated as a diffuse reflector at the paint's emission wavelength. This allows the application of techniques that have been developed in the fields of radiative transfer and computer graphics to the present problem. A numerical example is considered to demonstrate that, in a pressure-sensitive paint test on a Dormer Alpha jet, the self-illumination effect at the paint's emission wavelength can produce pressure errors of up to 3 % of actual pressure. However, it is also shown that a correction of this error is possible. This correction calls For mapping image data to a three-dimensional grid of the test article and calculating, at each element of the three-dimensional grid, the combined reflected light contribution from alt other elements on the grid. An algorithm is described for the calculation of the required influence coefficients, including the detection of occlusions. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, Dept Technol, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ruyten, W (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, Dept Technol, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1587 EP 1592 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 458XW UT WOS:000170221600020 ER PT J AU Rasnake, MS Glanton, C Ornstein, D Osswald, M Garrison, M AF Rasnake, MS Glanton, C Ornstein, D Osswald, M Garrison, M TI Hypercalcemia mediated by parathyroid hormone-related protein as an early manifestation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasis - A case report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE pancreatic adenocarcinoma; humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy; parathyroid hormone-related peptide; PTHrP ID HUMORAL HYPERCALCEMIA; CANCER; MALIGNANCY AB Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is a paraneoplastic syndrome rarely associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is the central mediator of this condition. In our patient, hypercalcemia associated with elevated PTHrP was the initial manifestation of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Successful palliation of HHM with bisphosphonates and loop diuretics has been previously reported and was effective in our patient. We report the first case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasis after successful resection to present with hypercalcemia. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MMIMR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Rasnake, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MMIMR, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD AUG PY 2001 VL 24 IS 4 BP 416 EP 417 DI 10.1097/00000421-200108000-00024 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 463CB UT WOS:000170458300024 PM 11474277 ER PT J AU Hanson, EH Imperatore, G Burke, W AF Hanson, EH Imperatore, G Burke, W TI HFE gene and hereditary hemochromatosis: A HuGE review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; genetics; hemochromatosis; hereditary diseases; HFE gene; HLA-H gene; iron overload ID PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; IRON OVERLOAD; HLA-H; H63D POLYMORPHISMS; ITALIAN PATIENTS; C282Y MUTATION; POPULATION AB Hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism characterized by increased iron absorption and deposition in the liver, pancreas, heart, joints, and pituitary gland. Without treatment, death may occur from cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, diabetes, or cardiomyopathy. In 1996, HFE, the gene for HHC, was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3). Two of the 37 allelic variants of HFE described to date (C282Y and H63D) are significantly correlated with HHC. Homozygosity for the C282Y mutation was found in 52-100% of previous studies on clinically diagnosed probands. In this review, 5% of HHC probands were found to be compound heterozygotes (C282Y/H63D), and 1.5% were homozygous for the H63D mutation; 3.6% were C282Y heterozygotes, and 5.2% were H63D heterozygotes. In 7% of cases, C282Y and H63D mutations were not present. In the general population, the frequency of the C282Y/C282Y genotype is 0.4%. C282Y heterozygosity ranges from 9.2% in Europeans to nil in Asian, Indian subcontinent, African/Middle Eastern, and Australasian populations. The H63D carrier frequency is 22% in European populations. Accurate data on the penetrance of the different HFE genotypes are not available. Extrapolating from limited clinical observations in screening studies, an estimated 40-70% of persons with the C282Y homozygous genotype will develop clinical evidence of iron overload. A smaller proportion will die from complications of iron overload. To date, population screening for HHC is not recommended because of uncertainties about optimal screening strategies, optimal care for susceptible persons, laboratory standardization, and the potential for stigmatization or discrimination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hanson, EH (reprint author), 51st AMDS,PSC 3,Box 2541, APO, AP 96266 USA. NR 105 TC 241 Z9 259 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1093/aje/154.3.193 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 459WX UT WOS:000170275400001 PM 11479183 ER PT J AU Dirnberger, DR Yoder, BA Gordon, MC AF Dirnberger, DR Yoder, BA Gordon, MC TI Single versus repeated-course antenatal corticosteroids: Outcomes in singleton and multiple-gestation pregnancies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE repetitive antenatal steroids; repetitive antenatal corticosteroids; repeated-course antenatal corticosteroids; multiplegestation pregnancies ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; LUNG MATURATION; INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE; BETAMETHASONE THERAPY; PREMATURE RUPTURE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PRETERM LAMBS; STEROIDS; BIRTH AB The objectives of this study are to compare the neonatal risks and benefits of antenatal single-course versus repeated-course corticosteroids in singleton and multiple-gestation pregnancies. A comprehensive analysis was performed of the inpatient records of all neonates admitted to our center from 1 January 1994 through 31 May 1999. The primary outcome measure was survival without chronic lung disease (CLD). Secondary outcome measures included birth weight; head circumference; interval weight ratios; respiratory disease severity; intraventricular hemorrhage rate and severity; severe retinopathy of prematurity; early infection; and hospital days. All singletons 27-32 completed weeks' gestation, and multiples 26-32 weeks' gestation,whose mothers had received betamethasone before delivery, were included. One hundred and fifteen singleton and 53 multiple-gestation infants (total 168) were stratified by multiplicity, gestational-age (less than or equal to 29 or greater than or equal to 30 weeks), and number of steroid courses. Repeated courses of antenatal betamethasone were not associated with greater survival without CLD, in either singleton- or multiple-gestation infants. In singletons there was no difference in any outcome measure between groups. In multiples, the only difference was greater postnatal weight gain in the lower gestation group. Mean birth head circumference was smaller in repetitively-treated singletons less than or equal to 29 weeks. There are no clinically significant neonatal benefits of repeated-course antenatal steroids in singletons greater than or equal to 27 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) or multiple-gestation infants greater than or equal to 26 weeks EGA. Prospective randomized trials of single-course versus repetitive antenatal corticosteroid therapy are warranted. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Magella Med Associates, Dallas, TX USA. RP Dirnberger, DR (reprint author), PSC 482,Box 2547, FPO, AP 96362 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0735-1631 J9 AM J PERINAT JI Am. J. Perinatol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1055/s-2001-16989 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 474WH UT WOS:000171129500004 PM 11552179 ER PT J AU Campbell, SE Sanders, TG Morrison, WB AF Campbell, SE Sanders, TG Morrison, WB TI MR imaging of meniscal cysts: Incidence, location, and clinical significance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc ID ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT; KNEE; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; TEARS AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of medial versus lateral meniscal cysts as seen on MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 2572 knee MR imaging reports were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of meniscal tears and cysts. Two musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed all images with reported cysts. The type and location of meniscal tear and the presence and location of meniscal cysts were recorded. RESULTS. A total of 1402 meniscal tears were reported in 2572 MR examinations (922 [66%] of 1402 in the medial compartment; 480 [34%] of 1402 in the lateral compartment). Meniscal cysts were present in 109 (4%) of 2572 knees. Of the 109 cysts, 72 (66%) were in the medial compartment, and 37 (34%) were in the lateral compartment. Meniscal cysts were found in association with 72 (7.8%) of the 922 medial meniscal tears and 37 (7.7%) of the 480 lateral meniscal tears. Meniscal cysts showed direct contact with an adjacent meniscal tear in 107 (98%) of 109 cases, with the tear showing a horizontal component in 96 (90%) of 107 cases. CONCLUSION. Meniscal cysts occur almost twice as often in the medial compartment as in the lateral compartment, Medial and lateral tears occur with the same frequency. These findings, when viewed in the context of the historical literature on meniscal cysts, suggest that MR imaging detects a greater number of medial meniscal cysts than physical examination or arthroscopy, and that MR imaging can have an important impact on surgical treatment of patients. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 177 IS 2 BP 409 EP 413 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 454ZE UT WOS:000170001000027 PM 11461872 ER PT J AU Deibler, LL Smith, MH AF Deibler, LL Smith, MH TI Measurement of the complex refractive index of isotropic materials with Mueller matrix polarimetry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-REFLECTION; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE AB The complex refractive index of materials at infrared wavelengths is often determined when absorption measurements are made at selected wavelengths, and then the Kramers-Kronig relationship is used to calculate the real part of the index. Because many organic materials are highly absorbing in the infrared, absorption measurements require a short path length. We report on the use of an attenuated total internal reflection (TIR) method in combination with an infrared Mueller matrix spectropolarimeter to measure the Mueller matrix spectrum of samples from 3 to 14 mum. From the elements of the Mueller matrix the complex refractive index is determined for materials whose TIR interfaces are eigenstates of s and p polarization. The calculated index for water compares well with data found in the literature. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Deibler, LL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM deibler@eglin.af.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 22 BP 3659 EP 3667 DI 10.1364/AO.40.003659 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 457VL UT WOS:000170157500005 PM 18360396 ER PT J AU Adams, RA Stanczak, DE Leutzinger, MR Waters, MD Brown, T AF Adams, RA Stanczak, DE Leutzinger, MR Waters, MD Brown, T TI The impact of psychological disturbances on immediate memory SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; TEST-PERFORMANCE; DEPRESSION; METAANALYSIS; DEFICITS; PATTERN; INJURY; SCALE; HEAD AB The current study tested the hypothesis that attention mediates the impact of psychological disturbances (i.e. depression, loss of self-control, and bizarre thinking) on immediate memory. A hypothesized model, in which psychological disturbances indirectly impacted immediate memory via attention, was tested using structural equations modeling (EQS). The participants included heterogenous groups of brain-damaged and psychiatric subjects both with and without age-corrected observed variables. These groups did not vary with regard to the relationships within the model, and all models had good fit indices [comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.98]. Competing models with paths directly from psychological disturbances to verbal, spatial, and general immediate memory were not significant, and these competing models did not result in a better fitting model. Therefore, the best fitting, most parsimonious model was the hypothesized one. These results corroborate the hypothesis of an indirect relationship between psychological disturbances and immediate memory via attention. (C) 2001 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Mississippi, Ctr Med, University, MS 38677 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Psychol Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Calif Sch Profess Psychol, Fresno, CA USA. RP Stanczak, DE (reprint author), Psychol Res Serv, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 16 IS 6 BP 605 EP 618 DI 10.1016/S0887-6177(00)00072-X PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 457GN UT WOS:000170128900007 PM 14590157 ER PT J AU Dooley, JW Hearon, CM Shaffstall, RM Fischer, MD AF Dooley, JW Hearon, CM Shaffstall, RM Fischer, MD TI Accommodation of females in the high-G environment: The USAF Female Acceleration Tolerance Enhancement (FATE) Project SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE acceleration; centrifuge; anti-G suits; gender differences; women; work AB Background. In 1993, the U.S. Secretary of Defense opened combat aircraft assignments to women. To verify the adequacy of acceleration (+Gz) protection for female high-G aircrew, USAF investigators conducted fit tests of standard and developmental G-protective equipment and determined the effectiveness of a unique laboratory modification (AL Mod) of the standard (CSU-13B/P) anti-G suit during gender-comparative centrifuge evaluations. Methods: Investigators determined relaxed +Gz tolerance and straining endurance to +4.5 to +7 Gz and +5 to +9 Gz simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) centrifuge profiles (4.5-7 SACM: 8 females and 10 males; and 5-9 SACM: 6 females and 8 males, respectively). Additionally, in the 5-9 SACM study, between and within gender SACM endurance differences were assessed before and after female subjects' use of the AL Mod. Ten female subjects also were fit tested In extended coverage, developmental G-protective equipment. Results: There was no gender difference In 4.5-7 SACM endurance. Male 5-9 SACM endurance exceeded that of females in the unmodified CSU-13B/P (p < 0.05), but gender parity was achieved when females wore the AL Mod. Fit modifications of developmental G-protective equipment were not required, but smaller sizes of the standard CSU-13B/P and a developmental anti-G suit were indicated and developed. Conclusion: In properly fitted anti-C suits, gender parity in SACM endurance is achievable; however, full accommodation of female aircrew in the high-G environment will require the AL Mod and/or smaller sized anti-G suits. C1 USAF, Air Mobil Warfare Ctr, Hlth & Wellness Directorate, Ft Dix, NJ USA. NE Illinois Univ, Dept Biol & Exercise Sci, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. Wyle Labs, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dooley, JW (reprint author), USAF, Air Mobil Warfare Ctr, Hlth & Wellness Directorate, Ft Dix, NJ USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 739 EP 746 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 459JQ UT WOS:000170247600007 PM 11506236 ER PT J AU Friedman, RN Martin, J Reis, G Lambert, J Wilson, GF AF Friedman, RN Martin, J Reis, G Lambert, J Wilson, GF TI Evaluation of flexible cloth electrodes for electrodermal activity recording SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE electrodermal activity recording; silver-impregnated cloth electrodes; hard-plastic-encased metal electrodes AB Background: Instrument selection for recording physiological data in flight studies requires careful attention to subject comfort and non-interference with aircrew activities. Several electrode types and recording sites may be used to examine electrodermal activity (EDA). Placement of electrodes on the foot minimizes interference with physical activity and reduces motion artifacts; however, use of conventional, hard-plastic-encased metal (PEM) electrodes within a flight boot can produce discomfort and pressure-induced artifacts. Hypothesis: When applied with proper electrolyte gels, thin, flexible, silver-impregnated cloth electrodes should acquire EDA signals qualitatively similar to those acquired using conventional, PEM electrodes. Methods: EDA responses evoked by light flashes, auditory stimuli and valsalva maneuvers were recorded with cloth and PEM electrodes simultaneously from both feet of 4 male subjects. Performance of cloth vs. PEM electrodes and variability of signals recorded with the same electrode type were examined by placing pairs of selected electrodes on each foot of the subjects. Placements were balanced with respect to age and handedness of the subject and the number of trials with each electrode type placed on the left or right foot. Results: Qualitatively similar signals were recorded with cloth and PEM electrodes. Cloth electrodes showed more variability between electrodes of the same type. Conclusion: For EDA recording, cloth electrodes can perform at least as well as PEM electrodes, making it practical to take advantage of the cloth electrodes' flexibility and lower profile. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sect Neurol Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys & Biophys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Logicon Tech Serv INc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Dictorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Friedman, RN (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sect Neurol Surg, 545 Barnhill Dr,139, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rfriedma@iupui.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 750 EP 757 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 459JQ UT WOS:000170247600009 ER PT J AU Ye, N Giordano, J Feldman, J AF Ye, N Giordano, J Feldman, J TI A process control approach to cyber attack detection SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Ye, N (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD AUG PY 2001 VL 44 IS 8 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1145/381641.381662 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 458QL UT WOS:000170206000018 ER PT J AU Curtis, LA Dolan, TS Cespedes, RD AF Curtis, LA Dolan, TS Cespedes, RD TI Acute urinary retention and urinary incontinence SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION; SPINAL-CORD COMPRESSION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; OVERACTIVE BLADDER; MANAGEMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; COMPLICATIONS; EMERGENCIES; OPTIONS; DRUG AB Urinary retention, the inability to void voluntarily, is a common urologic condition. Urinary retention can signify serious underlying pathology, often presenting a diagnostic challenge to the emergency physician. While urinary incontinence is not often thought of as an emergency, it can be a presenting symptom of a more emergent problem (i.e. acute cord compression) or urgent condition (i.e. new onset multiple sclerosis). This article reviews the various etiologies of AUR and urinary incontinence, as well as the clinical assessment, management, and disposition of patients presenting to the emergency department with these complaints. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. US Dept Def, Dept Urol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU,Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Curtis, LA (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 69 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3 BP 591 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70205-4 PG 30 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 473XA UT WOS:000171073200005 PM 11554277 ER PT J AU Harrison, BP Cespedes, RD AF Harrison, BP Cespedes, RD TI Pelvic organ prolapse SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID URETHRAL PROLAPSE; CHILDREN AB The separate disease entities that are included in the general term of pelvic organ prolapse are discussed in detail in this article. The focus of discussion centers on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions. The emergency physician should be able to properly recognize, assess, initiate treatment, and obtain appropriate referral in cases of pelvic organ prolapse. The information in this article should enable the provider to gain confidence in managing these disorders that are infrequently seen in the emergency department. C1 Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Emergency Med Residency Program, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Temple, TX USA. US Dept Def, Dept Urol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU,Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Harrison, BP (reprint author), Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Emergency Med Residency Program, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3 BP 781 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70215-7 PG 19 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 473XA UT WOS:000171073200015 PM 11554287 ER PT J AU Morgan, A AF Morgan, A TI Adnexal mass evaluation in the emergency department SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID COLOR DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY; NEONATAL OVARIAN CYSTS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS; TRANSVAGINAL DOPPLER; MANAGEMENT; TUMORS; CANCER; DIAGNOSIS; ULTRASOUND AB Women patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pelvic pain and an adnexal mass are clinical challenges. Adnexal masses can arise from the ovaries, fallopian tubes, broad ligaments, or the suspensory ligaments of the ovary and may occur in women of any age. They may be caused by both gynecologic and nongynecologic sources. This article will review the causes of the adnexal masses and the tools available to determine the etiology. Presentations which require urgent evaluation will also be reviewed. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morgan, A (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 107 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3 BP 799 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70216-9 PG 19 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 473XA UT WOS:000171073200016 PM 11554288 ER PT J AU McCarthy, DM AF McCarthy, DM TI Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs - What interaction SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE aspirin; H. pylori; proton pump inhibitor; cox(2)-selective; aspirin; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS); ulcers; perforated ulcers; bleeding; gastritis ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; PEPTIC-ULCERS; GASTRODUODENAL INJURY; INDUCED GASTROPATHY; CHEMICAL GASTRITIS; MUCOSAL INJURY; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; ERADICATION AB Much controversy surrounds the interaction of Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of Aspirin (ASA) or non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs). The issue is comprised of many components, best dealt with singly. In summary, the severity of drug-associated gastritis, but not its incidence or prevalence, is influenced by infection prior to ASA or NANSAID therapy. Furthermore, the severity of dyspeptic symptoms appears worse in infected drug users. Both Chemical and Helicobacter gastritis, by increasing neutrophils in the tissue, lead to ulcers, although the induction of prostaglandin synthesis by inflammation in some circumstances may also be mildly protective. More ulcers are found in Hp+ve than Hp-ve users of NSAIDS, but ulcers in the stomach may heal more easily with acid suppressive therapy in infected patients. Eradication of infection is beneficial in aspirin users and in those beginning NANSAID therapy. Adaptation to aspirin is confined to Hp-ve cases. However, in long-term users of NANSAIDs, H. pylori eradication does not appear to speed ulcer healing, reduce recurrence, or prevent complications. These are best achieved by long-term maintenance therapy with a proton-pump inhibitor drug. C1 Univ New Mexico, HSC, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP USAF, Med Ctr, 111F,1501 San Pedro Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM denis.mccarthy2@med.va.gov NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1102-4151 J9 EUR J SURG JI Eur. J. Surg. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 167 SU 586 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1080/110241501317076272 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 485PF UT WOS:000171762200010 ER PT J AU Chen, P Wicks, MC Adve, RS AF Chen, P Wicks, MC Adve, RS TI Development of a statistical procedure for detecting the number of signals in a radar measurement SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID LATENT ROOTS; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; DISTRIBUTIONS; NOISE AB Ranking and selection theory is applied to the eigenvalue problem. Of concern is the development of a procedure for computing the number of signals in a measurement data vector. In the authors' approach, the multiplicity of the noise eigenvalue is computed, and used in calculating the number of non-noise (signal) eigenvalues. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY 13440 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Elect Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 148 IS 4 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20010420 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 464VL UT WOS:000170552400004 ER PT J AU Brasseur, JK Teehan, RF Knize, RJ Roos, PA Carlsten, JL AF Brasseur, JK Teehan, RF Knize, RJ Roos, PA Carlsten, JL TI Phase and frequency stabilization of a pump laser to a raman active resonator SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE CW lasers; laser stability; nonlinear optics; optical phase-locked loops; optical resonators; Raman lasers; Raman scattering ID H-2; CAVITY AB In this paper, we describe how to phase and frequency stabilize a continuous wave (CW) Raman laser. We model and measure the transfer function of a high-finesse cavity filled with a Raman active gas. In addition, we model the time dependence of the temperature-induced oscillations inherent to the CW Raman laser. The results set the minimum feedback-loop bandwidth at about 100 kHz to adequately suppress the temperature-induced oscillations. The required bandwidth is an order of magnitude larger than the empty resonator case. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Brasseur, JK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.1109/3.937397 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 457BM UT WOS:000170117300014 ER PT J AU Buchenauer, CJ Tyo, JS Schoenberg, JSH AF Buchenauer, CJ Tyo, JS Schoenberg, JSH TI Prompt aperture efficiencies of impulse radiating antennas with arrays as an application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE antenna transient analysis; aperture efficiency AB A concept of prompt aperture efficiency is introduced for the purpose of comparing and optimizing the performance of impulse radiating antennas (IRAs). The aperture efficiencies of popular lens and reflector IRAs are computed as the ratios of peak radiated power densities on boresight compared with that produced by an ideal IRA with an aperture of equal area and equal total input power. Loss of aperture efficiency occurs through two distinct mechanisms: from power that falls outside the aperture and is lost and from nonuniform power and polarization distributions within the aperture. Both loss mechanisms are addressed, and means for increasing efficiencies are identified. The optimum aperture for a given feed structure is derived. Prompt aperture efficiencies approaching 100% are feasible in TEM-born arrays and similar structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Buchenauer, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1155 EP 1165 DI 10.1109/8.943310 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 466NH UT WOS:000170651300006 ER PT J AU Neuber, A Dickens, J Cornette, JB Jamison, K Parkinson, ER Giesselmann, M Worsey, P Baird, J Schmidt, M Kristiansen, M AF Neuber, A Dickens, J Cornette, JB Jamison, K Parkinson, ER Giesselmann, M Worsey, P Baird, J Schmidt, M Kristiansen, M TI Electrical behavior of a simple helical flux compression generator for code benchmarking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A variety of basic magnetic flux compression (MFC) generator geometries have been tested during the last three decades. Though size and operating regimes differ widely, it is apparent that the helical flux compression generator is the most promising concept with respect to current amplification and compactness. Though the geometry of the helical generator (dynamically expanding armature in the center of a current carrying helix) seems to be basic, it turns out that the understanding of all involved processes is rather difficult. This fact is apparent from the present lack of a computer model that is solely based on physical principles and manages without heuristic factors. A simple generator was designed to address flux and current losses of the helical generator. The generator's maximum current amplitude is given as a function of the seed current and the resulting "seed-current" spread is compared to the output of state-of-the-art computer models. Temporally resolved current and current time derivative signals are compared as well. The detailed generator geometry is introduced in order to facilitate future computer code bench marking or development. The impact of this research on the present understanding of magnetic flux losses in helical MFC generators is briefly discussed. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pulsed Power Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Pulsed Power Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32549 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Min, RMERC Fac, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Neuber, A (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pulsed Power Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Neuber, Andreas/E-2956-2010 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 BP 573 EP 581 DI 10.1109/27.940950 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 465CF UT WOS:000170571500002 ER PT J AU Roy, AK Sihn, S AF Roy, AK Sihn, S TI Development of a three-dimensional mixed variational model for woven composites. I. Mathematical formulation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE woven composite; fabric composite; Reissner variational principle; three-dimensional stress analysis ID FAILURE BEHAVIOR AB A mixed three-dimensional variational model has been derived for stress analysis of a representative volume element of woven fabric composites, based on the Reissner variational principle. In this model, each yarn is modeled as a homogeneous orthotropic (in its own material axes) medium, and the matrix regions that exist around the wavy yarns are also represented as separate regions in the model. In order to accurately predict the characteristic damage (crack initiation and its propagation), the equilibrium of stresses is satisfied pointwise everywhere in the model, and the yarn-interface stress compatibility is enforced in the model. The variational principle yields a set of second-order partial differential equations, which can numerically be solved by either by finite element or finite difference approaches. A solution procedure with representative results is given in an adjoining paper. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, 2941 P St Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 34-35 BP 5935 EP 5947 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00404-2 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 451TA UT WOS:000169816300004 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Roy, AK AF Sihn, S Roy, AK TI Development of a three-dimensional mixed variational model for woven composites. II. Numerical solution and validation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Reissner variational principle; penalty method; Rayleigh-Ritz approximation; free-edge problem; woven fabric composite AB A mixed three-dimensional variational model, derived in an adjoining paper, is solved numerically for stress analysis with a finite element approach. Since the mixed model calculates the stress field by taking variations of displacement and stresses independently and satisfying equilibrium of stresses pointwise, accurate interlaminar stresses are predicted at the yarn interface. The interface continuity conditions are implemented through a penalty method by adding an additional variational energy of two constraint conditions: the displacements must be continuous along the interface between two stacked subregions, and interfacial normal and shear stresses must be in equilibrium at the interface. After performing the thickness integration, the three-dimensional variational energy equation is evaluated for each yarn (subregion) two-dimensionally with 16 stress-related and 13 displacement-related unknown variables. Rayleigh-Ritz approximation yields a system of linear equations by taking derivatives of the variational energy equation with respect to the independent unknown variables, The present mixed method is applied to analyze a flat laminated composite with a free edge, and the representative volume element of woven fabric composites. The displacement and stress results of the present method are compared and validated with the conventional displacement-based finite element solutions and/ or the previous analytic solution. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 P St Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 34-35 BP 5949 EP 5962 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00405-4 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 451TA UT WOS:000169816300005 ER PT J AU Grismer, LE Gill, SA Harris, MD AF Grismer, LE Gill, SA Harris, MD TI Liver biopsy in psoriatic arthritis to detect methotrexate hepatotoxicity SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methotrexate; arthritis; psoriatic; liver diseases ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; LONG-TERM AB The use of methotrexate in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis is associated with risk of hepatotoxicity. However, monitoring of liver-associated enzymes often lacks sensitivity, and guidelines for serial liver biopsies in psoriatic arthritis are not yet well established. We performed a retrospective review of all patients with psoriatic arthritis receiving methotrexate who were enrolled in the disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug clinics (DMARD clinics) at the Air Force and Army hospitals in San Antonio, Texas. Information was obtained regarding methotrexate regimen, liver-associated enzyme results, and liver biopsy results. Thirty psoriatic arthritis patients were taking methotrexate in the DMARD clinics. Seventeen patients had a total of 21 biopsies. Biopsies were performed for surveillance dictated by cumulative dose. Liver biopsies were graded on Roenigk scale of I-IV where I is mild steatosis, IT is moderate steatosis, Ma is mild fibrosis, IIIb is severe fibrosis, and IV is cirrhosis. Ten biopsies were grade I, 5 were grade II, 5 were grade IIIa, I was grade IIIb, and none were grade IV. In this very small retrospective study, regular monitoring of liver-associated enzymes did not correlate with histologic deterioration in our patients. Until prospective studies are performed, we suggest that routine liver biopsies are necessary to monitor for methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriatic arthritis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Grismer, LE (reprint author), USAF, MC, Dept Rheumatol, SGOMJ,David Grant Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1097/00124743-200108000-00007 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 466AB UT WOS:000170621200005 PM 17039139 ER PT J AU Scroggie, D Harris, MD Abel, M Sakai, L Arroyo, R AF Scroggie, D Harris, MD Abel, M Sakai, L Arroyo, R TI Vasculitis following treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with extracorporeal staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption column (Prosorba) SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prosorba; vasculitis; rheumatoid arthritis; immunoabsorption column; treatment-induced vasculitis ID CHURG-STRAUSS-SYNDROME; POLYARTERITIS-NODOSA; A COLUMN; MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS; CLINICAL ASPECTS; MANIFESTATIONS; HEPATITIS; THERAPY AB We report a case of vasculitis after Prosorba treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient is a 66-year-old white male with long standing rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B. He was treated with the standard regimen for Prosorba treatment. He improved and met criteria for an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% response. While on therapy he developed a nonhealing ulcer. Approximately 2 weeks after treatment was completed, he developed palpable purpura and mononeuritis multiplex. Deep dermal biopsy confirmed the presence of both small and medium vessel vasculitis. Nerve conductions studies were consistent with neuropathic conduction delays. He was treated with 1mg/kg/day of oral prednisone. Prosorba has been reported to cause leukocytoclastic vasculitis during treatment, but has not been noted to involve medium sized vessels. This patient's history and presentation are most consistent with rheumatoid arthritis associated vasculitis, though the Prosorba treatment cannot be ruled out as a cause or a contributing factor. Importantly, although Prosorba treated his synovitis, it did not prevent concomitant vasculitis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Scroggie, D (reprint author), 759 MDOS MMIR,2200 Bergquisst Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 238 EP 241 DI 10.1097/00124743-200108000-00009 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 466AB UT WOS:000170621200007 PM 17039141 ER PT J AU Song, Y Ng, CY Jarvis, GK Dressler, RA AF Song, Y Ng, CY Jarvis, GK Dressler, RA TI Rotational-resolved pulsed field ionization-photoelectron study of NO+(A ' (1)Sigma(-),v(+)=0-17) in the energy range of 17.70-20.10 eV SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY; NITRIC-OXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; THRESHOLD; PHOTOIONIZATION; BANDS; V(+)=0-38); CURVES; STATES AB We have obtained partially rotationally resolved pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectra of NO in the energy range of 17.70-20.10 eV, covering ionization transitions of NO+(A' (1)Sigma (-),v(+)=0-17,J(+))<-- NO(X (2)Pi (3/2,1/2),v'=0,J'). The PFI-PE bands for NO+(A' (1)Sigma (-),v(+)=0-17) obtained here represent the first spectroscopic data that allow the direct determination of rotational constants for these states. As in previous studies, the PFI-PE bands are simulated using the Buckingham-Orr-Sichel model as an empirical scheme to derive reliable spectroscopic constants. The simulation, together with comparison with previous He I photoelectron data, has also provided information on intensity enhancements of PFI-PE bands. Accurate spectroscopic constants for NO+(A' (1)Sigma (-),v(+)=0-17) obtained in the present study include ionization energies, vibrational constants (omega (e)=1272.03 +/-1.45 cm(-1), omega (e)chi (e)=11.924 +/-0.188 cm(-1), and omega (e)y(e)=-0.059 +/-0.007 cm(-1)), and rotational constants [B-e=1.3562 +/-0.0024 cm(-1), alpha (e)=0.017 80 +/-0.000 61 cm(-1), and gamma (e)=-(1.574 +/-0.328)x10(-4) cm(-1)]. The simulation indicates that continuum photoelectron states can be formed with orbital angular momenta l up to 5, which corresponds to the maximum total angular momentum transfer of \DeltaJ\=13/2. Since the dominant rotational branches observed are DeltaJ=+/-1/2, +/-3/2, +/-5/2, +/-7/2, and +9/2, we conclude that continuum photoelectron states are predominantly produced in l=0-3 in the threshold photoionization of NO(X (2)Pi (3/2,1/2)) to form NO+(A' (1)Sigma (-),v(+)=0-17). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ng, CY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 5 BP 2101 EP 2108 DI 10.1063/1.1385522 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 453QQ UT WOS:000169927700017 ER PT J AU Forney, JR Magill, AJ Wongsrichanalai, C Sirichaisinthop, J Bautista, CT Heppner, DG Miller, RS Ockenhouse, CF Gubanov, A Shafer, R DeWitt, CC Quino-Ascurra, HA Kester, KE Kain, KC Walsh, DS Ballou, WR Gasser, RA AF Forney, JR Magill, AJ Wongsrichanalai, C Sirichaisinthop, J Bautista, CT Heppner, DG Miller, RS Ockenhouse, CF Gubanov, A Shafer, R DeWitt, CC Quino-Ascurra, HA Kester, KE Kain, KC Walsh, DS Ballou, WR Gasser, RA TI Malaria rapid diagnostic devices: Performance characteristics of the ParaSight F device determined in a multisite field study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; EXPERT MICROSCOPY; DIPSTICK TEST; ANTIGEN; MANAGEMENT; TRAVELERS; ACCURACY AB Microscopic detection of parasites has been the reference standard for malaria diagnosis for decades. However, difficulty in maintaining required technical skills and infrastructure has spurred the development of several nonmicroscopic malaria rapid diagnostic devices based on the detection of malaria parasite antigen in whole blood. The ParaSight F test is one such device. It detects the presence of Plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine-rich protein 2 by using an antigen-capture immunochromatographic strip format. The present study was conducted at outpatient malaria clinics in Iquitos, Peru, and Maesod, Thailand. Duplicate, blinded, expert microscopy was employed as the reference standard for evaluating device performance. Of 2,988 eligible patients, microscopy showed that 547 (18%) had P. falciparum, 658 (22%) had P. vivax, 2 (0.07%) had P. malariae, and 1,750 (59%) were negative for Plasmodium. Mixed infections (P. falciparum and P. vivax) were identified in 31 patients (1%). The overall sensitivity of ParaSight F for P. falciparum was 95%. When stratified by magnitude of parasitemia (no. of asexual parasites per microliter of whole blood), sensitivities were 83% (>0 to 500 parasites/mul), 87% (501 to 1,000/mul), 98% (1,001 to 5,000/mul), and 98% (>5,000/mul). Device specificity was 86%. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Hosp Apoyo, Iquitos, Peru. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Vector Borne Dis Control Off 1, Sara Buri, Thailand. Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Forney, JR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Official Mail & Distribut Ctr, MADN CHEM, 646 Swift Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; NR 35 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2884 EP 2890 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2884-2890.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 459HT UT WOS:000170245500021 PM 11474008 ER PT J AU Sheta, EF Harrand, VJ Huttsell, LJ AF Sheta, EF Harrand, VJ Huttsell, LJ TI Active vortical flow control for alleviation of twin-tail buffet of generic fighter aircraft SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB A multidisciplinary computational investigation has been conducted to examine the feasibility of controlling the buffet problem using different active flow control methods. Tangential central blowing (TCB), tangential vortex blowing (TVB), and tangential spanwise blowing (TSB) methods were used to inject high-momentum fluid into the vortical flow of generic fighter aircraft flying at 30 degrees angle of attack. The effect of blowing strength on the buffet responses is also investigated. The injection is aimed to strengthen the wing vortices and to delay the onset of breakdown in order to alleviate the twin-tail buffet. The results indicated that blowing directly into the core of the leading-edge vortices has more potential in controlling the buffet responses and in the reformation of unburst vortices with larger length. The TVB method produced the most favorable results with a reduction of about 43% in the buffet excitation parameter and a reduction of about 40% in the amplitude of bending deflection. This multidisciplinary investigation is conducted using the multidisciplinary computing environment (MDICE). (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sheta, EF (reprint author), CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 15 IS 6 BP 769 EP 789 DI 10.1006/jfls.2000.0378 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 463WD UT WOS:000170499500001 ER PT J AU Heinemann, M Wolf, RA AF Heinemann, M Wolf, RA TI Relationships of models of the inner magnetosphere to the Rice Convection Model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD CONFIGURATION; LOW LATITUDES AB Ideal magnetohydrodynamics is known to be inaccurate for the Earth's inner magnetosphere, where transport by gradient-curvature drift is nonnegligible compared to E x B drift. Most theoretical treatments of the inner plasma sheet and ring current, including the Rice Convection Model (RCM), treat the inner magnetospheric plasma in tel ms of guiding center drifts. The RCM assumes that the distribution function is isotropic, but particles with different energy invariants are treated as separate guiding center fluids. However, Peymirat and Fontaine [1994] developed a two-fluid picture of the inner magnetosphere, which utilizes modified forms of the conventional fluid equations, not guiding center drift equations. Heinemann [1999] argued theoretically that for inner magnetospheric conditions the fluid energy equation should include a heat flux term, which, in the case of Maxwellian plasma, was derived by Braginskii [1965]. We have now reconciled the Heinemann [1999] fluid approach with the RCM. The fluid equations, including the Braginskii heat flux, can be derived by taking appropriate moments of the RCM equations for the case of the Maxwellian distribution. The physical difference between the RCM formalism and the Heinemann [1999] fluid approach is that the RCM pretends that particles suffer elastic collisions that maintain the isotropy of the distribution function but do not change particle energies. The Heinemann [1999] fluid treatment makes a different physical approximation, namely that the collisions maintain local thermal equilibrium among the ions and separately among the electrons. For some simple cases, numerical results are presented that illustrate the differences in the predictions of the two formalisms, along with those of MHD, guiding center theory, and Peymirat and Fontaine [1994]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Heinemann, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, 29 Randoph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A8 BP 15545 EP 15554 DI 10.1029/2000JA000389 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 456HQ UT WOS:000170077400011 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ AF Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ TI A procedure for multiple-pulse maximum permissible exposure determination under the Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; pulsed lasers ID PRIMATE EYE; LESIONS AB The current national consensus standard for laser safety in the United States is the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1). Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of this standard has been conducted. The updated version of the standard (Z136.1-2000) incorporates a wealth of new bioeffects data and establishes a number of new maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits for laser safety. The updated standard also includes new procedures for the computation of MPE values, which must be understood by health physicists, laser safety officers, and others in the field of occupational safety. Here we present the first in a series of tutorial articles to clarify laser safety analysis procedures under this new standard. This article deals with the proper application of three rules for determining the appropriate MPE values for repetitively pulsed lasers or repeated exposures from laser beams. (C) 2001 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USACHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 467MN UT WOS:000170708500002 ER PT J AU Pope, RS Wolf, PJ AF Pope, RS Wolf, PJ TI Rare gas pressure broadening of the NO fundamental vibrational band SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE pressure broadening; line broadening; nitric oxide; NO; Fourier transform spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy ID SPECTRAL-LINE PARAMETERS; NITRIC-OXIDE; COEFFICIENTS; FREQUENCY AB Pressure broadening of rotational transitions in the nitric oxide fundamental band was studied using Fourier transform spectroscopy, Rotational level dependent broadening coefficients were determined for both the (2)Pi (1/2) and (2)Pi (3/2) substates at 300 K using the five noble gases as the broadening species. Pressure broadening coefficients were also determined for Q-branch transitions using At as the collision partner. This information was subsequently used to study the broadening of the Q-branch absorption lines at 900 Torr total pressure. The high-pressure spectra showed significant deviations from a simple fit using a sum of Lorentzians that indicated the possible effects of line coupling. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pope, RS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 208 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2001.8401 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 472QJ UT WOS:000170996200001 ER PT J AU Edwards, AH Shedd, WM Pugh, RD AF Edwards, AH Shedd, WM Pugh, RD TI Theory of H- in SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; TRAPPED-HOLE; CRYSTALLINE SIO2; INTERFACE TRAPS; ELECTRON; DEFECTS; ENERGIES; SILICON; A-SIO2; STATES AB We present an ab initio molecular orbital study of H in SiO2 with special emphasis on H-. We have calculated equilibrium geometries, vibrational spectra, binding energies and electrical levels. For the electrical levels, we have included long-range polarization effects in three approximations. We compare our results to those of Yokozawa and Miyamoto and others. We find that H-0 is unstable in SiO2. However, we find that, rather than disproportionate, it prefers to dimerize. We alsb predict that H-0 is a deep electron trap. Finally, we find that long-range polarization effects are crucially important for obtaining even qualitatively correct values for electrical levels. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Edwards, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG PY 2001 VL 289 IS 1-3 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00649-4 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 468KJ UT WOS:000170756600006 ER PT J AU Prasad, A Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Prasad, A Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Low-frequency fluctuations in external cavity semiconductor lasers: understanding based on a simple dynamical model SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE semiconductor lasers; nonlinear dynamics; fluctuation phenomena ID OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; LINEWIDTH; CHAOS; BIFURCATION; INJECTION; SPECTRUM; NOISE; BOUNDARIES AB We investigate the dynamical origin of low-frequency fluctuations (LFFs) in external cavity semiconductor lasers by utilizing a simplified, three-dimensional model derived from the infinite-dimensional Lang-Kobayashi (LK) equations. The simplified model preserves the dynamical properties of the external-cavity modes (ECMs) and antimodes which play a fundamental role in the generation of LFFs. This model yields a clear picture of the dynamical origin of the LFFs. Two distinct regions are observed in parameter space, one with the presence of the maximum-gain mode (MGM), and another without it. In particular, we show that, in the absence of noise, LFFs are a consequence of the dynamical interactions among different ECMs and antimodes. When a small amount of noise is present, LFFs result from an intermittent switching of trajectories among different coexisting attractors in the phase space. The presence of double peaks in the distribution of power dropout times, which has been observed recently in experiments, is explained, and a scaling relation is obtained between the average switching time and the noise strength. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Prasad, Awadhesh/0000-0003-0123-5146 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 3 IS 4 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/3/4/308 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 481WH UT WOS:000171543100009 ER PT J AU Zahn, CM Kendall, BS Liang, CY AF Zahn, CM Kendall, BS Liang, CY TI Spindle cell lipoma of the female genital tract - A report of two cases SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lipoma; genital neoplasms, female; cervix neoplasms; vulvar neoplasms; spindle cell lipoma ID TUMORS AB BACKGROUND: Lipomas presenting in the female genital tract are most commonly seen in the vulva or myometrium as a component of a leiomyoma. These lesions have the gross appearance of a typical lipoma. CASES: Two cases of spindle cell lipoma occurred, one incidentally encountered in the cervix and the other presenting as a vulvar mass. Both lesions demonstrated histologic features characteristic of spindle cell lipomas normally found elsewhere, and the diagnosis was supported by immunohistochemical staining patterns. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of spindle cell lipomas diagnosed in the female genital tract. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Zahn, CM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 46 IS 8 BP 769 EP 772 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 467GM UT WOS:000170694100015 PM 11547655 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Cho, KS Park, JW Goltz, MN Khim, JH Kim, JY AF Kim, HJ Cho, KS Park, JW Goltz, MN Khim, JH Kim, JY TI Sorption and biodegradation of vapor-phase organic compounds with wastewater sludge and food waste compost SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; VOC EMISSIONS; TOLUENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; COMETABOLISM; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; 3-CHLORODIBENZOFURAN; BIOFILTRATION; LANDFILLS AB To test the possible use of composted food waste and wastewater sludge as biofilters to treat gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs), batch experiments were conducted with an isolated strain that could degrade aromatic compounds under aerobic conditions. A benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE) mixture was used as the gas-phase pollutant in experiments with composted food waste, sludge, and soil. Under aerobic conditions, benzene was degraded as a primary substrate and TCE was degraded cometabolically, with water contents varying from 6 to 60% (volume of water added/volume of solid). Optimal water content for VOC removal was 12% for the soil, 36% for the composted food waste, and 48% for the sludge. The extent of VOC sorption and biodegradation at the optimal water content was different for each material. With the same initial VOC concentration, more VOCs were removed by sorption onto the composted food waste and the sludge, while less VOCs were biodegraded in comparison with the results using soil. The reason the biodegradation in the soil was greater may be partly attributed to the fact that, due to less sorption, the aqueous-phase concentration of VOCs, which microorganisms could utilize as a carbon source or cometabolize, was higher. We also speculate that the distribution of microorganisms in each medium affects the rate of biodegradation. A large number of microorganisms were attached to the composted food waste and sludge. Mass transfer of VOCs and oxygen to these microorganisms, which appear to have been heterogeneously distributed in clusters, may have been limited, resulting in hindered biodegradation. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Natl Subsurface Environm Res Lab, Seoul 120750, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Civil Urban Geosyst Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; Kim, Hye-Jin/E-8245-2011; Khim, Jeehyeong/D-2327-2013; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1237 EP 1244 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 467AD UT WOS:000170677600012 PM 11518298 ER PT J AU Fang, QL Evans, DA Roberson, SL Zheng, JP AF Fang, QL Evans, DA Roberson, SL Zheng, JP TI Ruthenium oxide film electrodes prepared at low temperatures for electrochemical capacitors SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Ruthenium oxide films were grown on metal substrates at temperatures from 100 to 300 degreesC using a ruthenium ethoxide solution as the precursor. The amorphous phase and highly porous ruthenium oxide films were formed at temperatures of 200 degreesC and lower. A specific capacitance of 593 F/g and an interfacial capacitance of 4 F/cm(2) were measured from a single-cell capacitor made with ruthenium oxide film electrodes prepared at 200 degreesC. The specific capacitance as a function of temperature and film thickness was studied. A comparison of the surface morphology and electrochemical properties for ruthenium oxide film electrodes made by the ruthenium ethoxide precursor and the ruthenium chloride precursor was also made. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Evans Capacitor Co, E Providence, RI 02914 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Fang, QL (reprint author), Maxim Integrated Prod Inc, Chandler, AZ 85225 USA. NR 11 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 148 IS 8 BP A833 EP A837 DI 10.1149/1.1379739 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 462BR UT WOS:000170400700005 ER PT J AU Kashyap, MVS Reil, TD Moore, WS Hoang, TX Gelabert, HA Byrns, RE Ignarro, LJ Freischlag, JA AF Kashyap, MVS Reil, TD Moore, WS Hoang, TX Gelabert, HA Byrns, RE Ignarro, LJ Freischlag, JA TI Acute arterial thrombosis causes endothelial dysfunction: A new paradigm for thrombolytic therapy SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JUN 13-14, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Vascular Surg ID NITRIC-OXIDE; L-ARGININE; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; CELLS; THROMBECTOMY; PLATELETS; UROKINASE; VEIN AB Purpose: The goals of this study were to delineate the time course of endothelial dysfunction after arterial thrombosis, to determine the cause of endothelial dysfunction in this setting, and to determine whether modulating standard thrombolytic therapy would ameliorate the thrombosis-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Methods: Male adult rats underwent infrarenal aortic occlusion by means of clip ligature to induce arterial thrombosis. After 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3 hours, ring segments from the infrarenal aorta were harvested and placed into physiologic buffer baths. With the use of a force transducer, both endothelial dependent relaxation (EDR) and endothelial-independent relaxation (EIR) were measured. Endothelial function and presence were determined by means of factor VIII immunohistochemical staining. Endothelial morphology was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nitric oxide (NO) levels a,crc determined with a chemiluminescent assay of its nitrite/nitrate metabolites (NOx). Standard thrombolytic therapy with urokinase (UK) was infused into thrombosed aortic ring segments and compared with UK supplemented with both low-dose L-arginine (2 mmol) and high-dose L-arginine (20 mmol). Results: Arterial thrombosis decreases EDR. The nadir of EDR occurs 1 hour after thrombosis (mean +/- SE, 13% +/- 6.4% vs 94% +/- 2.6% for controls, P <.005), with persistent lowering of EDR as long as 3 hours after thrombosis. EIR is preserved, and vasoconstriction with norepinephrine or potassium buffer is unaltered. Both endothelial function and presence (n = 6 per group) were documented by means of factor VIII immunohistochemistry. An intact monolayer of endothelium at all time intervals after thrombosis was revealed by means of SEM analysis. No differences between control and thrombosed specimens were revealed by means of the grading of SEM images. Local NO, levels were lower after I hour of thrombosis, with an increase higher than baseline values at 3 hours. The addition of low-dose L-arginine resulted in a minor increase in EDR. However, high-dose L-arginine resulted in a significant increase in EDR versus controls receiving UK alone (64% +/- 6.3% vs 38% +/- 4.4%, P <.05). Correspondingly, local NO. levels were 20-fold higher after the high-dose L-arginine supplementation when compared with UK thrombolysis alone (2.8 +/- 0.52 mu mol/L vs 0.133 +/- 0.02 mu mol/L, n = 6 samples/group, P <.005). Conclusion; Acute arterial thrombosis causes endothelial dysfunction, without causing endothelial cell loss. Endothelial function reaches a nadir after 1 hour of thrombosis. EIR and vasoconstriction remain unaffected, indicating normal smooth muscle cell function. NOx levels suggest that NO levels are decreased acutely after thrombosis. Supplementing standard thrombolytic therapy with the NO precursor, L-arginine, ameliorates the endothelial dysfunction seen after acute thrombosis by increasing local NO production. