FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Feland, JM Leifer, LJ AF Feland, JM Leifer, LJ TI Requirement volatility metrics as an assessment instrument for design team performance prediction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Mudd Design Workshop II, Designing Design Education for the 21st Century CY MAY 19-21, 1999 CL HARVEY MUDD COLL, CLAREMINT, CA HO HARVEY MUDD COLL AB Predicting and assessing student team performance in design projects presents a host of challenges. Most involve turning qualitative interpretations into quantitative assessments. This challenge is simplified when all student teams are working on the same project. Establishing a relative performance metric based on the top and button? performers simplifies the task. However, in classes where the projects are diverse and/or sponsored by outside industry representatives the challenge is increased. In classes where formalized requirement documentation exists, requirement volatility (change over time) can be used to simplify student team performance assessment, as is-ell as serving as a predictor of future performance on the project. In an analysis based on project requirement documents from? the graduate design class at Stanford, ME210, requirement volatility metrics proved to have surprising power as a predictor of student design team performance. Tracked over time, the metric predicted of team rank-order performance. This document will summarize a method for volatility measurement and the results of our initial analysis. C1 USAF Acad, DFEM, USAFA, HQ,Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Stanford Univ, Learning Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Feland, JM (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFEM, USAFA, HQ,Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM gohogs@cdr.stanford.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 489 EP 492 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 467VJ UT WOS:000170724200035 ER PT J AU Hutson, AL Nicholas, T Olson, SE Ashbaugh, NE AF Hutson, AL Nicholas, T Olson, SE Ashbaugh, NE TI Effect of sample thickness on local contact behavior in a flat-on-flat fretting fatigue apparatus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fretting fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; fatigue AB Thin plate samples of Ti-6Al-4V contacted on both sides with pads of the same material were used to simulate contact conditions in real structures subjected to fretting fatigue. Laboratory tests on specimens of varying thicknesses were used to determine the stresses that correspond to a fatigue life of 10(7) cycles using a step-loading procedure. For the specific apparatus used in this study, changes in thickness produced changes in the ratio of shear load to clamping load for a specific fretting pad geometry. Specimen thicknesses of 1, 2, and 4 mm, and stress ratios of R=0.1 and 0.5 were investigated for two different contact pad lengths. Fatigue limit stresses in the specimen were found to be relatively insensitive to the average clamping or shear stress. Finite element analyses of the test geometry were used to provide details of the stress distribution in the contact region for the flat-on-flat geometry with blending radius. Results show that stress and displacement fields for a variety of test conditions corresponding to a fatigue life of 101 cycles vary widely and do not provide any clear indication of the existence of a simple parameter equivalent to a uniaxial fatigue limit stress. The stress and displacement fields are also shown to be very sensitive to the coefficient of friction used in the analysis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Mat Charac Grp, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Ceram & NDE Div,AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hutson, AL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Mat Charac Grp, Struct Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S445 EP S453 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800052 ER PT J AU Morrissey, RJ McDowell, DL Nicholas, T AF Morrissey, RJ McDowell, DL Nicholas, T TI Microplasticity in HCF of Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fatigue; crystal plasticity; finite elements; ratchetting; Ti-6Al-4V ID ALPHA+BETA TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY AB Previous research has shown that Ti-6Al-4V exhibits pronounced stress ratio effects under high cycle fatigue (HCF) loading. At high stress ratios (R>0.7), a transition of failure mode occurs from traditional surface fatigue crack initiation and growth to bulk-dominated damage initiation and coalescence of multiple microcracks consistent with a ductile tensile test. At these high stress ratios, ratchetting was shown to occur (Int. J. Fatigue 21 (1999) 679; Mech. Time-Dependent Mater. 2 (1999) 195), leading to progressive strain accumulation until final failure. This study explores the microstructural origins of this stress ratio transition in HCF using computational micromechanics. The material being studied is a two-phase Ti-6Al-4V plate forging, consisting of a duplex microstructure with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) alpha-phase and lamellar grains with layers of body-centered cubic (bec) beta-phase and secondary hep alpha-phase. Crystallographic slip is the dominant mode of plastic deformation in this material. A 2-D crystal plasticity model that incorporates nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening at the slip system level is implemented into the finite element method to simulate the cyclic plasticity behavior. The finite element model is used to qualitatively understand the distribution of microplasticity in this alloy under various loading conditions. For typical HCF stress amplitudes, it is shown that microstructure scale ratchetting becomes dominant at R=0.8, but is insignificant at R=0.1 and 0.5. Reversed cyclic microplasticity is insignificant at all three stress ratios. The effects of phase morphology and orientation distribution are shown to affect the microscale plastic strain distribution in terms of the location and magnitudes of the plastic shear bands that form within clusters or chains of primary a grains. The results of the finite element modeling are also considered in light of previous experimental results. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morrissey, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S55 EP S64 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800007 ER PT J AU Moshier, MA Nicholas, T Hillberry, BM AF Moshier, MA Nicholas, T Hillberry, BM TI Load history effects on fatigue crack growth threshold for Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-17 titanium alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fatigue; crack growth; threshold; overload; loading history; titanium alloys; Ti-6Al-4V; Ti-17 AB Load history effects on room temperature fatigue-crack-growth threshold measurement are evaluated for titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-17. Baseline thresholds are determined by the use of a conventional load-shedding technique. Load history is synthesized by precracking at DeltaK levels with K-max greater than the subsequently measured threshold. Threshold for the latter is defined as the first notice of crack propagation under increasing DeltaK, constant R, step loading. An empirical overload model is developed to account for precracking history on the threshold. Stress relief annealing after precracking and prior to threshold measurement is demonstrated to eliminate load history effects on rising DeltaK, constant R, step loading threshold measurement, and to be comparable to that made using load shedding, but with considerable time saving. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S253 EP S258 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800032 ER PT J AU Namjoshi, SA Mall, S AF Namjoshi, SA Mall, S TI Fretting behavior of Ti-6Al-4V under combined high cycle and low cycle fatigue loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE Ti-6Al-4V; cycle fatigue loading; fretting AB The fretting-fatigue behavior of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V under variable-amplitude (V-A) loading was investigated. This involved a two-level block of low-frequency (I Hz) large-amplitude cycles and high-frequency (200 Hz) low-amplitude cycles, which represented the low- and high-cycle components of the turbine engine mission loading. The measured fretting-fatigue lives were compared with the predicted lives obtained from the Palmgren-Miner linear damage rule as well as from a nonlinear damage rule. These comparisons showed that there is a reasonable agreement between the predicted life from linear rule and the experimental data under variable loading conditions when conventional fatigue life relationships on the semi-logarithmic scales are employed and when the ratio of HCF and LCF cycles is large. However, the Palmgren-Miner linear prediction differs significantly from experimental data when these were compared based on the damage fraction induced by LCF and HCF components of combined cycling, and thus a non-linear method of damage accumulation is more appropriate for estimating the fretting-fatigue life under the V-A loading. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S455 EP S461 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800053 ER PT J AU Pan, J Nicholas, T AF Pan, J Nicholas, T TI Effects of mean stresses on multiaxial fatigue life prediction based on fracture mechanics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE multiaxial fatigue; small cracks; Goodman diagram; Haigh diagram; mean stress ID CRACKS AB A linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis is presented to explore the effects of mean stress on fatigue life prediction under multiaxial loading conditions based on uniaxial fatigue data. Material damage in the form of small,cracks is assumed to exist in a material element of interest. The mixed-mode energy release rate or the J integral is used as the primary fatigue damage governing parameter. The uniaxial Goodman relation is generalized to demonstrate the effects of mean stresses on fatigue life under multiaxial loading conditions. The generalization is also applicable for nonlinear constant fatigue life relations in the Haigh diagram. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S87 EP S92 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800011 ER PT J AU Thompson, SR Ruschau, JJ Nicholas, T AF Thompson, SR Ruschau, JJ Nicholas, T TI Influence of residual stresses on high cycle fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V subjected to foreign object damage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE foreign object damage; impact; fatigue; notch; residual stress; Ti-6Al-4V AB The role of residual stresses in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) strength of Ti-6Al-4V subjected to foreign object damage (FOD) was evaluated on simulated airfoil and rectangular geometries. Both real and simulated impacts were conducted using spherical projectiles launched at 300 m/s and quasi-static chisel indentation, respectively. The spheres used were 1 mm diameter glass beads while the quasi-static indenter had a radius of I mm. The airfoil specimens had leading edge (LE) radii of either 0.13 or 0.38 mm and were indented at 30degrees to the airfoil LE. The rectangular plates were 1.25 nun thick and were indented quasi-statically at 0degrees. All specimens subjected to FOD were subsequently tested in uniaxial HCF at a frequency of 350 Hz using a step loading procedure to determine the fatigue limit corresponding to 10(7) cycles. Before the HCF testing, half of the specimens were stress relief annealed to remove residual stresses. Results indicate that stress relief generally improves the fatigue limit stress, indicating that tensile residual stresses are present after both quasi-static or dynamic indentation. For the dynamic impacts, the craters formed have less influence on the fatigue strengths than that predicted from conventional notch fatigue analysis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLSC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S405 EP S412 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800048 ER PT J AU Hartson, HR Andre, RS Williges, RC AF Hartson, HR Andre, RS Williges, RC TI Criteria for evaluating usability evaluation methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID DAMAGED MERCHANDISE; WALKTHROUGHS; INTERFACE; ISSUES AB The current variety of alternative approaches to usability evaluation. methods UEMs) designed to assess and improve usability in software systems is offset by a general lack of understanding of the capabilities and limitations of each. Practitioners need to know which methods are more effective and in what ways and for what purposes. However, UEMs cannot be evaluated and compared reliably because of the lack of standard criteria for comparison. In this article, we present a practical discussion of factors, comparison criteria, and UEM performance measures useful in studies comparing UEMs. In demonstrating the importance of developing appropriate UEM evaluation criteria, we offer operational definitions and possible measures of UEM performance. We highlight specific challenges that researchers and practitioners face in comparing UEMs and provide a point of departure for further discussion and refinement of the principles and techniques used to approach UEM evaluation and comparison. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hartson, HR (reprint author), Virginia Technol Inst, Dept Comp Sci 0106, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hartson@vt.edu NR 71 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-7318 EI 1532-7590 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 373 EP 410 DI 10.1207/S15327590IJHC1304_03 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 539FC UT WOS:000174859000003 ER PT J AU Andre, TS Hartson, HR Belz, SM McCreary, FA AF Andre, TS Hartson, HR Belz, SM McCreary, FA TI The user action framework: a reliable foundation for usability engineering support tools SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE user action framework; usability evaluation; tool support; evaluation techniques ID INTERFACE AB Although various methods exist for performing usability evaluation, they lack a systematic framework for guiding and structuring the assessment and reporting activities. Consequently, analysis and reporting of usability data are ad hoc and do not live up to their potential in cost effectiveness, and usability engineering support tools are not well integrated. We developed the User Action Framework, a structured knowledge base of usability concepts and issues, as a framework on which to build a broad suite of usability engineering support tools. The User Action Framework helps to guide the development of each tool and to integrate the set of tools in the practitioner's working environment. An important characteristic of the User Action Framework is its own reliability in term of consistent use by practitioners. Consistent understanding and reporting of the underlying causes of usability problems are requirements for cost-effective analysis and redesign. Thus, high reliability in terms of agreement by users on what the User Action Framework means and how it is used is essential for its role as a common foundation for the tools. Here we describe how we achieved high reliability in the User Action Framework, and we support the claim with strongly positive results of a summative reliability study conducted to measure agreement among 10 usability experts in classifying 15 different usability problems. Reliability data from the User Action Framework are also compared to data collected from nine of the same usability experts using a classic heuristic evaluation technique. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 EI 1095-9300 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 107 EP 136 DI 10.1006/ijhc.2000.0441 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 400XN UT WOS:000166898100005 ER PT J AU Gunawarman Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Eylon, D Fujishiro, S Ouchi, C AF Gunawarman Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Eylon, D Fujishiro, S Ouchi, C TI Fracture characteristics of bimodal microstructure in Ti-4.5A1-3V-2Mo-2Fe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fracture characteristics; fracture toughness; cooling rate; bimodal microstructure; Ti-4.5A1-3V-2Mo-2Fe AB Fracture characteristics of the bimodal microstructure in beta-rich alpha+beta alloy, Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe, were studied. The bimodal microstructure was varied by changing annealing temperatures and cooling rates from the annealing temperatures. Annealing temperatures were varied between 1103 K and 1173 K in alpha+beta field for 3.6 ks. While cooling rates were varied from rapid to slow cooling; namely water quenching, air-cooling, furnace cooling and slow furnace cooling. Results of study reveal that the fracture toughness (J(IC)) of the alloy increases with increasing annealing temperature for the given cooling rates except for air-cooling treatment. Relatively high fracture toughness is given by furnace cooling treatment with a cooling rate around 0.1 Ks(-1). However, the fracture toughness decreases significantly in slow furnace cooling specimens with a cooling rate around 0.05 Ks(-1). The microstructural factors dominating fracture toughness will be discussed. C1 Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, Off Sci Res, Tokyo, Japan. RI Niinomi, Mitsuo/B-5965-2011; OI Gunawarman, Gunawarman/0000-0002-2291-5514 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2001 SU 2 BP 775 EP 780 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 534UG UT WOS:000174604900056 ER PT J AU Bobo, WV Miller, SC AF Bobo, WV Miller, SC TI Complicated dual diagnosis: A case for physician involvement in addictions treatment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dual diagnosis; mania; alcohol dependence; brain injury; trauma AB Despite the high prevalence of substance use disorders, the prevention and treatment of such illnesses seem to receive little attention during physician training. This provides cause for concern, as physician involvement in addiction treatment has been relatively sparse. We present the case of a patient whose successful treatment likely relied upon her physicians' intensive training in each of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of her clinical presentation. The case illustrates the need for added emphasis on the assessment and treatment of addictive disorders during medical training, and for more active physician involvement in addictions treatment. C1 Natl Capital Area Mil Psychiat Residency, Washington, DC USA. Malcolm Grow USAF Hosp, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Bobo, WV (reprint author), 4901 Battery Lane,102, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0091-2174 J9 INT J PSYCHIAT MED JI Int. J. Psychiatr. Med. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 490RA UT WOS:000172063800010 PM 11760866 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Pagano, NJ AF Iarve, EV Pagano, NJ TI Singular full-field stresses in composite laminates with open holes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE composite; laminate; open hole; singularity; asymptotic solution; B-splines; hybrid approximation; Reissner's variational principle AB A method of the superposition of a hybrid and displacement approximation was developed to provide the accurate stress fields in a multilayered composite laminate, including the singular neighborhood of the ply interface and the hole edge. Asymptotic analysis was used to derive the hybrid stress functions. The displacement approximation is based on the polynomial B-spline functions. The method provides the determination of the coefficient of the singular term along with convergent stress components including the singular regions. Reissner's variational principle was employed. Simple [45/-45](s) and quasi-isotropic IM7/5250 [45/90/-45/0](s) laminates were analyzed. Uniaxial loading and residual stress calculation (quasi-isotropic laminate) were considered. A convergence study showed that accurate values of the coefficient of the singular term of the asymptotic stress expansion could be obtained with coarse out-of-plane and in-plane subdivisions. The interaction between the singular terms on the neighboring interfaces was found to be important for the convergence with coarse subdivisions. Converged transverse interlaminar stress components as a function of the distance from the hole edge, were shown for all examples. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonmetall Mat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00007-X PG 28 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 367TX UT WOS:000090078500001 ER PT B AU Breighner, LA Talbert, ML AF Breighner, LA Talbert, ML BE Smari, WW Melab, N Yetongnon, K TI Scenario component reuse in DOD simulation systems SO ISE'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Information Systems and Engineering (ISE 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE agents; distributed; heterogeneous database; signature analysis; transformation AB The Department of Defense utilizes various simulation systems to model employment of forces and weapons systems in operational environments. The data files that model these environments and weapons systems are extremely large and complex, and require many person-hours to develop. Compounding the problem, these data files are distributed across multiple systems in a heterogeneous environment. Currently, there is no automated means of identifying and retrieving reusable portions of these files for reuse in a new scenario under development. This work develops a multi-agent system that catalogs the files, and provides the user with a means of identifying and retrieving reusable components. Additionally, since the format of the source files varies from simulator to simulator, a process for performing scenario component transformation is developed and implemented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Breighner, LA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-85-8 PY 2001 BP 475 EP 481 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT44E UT WOS:000173027400071 ER PT B AU Luginsland, JW Lau, YY Umstattd, RJ Watrous, J AF Luginsland, JW Lau, YY Umstattd, RJ Watrous, J BE Hunt, CE Chakhovskoi, AG Chubun, NN Hajra, M TI Beyond the child-langmuir law: The physics of multidimensional Space-Charge-Limited emission SO IVMC 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 12-16, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Univ Calif, Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Luginsland, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7197-6 PY 2001 BP 7 EP 7 DI 10.1109/IVMC.2001.939626 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT14F UT WOS:000172068300004 ER PT S AU Jacobs, T Butler, S AF Jacobs, T Butler, S BE Ghosh, S TI Collaborative visualization for military planning SO JAVA/JINI TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ITCOM Conference on Java/Jini Technologies CY AUG 21-22, 2001 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Colorado Photon Ind Assoc DE information visualization; collaborative computing; JavaSpaces AB So that a military commander has precise command, control, and planning information available for a given mission, information must be tailored for a particular area of operation, for a specific level of command, and for a specific time period. The commander must be able to quickly understand the information, query related information, and analyze the information in collaboration with others to plan and control a military operation. To provide such tailored information, we envision an environment in which customized agents traverse a diverse, distributed, frequently changing information space to identify relevant data. Once aware of the data, visual interfaces facilitate understanding and navigation. Geographically separated users manipulate a customized view to access a common information framework in which they can interactively collaborate with other users. We propose an architecture for achieving this vision that is well suited to implementation with Jini networking technologies. As a first step toward achieving this architecture we have developed a collaborative visualization framework that enables multiple distributed users to interact using shared visual interface components while simultaneously communicating via a text-based chat window. Our framework provides communications management and messaging support and well-defined Java class interfaces for integrating visualization components. Initial results indicate significant benefits for application development through reuse and extensibility. We achieved interactive performance and synchronized collaboration using JavaSpaces as the underlying distributed technology. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Jacobs, T (reprint author), 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4245-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4521 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.433006 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT29R UT WOS:000172546100006 ER PT B AU Van Cleave, DW Rattan, KS AF Van Cleave, DW Rattan, KS BE Smith, MH Gruver, WA Hall, LO TI Tuning of proportional plus derivative fuzzy logic controller for nonlinear system control SO JOINT 9TH IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND 20TH NAFIPS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International-Fuzzy-Systems-Association World Congress/20th North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society, International Conference CY JUL 25-28, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB The transformation of expert's knowledge to control rules in a fuzzy logic controller has not been formalized and arbitrary choices concerning,, for example, the shape of membership functions have to be made, The quality of a fuzzy controller can be drastically affected by the choice of membership functions. Thus, methods for tuning fuzzy logic controllers are needed. In this paper, neural networks and fuzzy logic are combined to address the problem of tuning fuzzy logic controllers. The neuro-fuzzy controller uses neural network learning techniques to tune membership functions while keeping the semantics of the fuzzy logic controller intact. Nonlinear systems present a wide spectrum of challenges for control engineers. With neuro-fuzzy techniques, the opportunity exits to control nonlinear systems without the need for a precise mathematical model of the system tinder control. The architecture and tuning algorithm for a proportional plus derivative neuro-fuzzy logic controller (PDNFLC) is presented in this paper. This step-by-step algorithm for the off-line tuning of a feedforward PDNFLC is demonstrated by a numerical example. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Cleave, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7078-3 PY 2001 BP 1288 EP 1293 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BT52S UT WOS:000173245100227 ER PT J AU Hoflund, GB Gonzalez, RI Phillips, SH AF Hoflund, GB Gonzalez, RI Phillips, SH TI In situ oxygen atom erosion study of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-polyurethane copolymer SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic oxygen; POSS; silsesquioxane; polymer; space; space materials ID POLYMERS; EXPOSURE; FILMS AB The surface of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-polyurethane copolymer has been characterized in situ using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after exposure to incremental fluences of oxygen atoms produced by a hyperthermal oxygen atom source, The data indicate that the atomic oxygen initially attacks the cyclopentyl groups that surround the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. cage most likely resulting in the formation and desorption of CO and/or CO2 and H2O from the surface. The carbon concentration in the near-surface region is reduced from 72.5 at.% for the as-entered surface to 37.8 at.% following 63 h of O-atom exposure at a flux of 2.0 x 10(13) O atom/cm(2)-s. The oxygen and silicon concentrations are increased with incremental exposures to the O-atom flux. The oxygen concentration increases from 18.5 at.% for the as-entered sample to 32.6 at.% following the 63-h exposure, and the silicon concentration increases from 8.1 to 11.1 at.% after 63 h. The data reveal the formation of a silica layer on the surface, which serves as a protective barrier preventing further degradation of the polymer underneath with increased exposure to the O-atom flux. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hoflund, GB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 35 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 12 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1199 EP 1211 DI 10.1163/156856101317048707 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 491AE UT WOS:000172085200006 ER PT J AU Weeks, TM AF Weeks, TM TI Aircraft technology investment: The affordability problem SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ball Aerosp Technol Corp, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Weeks, TM (reprint author), Ball Aerosp Technol Corp, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.2514/2.2730 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 402NG UT WOS:000166994500001 ER PT J AU Lee, J AF Lee, J TI Displacement and strain statistics of thermally buckled plates SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 40th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID PANELS AB Previously, we used the single-mode Fokker-Planck distribution to predict displacement histograms of the numerical simulations and strain histograms of the plate experiments. Such an elemental distribution has proven effective in capturing the overall behavior of numerical displacement histograms. Th is is because the Fokker-Planck distribution is realizable. On the other hand, there are two possible equilibrium strain distributions derived from the Fokker-Planck distribution, one of which drops out when the forcing power input is small. By restricting the other strain distribution to a small forcing range, we have exhibited the skewing of experimental strain histograms toward the negative strain. We show here that the actual strain histograms of numerical simulation are neither one of the equilibrium strain distributions, but can be modeled by a linear combination of them. Hence, the unequal strain peaks may not be entirely due to a temperature gradient across the plate thickness, as previously proposed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Struct Dynam Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Dynam Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.2514/2.2740 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 402NG UT WOS:000166994500015 ER PT J AU Yang, B Mall, S AF Yang, B Mall, S TI On crack initiation mechanisms in fretting fatigue SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS; CONTACT FATIGUE; CARBON-STEEL; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; COMPRESSION; CRITERION AB By using the crack analogue model of rigid flat-ended contact, crack initiation inf,in fretting fatigue is analyzed. The coefficient of friction at the edge of contact which characterizes the asymptotic stress field, is considered as rite primary controlling parameter in the process. Meanwhile, the maximum tangential stress criterion and the maximum shear stress criterion are used to predict opening-mode and shear-mode crack initiations, respectively. By examining the model prediction and comparing it with experimental observations, it is shown that the observed microcracks at the small angles to a fretting surface were nucleated in shear mode in the early stage of rests with a smooth initial surface, while the microcracks at the large angles were nucleated in opening mode in rite later stage with a rough worn surface. This understanding may help to establish the sequential damage mechanisms in the complex process of fretting fatigue. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 68 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1115/1.1344901 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 414QU UT WOS:000167678300011 ER PT J AU Rogers, JV Gunasekar, PG Garrett, CM McDougal, JN AF Rogers, JV Gunasekar, PG Garrett, CM McDougal, JN TI Dermal exposure to m-xylene leads to increasing oxidative species and low molecular weight DNA levels in rat skin SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE m-xylene; organic solvents; oxidative species ID ABSORPTION; STRESS; DAMAGE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SOLVENTS; BENZENE AB Dermal absorption of organic solvents, such as ni-xylene, can lead to skin inflammation and pathological changes within hours after exposure. This study detected oxidative species formation and low molecular weight (LMW) DNA in rat skin as potential indicators of m-xylene-induced skin injury. At 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the beginning of a 1-h exposure, skin samples were removed and analyzed for oxidative species formation and LMW DNA analysis. At 2 h, mean oxidative species levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) above unexposed samples. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) LMW DNA values were observed at 2, 4, and 6 h compared to unexposed controls. These results show that oxidative species formation and LMW DNA levels in the skin may serve as indicators for predicting safe exposure levels to in-xylene and other volatile organic solvents. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 2856 G St,AFRL HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH354-03] NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.1002/jbt.21.abs PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 460UP UT WOS:000170327200007 PM 11673852 ER PT J AU Sylvia, VL Walton, J Lopez, D Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Sylvia, VL Walton, J Lopez, D Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI 17-beta Estradiol-BSA conjugates and 17 beta-estradiol regulate growth plate chondrocytes by common membrane associated mechanisms involving PKC dependent and independent signal transduction SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chondrocyte cultures; 17 beta-estradiol-BSA; protein kinase C; signal transduction; phospholipase C; G-proteins ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; CARTILAGE CELLS-INVITRO; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; RESTING ZONE; BINDING-SITES; INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; ESTRADIOL BINDING; RAPID ACTIVATION; STEROID-HORMONES AB Nuclear receptors for 17 beta -estradiol (E-2) are present in growth plate chondrocytes from both male and female rats and regulation of chondrocytes through these receptors has been studied for many years; however, recent studies indicate that an alternative pathway involving a membrane receptor may also be involved in the cell response. E-2 was found to directly affect the fluidity of chondrocyte membranes derived from female, but not male, rats. In addition, E-2 activates protein kinase C (PKC) in a nongenomic manner in female cells, and chelerythrine, a specific inhibitor of PKC, inhibits E-2-dependent alkaline phosphatase activity and proteoglycan sulfation in these cells, indicating PKC is involved in the signal transduction mechanism. The aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the effect of a cell membrane-impermeable 17 beta -estradiol-bovine serum albumin conjugate (E-2-BSA) on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis; (2) to determine the pathway that mediates the membrane effect of E-2-BSA on PKC; and (3) to compare the action of E-2-BSA to that of E-2. Confluent, fourth passage resting zone (RC) and growth zone (GC) chondrocytes from female rat costochondral cartilage were treated with 10(-9) to 10(-7) M E-2 or E-2-BSA and changes in alkaline phosphatase specific activity, proteoglycan sulfation, and [H-3]-thymidine incorporation measured. To examine the pathway of PKC activation, chondrocyte cultures were treated with E-2-BSA in the presence or absence of GDP betaS (inhibitor of G-proteins), GTP gammaS (activator of G-proteins), U73122 or D609 (inhibitors of phospholipase C [PLC]), wortmannin (inhibitor of phospholipase D [PLD]) or LY294002 (inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). E-2-BSA mimicked the effects of E-2 on alkaline phosphatase specific activity and proteoglycan sulfation, causing dose-dependent increases in both RC and GC cell cultures. Both forms of estradiol inhibited [H-3]-thymidine incorporation, and the effect was dose-dependent. E-2-BSA caused time-dependent increases in PKC in RC and GC cells; effects were observed within three minutes in RC cells and within one minute in GC cells. Response to E-2 was more robust in RC cells, whereas in GC cells, E-2 and E-2-BSA caused a comparable increase in PKC. GDP betaS inhibited the activation of PKC in E-2-BSA-stimulated RC and GC cells. GTP gammaS increased PKC in E-2-BSA-stimulated GC cells, but had no effect in E-2-BSA-stimulated RC cells. The phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC inhibitor U73122 blocked E-2-BSA-stimulated PKC activity in both RC and GC cells, whereas the phosphatidylcholine-specific PLC inhibitor D609 had no effect. Neither the PLD inhibitor wortmannin nor the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294022 had any effect on E-2-BSA-stimulated PKC activity in either RC or GC cells. The classical estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 was unable to block the stimulatory effect of E-2-BSA on PKC. Moreover, the classical receptor agonist diethylstilbestrol (DES) had no effect oil PKC, nor did it alter the stimulatory effect of E-2-BSA. The specificity of the membrane response to E-2 was also demonstrated by showing that the membrane receptor for 1 alpha ,25-(OH)(2)D-3 was not involved. These data indicate that the rapid nongenomic effect of E-2-BSA on PKC activity in RC and CC cells is dependent on G-protein-coupled PLC and support the hypothesis that many of the effects of E-2 involve membrane-associated mechanisms independent of classical estrogen receptors. J. Cell. Biochem. 