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Gonda Goldschmied Vasc Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Freischlag, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Gonda Goldschmied Vasc Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, 200 UCLA Med Plaza,Suite 526, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 34 IS 2 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 463JT UT WOS:000170473900021 ER PT J AU Self, BP Paine, D AF Self, BP Paine, D TI Ankle biomechanics during four landing techniques SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE Achilles tendon; impact; stiffness ID IMPACT FORCES; LOWER-EXTREMITY; KINETICS; TENDON AB Purpose: An understanding of landing techniques is important for the prevention of injuries in a number of athletic events. There is a risk of injury to the ankle during landings, and the kinematics and forces involved in different landing strategies may be related to the occurrence of trauma. Methods: In the current study, four drop conditions from a 30.48-cm (12-inch) height were tested. The conditions were a) BN: Bent knee (self-selected), Natural (self-selected) plantar flexor contraction b) SN: Stiff-knee, Natural plantar flexors c) SP: Stiff-knee, Plantar flexors absorbing the impact; and d) SH: Stiff-knee, absorbing most of the impact in the Heels. Peak vertical forces and accelerations were measured, and Achilles tendon forces and stiffnesses were calculated. Results: Peak vertical forces and peak tibial accelerations were highest for the SH condition (2418 N and 20.7 G), whereas peak Achilles tendon force was highest for SP drops. The overall average AT stiffness was 166,345 N.m(-1). Conclusions: The results from the study were used in an extensive cadaver study to investigate ankle injuries. The data from the current study indicate that athletes may not use their full energy absorbing potential in landings during sporting activities. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Self, BP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1338 EP 1344 DI 10.1097/00005768-200108000-00015 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 459WV UT WOS:000170275200015 PM 11474336 ER PT J AU Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL AF Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL TI Determination of interface heat-transfer coefficients for permanent-mold casting of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Interface heat-transfer coefficients (h(0)) for permanent-mold casting (PMC) of Ti-6Al-4V were established as a function of casting surface temperature using a calibration-curve technique. Because mold geometry has a strong effect on h(0), values were determined for both of the two limiting interface types, "shrink-off' and "shrink-on." For this purpose, casting experiments with instrumented molds were performed for cylinder- and pipe-shaped castings. The measured temperature transients were used in conjunction with two-dimensional (2-D) axisymmetric finite-element method (FEM) simulations to determine h(0)(T). For the shrink-off interface type, h(0) was found to decrease linearly from 2000 to 1500 W/m(2) K between the liquidus and the solidus, from 1500 to 325 W/m(2) K between the solidus and the gap-formation temperature, and at a rate of 0.3 W/m(2) K/K thereafter. For the shrink-on interface type, ho was found to increase linearly from 2000 to 2500 W/m(2) K between the liquidus and the solidus temperatures, from 2500 to 5000 W/m(2) K between the solidus and the gap-formation temperature, and to remain constant thereafter. The shrink-on values were up to 100 times the shrink-off values, indicating the importance of accounting for the interface geometry in FEM simulations of this process. The FEM-predicted casting and mold temperatures were found to be insensitive to certain changes in the h(0) values and sensitive to others. A comparison to published h(0) values for PMC of aluminum alloys showed some similarities and some differences. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kobryn, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 685 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s11663-001-0123-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 466AL UT WOS:000170622100011 ER PT J AU Moron, CG Popov, VL Feng, HM Wear, D Walker, DH AF Moron, CG Popov, VL Feng, HM Wear, D Walker, DH TI Identification of the target cells of Orientia tsutsugamushi in human cases of scrub typhus SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemistry; Orientia tsutsugamushi; rickettsia; scrub typhus ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; HOST DEFENSES; INFECTION; COMPONENTS; IMMUNITY; CONORII; GENES AB Orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiologic agent of scrub typhus, a chigger-borne zoonosis that is a highly prevalent, life-threatening illness of greatest public health importance in tropical Asia and the islands of the western Pacific Ocean. The target cell of this bacterium is poorly defined in humans. In this study, O. tsutsugamushi were identified by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against O. tsutsugamushi Karp strain in paraffin-embedded archived autopsy tissues of three patients xvith clinical suspicion of scrub typhus who died during World War II and the Vietnam War. Rickettsiae were located in endothelial cells in all of the organs evaluated, namely heart, lung, brain, kidney, pancreas, and skin, and within cardiac muscle cells and in macrophages located in liver and spleen. Electron microscopy confirmed the location of rickettsiae in endothelium and cardiac myocytes. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Walker, DH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 14 IS 8 BP 752 EP 759 DI 10.1038/modpathol.3880385 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 463CW UT WOS:000170460100003 PM 11504834 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Akhtar, FZ Arezzo, JC Garabrant, DH Albers, JW AF Michalek, JE Akhtar, FZ Arezzo, JC Garabrant, DH Albers, JW TI Serum dioxin and peripheral neuropathy in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dioxin; epidemiology; herbicides; peripheral neuropathy; TCDD ID HEALTH-STATUS; PATERNAL DIOXIN; EXPOSURE; HERBICIDES; CHLORACNE; VIETNAM; WORKERS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES AB We studied whether exposure to Agent Orange and its contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), during the Vietnam War is related to peripheral neuropathy. The index subjects were veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerial herbicide spraying in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. We report peripheral nerve function assessed in 1982, 1985, 1987, 1992 and 1997, nerve conduction velocities measured in 1982, and vibrotactile thresholds of the great toes measured in 1992 and 1997. We assigned each Ranch Hand veteran to one of three exposure categories named "background", "low" and "high", based on his serum dioxin level. Other than the bilateral vibrotactile abnormalities, we consistently-found a statistically significant increased risk of all indices of peripheral neuropathy among Ranch Hand veterans in the high exposure category in 1997, and a statistically significant increased risk of diagnosed peripheral neuropathy, incorporating bilateral vibrotactile abnormalities of the great toes, in the high category in 1992. Restricting to the enlisted veterans did not alter these results. Cautious interpretation of these results is appropriate until the relationship between pre-clinical diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy is further evaluated in future examinations. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. VISTA Technol Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 10 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00052-3 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 474QJ UT WOS:000171118100007 PM 11577805 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Morris, RD Akhtar, FZ Michalek, JE AF Barrett, DH Morris, RD Akhtar, FZ Michalek, JE TI Serum dioxin and cognitive functioning among veterans of Operation Ranch Hand SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dioxin; epidemiology; herbicide; cognitive function; memory; TCDD ID AGENT-ORANGE; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; VIETNAM AB We used the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery, the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised, the Wechsler memory scale, and the wide range achievement test to assess cognitive functioning among Air Force veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), during the Vietnam war The index subjects were veterans of Operation Ranch Hand (N = 937), the unit responsible for aerial herbicide spraying in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. A comparison group of other Air Force veterans (N = 1052), who served in Southeast Asia during the same period but were not involved with spraying herbicides served as referents. Cognitive functioning was assessed in 1982, and dioxin levels were measured in 1987 and 1992. We assigned each Ranch Hand veteran to the background, low, or high dioxin exposure category on the basis of a measurement of dioxin body burden. Although we found no global effect of dioxin exposure on cognitive functioning, we did find that several measures of memory functioning were decreased among veterans with the highest dioxin exposure.. These results became more distinct when we restricted the analysis to enlisted personnel, the subgroup with the highest dioxin levels. An analysis based on dioxin quintiles in the combined cohort produced consistent results, with veterans in the fifth quintile exhibiting reduced verbal memory function. Although statistically significant, these differences were relatively small and of uncertain clinical significance. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. SpecPro Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00051-1 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 474QJ UT WOS:000171118100008 PM 11577806 ER PT J AU Darwish, M Moukalled, F Sekar, B AF Darwish, M Moukalled, F Sekar, B TI A unified formulation of the segregated class of algorithms for multifluid flow at all speeds SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES; FINITE-VOLUME METHOD; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; 2-PHASE FLOW; NUMERICAL-CALCULATION; TURBULENT-FLOW; FLUID-FLOW; TRANSPORT; MODELS; PAST AB The class of segregated pressure-based, single-fluid, all-speed flow algorithms is extended to multifluid flow simulations using a unified, compact, and easy-to-understand notation. Depending on the constraint equation used to derive the pressure-correction equation, the extended multifluid flow algorithms are shown to fall under two categories, denoted in this work as mass conservation-based algorithms (MCBA) and geometric conservation-based algorithms (GCBA). This article deals with the formulation of both types of algorithms and presents several techniques developed to promote and accelerate their convergence. Moreover, the differences and similarities between the two categories are explained and the mass conservation-based formulation is shown to represent a subset of the geometric-based formulation. C1 Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Mech Engn, Fac Engn & Architecture, Beirut, Lebanon. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRTT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Moukalled, F (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Mech Engn, Fac Engn & Architecture, POB 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon. OI Darwish, Marwan/0000-0002-2120-469X NR 79 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 99 EP 137 PG 39 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 470TN UT WOS:000170887400001 ER PT J AU Yu, DJ Wallace, I Harrison, RG Gavrielides, A AF Yu, DJ Wallace, I Harrison, RG Gavrielides, A TI Low frequency fluctuations and locked states in a multi-mode semiconductor laser with external cavity SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE low frequency fluctuations; locked states; multi-mode semiconductor lasers; dynamical behavior ID OPTICAL FEEDBACK; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; DYNAMICS; GAIN; COEXISTENCE; SUBJECT; DIODES; REGIME AB The low frequency fluctuations (LFF) in a multi-mode semiconductor laser in an external cavity is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The results of the dynamical behaviors not only of the total intensity but also of a few frequency resolved dominant modes of the solitary laser are presented. We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that the so-called locked state (synchronous Sisyphus effect) we reported previously in which the dropout events occur with a high degree of periodicity persists even when the laser operates on a large number of solitary cavity modes. We show that slow energy transfer between solitary modes is a common effect when the laser undergoes LFFs or is in the locked state and that this effect is predicted by the multi-mode Lang-Kobayashi equations to be noise driven. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Grp, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. USAF, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FOTI Technol Inc, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. RP Harrison, RG (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Grp, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 195 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01331-1 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 457JT UT WOS:000170134300031 ER PT J AU Haverluk, TW AF Haverluk, TW TI From Aztec to high tech: Architecture and landscape across the Mexico-United States border SO PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Haverluk, TW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0030-8684 J9 PAC HIST REV JI Pac. Hist. Rev. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 70 IS 3 BP 511 EP 513 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 468XK UT WOS:000170783300021 ER PT J AU Bao, LR Yee, AF Lee, CYC AF Bao, LR Yee, AF Lee, CYC TI Moisture absorption and hygrothermal aging in a bismaleimide resin SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE water diffusion; bismaleimide; non-Fickian diffusion ID GLASS-TRANSITION; EPOXY-RESINS; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; THERMAL HISTORY; DIFFUSION; SORPTION; WATER; ENVIRONMENTS AB Moisture diffusion in a BMT resin has been investigated by submerging thin specimens in water. The weight gain of the neat resin deviates significantly from Fick's law in that the uptake continues to slowly increase over an extended time scale. A two-stage diffusion model can successfully fit the experimental data. This model considers the structural relaxation induced by absorbed moisture, which is a good plasticizer of the resin. Desorption and re-absorption experiments indicate that the structural relaxation is irreversible upon desorption of water molecules. Dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrate the plasticizing and rejuvenating effect of water. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Michigan, Macromol Sci & Engn Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Yee, AF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Macromol Sci & Engn Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Yee, Albert/E-5398-2010 OI Yee, Albert/0000-0002-5762-6042 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG PY 2001 VL 42 IS 17 BP 7327 EP 7333 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00238-5 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 434CQ UT WOS:000168797900011 ER PT J AU Zagidullin, MV Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Khvatov, NA Anderson, BT Tate, RF Hager, GD AF Zagidullin, MV Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Khvatov, NA Anderson, BT Tate, RF Hager, GD TI Amplification and gas-dynamic parameters of the active oxygen-iodine medium produced by an ejector nozzle unit SO QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE oxygen - iodine laser; iodine atom; diode spectroscopy ID COIL; GAIN AB The gain, the temperature, and the absolute velocity of the supersonic active oxygen-iodine medium produced by an ejector nozzle unit were determined by the technique of high-resolution diode laser spectroscopy. The gain in the active medium is formed at less than 44 mm from the nozzle unit for an absolute flow velocity upsilon approximate to 600 m s(-1). Upon dilution of oxygen by primary nitrogen in the ratio of I : 6.9, the gain of the active medium amounts to 7 x 10(-3) cm(-1), the temperature of the active medium to 200 K, the absolute flow velocity to 580 m s(-1) and the pressure to 58 Torr. As the dilution is increased to I : 13.5 the gain reduces to 4.5 x 10(-3) cm(-1), the temperature lowers to 180 K, the velocity of the active medium increases to 615 in s(-1), and the pressure increases to 88 Torr. The increase in the initial content of water vapour in the oxygen flow results in an increase in the temperature and a decrease in the gain of the active medium. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Samara 443011, Russia. USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zagidullin, MV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Novosadovaya Ul 221, Samara 443011, Russia. RI Svistun, Mikhael/N-5606-2015; Zagidullin, Marsel/M-8631-2015; Khvatov, Nikolay/G-6730-2016 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TURPION LTD PI LETCHWORTH PA TURPIN DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-7818 J9 QUANTUM ELECTRON+ JI Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 31 IS 8 BP 678 EP 682 DI 10.1070/QE2001v031n08ABEH002026 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 504WT UT WOS:000172879600003 ER PT J AU Bienfang, JC Teehan, RF Denman, CA AF Bienfang, JC Teehan, RF Denman, CA TI Phase noise transfer in resonant optical cavities SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LASER AB We study theoretically and experimentally the field circulating in a resonant optical cavity when the phase of the incident field and the length of the cavity exhibit fluctuations about their mean values. With a simple model we derive transfer functions which relate the spectral density of phase noise of both the input field and the cavity length to that of the circulating field. In agreement with the standard steady state result, we find that phase noise in the incident field is low pass filtered by the cavity. Cavity length fluctuations are found to be high pass filtered in their transfer to the circulating field. These results are used to present a control loop model of the cavity-laser system. We verify the model experimentally with a Pound-Drever-Hall discriminator and apply it to a discussion of the stability of a frequency reference at 532 nm. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bienfang, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 761, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3208 EP 3214 DI 10.1063/1.1387251 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 455UV UT WOS:000170046900007 ER PT J AU McDougal, JN Jurgens-Whitehead, JL AF McDougal, JN Jurgens-Whitehead, JL TI Short-term dermal absorption and penetration of chemicals from aqueous solutions: Theory and experiment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE dermal penetration; dibromomethane; aqueous solutions; showering; bathing; mathematical models; permeability coefficient; risk assessment ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; CHLOROFORM; WATER; PREDICTION; MODEL AB Dermal penetration of organic chemical-contaminated water from showering and bathing scenarios is a concern of regulatory agencies that have been tasked with determining safe exposure levels. During household showering and bathing, nearly the entire surface area of the body is exposed for short periods of time (5-15 minutes). The primary means of predicting body burden during brief exposures is to estimate total chemical penetrated from the steady-state penetration rate using a skin permeability coefficient. A variety of approaches has been recommended to estimate "body burden." The purpose of this investigation was to collect experimental data from short-term exposures to an organic chemical (dibromomethane [DBM]) in aqueous solution so that methods for estimating body burden could be compared. Rat skins were exposed in vitro to saturated aqueous solutions of DBM for 20 minutes and the amount of chemical in the receptor solution and the skin was analyzed. The total DBM mass in the receptor solution and the skin was taken to represent an in vivo body burden. These results were compared with the estimates of penetration from steady-state calculations, square root of time calculations, and a biologically based mathematical model. Results indicated that the amount of chemical in the skin and its fate during short exposures is important. The square root of time approach predicted total amount of chemical absorbed and penetrated better than did the steady-state approach. The biologically based mathematical model accurately predicted total body burden and could be used to distinguish between the amount of chemical in the skin and the amount of chemical that penetrated through the skin, which would be useful for understanding local toxicity. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Geo Ctrs Inc, AFRL HEST, 2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.214145 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 490PJ UT WOS:000172060000011 PM 11726022 ER PT J AU Ross, M Southard, T AF Ross, M Southard, T TI Modifying quadriceps-strengthening exercises in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient athletes SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 23 IS 4 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 459GG UT WOS:000170242200013 ER PT J AU Geiss, KT Frazier, JM AF Geiss, KT Frazier, JM TI QSAR modeling of oxidative stress in vitro following hepatocyte exposures to halogenated methanes SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on IN Vitro Toxicology CY OCT 25-28, 2000 CL PUEBLO ACANTIILADO, SPAIN SP European Soc Toxicol In Vitro DE QSAR; volatiles; oxidative stress; halogenated aliphatics ID ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ACUTE TOXICITY; METABOLISM; DEHALOGENATION; CYTOTOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; ASSAY AB Volatile halogenated aliphatic compounds are among those chemicals that can cause oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Relationships can be identified between the potential of these chemicals to elicit certain biological responses and their specific chemical descriptors, such as molecular orbital energies (LUMO) or partition coefficients (logP). A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model has not been reported previously for the potential of a series of brominated and chlorinated methanes to induce oxidative stress in primary rat hepatocytes. By utilizing a novel in vitro methodology to expose cultures of rat primary hepatocytes to volatile chemicals, biological responses were assessed from exposures of hepatocytes to individual halogenated methanes. Indicators of lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity were measured. For the 10 brominated and chlorinated methanes tested, semi-empirical molecular orbital methods were used to calculate the physical/chemical descriptors used in the QSAR models. These models were used to explain the relative potential for a given halogenated methane to induce markers of oxidative stress or related damage in vitro. The results showed that certain descriptors, such as the molecular orbital energies, bond lengths, and lipophilicity are quantitatively correlated with induction of indicators for oxidative stress and cytotoxicity by halogenated methanes in primary rat hepatocytes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Geoctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD AUG-OCT PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4-5 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.1016/S0887-2333(01)00063-7 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 471NJ UT WOS:000170935200047 PM 11566591 ER PT J AU Motley, G Dalrymple, N Keesling, C Fischer, J Harmon, W AF Motley, G Dalrymple, N Keesling, C Fischer, J Harmon, W TI Hounsfield unit density in the determination of urinary stone composition SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CALCULI AB Objectives. Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) has emerged as the diagnostic study of choice in the evaluation of acute flank pain, Recent in vitro studies have suggested that NCCT can be used to predict the composition of urinary stones on the basis of differences in radiodensity (measured in Hounsfield units, HUs). We sought to determine whether the analysis of in vivo urinary stones seen on NCCT could predict their composition. Methods. Between March 1997 and August 1999, 100 pure stones from patients seen at the Wilford Hall Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas were submitted for analysis. All had been visualized by NCCT before stone passage or retrieval. A General Electric High-Speed Advantage CT scanner evaluated most of these patients by a "flank pain protocol" (ie, helical technique with breath-holding at 120 kV, 200 mA with 5 mm collimation). Each scan was interpreted by one of two staff radiologists who measured the HUs for each stone. A statistical comparison was made between the stone composition and radiodensity. To allow for subsequently observed increases in radiodensity with increasing stone size regardless of composition, the HU value was divided by each stone's largest transverse diameter in millimeters to give the HU density. A statistical comparison was then made between stone composition and HU density. Results. No significant difference was noted between the HU values of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones, and thus they were analyzed collectively as "calcium stones." When the HU values of calcium (n = 87), uric acid (n = 7), struvite (n = 4), and cystine (n = 2) stones were compared, the overlap of ranges precluded accurate identification, and the mean HU values were not significantly different from one another, There was less overlap noted when comparing the HU densities of the stones studied, and no noncalcium stone had an HU density greater than 76 HU/mm. Using one-way analysis of variance, significant differences were noted between the mean HU density of calcium (105 +/- 43) and uric acid (50 +/- 24) stones (P = 0.006). A trend toward significance was found between the mean HU density of the calcium and struvite stones (53 +/- 28, P = 0.073). No significant differences were found among the other stones. Conclusions. HU density compared with the HU value alone better characterized differences in radiodensities among urinary stones; calcium stones can be distinguished from uric acid stones on the basis of this value. However, neither the HU density nor the mean HU value was able to identify urinary stones in vivo. UROLOGY 58: 170-173, 2001. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Harmon, W (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU, Dept Urol, Suite 1,2200 Berquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 114 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD AUG PY 2001 VL 58 IS 2 BP 170 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01115-3 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 460GW UT WOS:000170300700011 PM 11489691 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Oh, K Lee, HB Kim, YG Jho, JY Kwak, SY Park, SY Farmer, BL AF Lee, JC Oh, K Lee, HB Kim, YG Jho, JY Kwak, SY Park, SY Farmer, BL TI Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of poly(oxyethylene) with [(6-heptylsulfonyl)hexylthio]methyl side groups SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; POLYESTERS; BEHAVIOR AB [(6-Heptylsulfonyl)hexylthio]methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) bearing a very polar sulfone group in the middle of the alkyl side chain was successfully synthesized by the reaction of poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene] and (6-heptylsulfonyl)hexyl thioacetate with sodium ethoxide in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The ordered phase of the polymer was studied using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and IR spectroscopy. The polymer was found to be liquid crystalline, although not having any conventional mesogenic group. It was suggested that the highly polar sulfone group in the side chain induces the self-assembly of the liquid crystal-line phase. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 22 IS 11 BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1002/1521-3927(20010701)22:11<815::AID-MARC815>3.3.CO;2-J PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 461KB UT WOS:000170362500002 ER PT J AU Pati, R Karna, SP AF Pati, R Karna, SP TI Ab initio Hartree-Fock study of electron transfer in organic molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPEREXCHANGE PATHWAY CALCULATION; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HEXADECYLQUINOLINIUM TRICYANOQUINODIMETHANIDE; ACCEPTOR SYSTEMS; COUPLING ELEMENT; ABINITIO; CUBANE; DONOR AB Electron transfer (ET) in sigma -bonded organic cage structures (bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, cubane, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane) has been studied with the help of ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations in the framework of a two-state model. The calculated values of the ET coupling matrix element V-AB exhibit strong dependence on the basis set employed. A minimal basis set underestimates the value of V-AB with respect to an extended (double-zeta and polarization) basis set. The ET shows correlation with the electronic and geometrical structure of the molecules studied. It is found that the more strained the chemical bonds in the cage structure are, the stronger is the coupling between the two states participating in ET. Furthermore, the ET matrix element V-AB is calculated to have its maximum value when the two end groups attached to the cage structures are coplanar, and its minimum value when two end pi groups are perpendicular to each other. However, for coplanar end-groups, minimal changes are noted in the value of V-AB with respect to the rotation of the sigma -bonded cage. The dependence of ET on the relative orientation of the planes of the end groups offers a mechanism for designing molecular switches. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pati, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, 1601 Cent Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 81 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1703 EP 1715 DI 10.1063/1.1381409 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451JY UT WOS:000169800000009 ER PT J AU Otugen, MV Ganguly, B AF Otugen, MV Ganguly, B TI Laser heterodyne method for high-resolution gas-density measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING AB A new method for noncontact, high-resolution measurement of gas density is described. The method uses a two-frequency Zeeman-split He-Ne laser and cumulative phase-measuring electronics. The measurement is resolved in two dimensions and provides density that is averaged only along the length of the laser beam that passes through the test section. The technique is based on highly accurate measurement of the optical path-length change of the laser beam as it passes through a test cell tin principle, to within 0.001 lambda, where lambda is the wavelength of the laser). The technique also provides a very large dynamic range (again, in principle, up to 10(10)), which makes the method additionally attractive. Although the optical path length through the test section is directly related to the index of refraction, and hence to the density of the gas, the method can also be used to measure temperature (if the gas pressure is known) or pressure (if the temperature is known). (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Polytech Univ, Metrotech Ctr 6, Dept Mech Aerosp & Mfg Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Otugen, MV (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Metrotech Ctr 6, Dept Mech Aerosp & Mfg Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM votugen@poly.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 21 BP 3502 EP 3505 DI 10.1364/AO.40.003502 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 453TG UT WOS:000169932100009 PM 18360375 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Ling, AG AF Cliver, EW Ling, AG TI Coronal mass ejections, open magnetic flux, and cosmic-ray modulation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sunspots ID SOLAR-CYCLE MODULATION; VOYAGER-2 OBSERVATIONS; FIELD; INTERPLANETARY; HELIOSPHERE; WIND; DECREASES; RADIATION; EVOLUTION; STREAMS AB Recent work indicates that the open magnetic flux from coronal holes may be a more important driver of cosmic-ray modulation than coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which originate from closed-field regions on the Sun. As evidence against this point of view, we find that the correlation coefficient (r) between the solar open flux from coronal holes and the Climax cosmic-ray intensity for the period 1967-2000 is only -0.37. We show that, for similar values of the total open flux from the Sun near solar maximum and minimum, the cosmic-ray intensity is much lower at maximum. Thus, something in addition to the open magnetic flux from coronal holes is acting to block incoming cosmic rays at solar maximum. Because they drive shocks and contain enhanced magnetic fields, CMEs are the leading candidate to play such a role. Over the 1967-2000 interval, the cosmic-ray intensity is highly anticorrelated (r = -0.80) with the sunspot number, a measure of closed fields on the Sun. For the 1979-1989 interval covered by the Solwind and SMM coronagraphs, the correlation coefficient between the CME rate and the cosmic-ray intensity is -0.61. For cycle 21, an analysis of solar wind data shows that CMEs and related shock flows accounted for similar to 40% (2.9/7.0 nT) of the average interplanetary magnetic field strength at 1 AU at solar maximum, versus 10% (0.5/5.0 nT) at solar minimum. If we break the open flux into that originating from low-latitude (less than or equal to 45 degrees) and high-latitude (>45 degrees) coronal holes on the Sun for this 34 yr interval, we find that the low-latitude flux is highly anticorrelated with cosmic-ray intensity (r = -0.76), while the open flux from high latitudes and the Climax count rate are directly correlated (r= -0.53). We suggest that the anticorrelation between low-latitude open flux and the cosmic-ray intensity occurs because CMEs open new flux to the interplanetary medium. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 1 BP 432 EP 437 DI 10.1086/321570 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 460PN UT WOS:000170317900038 ER PT J AU Klein, RW Temple, MA Raines, RA Claypoole, RL AF Klein, RW Temple, MA Raines, RA Claypoole, RL TI Interference avoidance communications using wavelet domain transformation techniques SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A wavelet domain communication system architecture is shown, capable of providing acceptable communication performance while 'avoiding' spectral regions containing interference. Demonstrated bit error rate improvement averaged 5.7 and 12.4dB using orthogonal and antipodal data modulation, respectively, over a range of interference energy-to-signal energy (LE) ratios of 0 to 16dB. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Klein, RW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 15 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1049/el:20010661 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 460PM UT WOS:000170317700040 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Ganguly, B DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, CQ Ganguly, B DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A TI Comparisons of electron impact ionization and ion chemistries of CF3Br and CF3I SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ionization; dissociative; ion chemistry ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXCITATION; HALOCARBONS; SILANE AB Comparisons of the electron impact ionization and of the ion-molecule reactions for CF3Br and CF3I are made from a study of the two compounds using Fourier-transform mass spectrometry. The ionization of the compounds over the energy range from threshold to 70 eV produces primarily the molecular ion and 6 fragment ions, with the dominant ion from CF3Br being CF3+ and, from CF3I, CF3I+. The total cross sections at 70 eV are 8.3 +/- 0.8 and 9.0 +/- 0.9 x 10(-16) cm(2) for CF3Br and CF3I, respectively. These results appear to be the first for the molecules. The ion-molecule reactions in the two compounds are similar, with CF+ and X+ (X = Br or I) being the most reactive ions (k similar to (8 -13) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1)). Ar+ reactions with the two compounds are also studied. Results of our study on the ion kinetics are compared with those from previous studies by other groups. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mobium Enterprises Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 18 PY 2001 VL 208 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00389-X PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 456UK UT WOS:000170100500014 ER PT J AU Wen, YH Chen, LQ Hazzledine, PM Wang, Y AF Wen, YH Chen, LQ Hazzledine, PM Wang, Y TI A three-dimensional phase-field model for computer simulation of lamellar structure formation in gamma TiAl intermetallic alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE lamellar structure; computer simulation; alloys; intermetallic; phase transformations ID SHAPE MEMORY MECHANISM; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ORTHORHOMBIC TRANSFORMATION; SELF-ACCOMMODATION; EPSILON-MARTENSITE; TI3AL; AL AB A three dimensional phase-field model of alpha (2)--> alpha (2) + y transformation is developed to simulate the formation of coherent multi-domain lamellar structures in gamma YiAl intermetallic alloys. The modal takes into account the effect of coherency strain associated with the lattice rearrangement accompanying the phase transformation. and the anisotropy in interfacial energy. Simulation studies based on the model successfully predicted the essential features associated with the multi-domain lamellar structures observed experimentally. It is shown that the coherency strain accommodation is the dominating factor responsible for the formation of the lamellar structure. The neighboring lamellae of gamma phase are found to have either a twin or a pseudo-twin relationship, with the former being dominant. It is found that strain-induced correlated nucleation plays an important role in the formation of the twined lamellae. The lamellar thickness is determined by the interplay among the elastic strain energy, interfacial energy and bulk chemical free energy. Domains within individual lamellae are isotropic and domain boundaries are smoothly curved. No special self-accommodating morphological patterns are observed on the (0001)(alpha2) plane, which is very different from the pattern formation predicted for the coherent hexagonal --> O-phase transformations. (C) 2001 Acm Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. MLLM, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wen, YH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 17 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2341 EP 2353 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00014-3 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 451PY UT WOS:000169811500022 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Moeller, C Dente, GC Chavez, J Tilton, ML Gianardi, D AF Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Moeller, C Dente, GC Chavez, J Tilton, ML Gianardi, D TI Optically pumped integrated absorber 3.4 mu m laser with InAs-to-InGaAsSb type-II transition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID W LASERS AB We report optically pumped lasing at lambda similar to3.4 mum from an integrated absorber structure in which the electrons confined in the InAs quantum wells recombine with holes in adjacent InGaAsSb layers to provide the gain. This type-II laser exhibits an estimated photon-to-photon conversion rate of similar to 24% at 85 K. The self-consistent empirical pseudopotential method calculations suggest that Coulomb attraction can lead to a strong enhancement in carrier overlap, and the resulting small shift in transition energy is consistent with that observed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Syst Branch,AFRL DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Syst Branch,AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM kaspi@chtm.unm.edu NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 302 EP 304 DI 10.1063/1.1385581 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 451AA UT WOS:000169776000008 ER PT J AU Koltunski, L Devine, RAB AF Koltunski, L Devine, RAB TI Infrared properties of room-temperature-deposited ZrO2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; SILICON AB ZrO2 films have been deposited at room temperature using Zr(OC4H9)(4) and O-2 source gases in a low-pressure electron-cyclotron-resonance-excited plasma reactor. The deposited films were, in general, mixed (amorphous and polycrystalline; monoclinic or tetragonal), the crystallinity depending upon the substrate polarization during deposition and the postdeposition annealing. Infrared vibrational modes of the films have been characterized. In as-deposited films, the dielectric constants were similar to 12-18, dependent upon sample bias during deposition, and the refractive indices were similar to1.85-1.92. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Koltunski, L (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 320 EP 322 DI 10.1063/1.1384476 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 451AA UT WOS:000169776000014 ER PT J AU Jogai, B AF Jogai, B TI Three-dimensional strain field calculations in multiple InN/AlN wurtzite quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LIGHT EMISSION; GAN; POLARIZATION; DIODES; GROWTH AB A detailed calculation of the three-dimensional elastic strain field and Gibbs free energy in and around InN/AlN wurtzite quantum dots is presented. The strain tensor is calculated by minimizing the Helmholtz free energy on a three-dimensional grid. The boundary conditions for a free surface are rigorously implemented to enable the strain field and Gibbs free energy at the surface to be modeled realistically. This has implications for the growth of additional layers of dots above a seed layer and can serve as an arbiter for determining possible nucleation sites. Results are presented for a single dot as well as coupled dots. The Gibbs free energy is seen to exhibit strong minima directly above a layer of seed dots, facilitating vertical ordering. Under certain conditions, satellite minima can also occur. Using the calculated strain field, the piezoelectric polarization field is also calculated. Because of the strong lattice mismatch, the strain field is quite large, particularly near the base and apex of the dots. This, in turn, leads to piezoelectric charges with magnitudes as high as 10(14) cm(-2) in regions of high strain. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brahmanand.jogai@sn.wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 2 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1063/1.1379561 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZN UT WOS:000169660000022 ER PT J AU Lim, SG Jackson, TN Mitchel, WC Bertke, R Freeouf, JL AF Lim, SG Jackson, TN Mitchel, WC Bertke, R Freeouf, JL TI Optical characterization of 4H-SiC by far ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; 6H-SIC(0001); PERFORMANCE; FACES AB We have developed a far UV spectroscopic ellipsometer system working up to 9 eV, and applied it to the characterization of three 4H-SiC samples with different surface conditions [i.e., as-received and chemical mechanical processing (CMP) processed 4H-SiC bulk substrates and a 4H-SiC epi sample]. Pseudodielectric functions epsilon (1) and epsilon (2) clearly demonstrate the excellent surface sensitivity of the far UV ellipsometry system as it distinguishes the improvements provided by CMP process. Simulation results of ellipsometer data indicate the existence of a damaged subsurface layer in the as-received 4H-SiC bulk substrate. The investigation of sample surfaces using atomic force microscopy confirms the results of ellipsometry measurements. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Thin Film Devices, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Elect Mat & Proc Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Interface Studies Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Lim, SG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Thin Film Devices, 121 EE E, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Jackson, Thomas/A-4224-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.1063/1.1384895 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZJ UT WOS:000169659600007 ER PT J AU Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V Tham, FS Sheehy, JA Christe, KO AF Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V Tham, FS Sheehy, JA Christe, KO TI Polynitrogen chemistry. Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of surprisingly stable fluoroantimonate salts of N-5(+) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CATION; ION AB The new N-5(+) salt, N5+SbF6-, was prepared from N2F+SbF6- and HN3 in anhydrous HF solution. The white solid is surprisingly stable, decomposing only at 70 degreesC, and is relatively insensitive to impact. Its vibrational spectrum exhibits all nine fundamentals with frequencies that are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations for a five-atomic V-shaped ion of C-2v. symmetry, The N5+Sb2F11- salt was also prepared, and its crystal structure was determined. The geometry previously predicted for free gaseous N-5(+) from theoretical calculations was confirmed within experimental error. The Sb2F11- anions exhibit an unusual geometry with eclipsed SbF4 groups due to interionic bridging with the N-5(+) cations. The N-5(+) cation is a powerful one-electron oxidizer. It readily oxidizes NO, NO2, and Br-2 but fails to oxidize Cl-2, Xe, or O-2. C1 USAF, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Res Lab, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), USAF, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Res Lab, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 31 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 4 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 26 BP 6308 EP 6313 DI 10.1021/ja010141g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 447QP UT WOS:000169584200013 PM 11427055 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Zhang, XZ Sheehy, JA Bau, R AF Christe, KO Zhang, XZ Sheehy, JA Bau, R TI Crystal structure of ClF4+SbF6-, normal coordinate analyses of ClF4+, BrF4+, IF4+, SF4, SeF4, and TeF4, and simple method for calculating the effects of fluorine bridging on the structure and vibrational spectra of ions in a strongly interacting ionic solid SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; SELENIUM TETRAFLUORIDE; ELECTRON CORRELATION; DIPOLE MOMENT; FORCE-FIELD; DENSITY; CATION; PENTAFLUORIDE; ASSIGNMENT AB The crystal structure of the 1:1 adduct ClF5. SbF5 was determined and contains discrete ClF4+ and SbF6- ions. The ClF4+ cation has a pseudotrigonal bipyramidal structure with two longer and more ionic axial bonds and two shorter and more covalent equatorial bonds. The third equatorial position is occupied by a sterically active free valence electron pair of chlorine. The coordination about the chlorine atom is completed by two longer fluorine contacts in the equatorial plane, resulting in the formation of infinite zigzag chains of alternating ClF4+ and cis-fluorine bridged SbF6- ions. Electronic structure calculations were carried out for the isoelectronic series ClF4+, BrF4+, IF4+ and SF4, SeF4, TeF4 at the B3LYP, MP2, and CCSD(T) levels of theory and used to revise the previous vibrational assignments and force fields. The discrepancies between the vibrational spectra observed for ClF4+ in ClF4+SbF6- and those calculated for free ClF4+ are largely due to the fluorine bridging that compresses the equatorial F-Cl-F bond angle and increases. the barrier toward equatorial-axial fluorine exchange by the Berry mechanism. A computationally simple model, involving ClF4+ and two fluorine-bridged HF molecules at a fixed distance as additional equatorial ligands, was used to simulate the bridging in the infinite chain structure and greatly improved the fit between observed and calculated spectra. C1 USAF, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Res Lab, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), USAF, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Res Lab, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 73 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 EI 1520-5126 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 4 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 26 BP 6338 EP 6348 DI 10.1021/ja003347a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 447QP UT WOS:000169584200016 PM 11427058 ER PT J AU Hussain, SM Frazier, JM AF Hussain, SM Frazier, JM TI In vitro toxicity assessment of a new series of high energy compounds SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OHIO SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE high energy chemicals; hydrazine; oxidative stress; glutathione; reactive oxygen species ID ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICALS; HYDRAZINE; MEGAMITOCHONDRIA; GLUTATHIONE; HEPATOTOXICITY; ANTIOXIDANTS; HYDRALAZINE; METABOLISM AB Hydrazine is an aircraft fuel and propellant used by the US Air Force. Due to its toxicity the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/PR) has investigated alternative chemicals to replace hydrazine. AFRL/PR has synthesized a series of high energy chemicals (HECs), primarily hydrazine derivatives and amino containing compounds such as hydrazinium nitrate (HZN), 2-hydroxyethyl-hydrazine nitrate (HEHN), diethyl hydrazine nitrate (DEHN), ethanolamine nitrate (EAN), histamine dinitrate (HDN) and methoxylamine nitrate (MAN) to study as alternative chemical candidates. Although HECs are reliable constituents of powered propellant systems, they constitute an important class of toxic agents to which military and civilian personnel can be exposed. The current study was undertaken to examine the toxicity of HECs in primary hepatocytes in vitro. The effects of short-term exposure (4 h) of hepatocytes to HECs were investigated with reference to viability, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers. The results showed a decrease in mitochondrial activity, increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased dose dependently in HZN, MAN and HDN exposed cells. However, there was no induction of ROS generation in EAN, DEHN and HEHN exposed cells. Depletion of GSH in hepatocytes by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) prior to exposure to HZN increased its toxicity. The results suggest that at least one mechanism of HEC toxicity is mediated through oxidative stress. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00737-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200014 PM 11453292 ER PT J AU Carvan, MJ Sonntag, DM Cmar, CB Cook, RS Curran, MA Miller, GL AF Carvan, MJ Sonntag, DM Cmar, CB Cook, RS Curran, MA Miller, GL TI Oxidative stress in zebrafish cells: potential utility of transgenic zebrafish as a deployable sentinel for site hazard ranking SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OHIO SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE zebrafish; oxidative stress; electrophile response element; sentinel animal ID GENE-EXPRESSION; RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; LIVING MAMMALS; SUBUNIT GENE; INDUCTION; FISH; CULTURES; ENZYMES; DIOXIN AB In order to quickly assess potential environmental hazards of forwardly deployed military bases, we have focussed our efforts on biochemical and molecular changes in vertebrate cells following exposure to aqueous soil extracts. To this end, we are designing a series of deployable transgenic fish. Fish exhibit many of the same general defenses against toxic chemicals as do mammals, including enzyme induction, and the generation of oxidative stress. In response to many foreign compounds that generate oxidative stress, the transcription of certain protective genes is induced via specific DNA motifs called electrophile response elements (EPREs). We have made a plasmid construct containing a single murine EPRE fused to a minimal promoter and the cDNA encoding firefly luciferase (EPRE LUG). In this paper, we have shown that the treatment of zebrafish cell line ZEM2S with a variety of chemicals known to induce EPRE-dependent transcription in cultured mammalian cells, results in dose-dependent induction of the transiently-transfected EPRE-LUC reporter construct. Compounds tested include aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and organophosphates. We observed similar dose-dependent responses when we treated ZEM2S and human cells in vitro with identical aqueous extracts of soil from hazardous waste sites. This suggests that the mechanism by which these compounds activate transcription is well conserved between mammals and zebrafish, and that transgenic zebrafish lines containing EPRE-driven reporter constructs might be useful as sentinels for the early detection of oxidative stress-inducing chemicals. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Water Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. Univ Wisconsin, NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol Branch,HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Carvan, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Water Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES04184, R01 ES07058, P30 ES06096] NR 30 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00742-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200017 PM 11453295 ER PT J AU Geiss, KT Frazier, JM AF Geiss, KT Frazier, JM TI In vitro toxicities of experimental jet fuel system ice-inhibiting agents SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OHIO SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE in vitro; hepatocyte; ice inhibitors; jet fuel ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; ICING INHIBITORS; ANTIMUSCARINIC ACTIVITY; RATS; 2-METHOXYETHANOL; EXPOSURE; CULTURE AB One research emphasis within the Department of Defense has been to seek the replacement of operational compounds with alternatives that pose less potential risk to human and ecological systems. Alternatives to glycol ethers, such as diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (M-DE), were investigated for use as jet fuel system ice-inhibiting agents (FSIIs). This group of chemicals includes three derivatives of 1,3-dioxorane-4-methanol (M-l, M-2, and M-3) and a Id-dioxane (M-27). In addition, M-DE was evaluated as a reference compound. Our approach was to implement an in vitro test battery based on primary rat hepatocyte cultures to perform initial toxicity evaluations. Hepatocytes were exposed to experimental chemicals (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, IO mM dosages) for periods up to 24 h. Samples were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MTT dye reduction activity, glutathione level, and rate of protein synthesis as indicators of toxicity. Of the compounds tested, M-l, especially at the 10-mM dose. appeared to be more potent than the other chemicals, as measured by these toxicity assays. M-DE, the current FSII, elicited little response in the toxicity assays. Although some variations in toxicity were observed at the 10-mM dose, the in vitro toxicities of the chemicals tested (except for M-l) were not considerably greater than that of M-DE. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Geo Ctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00738-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200019 PM 11453297 ER PT J AU Reamy, BV Slakey, JB AF Reamy, BV Slakey, JB TI Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Review and current concepts SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID NATURAL-HISTORY AB Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is present in 2 to 4 percent of children between 10 and 16 years of age. It is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degrees accompanied by vertebral rotation. It is thought to be a multigene dominant condition with variable phenotypic expression. Scoliosis can be identified by the Adam's forward bend test during physical examination. Severe pain, a left thoracic curve or an abnormal neurologic examination are red flags that point to a secondary cause for spinal deformity. Specialty consultation and magnetic resonance imaging are needed if red flags are present. Of adolescents diagnosed with scoliosis. only 10 percent have curves that progress and require medical intervention. The main risk factors for curve progression are a large curve magnitude, skeletal immaturity and female gender. The likelihood of curve progression can be estimated by measuring the curve magnitude using the Cobb method on radiographs and by assessing skeletal growth potential using Tanner staging and Risser grading. C1 Malcom Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Reamy, BV (reprint author), 89th Med Operat Squadron, 1075 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 21 TC 114 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 451CX UT WOS:000169784500007 PM 11456428 ER PT J AU Steele, AC Walsh, P Bentley, M Neff, J Karram, M AF Steele, AC Walsh, P Bentley, M Neff, J Karram, M TI A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effects of the 5-hydroxytriptamine(4) agonist cisapride on the female urinary bladder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the American-Urogynecologic-Society CY OCT 26-28, 2000 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Amer Urogynecol Soc DE cisapride; voiding dysfunction; bladder AB OBJECTIVE: Anecdotal reports have proposed the use of the 5-hydroxytriptamine(4) agonist cisapride as a treatment for female voiding dysfunction on the basis of the known prokinetic actions of the medication, The purpose of our study is to assess the effects of this agent on the normal bladder in vivo. STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, patients were randomized to receive either 20 mg cisapride or an identical placebo. They then underwent urodynamic evaluation that included uroflowmetry, multichannel filling cystometry, pressure-flow studies, and a urethral pressure profile. After a washout period of at least 7 days, subjects were then crossed over to the other arm and the tests were repeated. RESULTS: Twenty women without significant urinary incontinence agreed to participate. There was a decrease in the maximum cystometric capacity from 556 mL for placebo to 496 mL for cisapride (P < .001). There was no difference in the detrusor pressure at maximum flow, the maximum detrusor pressure, the flow rate, or the percentage of maximum cystometric capacity voided. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy women, cisapride caused a significant decrease in the maximum cystometric capacity, which could account for the higher reported rates of urinary frequency and urgency with this medicine. There was no evidence that this prokinetic agent improved voiding function. C1 Good Samaritan Hosp, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, Cincinnati, OH USA. Good Samaritan Hosp, Dept Pharmacol, Cincinnati, OH USA. USAF, Med Ctr, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Steele, AC (reprint author), Good Samaritan Hosp, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 185 IS 1 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.116367 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 458WP UT WOS:000170218700013 PM 11483905 ER PT J AU Fausett, MB Vogtlander, M Lee, RM Esplin, MS Branch, DW Rodgers, GM Silver, RM AF Fausett, MB Vogtlander, M Lee, RM Esplin, MS Branch, DW Rodgers, GM Silver, RM TI Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is rare in pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heparin; pregnancy; thrombocytopenia; low-molecular-weight heparin; heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN; THROMBOSIS; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; ANTICOAGULANT; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: The indications for heparin use during pregnancy are expanding; however, heparin is associated with serious adverse effects including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Low-molecular-weight heparin is expensive but is associated with less frequent occurrences of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the nonpregnant population. However, the incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during pregnancy is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in pregnant and nonpregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort comparison. Pregnant and nonpregnant women were identified by means of diagnosis related group and Current Procedural Terminology code searches at three medical centers in Utah; the incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the two groups was compared. RESULTS: There were 10 (4%) cases of thrombocytopenia among 244 heparin-treated pregnant patients and 26 (11%) cases among the 244 nonpregnant controls. There were no cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the pregnant group, but there were 10 (4%) cases in the control group (P = .0014). CONCLUSION: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is extremely rare in pregnant women. C1 Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Fausett, MB (reprint author), 301 Fisher St,Room 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 185 IS 1 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.114690 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 458WP UT WOS:000170218700027 PM 11483919 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Ketchum, NS Longnecker, MP AF Michalek, JE Ketchum, NS Longnecker, MP TI Serum dioxin and hepatic abnormalities in veterans of operation ranch hand SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agent orange; dioxin; hepatic abnormality ID TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HEALTH-STATUS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; TCDD; EXPOSURE; RATS; EXCRETION; DIRECTION; CAUSALITY AB PURPOSE: We studied hepatic abnormalities and indices of hepatic function in relation to exposure to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. METHODS: The prevalence of ever having liver disease through March 1993, and level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma -glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were examined according to serum dioxin levels. RESULTS: We found an increased risk of "other liver disorders" among veterans with the highest dioxin levels [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 2.1], due primarily to increased transaminases or LDH (adjusted OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.1) and to other nonspecific liver abnormalities (adjusted OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Whether the associations observed were causal is unclear from these data. Ann Epidemiol 2001;11:304-311. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), AFRL HEDB, 2606 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 11 IS 5 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00218-0 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 438CQ UT WOS:000169036500005 PM 11399444 ER PT J AU Feig, JA Cina, SJ AF Feig, JA Cina, SJ TI Evaluation of characteristics associated with acute splenitis (septic spleen) as markers of systemic infection SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Context.-Acute splenitis, also known as acute splenic tumor or septic spleen, is loosely defined as a neutrophilic infiltrate and congestion within the red pulp accompanied by splenomegaly. Standard pathology texts state that the histologic finding of acute splenitis is reflective of septic states. However, this association has seldom been tested in the medical literature. Objective.-The purpose of this study was to determine if sepsis can be predicted by the presence of quantitative characteristics used to identify acute splenitis. Methods.-The postmortem splenic tissue of 20 clinically diagnosed cases of sepsis and 20 noninfectious control cases were retrospectively examined in a blinded fashion for amount of neutrophilic infiltration, weight (obtained from autopsy report), and presence of congestion. Results.-No significant correlation could be found between the parameters of neutrophilic infiltrate or splenic weight and clinically diagnosed septicemia. The presence of splenic congestion was unexpectedly found to be more likely with noninfectious causes of death. Conclusion.-Acute splenitis is presently ill defined, and no available evidence convincingly shows that its presence suggests a septic state. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Feig, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 125 IS 7 BP 888 EP 891 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 450ML UT WOS:000169747400006 PM 11419972 ER PT J AU Spottswood, SM Palazotto, AN AF Spottswood, SM Palazotto, AN TI Progressive failure analysis of a composite shell SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE progressive failure; third-order shell kinematics; composite shell ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; PLATES; BEAMS; MODEL AB The objective of this research is to determine the physical response including material failure of a thin, curved composite panel designed to resist transverse loading. The cause of the material failure, in the form of fiber, matrix and/or delamination failure, will be determined through failure criterion based on nonlinear movement using a finite element analysis technique. The finite element analysis technique known as the simplified large displacement/rotation (SLR) theory allows for large displacements but assumes small to moderate rotations (A.N. Palazotto, S.T. Dennis, Nonlinear Analysis of Shell Structures, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Washington, DC, 1992). Third-order shell kinematics, defined relative to the shell mid-surface, allow for the characterization of in-plane and transverse shear effects, while neglecting the direct transverse effects. Data generated using the SLR theory both with and without the addition of progressive failure criteria, will be compared with previously published experimental data, noting where the SLR theory diverges from the experimental results. The inclusion of the Hashin failure criterion will provide a more realistic representation of the total physical response of the shell (Z. Hashin, J. Appl. Mech. 47 (1980) 329-334). The criterion will investigate the shell, from initial loading, to further progressive composite failures. As the composite shell fails, the constitutive relations, or shell stiffness will be reduced. Results of the analytic comparison with the experimental data indicate that the SLR theory overpredicts the stiffness of the shell whether considering or not considering failure criteria. Results generated for the case incorporating a progressive failure criterion are closer to the experimental data because of the reduced stiffness due to failure as the deflection increases. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Anthony.Palazotto@afit.af.mil NR 29 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 53 IS 1 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00183-5 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 441UJ UT WOS:000169247700010 ER PT J AU Young, J Wilde, JL Sartori, CR Elston, DM AF Young, J Wilde, JL Sartori, CR Elston, DM TI Solitary nodule of the great toe SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID SUBUNGUAL EXOSTOSIS AB We describe a 21-year-old woman with a subungual exostosis exhibiting both skin and nail findings. The patient presented with a firm, flesh-colored, nontender, subungual nodule in the distal nail bed of the great toe. Radiographic examination revealed focal calcification of the nodule, with direct communication to,the underlying phalanx. Subungual exostosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any digital mass. Surgical excision, followed by curettage of the base, is the treatment of choice. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE DD, Fort Sam Houston, TX USA. Irwin Army Community Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Ft Riley, KS USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 EI 2326-6929 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2001 VL 68 IS 1 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 454XY UT WOS:000169998100012 ER PT J AU Pierard, C Beaumont, M Enslen, M Chauffard, F Tan, DX Reiter, RJ Fontan, A French, J Coste, O Lagarde, D AF Pierard, C Beaumont, M Enslen, M Chauffard, F Tan, DX Reiter, RJ Fontan, A French, J Coste, O Lagarde, D TI Resynchronization of hormonal rhythms after an eastbound flight in humans: effects of slow-release caffeine and melatonin SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE jet lag; resynchronization; hormone rhythms; slow-release caffeine; melatonin ID JET-LAG; PHASE-SHIFTS; PLASMA; EFFICACY; SLEEP; WORK AB The aim of this work was to investigate the potential chronobiotic properties of slow-release caffeine, in comparison with melatonin, on resynchronization of endogenous melatonin and cortisol secretions after an eastbound flight by jet incurring a time loss of 7 h. A group of 27 reservists of the US Air Force received either slow-release caffeine (300 mg), melatonin (5 mg) or placebo before, during and/or after the transmeridian flight. Saliva and urine were sampled before the flight in the United States (from day -2 to day 0) and after the flight in France (from day I to day 10). Saliva was collected once a day,on waking to determine saliva melatonin and cortisol concentrations. In addition, concentrations of caffeine in saliva were determined three times a day and of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in urine collected overnight to check that the treatment regimes had been complied with. From day 3 to day 5, post-flight saliva melatonin concentrations were significantly different from control values in the placebo group only. During treatment with melatonin, the mean urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentration in the melatonin group was more than twice as high as in the two other groups. In the slow-release caffeine group and the melatonin group, mean saliva cortisol concentrations were significantly lower than control from day 2 to day 5, whereas the placebo group had a mean saliva cortisol concentration significantly lower than the control value from day 2 to day 9. In conclusion, these results indicate that administration of slow-release caffeine, as well as of melatonin, allows a faster resynchronization of hormone rhythms during the 4 days following an eastbound flight incurring the loss of 7 h. C1 Inst Med Aerospatiale, Serv Sante Armees, Dept Physiol, F-91223 Bretigny Sur Orge, France. Nestec SA, Ctr Rech Nestle, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Pierard, C (reprint author), Inst Med Aerospatiale, Serv Sante Armees, Dept Physiol, BP 73, F-91223 Bretigny Sur Orge, France. RI tan, dun-xian/E-3610-2010 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s004210100418 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 457DR UT WOS:000170122300021 PM 11513308 ER PT J AU Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, V AF Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, V TI A shear stress-based parameter for fretting fatigue crack initiation SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE crack initiation; critical plane approaches; fretting fatigue; life prediction; titanium alloy ID MECHANICS AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the fretting fatigue crack initiation behaviour of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. Fretting contact conditions were varied by using different geometries of the fretting pad. Applied forces were also varied to obtain fretting fatigue crack initiation lives in both the low- and high-cycle fatigue regimes. Fretting fatigue specimens were examined to determine the crack location and the crack angle orientation along the contact surface. Salient features of fretting fatigue experiments were modelled and analysed with finite element analysis. Computed results of the finite element analyses were used to formulate a shear stress-based parameter to predict the fretting fatigue crack initiation life, location and orientation. Comparison of the analytical and experimental results showed that fretting fatigue crack initiation was governed by the maximum shear stress, and therefore a parameter involving the maximum shear stress range on the critical plane with the correction factor for the local mean stress or stress ratio effect was found to be effective in characterizing the fretting fatigue crack initiation behaviour in titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. C1 USAF, Aero Prop & Rockets Directorate, AFRL PRTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, AFIT ENY, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 24 IS 7 BP 461 EP 473 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00412.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 469CR UT WOS:000170796400003 ER PT J AU Richardson, IG Cliver, EW Cane, HV AF Richardson, IG Cliver, EW Cane, HV TI Sources of geomagnetic storms for solar minimum and maximum conditions during 1972-2000 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; CYCLE; WIND AB We determine the solar wind structures (coronal mass ejection (CME) - related, corotating high-speed streams, and slow solar wind) driving geomagnetic storms of various strength over nearly three solar cycles (1972-2000). The most intense storms (defined by Kp) at both solar minimum and solar maximum are almost all (similar to 97%) generated by transient structures associated with CMEs. Weaker storms are preferentially associated with streams at solar minimum and with CMEs at solar maximum, reflecting the change in the structure of the solar wind between these phases of the solar cycle. Slow solar wind generates a small fraction of the weaker storms at solar minimum and maximum. We also determine the size distributions of Kp for each solar wind component. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 14 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 13 BP 2569 EP 2572 DI 10.1029/2001GL013052 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 446BU UT WOS:000169493700022 ER PT J AU Orville, RE Huffines, G Nielsen-Gammon, J Zhang, RY Ely, B Steiger, S Phillips, S Allen, S Read, W AF Orville, RE Huffines, G Nielsen-Gammon, J Zhang, RY Ely, B Steiger, S Phillips, S Allen, S Read, W TI Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over Houston, Texas SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID URBAN AREAS; SIMULATION AB Cloud-to-ground lightning flash data have been analyzed for the twelve-year period 1989-2000, for a geographical area centered on Houston, Texas. Of the 1.6 million cloud-to-ground flashes in this area of study, approximately 752,000 flashes occurred in the summer months of June, July, and August, and 119,000 flashes in the months of December, January, and February. The highest flash densities, greater than 4 nashes km(-2) in the summer and 0.7 flashes/km(-2) in the winter, are near the urban areas of Houston. We suggest that the elevated flash densities could result from several factors, including, 1) the convergence due to the urban heat island effect, and 2) the increasing levels of air pollution from anthropogenic sources producing numerous small droplets and thereby suppressing mean droplet size. The latter effect would enable more cloud water to reach the mixed phase region where it is involved in the formation of precipitation and the separation of electric charge, leading to an enhancement of lightning. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH USA. RP Orville, RE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012 OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169 NR 22 TC 128 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 13 BP 2597 EP 2600 DI 10.1029/2001GL012990 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 446BU UT WOS:000169493700029 ER PT J AU Wallace, MB Durkalski, VL Vaughan, J Palesch, YY Libby, ED Jewell, PS Nickl, NJ Schutz, SM Leung, JW Cotton, PB AF Wallace, MB Durkalski, VL Vaughan, J Palesch, YY Libby, ED Jewell, PS Nickl, NJ Schutz, SM Leung, JW Cotton, PB TI Age and alarm symptoms do not predict endoscopic findings among patients with dyspepsia: a multicentre database study SO GUT LA English DT Article DE dyspepsia; endoscopy; age ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; UNCOMPLICATED DYSPEPSIA; DISCRIMINANT VALUE; MANAGEMENT; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; SUBGROUPS; THERAPY; IMPACT; TRIAL AB Introduction-Symptoms of dyspepsia are common but most patients do not have major upper gastrointestinal pathology. Endoscopy is recommended for dyspeptic patients over the age of 45, or those with certain "alarm" symptoms. We have evaluated the effectiveness of age and "alarm" symptoms for predicting major endoscopic findings in six practising endoscopy centres. Methods-Clinical variables of consecutive patients with dyspepsia symptoms undergoing upper endoscopy examinations were recorded using a common endoscopy database. Patients who had no previous upper endoscopy or barium radiography were included. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of endoscopic findings. The accuracy of these for predicting endoscopic findings was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of age thresholds from 30 to 70 years were evaluated. Results-Major pathology (tumour, ulcer, or stricture) was found at endoscopy in 787/3815 (21%) patients with dyspepsia. Age, male sex, bleeding, and anaemia were found to be significant but weak independent predictors of endoscopic findings. A multivariate prediction rule based on these factors had poor predictive accuracy (c statistic=0.62). Using a simplified prediction rule of age greater than or equal to 45 years or the presence of any "alarm" symptom, sensitivity was 87% and specificity was 26%. Increasing or decreasing the age cut off did not significantly improve the predictive accuracy. Conclusions-Age and the presence of "alarm" symptoms are not effective predictors of endoscopic findings among patients with dyspepsia. Better clinical prediction strategies are needed to identify patients with significant upper gastrointestinal pathology. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Digest Dis, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Durham Vet Adm Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wallace, MB (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Digest Dis, 96 Jonathan Lucas St,210 Clin Sci Bldg,POB 250327, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD JUL PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1136/gut.49.1.29 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 449EF UT WOS:000169670800010 PM 11413107 ER PT J AU Lia-Baldini, AS Muller, F Taillandier, A Gibrat, JF Mouchard, M Robin, B Simon-Bouy, B Serre, JL Aylsworth, AS Bieth, E Delanote, S Freisinger, P Hu, JCC Krohn, HP Nunes, ME Mornet, E AF Lia-Baldini, AS Muller, F Taillandier, A Gibrat, JF Mouchard, M Robin, B Simon-Bouy, B Serre, JL Aylsworth, AS Bieth, E Delanote, S Freisinger, P Hu, JCC Krohn, HP Nunes, ME Mornet, E TI A molecular approach to dominance in hypophosphatasia SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NONSPECIFIC ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; INFANTILE HYPOPHOSPHATASIA; ADULT HYPOPHOSPHATASIA; MISSENSE MUTATIONS; GENE; PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; FAMILY; FORMS; MILD AB Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization and a deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. The disease is highly variable in its clinical expression, because of various mutations in the TNSALP gene. In approximately 14% of the patients tested in our laboratory, only one TNSALP gene mutation was found, despite exhaustive sequencing of the gene, suggesting that missing mutations are harbored in intron or regulatory sequences or that the disease is dominantly transmitted. The distinction between these two situations is of importance, especially in terms of genetic counseling, but dominance is sometimes difficult to conclusively determine by using familial analysis since expression of the disease may be highly variable, with parents of even severely affected children showing no or extremely mild symptoms of the disease. We report here the study of eight point mutations (G46 V, A99T, S164L, R167 W, R206 W, G232 V, N461I, 1473F) found in patients with no other detectable mutation. Three of these mutations, G46 V, S164L, and 1473F, have not previously been described. Pedigree and/or serum alkaline phosphatase data suggested possible dominant transmission in families with A99T, R167 W, and G232 V. By means of site-directed mutagenesis, transfections in COS-1 cells, and three-dimensional (3D) modeling, we evaluated the possible dominant effect of these eight mutations. The results showed that four of these mutations (G46 V, A99T, R167 W, and N461I) exhibited a negative dominant effect by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the heterodimer, whereas the four others did not show such inhibition. Strong inhibition resulted in severe hypophosphatasia, whereas partial inhibition resulted in milder forms of the disease. Analysis of the 3D model of the enzyme showed that mutations exhibiting a dominant effect were clustered in two regions, viz., the active site and an area probably interacting with a region having a particular biological function such as dimerization, tetramerization, or membrane anchoring. C1 Univ Versailles, Lab Cytogenet & Genet Mol Humaine, F-78035 Versailles, France. Univ Versailles, Ctr Etud Biol Prenatale, SESEP, F-78000 Versailles, France. Inst Natl Rech Agr, Unite Bioinformat, Versailles, France. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat & Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. CHU Purpan, Serv Genet, Toulouse, France. Univ Hosp, Dept Gynecol, Ghent, Belgium. Tech Univ Munich, Kinderklin, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat Dent, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Reinhardt Nieter Krankenhaus, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. USAF, Ctr Genet Med, Keesler AFB, MS USA. RP Mornet, E (reprint author), Univ Versailles, Lab Cytogenet & Genet Mol Humaine, Batiment Fermat,45 Ave Etats Unis, F-78035 Versailles, France. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 109 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 461WE UT WOS:000170386000014 PM 11479741 ER PT J AU Russell, SM Powers, PE Missey, MJ Schepler, KL AF Russell, SM Powers, PE Missey, MJ Schepler, KL TI Broadband mid-infrared generation with two-dimensional quasi-phase-matched structures SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric devices; Fourier transforms; nonlinear optics; optical frequency conversion; optical phase matching; quasi-phase-matching ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; NONLINEAR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; LINBO3; FIELD AB We report the use of highly elliptical pump beams to generate broadband, spatially-chirped mid-infrared light in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). We fabricated PPLN crystals with a fan-out grating period varying continuously from 25.5 to 31.2 mum across a 15-mm width and pumped them in both optical parametric generator and monolithic optical parametric oscillator configurations with a Q-switched Nd :YAG laser, Although the fan-out grating pattern is typically thought of as a continuously varying 1-D quasiphase-matched (QPM) structure, the elliptical pump beam illuminates the full 2-D structure of the fan. The phase-matching and gain characteristics of the crystals prefer noncollinear optical parametric generator operation for elliptical pump beams; however, collinear operation was achieved with polished plane- parallel crystal endfaces such that the Fresnel reflections set up a low- finesse monolithic cavity in the crystals themselves. The generated signal and idler beams were spatially chirped in the near field and angularly chirped in the far field while covering spectral bands as large as 1250 cm(-1). With a simple modification, this system also offers an easy way to generate broadband optical frequency combs across the signal and idler spectral bands. We also present theoretical and modeling considerations for large-aperture pumped or flood illuminated 2-D QPM structures. The Fourier transform of the spatial variation in the nonlinear coefficient in a crystal generates a 2-D map of available grating vectors in wave vector mismatch space. This method can be used to glean phase-matching information from complicated 2-D structures that would be difficult to analyze using other methods. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Electro Opt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. JDS Uniphase, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Russell, SM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Electro Opt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 24 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 7 BP 877 EP 887 DI 10.1109/3.929587 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 444KH UT WOS:000169398300005 ER PT J AU Yaghjian, AD AF Yaghjian, AD TI Incremental length diffraction coefficients for arbitrary cylindrical scatterers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE cylinders; electromagnetic diffraction; electromagnetic scattering; physical theory of diffraction ID FAR-FIELD PATTERN; SOURCE REGION; CURRENTS; STRIPS AB Convenient expressions are derived for incremental length diffraction coefficients (ILDCs) in terms of the far fields of arbitrary cylindrical canonical scatterers composed of linear electromagnetic material. The derivation of these general expressions for ILDCs is based on a surface-current equivalence theorem that states that the electromagnetic fields outside cylindrical sources can be generated to any degree of accuracy by localized electric and magnetic surface currents that lie in a single plane within the source region. This equivalence theorem is proven with the help of cylindrical wave expansions and the Kottler-Franz formulas. It combines with a general even and odd decomposition of cylindrical electromagnetic fields to allow the use of previous formulas for planar surface-current ILDCs in the derivation of the general expressions for ILDCs in terms of cylindrical far fields. RP Yaghjian, AD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1025 EP 1032 DI 10.1109/8.933481 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 451RQ UT WOS:000169815400004 ER PT J AU Pai, PF Palazotto, AN AF Pai, PF Palazotto, AN TI A higher-order sandwich plate theory accounting for 3-D stresses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE sandwich plate theory; 3-D stresses; sublaminates ID BEAM THEORY; COMPOSITES AB In this paper we extend a layerwise higher-order shear-deformation theory to model a sandwich plate impacting with an elastic foundation at a low velocity. A new concept of sublaminates is introduced, and the new sandwich plate theory satisfies the continuity conditions of interlaminar shear and normal stresses, accommodates the normal and shear stresses on the bonding surfaces, and accounts for non-uniform distributions of transverse shear stresses in each layer. Moreover, the use of sublaminates enables the modeling of shear warpings that change with the spatial location, vibration frequency, and loading and boundary conditions. A finite-element model based on this sandwich plate theory is derived for performing direct transient analyses to predict the initiation and location of critical matrix crack and the threshold of impact damage. Moreover, analytical shear warping functions, shear coupling functions, and normal strain functions due to in-plane stretching, bending, transverse shearing, and surface loading are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Pai, PF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, E2403C Engn Bldg E, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 30-31 BP 5045 EP 5062 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00356-5 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 443XM UT WOS:000169368700001 ER PT J AU Perel, VY Palazotto, AN AF Perel, VY Palazotto, AN TI Finite element formulation for cylindrical bending of a transversely compressible sandwich plate, based on assumed transverse strains SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE sandwich plate; layerwise theory; finite element formulation AB In order to construct a plate theory for cylindrical bending of a sandwich plate with isotropic homogeneous thick face sheets and an isotropic core, the authors make simplifying assumptions regarding distribution of transverse strain components in the thickness direction. It is assumed that the transverse strains (i.e. epsilon (xz) and epsilon (zz)) do not vary in the thickness direction within the face sheets and the core, but can be different functions of the in-plane coordinate in different sublaminates (the face sheets and the core). The purpose of this work is to investigate the accuracy of the theory, based on such assumptions and upon the continuity of displacements and transverse stresses at the interfaces between the layers. The finite element formulation, based on this plate theory, is made using degrees of freedom related to transverse strains and datum surface displacements. The in-plane direct stress, sigma (xx), is computed from the constitutive equations, and the improved values of transverse stress components are computed by integration of equilibrium equations sigma (ijj) = 0 in a post process stage. The values of the transverse strains can also be computed in the post process stage by substituting the improved transverse stresses into the constitutive relations. The improved transverse strains, unlike the assumed ones, vary in the thickness direction within a sublaminate. A problem of cylindrical bending of a simply supported plate under a uniform load on the upper surface is considered, and comparison is made between the in-plane stress, improved transverse stresses (obtained by integration of equilibrium equations) and displacements, computed from the plate theory with the corresponding values from an exact elasticity solution. This comparison showed that good agreement of both solutions is achieved. The model of a sandwich plate in cylindrical bending, presented in the present paper, has a wider range of applicability than the models presented in literature so far: it can be applied to plates with both thin and thick faces, with the cores both transversely rigid and transversely flexible, and to the plates with a wide range of thickness-to-length ratios. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45426 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, AFIT,Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 5307-F F Salem Bend Dr, Dayton, OH 45426 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 30-31 BP 5373 EP 5409 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00293-6 PG 37 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 443XM UT WOS:000169368700018 ER PT J AU Collins, CB Zoita, NC Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Camase, DT Davanloo, F Pouvesle, JM Dussart, R Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV Ur, CA Popescu, II Agee, FJ AF Collins, CB Zoita, NC Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Camase, DT Davanloo, F Pouvesle, JM Dussart, R Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV Ur, CA Popescu, II Agee, FJ TI Gamma-ray transitions induced in nuclear spin isomers by X-rays SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL ST MALO, FRANCE SP Soc Francaise Phys, Soc Francaise Opt, Thomson CSF Lasers, Roper Sci (Princeton Instruments) ID 31-YR ISOMER; EMISSION; HF-178; IRRADIATION AB Because of the high density of energy storage and the large cross section for its release there is considerable significance of the triggering of induced gamma emission from nuclear spin isomers to efforts to develop intense sources of short-wavelength radiation. The work reported here describes the current experimental focus and results recently obtained. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Orleans, CNRS, GREMI, Orleans, France. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Ctr Sci, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. H Hulubei NIPNE, Bucharest, Romania. IGE Fdn, Bucharest, Romania. USAF, Off Sci Res, NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Collins, CB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, POB 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/F-9868-2013 OI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/0000-0002-8337-9559 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUL PY 2001 VL 11 IS PR2 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1051/jp4:2001285 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 476CK UT WOS:000171208500087 ER PT J AU Eastep, F Kolonay, R AF Eastep, F Kolonay, R TI Control surface reversal in the transonic regime including viscous effects SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB This paper investigates control surface reversal in the transonic flight regime. Surface-pressure distributions on a rigid and deformable wing are presented using linear and nonlinear aerodynamic methods, which incorporate the effects of surface shocks and viscosity with an interactive boundary layer. Transonic small-disturbance (TSD) aerodynamics is used to determine reversal of atypical fighter wing to study the interactions among control surface deflections, structural flexibility, and embedded shocks in a flowfield where significant viscous effects can exist. Pressure distributions on the wing are examined, and control surface reversal calculations are presented. The results show that the reduction of the reversal dynamic pressure can be as much as 30% when an aerodynamic method capable of representing a shock is used. A limited number of Euler computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results are presented for the purpose of comparison with transonic small disturbance results. The adequacy of using TSD theory in reversal prediction as compared to that obtained from either Euler or Navier-Stokes CFD aerodynamics is discussed. It is suggested that the inviscid transonic small disturbance aerodynamic provides a capability of representing shocks with only a modest increase of computer time beyond that necessary with the linear surface panel method. It is recommended that the inviscid version of TSD be incorporated in the preliminary design of aircraft operating at transonic speeds. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Struct Design & Dev Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Gen Elect Corp Res, Struct Design & Dev Branch, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Eastep, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 653 EP 663 DI 10.2514/2.2842 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 461AX UT WOS:000170343700009 ER PT J AU Reich, GW Park, KC AF Reich, GW Park, KC TI A theory for strain-based structural system identification SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A theory for structural system identification which utilizes strains and translational displacements as measured outputs is presented. The state variables of the fundamental first-order form consist of the strains and the elemental or substructural rigid-body motion amplitudes. The theory is applicable to, and to some respects, motivated by the advances and expanded use of embedded piezoelectric sensors and fiber optics. A distinct feature of the present theory is its ability to provide rotational flexibility without having to measure rotational quantities. The theory is illustrated by simple ideal examples. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Aerosp Struct, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Reich, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI park, k.c./E-8898-2010 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2001 VL 68 IS 4 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1115/1.1379954 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 459NV UT WOS:000170257900002 ER PT J AU Devine, RAB Revesz, AG AF Devine, RAB Revesz, AG TI Concentration dependence of the dielectric constant in mixed oxides MxOyMp ' O-q SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GATE DIELECTRICS; TA2O5 FILMS; ZIRCONIA; SILICON AB The dielectric constants in mixed oxides ZrO2+Y2O3, Ta2O5+TiO2, Ta2O5+Y2O3, and ZrO2+SiO2 are examined in the context of the oxide additivity rule for molecular polarizability. The experimentally observed concentration dependence of the dielectric constant can be satisfactorily explained by taking account of effective molecular polarizability and molecular volume changes. The simple rule thus enables predictive study of the dielectric constant of oxide alloys. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Devine, RAB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 1 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.1063/1.1375806 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 443UY UT WOS:000169361100059 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, DH Reifsnider, KL AF Mollenhauer, DH Reifsnider, KL TI Interlaminar deformation along the cylindrical surface of a hole in laminated composites - Experimental analysis by moire interferometry SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE polymer matrix composites; moire interferometry; interlaminar deformation; open holes ID FREE EDGE STRESSES; ANGLE-PLY; CIRCULAR HOLE; PLATE; DELAMINATION; TENSION AB The deformation along cylindrical surfaces of holes in tensile-loaded specimens was measured using new moire interferometry techniques. The techniques were developed and validated using an isotropic, homogeneous aluminum specimen. Two composite tensile specimens, fabricated from M7/5250-4 pre-preg with ply lay-ups of [0 degrees (4)/90 degrees (4)](3s) and [+30 degrees (2)/-30 degrees (2)/90 degrees (4)](3s), were then examined using the new techniques. Circumferential and thickness direction displacement fringe patterns (each 3 degrees wide) were assembled into 90 degrees -wide mosaics around the hole periphery for both composite specimens. Distributions of strain were calculated with high confidence on a sub-ply basis at selected angular locations. The measured strain behavior was complex. Ply-by-ply trends were revealed. Large ply-related variations in the circumferential strain were observed at certain angular locations around the periphery of the holes in both composites. Extremely large ply-by-ply variations of the shear strain were also documented in both composites. Peak values of shear strain approached 30 times the applied far-field axial strain. Residual viscoelastic shearing strains were recorded in regions of large load-induced shearing strains. Large ply-group related variations in the thickness direction strain were observed in the [+30 degrees (2)/-30 degrees (2)/90 degrees (4)](3s) specimen. An important large-scale trend was observed in which the thickness direction strain tended to be more tensile near the outside faces of the laminate than near the raid-ply region. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Mollenhauer, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, 2941 P St,Room 243, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 23 IS 3 BP 178 EP 188 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 490KY UT WOS:000172052100002 ER PT J AU McFall, JL Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Van Nostrand, JE Saxler, AW AF McFall, JL Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Van Nostrand, JE Saxler, AW TI Optical investigation of MBE grown Si-doped AlxGa1-xN as a function of nominal Al mole fraction up to 0.5 SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-XI) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Natl Nat Sci Fdn, Inst Semiconductor, CAS, Inst Phys, CAS, State Key Lab Funct Mat Informat, Inst Met, CAS, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Hong Kong, Lab New Mat, Chinese Acad Sci, Lab New Mat, VG Semicon, Riber DE characterization; doping; X-ray diffraction; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting ternary compounds ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NITRIDE; LAYERS AB AlxGa1-xN epitaxial films were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy and investigated as a function of Al mole fraction. Cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, and optical absorption measurements were used to characterize 1 mum thick layers of AlxGa1-xN with nominal x values of 0.1, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 as well as GaN and the AlN buffer layer. The GaN and AlxGa1-xN layers were doped with 1 x 10(18) cm(-3) of Si from a Knudsen source. Typical spectra contain a donor bound exciton peak with its phonon replicas and donor-acceptor pair (DAP) peaks. From the observed bound exciton peak positions and the absorption data, the band gap energies for the AlxGa1-xN were estimated. and these values were compared with the linearly extrapolated band gaps. This study indicates that the MBE growth of 1 mum thick AlxGa1-xN layers provides good quality films for x values up to 0.3, and lesser quality films for x values above this mole fraction, requiring further improvement and,or modifications to the MBE growth technique to obtain quality AlxGa1-xN alloy material for semiconductor devices. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hengehold, RL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL PY 2001 VL 227 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00743-6 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 447EE UT WOS:000169557600090 ER PT J AU Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Maleev, NA Kovsh, AR Mikhrin, SS Volovik, BV Musikhin, YG Shernyakov, YM Maximov, MV Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ledentsov, NN Alferov, ZI Lott, JA Bimberg, D AF Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Maleev, NA Kovsh, AR Mikhrin, SS Volovik, BV Musikhin, YG Shernyakov, YM Maximov, MV Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ledentsov, NN Alferov, ZI Lott, JA Bimberg, D TI 1.3 mu m InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers and VCSELs grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-XI) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Natl Nat Sci Fdn, Inst Semiconductor, CAS, Inst Phys, CAS, State Key Lab Funct Mat Informat, Inst Met, CAS, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Hong Kong, Lab New Mat, Chinese Acad Sci, Lab New Mat, VG Semicon, Riber DE low dimensional structures; molecular beam epitaxy; semiconducting III-V materials; laser diodes ID OPERATION; 1.3-MU-M AB Molecular beam epitaxy growth of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) structures on GaAs substrates for 1.3 mum laser applications is discussed. Long-stripe edge-emitting lasers demonstrate low threshold current density (< 100 A/cm(2)), high differential efficiency (> 50%) and low internal loss (similar to1-2 cm(-1)). Maximum output continuous-wave power for broad-area lasers is as high as 2.7 W. Narrow stripe (7 mum) lasers demonstrate single transverse mode operation with the maximum kink-free power of 110 mW. 1.3 mum vertical cavity surface emitting lasers were successfully fabricated from the structures with three QD planes inserted into the optical microcavity with AlO-GaAs Bragg: reflectors. The output power is 220 mW at a drive current of 2.4 mA under pulsed mode for the device with the 8 x 8 mum oxidized aperture. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Ustinov, VM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, 26 Politeknicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Tsatsulnikov, Andrey/A-9150-2014; Shernyakov, Yuri/A-6826-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Maleev, Nikolay/D-7873-2014; Maximov, Mikhail/A-8562-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; NR 11 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL PY 2001 VL 227 BP 1155 EP 1161 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01006-5 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 447EE UT WOS:000169557600221 ER PT J AU Barrett, SF Wright, CHG Zwick, H Wilcox, M Rockwell, BA Naess, E AF Barrett, SF Wright, CHG Zwick, H Wilcox, M Rockwell, BA Naess, E TI Efficiently tracking a moving object in two-dimensional image space SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Process Imaging for Automatic Control CY NOV 05-06, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP SPIE, Virtual Ctr Ind Process Tomog, VCIPT AB A tracking algorithm has been developed to efficiently track a moving object in two-dimensional image space. The algorithm employs a limited exhaustive template matching scheme that combines the accuracy of an exhaustive search with the computational efficiency of a coarse-fine template matching scheme, The overall result is an accurate, time-efficient tracking algorithm. After providing a theoretical discussion of the algorithm, three separate biomedical applications of the algorithm are described. (1) stabilizing an irradiating laser on the retinal surface for photocoagulation treatment, (2) measuring target fixation eye movement to construct pattern densities at the retina, and (3) tracking a rat swimming in a Morris Water Maze for psychophysiological studies. Results for each application is provided, The paper concludes Vith a discussion of the relative merits of the tracking algorithm and recommendations for methods to improve the performance of the algorithm. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USA, Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Barrett, SF (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect Engn, POB 3295, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3 BP 785 EP 793 DI 10.1117/1.1380202 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 467UA UT WOS:000170721100021 ER PT J AU Vilela, MF Anselm, KA Sooriar, N Johnson, JL Lin, CH Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K Saxler, A Szmulowicz, F AF Vilela, MF Anselm, KA Sooriar, N Johnson, JL Lin, CH Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K Saxler, A Szmulowicz, F TI InAs/InGaSb photodetectors grown on GaAs bonded substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Alternative Substrate Technology CY JAN 22-25, 2001 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA DE infrared photodetector; strained layer superlattice; InAs/InGaSb; wafer fusion; MBE ID INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; STRUCTURAL QUALITY; GASB; MBE AB The results of wafer fusion between GaAs and InP followed by transfer of an InGaAs film from the InP to GaAs substrate are presented in this paper. This technique of him transfer allowed the subsequent growth of epitaxial materials with approximately 7% lattice mismatch. Type-II InAs/GaInSb superlattices photodetectors of different designs have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on the alternative InGaAs/GaAs substrate and on standard GaSb substrates. Comparison between photodetectors grown on the two different substrates with nearly identical superlattice periods showed a shift in the cutoff wavelength. The superlattices grown on the alternative substrates were found to have uniform layers, with broader x-ray linewidths than superlattices grown on GaSb substrates. C1 Appl Optoelect Inc, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPO,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vilela, MF (reprint author), Appl Optoelect Inc, 13111 Jess Pirtle, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 30 IS 7 BP 798 EP 801 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0059-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 453HT UT WOS:000169911000002 ER PT J AU Bruening, GB Snyder, JR Fredette, RE AF Bruening, GB Snyder, JR Fredette, RE TI The potential impact of utilizing advanced engine technology for a combat capable unmanned air vehicle (UAV) SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY AB This paper evaluates the potential impact of utilizing advanced engine technology for a limited life, combat capable, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) application. A study was conducted to define payoffs in terms of mission capability and system level life cycle costs (LCC) associated with implementing three different engine development approaches into a combat capable UAV design. The three different approaches considered were: a new, advanced technology engine; an existing (off-the-shelf) engine; and a derivative of an existing engine with limited technology insertion. A detailed vehicle configuration design was developed to conduct this assessment, including a low observable (LO), highly integrated engine/airframe layout for survivability: and mission adaptable considerations. The vehicle is designed with multirole mission capability such as suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD), close air support (CAS), and battlefield air interdiction (BAI). A system level performance comparison is assessed with the three different engine approaches specifically for the SEAD-type mission. For the cost analysis, the multirole mission capability is reflected in the overall assumptions such as in the number of aircraft needed to meet the mission requirements. A system level assessment such as in this study is essential in determining,whether the additional costs associated with the development of a new, advanced engine is worth the investment. The results of this study suggest that advanced engine technology insertion cart provide significant benefits in terms of mission I range capability vehicle weight/size, and overall life cycle costs versus an existing engine. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. United Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Bruening, GB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2001 VL 123 IS 3 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1115/1.1362666 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 455XN UT WOS:000170053200005 ER PT J AU Nitzshe, F Zimcik, DG Ryall, TG Moses, RW Henderson, DA AF Nitzshe, F Zimcik, DG Ryall, TG Moses, RW Henderson, DA TI Closed-loop control for vertical fin buffeting alleviation using strain actuation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Aerosp Res, Aeroacoust & Struct Dynam Grp, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Aeronautical & Maritime Res Lab, Airframe & Engines Div, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelastic Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nitzshe, F (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 24 IS 4 BP 855 EP 857 DI 10.2514/2.4788 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 451KB UT WOS:000169800300028 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, JT TI Jacksons way: Andrew Jackson and the people of the western waters SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 792 EP 793 DI 10.2307/2677549 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 445EW UT WOS:000169446000023 ER PT J AU Marsh, RA Vukson, S Surampudi, S Ratnakumar, BV Smart, MC Manzo, M Dalton, PJ AF Marsh, RA Vukson, S Surampudi, S Ratnakumar, BV Smart, MC Manzo, M Dalton, PJ TI Li ion batteries for aerospace applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2000 CL COMO, ITALY DE geosynchronous earth orbit; Li ion batteries; low earth orbit AB Rechargeable Li ion batteries are perceived as likely substitutes for conventional nickel systems in an effort to minimize the mass and volume of the power subsystems in aerospace applications. The on-going consortium of NASA and DoD, after 2 years of existence, has propelled the advancement of aerospace Li ion technology in the US. Prototype cells of different sizes have been built by domestic manufacturers and are being evaluated both by NASA and Air Force. The early versions of these prototypes catered to needs of imminent NASA missions, i.e. Mars landers and revers. Developmental efforts are underway to further improve the technology to meet the demands of long calendar life, as in the geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) and the outer planets missions, and long cycle life as in the low earth orbit (LEO) missions. In this paper, we will briefly describe the objective and progress of this joint effort. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PR PB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Glen Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Marsh, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PR PB, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL PY 2001 VL 97-8 SI SI BP 25 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00584-5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 452AY UT WOS:000169836000006 ER PT J AU Miller, JH Shang, JS Tomaro, RF Strang, WZ AF Miller, JH Shang, JS Tomaro, RF Strang, WZ TI Computation of compressible flows through a chemical laser device with crossflow injection SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 31st Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; STOKES SOLVER; IMPLICIT AB The Air Force Research Laboratory has an ongoing effort to develop an accurate and efficient computational tool to support the development of advanced chemical oxygen/iodine laser (COIL) devices. In this study, a series of computational simulations have been performed to provide a better understanding of fluid dynamic phenomena within geometries associated with COIL flowfields. The parallel, implicit unstructured Navier-Stokes code Cobalt(60) was used. to compute laminar, turbulent, and unsteady Rows of helium within the research assessment and device improvement chemical laser (RADICL) nozzle, Computational results showing details of the jet mixing interaction and topological structure are presented. The laminar and turbulent results obtained with Cobalt(60) are in excellent agreement with measured mass Row rates and surface pressure data obtained from recent cold-how tests performed with the RADICL device. Insufficient experimental measurement prevents the determination of whether or nut transition occurs within the injector region. The laminar time-accurate results indicate small-scale unsteadiness in the frequency range of 200 kHz downstream of the nozzle throat. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr Excellence, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 836 EP 844 DI 10.2514/2.5814 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 454BN UT WOS:000169952700012 ER PT J AU Sultan, PJ Rich, RJ AF Sultan, PJ Rich, RJ TI Validation of in situ ionospheric density measurements with ground-based radar SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The in situ sensors aboard spacecraft of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program routinely measure top-side ionospheric ion densities near 840 km. This report presents data that demonstrate that the satellite ion density measurements are accurate. This verification is done by comparing the ion densities determined by the thermal plasma instrument with plasma densities determined by the incoherent scatter radar station at Millstone Hill, Westford, Massachusetts. The radar measurements were obtained at nearly the same location and same time as the satellite measurements and are completely independent of the satellite observations. This report describes the collection and comparison of the radar and spacecraft data for the years 1989 and 1991. The principal result of the study is that ion densities determined by the spacecraft differ from radar plasma densities by less than 10%. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSBXP, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. RP Sultan, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSBXP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 590 EP 593 DI 10.2514/2.3721 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 461TQ UT WOS:000170379900017 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Scott, KR AF Brungart, DS Scott, KR TI The effects of production and presentation level on the auditory distance perception of speech SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VOCAL EFFORT AB Although both perceived vocal effort and intensity are known to influence the perceived distance of speech, little is known about the processes listeners use to integrate these two parameters into a single estimate of talker distance. In this series of experiments, listeners judged the distances of prerecorded speech samples presented over headphones in a large open field. In the first experiment, virtual synthesis techniques were used to simulate speech signals produced by a live talker at distances ranging from 0.25 to 64 m. In the second experiment, listeners judged the apparent distances of speech stimuli produced over a 60-dB range of different vocal effort levels (production levels) and presented over a 34-dB range of different intensities (presentation levels). In the third experiment, the listeners judged the distances of time-reversed speech samples. The results indicate that production level and presentation level influence distance perception differently for each of three distinct categories of speech. When the stimulus was high-level voiced speech (produced above 66 dB SPL 1 m from the talker's mouth), the distance judgments doubled with each 8-dB increase in production level and each 12-dB decrease in presentation level. When the stimulus was low-level voiced speech (produced at or below 66 dB SPL at 1 m), the distance judgments doubled with each 15-dB increase in production level but were relatively insensitive to changes in presentation level at all but the highest intensity levels tested. When the stimulus was whispered speech, the distance judgments were unaffected by changes in production level and only decreased with increasing presentation level when the intensity of the stimulus exceeded 66 dB SPL. The distance judgments obtained in these experiments were consistent across a range of different talkers, listeners, and utterances, suggesting that voice-based distance cueing could provide a robust way to control the apparent distances of speech sounds in virtual audio displays. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 110 IS 1 BP 425 EP 440 DI 10.1121/1.1379730 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 452FD UT WOS:000169846100040 PM 11508968 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Boakye, EE Keller, KA Hay, RS AF Parthasarathy, TA Boakye, EE Keller, KA Hay, RS TI Evaluation of porous ZrO2-SiO2 and monazite coatings using Nextel (TM) 720-fiber-reinforced Blackglas (TM) minicomposites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; OXIDE COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ALUMINA; CARBON; EMBRITTLEMENT; INTERFACES; STRESS AB A procedure was developed to fabricate oxide-fiber-reinforced minicomposites with a dense matrix and evaluate two oxidation-resistant interface coatings, porous oxide (zirconia-silica mixture) and monazite, The coatings were evaluated using Nextel (TM) 720-fiber-reinforced Blackglas (TM) -matrix minicomposites. Boron nitride (BN) coated and uncoated fibers were used as controls for comparison. The evaluation was based on ultimate failure strengths, fractography, and fiber pushin tests. All the composites that used fiber coatings had ultimate strengths significantly better than the control that used uncoated fibers. In addition, porous-oxide-coated fibers were found to be similar to BN-coated fibers in strength, fractography, and fiber pushin behavior. Monazite-coated fibers resulted in similar ultimate strengths but showed no appreciable fiber pullout. Fiber pushin tests showed that monazite debonds readily but frictional resistance is higher than for BN or porous oxide fiber coatings. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1526 EP 1532 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 452FZ UT WOS:000169848300022 ER PT J AU Ford, KA Hall, CD AF Ford, KA Hall, CD TI Flexible spacecraft reorientations using gimbaled momentum wheels SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB We study the reorientations of flexible spacecraft using momentum exchange devices. A new concise form of the equations of motion for a spacecraft with gimbaled momentum wheels and flexible appendages is presented. The derivation results in a set of vector nonlinear first order differential equations with gimbal torques and spin axis torques as the control inputs. Feedback control laws which result in smooth reorientations are sought with the goal of minimizing structural excitations. We pay special attention to a class of maneuvers wherein the magnitude of the momentum in the wheel cluster is held constant, resulting in a so-called "stationary platform maneuver." The advantage of this maneuver is that the platform angular velocity remains small throughout, thereby reducing the excitation of the appendages. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ford, KA (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Plans & Programs, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 421 EP 441 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 551PB UT WOS:000175569100004 ER PT J AU Solomon, CJ Loos, GC Rios, S AF Solomon, CJ Loos, GC Rios, S TI Variational solution for modal wave-front projection functions of minimum-error norm SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SLOPE MEASUREMENTS AB Common wave-front sensors such as the Hartmann or curvature sensor provide measurements of the local gradient or Laplacian of the wave front. The expression of wave fronts in terms of a set of orthogonal basis functions thus generally leads to a linear wave-front-estimation problem in which modal cross coupling occurs. Auxiliary vector functions may be derived that effectively restore the orthogonality of the problem and enable the modes of a wave front to be independently and directly projected from slope measurements. By using variational methods, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition for these auxiliary vector functions to have minimum-error norm. For the specific case of a slope-based sensor and a basis set comprising the Zernike circular polynomials, these functions are precisely the Gavrielides functions. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Fis Appl, Area Opt, E-15706 Compostela, Galicia, Spain. RP Solomon, CJ (reprint author), Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. RI Rios, Susana/L-4655-2014 OI Rios, Susana/0000-0002-4679-9458 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1519 EP 1522 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.001519 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 445JD UT WOS:000169453600012 PM 11444543 ER PT J AU Powell, OA Bons, JP AF Powell, OA Bons, JP TI Heat transfer to the inclined trailing wall of an open cavity SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 9th Internatinal Space Plants and Hypersonic System and Technology Conference CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA AB An experimental and computational investigation of a cavity geometrically similar to one currently being considered for use in a supersonic combustion ramjet engine was performed in a cold flow environment without fuel addition. The axial variation of heat transfer was determined in the form of Stanton number using temperature data recorded along the Boor and inclined trailing wall of an open cavity exposed to a Mach 2.9 airflow. These results were compared to Stanton number calculations from recorded temperature data along a flat plate at two axial locations. Along the inclined trailing wall, the Stanton number increased both above and below the inclined trailing wall from the shear layer reattachment point. The experimental data suggest that the Stanton number increases were due to the conversion of energy from flow turning and flow recirculation, respectively. A schlieren flow visualization was performed that showed coalescing Mach waves forming an oblique shock above the trailing wall. For comparison, a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes computational evaluation was performed using a Reynolds' stress model for turbulence closure. These computational results displayed a similar trend in Stanton number within the cavity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Powell, OA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.2514/2.6625 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 454RT UT WOS:000169986100006 ER PT J AU Ketsdever, AD Wadsworth, DC Muntz, EP AF Ketsdever, AD Wadsworth, DC Muntz, EP TI Gas-surface interaction model influence on predicted performance of microelectromechanical system resistojet SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 34th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP AIAA ID EXTENSIONS; SILICON AB The free molecule micro-resistojet was designed as a micropropulsion system capable of performing attitude control and primary maneuvers for nanospacecraft with mass less than 10 kg. The details of gas-surface interactions between propellant molecules and surfaces held at elevated temperature are critical in predicting the propulsion system's performance and efficiency. The aim is to assess parametrically the performance of a typical thruster geometry using a general Maxwell scattering model and two versions of the Cercignani-Lampis-lord model (Lord, R, G.,''Some Extensions of the Cercignani-Lampis Gas-Surface Scattering Kernal," Physics of Fluids, A, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1991., pp. 706-710 and Lord, R, G,, "Some Further Extensions of the Cercignani-Lampis Gas-Surface Interaction Model," Physics of Fluids, A, Vol. 7, No, 5, 1995, pp, 1159-11611, The models are incorporated into a direct simulation Monte Carlo numerical code and are used to bound the predicted performance characteristics of the thruster, The total specific impulse varies by approximately 20% over range of accommodation coefficients from specular to diffuse surface scattering, However, there was only a maximum difference of about 5% between the models for a given accommodation coefficient. Other more microscopic parameters, such as axial velocity distribution functions, appear to depend more on the scattering model assumed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Adv Concepts, Prop Directorate, Edwards AF Base, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AF Base, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ketsdever, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Adv Concepts, Prop Directorate, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AF Base, CA 93524 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.2514/2.6626 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 454RT UT WOS:000169986100007 ER PT J AU Canupp, PW AF Canupp, PW TI Resolution of magnetogasdynamic phenomena using a flux-vector splitting method SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Canupp, PW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 373 EP 376 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 454RT UT WOS:000169986100018 ER PT J AU Ritchie, GD Still, KR Alexander, WK Nordholm, AF Wilson, CL Rossi, J Mattie, DR AF Ritchie, GD Still, KR Alexander, WK Nordholm, AF Wilson, CL Rossi, J Mattie, DR TI A review of the neurotoxicity risk of selected hydrocarbon fuels SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID JP-8 JET FUEL; TERTIARY-BUTYL-ETHER; PETROLEUM BLENDING STREAMS; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; INHALATION SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY/NEUROTOXICITY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDUCED SENSORIMOTOR NEUROPATHY; MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; BRAIN MONOAMINE METABOLISM AB Over 1.3 million civilian and military personnel are occupationally exposed to hydrocarbon fuels, emphasizing gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, or kerosene. These exposures may occur acutely or chronically to raw fuel, vapor, aerosol, or fuel combustion exhaust by dermal, respiratory inhalation, or oral ingestion routes, and commonly occur concurrently with exposure to other chemicals and stressors. Hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures of 150-260+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds containing varying concentrations of potential neurotoxicants including benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, naphthalene, and certain n-C9-C12 fractions (n-propylbenzene, trimethylbenzene isomers). Due to their natural petroleum base, the chemical composition of different hydrocarbon fuels is not defined, and the fuels are classified according to broad performance criteria such as flash and boiling points, complicating toxicological comparisons. While hydrocarbon fuel exposures occur typically at concentrations below permissible exposure limits for their constituent chemicals, it is unknown whether additive or synergistic interactions may result in unpredicted neurotoxicity. The inclusion of up to six performance additives in existing fuel formulations presents additional neurotoxicity challenge. Additionally, exposures to hydrocarbon fuels, typically with minimal respiratory or dermal protection, range from weekly fueling of personal automobiles to waist-deep immersion of personnel in raw fuel during maintenance of aircraft fuel tanks. Occupational exposures may occur an a near daily basis for from several months to over 20 yr. A number of published studies have reported acute or persisting neurotoxic effects from acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure of humans or animals to hydrocarbon fuels, or to certain constituent chemicals of these fuels. This review summarizes human and animal studies of hydrocarbon fuel-induced neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral consequences. It is hoped that this review will support ongoing attempts to review and possibly revive exposure standards for hydrocarbon fuels. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 361 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 4 IS 3 BP 223 EP 312 DI 10.1080/109374001301419728 PG 90 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 458VC UT WOS:000170214800001 PM 11503417 ER PT J AU Kolettis, PN Sabanegh, ES AF Kolettis, PN Sabanegh, ES TI Significant medical pathology discovered during a male infertility evaluation SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE infertility; male; evaluation studies; pathology ID INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; CONGENITAL BILATERAL ABSENCE; TESTICULAR SPERMATOZOA; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; VAS-DEFERENS; FERTILIZATION; MEN; GENE AB Purpose: Because a pregnancy can be achieved without a male infertility evaluation, some have questioned its usefulness. However, by bypassing a urological evaluation the man might not learn the cause of infertility and not be offered specific corrective therapy. In addition, men with subfertility may have a serious underlying medical or genetic problem that could also be overlooked. We determine the incidence of significant medical pathology discovered during a male infertility evaluation at 2 academic infertility practices. Materials and Methods: All men examined for either primary or secondary infertility were included in our study, while men seen for vasectomy reversal were not. All patients underwent evaluation, consisting of a complete history, physical examination, semen analysis, hormone testing, urinalysis and genetic testing when appropriate. Results: Significant medical pathology was discovered in 33 of 536 (6%) patients. A total of 27 patients had genetic abnormalities,: including cystic fibrosis mutations in 24 and karyotypic abnormalities in 3. Of the remaining 6 patients 1 had testis cancer, 1 prostate cancer, 3 diabetes mellitus and 1 hypothyroidism. Conclusions: Significant medical pathology can be detected by a male infertility evaluation. In addition to identifying the cause of infertility, the evaluation may uncover conditions that threaten the health of the male partner or any potential offspring. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Urol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Kolettis, PN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Urol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66104-6 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 442CY UT WOS:000169268700048 PM 11435851 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS TI Structure control of pulsed laser deposited ZrO2/Y2O3 films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Symposium of AVS CY OCT 02-06, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP AVS ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; BUFFER; LAYERS; WEAR; ABLATION; TEXTURE AB Structure control in the laser ablation deposition of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films is explored. A focus was given to a low temperature growth of tetragonal and cubic YSZ films with [001] growth orientation. using surface ion bombardment. Unlike an ion-beam assisted pulsed laser deposition, the ion bombardment was achieved by the acceleration of zirconium ions from the ablation plumes themselves with a negative substrate bias. The large degree of zirconium ionization was obtained by using low pressure Ar backgrounds. Correlation between substrate bias, film lattice parameters, orientation. surface microtopography, stress, and hardness are discussed. Film structural change from nearly amorphous and predominantly (111) oriented to distorted tetragonal and to cubic with (002) orientation were observed as the bias was increased from zero to -300 V in 0.2 Pa Ar environment. The technique was used to produce single-axis oriented YSZ films with a smooth (002) surface and 30 GPa hardness on a number of single and polycrystalline substrates at 100 degreesC deposition temperature. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 MLBT MLMR, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), MLBT MLMR, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1320 EP 1324 DI 10.1116/1.1355360 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 456YT UT WOS:000170110900055 ER PT J AU Chen, X Sparks, AG Zhou, KM Gu, GX AF Chen, X Sparks, AG Zhou, KM Gu, GX TI Local robustness of stationary bifurcation control SO LATIN AMERICAN APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stationary bifurcation; bifurcation stabilization; robustness; compressor control ID STABILIZATION; FEEDBACK AB In this paper, local robust analysis of a class of stationary bi,furcation stabilizing controllers is presented. m particular, computable conditions ore derived to characterize the admissible uncertainty sets for systems with either pitchfork or transcritical bifurcation. The results obtained in this paper, hence, provide useful guidance for selecting a robust controller for such kind of systems. The robust analysis of rotating stall control for axial compressors is presented as an application example. C1 Univ Windsor, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLAPIQUI(UNS-CONICET) PI BAHIA BLANCA PA CAMINO LA CARRINDANGA, KM 7, C C 717, 8000 BAHIA BLANCA, ARGENTINA SN 0327-0793 J9 LAT AM APPL RES JI Latin Am. Appl. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 448MM UT WOS:000169630700005 ER PT J AU Gunawarman Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Eylon, D Fujishiro, S Ouchi, C AF Gunawarman Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Eylon, D Fujishiro, S Ouchi, C TI Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and fracture characteristics of beta-rich alpha+beta type Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe alloy SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE fracture characteristic; fracture toughness; microstructure; secondary phase; beta-rich alpha plus beta titanium alloy; Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; TOUGHNESS; DEFORMATION AB This study investigated the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and fracture characteristics of beta -rich alpha + beta type Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe alloy rolled plate. Particular attention was paid to the roles of the local and continuous secondary phases within prior beta grain in the static fracture toughness. A variety of microstructures containing different types, morphologies, sizes and volume fractions of secondary phases were obtained in matrix beta (within prior beta grain) with varying cooling rates; namely, water-quenching (WQ), air-cooling (AC), furnace-cooling (FC) and slow furnace-cooling (SFC) from various solutionizing temperatures in the alpha + beta field. The types of secondary phases are martensite alpha (orthorhombic alpha"), acicular alpha and plate-like alpha observed in WQ, AC and FC specimens, respectively. While, there is no or lack secondary phase observed in matrix beta for SFC specimen. Deformation-induced martensite (alpha"), DIM, was observed in WQ specimens after testing. The results showed that the fracture toughness, J(IC), and calculated flow stress, sigma (f), of the microstructures containing a secondary phase depend mainly on the type and width of the secondary phase. The J(IC) of microstructures containing a secondary phase, in general, is superior to that of the microstructures lacking secondary phases. Both the martensite alpha and DIM appear to increase J(IC). In a particular condition, J(IC) decreases slightly with increasing width of acicular alpha for microstructure containing predominantly local acicular alpha, but increases monotonously with further increases in the width of acicular alpha. J(IC) increases considerably with increasing width of plate-like alpha. The increase of J(IC) is mainly due to increasing the effect of extrinsic toughening mechanism. C1 Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. RP Gunawarman (reprint author), Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. RI Niinomi, Mitsuo/B-5965-2011 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1339 EP 1348 DI 10.2320/matertrans.42.1339 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 462EW UT WOS:000170408600032 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR AF Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR TI Effect of texture and slip mode on the anisotropy of plastic flow and flow softening during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of crystallographic texture and slip mode on the plastic flow of Ti-6Al-4V with either a colony- or globular-alpha microstructure was determined by conducting isothermal, constant-strain-rate, hot-compression tests on specimens cut at various orientations (rolling direction (RD), transverse direction (TD), 45 deg, and normal) from hot-rolled plate. Testing was performed using a fixed strain rate (0.1 s(-1)) and various temperatures below the beta transus. The flow cur;es from all of the experiments exhibited a peak flow stress followed by a large and a small amount of flow softening for the colony and globular microstructures, respectively. Although the flow softening response did not depend noticeably on test direction for a given microstructure and test temperature, the peak flow stress and development of sample ovality did. This orientation dependence was interpreted using both lower-bound (isostress-type) and upper-bound (isostrain, Taylor/Bishop-Hill) models to deduce the operative slip systems in the alpha phase. These analyses suggested that prism [a] and basal [a] slip are considerably easier than pyramidal [c + a] or [a] slip at hot-working temperatures. A comparison of the flow curves for the colony and globular alpha microstructures suggested that slip transfer across alpha/beta interfaces and loss of Hall-Fetch boundary strengthening can account for a substantial portion of the flow softening observed during hot working. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 40 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 39 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1787 EP 1799 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0155-1 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 450YK UT WOS:000169772300020 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Kobryn, PA Roush, ED Furrer, DU Howson, TE Boyer, RR Chellman, DJ AF Semiatin, SL Kobryn, PA Roush, ED Furrer, DU Howson, TE Boyer, RR Chellman, DJ TI Plastic flow and microstructure evolution during thermomechanical processing of laser-deposited Ti-6/Al-4V preforms SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOT-WORKING; GLOBULARIZATION; TI-6AL-4V AB Plastic flow behavior and microstructure evolution during hot working and heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V synthesized via a laser-deposition, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS(TM)), process were established. To this end, isothermal, hot compression tests were conducted on samples in either a deposited + stress relieved condition or a deposited + hot isostatically pressed (hipped) condition. The starting microstructures consisted of columnar grains with fine or coarse Widmanstatten (basketweave) alpha platelets. At subtransus temperatures, the flow curves of both microstructural conditions exhibited a peak stress at low strains followed by extensive flow softening; these curves were almost identical to previous measurements on ingot-metallurgy (IM) Ti-6Al-4V with similar transformed microstructures. In addition, the kinetics of globularization of the alpha phase during subtransus deformation or subsequent static heat treatment were found to be the same as for IM Ti-6Al-4V with comparable alpha-platelet thicknesses. During supertransus heat treatment, moderately fine beta-grain microstructures were developed in samples that had been predeformed below the beta transus. Such a heat treatment for samples previously deformed above the transus gave rise to a nonuniform distribution of coarse beta grains, an effect attributed to critical grain growth. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Ladish Co, Adv Mat & Proc Technol, Cudahy, WI USA. PCC, Wyman Gordon Div, N Grafton, MA 01536 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1801 EP 1811 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0156-0 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 450YK UT WOS:000169772300021 ER PT J AU Fagin, PN Brown, JO Brown, TM Jata, KV Semiatin, SL AF Fagin, PN Brown, JO Brown, TM Jata, KV Semiatin, SL TI Failure modes during equal channel angular extrusion of aluminum alloy 2024 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fagin, PN (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1869 EP 1871 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0165-z PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 450YK UT WOS:000169772300030 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR AF Semiatin, SL Bieler, TR TI Effect of texture changes on flow softening during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM ALLOYS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1871 EP 1875 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0166-y PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 450YK UT WOS:000169772300031 ER PT J AU Brown, AE Dolan, MJ Michael, NL Zhou, S Perfetto, SP Hawkes, C Robb, M Lane, J Mayers, D McNeil, JG Malone, JD Garner, R Birx, DL AF Brown, AE Dolan, MJ Michael, NL Zhou, S Perfetto, SP Hawkes, C Robb, M Lane, J Mayers, D McNeil, JG Malone, JD Garner, R Birx, DL CA RGP160 Phase IIA Vaccine Invest TI Clinical prognosis of patients with early-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease: Contribution of HIV-1 RNA and T lymphocyte subset guantitation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTED PATIENTS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; PROGRESSION; PLASMA; SERUM; AIDS; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; PROGRAM; MARKERS AB Systems for the staging of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection were developed 15 years ago. Subsequently, assays for quantitating HIV-1 RNA and immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subsets have been developed and validated. The utility of these assays for improved staging in early disease was evaluated in 256 HIV-infected adults (52% minority) with CD4 counts greater than or equal to 400 cells/muL followed in U.S. military medical centers before the highly active anti-retroviral therapy era. HIV viral load (RNA) was quantitated; the frequencies of select CD4+ immunophenotypes were determined in 112 subjects. The results were analyzed in relation to three outcome measures: death, first acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining opportunistic infection, and CD4 count less than or equal to 200 cells/muL. Serum RNA level and CD4 count were each found to be predictive of all three outcomes. In addition, increases in the T-cell subsets CD28-CD4+ and CD29+CD26-CD4+ were found to be independently predictive of more rapid progression. The classification of early-stage HIV patients is improved by the quantitation of both viral RNA and T-lymphocyte subsets. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. SRA Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brown, AE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM brownae@thai.amedd.army.mil NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 571 EP 576 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200004 PM 11469026 ER PT J AU Ornstein, DL Hong-Dice, YG Papini, JR AF Ornstein, DL Hong-Dice, YG Papini, JR TI Low-molecular-weight heparins for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; ELECTIVE HIP-SURGERY; UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN; INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; ORTHOPEDIC-SURGERY; COMPRESSION STOCKINGS; ANTICOAGULANT-THERAPY; OUTPATIENT TREATMENT AB Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are rapidly becoming the anticoagulants of choice for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. LMWHs are at least as safe and effective as unfractionated heparin, and they have the added advantage of improved pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. The result is that LMWHs are easier to use, provide a more predictable anticoagulant effect, and do not require routine laboratory monitoring in most circumstances. Currently, the LMWHs ardeparin, dalteparin, danaparoid, enoxaparin, and tinzaparin have Food and Drug Administration-approved indications in the United States. This paper reviews the clinical use and cost-effectiveness of the LMWHs for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Flight, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. 3rd Med Grp, Elmendorf AFB, AK USA. RP Ornstein, DL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Flight, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 593 EP 601 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200010 PM 11469031 ER PT J AU Grayson, K Brustrom, JE AF Grayson, K Brustrom, JE TI Health survey reliability in an active duty population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; REPRODUCIBILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDITY AB We examined the reliability of data collected from the Health Enrollment Assessment Review (HEAR) survey, a self-report instrument administered by the Department of Defense styled after the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Survey responses from a convenience sample of active duty service members who completed a HEAR survey on two occasions were examined. We measured test-retest reliability by comparing individuals' responses to several of the survey items and compared HEAR reliability patterns with the reliability patterns of similar studies conducted with the BRFSS. The majority of estimates reflected fair to excellent reliability. We found substantial agreement between the results of this investigation and similar BRFSS studies. Our findings support the reliability of responses from the HEAR survey for active duty military members. Our results were generally consistent with those of other studies despite differences in survey administration, respondent characteristics, and privacy guarantees. C1 David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Grayson, K (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 632 EP 636 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200016 PM 11469037 ER PT J AU Schultz, C Dick, EJ Cox, AB Hubbard, GB Braak, E Braak, H AF Schultz, C Dick, EJ Cox, AB Hubbard, GB Braak, E Braak, H TI Expression of stress proteins alpha B-crystallin, ubiquitin, and hsp27 in pallido-nigral spheroids of aged rhesus monkeys SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE alpha B-crystallin; ubiquitin; heat shock proteins; nonhuman primates; iron; Parkinson's disease; spheroids; Hallervorden-Spatz disease; oxidative stress ID ARGYROPHILIC GRAIN DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; BALLOONED NEURONS; ROSENTHAL FIBERS; IRON; ACCUMULATION; PIGMENT; BODIES; BRAINS AB Ubiquitin and alpha B-crystallin belong to a class of proteins which are overexpressed in a variety of human neuropathological conditions associated with increased cellular stress. In this study we have examined the brains of aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 10, mean age: 39.7 years) using antibodies against the stress proteins ubiquitin, alpha B-crystallin. and heat shock protein 27 (hsp27). Here, we demonstrate an increased expression of ubiquitin, alpha B-crystallin, and hsp27 in spheroid bodies predominantly localized in the globus pallidus and pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. A portion of the pallido-nigral spheroids also contained ferric iron as highlighted by Perls' staining. On the basis of these findings we advance the hypothesis that expression of ubiquitin, alpha B-crystallin, and hsp27 in pallido-nigral spheroids of aged rhesus monkeys represents a stress response possibly related to increased iron-mediated oxidative stress. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Dept Anat, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Vet Sci Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Lab Anim Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Schultz, C (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Dept Anat, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(01)00229-9 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 453JF UT WOS:000169912200018 PM 11445268 ER PT J AU Finegold, LS von Gierke, HE Schomer, PD Berry, BF AF Finegold, LS von Gierke, HE Schomer, PD Berry, BF TI Proposal for monitoring worldwide noise exposure and assessing the effectiveness of noise exposure policies and noise control technologies SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTER-NOISE 99 Congress CY 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA AB It has been proposed that a standardized method be developed to assess the effectiveness of environmental and occupational noise control policies, regulations, and standards, as well as engineering noise control technologies, in controlling individual and group noise exposure. Development and implementation of the generic method presented here is both necessary and feasible in the near future, given sufficient international cooperation. The data that such a method would provide will be invaluable to politicians, the general public, and the engineering and scientific communities in planning strategies for managing noise exposure in the future. Additional benefits to the implementation of this data collection method would be that it would facilitate comparisons across countries and regional and international noise control policies. It will hopefully also result in the eventual development of an international georeferenced database of noise exposure, similar to efforts underway in other environmental areas, such as air quality. With the support of international organizations such as the World Health Organization, the International Institute of Noise Control Engineering, and the International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise, among others, it is possible for the generic method presented here to be developed in more detail and for data collection efforts to start in the near future. It is hoped that the use of this method will significantly improve our ability to assess the effectiveness of noise control programs and to better manage noise exposure in the future. (C) 2001 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Berry Environm Ltd, Shepperton TW17 0JZ, Surrey, England. RP Finegold, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENG PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206 ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 49 IS 4 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.3397/1.2839660 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 488XB UT WOS:000171961200011 ER PT J AU Agnes, GS Inman, DJ AF Agnes, GS Inman, DJ TI Performance of nonlinear vibration absorbers for multi-degrees-of-freedom systems using nonlinear normal modes SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE vibration absorber; nonlinear normal modes AB Linear vibration absorbers are a valuable tool used to suppress vibrations due to harmonic excitation in structural systems. While limited evaluation of the performance of nonlinear vibration absorbers for nonlinear structures exists in the literature for single mode structures, none exists for multi-mode structures. Consequently, nonlinear multiple-degrees-of-freedom structures are evaluated. The theory of nonlinear normal modes is extended to include consideration of modal damping, excitation and small linear coupling, allowing estimation of vibration absorber performance. The dynamics of the N + 1-degrees-of-freedom system are shown to reduce to those of a two-degrees-of-freedom system on a four-dimensional nonlinear modal manifold, thereby simplifying the analysis. Quantitative agreement is shown to require a higher-order model which is recommended for future investigation. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Tech, Ctr Intelligent Mat & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Agnes, GS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, 2950 P St Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 275 EP 292 DI 10.1023/A:1012975321224 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 496EV UT WOS:000172384000016 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE TI Numerical study of ultrashort laser pulse interactions with metal films SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE METHOD; MULTILAYER METALS; ABLATION; ELECTRON; DYNAMICS; EXCITATION AB A dual-hyperbolic two-step radiation heating model is presented to investigate ultrashort laser pulse interactions with metal films, This model extends Qiu and Tien's theory by including the effect of heat conduction in the lattice, In addition, the depth distribution of laser intensity is modified by adding the ballistic range to the optical penetration depth. The effects of temperature dependence of the thermophysical properties also are examined For comparison, the proposed model and the existing theories, the parabolic two-temperature model, Qiu and Tien's theory, and Fourier's law, are solved using a mesh-free particle method. Numerical analysis is performed with gold films; the results ave compared with experimental data of Qiu, Jubhasz, Suarez, Bron, and Tien, and Wellershoff; Hohlfeld, Gudde, and Matthais. It is shown that this current model predicts more accurate thermal response than the existing theories considered in this study. it is also found that the inclusion of the ballistic effect to the depth distribution of laser intensity significantly improves the melting threshold fluence prediction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), AFRL, DELE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 28 TC 152 Z9 164 U1 3 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7782 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 455ZN UT WOS:000170057800001 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Loredo, R Grayson, D AF Sanders, TG Loredo, R Grayson, D TI Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of patellofemoral instability SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE knee; magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography; patella ID LATERAL PATELLAR DISLOCATION; ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN; LIGAMENT INJURIES; NATURAL-HISTORY; MR; JOINT; DIAGNOSIS; CT; SUBLUXATION; TRACKING AB Malalignment and tracking abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint are common causes of anterior knee pain, which are often difficult to evaluate clinically. Conventional radiography, as well as the cross-sectional imaging modalities of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful tools for both detecting and quantifying these abnormalities. Acute transient dislocation of the patella, on the other hand, is a relatively uncommon injury accounting for only 2% to 3% of all acute injuries of the knee, and can also be a difficult diagnosis to establish on the basis of history and physical findings alone. MRI is a sensitive, noninvasive method for detecting prior acute transient dislocation of the patella. This article begins by describing the role of CT and MRI as it pertains to the detection of abnormal patellofemoral tracking. Both static and dynamic techniques are described along with the standard criteria used to establish and quantify patellofemoral malalignment abnormalities. Next, the constellation of MRI findings most commonly encountered after acute transient dislocation of the patella are described. These findings include a typical bone bruise pattern involving the anterolateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle and inferomedial patella, hemarthrosis, and injury to the medial soft-tissue restraints (especially the medial patellofemoral ligament). After transient dislocation of the patella, patients with significant osteochondral injury or disruption of the medial soft-tissue restraints may benefit from surgical repair. The role of MRI in preoperative planning is discussed as it relates to the detection of osteochondral injuries as well as injury to the medial soft-tissue restraints. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 9 IS 3 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1053/otsm.2001.25164 PG 12 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 461ZM UT WOS:000170393800007 ER PT J AU Shi, Z Yang, J Foshee, JJ Hartman, WB Tang, SN Chen, RT AF Shi, Z Yang, J Foshee, JJ Hartman, WB Tang, SN Chen, RT TI Photonics for time delay in communication systems SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE true-time delay; phased array antenna; signal cancellation; satellite communication; polymeric waveguide; photonic RF ID ARRAY AB The design of some communication systems requires the implementation of time delays within the system. These time delays can be accomplished with a variety of optics technologies, which could be readily fabricated and integrated into the communication system without significant impacts on the system design. We describe three different potential applications of optics designs, which could be implemented to accomplish the time delay requirements associated with communication systems. One application would be in Ku/Ka band phased array antennas, where the optics application provides the time delay to the various transmit/receive units in the phased array to accomplish beam forming and switching. Another application would be in an aircraft interference cancellation system. Yet another application would be in a satellite communication test system, where the propagation time to the satellite (for synchronous satellites a nominal 36,000 km) needs to be simulated for ground testing with the earth terminals. Optical modules could be used for some applications, and optics technologies have the potential to be used for a wide range of applications in communication systems. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Radiant Photon Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lightwaves 2020 Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Shi, Z (reprint author), Radiant Photon Inc, 1908 Kramer Lane,Bldg B, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1238 EP 1243 DI 10.1117/1.1372704 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 462UW UT WOS:000170439000018 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Cardimona, DA TI Effects of off-diagonal radiative-decay coupling on electron transitions in resonant double quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-STATE COHERENCE; POPULATION-INVERSION; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; INTERFERENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR; LASERS; DYNAMICS; FIELD AB Density-matrix equations for electrons in laser-coupled quantum wells are derived in second quantization, including an off-diagonal radiative-decay coupling between a pair of electron transitions. Calculations of spontaneous photoluminescence and time-resolved optical absorption for the probe field are formulated. The zero absorption of the pump-laser field within an overlapping region between two absorption peaks is found in a resonant asymmetric double-quantum-well system and explained as the quantum interference between two nearly degenerate electron transitions. Quantum interference is clearly demonstrated through phase cancellation between the two statistically averaged transition dipole moments. The laser frequency for zero absorption can be tuned within a tunneling gap by applying a small de bias field. The k(parallel to)-dependent energy-level separation is found to be a crucial factor for destroying quantum interference. The optical gain of the probe held is seen as a hole in the weak absorption peak for the resonant asymmetric double quantum wells selectively coupled by a laser field and shown to be a result of the partial inversion of the electron occupation probabilities in momentum space after laser excitation. The probe-field gain increases with the strength of the pump laser. The effects of transition blocking, induced quantum coherence, and off-diagonal radiative-decay coupling are quantitatively analyzed for this gain. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, 3550 Absentee Ave SE,Bldg 426, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2001 VL 64 IS 1 AR 013822 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 449XA UT WOS:000169711400129 ER PT J AU Johnson, EM Clarson, SJ Jiang, H Su, W Grant, JT Bunning, TJ AF Johnson, EM Clarson, SJ Jiang, H Su, W Grant, JT Bunning, TJ TI Plasma polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) barrier layers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE plasma polymerization; diffusion; poly(dimethylsiloxane) ID FILMS AB The number of applications employing polymeric optical materials is growing rapidly due to recent advances in telecommunications, display, and laser markets. For a number of these applications, organic dyes (chromophores) are added to the polymer host to add Linear or nonlinear optical properties to the system. In homogeneous systems, dye diffusion is not an issue; however in multiple stacks of polymer films with different dye concentrations or in films with a spatially varying dye concentration, diffusion becomes important. We report here on initial studies to control the diffusion of the dye, zinc octabromylporpyhrin (ZnOBP), doped in poly(dimethylsiloxane) films, from diffusing into other layers in multiple stack systems. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was utilized to deposit thin films (60-240 nm) of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) at the interface of two separate polymer layers, one with and one without ZnOBP. The diffusion of the chromophore to the outside surface of the undoped layer was examined with and without the plasma polymerized barrier layer. The thin but highly crosslinked interlayer is found to be an effective barrier to diffusion as measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to track bromine diffusion. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ,AFRL, Daton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ,AFRL, Bldg 651,3005 P St,Ste 1, Daton, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL PY 2001 VL 42 IS 16 BP 7215 EP 7219 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00142-2 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 432FZ UT WOS:000168682700058 ER PT J AU Rhodes, M AF Rhodes, M TI Slovakia after Meciar - A midterm report SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Article AB Meciar is out but not down. He will be able to exploit Slovakia's political and economic problems unless the West offers some concrete assistance. C1 US Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Rhodes, M (reprint author), US Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 48 IS 4 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 452WU UT WOS:000169883300001 ER PT J AU Silberberg, JM Vital, TL Brakel, SJ AF Silberberg, JM Vital, TL Brakel, SJ TI Breaking down barriers to mandated outpatient treatment for mentally ill offenders SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID JAIL DIVERSION PROGRAMS; NATIONAL SURVEY; COMMITMENT; PRISONS C1 Isaac Ray Ctr Inc, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Cermak Mentl Htlh Serv Cook Cty, Psychiat Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Partial Hosp Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Depaul Univ, Sch Law, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. RP Silberberg, JM (reprint author), 1725 W Harrison St,Suite 110, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 31 IS 7 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 451ZZ UT WOS:000169833800005 ER PT J AU Kintner, PM Kil, H Beach, TL de Paula, ER AF Kintner, PM Kil, H Beach, TL de Paula, ER TI Fading timescales associated with GPS signals and potential consequences SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; SCINTILLATIONS; IRREGULARITIES; MORPHOLOGY AB The effect of equatorial ionospheric scintillations on the operation of GPS receivers is investigated, with special attention given to the effect of scintillation timescales on the code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol used by GPS. We begin by examining the timescales of scintillation fades modeled as a horizontally drifting pattern whose timescales are determined by the Fresnel length and the drift speed. The model is tested by comparing the speed, determined by dividing the Fresnel length by the autocorrelation time (width), with the speed estimated using spaced receivers, and the two independent estimates of speed are shown to possess a linear relationship, Next we show that the scintillation pattern drift speed is given by the difference of the ionospheric drift and the speed of the GPS signal F region puncture point. When the ionosphere and GPS signal puncture point speeds match, the fade timescales lengthen. Additionally, if the fade depth is adequate, during periods of longer fade times the loss of receiver lock on GPS signals is more likely, as shown in several examples; that is, both larger fade depths and longer fade timescales are required to produce loss of tracking. We conclude by demonstrating that speed matching or resonance between the ionosphere and receiver is most likely when the receiver is moving from west to east at speeds of 40-100 m/s (144-360 km/h). This is in the range of typical aircraft speeds. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Aeron Div, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Kintner, PM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 302 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013; Kil, Hyosub/C-2577-2016 OI de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826; Kil, Hyosub/0000-0001-8288-6236 NR 22 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 36 IS 4 BP 731 EP 743 DI 10.1029/1999RS002310 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 456UX UT WOS:000170101600020 ER PT J AU Mayberry, CS Merrill, J Radzykewycz, D Reinhardt, K AF Mayberry, CS Merrill, J Radzykewycz, D Reinhardt, K TI Alkali metal thermal-to-electric converter development SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL IMPEDANCE; AMTEC ELECTRODES; TRANSPORT; KINETICS AB Initial impedance measurements of multi-BASE tube AMTEC cells have been accomplished. These measurements were based on theoretical analyses performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. These factors are derived from a plot of the apparent charge transfer resistance, R(act), as a function of the electrical potential across the beta alumina solid electrolyte. These include the morphology factor, G, the exchange current J(0)(,)(0) and alpha, the transfer coefficient. The factor G was given a value of 50 as a result of the inability of present equipment to achieve 1.6 V across a single electrolyte element. Average values for the temperature independent charge exchange factor, B, are also reported. These results were taken from cells with as few as 3300 h to as many as 12,000 h of operation. The results show that if the value for G is somewhat close to actual values, then J(0)(0) and a are much lower than those reported in previous literature, resulting in an increase in the charge transfer resistance. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mayberry, CS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM mayberry@plk.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 23 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 451 EP 461 DI 10.1016/S0960-1481(00)00150-6 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 415VQ UT WOS:000167744600013 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Eapen, KC Zabinski, JS AF Patton, ST Eapen, KC Zabinski, JS TI Effects of adsorbed water and sample aging in air on the mu N level adhesion force between Si(100) and silicon nitride SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE micro/nanoscale adhesion; microelectromechanical systems; adsorbed surface films ID HEAD-DISK INTERFACE; MICROMECHANICAL STRUCTURES; SURFACE; FRICTION; CARBON; ADSORPTION; STICTION; FILMS AB The microscale adhesion force of single crystal silicon (100) to silicon nitride was studied using a newly developed micro/nanoadhesion measurement apparatus. The effect of water adsorption on adhesion between clean surfaces and surfaces aged in air was determined. During experiments, varying relative humidity (RH) controlled water adsorption. Clean and aged samples showed measurably changed water adsorption and adhesion above 60% RH only, and aged samples showed more water adsorption and adhesion than clean ones above 90% RH. A contaminant film grew to a saturated thickness of about 6 Angstrom over 50 days of aging, and the film changed surface chemistry which resulted in higher contact angle. The contaminated surface with higher contact angle exhibited more affinity for water and microadhesion on the molecular scale, which is contrary to the common interpretation of contact angle data. The divergence of water adsorption and adhesion force behavior between clean and aged samples above 90% RH may indicate that the Kelvin radius became comparable to a characteristic length on the contaminated surface at high RH. A molecular model is proposed in which the contaminant film provides porosity, which allows capillary condensation and the growth of a multilayer water film. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 34 IS 7 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1016/S0301-679X(01)00047-0 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 468JW UT WOS:000170755200007 ER PT J AU Gettman, MT Bishoff, JT Su, LM Chan, D Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW Cadeddu, JA AF Gettman, MT Bishoff, JT Su, LM Chan, D Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW Cadeddu, JA TI Hemostatic laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: Initial experience with the radiofrequency coagulation-assisted technique SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEPHRON-SPARING SURGERY; ABLATION; PORCINE; KIDNEY; MODEL AB Objectives. The techniques for hemostasis after renal tumor excision have limited the widespread application of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). To improve hemostasis and aid visualization, we report our experience with a novel radiofrequency coagulation (RFC) technique for LPN. Methods. Ten patients underwent RFC-assisted LPN. The demographic and perioperative data were tabulated. Patients were positioned as for laparoscopic nephrectomy, and laparoscopic ports were placed. The kidney within Gerota's fascia was mobilized, and the fat overlying the tumor was carefully removed for pathologic evaluation. Under laparoscopic guidance, a radiofrequency probe was percutaneously inserted into the lesion and deployed to coagulate the lesion and a margin of normal parenchyma. Laparoscopic scissors were used to excise the lesion; additional hemostatic maneuvers were used selectively. Results. The mean renal tumor size was 2.1 cm (range 1.0 to 3.2). The median operative time was 170 minutes and the median blood loss was 125 mL. The RFC technique resulted in complete tissue coagulation within the treated volume, thereby facilitating intraoperative visualization, minimizing blood loss, and permitting rapid and controlled tumor resection. The renal architecture was preserved, allowing accurate diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma in 9 and 1 cases, respectively. No perioperative complications occurred. Conclusions. The use of RFC is an effective method to facilitate LPN of both exophytic and endophytic masses. By coagulating a margin of normal parenchyma, the technique minimizes blood loss and improves visualization during LPN. We anticipate this technique will broaden the clinical application for LPN. UROLOGY 58: 8-11, 2001. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Ctr, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cadeddu, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JUL PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01086-X PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 452CC UT WOS:000169838700002 PM 11445470 ER PT J AU Gunawarman Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Eylon, D Fujishiro, S Ouchi, C AF Gunawarman Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Eylon, D Fujishiro, S Ouchi, C TI Fracture characteristics and microstructural factors in single and duplex annealed Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE fracture characteristics; fracture toughness; microstructural factors; single-annealing; duplex-annealing; Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; TOUGHNESS; PROPAGATION AB The influence of microstructure on fracture toughness of single and duplex annealed Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe alloys was investigated. For the single-annealing treatment between 1103 and 1173 K for 3.6 ks, fracture toughness, J(IC), decreases first with the increase of annealing temperature from 1103 to 1123 K and then increases with increasing annealing temperature upto 1173 I L As a result, there is a minimum of fracture toughness at 1123 K. This anomalous relation between fracture toughness and annealing temperature also exists in the duplex-annealed specimens at 933 K for 3.6 ks followed by the above single-annealing treatment. Examining the change of J(IC) and microstructure with annealing temperature, it can be found that J(IC) is related to volume fraction, aspect ratio and grain size of primary alpha phase, width of acicular alpha phase and prior beta grain size. The decrease of fracture toughness in the temperature rang from 1103 to 1123 K is mainly due to the decrease of volume fraction of primary alpha phase, while the increase of fracture toughness above 1123 K is mainly caused by the increase of prior beta grain size. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Met, Mat & Proc Res Ctr,Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Gunawarman (reprint author), Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,Tempaku Cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. RI Niinomi, Mitsuo/B-5965-2011 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2001 VL 308 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 224 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 429FQ UT WOS:000168505700026 ER PT J AU Adams, SF DeJoseph, CA Carter, CC Miller, TA Williamson, JM AF Adams, SF DeJoseph, CA Carter, CC Miller, TA Williamson, JM TI Kinetics of atomic nitrogen photofragment produced by laser photodissociation of N2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ALIGNMENT; SPECTRA AB The kinetics of ground-state atomic nitrogen photofragments produced by laser photodissociation of nitrous oxide have been investigated using two-photon LIF. A single 207 nm laser pulse was used for both N2O photolysis and N atom two-photon LIF. The dependency of the LIF signal with laser power indicated that the observed N atom fragment was produced by N2O dissociation via single-photon absorption. Effects of translational energy of the N atom fragment were detected in collisional quenching rates of the two-photon excited N atom (3p)S-4 state as observed in the decay lifetime of the induced fluorescence. The mean translational kinetic energy of the N atom fragment was determined to be 0.6 +/- 0.2 eV from the quenching data. An analysis of the Doppler broadened absorption line shape of the recoiling atomic nitrogen confirmed the mean kinetic energy and further presented a model speed distribution and anisotropy parameter that was consistent with the line shape data. The NO translational and internal energies of 0.3 +/- 0.1 eV and 0.2 +/- 0.1 eV, respectively, were also assigned by momentum and energy conservation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Laser Spect Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Miller, Terry/F-6607-2014 OI Miller, Terry/0000-0003-0731-8006 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 28 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 25 BP 5977 EP 5983 DI 10.1021/jp0039058 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 446VJ UT WOS:000169534600003 ER PT J AU Hwang, ES Lipson, JB Field, RW Dodd, JA AF Hwang, ES Lipson, JB Field, RW Dodd, JA TI Detection of OH(X,v '',J '') via the B (2)Sigma(+)-X (2)Pi transition and properties of the B (2)Sigma(+) state SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED OH; MOLECULAR-CONSTANTS; GROUND-STATE; PREDISSOCIATION RATES; COLLISION DYNAMICS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SYSTEM; CHI-2-PI; REMOVAL AB A number of OH B(2)Sigma (+)-X(2)Pi vibration-rotation spectra have been obtained using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Vibrationally excited OH(X,v " = 6-9) was formed through the reaction of H with O-3. and the v ", J " -dependent populations were characterized through synthetic spectral fitting of the B-X 0-v " spectral data. The populations have been partially relaxed by collisions in the source region. The OH(B-X) 0-v " relative band intensities have been determined and agree with previous theoretical values. Several OH(B,v " = 0) J ' -dependent collision-free lifetimes have been measured; the lifetimes decrease rapidly with J '. The B (2)Sigma (+) state is weakly predissociated through a combination of spin-orbit and L-uncoupling ("gyroscopic") perturbation interactions with the nearby 2 (2)Pi state. Although the OH B-X LIF technique cannot be used to monitor high rotational levels, it is well-suited for detecting the populations of high vibrational levels of the X (2)Pi state because of favorable Franck-Condon overlap. it also allows for operation at much lower reactant densities than is possible using the less sensitive OH chemiluminescence detection technique, mitigating the risk of unforeseen chemistry from metastable-metaslable reactions. These results should add confidence in deriving accurate OH X (2)Pi v " ,J " -dependent populations from B-X spectra. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dodd, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 28 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 25 BP 6030 EP 6037 DI 10.1021/jp010088i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 446VJ UT WOS:000169534600011 ER PT J AU Ridker, PM Rifai, N Clearfield, M Downs, JR Weis, SE Miles, JS Gotto, AM AF Ridker, PM Rifai, N Clearfield, M Downs, JR Weis, SE Miles, JS Gotto, AM CA Air Force Texas Coronary Atheroscl TI Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; HEART-DISEASE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS PREVENTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK; INFLAMMATION; MEN; PRAVASTATIN AB Background: Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, even in the absence of hyperlipidemia, are associated with an increased risk of coronary events. Statin therapy reduces the level of C-reactive protein independently of its effect on lipid levels. We hypothesized that statins might prevent coronary events in persons with elevated C-reactive protein levels who did not have overt hyperlipidemia. Methods: The level of C-reactive protein was measured at base line and after one year in 5742 participants in a five-year randomized trial of lovastatin for the primary prevention of acute coronary events. Results: The rates of coronary events increased significantly with increases in the base-line levels of C-reactive protein. Lovastatin therapy reduced the C-reactive protein level by 14.8 percent (P<0.001), an effect not explained by lovastatin-induced changes in the lipid profile. As expected, lovastatin was effective in preventing coronary events in participants whose base-line ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was higher than the median ratio, regardless of the level of C-reactive protein (number needed to treat for five years to prevent 1 event, 47; P=0.005). However, lovastatin was also effective among those with a ratio of total to HDL cholesterol that was lower than the median and a C-reactive protein level higher than the median (number needed to treat, 43; P=0.02). In contrast, lovastatin was ineffective among participants with a ratio of total to HDL cholesterol and a C-reactive protein level that were both lower than the median (number needed to treat, 983; P=0.87). Conclusions: Statin therapy may be effective in the primary prevention of coronary events among persons with relatively low lipid levels but with elevated levels of C-reactive protein. (N Engl J Med 2001;344:1959-65.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Ridker, PM (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58755] NR 27 TC 1027 Z9 1080 U1 1 U2 19 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 28 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 26 BP 1959 EP 1965 DI 10.1056/NEJM200106283442601 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 446HQ UT WOS:000169508200001 PM 11430324 ER PT J AU Lavine, BK Brzozowski, D Moores, AJ Davidson, CE Mayfield, HT AF Lavine, BK Brzozowski, D Moores, AJ Davidson, CE Mayfield, HT TI Genetic algorithm for fuel spill identification SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE fuel spill identification; genetic algorithm; pattern recognition analysis; feature selection; machine learning; fingerprint data ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES; SPEED GAS CHROMATOGRAMS AB Gas chromatography is frequently used to fingerprint fuel spills, with the gas chromatograms of the spill sample and the different candidate fuels compared visually in order to seek a best match. However, visual analysis of gas chromatograms is subjective and is not always persuasive in a court of law. Pattern recognition methods offer a better approach to the problem of matching gas chromatograms of weathered fuels. Pattern recognition methods involve less subjectivity in the interpretation of the data and are capable of identifying fingerprint patterns within gas chromatographic (GC) data characteristic of fuel-type, even if the fuel samples comprising the training set have been subjected to a variety of conditions. In this paper, We report on the development of a genetic algorithm (GA) for pattern recognition analysis of GC fuel spill data. The pattern recognition GA incorporates aspects of artificial intelligence and evolutionary computations to yield a "smart" one-pass procedure for feature selection. Its efficacy is demonstrated by way of two studies recently completed in our laboratory on fuel spill identification. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. AL EQ, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Lavine, BK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM bklab@clarkson.edu NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 27 PY 2001 VL 437 IS 2 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00946-1 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 448TL UT WOS:000169646000008 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Pachter, R TI Ground state electronic structures and spectra of zinc complexes of porphyrin, tetraazaporphyrin, tetrabenzoporphyrin, and phthalocyanine: A density functional theory study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; EXCITED-STATES; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; METAL PHTHALOCYANINES; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB Density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations were carried out to predict the structures and ground-state spectra for zinc complexes of porphyrin (ZnP), tetraazaporphyrin (ZnTAP), tetrabenzoporphyrin (ZnTBP), and phthalocyanine (ZnPc). All four porphyrins are found to have stable D-4h structures. Structurally, meso-tetraaza substitutions significantly reduce the central hole in ZnTAP and ZnPc compared to ZnP. The excitation energies and oscillator strengths, computed by time-dependent DFT, provide a good account of the observed spectra of all four compounds. The TDDFT spectrum of ZnPc has a number of bands in the Soret region, in agreement with the experimental spectra that have been determined through spectral deconvolution. The low energy n --> pi* transition (Q') reported for ZnPc, however, was not found in the computed spectrum. The effects of meso-tetraaza substitutions and tetrabenzo annulations on the spectrum of ZnP are discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 78 TC 182 Z9 184 U1 5 U2 71 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 24 BP 10757 EP 10767 DI 10.1063/1.1370064 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 441HL UT WOS:000169224900025 ER PT J AU Rhoadarmer, TA Angel, JRP AF Rhoadarmer, TA Angel, JRP TI Low-cost, broadband static phase plate for generating atmosphericlike turbulence SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM; SIMULATION; TELESCOPE; LENGTH; LIGHT AB Over the past decade adaptive optics (AO) has proved its worth as AO systems have been used successfully on several telescopes to improve image resolution. As scientists and engineers push the technological state of the art in an effort to make bigger, faster, and better systems, it has become more and more important to test and verify; the operation of these systems in a controlled laboratory setting. To perform full-system tests in the presence of atmospheric turbulence, some sort of turbulence generator is needed. We describe a simple, low-cost approach to making static phase plates that generate atmospheric-like wave-front aberrations. These plates have several advantages over traditional heated-air turbulence generators and, as such, are better suited for well-controlled, detailed testing of an AO system. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Ctr Astron Adapt Opt, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM troy.rhoadarmer@kirtland.af.mil; rangel@as.arizona.edu NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 18 BP 2946 EP 2955 DI 10.1364/AO.40.002946 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 442ZP UT WOS:000169315100002 PM 18357312 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Fell, NF Pan, YL Bottiger, J Bronk, BV Holler, S Chang, RK AF Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Fell, NF Pan, YL Bottiger, J Bronk, BV Holler, S Chang, RK TI Fluorescence from airborne microparticles: dependence on size, concentration of fluorophores, and illumination intensity SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION RATES; BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL PROCESSES; UV FLUORESCENCE; MICRODROPLETS; SCATTERING; RESONANCES; MOLECULES AB We measured fluorescence from spherical water droplets containing tryptophan and from aggregates of bacterial cells and compared these measurements with calculations of fluorescence of dielectric spheres. The measured dependence of fluorescence on size, from both droplets and dry-particle aggregates of bacteria, is proportional to the absorption cross section calculated for homogeneous spheres containing the appropriate percentage of tryptophan. However, as the tryptophan concentration of the water droplets is increased, the measured fluorescence from droplets increases less than predicted, probably because of concentration quenching. We model the dependence of the fluorescence on input intensity by assuming that the average time between fluorescence emission events is the sum of the fluorescence lifetime and the excitation lifetime (the average time it takes for an illuminated molecule to be excited), which we calculated assuming that the intensity inside the particle is uniform. Even though the intensity inside the particles spatially varies, this assumption of uniform intensity still leads to results consistent with the measured intensity dependence. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shill@arl.mil NR 49 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 18 BP 3005 EP 3013 DI 10.1364/AO.40.003005 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 442ZP UT WOS:000169315100008 PM 18357318 ER PT J AU Elmer, KB George, RM AF Elmer, KB George, RM TI HAIR-AN syndrome: A multisystem challenge SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; WOMENS HEALTH; HYPERANDROGENISM; HYPERINSULINEMIA; DISORDERS; ANDROGENS AB HAIR-AN syndrome is an acronym for an unusual multisystem disorder in women that consists of hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR) and acanthosis nigricans (AN). The precipitating abnormality is thought to be insulin resistance, with a secondary increase in insulin levels and subsequent overproduction of androgens in the ovaries. Long periods of hyperinsulinism and, some suspect, hyperandrogenism can result in the cutaneous manifestation of acanthosis nigricans. Patients are often concerned about the physical manifestations of this disorder, including virilization and acanthosis nigricans, and may be less aware of systemic problems. Physicians should assess women with these problems for an underlying endocrine abnormality. Although a treatment regimen for the HAIR-AN syndrome has not been established, antiandrogen therapy and weight loss are useful. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elmer, KB (reprint author), 107 Rimdale, Universal City, TX 78148 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2385 EP 2390 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 445BH UT WOS:000169437900007 PM 11430453 ER PT J AU Amer, MS Maguire, J Cai, L Biggers, R Busbee, J LeClair, SR AF Amer, MS Maguire, J Cai, L Biggers, R Busbee, J LeClair, SR TI Local grain orientation and strain in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-delta superconductor thin films measured by Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN VACANCIES; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; GROWTH AB We report direct measurements of local grain orientation and residual strain in polycrystalline, C-axis oriented thin YBa2Cu3O7-delta superconducting films using polarized Raman spectroscopy. Strain dependence of the A(g) Raman active mode at 335 cm(-1) was calibrated and used to measure local strain in the films. Our data showed that high quality films are associated with the connected path of uniform grain orientation (single crystal-like) across the film and uniform residual strain in the range of -0.3%. Nonuniform grain orientation or high angle grain boundaries and nonuniform local strains were associated with low quality films. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM maher.amer@wright.edu RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 12 BP 8030 EP 8034 DI 10.1063/1.1371946 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440PM UT WOS:000169183500055 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Scanlon, LG Spry, RJ AF Kumar, B Scanlon, LG Spry, RJ TI On the origin of conductivity enhancement in polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE composite; electrolyte; ionic conductivity; dielectric constant; dipoles ID BATTERIES AB This paper analyzes thermal history dependent conductivity data of a PEO:LiBF4-TiO2 (20 wt.%) electrolyte to understand the origin of conductivity enhancement in polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes. The polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes are proposed to comprise of an assemblage of molecular dipoles whose orientations are dependent upon temperature, prior thermal history, and electric field. One of the major factors contributing to the conductivity is the orientation of these dipoles. Oriented dipoles augment conductivity; however, thermal energy at higher temperatures tends to randomize their orientation. A specimen cooled rapidly from high temperature exhibits low conductivity, and if held isothermally its conductivity increases with time. The conductivity enhancement has been attributed to the ordering of dipole moments. A reduction in conductivity as a function of time may also be observed in these electrolytes, which is attributed to crystallization of the polymer phase. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk,KL 501, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 14 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 96 IS 2 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00665-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 442DZ UT WOS:000169271100008 ER PT J AU Spowart, JE Maruyama, B Miracle, DB AF Spowart, JE Maruyama, B Miracle, DB TI Multi-scale characterization of spatially heterogeneous systems: implications for discontinuously reinforced metal-matrix composite microstructures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE spatial distribution; homogeneous length scale; discontinuously reinforced aluminum ID VOLUME FRACTION FLUCTUATIONS; FATIGUE CRACK-GROWTH; PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION; ALLOY COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; RESISTANCE; MEDIA; SIZE AB A new multi-scale technique is presented For characterizing the spatial distribution of second-phase particles in two-dimensional distributed multi-phase systems. The implications for the characterization of reinforcement distributions in discontinuously reinforced metallic matrix composite microstructures are discussed, along with results of the analysis both for simulated and experimental discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) materials. A systematic variation in the degree of spatial heterogeneity is observed with increasing length scale. This result leads to the definition of the parameter L-H or homogeneous length scale. The relevance of L-H measured for a real DRA microstructure is then discussed in the context of statistical variations in mechanical propel ties such as tensile strength, ductility, and fracture toughness. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 50 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 307 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01962-6 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 428HX UT WOS:000168457200007 ER PT J AU Haaland, PD Jiao, CQ Garscadden, A AF Haaland, PD Jiao, CQ Garscadden, A TI Ionization of NF3 by electron impact SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS AB The ionization and dissociative ionization of NF3 by electron impact has been measured by Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). The total ionization cross-section rises to a maximum value of 2.4 +/- 0.4 x 10(-16) cm(2) at 140 eV. Estimates of the total single ionization cross-section using ab initio energies with the binary encounter Bethe (BEB) [Y.K. Kim, M.E. Rudd, Phys. Rev. A 50 (1994) 3594] or Deutsch-Mark [Int. J. Mass Spec. 197 (2000) 37] models are roughly twice the measured values. The partial cross-sections creating NFx+ (x = 0, 1, 2, 3), F+, and NFx2+ (x = 1, 2, 3) are reported. Differences between the FTMS results and quadrupole data and fast atom beam results of Tarnovsky et al. [Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 133 (1994) 175] are discussed. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haaland, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mobium Enterprises, 518 W Linden St, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2001 VL 340 IS 5-6 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00450-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 443ZQ UT WOS:000169373800014 ER PT J AU Guo, XG Longnecker, MP Michalek, JE AF Guo, XG Longnecker, MP Michalek, JE TI Relation of serum tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration to diet among veterans in the Air Force Health Study with background-level exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; UNITED-STATES; REPRODUCIBILITY; DIBENZOFURANS; VALIDITY; SAMPLES; VIETNAM; PCBS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB To examine the contribution of various foods to exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin (TCDD) in a background-exposed U.S. population, serum TCDD levels were examined in relation to diet as assessed by a standard diet assessment instrument among men with no known unusual exposure to TCDD. Our subjects were male veterans aged 42-76 yr who were in the unexposed comparison group in the Air Force Health Study, a study of the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange and herbicides in Vietnam. Food consumption was assessed by a 126-item food frequency questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety veterans who had both TCDD levels and diet assessed in 1992 were included. In general, associations between serum TCDD and consumption of foods in specific groups or nutrients, that is, meats and fats, were not evident. Among younger men, fish and chicken intake were associated with higher serum TCDD levels. The results suggest that no single rood group accounts for a large proportion of variation in TCDD exposure in older U.S. men. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Stat & Publ Hlth Res Div, Durham, NC USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233 MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD JUN 8 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1080/15287390151101501 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 439MU UT WOS:000169121300001 PM 11405413 ER PT J AU Stevens, WG McLaughlin, DJ Sowa, MJ Weijers, B Zhang, X AF Stevens, WG McLaughlin, DJ Sowa, MJ Weijers, B Zhang, X TI Bistatic scattering behaviour of forested hills at grazing incidence SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADAR; CLUTTER; ANGLE AB Bistatic radar clutter levels from forested hills are presented. Measurements were made using copolarised transmitter and receiver antennas at vertical and horizontal polarisations viewing hilly terrain at depression angles between 0.5 and 2.0 degrees. Observed clutter levels are 10-20 dB higher than similar results obtained at lower depression angles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Stevens, WG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 12 BP 783 EP 784 DI 10.1049/el:20010511 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 444ZX UT WOS:000169433400038 ER PT J AU Hale, TB Temple, MA Wicks, MC AF Hale, TB Temple, MA Wicks, MC TI Clutter suppression using elevation interferometry fused with space-time adaptive processing SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques characteristically offer adaptivity in Doppler and azimuth. This research extends STAP concepts by incorporating elevation adaptivity using a two channel vertical interferometer. Using multi-stage processing and measured airborne radar data, clutter suppression improvement of 15dB is achieved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Hale, TB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Todd.Hale@afit.edu NR 3 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 12 BP 793 EP 794 DI 10.1049/el:20010494 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 444ZX UT WOS:000169433400045 ER PT J AU Boyan, BD Lohmann, CH Sisk, M Liu, Y Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Dean, DD Schwartz, Z AF Boyan, BD Lohmann, CH Sisk, M Liu, Y Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Dean, DD Schwartz, Z TI Both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mediate osteoblast response to titanium surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE osteoblasts; cyclooxygenase; titanium, surface roughness; differentiation; local factors ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2; RAT CALVARIAL OSTEOBLASTS; ACID-ETCHED SURFACE; CELLS IN-VITRO; PROSTAGLANDINS MEDIATE; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; PLATE CHONDROCYTES AB Previous studies suggest that the enhanced expression of the osteoblastic phenotype exhibited by MG63 osteoblast-like cells on rough Ti surfaces (R-a 4-5 mum) involves increased production of prostaglandin. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin blocks surface-roughness-dependent decreases in cell proliferation and increases in alkaline phosphatase activity and the production of osteocalcin and TGF-beta1. This study examined the hypothesis that the increase in expression of the osteoblastic phenotype noted in MG63 cells cultured on rough Ti surfaces is mediated by inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) whereas Cox-1 modulates prostaglandin production and phenotypic expression of the cells under standard conditions and on smooth Ti surfaces. MG63 cells were cultured on tissue culture plastic, smooth Ti (PT, R-a = 0.60 mum), and two rough Ti surfaces with differing morphologies (SLA, R-a = 3.97 mum and TPS, R-a = 5.21 mum). At 24 h after plating, media were replaced with media containing the general Cox inhibitor indomethacin (10(-7) M), the Cox-1 inhibitor resveratrol (1 or 10 muM), or the Cox-2 inhibitor NS-398 (1 or 10 muM). Media were changed again after 48 h. Five days after plating, osteocalcin, PGE(2), and TGF-beta1 content of the conditioned media were determined. Cell numbers were assessed in the same cultures used for determination of osteocalcin production. Cell laver protein and alkaline phosphatase specific activity were assessed in cultures used to measure PGE(2) and TGF-beta1. Indomethacin, resveratrol, and NS-398 had no effect on cell number. Indomethacin blocked the surface-roughness-dependent increase in PGE(2) production by up to 80%. Similarly, resveratrol inhibited up to 50% of the PGE(2) production on smooth surfaces and up to 80% on rough surfaces. In contrast, NS-398 had no effect on PGE(2) production by cells on smooth surfaces but caused a 60% reduction in cultures on rough surfaces. Indomethacin reduced alkaline phosphatase on all surfaces below basal levels. However, neither resveratrol nor NS-398 had an effect. Indomethacin blocked the stimulatory effect of surface roughness on osteocalcin production while resveratrol only partially reduced osteocalcin production, and NS398 completely blocked the surface-dependent increase. TGF-beta1 production on rough surfaces was blocked by indomethacin. The effects of resveratrol and NS-398 were dose dependent, but neither agent caused total inhibition of the increase noted on SLA, and only resveratrol blocked the increase on TPS. These results indicate that both Cox-1 and Cox-2 are involved in the response of osteoblasts to surface roughness with respect to production of PGE(2), TGF-beta1, and osteocalcin. While prostaglandin mediates the effects of surface roughness on alkaline phosphatase, neither Cox-1 nor Cox-2 appears to be involved, at least with respect to the two inhibitors used. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Gottingen, Dept Orthopaed, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-4512-9065 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-05937] NR 59 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD JUN 5 PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1002/1097-4636(20010605)55:3<350::AID-JBM1023>3.0.CO;2-M PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 414QG UT WOS:000167677200011 PM 11255188 ER PT J AU Peterson, P Gavrielides, A Sharma, MP AF Peterson, P Gavrielides, A Sharma, MP TI Extraction characteristics of a one dimensional Talbot cavity with stochastic propagation phase SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER DIODES; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; ARRAYS; LOCKING AB We study the near- and far-fields of a linear array of fiber lasers in an external Talbot cavity. Each emitter has a random optical path difference (OPD) phase due to length and dispersion differences. The individual emitter fields are described by forward and reverse differential equations in the Rigrod approximation with the Talbot cavity coupling all emitters through boundary conditions. We analytically determine the effect of the rms phase on the increase in the threshold, the decrease in the emitter amplitude, and the decrease in the far-field intensity. These results are confirmed numerically by using a Monte Carlo technique or the phase. This leads to a locking probability, a coherence unction, and the on-axis intensity as unctions of the rms phase. Another issue which we investigate is the cavity performance or inter-cavity and external cavity phasing and nd the latter preferable. We also determine the strong coupling limit for the fill actor. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol,AFRL DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Peterson, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol,AFRL DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 4 PY 2001 VL 8 IS 12 BP 670 EP 681 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 439TK UT WOS:000169133500005 PM 19421257 ER PT J AU Shang, JS Hayes, J Wurtzler, K Strang, W AF Shang, JS Hayes, J Wurtzler, K Strang, W TI Jet-spike bifurcation in high-speed flows SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In recent plasma injection experiments, counterflow jet interaction has been identified as one of the mechanisms that significantly reduces the drag. There is a sudden change of the dynamic state from an oscillatory to nearly steady motion of this jet-shock interaction which depends on the relative magnitude of injection and the stagnation pressure. The shock-wave bifurcation associated with a counterflow jet from a hemispherical cylinder is investigated by a side-by-side experimental and computational effort. Shock-wave bifurcation has been discovered by the present experiments over the entire range of tested conditions in the Mach 6 wind tunnel. This oscillatory motion is sustained by the upstream propagation of selectively amplified frequencies from the free-shear layer to the Mach disk through the embedded subsonic domain. The breakdown of this feedback loop occurs when a higher injecting jet pressure creates a supersonic zone separating the interconnecting embedded subsonic domains. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Excellence Comp Simulat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Excellence Comp Simulat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1165 DI 10.2514/2.1430 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 439UW UT WOS:000169136800021 ER PT J AU Kersgard, C Osswald, MB AF Kersgard, C Osswald, MB TI Primary breast lymphoma and bone marrow transplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Kersgard, C (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD JUN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 3 BP 320 EP 321 DI 10.1097/00000421-200106000-00025 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 441WP UT WOS:000169252800025 PM 11404511 ER PT J AU Cina, SJ Brown, DK Smialek, JE Collins, KA AF Cina, SJ Brown, DK Smialek, JE Collins, KA TI A rapid postmortem cardiac troponin T assay - Laboratory evidence of sudden cardiac death SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE troponin T; heart; sudden death; autopsy; assay ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; RISK STRATIFICATION; UNSTABLE ANGINA; BEDSIDE ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS AB Postmortem examination may be useful in establishing the cause of sudden unexpected death. In many instances, however, limitations of staffing, budget, and time may force the pathologist to triage cases to external examination rather than autopsy. A rapid assay for cardiac troponin T (cTnT) to document suspected cardiac-related deaths may optimize the use of the time and resources of the autopsy pathologist. Peripheral blood was sampled percutaneously before each of 40 autopsies and placed in the well of the Cardiac T Rapid Assay unit in accordance with the included instructions, and the results were read after 15 minutes. The assay result, decedent age, postmortem interval, and evidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were tabulated and subsequently correlated with the cause of death. On final sign-out of each of the autopsies, the cause of death was determined to be cardiac-related (n = 20) versus the cause in noncardiac control subjects (n = 20). This determination was made while the investigators were blinded to the cTnT assay result. Of the 20 cardiac deaths, 17 (85%) showed positive results for cTnT compared with 6 (30%) false-positive results among the 20 control cases; this result was statistically significant according to the chi-square test. In the over-50 age group, the sensitivity of this assay in detecting cardiac-related death was 91%, with a specificity of 86%. Perimortem cardiopulmonary resuscitation did not appear to result in false-positive results. In the appropriate setting, this rapid assay for cTnT can provide valuable data supportive of a cardiac-related death. This inexpensive test may best be used in triaging sudden deaths in persons over 50 to external examination versus complete autopsy. C1 Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cina, SJ (reprint author), Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, 59 MDW-MTLP,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1097/00000433-200106000-00012 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 435QE UT WOS:000168891500012 PM 11394753 ER PT J AU Walter, AJ Hentz, JG Magtibay, PM Cornella, JL Magrina, JF AF Walter, AJ Hentz, JG Magtibay, PM Cornella, JL Magrina, JF TI Endometriosis: Correlation between histologic and visual findings at laparoscopy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Central-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 18-21, 2000 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Cent Assoc Obstetricians & Gynecologists DE endometriosis; histology; laparoscopy ID CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN; PERITONEAL ENDOMETRIOSIS; INFERTILE WOMEN; DIAGNOSIS AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to correlate the diagnosis of endometriosis on the basis of visualization at laparoscopy with the pathologic diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of 44 patients undergoing laparoscopy for the evaluation of chronic pelvic pain was carried out. All areas suggestive of endometriosis were excised and examined pathologically. Peritoneal biopsy specimens were obtained from areas of normal-appearing peritoneum to rule out microscopic endometriosis. All lesions were identified by anatomic site. Visual and histologic American Fertility Society scores were compared. The positive predictive value, sensitivity negative predictive value, and specificity were determined for visually identified endometriosis versus the histologic correlate. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of abnormalities visually consistent with endometriosis was 36%, with 18% confirmed histologically. The positive predictive value was 45%; sensitivity, 97%; negative predictive value, 99%; and specificity, 77%; for visual versus histologic diagnosis of endometriosis. Thirty-six percent of the diagnoses were downstaged on the basis of histologic findings. CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of endometriosis should be established only after histologic confirmation. C1 Mayo Clin Scottsdale, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Mayo Clin Scottsdale, Biostat Sect, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Walter, AJ (reprint author), 60 MDG SGCG 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 14 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 184 IS 7 BP 1407 EP 1413 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.115747 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 445VN UT WOS:000169479400015 PM 11408860 ER PT J AU McKenna, DS Samuels, P AF McKenna, DS Samuels, P TI Maternal effects of antenatal corticosteroid administration - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Dept Obstet & Gynecol, SGOG, Med Grp 74, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Columbus, OH 43120 USA. RP McKenna, DS (reprint author), Dept Obstet & Gynecol, SGOG, Med Grp 74, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RI Samuels, Philip/E-4011-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 184 IS 7 BP 1587 EP 1587 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 445VN UT WOS:000169479400050 ER PT J AU Chaiken, SR AF Chaiken, SR TI Strength and resistance to interference in practiced recognition: Memory retrieval abilities investigated through latent structure modeling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; WORKING-MEMORY; SKILL ACQUISITION; ACTIVATION; SPEED; TERM; DETERMINANTS; AUTOMATICITY; KNOWLEDGE; ACCURACY AB Participants (N = 811) practiced paired-associate recognition with and without an interference manipulation and then practiced a pattern recognition skill in which patterns discriminated had features in common. Structure models of the covariances in task reaction times indicated two factors or abilities. The first was a baseline factor, hypothesized to include the ability to strengthen traces and other abilities common to all tasks. The second was a resistance-to-interference factor, or the ability to quickly retrieve associations with elements in common with nonretrieved associations. Further modeling on a subset of the sample (n = 434) showed the baseline factor to reflect a memory strength ability independent of other confounding abilities (e.g., motor, reading abilities). Both memory abilities are discussed broadly with respect to cognitive skill acquisition, controlled versus automatic processing, and activation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Chaiken, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1325 S OAK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA SN 0002-9556 J9 AM J PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Psychol. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 114 IS 2 BP 219 EP 257 DI 10.2307/1423516 PG 39 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 443VM UT WOS:000169362700004 PM 11430150 ER PT J AU Morrison, WB Sanders, TG Parsons, TW Penrod, BJ AF Morrison, WB Sanders, TG Parsons, TW Penrod, BJ TI Preoperative CT-guided hookwire needle localization of musculoskeletal lesions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCCULT BREAST-LESIONS; OSTEOID OSTEOMA; THORACOSCOPIC RESECTION; PULMONARY NODULES; EXPERIENCE; PLACEMENT C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP Morrison, WB (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 176 IS 6 BP 1531 EP 1533 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 436HF UT WOS:000168929900033 PM 11373227 ER PT J AU Kirkham, DM AF Kirkham, DM TI The rediscovery of America: Transatlantic crosscurrents in an age of revolution SO AMERICAN STUDIES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, USAF Academy, CO USA. RP Kirkham, DM (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAF Academy, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0883-105X J9 AM STUD INT JI Am. Stud. Int. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 446TZ UT WOS:000169531400017 ER PT J AU Hargus, WA Cappelli, MA AF Hargus, WA Cappelli, MA TI Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of velocity within a Hall discharge SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE SHIFTS; XE-II; XENON; BEAM AB The results of a study of laser-induced fluorescence velocimetry of neutral and singly ionized xenon in the plume and interior portions of the acceleration channel of a Hall thruster plasma discharge operating at powers ranging from 250 to 725 W are described. Axial ion and neutral velocity profiles for four discharge voltage conditions (100 V, 160 V, 200 V, 250 V) are measured as are radial ion velocity profiles in the near-field plume. Ion velocity measurements of axial velocity both inside and outside the thruster as well as radial velocity measurements outside the thruster are performed using laser-induced fluorescence with nonresonant signal detection on the xenon ion 5d[4](7/2)- 6p[3](5/2) excitation transition while monitoring the signal from the 6s[2](3/2)-6p[3](5/2) transition. Neutral axial velocity measurements are similarly performed in the interior of the Hall thruster using the 6s[3/2](2)(0)-6p[3/2](2) transition with resonance fluorescence collection. Optical access to the interior of the Hall thruster is provided by a l-mm-wide axial slot in the insulator outer wall. While the majority of the ion velocity measurements used partially saturated fluorescence to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, one radial trace of the ion transition was taken in the linear fluorescence region and yields a xenon ion translational temperature between 400 and 800 K at a location 13 mm into the plume. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Thermosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hargus, WA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Propuls Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93534 USA. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 961 EP 969 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 438EB UT WOS:000169039800011 ER PT J AU Belta, C Gu, GX Sparks, A Banda, S AF Belta, C Gu, GX Sparks, A Banda, S TI Rotating stall control for axial flow compressors SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IFAC World Congress CY JUL 05-09, 1999 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IFAC DE compressors; rotating stall; Hopf bifurcation; hysteresis loops ID BIFURCATION; STABILIZATION; FEEDBACK; SYSTEMS AB Rotating stall is a primary constraint for the performance of axial flow compressors. This paper establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for a feedback controller to locally stabilize the critical equilibrium of the uniform flow at the inception of rotating stall. The explicit condition obtained in this paper provides an effective synthesis tool for rotating stall control. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gu, GX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 921 EP 931 DI 10.1016/S0005-1098(01)00035-8 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 428ZT UT WOS:000168492100013 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Krause, KM Pilmanis, AA Fischer, MD Kannan, N AF Webb, JT Krause, KM Pilmanis, AA Fischer, MD Kannan, N TI The effect of exposure to 35,000 ft on incidence of altitude decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; DCS; VGE; emboli; decompression sickness; exercise; denitrogenation; preoxygenation; prebreathe AB Introduction: Exposure to 35,000 ft without preoxygenation (breathing 100% oxygen prior to decompression) can result in severe decompression sickness (DCS). Exercise while decompressed increases the incidence and severity of symptoms. Clarification of the level of activity vs, time to symptom onset is needed to refine recommendations for current operations requiring 35,000-it exposures. Currently, the U.S. Air Force limits these operations to 30 min following 75 min of preoxygenation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exercise intensity on DCS incidence and severity at 35,000 A. Methods: Following 75 or 30 min of ground-level preoxygenation, 54 male and 38 female subjects were exposed to 35,000 ft for 3 h while performing strenuous exercise, mild exercise, or seated rest. The subjects were monitored for venous gas emboli (VGE) with an echo-imaging system and observed for signs and symptoms of DCS. Results: Exposures involving strenuous and mild exercise resulted in higher incidence (p < 0.05) and earlier onset of symptoms (p < 0.05) of DCS than exposure at rest. Mild and strenuous exercise during exposure did not differ in incidence or rate of onset. Incidence at 30 min of exposure was 8% at rest and 23% while exercising. Conclusion: The results showed that current guidelines for 35,000-ft exposures keep DCS risk below 10% at rest. Exercise, even at mild levels, greatly increases the incidence and rate of onset of DCS. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEPR, San Antonio, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. Univ Texas, Div Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 436JU UT WOS:000168933400001 PM 11396555 ER PT J AU Howard, CM Riegler, JT Martin, JJ AF Howard, CM Riegler, JT Martin, JJ TI Light adaptation: Night vision goggle effect on cockpit instrument reading time SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE light adaptation; night vision devices; mesopic sensitivity; visual acuity; contrast sensitivity AB Background: Light adaptation to the intensified image provided by a night vision device may handicap pilots who have set cockpit instrument luminance too low. Methods: Under conditions simulating night flying, subjects adapted to an NVG image at 3 or 10 footlamberts (fL), then used a joystick to indicate the position of the horizon in an ADI illuminated by NVIS-campatible light at luminances 2 to 3.5 log units lower than the NVG image. Results: Response times increased no more than a few tenths of a second when the decrease in luminance was only 2 log units. Greater decreases produced correspondingly longer delays in response, reaching as much as 5.5 s for subjects in their twenties and 8-15 s for older subjects. Conclusions: While a decrease of more than 2 log units is not likely to occur under most operational conditions, it is certainly possible, and pilots should be aware that significant risk can be incurred by setting cockpit instruments to luminance levels below 0.03 fL. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Howard, CM (reprint author), L3 Commun, Link Simulat & Training Div, 6030 S Kent, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 529 EP 533 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 436JU UT WOS:000168933400004 PM 11396558 ER PT J AU Ritter, DC Perkins, JL AF Ritter, DC Perkins, JL TI Noise-induced hearing loss among US Air Force cryptolinguists SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE evaluation of hearing conservation programs; permanent threshold shift (PTS); noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); standard threshold shift (STS) ID CONSERVATION PROGRAMS AB Background: Occupational noise-induced hearing loss remains epidemic in the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and aircrew members continue to be affected. This study examines noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) observed among USAF cryptolinguists that is attributable to radio noise and attempts to determine whether the current USAF Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) adequately identifies NIHL. Methods: Audiograms from 120 ground-based cryptolinguists were examined. Comparisons were made between 1998 audiograms and either the reference audiogram or the enlistment audiogram. To determine HCP effectiveness, results were compared with the USAF standard of 3% or fewer permanent threshold shifts (PTS) per year. Results: Some 13.3% of the cryptolinguists experienced standard threshold shifts (STS) between their enlistment audiogram and their initial occupational (reference) audiogram; 9.2% experienced STS in 1998 as compared with their initial enlistment audiogram but only 6 of the 11 (54%) were detectable using the reference audiogram as the baseline. The frequency pattern of changes in hearing thresholds was characteristic for NIHL. Conclusions: The NIHL that occurs among cryptolinguists prior to performance of the reference audiogram, and the hearing threshold shifts that occur between the enlistment audiogram and the reference audiogram, may obscure future hearing loss in the population. The incidence of PTS appeared to exceed 3% when the enlistment audiogram was used. While this result was not significantly different from 3%, sample size limitations and data accuracy concerns warrant that this population be closely watched in the future. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ritter, DC (reprint author), USAF, SAM GE, 2602 W Gate Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 546 EP 552 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 436JU UT WOS:000168933400007 PM 11398819 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Mason, PA AF Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Mason, PA TI Regional distribution of Hsp70 in the CNS of young and old food-restricted rats following hyperthermia SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aging; brain; hyperthermia; microwave; radiofrequency radiation; stress proteins; thermoregulation ID SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1; CALORIC RESTRICTION; MESSENGER-RNA; HEAT-STRESS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; AGE; ACCUMULATION; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION AB We examined the effect of aging on the capacity of the brain to produce heat shock protein (Hsp70) in response to heat stress, using high-powered microwaves (HPM, 2.06 GHz, 2.2 W/cm(2)) to induce hyperthermia for periods so brief that thermoregulatory factors were functionally eliminated as confounding variables. Unanesthetized young (6 months) and old (25 months) male, food-restricted Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to HPM to induce a mean peak tympanic temperature (T-ty) of 42.2 degreesC within 30 s. T-ty returned to < 40.0 degreesC within 6 min post-exposure in both age groups. Rats were euthanized 6 or 24 h later for immunohistochemical determination of Hsp70 accumulation in 10 brain regions. HPM exposure induced significant increases in 7 of the 10 regions. There were no significant differences observed in the pattern or density of Hsp70 accumulation between the young and old rats at 6 h post-HPM exposure, with the exception of the medial vestibular nucleus, which demonstrated significantly greater Hsp70 accumulation in the old rats. There were significant differences between the age groups at 24 h post-exposure, however, there was no general pattern; i.e., depending on the brain region, aged rats displayed significantly greater, lesser, or similar increases in Hsp70 expression compared with young. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the brain of aged, food-restricted rats does not display a loss of capacity to accumulate Hsp70 in response to heat stress. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Veridian Engn, San Antonio, TX USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Walters, TJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Div Labs, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00502-0 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 462UH UT WOS:000170437800006 PM 11489344 ER PT J AU Shimomura, ET Hodge, GD Paul, BD AF Shimomura, ET Hodge, GD Paul, BD TI Examination of postmortem fluids and tissues for the presence of methylecgonidine, ecgonidine, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROECGONINE METHYL-ESTER; FREE-BASE COCAINE; PYROLYSIS PRODUCT; METABOLITES; URINE; IDENTIFICATION; SMOKING; CRACK; COCAETHYLENE; SMOKERS AB Background: During the smoking of crack cocaine (COC), methyl ecgonidine (MED) is formed as one of the pyrolysis products. Once in the body, MED is converted to ecgonidine (ED) through several processes that include spontaneous hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The presence of MED and/or ED could provide valuable information to help determine antemortem conditions in cases where COC is involved. Our goal was to examine postmortem tissues and fluids for the presence of MED, ED, COG, and benzoylecgonine (BZ). Methods: Liver, brain, blood, and urine specimens obtained from 15 postmortem cases were extracted using solid-phase extraction, derivatized, and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective-ion monitoring. Results: Median concentrations (range) of drugs observed in postmortem liver, brain, blood, and urine were 0 (0-10) ng/g, 7 (0-92) ng/g, 0 (0-42) mug/L, and 62 (0-2030) mug/L, respectively, for MED; 655 (90-3274) ng/g, 22 (0-52) ng/g, 119 (13-773) mug/L, and 456 (109-7452) mug/L, respectively, for ED; 57 (0-503) ng/g, 187 (0-1403) ng/g, 12 (0-88) mug/L, and 1208 (37-28 062) mug/L, respectively, for COG; and 821 (45-4980) ng/g, 524 (46-5153) ng/g, 458 (30-2071) mug/L, and 6768 (917-116 430) mug/L, respectively, for BZ. MED was detected in 12 of 15 postmortem cases. The concentrations were highest in urine compared with liver, brain, and blood. The hydrolysis product ED was detected in all postmortem cases, and the concentrations were substantially higher than MED in all liver, blood, and urine specimens. Conclusion: ED may be a more useful indicator of crack COC smoking. (C) 2001 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 USAF, Div Forens Toxicol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Paul, BD (reprint author), USAF, Div Forens Toxicol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Inst Pathol, AFIP Annex,1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1040 EP 1047 PN 1 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 437MW UT WOS:000168996300009 PM 11375289 ER PT J AU Laurel, VL De Witt, CC Geddie, YA Yip, MC Dolan, DM Canas, LC Dolan, MJ Walter, EA AF Laurel, VL De Witt, CC Geddie, YA Yip, MC Dolan, DM Canas, LC Dolan, MJ Walter, EA TI An outbreak of influenza A caused by imported virus in the United States, July 1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We report 32 cases of culture-proven influenza A (A/Sydney) caused by virus imported into mainland US military barracks from Puerto Rico in July 1999. Despite the fact that the shelf life of the influenza vaccine is 18 months and that the outbreak strain was a component of the previous year's vaccine, no vaccine was available from manufacturers, owing to US Food and Drug Administration regulations. Formal consideration should be given to extending the date of expiration and to maintaining a supply of the influenza vaccine year-round. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, MDOS MMII 759, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Control, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Laurel, VL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, MDOS MMII 759, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1639 EP 1642 DI 10.1086/320513 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 430RC UT WOS:000168588500019 PM 11340538 ER PT J AU Donbar, JM Driscoll, JF Carter, CD AF Donbar, JM Driscoll, JF Carter, CD TI Strain rates measured along the wrinkled flame contour within turbulent non-premixed jet flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; SCALAR; VELOCIMETRY; FIELD AB The thin, wrinkled CH reaction layers within moderate-(Re = 9,100) and high- (18,600) Reynolds-number turbulent non-premixed jet flames were identified by using planar laser-induced fluorescence, and the in-plane strain rates on these reaction layers were measured using simultaneous particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV). The PIV diagnostics resolved the Taylor scale; the strain-limited diffusion length scale was fully resolved for half the cases studied and nearly resolved for the others. In the high-Reynolds-number jet, instantaneous strain rates on the flame surface are highly intermittent, with peak values exceeding 10,000 s(-1). Mean strain rates, conditioned on the CH-peak contour, are relatively constant (150 s(-1)) in the Re = 9100 flame and increase (650-1700 s(-1)) with axial location in the Re = 18,600 flame, resulting from the flame wrinkling process. The CH-layer thickness does not appear to respond in amplitude or in phase with the strain field, indicating that quasi-steady conditions do not occur. The strain field apparently oscillates at frequencies as high as 5-10 kHz-which is the inverse of the crossing time of integral-scale eddies-perhaps because only the low-frequency component of strain effectively acts on the flame. Mean axial velocities, conditioned on the CH-peak contour, were found to remain constant from the flame base to tip and to approximately equal the product of the stoichiometric mixture fraction and the fuel-exit velocity, in agreement with prediction. (C) 2001 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Donbar, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 39 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1239 EP 1257 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00246-2 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 452HW UT WOS:000169853100003 ER PT J AU Bolia, RS Nelson, WT Morley, RM AF Bolia, RS Nelson, WT Morley, RM TI Asymmetric performance in the cocktail party effect: Implications for the design of spatial audio displays SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; DAMAGE; BRAIN AB An experiment was conducted to determine the extent to which hemispheric specialization is manifested in the performance of tasks in which listeners are required to attend to one of several simultaneously spoken speech communications. Speech intelligibility and response time were measured under factorial combinations of the number of simultaneous talkers, the target talker hemifield, and the spatial arrangement of talkers. Intelligibility was found to be mediated by all of the independent variables. Results are discussed in terms of the design of adaptive spatial audio interfaces for speech communications. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of adaptive spatial audio interfaces for speech communications. C1 USAF, AFRL HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Divine Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. Aptima Inc, Boston, MA USA. RP USAF, AFRL HECP, 2255 H st, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.bolia@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SUM PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1518/001872001775900887 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 477RZ UT WOS:000171299200003 ER PT J AU Olson, WA Sarter, NB AF Olson, WA Sarter, NB TI Management by consent in human-machine systems: When and why it breaks down SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article AB This study examined the effects of conflict type, time pressure, and display design on operators' ability to make informed decisions about proposed machine goals and actions in a management-by-consent context. A group of 30 B757 pilots were asked to fly eight descent scenarios while responding to a series of air traffic control clearances. Each scenario presented pilots with a different conflict that arose from either incompatible goals contained in the clearance or inappropriate implementation of the clearance by automated flight deck systems. Pilots were often unable to detect these conflicts, especially under time pressure, and thus failed to disallow or intervene with proposed machine actions. Detection performance was particularly poor for conflicts related to clearance implementation. These conflicts were most likely to be missed when automated systems did more than the pilot expected of them. Performance and verbal protocol data indicate that the observed difficulties can be explained by a combination of poor system feedback and pilots' difficulties with generating expectations of future system behavior. Our results are discussed in terms of their implications for the choice and implementation of automation management strategies in general and, more specifically, with respect to risks involved in envisioned forms of digital air-ground communication in the future aviation system. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of future data link systems and procedures, as well as the design of future automated systems in any domain that rely on operator consent as a mechanism for human-machine coordination. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ind Welding & Syst Engn, Cognit Syst Engn Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Sarter, NB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ind Welding & Syst Engn, Cognit Syst Engn Lab, 210 Baker Syst Bldg,1971 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SUM PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1518/001872001775900904 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 477RZ UT WOS:000171299200007 PM 11592666 ER PT J AU Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Tripp, LD AF Nelson, WT Bolia, RS Tripp, LD TI Auditory localization under sustained +G(z) acceleration SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID AIDED VISUAL-SEARCH; 3-DIMENSIONAL AUDIO; SOUND LOCALIZATION; DISPLAYS; MOVEMENT; PERFORMANCE; SPACE; EARS AB The ability to localize a virtual sound source in the horizontal plane was evaluated under varying levels of sustained (+G(z)) acceleration. Participants were required to judge the locations of spatialized noise bursts in the horizontal plane (elevation 0 degrees) during exposure to 1.0, 1.5, 2.5. 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 +G(z). The experiment was conducted at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Dynamic Environment Simulator, a three-axis centrifuge. No significant increases in localization error were found between 1.0 and 5.5 +G(z); however, a significant increase did occur at the 7.0 +G(z) level. In addition, the percentage of front/back confusions did not vary as a function of +G(z) level, Collectively, these results indicate that the ability to localize virtual sound sources is well maintained at various levels of sustained acceleration. Actual or potential applications include the incorporation of spatial audio displays into the human-computer interface for vehicles that are operated in acceleration environments. C1 Dinvine Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Veridian Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Dinvine Inc, 5151 Pfeiffer Rd,Suite 200, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. EM todd.nelson@divine.com NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SUM PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1518/001872001775900896 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 477RZ UT WOS:000171299200011 PM 11592670 ER PT J AU Cina, SJ Epstein, JI Endrizzi, JM Harmon, WJ Seay, TM Schoenberg, MP AF Cina, SJ Epstein, JI Endrizzi, JM Harmon, WJ Seay, TM Schoenberg, MP TI Correlation of cystoscopic impression with histologic diagnosis of biopsy specimens of the bladder SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bladder; biopsy; histology; cystoscopy ID BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; URINARY-BLADDER; CANCER; TUMORS; ACID AB There is a paucity of information in the contemporary literature that would permit assessment of the urologist's ability to endoscopically discriminate between benign and malignant lesions of the bladder or to predict the grade and stage of papillary neoplasms. This prospective study evaluates the correlation between cystoscopic impression of urothelial lesions and final histologic diagnoses. Sixty-four patients with 68 urothelial abnormalities requiring formal biopsy or endoscopic resection were evaluated prospectively. At the time of endoscopy, treating urologists completed questionnaires documenting the surgeon's endoscopic impression of disease type and extent and performed standard biopsy or resection of all suspicious lesions. Specimens were submitted for routine histopathologic analysis, and the results were correlated with the questionnaire data. Endoscopic evaluation correctly discriminated between dysplastic/malignant and benign/reactive lesions in this study with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%. Urologists could not readily distinguish between low- and high-grade papillary urothelial lesions and were frequently unable to determine if a tumor tvas invasive, particularly if the degree of invasion tvas microscopic. Endoscopic impression at the time of bladder biopsy or resection is accurate and discriminates between the presence and absence of cancer. Endoscopic impression alone is a relatively poor staging tool with respect to extent of invasive disease and must be coupled with careful histopathologic analysis of biopsy material, bimanual examination when appropriate, aid axial imaging for complete assessment of a given tumor. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Urol Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cina, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Meyer 7-181,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 6 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.1053/hupa.2001.24999 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 448MN UT WOS:000169630800010 PM 11431718 ER PT J AU Wright, RG Zgol, M Keeton, S Kirkland, LV AF Wright, RG Zgol, M Keeton, S Kirkland, LV TI Nanotechnology-based molecular test equipment (MTE) SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This paper describes original research efforts in the design, simulation, and development of nano technology-based molecular test equipment (MTE). This is a research effort for testing printed circuit boards independent of traditional automatic test equipment (ATE) through the fabrication of MTE within integrated circuits (ICs). The MTE is embedded within the IC substrate and encapsulated within nanoprobes that connect between the surface and the substrate of the IC at various functional areas. A process is followed whereby IC device simulation is performed to assess the electrical, chemical, and structural properties of integrated and adjacent substrate devices. Through this approach the nominal and failed device performance parameters of interest to substrate-based MTE are found. Discussion of the development and application of MTE within IC architectures is provided, including such topics as the effect of substrate composition on the design and realization of MTE, interfaces between MTE and IC devices, and reporting of MTE results to the IC surface and technician. Potential application areas within different device functions will also be identified. A chemical structure diagram is also provided to illustrate the implementation of MTE using discrete device configurations with MTE-augmented logic. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Wright, RG (reprint author), GMA Ind Inc, 20 Ridgley Ave,Suite 301, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 6 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1109/62.931131 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 445ZM UT WOS:000169488500003 ER PT J AU Wilson, KS AF Wilson, KS TI Method for predicting the maximum reliable angle to use in the Monostatic-to-Bistatic Equivalence Theorem SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE multistatic scattering; radar cross sections; radar data processing; radar measurements; radar scattering; complexity theory; monostatic to bistatic equivalence theorem; computational electromagnetics AB A metric is proposed that allows reliable prediction of the maximum bistatic angle for which the Monostatic-to-Bistatic Equivalence Theorem (MBET) can be used. Currently, the theorem leaves the term "sufficiently smooth" undefined, making selection of the maximum angle somewhat subjective. The proposed metric provides a quantitative evaluation of complexity/smoothness, and relates this to an angle limit based on an empirically derived statistical error profile, That is, the metric allows prediction of the maximum bistatic angle for which the MEET provides less than a 1.5 dB error at a confidence level of 95%. Although the metric is presently only demonstrated for two-dimensional (2D) objects at a single polarization and error value, sufficient experiments following the same process can easily extend the method to three-dimensional objects, arbitrary polarizations, and alternate error tolerances. Such a capability allows for optimization of either monostatic collections used for prediction of bistatic data sets, or bistatic computations interpolated to monostatic results. C1 AFRL, SNAS, Target Signatures, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, KS (reprint author), AFRL, SNAS, Target Signatures, 2010 5th St,Bldg 23, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kelce.Wilson@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 3 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1109/74.934908 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 451BL UT WOS:000169781200013 ER PT J AU Moore, GT AF Moore, GT TI A model for diffraction-limited high-power multimode fiber amplifiers using seeded stimulated brillouin scattering phase conjugation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE fiber amplifiers; multinode fibers; phase conjugation; stimulated Brillouin scattering ID DIODE-LASER ARRAYS; OPTICAL-FIBER; DEPENDENCE; THRESHOLD; MIRROR AB Diffraction-limited polarized stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) Stokes output from a multimode fiber is possible when the Stokes beam is the phase conjugate of diffraction-limited polarized pump light from a narrow-band master oscillator Net amplification can be obtained by interposing a gain medium, such as a fiber amplifier, between the master oscillator and the region of SBS generation. This paper proposes and studies numerically a model which describes the space-time dynamics of SBS generation, including phase conjugation, attenuation, phonon decay, thermal noise, inhomogeneous broadening, and amplifier gain. Noise reduction and phase locking are obtained by seeding the low-power end of the fiber at the Stokes frequency. Simulations are described for the case of 1.064 mum light amplification in a dual-clad Yb-doped multimode fiber amplifier. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL,DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Moore, GT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL,DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 6 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1109/3.922775 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 431GN UT WOS:000168623600006 ER PT J AU Carin, L Yu, HT Dalichaouch, Y Perry, AR Czipott, PV Baum, CE AF Carin, L Yu, HT Dalichaouch, Y Perry, AR Czipott, PV Baum, CE TI On the wideband EMI response of a rotationally symmetric permeable and conducting target SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE induction; magnetization; resonance; sensing ID EDGE-ELEMENTS; FIELD AB A simple and accurate model is presented for computation of the electromagnetic induction (EMI) resonant frequencies of canonical conducting and ferrous targets, in particular, finite-length cylinders and rings, The imaginary resonant frequencies correspond to the well known exponential decay constants of interest for time-domain EMI interaction with conducting and ferrous targets. The results of the simple model are compared to data computed numerically, via method-of-moments (MoM) and finite-element models. Moreover, the simple model is used to fit measured wideband EMI data from ferrous cylindrical targets (in terms of a small number of parameters). It is also demonstrated that the general model for the magnetic-dipole magnetization, in terms of a frequency-dependent diagonal dyadic, is applicable to general rotationally symmetric targets (not just cylinders and rings). C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Quantum Magnet, San Diego, CA 92192 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Div, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1206 EP 1213 DI 10.1109/36.927442 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 441QE UT WOS:000169240400013 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D LaCour, M Golby, K Sena, M Mitchell, M Haworth, M Hendricks, K Spencer, T AF Shiffler, D LaCour, M Golby, K Sena, M Mitchell, M Haworth, M Hendricks, K Spencer, T TI Comparison of velvet- and cesium iodide-coated carbon fiber cathodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodes; cesium iodide; high-power microwaves; intense electron beams; microwave tubes AB This paper presents results of an experimental comparison of a velvet cathode- and a carbon fiber cathode-coated with cesium iodide (CsI) salt. Each cathode had a planar geometry, with similar emission areas. The cathodes were tested at electric field strengths of 50 kV/cm at anode-cathode (A-K) gaps of 4.0 cm, The applied voltage had a 1-mus duration and the pulser was operated at up to a 1-Hz repetition rate. The system had a low base pressure (<1.0 x 10(-7) torr), This paper reports the results and comparisons of experiments on each cathode. We address the current and voltage characteristics, the shot-to-shot reproducibility, the pressure evolution of the diode under 1-Hz operation, and the lifetime of the cathodes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 3 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1109/27.928942 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 444KM UT WOS:000169398700006 ER PT J AU Hegde, SM Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Ehret, J AF Hegde, SM Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Ehret, J TI Photoluminescence studies of beryllium doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2000) CY JUL 27-29, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP NASA Breakthrough Sensors, Instrument Component Technol Thrust, Jet Propulsion Lab Ctr, Integrat Space Microsyst, Air Force Res Lab, Army Res Lab DE p-type QWIP; photoluminescence; IR detector; bandgap renormalization; EFA theory; screened exchange ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; DENSITY; ACCEPTORS; EXCITONS AB A photoluminescence (PL) investigation of beryllium doped GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells is reported. MBE grown samples with well widths 30-75 Angstrom and barrier thicknesses 100-500 Angstrom are included. The effect of beryllium doping in the well region of sheet carrier density 3 x 10(11) to 4 x 10(12) cm(-2)on the position of the first conduction band-to-first heavy hole band (C1-HH1) free exciton line is investigated. The position of PL peak energies as a function of well width and doping is calculated using single particle energies from an envelope function approximation calculation and an estimate of many body effects, including a two-dimensional, screened exchange interaction. A very good agreement is found between the calculated and measured PL peak energies. O 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hegde, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN-OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3-5 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(01)00070-6 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 444KG UT WOS:000169398200005 ER PT J AU Cardimona, DA Singh, A Huang, D Morath, C Varangis, P AF Cardimona, DA Singh, A Huang, D Morath, C Varangis, P TI Time-dependent effects in QWIPs in low temperature, low background conditions SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2000) CY JUL 27-29, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP NASA Breakthrough Sensors, Instrument Component Technol Thrust, Jet Propulsion Lab Ctr, Integrat Space Microsyst, Air Force Res Lab, Army Res Lab DE infrared; photodetectors; QWIP ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS AB Recently, several time-dependent effects have been observed in both the dark current and the photocurrent of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) when operating in a low temperature and/or low photon background. These effects include: non-zero dark current when the applied bias is zero, hysteresis in the dark current when the applied bias is varied, chaotic oscillations in the dark current at high applied bias, a linear increase in the dark current when the frequency of a sinusoidal applied bias is increased, and a roll-off in the optical responsivity when the frequency of a time-varying photo signal is increased. In this paper, we explain how these effects are all manifestations of a single property: QWIPs behave like an RC circuit, with a resistance in series with the capacitance. Here we show the microscopic origin of both the transport resistance (due to tunneling in the dark cases, and due to photoexcitation when a photo signal is applied) and the quantum well capacitance. We also show that the non-adiabatic field that arises due to the capacitive time constant enters the theory non-linearly, leading to the oscillations at high bias first predicted and then observed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, CHTM, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN-OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3-5 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(01)00079-2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 444KG UT WOS:000169398200014 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Luong, EM Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Ting, DZ Bock, JJ Ressler, ME Werner, MW LeVan, PD Chehayeb, R Kukkonen, CA Levy, M LeVan, P Fauci, MA AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Luong, EM Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Ting, DZ Bock, JJ Ressler, ME Werner, MW LeVan, PD Chehayeb, R Kukkonen, CA Levy, M LeVan, P Fauci, MA TI Quantum well infrared photodetector research and development at Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2000) CY JUL 27-29, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA Breakthrough Sensors, Instrument Component Technol Thrust, Jet Propulsion Lab Ctr, Integrat Space Microsyst, Air Force Res Lab, Army Res Lab DE infrared detectors; long-wavelength infrared; multi-quantum well; multi-color; focal plane arrays ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAY; QWIP ARRAY; CAMERA; FABRICATION AB One of the simplest device realizations of the classic particle-in-the-box problem of basic quantum mechanics is the quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). In this paper, we discuss the effect of focal plane array nonuniformity on the performance, optimization of the detector design, material growth and processing that has culminated in realization of large format long-wavelength QWIP cameras, holding forth great promise for many applications in 6-18 mum wavelength range in science, medicine, defense and industry, In addition, we present the recent developments in long-wavelength/very long-wavelength dualband QWIP imaging camera for various applications. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ So Calif Hosp, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. QWIP Technol, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. OmniCorder Technol Inc, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, M-S 302-306, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sarah.d.gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN-OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3-5 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(01)00085-8 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 444KG UT WOS:000169398200020 ER PT J AU Vaghjiani, GL AF Vaghjiani, GL TI Kinetics of OH reactions with N2H4, CH3NHNH2 and (CH3)(2)NNH2 in the gas phase SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; AB-INITIO; 248 NM; 298 K; HYDRAZINE; ENERGIES; PHOTODISSOCIATION; THERMOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURES AB The gas phase reaction kinetics of OH with three di-amine rocket fuels-N2H4. CH3NHNH2, and (CH3)(2)NNH2-was studied in a discharge now tube apparatus and a pulsed photolysis reactor under pseudo-first-order conditions in (OH). Direct laser-induced fluorescence monitoring of the [OH] temporal profiles in a known excess of the /diamine/ yielded the following absolute second-order OH rate coefficient expressions; k(1) = (2.17 +/- 0.39) X 10(-11) e((160 +/- 30)/T), k(2) = (4.59 +/- 0.83) X 10(-11) e((85 +/- 35)/T) and k(3) = (3.35 +/- 0.60) X 10(-11) e((175 +/- 25)/T) cm(3) moles(-1) s(-1), respectively, for reactions with N2H4, CH3NHNH2 and (CH3)(2)NNH2 in the temperature range 232-637 K. All three reactions did not show any discernable pressure dependence on He or NL buffer gas pressure of up to 530 torr. The magnitude of the weak temperature and the lack of pressure effects of the OH + N2H4 reaction rate coefficient suggest that a simple direct metathesis of H-atom may not be important compared to addition of the OH to one of the N-centers of the diamine skeleton. followed by rapid dissociation of the intermediate into products. Our Findings on this reaction are qualitatively consistent with a previous ab initio study [3] However, in the alkylated diamines, direct H-abstraction from the methyl moiety cannot be completely ruled out. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, AFRL,PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Vaghjiani, GL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, AFRL,PRSA, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.1002/kin.1029 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 433DG UT WOS:000168739600002 ER PT J AU Deloach, SA Wood, MF Sparkman, CH AF Deloach, SA Wood, MF Sparkman, CH TI Multiagent systems engineering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiagent systems; software engineering; methodologies; analysis; design AB This paper describes the Multiagent Systems Engineering (MaSE) methodology. MaSE is a general purpose, methodology for developing heterogeneous multiagent systems. MaSE uses a number of graphically based models to describe system goals, behaviors, agent types, and agent communication interfaces. MaSE also provides a way to specify architecture-independent detailed definition of the internal agent design. An example of applying the MaSE methodology is also presented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 172 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 9 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1940 J9 INT J SOFTW ENG KNOW JI Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 231 EP 258 DI 10.1142/S0218194001000542 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 465HB UT WOS:000170582600003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B TI Fine structure on the green band in ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN AB An emission band at 2.4 eV, called the green band, is observed in most ZnO samples, no matter what growth technique is used. Sometimes this band includes fine structure, which consists mainly of doublets, repeated with a longitudinal-optical-phonon-energy spacing (72 meV). We have developed a vibronic model for the green band, based on transitions from two separate shallow donors to a deep acceptor. The donors, at energies 30 and 60 meV from the conduction-band edge, respectively, are also found from Hall-effect measurements. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 8 TC 224 Z9 236 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 6189 EP 6191 DI 10.1063/1.1356432 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AC UT WOS:000169149900049 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Molnar, RJ AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Molnar, RJ TI Evidence for shallow acceptors in GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; HOMOEPITAXIAL GAN; BINDING-ENERGIES; BOUND EXCITON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; NITRIDE; FILMS AB Two low-temperature photoluminescence lines in GaN, in the region of energies commonly interpreted as longitudinal optical-phonon replicas of free excitons, donor-bound excitons, or acceptor-bound excitons, are reinterpreted as acceptor-bound excitons (A(0)X's) collapsing to n = 2 and n = 3 excited states, respectively, of the acceptors involved. Application of this model to two sets of A(0)X-related lines in hydride-vapor-phase-grown GaN gives acceptor energies of 85 +/-1, and 115 +/-1 meV, respectively. The existence of such shallow acceptor states, if confirmed, is of great technological importance. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 6272 EP 6274 DI 10.1063/1.1364646 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AC UT WOS:000169149900063 ER PT J AU Richards, PJ AF Richards, PJ TI "A clear and steady channel": Isaac Backus and the limits of liberty SO JOURNAL OF CHURCH AND STATE LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Richards, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYLOR UNIV PI WACO PA J M DAWSON STUD CHURCH STATE BOX 380, WACO, TX 76798 USA SN 0021-969X J9 J CHURCH STATE JI J. Church State PD SUM PY 2001 VL 43 IS 3 BP 447 EP 482 PG 36 WC Religion SC Religion GA 481EX UT WOS:000171507900003 ER PT J AU Daraselia, M Garland, JW Johs, B Nathan, V Sivananthan, S AF Daraselia, M Garland, JW Johs, B Nathan, V Sivananthan, S TI Improvement of the accuracy of the in-situ ellipsometric measurements of temperature and alloy composition for MBE grown HgCdTe LWIR/MWIR structures SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP USA SMDC, USA, Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Metals & Materials Soc DE Hg1-xCdxTe; LWIR; MWIR; CdTe; CdxZn1-xTe; spectroscopic ellipsometry; temperature; alloy composition; in-situ monitoring AB Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has proven to be a very reliable technique for the in-situ monitoring of the substrate temperature and alloy composition during the HgCdTe epitaxy. In this work, the influence of the variations in the angle of incidence and the spectral wavelength shift on the measured accuracy of the growth temperature and alloy composition are studied, and a method for precisely determining these variations independent of the modeling of the SE data has been developed. It is shown that the stability of the fittings of the optical models for in-situ applications increases and that the couplings between model parameter decreases upon either eliminating the angle! of incidence as an independent model parameter or correcting for the shifts of the wavelength offset. The variations in the angle of incidence and wavelength shift, which arise in the M88 ellipsometer from reflected beam deflections, were precisely calibrated in two dimensions as a function of alignment parameters using a thick thermally grown SiO2/Si sample and were parameterized for our experimental geometry. A new extension of the WVASE software was developed to correct the raw SE data in real time for wavelength shift and the angle of incidence drift. A comparison of the corrected and uncorrected results of in-situ temperature measurements for HgCdTe and CdZnTe(211)B/Si(211) clearly demonstrates that the proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of temperature and composition readings over a broad range of values in these parameters. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Daraselia, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1007/BF02665848 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 445EE UT WOS:000169444500015 ER PT J AU Trivedi, SB Kutcher, SW Wang, CC Jagannathan, GV Hommerich, U Bluiett, A Turner, M Seo, JT Schepler, KL Schumm, B Boyd, PR Green, G AF Trivedi, SB Kutcher, SW Wang, CC Jagannathan, GV Hommerich, U Bluiett, A Turner, M Seo, JT Schepler, KL Schumm, B Boyd, PR Green, G TI Transition metal doped cadmium manganese telluride: A new material for tunable mid-infrared lasing SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP USA SMDC, USA, Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Metals & Materials Soc DE CdMnTe; mid-infrared; tunable laser; transition metal ion laser ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; LASER; CR2+CD0.85MN0.15TE AB Relatively new materials for mid-infrared tunable lasing using chromium-doped Cd1-xMnxTe and cobalt-doped Cd1-xMnxTe have been developed. Previously, ZnS and ZnSe were used as host materials for chromium to produce mid-infrared (MIR) lasing. Compared to these materials, large diameter CdMnTe is easier to grow (using the Bridgman technique) and can be made more homogeneous. Moreover, the ternary nature of Cd1-xMnxTe offers the unique opportunity to optimize the optical properties of the material through variation of chemical composition and lattice parameter. Using Cd0.55Mn0.45Te:Cr, we have demonstrated room temperature lasing from 2.1 to 3.0 mum, and we have demonstrated quasi-continuous wave (cw) lasing. To our knowledge, the observed tuning range (similar to 840 nm) of Cr2+:Cd0.55Mn0.45Te is the largest ever reported from a transition metal ion laser. Furthermore, this is the first time that a room temperature quasi-cw laser operating at 3 mum has been demonstrated using this type of material. Also, preliminary work on Cd0.55Mn0.45Te:Co indicates its potential for tunable mid-infrared lasing around 3600 nm at cryogenic temperatures. Results from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which determine the concentration of dopant that has been incorporated into the host lattice, will be reported, as will the materials characterization and lasing results. The processing issues for optimizing the laser performance in these material systems will also be discussed. C1 Brimrose Corp Amer, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, RCOP, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Res Lab, EO & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Trivedi, SB (reprint author), Brimrose Corp Amer, 5024 Campbell Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 728 EP 732 DI 10.1007/BF02665863 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 445EE UT WOS:000169444500030 ER PT J AU Maji, A Orozco, A Acree, R AF Maji, A Orozco, A Acree, R TI Fracture analysis of FRP reinforced concrete beams SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Carbon/epoxy FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) rebars were produced with the pultrusion technique. Concrete beams reinforced with these rebars were subjected to static and cyclic 3-point bending. Flexural cracking is arrested by an adequate bond between the FRP and the concrete because of the use of a carbon fiber overwrap on the otherwise smooth pultruded rods. In spite of the brittle nature of the FRP rods and the concrete, their combined behavior demonstrate ductility in excess of what is typically expected from reinforced concrete. An analytical evaluation of the fracture energy shows that such ductility is due to the large fraction of the total strain energy that is consumed in the formation of distributed cracking in concrete. Therefore, if an adequate bond can be provided, the strain-to-failure of the FRP determines the ductility and failure mode of FRP reinforced beams. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Fac Civil Engn, Chihuahua, Mexico. USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Maji, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 6 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:6(620) PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 434XP UT WOS:000168841400011 ER PT J AU Thio, YCF Knapp, CE Kirkpatrick, RC Siemon, RE Turchi, PJ AF Thio, YCF Knapp, CE Kirkpatrick, RC Siemon, RE Turchi, PJ TI A physics exploratory experiment on plasma liner formation SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE magnetized target fusion; plasma liner; plasma jets; plasma acceleration; plasma gun ID FUSION AB Momentum flux for imploding a target plasma in magnetized target fusion (MTF) may be delivered by an array of plasma guns launching plasma jets that would merge to form an imploding plasma shell (liner). In this paper, we examine what would be a worthwhile experiment to explore the dynamics of merging plasma jets to form a plasma liner as a first step in establishing an experimental database for plasma-jets-driven magnetized target fusion (PJETS-MTF). Using past experience in fusion energy research as a model, we envisage a four-phase program to advance the art of PJETS-MTF to fusion breakeven (Q similar to 1). The experiment (PLX) described in this paper serves as Phase 1 of this four-phase program. The logic underlying the selection of the experimental parameters is presented. The experiment consists of using 12 plasma guns arranged in a circle, launching plasma jets toward the center of a vacuum chamber. The velocity of the plasma jets chosen is 200 km/s, and each jet is to carry a mass of 0.2 mg to 0.4 mg. A candidate plasma accelerator for launching these jets consists of a coaxial plasma gun of the Marshall type. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. RP Thio, YCF (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014 OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 AR UNSP 0164-0313/01/0600-001/0 DI 10.1023/A:1019813528507 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 585TW UT WOS:000177541500001 ER PT J AU McNeil, WJ Dressler, RA Murad, E AF McNeil, WJ Dressler, RA Murad, E TI Impact of a major meteor storm on Earth's ionosphere: A modeling study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOWER THERMOSPHERE; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; DIFFERENTIAL ABLATION; SODIUM LAYERS; COSMIC DUST; E-REGION; IONS; MESOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; LATITUDES AB A comprehensive model of the effect of a major meteor storm on Earth's ionosphere is presented. The model includes meteor stream mass distributions based on visual magnitude observations, a differential ablation model of major meteoric metals, Fe and Mg, and state-of-the-art modeling of the chemistry and transport of meteoric metal atoms and ions subsequent to deposition. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of direct ionic deposition of metallic species. The model is validated by calculating the effect of annual meteor showers on the background metal atom and ion abundances. A metallic ion density increase of up to 1 order of magnitude is observed, in agreement with in situ measurements during showers. The model is exercised for a hypothetical Leonid meteor storm of the magnitude reported in 1966. The model predicts the formation of a layer of metal ions in the ionospheric E region that reaches peak densities of around 1 x 10(5) cm(-3), corresponding to a 2 order of magnitude increase of the quiescent nighttime E region density. Although sporadic E layers reaching or exceeding this density are relatively common, the effect is different in that it persists on the order of days and would be observed over nearly one-half the globe. The model predictions are consistent with the available 1966 Leonid storm data. In particular, the observation of enhanced, predawn sporadic E activity points to efficient collisional ionization of meteoric metals, as assumed in the model. C1 Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP McNeil, WJ (reprint author), Radex Inc, 3 Preston Court, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. NR 77 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A6 BP 10447 EP 10465 DI 10.1029/2000JA000381 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 435WP UT WOS:000168905400001 ER PT J AU Mangano, A Gonzalez, E Dhanda, R Catano, G Bamshad, M Bock, A Duggirala, R Williams, K Mummidi, S Clark, RA Ahuja, SS Dolan, MJ Bologna, R Sen, L Ahuja, SK AF Mangano, A Gonzalez, E Dhanda, R Catano, G Bamshad, M Bock, A Duggirala, R Williams, K Mummidi, S Clark, RA Ahuja, SS Dolan, MJ Bologna, R Sen, L Ahuja, SK TI Concordance between the CC chemokine receptor 5 genetic determinants that alter risks of transmission and disease progression in children exposed perinatally to human immunodeficiency virus SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC HIV-1 INFECTION; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; CELL-SURFACE CCR5; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; AIDS PROGRESSION; DENDRITIC CELLS; NATURAL-HISTORY; CLINICAL COURSE AB If CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-dependent mechanisms at the time of initial virus exposure are important determinants of virus entry and disease outcome, then the polymorphisms in CCR5 that influence risk of transmission and disease progression should be similar; this hypothesis was tested in a cohort of 649 Argentinean children exposed perinatally to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Two lines of evidence support this hypothesis. First, CCR5 haplotype pairs associated with enhanced risk of transmission were the chief predictors of a faster disease course. Second, some of the haplotype pairs associated with altered rates of transmission and disease progression in children were similar to those that we previously found influenced outcome in European American adults. This concordance suggests that CCR5 haplotypes may serve as genetic rheostats that influence events occurring shortly after initial virus exposure, dictating not only virus entry but, by extension, also the extent of early viral replication. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Hosp Pediat JP Garrahan, Lab Biol Celular & Retrovirus, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Pediat JP Garrahan, Serv Infectol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Div Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Purdue Pharma, Stamford, CT USA. Univ Utah, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,Mail Code 7880, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI Mummidi, Srinivas/C-1004-2008 OI Mummidi, Srinivas/0000-0002-4068-6380 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-4632, AI-43279] NR 85 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 11 BP 1574 EP 1585 DI 10.1086/320705 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 430XZ UT WOS:000168601900004 PM 11335892 ER PT J AU Cain, CP Toth, CA Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Cora, S Rockwell, BA AF Cain, CP Toth, CA Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Cora, S Rockwell, BA TI Visible lesion threshold dependence on retinal spot size for femtosecond laser pulses SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser bioeffects; laser safety; retinal damage; ultrashort laser pulses ID RHESUS-MONKEY; PRIMATE EYE; DAMAGE; MODEL; INJURY AB National laser safety standards have only recently been specified for laser pulse widths below 1 ns, with the publication of the ANSI Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers. A number of in vivo retinal injury studies using ultrashort laser pulses have been documented for pulse widths from nanoseconds to femtoseconds and having wavelengths from 1064 to 530 nm. These studies report data corresponding to the smallest retinal image diameters that can be achieved experimentally. The resulting data have been used to establish the exposure limits for small-source laser emitters. Data have shown that the thresholds decrease with pulse width and with wavelength for minimal retinal spot sizes. In this article we present measurements of the retinal lesion threshold as a function of retinal image size for 150 fs ultrashort laser pulses at 1060 nm. Retinal image size was varied from approximately 48 to 800 mum in diameter using external optics. Thresholds were determined using probit analysis of the data. The retinal spot sizes were calculated using the Gaussian beam propagation and multiple-lens formulas. The thresholds as a function of retinal image size were then compared to previously reported spot size studies. Results of our measurements show that as the retinal image diameter is increased from 48 to 800 mum, the threshold at 24 h postexposure increases from 1 to 54.1 muJ, corresponding to the fluence at the retina decreasing by a factor of five (from 56 to 11 mJ cm(-2)). Our results also show that as the retinal spot size increases, the radiant exposure necessary to cause a minimal visible lesion decreases, but not in proportion to the retinal image area. This decreasing radiant exposure for increasing retinal spot sizes at 150 fs follows the trends shown for previous studies with pulse duration from 30 ps to 10 s. Thus, extended sources for 150 fs and 1060 nm show no deviation from the trend of decreasing radiant exposure for increasing retinal image sizes. We conclude from our data that the current correction factors used in the laser safety standards also apply to femtosecond laser exposures between 400 and 1400 nm. (C) 2001 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Litton TASC, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, 8111 18th St, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 442DP UT WOS:000169270200007 ER PT J AU Kobryn, PA Shivpuri, R Semiatin, SL AF Kobryn, PA Shivpuri, R Semiatin, SL TI Mold wear during permanent-mold casting of Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE H13 steel; mold wear; P20 steel; permanent mold casting; Ti-6Al-4V; type 1040 steel ID ALUMINUM; DIES AB Mold wear during the casting of Ti-6Al-4V in a permanent (steel) mold was investigated using a combination of macro- and micro-scale observations and measurements. For this purpose, a steel mold with interchangeable inserts of three candidate mold steels (H13, P20, and 1040) was used. Inserts were removed at regular intervals during casting under prototype-production conditions and inspected to assess mold wear, Two major mold wear types mere identified: soldering and "wrinkling.'' Soldering was concluded to be a result of local over-heating of the mold, and wrinkling a result of cyclic stresses caused by a combination of solid-state phase transformations and large temperature gradients. The 1040 inserts performed the best; soldering was less severe and wrinkling did not occur. The better performance of the 1040 inserts was attributed to lower mold temperatures and thermal gradients due to the higher thermal conductivity of 1040 relative to H13 or P20. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ind Welding & Syst Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kobryn, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1361/105994901770345006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 442UU UT WOS:000169304000007 ER PT J AU Cigrang, JA Staal, MA AF Cigrang, JA Staal, MA TI Readministration of the MMPI-2 following defensive invalidation in a military job applicant sample SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID DISORDER; CUSTODY AB Job applicants whose response style on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer) is excessively defensive create a dilemma for psychologists working in personnel selection settings. Clinical guidelines recommend the profile be considered uninterpretable, but the absence of usable testing data could lead to the elimination of otherwise qualified candidates. Readministering the MMPI-2 with altered instructions to reduce defensive responding has been suggested as an alternative. This option has lacked empirical support until recently. One study (Butcher, Morfitt, Rouse, & Holden, 1997) evaluated the effects of altered instructions on retest validity in a civilian job applicant sample, with the majority of participants obtaining valid and normal profiles on retest. The purpose of this study was to determine if these results would be replicated in a military job applicant sample. Participants were 97 military personnel who completed the MMPI-2 as part of application for selection to instructor duty. Forty-seven participants had obtained invalid profiles and retook the MMPI-2 after receiving instructions intended to reduce defensiveness. The results showed that 83% of retested participants obtained valid profiles on the second MMPI-2. The second test results were very similar in profile to those obtained from a comparison group of 50 participants whose initial MMPI-2 results were valid. The findings are discussed in terms of study limitations and future research directions. C1 74th Med Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF Acad, Dept Psychol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cigrang, JA (reprint author), 74th Med Operat Squadron SGOHL, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0022-3891 J9 J PERS ASSESS JI J. Pers. Assess. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 76 IS 3 BP 472 EP 481 DI 10.1207/S15327752JPA7603_08 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 456GV UT WOS:000170075500008 PM 11499459 ER PT J AU Carlton, SM Zahn, CM Kendall, BS Natarajan, S AF Carlton, SM Zahn, CM Kendall, BS Natarajan, S TI Placenta increta/percreta associated with uterine perforation during therapy for fetal death - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE placenta accreta; uterine perforation; fetal death; placenta increta; placenta percreta ID PERCRETA; INCRETA; ABORTION; PREGNANCY; ACCRETA AB BACKGROUND: Placenta accreta involves abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium. Placenta increta and percreta are defined by the degree of trophoblastic penetration of the myometrium. These conditions are rarely observed in the first trimester; placenta increta and percreta are exceptionally infrequent. CASE: A woman had a uterine perforation after suction curettage for fetal death at 11 weeks' gestation, requiring hysterectomy for control of a profuse hemorrhage. Histopathologic examination of the uterus revealed placenta increta involving the lower uterine segment and placenta percreta at the site of uterine perforation. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of placenta percreta associated with uterine perforation during therapy for first-trimester fetal death. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Zahn, CM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 46 IS 6 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 447QV UT WOS:000169584700011 PM 11441688 ER PT J AU McNeil, JD Smith, DL Jenkins, DH York, GB Josephs, JD AF McNeil, JD Smith, DL Jenkins, DH York, GB Josephs, JD TI Hypotensive resuscitation using a polymerized bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOC-201) leads to reversal of anaerobic metabolism SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the South Texas Chapter of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY FEB 18-19, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Coll Surgeons, S Texas Chapter DE hemorrhage; resuscitation; blood substitutes; HBOC; swine; hemodynamics; lactate ID UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; MASSIVE BLOOD REPLACEMENT; MODEL; VOLUME; SUBSTITUTE; TRANSPORT; TRAUMA; INJURY; SWINE; CELLS AB Background: Traditional resuscitation regimens have been recently challenged. This study evaluates hypotensive resuscitation with a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying (HBOC) solution after severe hemorrhage in a porcine model. We hypothesized that HBOC-201 restores tissue perfusion at a lower mean arterial pressure than standard resuscitation fluids. Methods: Yorkshire swine (55-65 kg, n = 30), were rapidly hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30 mm Hg, maintained hypotensive for 45 minutes, and randomized into groups. Group I was resuscitated with an HBOC solution to a MAP of 60 mm Hg. Groups II and III were resuscitated to a MAP of 80 mm Hg with lactated Ringer's solution (LR) alone or LR (40 mL/kg) followed by shed blood, respectively. Group IV was resuscitated with shed blood alone to a MAP of 60 mm Hg, Group V received an HBOC solution to a MAP of 50 mm Hg, Hemodynamic variables, Swan-Ganz parameters, blood gas samples, and lactate levels were followed for 5 hours, Data were analyzed by analysis of variance/Duncan multiple range test. Results: There were no significant differences in mortality between any groups. Groups I, IV, and V had lower (p < 0.05) cardiac output, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and R IAP than either group II or group III. SVO2 was significantly lower in the HBOC groups. There were no significant differences in arterial pH or lactate between groups I, III, and IV. Lactate levels, base excess, and arterial pH were significantly worse in the LR-alone and HBOC-50 groups. Conclusion: Hypotensive resuscitation with HBOC-201 at a MAP of 60 mm Hg after a controlled hemorrhage in swine provides sufficient tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery to reverse anaerobic metabolism on the basis of global physiologic markers despite continued hypotension, hypovolemia, and low cardiac output. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Med Corps, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP McNeil, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Med Corps, 59th MDW-MMKG,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1075 PG 13 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 442HD UT WOS:000169278400019 ER PT J AU Harroff, HH AF Harroff, HH TI Only with the appropriate expertise SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Harroff, HH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 6 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 456TX UT WOS:000170099300003 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA AF Buryachenko, VA TI Locality principle and general integral equations of micromechanics of composite materials SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE microinhomogeneous materials; elastic materials; integral equations ID EFFECTIVE ELASTIC-MODULI; PARTICULATE MATRIX COMPOSITES; FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS; EXTERNAL STRESS-FIELDS; INCLUSIONS; BOUNDS; MEDIA; MICROSTRUCTURE; METALS AB We consider a linearly thermoelastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing either a statistically inhomogeneous random or deterministic set of inclusions, when the concentration of the inclusions is a function of the coordinates (so-called functionally graded materials). The composite medium is subjected to essentially inhomogeneous loading by the fields of the stresses, temperature, and body forces (e.g., for a centrifugal load). The general integral equations connecting the stress and strain fields in the point being considered and the surrounding points are obtained for the random and deterministic fields of inclusions. In so doing, the size of a region including the inclusions acting on a separate one is finite, that is, the locality principle takes place. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1081-2865 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD JUN PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 299 EP 321 DI 10.1177/108128650100600306 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 436YK UT WOS:000168963300006 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Brown, JO Brown, TM DeLo, DP Bieler, TR Beynon, JH AF Semiatin, SL Brown, JO Brown, TM DeLo, DP Bieler, TR Beynon, JH TI Strain-path effects during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V with a colony-alpha microstructure SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Extrude Hone, Irwin, PA 15642 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Beynon, John/A-6891-2008; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1556 EP 1559 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0244-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 440GF UT WOS:000169167000028 ER PT J AU Morrow, RC Schafer, KO Williams, RL AF Morrow, RC Schafer, KO Williams, RL TI Quality of deployment surveillance data in southwest Asia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECORD AB The Global Expeditionary Medical System (GEMS), formerly known as Desert Care II, provides clinical data on every medical encounter that occurs at U.S. Air Force medical treatment facilities in theater. After 22 months of surveillance from March 1997 to January 1999, 59,026 records were generated from 27,305 active duty members. A random sample of 273 individuals were reviewed for four key fields: chief complaint, diagnosis, International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, code, and disease and nonbattle injury category. The vast majority (>99%) of records were consistently classified and reported. An unrelated subset of all cases categorized as "Medical/Other" seen at Prince Sultan Air Base (5,640 records) also were analyzed. Reassignment was made in 19% of cases into other categories, suggesting that further refinement of disease and nonbattle injury reporting is needed for effective deployment medical surveillance. Overall, this electronic data-gathering system has high internal validity, consistency, and reliability for service members in the deployed U.S. Air Force setting. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Prevent Med Directorate, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Morrow, RC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Prevent Med Directorate, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 475 EP 479 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DC UT WOS:000181419100005 PM 11413722 ER PT J AU Roman-Gonzalez, J Shapiro, ML Rubal, BJ Bulgrin, JR Muse, RJ AF Roman-Gonzalez, J Shapiro, ML Rubal, BJ Bulgrin, JR Muse, RJ TI Five-year experience with implantation and follow-up of transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Placing postimplant defibrillation threshold testing in perspective SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: The rapid technological advancement in transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has resulted in heterogeneous and often controversial approaches to follow-up procedures. The efficacy of postimplantation defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing with new-generation biphasic ICDs is unknown. Objective: In this retrospective study, predischarge and postdischarge DFT protocols were compared to evaluate their safety and effect on adverse clinical events. Methods: The study population consisted of 89 patients with 92 ICDs and 103 endovascular lead systems. Forty-four patients had DFT tests during implant and the predischarge period. Thirty patients had DFT tests during implant and the postdischarge period. Sixteen patients had only implant DFT data available. The follow-up period ranged from 3 days to 5.6 years. Results: Ninety-nine percent of patients had successful implants. Postimplant DFT tests detected potential problems in only 1% of asymptomatic patients. Thirty-six percent of patients with normal predischarge DFT tests had adverse clinical events compared with 18% in the postdischarge group. Patients with postimplant DFTs > 25 joules (J) and safety margins 10 J had a lower incidence of adverse clinical events (p = 0.03) compared with those with safety margins < 10 J. An 11% malfunction rate was observed in ICD leads during the follow-up period. Conclusions: DFT testing after implant is safe; however, routine postimplant DFT testing has limited value in assessing abnormalities in patients with the current generation of biphasic transvenous ICD devices. A 10-J safety margin was associated with a lower incidence of adverse clinical events in patients with DFTs > 25 J. Endovascular lead failure remains a significant problem with ICD systems requiring vigilant follow-up. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Roman-Gonzalez, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 500 EP 504 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DC UT WOS:000181419100010 PM 11413727 ER PT J AU Dayton, D Browne, S Gonglewski, J Sandven, S Gallegos, J Shilko, M AF Dayton, D Browne, S Gonglewski, J Sandven, S Gallegos, J Shilko, M TI Long-range laser illuminated imaging: analysis and experimental demonstrations SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser-illuminated imaging; ladar ID RESOLUTION AB We demonstrate the utility of laser-illuminated imaging for high-resolution clandestine nighttime surveillance from a simulated airborne platform at standoff ranges in excess of 20 km. In order to reduce the necessary per-pulse laser energy required for illumination at such long ranges, and to mitigate atmospheric turbulence effects on image resolution, we have investigated a unique multiframe postprocessing technique. It is shown that in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and coherent speckle effects, this approach can produce superior results to conventional scene flood illumination. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92806 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing N Amer, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. ITT Adv Engn Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1900 Randolph SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1009 DI 10.1117/1.1370059 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 449RU UT WOS:000169701600017 ER PT J AU Li, YG Latham, WP Kar, A AF Li, YG Latham, WP Kar, A TI Lumped parameter model for multimode laser cutting SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser cutting; modelling; mode quality; chemical oxygen-iodine laser ID OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; MOVING CW LASER; BEAMS AB A lumped parameter mathematical model is developed to relate the cut depth to the laser cutting parameters and material properties. The model takes into account the threshold power of the incident laser beam for the initiation of cutting and modifies an earlier cutting model so that it applies to a wide set of process parameters ranging from low to high laser powers and slow to Fast cutting speeds, Plain steel is taken as an example to show the effects of various process parameters such as the laser power, spot size and cutting speed on the cut depth, Special emphasis is given to the effect of laser mode structure on its cutting capability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kar, A (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 371 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0143-8166(01)00024-0 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 451PB UT WOS:000169809500005 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Luong, EM Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Ting, DZ Bock, JJ Ressler, ME Werner, MW Levan, PD Chehayeb, R Kukkonen, CA Levy, M Levan, P Fauci, MA AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Luong, EM Rafol, SB Mumolo, JM Ting, DZ Bock, JJ Ressler, ME Werner, MW Levan, PD Chehayeb, R Kukkonen, CA Levy, M Levan, P Fauci, MA TI Recent developments and applications of quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays SO OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000 (ICSSC 2000) CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Military Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Polish Soc Crystal Growth, SPIE, State Comm Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Phys, Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys DE infrared detectors; long-wavelength infrared; multi quantum well; multi-colour; focal plane arrays ID QWIP ARRAY; CAMERA; FABRICATION AB One of the simplest device realisations of the classic particle-in-the-box problem of basic quantum mechanics is the quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). In this paper we discuss the effect of focal plane array non uniformity on the performance, optimisation of the detector design, material growth and processing that has culminated in realisation of large format long-wavelength QWIP cameras, holding forth great promise for many applications in 6-18 micron wavelength range in science, medicine, defence and industry. In addition, we present the recent developments in long-wavelength/very long-wavelength dualband QWIP imaging camera for various applications. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. QWIP Technol, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. Univ So Calif Hosp, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. OmniCorder Technol Inc, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gunapala@mail1.jpl.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-3402 J9 OPTO-ELECTRON REV JI Opto-Electron. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 150 EP 163 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 445NY UT WOS:000169465200009 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Liu, HC Shen, A Wasilewski, ZR Buchanan, M AF Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Liu, HC Shen, A Wasilewski, ZR Buchanan, M TI GaAs/AlGaAs p-type multiple-quantum wells for infrared detection at normal incidence: model and experiment SO OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000 (ICSSC 2000) CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Military Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Polish Soc Crystal Growth, SPIE, State Comm Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Phys, Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys DE infrared detector; band-gap engineering; GaAs/AlGaAs; p-type ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE; PHOTORESPONSE MEASUREMENT; GENERAL EXPRESSION; PHOTODETECTORS; ABSORPTION; SUPERLATTICES; TRANSITIONS; BAND AB The development of devices for mid-, long-, and very long-wavelength infrared (IR) detection has benefited greatly from advances in band-gap engineering. Recently, there has been great progress in the development of n-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photoconductor (QWIP) detector arrays in all three rec technologically important wavelength windows, p-type GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs represent a viable alternative to n-type GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs. offering the advantage of normal incidence absorption without the need for grating couplers. The maturity of the MBE of GaAs/AlGaAs layered materials offers the possibility of mass producing low cost, high performance, large ste, high uniformity, multicolour, high frequency bandwidth, two-dimensional imaging QWIP arrays. This paper describes progress in optimising the performance of p-type GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs through modelling, growth, and characterisation. Using the 8x8 envelope-function approximation (EFA), a number of structures were designed and their optical absorption calculated for comparison with experiment. Samples were grown by MBE based on the theoretical designs and their photoresponse measured. p-type QWIPs M ere optimised with respect to the well and barrier widths, alloy concentration, and dopant concentration; resonant cavity devices were also fabricated and temperature dependent photoresponse was measured. The quantum efficiencies and the background-limited (BLIP) detectivities under BLIP conditions of our p-QWIPs are comparable to those of n-QWIPs; however the responsivities are smaller: For our mid-(R p-QWIPs, the 20 doping densities of (1-2)x10(12) cm-2 maximised the BLIP temperature and dark current limited detectivity by operating at around 100 K. At 80 K. the detectivity of the optimum doped sample was 3.5x10(11) cmHz(1/2)/W at 10 V bias. Barrier widths greater than 200 A were sufficient to impede the tunneling dark current: resonant cavities enhanced absorption fivefold. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC POLISH ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS (S E P) PI WARSAW PA 2 KALISKIEGO STR, 00-908 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-3402 J9 OPTO-ELECTRON REV JI Opto-Electron. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 164 EP 172 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 445NY UT WOS:000169465200010 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Mitnitsky, EF AF Roberts, HW Mitnitsky, EF TI Cardiac risk stratification for postmyocardial infarction dental patients SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MAJOR NONCARDIAC SURGERY; UNSTABLE ANGINA-PECTORIS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; VASCULAR-SURGERY; PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT; INDEX; GUIDELINES; PREDICTION; MORTALITY AB Traditional dental management guidelines of myocardial infarction survivors mandate a 6-month waiting period before elective treatment can be considered. Technological advances in cardiac disease diagnosis, management, and revascularization treatment may make this older mandatory 6-month waiting period obsolete. The purposes of this literature review are to provide an overview of the historical development of cardiac risk stratification and discuss current developments and guidelines in cardiac risk assessment. We hope that this review and update will stimulate the development of updated dental guidelines for treating the cardiac patient. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Detachment 1, USAFSAM, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Dent Squadron 74th, AEGD, Hosp Dent Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Detachment 1, USAFSAM, 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 91 IS 6 BP 676 EP 681 DI 10.0167/moe.2001.114827 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 445LB UT WOS:000169458000013 PM 11402281 ER PT J AU Kumudinie, C Premachandra, JK Mark, JE Dang, TD Unroe, MR Arnold, FE AF Kumudinie, C Premachandra, JK Mark, JE Dang, TD Unroe, MR Arnold, FE TI Toughening of some high-temperature poly(arylene ether)s and a hydroxypoly(benzoxazole) by sol-gel generated rubbery particles SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE sol-gel process; poly(arylene ether); poly(benzoxazole) ID SILICA HYBRID MATERIALS; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYBENZOXAZOLES; POLYMER; POLYBENZOBISTHIAZOLES AB Some high-temperature polymers, specifically two poly(arylene ether)s and a hydroxy(benzoxazole) copolymer (HPBO), were toughened using dispersed rubbery phases generated by the sol-gel process. These rubbery phases were introduced using combinations of sol-gel precursors with varying numbers of alkyl groups. Scanning electron micrographs showed uniformly dispersed particles in these composite materials. In poly(arylene ether)s, a significant: increase in toughness and ultimate elongation were achieved for samples prepared from relatively large amounts of sol-gel precursor with higher numbers of alkyl groups. In HPBO, samples having low levels of the rubbery phase, both toughness and ultimate elongation were increased with increasing amount of the rubbery phase. Improvements in these properties of the HPBO polymer are rather large compared to the poly(arylene ether)s. The results also demonstrated improved thermal properties and decreased water absorption. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Polymer Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,MLBP B654, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mark, JE (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5275 EP 5283 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00823-5 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 413JN UT WOS:000167609400024 ER PT J AU Shelley, JS Mather, PT DeVries, KL AF Shelley, JS Mather, PT DeVries, KL TI Reinforcement and environmental degradation of nylon-6/clay nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE nylon-6/clay nanocomposites; hybrid polymers; NOx degradation ID CLAY HYBRID; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMERS; MONTMORILLONITE; COMPOSITE; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYMERIZATION; BEHAVIOR; PHASES AB Hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites are being developed to improve the physical and mechanical properties of polymeric materials without adversely effecting their processing characteristics. One such nanocomposite developed by Toyota and commercialized by Ube Industries is the nylon-6/montmorillonite clay nanocomposite. The mechanism of reinforcement in nylon-6/clay nanocomposite materials is investigated through tensile experiments, infrared absorption spectrography, and dynamic mechanical analysis. 200% improvements in modulus and 175% improvements in yield stress are attributed to the complexation of mid-chain carbonyl groups with the exfoliated clay lamellae. Because of the initial use of these materials in automotive components, and the known deleterious effects of the air pollutant NOx on nylon-6, the degradation of the nanocomposites in NOx was examined through post-exposure tensile experiments. It was found that NOx degrades the mechanical performance of the nanocomposites regardless of the constraining effect of clay lamellae. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93551 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP DeVries, KL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, 2220 Merrill Engn Bldg, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 52 TC 243 Z9 252 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 13 BP 5849 EP 5858 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00900-9 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 418MP UT WOS:000167896200043 ER PT J AU Orme, DR Doerman, AL AF Orme, DR Doerman, AL TI Ethical dilemmas and US Air Force clinical psychologists: A survey SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID DUAL RELATIONSHIPS; MILITARY; ASSOCIATION AB Although psychologists work in widely varying settings, all encounter ethical dilemmas. Those who are also officers in the U.S. Air Force have the double burden of upholding the ethics code of psychologists while also supporting the mission of the Air Force. Does this create unique ethical dilemmas? To address this issue, the authors sent active-duty Air Force psychologists a questionnaire asking them to describe recent ethical conflicts, These conflicts are discussed as they relate to the "Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct" (American Psychological Association, 1992) and in comparison with civilian practice. Results suggest a broad range of concerns but center on those related to perceived conflicts between the Air Force mission and the ethical demands of psychologists. Recommendations for dealing with ethical conflicts at the organizational level are offered. C1 Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Orme, DR (reprint author), USAFSAM, FECN, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.32.3.305 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 470WD UT WOS:000170893400012 ER PT J AU LaPuma, PT Fox, JM Kimmel, EC AF LaPuma, PT Fox, JM Kimmel, EC TI Chromate concentration bias in primer paint particles SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chromate; chromium; paint; primer; particle; occupational exposure; impactor; air regulation; OSHA ID CHROMIUM; WORKERS; DEPOSITION; HEXAVALENT; MORTALITY; CANCER; LUNG AB Chromate-containing primer paints are used to prevent corrosion on metal surfaces. Chromate contains hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), a human carcinogen. The objective of this research was to determine if there is a bias in the fraction of chromate found in various particle sizes generated during primer painting operations. A solvent-based, aviation primer paint was sprayed using a high-volume, low-pressure spray gun. Paint particles were collected and separated by size with seven-stage cascade impactors. It was determined that particles with a mass aerodynamic diameter <2.0 mum contained significantly less Cr6+ per dry weight of paint than particles >2.0 mum (P < 0.001). The median concentration of Cr6+ in particles <2.0 mum is 18 mu g of Cr/mg of dry paint and the median concentration for particles >2.0 mum is 70 mug of Cr/mg of dry paint. The mixed paint contains 18.75% strontium chromate, which equates to a ratio of 67 mug of Cr/mg of dry paint. Particles >2.0 mum are more likely to impact in the upper tracheobronchial regions of the lung where mucociliary clearance is relatively rapid. Additionally, chromate emissions from spraying operations may be overestimated because larger particles, which are more easily trapped on an air filter, contain more chromate than the smaller particles, which are more likely to bypass an air filter. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Assessme, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP LaPuma, PT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1006/rtph.2001.1471 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 445PX UT WOS:000169467400007 PM 11407936 ER PT J AU Schaubroeck, LE AF Schaubroeck, LE TI Growth, distortion and coefficient bounds for plane harmonic mappings convex in one direction SO ROCKY MOUNTAIN JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB In this paper we examine normalized harmonic functions convex in the direction of either the real or the imaginary axis. In this setting we find bounds for \f(z) (z)\, \f((z) over bar)(z)\ and \f(z)\, as well as coefficient bounds on the series expansion of functions convex in the direction of the real axis. For the functions convex in the direction of the real axis, we provide the extremal functions for \f(z)(z)\ and \f((z) over bar)(z)\. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schaubroeck, LE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT MATH CONSORTIUM PI TEMPE PA ARIZ STATE UNIV, DEPT MATH, TEMPE, AZ 85287-1904 USA SN 0035-7596 J9 ROCKY MT J MATH JI Rocky Mt. J. Math. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2 BP 625 EP 639 DI 10.1216/rmjm/1020171580 PG 15 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 454AG UT WOS:000169949800017 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, AH AF Rosenberger, AH TI Effect of environment on the fatigue crack growth of gamma titanium aluminide alloys at ambient temperatures SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE gamma titanium aluminide; crack growth; crack closure; environmental effects C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosenberger, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2653 EP 2659 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)00950-2 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 458KT UT WOS:000170194100021 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Hiring assistant coaches SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 3 BP 63 EP 64 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 439GP UT WOS:000169102700011 ER PT J AU Savarise, MT Simpson, JP Moore, JM Leis, VM AF Savarise, MT Simpson, JP Moore, JM Leis, VM TI Improved functional outcome and more rapid return to normal activity following laparoscopic hernia repair SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY-ULTRASOUND AND INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE hernia; laparoscopic hernia repair; total extraperitoneal repair (TEP); Lichtenstein repair ID INGUINAL-HERNIA; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HERNIORRHAPHY; COST AB Background: The laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias remains a controversial subject. Advantages in terms of reduced postoperative pain and improved functional status have been demonstrated in some studies and refuted in others. We performed a prospective study of a group of young healthy patients to measure pain levels and time to return to normal activity following totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic (TEP) hernia repair and compared these outcomes to those seen following conventional anterior repair. Methods: A total of 151 patients were entered into a prospective nonrandomized study. Forty-eight patients underwent anterior repair; 103 underwent TEP repair. Patients were followed at 2 and 6 weeks to assess their level of function on a five-point scale. Their use of pain medication was also assessed, and total days away from work and days until return to full activity were documented. Results: The open group returned to work at 11.5 days and to full activity at 26.7 days. The TEP group returned to work at 6.4 days and to full activity at 14.2 days (p < 0.001 for both data). There was no statistically significant difference in the use of pain medication. The TEP group reported better functional status at 2 weeks than the open group. At 6 weeks, this difference was no longer statistically significant. Conclusion: As compared to conventional open repair, TEP hernia repair offers advantages in postoperative function and an earlier return to full activity. C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Med Grp 81st, Dept Surg, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Savarise, MT (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Med Grp 81st, Dept Surg, Biloxi, MS USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC-ULTRAS JI Surg. Endosc.-Ultrason. Interv. Tech. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 6 BP 574 EP 578 DI 10.1007/s004640080039 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 439ZU UT WOS:000169148900009 PM 11591943 ER PT J AU Aldrich, RW AF Aldrich, RW TI The law of information conflict: National security law in cyberspace SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Off Special Invest, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Aldrich, RW (reprint author), USAF, Off Special Invest, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD SUM PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 440PF UT WOS:000169183000013 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, D Mattie, D Dodd, DE AF Mukerjee, D Mattie, D Dodd, DE TI Untitled - Introduction SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Operat Toxicol Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mukerjee, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5-10 BP 144 EP 144 DI 10.1191/0748233701th102xx PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 634CB UT WOS:000180321500001 ER PT J AU Clewell, RA Merrill, EA Robinson, PJ AF Clewell, RA Merrill, EA Robinson, PJ TI The use of physiologically based models to integrate diverse data sets and reduce uncertainty in the prediction of perchlorate and iodide kinetics across life stages and species SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Conference on Theories and Practices in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP AFRL/HEST, NHRC/TD, USACEHR, Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, AF Off Sci Res, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment-Cincinnati, Agcy Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Natl Inst Occup Safety & Hlth, US FDA, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE extrapolation; human; iodide inhibition; PBPK model; perchlorate; rat; rick assessment ID MULTIROUTE EXPOSURE MODEL; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DRINKING-WATER; LACTATING RAT; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; METABOLITE; BRAIN; GLAND; PUP AB The effects of perchlorate on the incorporation of iodide into thyroid hormones have been studied for more than 40 years in many species and under varying exposure conditions. Nevertheless, the database for this drinking water contaminant is still incomplete, particularly with regard to human developmental risk. A method for integrating the available data and forming meaningful conclusions for risk assessment is needed. To this end, an initial suite of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models has been developed, which incorporates physiological data for the relevant species and life stages and kinetic data for perchlorate and iodide, as well as the interaction between the two anions. The validated models successfully describe perchlorate-induced inhibition of thyroid iodide uptake and perchlorate and iodide kinetics in the male, pregnant, lactating, fetal, and neonatal rats and the adult humans. The relationships of model-predicted internal dose metrics and kinetic parameters allow a direct comparison of internal dose metrics across life stages in rats and humans. By incorporating all the available data, these models provide a framework for species and life stage extrapolation where the lack of specific data sets would otherwise limit predictive capability. This paper demonstrates two approaches for calculating life stage-specific equivalent doses in a risk assessment for perchlorate: the direct combination of validated model predictions, and the development of preliminary PBPK models for the human-sensitive populations based on the relationship of the parameters in the validated rat and human models. Either approach can be used to perform the needed dosimetry. However, the second approach provides the advantage of a preliminary human life stage-specific PBPK model that can be used for identification of key data gaps and estimation of uncertainty. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Operat Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. RP Clewell, RA (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5-10 BP 210 EP 222 DI 10.1191/0748233701th108oa PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 634CB UT WOS:000180321500008 PM 12539865 ER PT J AU Wireman, JR Long, GC AF Wireman, JR Long, GC TI Communicating risk in diverse communities SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Conference on Theories and Practices in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP AFRL/HEST, NHRC/TD, USACEHR, Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, AF Off Sci Res, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment-Cincinnati, Agcy Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Natl Inst Occup Safety & Hlth, US FDA, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE partnering; risk communication; US Air Force AB Environmental risk communication involves the use of many tools and techniques to form and deliver effective messages. These messages need to inform affected communities about the potential risks and health effects resulting from exposures to environmental contaminants. More importantly, the messages need to reflect the needs, concerns, sensitivities, and knowledge base of the affected community. This risk message is based on profiling, which is simply getting to know your community (demographically, culturally, and historically) and melding this information with scientific knowledge to effectively deliver a message. Three Air Force (AF) case studies are used to discuss how effective risk-communication methods can be utilized in vastly different communities: an on-base residential population, an AF occupational setting, and a remote Alaskan community impacted by historical AF activities. We will discuss the methods used to profile affected communities, determine and deliver messages, and describe the reaction and receptiveness of the community receiving the message. C1 Air Force Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Ris, Hlth Risk Assessment Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Wireman, JR (reprint author), Air Force Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Ris, Hlth Risk Assessment Branch, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5-10 BP 298 EP 301 DI 10.1191/0748233701th103oa PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 634CB UT WOS:000180321500019 PM 12539876 ER PT J AU Carr, PH AF Carr, PH TI Engaging Paul Tillich's thinking on reliogion and science - Science and religion: Original unity and the courage to create SO ZYGON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Religious Situation at the Dawn of the New Millennium CY JUN 16-20, 1999 CL NEW HARMONY, INDIANA SP N Amer Paul Tillich Soc DE courage to be; courage to create; Galileo; science and religion; Paul Tillich AB Paul Tillich noted the emergence of science by "demythologization" from its original unity with religion in antiquity. Demythologization can lead to conflict with accepted paradigms and therefore requires the "courage to create," as exemplified by Galileo. Tillich's "God above God" as the ground of creativity and courage can, in this new millennium, enable religion to be reconciled with science. Religion is a source of the "courage to create," which is essential for progress in scientific knowledge. Religion and science working together as complementary dimensions of the human spirit can lead us into a wider world and greater wisdom. Reconciliation and reunion characterize the New Being and Creation. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Philosophy, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Carr, PH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Philosophy, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0591-2385 J9 ZYGON JI Zygon PD JUN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1111/0591-2385.00357 PG 5 WC Social Issues; Religion SC Social Issues; Religion GA 438WX UT WOS:000169078200009 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR Talley, JD Braden, GA Tcheng, JE Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Navetta, FI Berger, PB Popma, JJ Dangas, G Gallo, R Sane, DC Saucedo, JF Jia, G Lincoff, AM Theroux, P Holmes, DR Teirstein, PS Kereiakes, DJ AF Steinhubl, SR Talley, JD Braden, GA Tcheng, JE Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Navetta, FI Berger, PB Popma, JJ Dangas, G Gallo, R Sane, DC Saucedo, JF Jia, G Lincoff, AM Theroux, P Holmes, DR Teirstein, PS Kereiakes, DJ TI Point-of-care measured platelet inhibition correlates with a reduced risk of an adverse cardiac event after percutaneous coronary intervention - Results of the GOLD (AU-Assessing Ultegra) multicenter study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE angioplasty; platelets; complications ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; UNSTABLE ANGINA; RECEPTOR; ABCIXIMAB; BLOCKADE; AGGREGATION; ANTIBODY; BINDING; IIIA; 7E3 AB Background-The optimal level of platelet inhibition with a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonist necessary to minimize thrombotic complications in patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is currently unknown. Methods and Results-Five hundred patients undergoing a PCI with the planned use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor had platelet inhibition measured at 10 minutes, 1 hour, 8 hours, and 24 hours after the initiation of therapy with the Ultegra Rapid Platelet Function Assay (Accumetrics). Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs: composite of death, myocardial infarction, and urgent target vessel revascularization) were prospectively monitored, and the incidence correlated with the measured level of platelet function inhibition at all time points. One quarter of all patients did not achieve greater than or equal to 95% inhibition 10 minutes after the bolus and experienced a significantly higher incidence of MACEs (14.4% versus 6.4%, P=0.006). Patients whose platelet function was <70% inhibited at 8 hours after the start of therapy had a MACE rate of 25% versus 8.1% for those 70% inhibited (P=0.009). By multivariate analysis, platelet function inhibition greater than or equal to 95% at 10 minutes after the start of therapy was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of a MACE (odds ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96, P=0.04). Conclusions-Substantial variability in the level of platelet function inhibition is achieved with GP IIb/IIIa antagonist therapy among patients undergoing PCI. The level of platelet function inhibition as measured by a point-of-care assay is an independent predictor for the risk of MACEs after PCI. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Carl & Edyth Lindner Res Ctr Clin Cardiovasc Res, Cincinnati, OH USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. Scripps Clin, La Jolla, CA USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Mother Francis Hosp, Tyler, TX USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Cardiovasc Res Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Montreal Heart Inst, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 225 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 29 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 21 BP 2572 EP 2578 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 437UW UT WOS:000169012800020 PM 11382726 ER PT J AU Sun, G Soref, RA AF Sun, G Soref, RA TI Phonon-pumped terahertz gain in n-type GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERSUBBAND AB Local population inversion and far-IR gain are proposed and theoretically analyzed for an unbiased n-doped GaAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As superlattice pumped solely by phonons. The lasing transition occurs at the Brillouin zone boundary of the superlattice wave vector k(z) between the two conduction minibands CB1 and CB2 of the opposite curvature in k(z) space. The proposed waveguided structure is contacted above and below by heat sinks at 300 K and 77 K, respectively. Atop the superlattice, a heat buffer layer confines longitudinal optical phonons for enhanced optical-phonon pumping of CB1 electrons. A gain of 345 cm(-1) at 4.5 THz is predicted for a doping density of 2.8x10(16) cm(-3). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 22 BP 3520 EP 3522 DI 10.1063/1.1376432 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 435MJ UT WOS:000168885000048 ER PT J AU Wisnowski, JW Montgomery, DC Simpson, JR AF Wisnowski, JW Montgomery, DC Simpson, JR TI A Comparative analysis of multiple outlier detection procedures in the linear regression model SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE outlier; multiple outliers; robust regression; minimum volume ellipsoid; Monte Carlo simulation ID ROBUST REGRESSION; MULTIVARIATE DATA; HIGH BREAKDOWN; MONTE-CARLO; IDENTIFICATION AB We evaluate several published techniques to detect multiple outliers in linear regression using an extensive Monte Carlo simulation. These procedures include both direct methods from algorithms and indirect methods from robust regression estimators. We evaluate the impact of outlier density and geometry, regressor variable dimension, and outlying distance in both leverage and residual on detection capability and false alarm (swamping) probability. The simulation scenarios focus on outlier configurations likely to be encountered in practice and use a designed experiment approach. The results for each scenario provide insight and limitations to performance for each technique. Finally, we summarize each procedure's performance and make recommendations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Florida A&M Univ Florida State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD MAY 28 PY 2001 VL 36 IS 3 BP 351 EP 382 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(00)00042-6 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 434AD UT WOS:000168792200006 ER PT J AU Teo, BK Zhang, H AF Teo, BK Zhang, H TI Design and synthesis of macrocyclic multidentate polyphosphine ligands with nano-sized cavities for the encapsulation of vertex-sharing polyicosahedral mixed-metal nanoclusters SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE multidentate polyphosphine ligands; nano-sized cavities; nanoclusters; macrocyclic ID AG-M M=PT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AU-AG; STEREOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; BRIDGING LIGANDS; SITE PREFERENCE; GOLD CLUSTER; COMPLEXES AB Elucidation of the stereochemical and bonding principles of mixed-metal clusters in the nanosize regime (containing tens to hundreds of metal atoms) will lead to better control of their size, shape, composition, and structure, and hence their physical and chemical properties. Ultimately, such information will result in a better understanding of, for example, alloy formation and site preference in multimetallic systems or phases and reactivities and selectivities of multimetallic catalysts as well as lead to new materials of technological importance. Our work in this area gave rise to the synthesis and structural characterization of a series of nanosized Au-Ag clusters whose metal frameworks can be described as vertex-sharing polyicosahedra. We refer to these high-nuclearity mixed-metal clusters as 'clusters of clusters'. This 'cluster of clusters' growth pathway follows a well-defined growth sequence, from a single icosahedron with 13 atoms (s(1)(13)) to an icosahedron of 13 icosahedra with 127 atoms (s(13)(127)). Using monodentate phosphine ligands such as triphenylphosphine, the most successful synthetic route to the polyicosahedral clusters (s(n)(N)) is based on a spontaneous but stepwise agglomeration of icosahedral cluster units via a progressive reduction. Beyond four icosahedral units, however, it becomes increasingly difficult to crystallize and chararacterize the compound. In this paper, the design and synthesis of a new series of macrocyclic polyphosphine ligands, containing multiple units of dibenzophosphole (DBP) as building blocks, are described. By analogy to the guest-host chemistry such as the (crown ether)-(alkali metal) complexes, these large polyphosphine ring systems, with cavity sizes ranging from 10 to 30 Angstrom in diameter, can be used to stabilize or encapsulate the larger vertex-sharing polyicosahedral mixed-metal (e.g. Au-Ag and Au-Ag-Pt) nanoclusters. Conversely, specifically designed macrocyclic multidentate polyphosphine ligands can be used as templates for the 'growth' of polyicosahedral metal cluster of particular size and shape. The suitability of the DBP ligands in large metal cluster synthesis was illustrated by our successful synthesis and structural characterization of a number of Au-Ag nanoclusters based on phenyldibenzophosphole (PDBP) ligand. While these macrocyclic polyphosphine ligands were originally designed for vertex-sharing polyicosahedral metal clusters, they can also be used to synthesize other polyhedral metal nanoclusters of various sizes and shapes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Teo, BK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Rm 4500,845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAY 28 PY 2001 VL 317 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0164-1212(00)00104-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 442HL UT WOS:000169279100001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Brice, C Mahaffey, DW Zhang, H Schwendner, K Evans, DJ Fraser, HL AF Zhang, XD Brice, C Mahaffey, DW Zhang, H Schwendner, K Evans, DJ Fraser, HL TI Characterization of laser-deposited TiAl alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 Lucent Technol, Breinigsville, PA 18031 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, WL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, XD (reprint author), Lucent Technol, 9999 Hamilton Blvd, Breinigsville, PA 18031 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 25 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2419 EP 2424 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)00915-0 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 452KV UT WOS:000169857600008 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Boatz, JA Thompson, DL TI Classical and quantum-mechanical studies of crystalline FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HIGH-PRESSURE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE AB First principles molecular orbital and plane-wave ab initio calculations have been used to investigate the structural and vibrational properties of the highly efficient low sensitive explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2 dinitroethylene (FOX-7) in both the gas and solid phases. The ab initio molecular orbital calculations performed at second-order (MP2) and fourth-order (MP4) Moller-Plesset levels and using density-functional theory (DFT) methods with B3LYP functional indicate that in the gas phase FOX-7 is the most stable conformer relative to its cis-1,2 and trans-1,2 isomers. The calculated MP2 and DFT structures for the FOX-7 molecule agree well with the experimental X-ray configuration but with twists of the nitro and amino groups much larger than in the solid phase. The calculated fundamental vibrational frequencies at the DFT level generally compare well. with the MP2 results. The IR spectra were computed for the three isomers. The structural properties of the FOX-7 crystal have been studied by a plane-wave DFT method. These calculations were done with periodic boundary conditions in all three directions. The optimization of the crystal structure has been done with full relaxation of the atomic positions and of the lattice parameters under P2(1)/n symmetry. The predicted crystal structure is in good agreement with X-ray data. We have developed an intermolecular potential to describe the structure of the FOX-7 crystal in the approximation of rigid molecules. This potential is composed of pairwise exp-6 Buckingham terms and Coulombic interactions. Crystal-packing calculations without symmetry constraints performed with the proposed potential accurately reproduce the main crystallographic features and yield very good agreement with the estimated lattice energy. This intermolecular potential was further tested in isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics simulations at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range of 4.2-450 K. It is found that the increase of temperature does not significantly change the orientations of the molecules inside the unit cell. The thermal expansion coefficients calculated for the model indicate anisotropic behavior with the largest expansion along the b crystallographic direction. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Thompson, DL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 48 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 24 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 20 BP 5010 EP 5021 DI 10.1021/jp010289m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 436AT UT WOS:000168914900029 ER PT J AU Kasten, LS Grant, JT Grebasch, N Voevodin, N Arnold, FE Donley, MS AF Kasten, LS Grant, JT Grebasch, N Voevodin, N Arnold, FE Donley, MS TI An XPS study of cerium dopants in sol-gel coatings for aluminum 2024-T3 SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Metal Finishing Techniques for Aerospace Applications CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP USAF Res Lab DE aluminum alloy; sol-gel; cerium; photoelectron spectroscopy; aluminum ID CORE-LEVEL AB Corrosion protection is a key requirement for coatings on aircraft as the US Air Force extends the lifetime of its fleet. Coating systems for aluminum have long incorporated chromates in conversion coatings to protect against corrosion, but environmental restrictions require that alternative coating systems be developed. Cerium has been proposed as an alternative to chromate inhibitors, as have several other rare earth elements, because the rare earths behave as cathodic inhibitors in aluminum. Epoxy silicate sol-gels, containing a few wt.% of cerium salts, were investigated as coatings on aluminum alloy 2024-T3. The salts used were cerium(III) chloride, cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate, and ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA) was used to study both the doped sol-gels and reference cerium compounds in order to determine the oxidation state of the cerium at the surface of the sol-gel coatings. No change in the oxidation state of the cerium in the sol-gels was found. Coupled with electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements, the incorporation of cerium into sol-gels seems promising for future corrosion protection of aluminum 2024-T3. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 13 TC 134 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 22 PY 2001 VL 140 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01004-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 427JP UT WOS:000168401300003 ER PT J AU Khobaib, M Reynolds, LB Donley, MS AF Khobaib, M Reynolds, LB Donley, MS TI A comparative evaluation of corrosion protection of sol-gel based coatings systems SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Metal Finishing Techniques for Aerospace Applications CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO SP USAF Res Lab DE corrosion prevention; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; chromate conversion coating; Al 2024-T3 prohibition; bode plot; Nyquist plot; polyurethane ID METALS AB Sol-gel technology offers a wide choice of chemistries and is currently perceived as a potential replacement for current chromate treatments. The corrosion prevention behavior of a commercially available sol-gel surface pretreatment with six different primers was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Eighteen different coatings systems were selected for evaluation. The test panels were prepared in three separate treatment groups of deoxidization only, Alodine 1200 chromate conversion treatment, and Lord Aeroglaze sol-gel 110 non-chromate surface treatment, followed by six different primer coatings, and a polyurethane top coat. A variety of environmental conditions were generated based on Harrison's solution, salt fog and UV light exposure. Electrochemical impedance measurements were obtained from panels exposed to continuous immersion, alternate immersion in Harrison's solution and an alternate cycle of salt fog and UV chamber. The corrosion behavior of sol-gel based coatings was compared to that of chromate conversion coatings and de-oxidized samples. Scribed panels were also tested to evaluate the corrosion resistance behavior of scratched or cracked coatings. Of all the 18 coatings systems investigated, the E-coat based system showed the best corrosion resistance performance. The sol-gel treated E-coat provided an acceptable corrosion protection level, a barrier resistance of over 10(8) Omega and performed similar to the conventional chromate system, as seen from the results of unscribed panels. However, the scribed panel data clearly demonstrates the superior performance of the Alodine 1200 treated systems over the sol-gel based coating systems. Cyclic salt fog/UV exposure did not provide clear discrimination over the alternate immersion test. The scribed panel, on the other hand, did provide a higher degree of discrimination in a short time. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmetall Mat Div,Coatings Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khobaib, M (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 22 PY 2001 VL 140 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)00998-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 427JP UT WOS:000168401300004 ER PT J AU Voevodin, NN Grebasch, NT Soto, WS Arnold, FE Donley, MS AF Voevodin, NN Grebasch, NT Soto, WS Arnold, FE Donley, MS TI Potentiodynamic evaluation of sol-gel coatings with inorganic inhibitors SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Metal Finishing Techniques for Aerospace Applications CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO SP USAF Res Lab DE aluminum alloy; corrosion; coating; sol-gel; inhibitor ID ALUMINUM; CHROMATE AB Sol-gel coatings were investigated as potential replacements for chromate-based surface treatments on aircraft aluminum alloys. Unlike chromate based treatments current sol-gel coatings do not have the ability to leach corrosion inhibitors upon coating damage and minimize corrosion of the unprotected area. As an alternative, environmentally compliant non-chromate inhibitors of Ce(NO3)(3), NaVO3 and Na2MoO4 were incorporated into a Zr-epoxy soi-gel, Results are reported on the coatings chemical analysis and their corrosion protection performance based on electrochemical studies. Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 test coupons coated with protective sol-gel films were found to provide considerable corrosion protection. The improved performance characteristics were derived from the sol-gel ability to form a uniform, low defect, barrier coating. Coatings doped with Ce(NO3)(3) had barrier properties at Least as good as the standard sol-gel coatings. Coatings with Na2MoO4 and NaVO3 did not provide adequate corrosion protection. The use of corrosion inhibitors within organically modified sol-gel coatings is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Corp, Dayton, OH USA. So Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH USA. RP Voevodin, NN (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 11 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 22 PY 2001 VL 140 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)00999-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 427JP UT WOS:000168401300005 ER PT J AU Voevodin, N Jeffcoate, C Simon, L Khobaib, M Donley, M AF Voevodin, N Jeffcoate, C Simon, L Khobaib, M Donley, M TI Characterization of pitting corrosion in bare and sol-gel coated aluminum 2024-T3 alloy SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Metal Finishing Techniques for Aerospace Applications CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO SP USAF Res Lab DE aluminum alloy; pitting corrosion; sol-gel coating; polarization test AB The prevention of pitting corrosion in aerospace aluminum alloys by the application of protective sol-gel coatings requires a thorough understanding of pit formation kinetics and morphology developments in such surface coating systems. This study reports results of chemical and electrochemical methods of pitting corrosion tests for bare and sol-gel coated Al 2074-T3 alloy. Specific attention is focused on the characterization of pitting in samples coated with vinyl-silicate and epoxy-silicate sol-gel coatings. Specimens were exposed to a variety of chemically aggressive environments, based on 3-5% NaCl solutions with addition of HCl and H2SO4, including a standard CASS solution. The exposure of bare samples to these environments produced extensive surface corrosion, but pits were nor observed for sol-gel coated samples. Anodic polarization tests with potentials above that required for pitting in bare samples were used to initiate pitting corrosion in sol-gel coated samples. A corrosion current monitoring test provided a method of controlling the pit formation process, which provides well-defined pits in terms of spatial density and geometry. A two-stage kinetic phase in pit development was observed and correlated with pit morphological developments in sol-gel coatings. An initial low current stage was associated with pit penetration through the coating to the surface and the secondary high current stage was associated with an active growth stage which grew in sub-coating surface interface regions. Results of this research provide a basis for designing and improving corrosion protection systems based on the application of sol-gel coatings. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Systran Fed Syst, Dayton, OH USA. RP Voevodin, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 22 PY 2001 VL 140 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01000-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 427JP UT WOS:000168401300006 ER PT J AU Wu, RLC Lanter, W Wrbanek, J DeJoseph, C AF Wu, RLC Lanter, W Wrbanek, J DeJoseph, C TI Large-area surface treatment by ion beam technique SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Metal Finishing Techniques for Aerospace Applications CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO SP USAF Res Lab DE ion beam technique; diamond-like carbon; surface treatment ID CARBON-FILMS AB A large-area ion beam deposition system has been used extensively for depositing diamond-like carbon films by a direct ion-beam process. An ultra high vacuum ion beam system, consisting of a 20-cm diameter RF excited (13.56 MHz) ion gun and a four-axis substrate scanner, has been used to modify large surfaces (up to 1000 cm(2)) of various materials, including 304 and 316 stainless steel, 440C and M50 steels, aluminum, aluminum alloys, Ti-6Al-4V, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, polycarbonates, infrared windows and polycrystalline diamond, by depositing varying chemical compositions of diamond-like carbon films. The influence of ion energy, RF power, and gas composition (H-2/CH4, Ar/CH4, O-2/H-2/CH4 and N-2/H-2/CH4), on the diamond-like carbon characteristics has been investigated. Particular attention was focused on the adhesion, environmental effects, coefficient of friction and wear factors of the diamond-like carbon films on the various substrates under space-like environments. A quadrupole mass spectrometer and a total ion-current measuring device have been utilized to monitor the ion compositions of the gas mixtures of CH4/H-2, CH4/Ar, CH4/H-2/O-2 and CH4/H-2/N-2 during the deposition process for quality control and process optimization. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 K Syst Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, WL, PRPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, RLC (reprint author), K Syst Corp, 1522 Marsetta Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 22 PY 2001 VL 140 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01001-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 427JP UT WOS:000168401300007 ER PT J AU Dayton, D Browne, S Gonglewski, J Restaino, S AF Dayton, D Browne, S Gonglewski, J Restaino, S TI Characterization and control of a multielement dual-frequency liquid-crystal device for high-speed adaptive optical wave-front correction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE MODULATOR; TURBULENCE; LIGHT AB Multielement nematic liquid-crystal devices have been used by others and ourselves for closed-loop adaptive control of optical wave-front distortions. Until recently the phase retardance of available devices could be controlled rapidly in only one direction. The phase retardance of the dual-frequency device can be controlled rapidly in both directions. Understanding the dynamics of the phase retardance change is critical to the development of a high-speed control algorithm. We describe measurements and experiments leading to the closed-loop control of a multielement dual-frequency liquid-crystal adaptive optic. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92806 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1900 Randolph SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM dayton@aptec.com NR 21 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 15 BP 2345 EP 2355 DI 10.1364/AO.40.002345 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 433KQ UT WOS:000168758900001 PM 18357243 ER PT J AU Vaghjiani, GL AF Vaghjiani, GL TI Gas phase reaction kinetics of O atoms with (CH3)(2)NNH2, CH3NHNH2, and N2H4, and branching ratios of the OH product SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; FAST O(P-3) ATOMS; SPACE-SHUTTLE; THRUSTER PLUMES; 630 NM; 298 K; COLLISIONS; CO2; EMISSIONS; WATER AB The gas-phase reaction kinetics of O atoms with the two alkylated diamine rocket fuels, (CH3)(2)NNH2 and CH3NHNH2, was studied in a discharge flow-tube apparatus under pseudo-first-order conditions in [O atom]. Direct vuv cw-resonance fluorescence monitoring of the [O atom] temporal profiles in a known excess of the [diamine] yielded the following absolute second-order O atom rate coefficient expressions: k(1) = (1.94 +/- 0.34) x 10(-11)e((25 +/- 25)/T) and k(2) = (2.29 +/- 0.40) x 10(-11) e((-145 +/- 40)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, for reactions with (CH3)(2)NNH2 and CH3NHNH2 in the temperature range 232-644 K and in He pressure of 2.0 Torr. The total yields of OH in the reactions were measured to be (0.12 +/- 0.09) and (0.14 +/- 0.10) at 298 K and in 2.0 Torr He pressure. Close to similar to 53% and similar to 59% of the OH produced was estimated to be vibrationally excited. A pulsed-photolysis reactor was used to extend our measurements on the O atom reaction kinetics with the unsubstituted rocket fuel, N2H4 that we had previously studied in the flow-tube apparatus. At 298 K, both the rate coefficient, k(3) = (0.59 +/- 0.12) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the total OH yield = (0.35 +/- 0.14) did not show any discernible dependence on He or N-2 buffer gas pressures of up to 404 Torr. The magnitude of, the weak temperature dependence and the lack of pressure effect in the O + N2H4 reaction rate coefficient suggests that simple direct metathesis of H atom may not be important compared to initial addition of the O atom to the diamine, followed by rapid dissociation of the intermediate into a variety of products. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, AFRL,PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Vaghjiani, GL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, AFRL,PRSA, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 17 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 19 BP 4682 EP 4690 DI 10.1021/jp004492d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 434FC UT WOS:000168803600015 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Walter, EA Crawford, S McElmeel, ML Jorgensen, JH AF Murray, CK Walter, EA Crawford, S McElmeel, ML Jorgensen, JH TI Abiotrophia bacteremia in a patient with neutropenic fever and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Abiotrophia isolates SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI; PATTERNS AB We report a case of bacteremia due to Abiotrophia species in a patient with neutropenic fever and cancer who was receiving levofloxacin prophylaxis, followed by empirical therapy with cefepime; the organism was resistant to both antibiotics. We provide susceptibility data on 20 additional bloodstream isolates of Abiotrophia species. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 10 BP E140 EP E142 DI 10.1086/320150 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 430FB UT WOS:000168562900031 PM 11317266 ER PT J AU Katzberg, SJ Walker, RA Roles, JH Lynch, T Black, PG AF Katzberg, SJ Walker, RA Roles, JH Lynch, T Black, PG TI First GPS signals reflected from the interior of a tropical storm: Preliminary results from Hurricane Michael SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using GPS signals reflected from the ocean surface is developing into a simple technique for measuring sea-state and inferring surface wind speeds. Theoretical models have been developed which are considered valid to approximately 24 meters per second. The GPS reflection technique has an obvious extension to extremely high sea states, cyclones and extra-tropical storms. In October of 2000 a GPS system mounted in a NOAA Hurricane Hunter research aircraft, was flown into Hurricane Michael off the South Carolina coast. The first acquisition of GPS signals reflected from the sea surface inside tropical cyclones was accomplished. This paper presents some examples of the data sets as well as early wind speed retrieval results using direct extensions of current models. Data from the GPS wind speed retrievals as well as from direct aircraft measurements are compared and discussed. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. OMAO CASC, MacDill AFB, FL 33608 USA. OAR MASC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Katzberg, SJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1981 EP 1984 DI 10.1029/2000GL012823 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 431EB UT WOS:000168617900020 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Mosley, DE AF Matson, CL Mosley, DE TI Reflective tomography reconstruction of satellite features - field results SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-RADAR MEASUREMENTS AB We report on the first satellite feature reconstruction, to our knowledge, by use of range-resolved reflective tomography techniques from nonimaging laser radar data collected on an orbiting satellite. The reconstructed features were two retroreflectors mounted on a satellite. The data were collected with a coherent laser radar system located at the Maul Space Surveillance Site in Maul, Hawaii. We utilized a filtered backpropagation algorithm to reconstruct the images using intensity projections created from the raw data. Key components of the image reconstruction process included the calculation of tomographic angles, the alignment of the intensity projections to an appropriate center of rotation, and compensation for the lack of data for a full 360 degrees set of views. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Squadron Officer Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM charles.matson@kirtland.af.mil NR 23 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 14 BP 2290 EP 2296 DI 10.1364/AO.40.002290 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 430UW UT WOS:000168594700007 PM 18357237 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZP Repperger, DW AF Jiang, ZP Repperger, DW TI New results in decentralized adaptive non-linear stabilization using output feedback SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; INTERCONNECTED SYSTEMS; TRACKING; DESIGN; STABILITY AB This paper proposes new results in decentralized adaptive stabilization for a class of large-scale non-linear systems with output measurements. Like previous work, the parametric uncertainty does not satisfy any matching conditions and the uncertain interconnections may be highly non-linear. Unlike most previous results in the literature of decentralized control, the development of our systematic approach does not rely on the crucial assumption that the (unmeasured) zero-dynamics of each individual local system are linear and enter the system additively and linearly. Simulation results based on a practical example of two inverted pendulums on carts demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized adaptive stabilization methodology. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiang, ZP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 74 IS 7 BP 659 EP 673 DI 10.1080/00207170010025258 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 429KW UT WOS:000168517000002 ER PT J AU Xia, XW Hsiung, D Bhatia, PS Shahriar, MS Grove, TT Hemmer, PR AF Xia, XW Hsiung, D Bhatia, PS Shahriar, MS Grove, TT Hemmer, PR TI Polarization selective motional holeburning for high efficiency, degenerate optical phase conjugation in rubidium SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE phase conjugator; aberration correction; optical resonators ID SODIUM VAPOR; COHERENT; LASER; GAIN AB We have observed high reflectivity (> 40) optical phase conjugation for a low pump intensity (100 mW/mm(2)), using degenerate four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor. The polarization of the beams were selected such that the diffracting grating was formed in the Zeeman sublevel coherence. We find that only a selected band of atoms moving at non-zero velocities contribute to this process, by forming, in the atom's frame, a non-degenerate double-A system. This observation makes it possible to construct a simple, compact, and highly efficient phase conjugator using a semiconductor laser, without any modulators, for many applications, without any concern resulting from frequency mismatch between the probe and the conjugate. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bhatia, PS (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 8 PY 2001 VL 191 IS 3-6 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01101-4 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 431FV UT WOS:000168621900024 ER PT J AU Martinez, T Wick, DV Restaino, SR AF Martinez, T Wick, DV Restaino, SR TI Foveated, wide field-of-view imaging system using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION AB The field-of-view (FOV) of a simple imaging system can be dramatically improved using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). A SLM can be used to correct the off-axis aberrations that often limit the useful FOV of an imaging system giving near diffraction-limited performance at much larger field angles than would otherwise be possible. Foveated imaging refers to the variation in spatial resolution across the image caused by using the SLM in this application, and it is useful in reducing bandwidth requirements for data transmission. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Martinez, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 7 PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 429MP UT WOS:000168521400004 PM 19417853 ER PT J AU Brannon, RB Fowler, CB AF Brannon, RB Fowler, CB TI Benign fibro-osseous lesions: A review of current concepts SO ADVANCES IN ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE benign fibroosseous lesion; ossifying fibroma; cementifying fibroma; cemento-osseous; dysplasia; fibrous ID CEMENTO-OSSIFYING FIBROMA; DIFFUSE SCLEROSING OSTEOMYELITIS; SIMPLE BONE-CYSTS; GIGANTIFORM-CEMENTOMA; FIBROOSSEOUS LESIONS; DISTINGUISHING FEATURES; EIKENELLA-CORRODENS; CALCIFIED SPHERULES; DYSPLASIA; JAWS AB The benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOL) represent a clinically diverse group of disorders of bone that share similar histopathologic features. As a group, they are relatively common in the craniofacial complex, especially the jaws. Although the general concept of BFOL is relatively well known, specific diagnostic interpretation of individual cases is often challenging. New concepts and controversies have arisen over the past 10 to 15 years regarding classification and diagnostic criteria. However, among the new theories and contentions, there is now essential agreement that the osseous dysplasias represent a single disease process, while the so-called "juvenile active ossifying fibroma" and other "aggressive," "active," "psammomatoid" ossifying/cementifying fibromas remain controversial. This review is presented to update the surgical pathologist on the various entities comprising the spectrum of BFOL and to examine the criteria for their diagnosis. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70119 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Brannon, RB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Hlth Sci Ctr, 1100 Florida Ave, New Orleans, LA 70119 USA. NR 130 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-4109 J9 ADV ANAT PATHOL JI Adv. Anat. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 126 EP 143 DI 10.1097/00125480-200105000-00002 PG 18 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 426KU UT WOS:000168349000002 PM 11345237 ER PT J AU Berndt, ER Rappaport, NJ AF Berndt, ER Rappaport, NJ TI Price and quality of desktop and mobile personal computers: A quarter-century historical overview SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 113th Annual Meeting of the American-Economic-Association CY JAN 05-07, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Econ Assoc C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. USAF Acad, DFEG, HQ, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Berndt, ER (reprint author), MIT, 50 Mem Dr,E52-452, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. NR 8 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 91 IS 2 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1257/aer.91.2.268 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 439JW UT WOS:000169114600051 ER PT J AU Downs, JR Clearfield, M Tyroler, HA Whitney, EJ Kruyer, W Langendorfer, A Zagrebelsky, V Weis, S Shapiro, DR Beere, PA Gotto, AM AF Downs, JR Clearfield, M Tyroler, HA Whitney, EJ Kruyer, W Langendorfer, A Zagrebelsky, V Weis, S Shapiro, DR Beere, PA Gotto, AM TI Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS): Additional perspectives on tolerability of long-term treatment with lovastatin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; COAGULATION; REDUCTION; PATHWAYS; PROFILE; CANCER; MEN AB This study presents the long-term safety data from AFCAPS/TexCAPS, the first primary prevention trial to demonstrate that men and women with average levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and below average levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) can significantly benefit from long-term treatment to lower LDL-C; lovastatin 20 to 40 mg/day reduced the risk of a first acute major coronary event (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or sudden death) by 37% (p = 0.00008). This double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial, in 6,605 generally healthy middle-aged and older men and women, had prespecified end point and cancer analyses. All analyses were intention-to-treat. Safety monitoring included history, physical examination, and laboratory studies (including hepatic transaminases and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]). All participants, even those who discontinued treatment, were contacted annually for vital status, cardiovascular events, and cancer history. After an average of 5.2 years of follow-up, there were 157 deaths (80 receiving lovastatin and 77 receiving placebo; relative risk [RR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76 to 1.42; p = 0.82); of which 115 were non-cardiovascular (RR 1.21;CI 0.84 to 1.74; p = 0.31), and of these, 82 were due to cancer (RR 1.41; CI 0.91 to 2.19; p = 0.13). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in overall cancer rates, discontinuations for noncardiovascular adverse experiences, or clinically important elevations of hepatic transaminases or CPK, Among those who used cytochrome P450 isoform (CYP3A4) inhibitors, there were no treatment group differences in the frequency of clinically important muscle-related adverse events. Treatment with lovastatin 20 to 40 mg daily for primary prevention of coronary heart disease was well tolerated and reduced the risk of first acute coronary events without increasing the risk of either noncardiovascular mortality or cancer. (C) 2001 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Inst Heart & Vasc, San Antonio, TX USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA USA. RP Gotto, AM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, 1300 York Ave,Room F105, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1074 EP 1079 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01464-3 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 426MJ UT WOS:000168352700008 PM 11348605 ER PT J AU Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Schweitzer, ME Sanders, TG Raiken, DP Johnson, CE AF Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Schweitzer, ME Sanders, TG Raiken, DP Johnson, CE TI Subtendinous bone marrow edema patterns on MR images of the ankle: Association with symptoms and tendinopathy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERONEUS LONGUS TENDON; FOOT; OSTEOMYELITIS AB OBJECTIVE. We sought to describe a pattern of subtendinous bone marrow edema on MR images of the ankle and to determine if there is an association with location of symptoms and overlying tendinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. At 1.5 T 141 MR examinations of the ankle (116 clinical examinations of patients with chronic pain, 25 of asymptomatic control patients) were performed using T1-weighted, proton density-weighted fast spin-echo, and T2-weighted fat-suppressed fast spin-echo sequences. Images were retrospectively reviewed by two musculoskeletal radiologists for presence of bone marrow edema occurring in a subcortical location associated with the course of the medial or lateral tendon groups, as well as focal thickening or increased M signal within the tendons. These findings were correlated with clinical information regarding symptom location. The association of subtendinous marrow edema with tendinopathy and symptom location was statistically analyzed. RESULTS. Subtendinous bone marrow edema was present at 26 sites on 24 ankle MR examinations (17%) (at the medial malleolus [n = 17] associated with the posterior tibialis tendon0 at the lateral malleolus [n = 6] and the calcaneus [n = 2] associated with the peronens longus and brevis tendons, and at the cuboid [n = 1] associated with the peroneus longus tendon), These subtendinous bone man-ow edema patterns were significantly associated with overlying tendon abnormality medially (p = 0.001) and laterally (p = 0.001), and with symptoms medially (p = 0.0016) but not laterally (p = 0.078). CONCLUSION. On MR images of the ankle, bone marrow edema localized in a subtendinous location is associated with overlying tendinopathy medially and laterally and with ankle pain medially. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Morrison, WB (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 176 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1154 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 424AA UT WOS:000168208900010 PM 11312170 ER PT J AU Kashyap, MVS Ahn, SS Petrik, PV Moore, WS AF Kashyap, MVS Ahn, SS Petrik, PV Moore, WS TI Current training and practice of endovascular surgery: A survey SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Congress on Endovascular Interventions CY FEB 13-17, 2000 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA ID VASCULAR SURGEONS; INTERVENTIONS AB Endovascular surgery (EVS) has become of great interest to the vascular community. However, little data exist about the current status of training and utilization of EVS, thus prompting this survey. During a national vascular meeting, all participants (n = 132) filled out a 2-page questionnaire. Respondents (mean age 39 years, 87% male) were 68 vascular surgeons in practice (52%), and 64 fellows (48%), representing a significant fraction of trainees in North America. Practice location included university hospital (39%), private hospital/clinic (52%), and government hospital (8%). According to respondents, in their respective communities, most of the EVS was performed by radiologists (66%), followed by vascular surgeons (19%), cardiologists (13%), and vascular medicine physicians (2%). A majority of respondents (75%) currently perform EVS; surgeons in practice <3 years had the highest rate (90%). Utilization rates among the nine interventions surveyed ranged from angiography (72%) and angioplasty (65%) to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) (21%) and atherectomy (12%). Procedure totals showed that approximately 20% of fellows performed >100 angiograms and 10% performed >25 endovascular grafts/year, whereas nonfellows performed few of the latter. Most of the EVS (72%) was performed in the operating room with portable imaging equipment and EVS accounted for 14% of all vascular procedures. Most respondents (86%) believed that EVS would become a major component of vascular surgery and comprise 30% of their future practice. Seventy-six percent thought their training was insufficient and 85% said they would devote 3 months or less for further endovascular training. In conclusion, a vast majority of vascular trainees and surgeons are performing EVS, however, individual caseloads vary greatly. The belief that endovascular surgery will play an increasing role in vascular surgery practice is strong and interest in further training of short duration is widespread. Broader-based data collection and longitudinal studies on this issue are warranted. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Div Vasc Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ahn, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Gonda Goldschmied Vasc Ctr, 200 Med Plaza,Suite 526, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 294 EP 305 PG 12 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 438BV UT WOS:000169034600004 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Rammerstorfer, FG AF Buryachenko, VA Rammerstorfer, FG TI Local effective thermoelastic properties of graded random structure matrix composites SO ARCHIVE OF APPLIED MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE microstructure; inhomogeneity; elasticity; functionally graded material ID STRUCTURE PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; EFFECTIVE ELASTIC PROPERTIES; INTERNAL RESIDUAL-STRESSES; METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICAL APPROACH; DISTRIBUTED INCLUSIONS; MEDIA; FIELDS; MODULI; FLUCTUATIONS AB We consider a linearly thermoelastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically inhomogeneous random set of ellipsoidal uncoated or coated inclusions, where the concentration of the inclusions is a function of the coordinates (functionally graded material). Effective properties, such as compliance and thermal expansion coefficient, as well as first statistical moments of stresses in the components are estimated for the general case of inhomogeneity of the thermoelastic inclusion properties. The micromechanical approach is based on the Green function technique as well as on the generalization of the multiparticle effective held method (MEFM), previously proposed for the research of statistically homogeneous random structure composites. The hypothesis of effective field homogeneity near the inclusions is used; nonlocal effects of overall constitutive relations are not considered. Nonlocal dependences of local effective thermoelastic properties as well as those of conditional averages of the stresses in the components on the concentration of the inclusions are demonstrated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Lightweight Struct & Aerosp Engn, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Rammerstorfer, Franz/R-9329-2016 NR 117 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0939-1533 J9 ARCH APPL MECH JI Arch. Appl. Mech. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4-5 BP 249 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s004190000122 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 445KN UT WOS:000169456800004 ER PT J AU Williams, C Butler, E Roman, GC AF Williams, C Butler, E Roman, GC TI Treatment of myelopathy in Sjogren syndrome with a combination of prednisone and cyclophosphamide SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELOPATHY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM DISEASE; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MANIFESTATIONS; NEUROPATHY; CRITERIA AB Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of primary Sjogren syndrome, but central nervous system involvement also occurs and may be the only extraglandular manifestation Sicca symptoms may also be minimal. Combinations of lesions along with relapses and remissions can suggest multiple sclerosis in the proper clinical setting, making the correct diagnosis elusive. Objectives: To report a case of progressive transverse myelopathy with previous optic neuropathy in primary central nervous system Sjogren syndrome (CNS-SS), and to review 17 previously reported cases and the patient's responses to various therapies. Design: Case report and literature review. Setting: University hospital. Patient: A 63-year-old Hispanic woman with a 10-month history of progressive spastic paraparesis associated with optic neuropathy and a T10 sensory level. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multifocal, contrast-enhancing lesions in the spinal cord. The patient was diagnosed as having CNS-SS because of the presence of sicca symptoms, abnormal serological test results, and salivary gland biopsy results, which fulfilled San Diego criteria for "definite" Sjogren syndrome. She responded to treatment with a combination of prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Conclusions: Diagnosis of primary CNS-SS requires a high index of suspicion and specialized clinical testing. Treatment with pulse doses of corticosteroids alone may be suboptimal, but results of treatment with a combination of corticosteroids and either cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil have been encouraging. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Williams, C (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, SFS, Dept Neurol, 59 MDOS MMCNN,2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 24 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 58 IS 5 BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1001/archneur.58.5.815 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 431AY UT WOS:000168610800015 PM 11346378 ER PT J AU Cina, SJ Lancaster-Weiss, KJ Lecksell, K Epstein, JI AF Cina, SJ Lancaster-Weiss, KJ Lecksell, K Epstein, JI TI Correlation of Ki-67 and p53 with the New World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification system for urothelial neoplasia SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONAL-CELL-CARCINOMA; BLADDER-CANCER; URINARY-BLADDER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; GENE; MUTATIONS; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION AB Objective.-The present study examines p53 and Ki-67 staining patterns of the diagnostic entities included within the new World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) classification of urothelial neoplasms. Design.-We retrospectively studied 151 bladder biopsies from 81 patients with the following neoplasms: normal urothelium (n = 34 biopsies); low-grade intraurothelial neoplasia (LGIUN; n = 19); high-grade intraurothelial neoplasia (HGIUN; n = 20); papillary hyperplasia (n = 4); papilloma (n = 3); papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential (LMP; n = 12); low-grade papillary carcinoma (n = 28); and high-grade papillary carcinoma (n = 31). Sections were labeled immunohistochemically with antibodies to p53 and Ki-67 (MIB-1). Two hundred cells from each lesion were visually counted, and the percentage of positive cells was tabulated without knowledge of the WHO/ISUP diagnosis. Results.-In flat lesions, p53 positivity was of limited diagnostic utility; the marker was present in 6 of 34 benign biopsies, 6 of 19 LGIUNs, and 10 of 20 HGIUNs. In one case in which HGIUN was present elsewhere in the bladder, 29% of the benign urothelial cells were p53 positive. In papillary lesions, p53 positivity was not seen in 4 of 4 cases of papillary hyperplasia, 3 of 3 papillomas, and 8 of 12 LMP tumors. In contrast, p53 was detected in 18 of 28 low-grade and 26 of 31 high-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas. A p53 labeling index (LI) greater than 30% was only seen in HGIUNs and high-grade papillary carcinomas. In flat lesions, an increased Ki-67 LI separated out benign urothelium (mean LI, 0.62%) from dysplasia (mean LI, 3.3%) and HGIUN (mean LI, 11.6%). In papillary lesions, Ki-67 positivity was as follows: papillary hyperplasia (mean LI, 1.1%); papilloma (mean LI, 4.3%); LMP tumors (mean LI, 2.5%), low-grade papillary carcinoma (mean LI, 7.3%); and high-grade carcinoma (mean LI, 15.7%). A Ki-67 LI greater than 10% was seen only in low- and high-grade papillary carcinomas, HGIUN, and single cases of LGIUN and papillary neoplasm of LMP. Conclusions.-An increased proliferative index as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 (MIB-1) is most often seen in papillary carcinoma and HGIUN. Marked p53 positivity is also characteristic of carcinoma but may be seen in benign-appearing urothelium, suggesting a "field effect" with occult molecular aberration. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, LAFB, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Epstein, JI (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 31 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 125 IS 5 BP 646 EP 651 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 428YF UT WOS:000168488700011 PM 11300936 ER PT J AU Elerian, LF Sparks, JW Meyer, TA Zwischenberger, JB Doski, J Goretsky, MJ Warner, BW Cheu, HW Lally, KP AF Elerian, LF Sparks, JW Meyer, TA Zwischenberger, JB Doski, J Goretsky, MJ Warner, BW Cheu, HW Lally, KP TI Usefulness of surveillance cultures in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation SO ASAIO JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEPSIS; SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; BLOOD AB Sepsis is difficult to identify in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This study evaluates the usefulness of surveillance cultures obtained during ECMO. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 187 patients from four ECMO centers with birth weights 1,574 to 4,900 gm and gestational ages 33-43 weeks, over a 4 year interval. Most patients had surveillance brood cultures daily, and tracheal aspirates and urine culture every other day. Charts were reviewed for culture results before, during, and for the 7 days after ECMO, and clinical response to the culture results. A total of 2,423 cultures were obtained during 1,487 days of ECMO, of which 155 were positive (6.4%): 13 of 1,370 blood cultures (0.9%), 137 of 850 tracheal aspirate cultures (16%), and 5 of 203 urine cultures (2.3%). After 72 hours, tracheal aspirate cultures became positive with nosocomial organisms in 33 of 131 patients. None of 153 bacterial urine cultures were positive, and only one of 34 viral urine cultures were positive (CMV). We conclude that routine daily blood cultures are not useful in neonatal ECMO. Tracheal aspirate cultures may be helpful in the management of antibiotic therapy in patients on ECMO for more than 5 days. Routine bacterial urine cultures did not provide useful information. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Mem Hermann Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Lally, KP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Surg, MSB 5-258,6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1058-2916 J9 ASAIO J JI Asaio J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 47 IS 3 BP 220 EP 223 DI 10.1097/00002480-200105000-00012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA 431HQ UT WOS:000168626100009 PM 11374761 ER PT J AU Price, SD Egan, MP Carey, SJ Mizuno, DR Kuchar, TA AF Price, SD Egan, MP Carey, SJ Mizuno, DR Kuchar, TA TI Midcourse Space Experiment survey of the Galactic plane SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : general; Galaxy : general; surveys; techniques : image processing ID SPIRIT-III RADIOMETER; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; STARS; SPECTROMETER; NEBULA; MODEL; SKY AB The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) surveyed the entire Galactic plane within \b\ less than or equal to 15 degrees in four mid-infrared spectral bands between 6 and 25 mum at a spatial resolution of similar to 18."3. The survey was redundant within \b\ less than or equal to 4.degrees5 with four-fold coverage over two-thirds of the area. These survey data were combined to create 1680 1.degrees5 x 1.degrees5 images that cover the region with 6" pixel spacing in each of the spectral bands. The images preserve the inherent resolution of the data but have up to twice the sensitivity of a single scan. The individual survey observations had to be extensively conditioned to achieve the co-add advantage. The noise equivalent radiance (NER) at 8.3 mum, the most sensitive MSX midinfrared spectral band, varies from similar to1.3 MJy sr(-1) in the inner Galaxy to 3 times that at the latitude limits in the outer Galaxy; the sensitivities of the other MSX mid-infrared bands are 10-25 times less. Additionally, 36 lower resolution 10 degrees x 10 degrees images were generated in each band that span the full latitude and longitude range of the survey. These panoramic images have a resolution of similar to1.'2 with 36" pixel spacing and a six-fold improvement in NER, making them an ideal product for comparison with radio surveys of the Galactic plane. An ancillary set of images has been created from other MSX astronomy experiments that lie within 10 degrees of the Galactic plane. These images either extend the latitude coverage of the survey or provide deeper probes of Galactic structure either by themselves or when added to the survey images. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Steve.Price@hanscom.af.mil; Michael.Egan2@hanscom.af.mil; Sean.Carey@hanscom.af.mil; Don.Mizuno@hanscom.af.mil; Thomas.Kuchar@hanscom.af.mil NR 60 TC 346 Z9 348 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2819 EP 2842 DI 10.1086/320404 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 430UA UT WOS:000168592800045 ER PT J AU Burns, JW Ivan, DJ Stern, CH Patterson, JC Johnson, PC Drew, WE Yates, JT AF Burns, JW Ivan, DJ Stern, CH Patterson, JC Johnson, PC Drew, WE Yates, JT TI Protection to +12 Gz SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE relaxed plus Gz tolerance; straining plus Gz tolerance; seat-back angle; Advanced Technology Anti-G Suit (ATAGS); COMBAT EDGE (CE); impedance plethysmography; neurological imaging; visual performance; cognitive testing; audio/vestibular testing AB Background: The U.S. Air Force has developed + Gz-protective equipment that will provide most pilots protection to +9 Gz with minimal-to-no straining. This equipment includes a pressure breathing system called COMBAT EDGE (CE), which is currently operational, and the Advanced Technology Anti-C Suit (ATAGS), which is not yet operational. For future high-performance aircraft design it is important to know the upper limit of Various protective equipment and techniques. Methods: Six subjects were randomly exposed to a 12-cell matrix composed of + Gz and the following combinations of protective equipment at three seat-back angles (13 degrees, 30 degrees and 55 degrees from the vertical): l) the standard CSU-13B/P anti-G suit (STD); 2) the STD suit with CE; 3) the ATAGS; and 4) the ATAGS with CE. Relaxed, followed by straining +Gz tolerance was determined using 15-s rapid onset runs to a maximum of +12 Gz. A comprehensive battery of baseline and post-exposure medical surveillance studies was performed to evaluate the medical consequences or these high +Gz exposures. Results: All 6 subjects were able to achieve +12 Gz with Various combinations of +Gz-protective equipment, seat-back angle, and various amounts of straining, from none to maximum. When the data were collapsed over all protective equipment there was a significant (p < 0.05) seat effect. Relaxed tolerance to ROR increased with seat-back angle from 13 degrees to 30 degrees to 55 degrees There was also a significant protective equipment effect when the data were collapsed over all seat-back angles. Conclusions: These data confirm that effortless protection to +9 Gz is available using ATAGS/CE with the 13 degrees and 30 degrees seat-back angle (F-15, F-16 and F-22) and to +10.5 Gz with a 55 degrees seat-back angle. Moreover, with ATACS/CE, and a moderate degree of straining, +12 Gz is definitely achievable at 55 degrees, even with reduced anti-G suit pressure at 55 degrees. With additional straining +12 Ct is also achievable at the 13 degrees and 30 degrees seat-back angles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Div Clin Sci, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Inst Aerosp, Cologne, Germany. RP Burns, JW (reprint author), 4127 Mt Laurel Dr, San Antonio, TX 78240 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 72 IS 5 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 427CX UT WOS:000168388200001 PM 11346005 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Cobb, BL AF Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Cobb, BL TI Partial-body exposure of human volunteers to 2450 MHz pulsed or CW fields provokes similar thermoregulatory responses SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; metabolic rate; sweating; skin blood flow; body temperature; microwaves ID RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY; RATS; IRRADIATION; SYSTEM; DRUGS; SKIN; GHZ AB Many reports describe data showing that continuous wave (CW) and pulsed (PW) radiofrequency (RF) fields, at the same frequency and average power density (PD), yield similar response changes in the exposed organism. During whole-body exposure of squirrel monkeys at 2450 MHz CW and PW fields, heat production and heat loss responses were nearly identical. To explore this question in humans, we exposed two different groups of volunteers to 2450 MHz CW (two females, five males) and PW (65 mus pulse width, 10(4) pps; three females, three males) RF fields. We measured thermophysiological responses of heat production and heat loss (esophageal and six skin temperatures, metabolic heat production, local skin blood flow, and local sweat rate) under a standardized protocol (30 min baseline, 45 min RF or sham exposure, 10 min baseline), conducted in three ambient temperatures (T(a) = 24, 28, and 31 degreesC). At each T(a), average PDs studied were 0, 27, and 35 mW/cm(2) (Specific absorption rate (SAR) = 0, 5.94, and 7.7 W/kg). Mean data fur each group showed minimal changes in core temperature and metabolic heat production for all test conditions and no reliable differences between CW and PW exposure. Local skin temperatures showed similar trends for CW and PW exposure that were PD-dependent; only the skin temperature of the upper back (facing the antenna) showed a reliably greater increase (P = .005) during PW exposure than during CW exposure. Local sweat rate and skin blood flow were both T(a)- and PD-dependent and showed greater variability than other measures between CW and PW exposures; this variability was attributable primarily to the characteristics of the two subject groups. With one noted exception, no clear evidence for a differential response to CW and PW fields was found. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 USAF, HEDR, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Inc, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Adair, ER (reprint author), USAF, HEDR, Res Lab, 8315 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1162, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM eleanor.adair@he.brooks.af.mil NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD MAY PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 246 EP 259 DI 10.1002/bem.47 PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 429BG UT WOS:000168495700004 PM 11298386 ER PT J AU Kannan, R He, GS Yuan, LX Xu, FM Prasad, PN Dombroskie, AG Reinhardt, BA Baur, JW Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Kannan, R He, GS Yuan, LX Xu, FM Prasad, PN Dombroskie, AG Reinhardt, BA Baur, JW Vaia, RA Tan, LS TI Diphenylaminofluorene-based two-photon-absorbing chromophores with various pi-electron acceptors SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; FLUORENE DERIVATIVES; EXCITATION; DIPHENYLPOLYENE; MOLECULES; STORAGE; DESIGN; DONOR; DYES AB A new series of linear, asymmetrical diphenylaminofluorene-based chromophores (AFX) with various strong pi -electron accepters were synthesized and evaluated for two-photon absorptivity. These chromophores were studied to determine a suitable replacement for 2-(4-vinyl)pyridine, the it acceptor for our previously reported AFX series, which contains a photochemically and thermo-oxidatively unstable olefinic unit. In addition to the benzoyl group (AF-370), these pi -electron accepters include 2-benzothiazolyl (AF-240), 2-benzoxazolyl (AF-390), 2-(N-phenyl)benzimidazolyl (AF-386), and 2-(3,4-diphenyl)imidazolyl (AF-385) moieties five-membered heterocycles) and the 2-quinoxalinyl (AF-260) group (six-membered heterocycle). From nanosecond nonlinear transmission measurements, these new chromophores have effective two-photon cross sections (sigma (2)') at 800 nm, spanning from 3.87 x 10(-48) cm(4) s/(photon molecule) for AF-385 to 97.46 x 10(-48) Cm-4 s/(photon molecule) for AF-240. Two of them, 2-benzothiazolyl-end-capped AF-240 and benzoyl-containing AF-370 [sigma (2)' = 84.32 x 10(-48) cm4 s/(photon molecule)] stand out as having relatively good, albeit lower, values of two-photon cross sections, as compared to that of previously reported N,N-diphenyl-7-[2-(4-pyridinyl)ethenyl] -9,9-didecyl-fluorene-2-amine, AF-50 [sigma (2)' = 115.6 x 10-48 Cm4 s/(photon molecule)]. However, we observed that AF-240 was more photochemically robust than AF-50 when their THF solutions were subjected to repetitive and prolonged exposure to nanosecond laser radiation. Finally, on the basis of our nanosecond TPA cross-section data (sigma (2)'/MW values), the general trend for pi -electron accepting ability, i.e., ability to accept charge transferred from diphenylamine appears to be as follows: 2-(4-vinyl)pyridine > 2-benzothiazolyl > benzoyl > 2-(N-phenylbenzimidazolyl > 2-quinoxalinyl > 2-benzoxazolyl > 2-(4,5-diphenyl)imidazoyl. C1 USAF, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Syst Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 48 TC 251 Z9 258 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1896 EP 1904 DI 10.1021/cm000747o PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 435DB UT WOS:000168861200068 ER PT J AU George, TJ Shen, MHH Huybrechts, SM Meink, TE Wegner, PM AF George, TJ Shen, MHH Huybrechts, SM Meink, TE Wegner, PM TI Optimal design of composite ChamberCore structures SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design and Manufacturing of Composite Structures CY NOV 05-10, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE optimization; composite structures; box-beams ID SHAPES AB An optimization procedure has been developed to uniquely and efficiently determine the "best" local geometry design of a new composite ChamberCore structure. This procedure is based on minimization of the total mass of a single composite ChamberCore subject to a set of design and stress constraints. The stress constraints are obtained in closed form based on the composite box-beam model for various composite lamination designs and loading conditions. The optimization problem statement is constructed and then solved using the VMCON optimization program, which is an iterative sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique based on Powell's algorithm. The sensitivity of the solution of the optimal geometry to the values of parameters that characterize the structural durability and the failure mechanism is discussed. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00020-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 433HK UT WOS:000168753800003 ER PT J AU de Rijck, JJM Fawaz, SA AF de Rijck, JJM Fawaz, SA TI Stress intensity factors and crack interaction in adjacent holes SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE stress intensity factor; part-elliptical; finite element analysis; virtual crack closure technique; through crack; oblique front; crack interaction AB In this analytical investigation, stress intensity factors, K, are calculated for oblique part-elliptical through cracks nucleating and growing from an array of collinear holes subjected to remote tension, bending, and pin loading. The finite element method is used with model validation through comparisons to known stress concentration factors solutions. The three-dimensional virtual crack closure technique is used to calculate the new K solutions. This work was motivated by the need to predict fatigue crack growth in transport aircraft fuselage lap-splice skin joints. Fatigue crack growth of adjacent through cracks with oblique crack fronts can now be predicted using the results of this investigation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, Netherlands Inst Met Res, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fawaz, SA (reprint author), 5600 Carmichael Rd,Apartment 2221, Montgomery, AL 36117 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 68 IS 7 BP 963 EP 969 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(00)00113-2 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 425WA UT WOS:000168313600007 ER PT J AU Campbell, JT AF Campbell, JT TI Intra-articular neuropathic fracture of the calcaneal body treated by open reduction and subtalar arthrodesis SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; OSTEOMYELITIS; DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT AB A novel pattern of neuropathic intra-articular calcaneal fracture in a diabetic patient is described. This fracture combined proximal retraction of the tuberosity and body along with hindfoot collapse and plantar ulceration. Following control of the acute Charcot process with total contact casting, surgical reduction and subtalar arthrodesis was performed to stabilize the hindfoot and decrease the risk of recurrent ulceration. After healing, the patient successfully resumed ambulation and presently uses extra-depth shoes for daily activities. Despite the risks of surgical treatment, this difficult fracture may be treated operatively to maintain plantigrade alignment and offer limb salvage for the neuropathic patient. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Campbell, JT (reprint author), USAF, MC, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Orthoped Serv, 89 MSGS SGCXO,1050 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 22 IS 5 BP 440 EP 444 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 583MB UT WOS:000177410700013 PM 11428765 ER PT J AU Erdreich, LS Klauenberg, BJ AF Erdreich, LS Klauenberg, BJ TI Radio frequency radiation exposure standards: Considerations for harmonization SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE risk analysis; safety standards; radiation; nonionizing; regulatory guides ID UNCERTAINTY AB Radio frequency radiation exposure standards vary in origin, development process, legal status, and in the actual exposure limits. To identify the sources of differences in limits, we evaluated technical aspects of eight standards that included supporting information on the scientific data and rationale. Comparisons were made among the standards by examining the scope of the underlying database, the rationales for safety factors and other issues underlying exposure limits in the energy-deposition range (0.1 MHz to 10.0 GHz) and in the surface-heating range (about 10 or 15 GHz to 300 GHz). The framework for this assessment was based on the methods recommended by the scientific and regulatory organizations for developing health-based exposure limits. General guidelines for performing risk assessments for threshold acting agents have been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health Canada's Environmental Health Directorate, and the International Program on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization. This general methodology was applied to radiofrequency radiation for this assessment. Because these methods strive to identify scientific issues and separate them from risk management or policy, they provide a basis for evaluation of standards in this paper. This distinction can provide a foundation for the longer-term goal of global harmonization of radio frequency radiation standards. Each of the standards evaluated in the energy-deposition range was found to use the same basic restriction, based on biological data and a 10-fold safety factor, yet explanations reflect different interpretations of the underlying biological data. Rationales differ for the magnitude of the safety factor, for the circumstances of exposure, for the nature of sensitive populations, and for the presumed health status of the individuals for whom the basic restriction is applicable. In the surface-heating range, broad variability in exposure limits are seen in the limit itself, as well as in the approach to time averaging and frequency dependence. Averaging times differ among standards, as do tissue geometries for defining partial-body exposures. The differences in approaches to develop the standards do not completely explain differences among the exposure Limits, and methods for computing exposure limits from basic restrictions are not always defined. This analysis suggests harmonization of standards will require more detailed review and coordination of biological and engineering data and of policy options. C1 Exponent, New York, NY 10170 USA. Armstrong Lab, OER, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 80 IS 5 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.1097/00004032-200105000-00003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 421KV UT WOS:000168064300003 PM 11316073 ER PT J AU Christenson, DW AF Christenson, DW TI Interfacing aircraft to commercial personal computers SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The focus of this paper is the concept of utilizing commercial PC products and interfacing them to military and commercial aircraft. The problem of the life cycle of the different products is examined from multiple viewpoints. Existing products are described, architecture for each implementation is derived, and their strengths and weaknesses are explored. Finally an attempt to define the root causes for the problem of implementation of interface architectures in this environment will be presented. A new developmental architecture will be introduced. This architecture is designed to maintain the strengths of the traditional architectures and eliminate some of the weaknesses and inefficiencies. A series of hardware/software co-development projects will be described to demonstrate the new architecture. The relative performance of the architecture has been evaluated and refined by multiple implementations. These will be described and future implementations examined. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Christenson, DW (reprint author), Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Software Engn Div, OO,ALC, TIST, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 16 IS 5 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1109/62.925691 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 434LV UT WOS:000168817700003 ER PT J AU Egyhazy, C Eyestone, S Martino, J AF Egyhazy, C Eyestone, S Martino, J TI Defining team processes using OO metaphors SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article AB The authors' technique for process definition demonstrates practical value beyond direct project planning and risk mitigation: using object-oriented technology metaphors, it can express responsibilities and collaborations among work units as classes. The technique yields a detailed Mark breakdown structure, accelerates development of more concise contrast language for follow-up work, improves level-of-effort estimates for future work, and enables continuous process improvement. The process definition technique also introduces team members to OOT principles and concepts. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USAF, MC, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Egyhazy, C (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, 7054 Haycock Rd, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 74 EP + DI 10.1109/52.922729 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 431PW UT WOS:000168640600023 ER PT J AU Shore, RA AF Shore, RA TI A sector nulling technique revisited SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Letter DE Lagrangian multiplier; linear array; quadratic constraint; sector nulling AB Er's Lagrangian multiplier quadratic constraint technique for broad sector nulling in linear array antenna patterns is modified in several ways to increase its applicability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shore, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 49 IS 5 BP 843 EP 844 DI 10.1109/8.929640 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 445CA UT WOS:000169439500020 ER PT J AU Beach, TL Kintner, PM AF Beach, TL Kintner, PM TI Development and use of a GPS ionospheric scintillation monitor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; global positioning system (GPS); GPS receivers; ionospheric scintillation; space weather; UHF propagation; UHF scattering ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS; EQUATORIAL; IRREGULARITIES AB Besides their intended use in radionavigation, global positioning system (GPS) satellite signals provide convenient radio beacons for ionospheric studies. Among other propagation phenomena, the ionosphere affects GPS signal propagation through amplitude scintillations that develop after radio waves propagate through ionospheric electron density irregularities. This paper outlines the design, testing, and operation of a specialized GPS receiver to monitor L-band amplitude scintillations: the Cornell scintillation monitor. The Cornell scintillation monitor consists of a commercial GPS receiver development kit with its software modified to log signal strength from up to 12 channels at a high data rate (50 samples/s), Other features of the receiver include the optional assignment of a channel to monitor the receiver noise level in the absence of signal tracking and the means to synchronize measurements between nearby independent receivers to perform drift measurements and correlation studies. The Cornell scintillation monitor provides characterization of the operational L-band scintillation environment and additionally permits study of the multipath environment of a static antenna. GPS scintillation monitors can provide information about the state of ionospheric irregularities for pure research purposes as well. Here their strength lies in the fact that they are inexpensive and compact and therefore can be readily proliferated. Even a single scintillation monitor can supplement radar spatial coverage of irregularities in a limited way because it monitors several satellite lines of sight simultaneously. This article introduces some of the potential of the scintillation monitor for research, primarily through examples associated with field testing the instrument. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Beach, TL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 918 EP 928 DI 10.1109/36.921409 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 431GJ UT WOS:000168623200002 ER PT J AU Guo, JJ Tsang, L Asher, W Ding, KH Chen, CT AF Guo, JJ Tsang, L Asher, W Ding, KH Chen, CT TI Applications of dense media radiative transfer theory for passive microwave remote sensing of foam covered ocean SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE dense media radiative transfer; electromagnetic wave scattering; microwave emissivity ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; PARTICLES; MODEL; SEA; APPROXIMATION; EMISSIVITY; CONSTANT AB The effect of the foam covered ocean surface on the passive microwave remote sensing measurements is studied based on the electromagnetic scattering theory. In fomulating an electromagnetic scattering model, we treat the foam as densely packed sticky air bubbles coated with thin seawater coating. The layer of foam covers the ocean surface that has air bubbles. We then use dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) theory with quasi-crystalline approximation (QCA) for densely distributed sticky moderate size particles to calculate the brightness temperatures of the foam-covered ocean surface. Results are illustrated for 19 GHz and 37 GHz and for both vertical and horizontal polarizations as a function of foam microstructure properties and foam layer thickness. Comparisons are also made with experimental measurements. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Guo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.1109/36.921420 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 431GJ UT WOS:000168623200013 ER PT J AU Yang, B Mall, S Ravi-Chandar, K AF Yang, B Mall, S Ravi-Chandar, K TI A cohesive zone model for fatigue crack growth in quasibrittle materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack initiation modeling; fatigue crack growth modeling; cohesive zone model; progressive damage; quasibrittle materials; boundary element method ID FRETTING FATIGUE; FRACTURE AB A cohesive zone model for fatigue crack initiation and growth in quasibrittle materials is proposed in the present paper. While bulk material is modeled to be linearly elastic, the softening material in the cohesive zone and cracks are modeled to be internal singular surfaces in the elastic body. The interactions of the singular surfaces are described in a cohesive force law and a Coulomb-type friction law if in contact. The cohesive zone material is modeled to accumulate damage not only along the damage locus but also along an unloading path underneath it, enabling a simulation of fatigue damage and crack growth without the ad hoc imposition of a law of growth rate within the cohesive zone model, The maximum principal stress criterion is used to advance a tip of the cohesive zone in the direction of the maximum principal stress when it reaches the critical value of material strength. The physical crack tip is grown as a natural process of debonding of the cohesive zone under cyclic loading, which, in contrast, may be subcritical with energy dissipation less than the material toughness under static loading. The boundary value problem formulated for fatigue crack growth incorporating the cohesive zone model is nonlinear due to the history dependence of the cohesive zone, and is solved efficiently using the iterative single-domain dual-boundary-element method of successive over-relaxation. It is demonstrated through examples that the present model is capable of predicting fatigue crack initiation as well as growth in a unified way, It is also shown that the cohesive zone model is more advantageous and flexible in handling fatigue cracks under arbitrary loading than the classical singularity-based fracture mechanics approach. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Engn Mech, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate,MLLN, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010; Ravi-Chandar, Krishnaswamy/D-9246-2011 NR 22 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 22-23 BP 3927 EP 3944 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00253-5 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 430UQ UT WOS:000168594200003 ER PT J AU Smith, TD Cain, AB Chenault, CF AF Smith, TD Cain, AB Chenault, CF TI Numerical simulation of enhanced mixing in jet plumes using pulsed blowing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Pulsed jet blowing for mixing enhancement in a hot jet is examined using numerical simulation. Numerical simulations have been completed for a subscale turbojet engine, a full-scale ground demonstration case, and a high-bpass-ratio engine. These simulations have shown that pulsed jet blowing can significantly reduce jet plume potential core lengths at static and forward Right conditions. The numerical scheme uses large time-step implicit integration for efficiency and a second-order physical space algorithm for robustness. The pulsed jet disturbance is calculated directly, and a turbulence model is employed to represent the cascade to smaller length scales. Experimental data corresponding to the numerical simulations are also presented and indicate similar benefits from pulsed jet mixing. C1 Boeing Co, Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, TD (reprint author), Boeing Co, Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 3 BP 458 EP 463 DI 10.2514/2.2814 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 441LV UT WOS:000169232600008 ER PT J AU Higgins, WM Iseler, GW Bliss, DF Bryant, G Tassev, V Jafri, I Ware, RM Carlson, DJ AF Higgins, WM Iseler, GW Bliss, DF Bryant, G Tassev, V Jafri, I Ware, RM Carlson, DJ TI Improved phosphorus injection synthesis for bulk InP SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL VAIL, CO SP NASA Micrograv Res Div, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Adv Ceram Corp, Bicron, Crystal Assoc Inc, Crystal Syst Inc, Delron Crystal Ind Inc, Engelhard CLAL LP, Engis Corp, Sawyer Res Prod, Sensors Unltd Inc, S Bay Technol, ThermCraft, II VI Inc, Tyco Electr DE Czochralski method; growth from melt; liquid encapsulated Czochralski method; phosphides; semiconducting III-V materials; semiconducting indium phosphide AB High purity, stoichiometric InP is being produced in crucible-shaped, 3-kg charges by the phosphorus injection method in a high-pressure magnetic liquid encapsulated Czochralski (MLEC) crystal growth system. Dedicated heaters in the phosphorus injector assembly are used to heat and controllably inject the phosphorus vapor into the liquid encapsulated indium melt. Glow discharge mass spectroscopy and van der Pauw measurements of the polycrystalline charges and the Czochralski wafers confirmed the low background levels of impurities. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MA COM Inc, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. GT Equipment Technol Inc, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. RP Higgins, WM (reprint author), MA COM Inc, 100 Chelmsford St, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. EM higginsb@tycoelectronics.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2001 VL 225 IS 2-4 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00838-7 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 444HP UT WOS:000169394300024 ER PT J AU Burger, A Ndap, JO Cui, Y Roy, U Morgan, S Chattopadhyay, K Ma, X Faris, K Thibaud, S Miles, R Mateen, H Goldstein, JT Rawn, CJ AF Burger, A Ndap, JO Cui, Y Roy, U Morgan, S Chattopadhyay, K Ma, X Faris, K Thibaud, S Miles, R Mateen, H Goldstein, JT Rawn, CJ TI Preparation and thermophysical properties of AgGaTe2 crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP NASA Micrograv Res Div, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Adv Ceram Corp, Bicron, Crystal Assoc Inc, Crystal Syst Inc, Delron Crystal Ind Inc, Engelhard CLAL LP, Engis Corp, Sawyer Res Prod, Sensors Unltd Inc, S Bay Technol, ThermCraft, II VI Inc, Tyco Electr DE X-ray diffraction; non-linear optical materials; semiconducting materials ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL MATERIALS; GROWTH AB The preparation and thermophysical properties of AgGaTe2 crystals are reported. The synthesis from pure elements was performed in a rocking oven and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray elemental analysis show the presence of additional phases. From simultaneous differential calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (SDT) measurements we have found that AgGaTe2 melts at 725.7 degreesC, with a heat of fusion of 104.8J/g(-1). High temperature powder X-ray diffraction data confirmed the chalcopyrite structure and yielded the thermal expansion coefficients along the a- and c-axes to 500 degreesC. Heating above that temperature, under inert gas flow, causes the material to sublime incongruently and produce a film of gallium rich surface. Experimental values of thermal diffusivity and estimates of the thermal conductivity values are also presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burger, A (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2001 VL 225 IS 2-4 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00957-5 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 444HP UT WOS:000169394300073 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Steinshnider, J Weimer, M Moeller, C Ongstad, A AF Kaspi, R Steinshnider, J Weimer, M Moeller, C Ongstad, A TI As-soak control of the InAs-on-GaSb interface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP NASA Micrograv Res Div, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Adv Ceram Corp, Bicron, Crystal Assoc Inc, Crystal Syst Inc, Delron Crystal Ind Inc, Engelhard CLAL LP, Engis Corp, Sawyer Res Prod, Sensors Unltd Inc, S Bay Technol, ThermCraft, II VI Inc, Tyco Electr DE scanning tunneling microscopy; molecular beam epitaxy; antimonides ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB We have investigated the effect of a brief As-2-soak at the GaSb surface on the nature of the InAs-on-GaSb interface. We find that As-2 efficiently removes Sb from GaSb and that a controlled As-2-soak may be a necessary step in forming a "GaAs-like" interface without structural or optical degradation. We observe that the thickness of the "GaAs-like" interfacial layer and the band-edge transition wavelength in InAs/GaSb superlattices both increase with increasing As-2-soak duration. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2001 VL 225 IS 2-4 BP 544 EP 549 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00950-2 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 444HP UT WOS:000169394300080 ER PT J AU Gopaladasu, P Cecchi, JL Malloy, KJ Kaspi, R AF Gopaladasu, P Cecchi, JL Malloy, KJ Kaspi, R TI Response surface modeling of the composition of AlAsySb1-y alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL VAIL, COLORADO SP NASA Micrograv Res Div, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Adv Ceram Corp, Bicron, Crystal Assoc Inc, Crystal Syst Inc, Delron Crystal Ind Inc, Engelhard CLAL LP, Engis Corp, Sawyer Res Prod, Sensors Unltd Inc, S Bay Technol, ThermCraft, II VI Inc, Tyco Electr DE design of experiments; desorption mass spectrometry; molecular beam epitaxy; antimonides ID DESIGN AB We have developed an empirical model of AlAsySb1-y composition during molecular beam epitaxy as a function of growth temperature, growth rate, As-2-flux, and Sb-2-flux, using response surface methodology. In order to facilitate data collection from a large number of experiments, we have applied desorption mass spectroscopy as on in situ measure of alloy composition. A quadratic model is found to fit the data well, identifying trends and several interactions between growth parameters. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), CHTM, DELS, AFRL, Goddard,SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2001 VL 225 IS 2-4 BP 556 EP 560 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00952-6 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 444HP UT WOS:000169394300082 ER PT J AU Buse, GJ AF Buse, GJ TI Heroes amongst the healers SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Emergency Med Interest Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Buse, GJ (reprint author), USAF, 1218 N 86th St, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(01)00296-7 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 430BR UT WOS:000168554100025 PM 11348828 ER PT J AU Kalasinsky, KS Dixon, MM Schmunk, GA Kish, SJ AF Kalasinsky, KS Dixon, MM Schmunk, GA Kish, SJ TI Blood, brain, and hair GHB concentrations following fatal ingestion SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic toxicology; death; gamma-hydroxybutyrate; blood; brain; hair; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; solid phase extraction ID GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHARMACOKINETICS; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Despite the increasing incidence of illicit use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), little information is available documenting levels of the drug in GHB fatalities. We measured GHB levels in postmortem blood, brain and hair specimens from a suspected overdose case by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) following solid phase extraction (SPE) and derivatization with bis(trimethyl-silyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). Examination found 330 mug/mL GHB in femoral blood and 221 ng/mg GHB in frontal cortex brain tissue, values higher than those typically reported in the literature. The hair shaft was negative for GHB whereas the plucked root bulbs with outer root sheath attached (2221 ng/mg) and root bulbs after washing and removal of the outer root sheath (47 ng/mg) contained the drug. Our results are consistent with an acute single dose of GHB and, as the toxicology screen was negative for other drugs of abuse, emphasize the significant danger of this drug. C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Div Forens Toxicol, Off AF Med Examiner, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Off Santa Clara Cty Med Examiner Coroner, San Jose, CA USA. Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Human Neurochem Pathol Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kalasinsky, KS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Pathol, Div Forens Toxicol, Off AF Med Examiner, 1413 Res Blvd,Bldg 102, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 07182] NR 12 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 46 IS 3 BP 728 EP 730 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 451JC UT WOS:000169798100041 PM 11373018 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Burke, WJ Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Sultan, PJ AF Huang, CY Burke, WJ Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Sultan, PJ TI DMSP observations of equatorial plasma bubbles in the topside ionosphere near solar maximum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID F-LAYER IRREGULARITIES; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SPREAD-F; MAGNETIC STORM; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; LOW LATITUDES; JUNE 4-6; MODEL; SCINTILLATIONS; MAGNETOSPHERE AB The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) flights F9 and F10 crossed postsunset local time sectors approximately 14 times per day in Sun-synchronous orbits at an altitude of similar to 840 km. We have examined a large database of postsunset plasma density measurements acquired during similar to 15,000 equatorial crossings made by DMSP F9 in 1989 and 1991 and DMSP F10 in 1991. On 2086 of these crossings equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were observed as intervals of depleted and irregular plasma densities. We have analyzed these EPB events to determine their distributions with season, longitude (S/L), and levels of geomagnetic activity. The global S/L distributions of EPBs observed by the DMSP satellites are shown to be in general agreement with results from discrete ground based measurements. That is, the, seasonal variations detected at 840 km in longitude bins hosting radar/scintillation observatories appear similar to those reported from the g round. Over the Atlantic sector where EPBs occur frequently. we found good agreement with predictions of a simple model proposed by Tsunoda [1985]. In the Pacific sector the frequency of EPB occurrence is considerably lower, and poor counting statistics preclude confident predictions regarding the absolute value of seasonal variations. We suggest that relatively large equatorial magnetic fields at F layer altitudes in the Pacific (similar to0.34 G) sector more strongly inhibit the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability than at Atlantic (similar to0.25 G) longitudes. Contrary to general belief, we found that EPB occurred regularly during geomagnetic storms, especially in the initial and main phases. EPB activity appears to have been suppressed from many hours to days during storm recovery phases. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonweatlh Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NR 37 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A5 BP 8131 EP 8142 DI 10.1029/2000JA000319 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 428VL UT WOS:000168482300004 ER PT J AU Blanchard, GT Ellington, CL Lyons, LR Rich, FJ AF Blanchard, GT Ellington, CL Lyons, LR Rich, FJ TI Incoherent scatter radar identification of the dayside magnetic separatrix and measurement of magnetic reconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CAMPAIGN; AERONOMIC CALCULATIONS; LOW-ALTITUDE; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; FIELD; SHEET AB Incoherent scatter (IS) radar measurements of the ionospheric electron density are analyzed for the signature of the magnetic separatrix in the dayside ionosphere by comparison with separatrix locations determined using precipitating electron data from DMSP spacecraft within 1.5 hours in magnetic local time (MLT) of the Sondrestrom radar. A model of photoionization is used to remove its effects from the measured electron density to study the ionization by precipitating particles. The altitude of peak ionization and the peak ionization rate are used to determine whether a magnetic field line is open or closed. We observe that on closed field lines the peak ionization rate is high (> 2200 cm(-3) s(-1)) or the peak is lower than 140 km in altitude, and on open field lines the peak ionization is low (< 900 cm(-3) s(-1)) or the peak is higher than 140 km. These rules are used to identify the separatrix with an accuracy of 0.36 degrees and a precision of +/-0.39 degrees. This signature of the separatrix is only apparent in the prenoon and noon sectors (0600 to 1300 MLT). In the postnoon sector (1630-1800 MLT) the altitude of peak ionization and the peak ionization rate do not show any systematic difference between the open and closed field line regions. Finally, an example is presented in which the data on the location and motion of the separatrix and IS radar measurements of F region plasma velocity are used to measure the magnetic reconnection rate as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field clock angle. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Blanchard, GT (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, SLU10878, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A5 BP 8185 EP 8195 DI 10.1029/2000JA000262 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 428VL UT WOS:000168482300009 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, JM TI Comparison of pitch angle diffusion by turbulent and monochromatic whistler waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTRON-SCATTERING LOSS; COHERENT VLF WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; COEFFICIENTS; TIMESCALES; RESONANCE AB A recent Hamiltonian analysis of magnetized test particles acted on by a small monochromatic wave is compared to a quasi-linear formulation of pitch angle diffusion by a turbulent spectrum of whistler waves. The quasi-linear expression has previously been applied to anthropogenic VLF transmissions to conclude that they dominate pitch angle diffusion of inner radiation belt electrons. However, because these transmissions are very narrow in frequency range, the monochromatic approach might be more appropriate. It is shown analytically that the monochromatic limit of the quasi-linear pitch angle diffusion coefficient reduces to the same expression as the diffusive regime of the Hamiltonian treatment. Agreement of the Hamiltonian pitch angle diffusion coefficient with the quasi-linear values is verified numerically using realistic parameters for the spread in frequency and wave-normal angle. As an aside, a simple, alternate derivation of quasi-linear diffusion coefficients is given. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A5 BP 8477 EP 8482 DI 10.1029/2000JA000304 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 428VL UT WOS:000168482300035 ER PT J AU Unangst, ET Wunder, BA AF Unangst, ET Wunder, BA TI Need for species-specific models for body-composition estimates of small mammals using EM-SCAN (R) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE body composition; meadow vole; Microtus pennsylvanicus; total body electrical conductivity ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY TOBEC; FAT-FREE MASS; NONDESTRUCTIVE METHOD; LIVE BIRDS; LEAN MASS; RATS; RELIABILITY; VALIDATION; WEIGHT; LIPIDS AB We evaluated the accuracy in using the Small Animal Composition Analyzer (EM-SCAN (R), Model SA-2) for estimating body composition of live meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). To investigate the necessity for a species-specific calibration equation, we compared the average error in estimates of lipid mass using meadow vole data in calibration equations derived for meadow voles in this study to equations derived for prairie voles (very similar in size and shape to meadow voles) and to those provided by the manufacturer. Analyses using a complete data set (n = 27 voles) and 2 subsets representing "lean" voles (n = 16) and "fat" voles (n = 11) were performed. The equation derived for meadow voles more accurately estimated lipid mass than the other equations with an average error of 1.55 g compared to 3.64 g using the prairie-vole equation and 4.73 g with the manufacturer equation, supporting the need for a species-specific equation even with species of very similar size and morphology. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Unangst, ET (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 82 IS 2 BP 527 EP 534 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0527:NFSSMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 435JV UT WOS:000168879100024 ER EF