81:413-429, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, MSC 7774, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Prosthodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, MSC 7774, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM boyanb@uthscsa.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603, DE-05937] NR 64 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-2312 EI 1097-4644 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 81 IS 3 BP 413 EP 429 DI 10.1002/1097-4644(20010601)81:3<413::AID-JCB1055>3.0.CO;2-M PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 429BD UT WOS:000168495400004 PM 11255224 ER PT J AU Lee, BL Walsh, TF Won, ST Patts, HM Song, JW Mayer, AH AF Lee, BL Walsh, TF Won, ST Patts, HM Song, JW Mayer, AH TI Penetration failure mechanisms of armor-grade fiber composites under impact SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE penetration failure; ballistic impact; drop-weight impact; static puncture; fiber-reinforced composites; Spectra((R)) oriented polyethylene fiber; Kevlar KM2((R)) aramid fiber; armor-grade fiber composites ID BALLISTIC IMPACT; LAMINATED KEVLAR; GRAPHITE EPOXY; MODEL; INDENTATION; PROJECTILES; DAMAGE; PLATE AB The penetration failure mechanisms of "armor-grade" fiber-reinforced composites with very low resin content were assessed under transverse impact loading in comparison with those of dry reinforcing fabrics. Failure of dry fabrics consisted of the successive fracture of individual yams along the periphery of the penetrating head as well as the movement of yams slipping off from the penetrator. In contrast, the principal yams in the composites, which faced the penetrating head, failed to carry the load mostly through fracture due to the constraint of the resin matrix and the reduced yam mobility. As a result, the composites absorbed more energy than the fabrics. The ratio of the number of broken yams in the fabrics to that of the composites correlated quite well with the corresponding ratio of energy absorbed, confirming that fiber straining is responsible for most of the energy absorption in penetration failure. Numerical modeling was utilized to show that yam slippage in the fabrics results in a smaller effective penetrator radius leading to a decrease in energy absorption capacity with equal penetrator masses. Although the resin matrix itself did not absorb significant amounts of energy, it certainly had an indirect effect on the energy absorption capacity of composites by influencing the number of yams broken. Stiffer resin matrix prevented the yam movement to a greater degree and thereby forced the penetrator to engage and break more yams. Up to the thickness of 3 mm, the dependence of the kinetic energy for full perforation of composites on the laminate thickness was close to the case of ductile monolithic materials such as polycarbonate or aluminum but in less linear fashion. The deviation from the linearity was attributed to a unique mode of tensile failure of armor-grade composites in which a critical level of kinetic energy for full perforation is lowered by the mobility of yams. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Command, RD&E Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, BL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 37 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 44 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 18 BP 1605 EP 1633 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 485QQ UT WOS:000171766400001 ER PT J AU Bergeron, BE Murchison, DF Schindler, WG Walker, WA AF Bergeron, BE Murchison, DF Schindler, WG Walker, WA TI Effect of ultrasonic vibration and various sealer and cement combinations on titanium post removal SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH; RETENTION AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the force required to remove prefabricated posts. Ninety-six extracted human canines were divided into eight groups, which were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha and either a eugenol-containing (Roth's 801 Elite) or eugenol-free (AH26) sealer. Titanium #6 Parapost XH posts were cemented with either zinc phosphate or Panavia 21 resin cement. One half of the sample was subjected to ultrasonic vibration for 16 min at the post-dentin interface, whereas the other half received no vibration (controls). Each combination of sealer, cement, and vibration status was subjected to tensile load to failure using an Instron testing machine. Posts cemented in teeth obturated with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer demonstrated significantly greater resistance to dislodgement, compared with teeth obturated with gutta-percha and Both's 801 Elite sealer. There was no statistical difference in retention of posts cemented with either zinc phosphate or Panavia 21, regardless of the sealer used. Additionally ultrasonic vibration increased post retention for both cements. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Gen Dorectory Residency, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Adv Educ Program Endodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Walker, WA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1097/00004770-200101000-00004 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 388VC UT WOS:000166202900004 PM 11487157 ER PT J AU Iyer, K Mall, S AF Iyer, K Mall, S TI Analyses of contact pressure and stress amplitude effects on fretting fatigue life SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID INITIATION AB Elastic-plastic finite element analyses of a cylinder-on-plate configuration, studied experimentally, were performed to provide an explanation for the decrease in fretting fatigue life with increasing contact pressure. Three values of normal load, namely 1338 N, 2230 N, and 3567 N, and three stress ratios (0.1, 0.5, and 0.7) were considered. Based on a previously determined dependency between contact pressure and friction coefficient, the effect of coefficient of friction was also evaluated. The deformation remained elastic under all conditions examined. Cyclic, interfacial stresses, and slips were analyzed in detail. The amplification of remotely applied cyclic stress in the contact region is shown to provide a rationale for the effect of contact pressure and stress amplitude on life. Comparisons with previous experiments indicate that the local stress range computed from finite element analysis may be sufficient for predicting fretting fatigue life. Further, the results suggest that the slip amplitude and shear traction may be neglected for this purpose. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iyer, K (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Iyer, Kaushik/H-1411-2016 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1115/1.1288211 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 430KF UT WOS:000168572500010 ER PT J AU Jackson, WG Michalek, JE AF Jackson, WG Michalek, JE TI Temporal changes in TCDD levels in 1419 Air Force Vietnam-era veterans not occupationally exposed to herbicides SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agent Orange; dioxin; TCDD ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; BACKGROUND DATA; FOLLOW-UP; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; DIOXINS; GERMANY; SERUM AB We summarize temporal changes in the distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) measurements made in serum drawn in 1987, 1992, and 1997 from 1419 Air Force Vietnam-era veterans who served as comparisons in a 20-year prospective study of health and exposure to herbicides and their TCDD contaminant in Air Force veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerial spraying of Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam. Among comparison veterans, TCDD levels decreased significantly with time at a rate of -0.25 parts per trillion per year. We also describe paired serum TCDD measurements in a subgroup of 33 veterans who had detectable levels in both 1987 and 1992. The paired measurements suggested that serum TCDD levels decreased with time, including those near the limit of detection. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), 2606 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500146 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 406DN UT WOS:000167199800006 PM 11246802 ER PT J AU Basu, B Decker, DT Jasperse, JR AF Basu, B Decker, DT Jasperse, JR TI Proton transport model: A review SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HYDROGEN ATOM AURORA; PLASMA SHEET ION; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS; ELECTRON POPULATIONS; THEORETIC SOLUTIONS; ENERGY DEPOSITION; MONTE-CARLO; ATMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE AB The linear transport model for the proton aurora developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory is reviewed. Emphasis is given on the discussion of the studies where the predictions of the model were compared with those of other theoretical methods and with the available data. The excellent agreement between the linear transport model and other theoretical methods gives credence to the accuracy of the numerical technique adopted in solving the transport equations, while good to excellent agreements between theory and observations indicate that the transport model adequately describes the important physics issues of the problem. It is concluded here that our ability to accurately model the proton aurora is limited only by the uncertainties in the input cross-section data (for some collision processes) and by our inadequate information about the incident proton spectra. Some discussions in this regard are included. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A1 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1029/2000JA002004 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391WQ UT WOS:000166379600008 ER PT J AU Lummerzheim, D Galand, M Semeter, J Mendillo, MJ Rees, MH Rich, FJ AF Lummerzheim, D Galand, M Semeter, J Mendillo, MJ Rees, MH Rich, FJ TI Emission of OI(630 nm) in proton aurora SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID H-ATOM FLUXES; TRANSPORT-THEORETIC MODEL; DOPPLER PROFILES; HYDROGEN; ATMOSPHERE; ENERGY; IONOSPHERE; DEGRADATION; COLLISIONS AB A red aurora occurred over southern Canada and central Maine on April 11, 1997, producing a brightness of O I(630 nm) of several Kilorayleighs, which lasted for several hours. Two passes of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F12 satellite occurred during this time, and optical data were obtained from four CEDAR Optical Tomographic Imaging Facility (COTIF) sites. The DMSP F12 particle spectrometers observed proton precipitation south of the electron aurora with energy fluxes of several mW m(-2). Tomographic inversion of the COTIF optical observations gives the altitude profile of emissions along a magnetic meridian. We combine all available data using an ionospheric auroral model. Our analysis shows that the model produces the observed auroral brightness from the proton precipitation alone. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, VSB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Lummerzheim, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Galand, Marina/C-6804-2009; Mendillo, Michael /H-4397-2014 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A1 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1029/2000JA002005 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391WQ UT WOS:000166379600012 ER PT J AU Sabol, C Culp, R AF Sabol, C Culp, R TI Improved angular observations in geosynchronous orbit determination SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS ID TDRS AB How improved angular observations can aid in the determination of satellite position and velocity in the geosynchronous orbit regime is studied. Raven, a new, automated, low-cost sensor being tested by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, allows for angular observations of satellites to be made with a standard deviation of approximately 1 arc-s (which maps into approximately 170 m at geosynchronous altitude); this is an order of magnitude improvement over traditional angular observation techniques. Simulation studies are undertaken to show how these angular observations can be used in the orbit determination process both as the only tracking data source and as a supplement to other tracking data sources, such as radio transponder ranges. Parameters varied in the simulation studies include the number of observing stations, the density of the optical observations, and the number of nights of optical tracking. The studies indicate that including the improved angular observations with traditional high-accuracy range observations produces a considerable improvement in orbit determination accuracy over the range observations alone. The studies also indicate that single site geosynchronous orbit determination is an attractive alternative when combining improved angular and high-accuracy range observations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.2514/2.4685 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 391LT UT WOS:000166358000015 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Mark, JE Unroe, MR Arnold, FE AF Zhou, W Mark, JE Unroe, MR Arnold, FE TI Some clay nanocomposites based on a high-temperature, high-performance polymer SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE clay nanocomposites; high-performance polymers; intercalated and exfoliated clay particles; mechanical properties; organic-inorganic hybrid materials; poly(biphenyl ether triphenylphosphate) ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOLAYER REINFORCEMENT; POLYPROPYLENE OLIGOMER; MELT INTERCALATION; HYBRID; MODEL; MONTMORILLONITE; PREDICTIONS AB The techniques of reinforcing relatively tractible polymers by means of intercalated and exfoliated clay particles are applied here to the more challenging case of a necessarily less tractible high-performance polymer. The polymer, poly(biphenyl ether triphenylphosphate), was chosen because of its earlier characterization in U.S. Air Force programs developing such composites. Conditions were found in which the polymer intercalated and exfoliated a montmorillonite clay, and the resulting nanocomposites were characterized with regard to their structures, thermal properties, and mechanical properties. As was found in previous investigations of high-performance materials, it was possible to improve a few properties, but then only at the cost of undesirable changes in other properties. In the present case, it was at least somewhat possible to increase thermal stability and to significantly increase extension moduli. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Polymer Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Polymer Branch, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mark, JE (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1081/MA-100000355 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 414TT UT WOS:000167682800001 ER PT J AU Edwards, RC Kiely, KD Eppley, BL AF Edwards, RC Kiely, KD Eppley, BL TI The fate of resorbable poly-L-lactic/polyglycolic acid (LactoSorb) bone fixation devices in orthognathic surgery SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ZYGOMATIC FRACTURES; SCREW FIXATION; PLATES; OSTEOTOMIES AB Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-ten outcome of resorbable poly-L-lactic/polyglycolic acid (PLLA-PGA) bone fixation devices used for fixation of maxillary and mandibular osteotomies. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients were postoperatively evaluated. Eight patients who had undergone bilateral sagittal split mandibular osteotomies that had been fixed with PLLA-PGA screws were followed-up for up to 2 years postoperatively with radiographs. One of these patients underwent a bone biopsy for detailed histologic evaluation of the screw fixation sites. Two patients who had undergone mandibular symphyseal osteotomies were also radiographically evaluated at 18 months to 2 years postoperatively. Two patients who had Lte Fort I osteotomies fixed with PLLA-PGA plates and screws underwent open exploration of the operated sites for visual examination. Results: All 8 mandibular osteotomy patients showed radiographic screw hole lucency immediately after surgery that remained unchanged in the first) car after surgery. By 18 months postoperatively, all 48 screw holes showed near or complete trabecular bone fill. The bone biopsy of one screw hole at 2 years postoperatively showed complete fill with normal trabecular bone. No residual polymer material or fibrous scar was seen. The mandibular symphyseal sites showed complete elimination of all screw holes by 2 years postoperatively, with only faint evidence of intraosseous tunnels. The maxillary sites showed complete bone healing along the osteotomies and no evidence of residual fixation material or bone defects in the screw holes. No communication with the maxillary sinus was seen in the fixation sites. Conclusion: This orthognathic patient series showed complete resorption of the PLLA-PGA fixation devices without osteolysis in maxillary and mandibular bone sites by 18 to 24 months after surgery. This is partially a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Associates, Rochester, NY 14618 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. Nellis AFB, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Las Vegas, NV USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Edwards, RC (reprint author), Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Associates, 880 Westfall Rd, Rochester, NY 14618 USA. NR 15 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1053/joms.2001.19267 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 389JQ UT WOS:000166235200007 PM 11152185 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JA Lin, JC Cordle, RA Lloyd, WC Lillis, PK O'Hara, M AF O'Connor, JA Lin, JC Cordle, RA Lloyd, WC Lillis, PK O'Hara, M TI Primary ocular posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplant patients SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; DISORDER C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Consortium, Dept Pediat, MMNP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP O'Connor, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Consortium, Dept Pediat, MMNP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 89 EP 91 DI 10.1097/00005176-200101000-00023 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 388KG UT WOS:000166179200023 PM 11176333 ER PT J AU Gorrell, SE Copenhaver, WW Chriss, RM AF Gorrell, SE Copenhaver, WW Chriss, RM TI Upstream wake influences on the measured performance of a transonic compressor stage SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ROTOR AB The influence of an upstream wake on the performance of a downstream compressor stage with transonic inlet conditions is studied. Experimental results from fixed plane compressor exit instrumentation show that deep wakes, representative of heavily loaded stator wakes, persist further downstream than anticipated. The influences of the upstream wakes are aliased into a typical stator pitch held, thus magnifying their "true" influence. Results also show that reducing the axial spacing between the upstream stator blade-row and downstream rotor blade-row reduced the overall performance suggesting that mechanisms other than wake recovery are present for this compressor. This change in performance was determined to be associated with the upstream stator wakes. The work presented herein shows that the stator/rotor interaction is significant and should be accounted for in the design, testing, and analysis of transonic axial compressors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Gorrell, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.2514/2.5705 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 393FG UT WOS:000166458100005 ER PT J AU Gruber, MR Baurle, RA Mathur, T Hsu, KY AF Gruber, MR Baurle, RA Mathur, T Hsu, KY TI Fundamental studies of cavity-based flameholder concepts for supersonic combustors SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUN 20-24, 1999 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID TRAPPED-VORTEX COMBUSTOR; NAVIER-STOKES; FLOW; OSCILLATIONS; LAYERS AB Experimental and computational investigations of the flowfield associated with several cavity-based flameholders in a nonreacting supersonic how are described. All cavity flows were of the open type, that is, length-to-depth ratio L/D < 10, Two values of LID were studied with several offset ratios (OR) and aft ramp angles , Results indicate that the aft ramp angle plays an important role in determining the character of the shear layer that spans the cavity. For a rectangular cavity with OR = 1 and theta = 90 deg, a compression wave forms as the how separates from the cavity's upstream corner, A strong recompression occurs at the aft wall, and the how is visibly unsteady. The pressure on the cavity fore wall decreases steadily and the recompression process occurs more gradually with decreasing aft ramp angle, Higher drag coefficients and shorter residence times are found in cavities with shallower ramp angles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Gruber, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 1790 Loop Rd N, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 45 TC 85 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.2514/2.5720 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 393FG UT WOS:000166458100019 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Kemp, JD Griffin, S Clark, RL AF Lane, SA Kemp, JD Griffin, S Clark, RL TI Active acoustic control of a rocket fairing using spatially weighted transducer arrays SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A preliminary study, including experimental results for a novel active acoustic control approach to reduce the low-frequency modal response in a rocket fairing, is presented. The control method uses spatially weighted transducer arrays with Hz feedback control laws to attenuate globally the targeted acoustic modes. The nature of the fairing acoustic problem is described, the theory of the control approach is discussed, and important feasibility issues regarding the actual implementation of the control method are presented. Several controllers were implemented on a full-scale composite model of a small rocket fairing, The results demonstrate that the controller was able to reduce the response of the low-frequency modes by 6-12 dB with very little spillover. In addition, a spatially averaged reduction of the acoustic response of the fairing interior in excess of 3 dB over the 20-200-Hz bandwidth was demonstrated. The feasibility studies indicate that limitations on actuator power and volumetric displacement under actual launch conditions are not necessarily prohibitive, but may be satisfied with continued development of actuator technology and placement optimization. C1 Jackson & Tull Engn, Space & Aeronaut Technol Div, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), Jackson & Tull Engn, Space & Aeronaut Technol Div, 1900 Randolph Rd SE,Ste H, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.2514/2.3662 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400RP UT WOS:000166885700016 ER PT J AU Spencer, DB Luu, KK Campbell, WS Sorge, ME Jenkin, AB AF Spencer, DB Luu, KK Campbell, WS Sorge, ME Jenkin, AB TI Orbital debris hazard assessment methodologies for satellite constellations SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The expected proliferation of satellite constellations in the near future will tax the space environment in several ways. The many steps used to assess hazards posed to or by a satellite constellation are illustrated. Two categories of environmental impacts are examined: the effects of the constellations on the space debris environment and the effects of the environment on the satellite constellations. Issues such as intersatellite collision hazards far both controlled and uncontrolled spacecraft, intrasatellite constellation collision hazard (collision risks between members of a constellation), and collision risk between constellation members and the cataloged and uncataloged space population are included. Additional analysis of compliance issues with national space policy, voluntary national debris mitigation guidelines, and international concerns are also addressed. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Aerospace Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. Aerospace Corp, Astrodynam Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Spencer, DB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 233 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.2514/2.3663 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400RP UT WOS:000166885700017 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Leonard, D Osborne, J AF Roberts, HW Leonard, D Osborne, J TI Potential health and environmental issues of mercury-contaminated amalgamators SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DENTAL AMALGAM; DENTISTRY; EXPOSURE AB Background. Dental amalgamators may become contaminated internally with metallic mercury. This A contamination may result from mercury leakage from capsules during trituration or from the longterm accrual from microscopic exterior contaminants that result from the industrial assembly process. The potential health risk to dental personnel from this contamination is unknown. Methods. The authors assessed used amalgamators from the federal service inventory for the amounts of mercury vapor levels, as well as the visual presence of mercury contamination. They evaluated these amalgamators for potential mercury vapor health risk, using established National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health methods and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists standards. Results. Ten of the 11 amalgamators assessed had measurable mercury vapor levels. Four amalgamators were found to have internal static mercury vapor levels above Occupational Safety and Health Administration ceiling limit thresholds During a simulated worst-case clinical use protocol, the authors found that that no amalgamators produced mercury vapor in the breathing space of dental personnel that exceeded established time-weighted federal mercury vapor limits. Conclusions. Amalgamators may be contaminated internally with metallic mercury. Although the authors detected mercury vapor from these units during aggressive, simulated clinical use, dilution factors combined with room air exchange were found to keep health risks below established federal safety thresholds. Clinical Implications. Dental personnel should be aware that amalgamators may be contaminated with mercury and produce minute amounts of mercury vapor. These contaminated amalgamators may require disposal as environmentally hazardous waste. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Restorat Dent, Denver, CO USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Detachment 1,USAFSAM,310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 392GQ UT WOS:000166403700023 PM 11194400 ER PT J AU Weir, JD Moore, JT Stoecker, MG AF Weir, JD Moore, JT Stoecker, MG TI An improved solution methodology for the arsenal exchange model (AEM) SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE goal programming; linear programming; integer programming; military ID ALGORITHM AB We develop an iterative approach for solving a linear programming problem with prioritized goals. We tailor our approach to preemptive goal programming problems and take advantage of the fact that at optimality, mast constraints are not binding. To overcome the problem posed by redundant constraints, our procedure ensures redundant constraints are not present in the problems we solve. We apply our approach to the arsenal exchange model (AEM). AEM allocates weapons to targets using linear programs (LPs) formulated by the model. Our methodology solves a subproblem using a specific subset of the constraints generated by AEM. Violated constraints are added to the original subproblem and redundant constraints are not included in any of the subproblems. Our methodology was used to solve five test cases. In four of the five test cases, our methodology produced an optimal integer solution. In all five test cases, solution quality was maintained or improved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Spectral Syst Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Moore, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 52 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601035 PG 7 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 393TP UT WOS:000166486000007 ER PT J AU Josyula, E AF Josyula, E TI Oxygen atoms' effect on vibrational relaxation of nitrogen in blunt-body flows SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID REENTRY CONDITIONS; DISSOCIATION; COLLISIONS; MODEL; VV AB Numerical simulations are presented of the steady-state airflow over a hemisphere cylinder of 1-m radius having hypersonic Mach numbers, where vibrational relaxation is the dominant mechanism and the dissociation of oxygen is small. A Mach 6.5 Row was analyzed at freestream pressure of 50 Pa with a nonequilibrium freestream translational temperature of 300 K and vibrational temperature of 4000 K; a Mach 1.5 flow was also studied to delineate effects of vibration-translation (V-T) energy losses due to N-2-O collisions, The effects on the vibrational population distribution, temperature, and pressure in the flowfield were studied for various media: pure nitrogen and air mixtures of 0.0001, 0.1, and 1% oxygen atoms, Code validation was performed with previously reported computational results and experimental data for equilibrium Row in freestream, but nonequilibrium in the shock layer, An upwind difference numerical scheme was used to solve the inviscid Euler equations coupled to a vibrational kinetics model of N-2, assumed as an anharmonic oscillator of 40 quantum levels. The shock-standoff distance comparison with experimental data for a Mach 7.7 and 8.6 airflow past a blunt body showed good agreement. For the Mach 1.5 flow at nonequilibrium freestream conditions, the high efficiency of the V-T rates of N-2-O collisions introduces additional heating in the shock layer for 0.1% and higher atomic oxygen, thus increasing the shock-standoff distance; for the Mach 6.5 flow, a 0.1% atomic oxygen in air decreases the translational temperature in air compared to that of pure nitrogen in the stagnation region. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.2514/2.6585 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 396RX UT WOS:000166651300013 ER PT J AU Hoppel, CPR Pangborn, RN Thomson, RW AF Hoppel, CPR Pangborn, RN Thomson, RW TI Damage accumulation during multiple stress level fatigue of short-glass-fiber reinforced styrene-maleic anhydride SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE short fiber composite; fatigue; Miner's rule; life prediction; damage accumulation; thermoplastic ID LIFE PREDICTION AB Multi-stress fatigue of short-glass-fiber-reinforced styrene-maleic anhydride (S/MA) composite materials has been studied. Specimens were tested in tension-tension fatigue (R = 0.1) in two patterns: high-stress fatigue followed by low-stress fatigue (high-low) and low s tress followed by high stress (low-high). Results were analyzed using the Palmgren-Miner cumulative damage law. High-low fatigue gave Miner's sums very close to unity, and Miner's sums below unity were obtained for low-high fatigue. A minimum value below unity for low-high fatigue corresponded to a regime in which the first block of cycling was carried to 15% of the life. These results were interpreted by evaluating the evolution of damage and the role of plastic deformation in the fatigue behavior. The high-stress fatigue created a more extensive region of crazing in the matrix material. This plastic deformation increased the mechanical clamping force on the short fibers, making the composite more resistant to subsequent low-stress fatigue testing. When specimens were tested in low-stress fatigue first, cracking occurred in the composite without as much plastic deformation. These cracks were extended by subsequent high-stress fatigue, leading to earlier failure of the composite. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hoppel, CPR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0892-7057 J9 J THERMOPLAST COMPOS JI J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 413RQ UT WOS:000167626100006 ER PT J AU Modlin, JF Snider, DE Brooks, DA Clover, RD Guerra, FA Helms, CM Johnson, DR Le, CT Offit, PA Rennels, MB Tompkins, LS Word, BM Bradshaw, D Cheek, JE Evans, GS Graydon, TR Myers, MG Heilman, C Midthun, K Myers, MG Nichol, KL Mahoney, M Pickering, L Abramson, J France, EK Gall, SA Gardner, P Schaffner, W Wilson, HD McKinney, WP Marchessault, V Siegel, JD Katz, SL Santos, JI Jackson, RE Peter, G Howe, BJ Ashford, DA Perkins, B Rotz, LD AF Modlin, JF Snider, DE Brooks, DA Clover, RD Guerra, FA Helms, CM Johnson, DR Le, CT Offit, PA Rennels, MB Tompkins, LS Word, BM Bradshaw, D Cheek, JE Evans, GS Graydon, TR Myers, MG Heilman, C Midthun, K Myers, MG Nichol, KL Mahoney, M Pickering, L Abramson, J France, EK Gall, SA Gardner, P Schaffner, W Wilson, HD McKinney, WP Marchessault, V Siegel, JD Katz, SL Santos, JI Jackson, RE Peter, G Howe, BJ Ashford, DA Perkins, B Rotz, LD CA Advisory Comm Immunization Practic TI Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (Reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol 49, pg 1-20, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATION ANTHRAX; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; LETHAL FACTOR; GUINEA-PIGS; ANTIBODIES; MANAGEMENT; OUTBREAK C1 Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johnson Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Santa Rosa, CA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Baltimore, MD 21207 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. VA Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Amer Acad Family Physicians, Clarence, NY USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Norfolk, VA USA. Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Denver, CO USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Louisville, KY USA. Amer Coll Phys, Stony Brook, NY USA. Amer Hosp Assoc, Nashville, TN USA. Amer Med Assoc, Grand Forks, ND USA. Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Louisville, KY USA. Canadian Natl Advisory Comm Immunizat, Cumberland, ON, Canada. Healthcare Infect Control Practices Advisory Comm, Dallas, TX USA. Infect Dis Soc Amer, Durham, NC USA. Natl Immunizat Council & Child Hlth Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Natl Med Assoc, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Vaccine Advisory Comm, Providence, RI USA. Pharmaceut Res & Manufacturers Amer, Collegeville, PA USA. RP Modlin, JF (reprint author), Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 85 EP 100 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 456DF UT WOS:000170067300014 ER PT J AU Griffin, S Lane, SA Huybrechts, S AF Griffin, S Lane, SA Huybrechts, S TI Coupled Helmholtz resonators for acoustic attenuation SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DUCT; NOISE AB Helmholtz resonators are used in a variety of applications to reduce the transmission of unwanted sound. This work demonstrates that mechanically coupled resonators can be used to design a particular transmission loss response, provide a wider bandwidth of attenuation, and adapt the transmission loss characteristics of a structure to attenuate disturbances of varying frequency. An analytical model is developed for a single, coupled resonator system mounted on a one-dimensional duct. Experiments are conducted on a similar system that uses a thin membrane to couple the resonator volumes. A simplistic model of the membrane is presented to estimate equivalent "piston" properties from measured physical properties. Experirments confirm that the coupled resonator system behaves as predicted by the model simulations, and that the transmission loss can be shaped by adjusting the mass or stiffness of the coupling member. The experimental results also illustrate the structural-acoustic coupling effects bmr rm the resonators and the membrane, and indicate that a more inclusive model of the membrane and acoustic dynamics is required in order to accurately predict the resonator transmission loss. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Griffin, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1115/1.1320812 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 398ZZ UT WOS:000166787500002 ER PT J AU Shelton, J Libby, A AF Shelton, J Libby, A TI The clinical significance of atypical immature squamous metaplastic cells in cervical smears SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 MA 344 BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 396KE UT WOS:000166634900357 ER PT J AU Shaw, J Stokes, G Kendall, B AF Shaw, J Stokes, G Kendall, B TI Clinical utility of extra-departmental consultations in surgical pathology SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Med Grp 3, Elmendorf AFB, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 MA 1356 BP 230A EP 230A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 396KE UT WOS:000166634901369 ER PT J AU Cina, S Neuhauser, T Gill, S Parcells, C Bee, C AF Cina, S Neuhauser, T Gill, S Parcells, C Bee, C TI Revisiting the utility and usefulness of dual staining SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 MA 1364 BP 231A EP 231A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 396KE UT WOS:000166634901377 ER PT S AU DeVilbiss, CA Schmeisser, E Ercoline, WR Cantu, N AF DeVilbiss, CA Schmeisser, E Ercoline, WR Cantu, N BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Use of the field of view evaluation apparatus (FOVEA) for laser eye protection research: capabilities, limitations and implications SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE AB While the major technological goal of laser eye protection (LEP) is to attenuate any laser radiation that passes through it, consideration of the physical format in which it is realized must not be overlooked. The best protective material can be rendered essentially useless if it does not cover the appropriate field of regard for the wearer. To map the visual field of regard (FOR) coverage provided by LEP devices, the field of view evaluation apparatus (FOVEA) was used. The FOVEA is a one-meter radius are perimeter containing computer-controlled light emitting diodes at one-degree intervals. Three different mapppings of the visual field can be obtained with this facility: (a) the monocular baseline FOR; (b) the accessibility the LEP demonstrates against the direct threat (i.e., a laser source entering the eye beyond frame edge); and (c) the accessibility to indirect hazard (i.e., laser energy reflected from the lens backside entering the eye). Comparison of the direct and indirect fields of regard demonstrates the wide coverage variation generated by alternate frame styles and differing head shapes. These results need to be interpreted with respect to FOVEA limitations. First, the full FOR is mapped without regard for the relative importance of the periphery versus the fovea. Second, the coverage from a particular frame style must be measured and specified with an appropriate range of anthropometric face forms to ensure coverage consistency. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.426714 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700019 ER PT S AU Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS BE Veiko, VP TI Advances in laser ablation assisted processes SO LASER-ASSISTED MICROTECHNOLOGY 2000 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Laser-Assisted Microtechnology (LAM 2000) CY AUG 23-25, 2000 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP St Petersburg Inst Fine Mech & Opt, Fed Techn Univ St Petersburg, S I Vavilov State Opt Inst, SPIE Russia Chapter, St Petersburg Assoc Sci & Scholars, Ctr TRIZ Tvortchetvo, Minist Educ Russian Fed, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Basic Res Fdn DE laser ablation; magnetron sputtering; ion beam; hybrid; plasma; composite; coating ID FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT; CARBON COMPOSITES; WEAR PROTECTION; DEPOSITION; COATINGS; FILMS; NITRIDE; FLUXES AB Recent advances in hybrid technologies combining pulsed laser ablation with non-pulsed plasma sources are discussed. One was a deposition of multiphase materials made of nanocrystalline TiC, WC, WS2, and amorphous diamond-like carbon by a hybrid of laser ablation and magnetron sputtering. These phases were combined into layered and grain/matrix nanocomposite materials, using the laser ablated plasma for low temperature synthesis of crystalline materials. Another was the production of AlON film by the laser ablation of Al2O3 accompanied by a nitrogen ion beam, where synergistic interaction between the two plasma sources provided the generation of chemically active NO molecules critical for the growth of AlON films. In both hybrid processes, the high energy, excitation level, and short duration of the laser ablated plasma were the key factors that enabled production of materials with composition, structure, and properties unobtainable by other deposition methods. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBT,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBT,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3813-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4157 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.413767 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS04A UT WOS:000168412200035 ER PT J AU Collins, CB Zoita, NC Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Camase, DT Davanloo, F Pouvesle, JM Dussart, R Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV Ur, CA Popescu, II Agee, FJ AF Collins, CB Zoita, NC Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Camase, DT Davanloo, F Pouvesle, JM Dussart, R Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV Ur, CA Popescu, II Agee, FJ TI Scaling of gamma-ray transitions induced in nuclear spin isomers by X-rays SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; HF-178 AB Because of the high density of energy storage and the large cross section for its release there is considerable significance of the triggering of induced gamma emission from nuclear spin isomers to efforts to develop intense sources of short-wavelength radiation. The work reported here describes the current experimental focus and results recently obtained. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Orleans, CNRS, GREMI, Orleans, France. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Ctr Sci, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. H Hulubei NIPNE & IGE Fdn, Bucharest, Romania. USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSR, NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Collins, CB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, POB 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/F-9868-2013 OI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/0000-0002-8337-9559 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 399RN UT WOS:000166826300001 ER PT J AU Carroll, JJ Karamian, SA Boyle, MK Kaneko, Y Toman, R Fowler, D Helba, M Roberts, H Agee, FJ AF Carroll, JJ Karamian, SA Boyle, MK Kaneko, Y Toman, R Fowler, D Helba, M Roberts, H Agee, FJ TI Improved method for detection of X-ray triggered decay of the Hf-178(m2) isomer using a multidetector array SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Experiments conducted during the 1990s with the high-spin, 31-year-lived nuclear isomer Hf-178(m2) have been recognized as intriguing rests of multi-quasiparticle state structures and their interactions with external radiation. In addition, this isomer holds considerable promise for applications due to the large amount of energy that it stores, 2.5 MeV per nucleus, or 1.2 GJ/gram. Should a triggered release of this stored energy be practical, this might lead to the creation of a pulsed gamma -ray source controlled by a soft X-ray device, and perhaps even a gamma-ray laser. Recently the observation of "accelerated'' decay of the Hf-178(m2) metastable level under irradiation by 90-keV bremsstrahlung was reported. Unfortunately, in those experiments it was impossible to identify, the branch of the gamma cascade triggered by external radiation in the presence of a high-intensity background. That background was created hy the spontaneous decay of Hf-178(m2) itself, as well as by contaminating Hf-172 activity present in the source. Thus, only a small increase in the intensity of the spontaneous decay gamma lines could be deduced and the details of the physical process remain unclear. The development of new, more sophisticated, experiments is therefore extremely important. One such experimental concept is discussed here. C1 Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Photon Induced Proc, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. SRS Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSR, NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Carroll, JJ (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Photon Induced Proc, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 399RN UT WOS:000166826300002 ER PT S AU Vaccaro, K Spaziani, SM Dauplaise, HM Schwall, D Roland, M Murguia, JE Lorenzo, JP AF Vaccaro, K Spaziani, SM Dauplaise, HM Schwall, D Roland, M Murguia, JE Lorenzo, JP BE Kamerman, GW TI Novel focal plane array integration technology for use in eye-safe imaging LADAR receivers SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A novel integration technology for the fabrication of active, or passive, focal plane array imagers has been developed. The integration scheme is based on the transfer of epitaxial layers to a surrogate substrate without critical alignment. Once the epitaxial layer is successfully transferred to the surrogate substrate, photodetector isolation, passivation, and fabrication are completed. To demonstrate the potential of the process, 320 x 256 arrays of InGaAs mesas were successfully transferred onto commercially-available focal plane array readout integrated circuits. Pitch and pixel resolution are limited by the available standard photolithography. InGaAs mesas transferred to silicon wafers with a pitch as small as 10 gm have been demonstrated. The process was optimized for the fabrication of high-performance vertical Schottky photodiodes. Dark-currents below 5 nA were observed with 44 gm diameter photodiodes. Responsivities of 0.55 A/W were obtained with a 1 micron InGaAs absorber. The new integration process can be used to easily achieve photodiodes with bandwidths higher than 20 GHz, without the use of an air-bridge. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Optelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Vaccaro, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Optelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.440099 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000012 ER PT S AU Dills, AN Andersen, G Knize, RJ AF Dills, AN Andersen, G Knize, RJ BE Kamerman, GW TI Holographic Raman/Rayleigh lidar for all-atmosphere thermal profiles SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Raman lidar; Rayleigh lidar; lidar; holographic optical elements ID TEMPERATURE PROFILES; SYSTEM AB We present a holographic lidar system, designed to give complete temperature profiles of the atmosphere. The lidar uses rotational Raman scattering (RRS) from 0-30km and Rayleigh scattering (RS) from 30-100km. The main feature: of our lidar is a holographic optical element (HOE) which allows individual lines in the nitrogen rotational RRS to be extracted with high efficiency, along with the Rayleigh return. Due to the effectiveness of the holographic filters we have constructed, our lidar can achieve levels of performance far above existing systems using narrowband filters. The system requires no calibration to radiosondes and has nominal susceptibility to environmental fluctuations. C1 USAF Acad, DFP, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dills, AN (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFP, HQ, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.440107 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000019 ER PT S AU Marciante, JR Sarangan, AM Bossert, DJ AF Marciante, JR Sarangan, AM Bossert, DJ BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH TI Performance and design considerations of angled-grating semiconductor lasers SO LASER RESONATORS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators IV CY JAN 23-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE high-power semiconductor lasers; high-brightness lasers; diffraction-limited beams; Bragg gratings; pump lasers ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; FILAMENTATION; POWER AB In this paper, we examine the performance of the angled-grating laser. The spatial characteristics of the device and design considerations for diffraction-limited performance are explored. The optical spectrum is studied in terms of the device geometry, and suitability to different applications is examined. Finally, the limits of high-power operation are investigated, and scalability to higher diffraction-limited performance is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Marciante, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3948-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4270 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.424668 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BS33Z UT WOS:000169530300019 ER PT S AU Rockwell, BA Toth, CA Stolarski, D Noojin, G Kennedy, P Shaver, J Buffington, GD Thomas, R AF Rockwell, BA Toth, CA Stolarski, D Noojin, G Kennedy, P Shaver, J Buffington, GD Thomas, R BE Duncan, DD Jacques, SL Johnson, PC TI Retinal damage thresholds for 40 femtosecond laser pulses SO LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION XII: PHOTOCHEMICAL, PHOTOTHERMAL, AND PHOTOMECHANICAL SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Tissue Interaction XII - Photochemical, Photothermal, and Photomechanical CY JAN 21-24, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE eye; safety; laser; nonlinear optics; retinal damage ID PRIMATE EYE; LESIONS AB We have shown in previous work that the threshold for laser-induced breakdown is higher than the threshold for ophthalmoscopically visible retinal damage,(1) but they approach each other as pulse duration decreased from several nanoseconds to 100 femtoseconds. We discuss the most recent data collected for sub-50 fs laser induced breakdown thresholds and retinal damage thresholds. With these short pulse durations, the chromatic dispersion effect on the pulse should be considered to gain a full understanding of the mechanisms for damage. We discuss the most likely damage mechanisms operative in this pulse width regime and discuss relevance to laser safety. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, 8111 18th St, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3935-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4257 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.434694 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS86T UT WOS:000171276900015 ER PT S AU Latham, WP Beraun, JE AF Latham, WP Beraun, JE BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Laser effects research and modeling to support High Energy Laser systems SO LASER WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Weapons Technology II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The foundation of every High Energy Laser (HEL) Program is mission requirements. The Laser Effects Research Branch (AFRL/DELE) accomplishes laser effects testing and laser/materials interaction modeling in support of many HEL programs. A complete and thorough understanding of materials interactions, laser/material coupling mechanism, and system and subsystem level failure criteria are required to provide a solid foundation for ensuring that each HEL concept has the ability to meet its requirements. DELE has developed a reliable and defensible laser lethality and vulnerability assessment methodology that supports the ABL, SBL, and GBL Technology programs, as well as other government customers. This paper discusses the DELE lethality assessment methodology and explains requirements for experimental data and algorithm development within the laser lethality and vulnerability area. Current applications and data sets cover a broad range of laser parameters and materials properties. In addition, new lasers, new materials, and new applications continue to be rapidly added to the area. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the audience to the formalized process/discipline of formulating vulnerability criteria for different HEL systems by emphasizing the laser/materials phenomenology. Some of the DELE laser facilities and diagnostic capabilities are reviewed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DELE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DELE, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4071-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4376 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.438181 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT16K UT WOS:000172147000004 ER PT S AU Robertson, L Johnson, C Tipton, C Jordan, D Van Berg, C Cleaver, A Manning, W AF Robertson, L Johnson, C Tipton, C Jordan, D Van Berg, C Cleaver, A Manning, W BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Acquisition, tracking and pointing hardware architecture for the non-cooperative dynamic compensation experiment SO LASER WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Weapons Technology II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Acquisition, Tracking and Pointing hardware and software for the Airborne Laser Advanced Concept Testbed (ABL-ACT) Non-Cooperative Dynamic Compensation Experiment (NoDyCE) is described. Five main components make-up the entire ABL-ACT ATP system. These systems are: a 1-meter elevation over azimuth gimbal and gimbal control system with two acquisition sensors, a dome controller, a coarse track system, a fine track system, and a mode logic control system. Each subsystem's unique functionality, hardware choice and top level software architecture will be discussed. The optical, physical and information interfaces between each of the NoDyCE ATP systems is also described, as well as a brief discussion of the NoDyCE experiment goals and the overall NoDyCE architecture. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DEBA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Robertson, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DEBA, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4071-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4376 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.438183 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT16K UT WOS:000172147000006 ER PT S AU Miller, JE Eaton, FD Stokes, SD AF Miller, JE Eaton, FD Stokes, SD BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Correlation of weather parameters with sodar-derived C-n(2) profiles SO LASER WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Weapons Technology II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE refractive index structure parameter; acoustic sounder; fine-wire sensors; atmospheric propagation; atmospheric turbulence; sodar AB Optical turbulence measurements have been performed at North Oscura Peak (NOP), White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) using a variety of precision instruments. A commercially available sodar system is used to collect atmospheric profiles which are calibrated with fine-wire probes to calculate the optical index of refraction structure parameter, C-n(2), from a height of 15 meters to around 160 meters above the ground. In. addition, weather station parameters were recorded in conjunction with the sodar data. The data came from two separate weather stations; one located at I in above ground level (AGL) and the other located at 13 meters AGL, provide localized meteorological data. Many days of this data have been collected and the correlation among the various trends will be discussed for selected days. During the SPIE Orlando 2000, (OR07) conference, three papers were presented describing the preliminary work associated with: 1) Acoustic Sounder system design along with some sodar data, 2) Implementation and theory of the fine-wire probe instrumentation, and 3) The complex terrain and. features of the NOP site. This paper expands on these preliminary findings and provides a more in depth look at the atmospheric trends over several days. These findings will help develop a tool to predict C-n(2) using basic meteorological parameters and evaluate if the present system is sufficient. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4071-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4376 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1117/12.438170 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT16K UT WOS:000172147000012 ER PT S AU Eaton, FD Brown, WP Ford, SD Miller, JE Stokes, SD Stone, VM AF Eaton, FD Brown, WP Ford, SD Miller, JE Stokes, SD Stone, VM BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Intercomparison of optical turbulence observations in a mountain-valley system SO LASER WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Weapons Technology II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Airborne Laser Concepts Testbed (ABL ACT) is located on White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), NM and is used to explore and develop new methods for tracking, pointing, and compensation of laser beams. All of these efforts require a knowledge, of the optical turbulence along the propagation path. The site utilizes a 52.6 kin propagation path over a desert basin between two mountain peaks (North Oscuro Peak (NOP) and Salinas Peak (SP)). Characterization of the optical turbulence at ABL ACT is challenging due to the long path length in the atmospheric boundary layer and the complex terrain of the site. A suite of instrumentation is being used to approach the problem; a sodar, fine wire probes, a pupil plane imager, a differential image motion monitor (DIMM), and a scintillometer. In addition, a weather station senses ambient temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction, and solar radiation-received both horizontally and parallel to the mountain west-facing slope at NOP. Salient features of each instrument as well as the parameters sensed, including path-weighted effects, are discussed. Comparisons of results obtained from different sensors are shown and discussed such as derived from the scintillometer, and pupil plane imager. Special emphasis is given to the optical turbulence conditions at the mountain ridge at NOP which were quantified from observations of fine wire sensors and a sodar (sonic detection and ranging). The results are explained in terms of the geometry of the site and the mountain-valley wind regime. C1 USAF, DEBA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Eaton, FD (reprint author), USAF, DEBA, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4071-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4376 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12.438173 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT16K UT WOS:000172147000014 ER PT S AU Roadcap, JR McNicholl, PJ Teets, EH Laird, MH AF Roadcap, JR McNicholl, PJ Teets, EH Laird, MH BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Comparison of CO2 Doppler lidar and GPS rawinsonde wind velocity measurements SO LASER WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Weapons Technology II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE lidar; Doppler; GPS; rawinsonde; wind velocity AB A comparison Of CO2 Doppler lidar and GPS rawinsonde measurements of horizontal wind velocity was conducted during May 2000 at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts. Seven days of side-by-side measurements using both lidar and GPS sondes were achieved comparing wind velocity as a function of altitude up to 6 km. The horizontal wind velocity was determined by the CO2 Doppler lidar using the Velocity Azimuth Display (VAD) method. Horizontal winds were also determined simultaneously using a differential GPS-tracked rawinsonde which provides GPS position coordinates once per second. Both lidar VAD wind speed Root Mean Squared Difference (RMS) and lidar vs. GPS sonde RMS were calculated and compared as a function of altitude, time, and stability regime. On average, significant increases in both the lidar VAD RMS and lidar vs. GPS RMS were observed during unstable conditions compared to stable conditions. Analyses of lidar VAD RMS show the smallest typical values average near 0.5 m/s over a single profile. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Roadcap, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4071-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4376 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.438174 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT16K UT WOS:000172147000015 ER PT S AU Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Moeller, C Dente, G Tilton, ML Chavez, J Gianardi, D AF Kaspi, R Ongstad, A Moeller, C Dente, G Tilton, ML Chavez, J Gianardi, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Optically pumped type-II antimonide mid-IR lasers with integrated absorber layers SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 USAF, AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800098 ER PT S AU McKay, J AF McKay, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Power scaling Cr2+ lasers to the multi-watt regime SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McKay, J (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800170 ER PT S AU Russell, TH Roh, WB AF Russell, TH Roh, WB GP IEEE IEEE TI Threshold of the second stokes scattering in a fiber Stimulated Brillouin scattering beam combiner SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russell, TH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 665 EP 666 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800332 ER PT S AU Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Morath, CP Norton, HE AF Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Morath, CP Norton, HE BE Longshore, RE TI Non-adiabatic transient behavior of quantum-well photodetectors SO MATERIALS FOR INFRARED DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Materials for Infrared Detectors CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE QWIP; quantum well detector; infrared detection; dark current; transient behavior ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS AB In the presence of a time-dependent external source such as a bias electric field, an incident optical flux, or the temperature, electrons in quantum well devices experience non-adiabatic transport through the barrier layer between two adjacent quantum wells. This non-adiabatic transport process induces charge density fluctuations within each quantum well, resulting in several seemingly unrelated transient phenomena. When a time-dependent electric field is applied to the system, a dynamical breakdown (i.e., the dark current is dominated by a dielectric displacement current) and a zero-bias residual dark current in the quantum-well photodetectors are predicted theoretically. If a chopped time-dependent optical flux is incident on the system, a dynamical drop in the photo-responsivity with increasing chopping frequency and an emission-current spike as the optical shutter is opened are predicted. Finally, as the device temperature is varied with time, a counter-clockwise thermal hysteresis is found theoretically in the dark current curve as a function of the changing temperature. Experimental confirmation of the above theoretical predictions is presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4168-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4454 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.448164 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BT74U UT WOS:000173939500011 ER PT S AU Litton, CW Schreiber, PJ Smith, GA Dang, T Morkoc, H AF Litton, CW Schreiber, PJ Smith, GA Dang, T Morkoc, H BE Longshore, RE TI Design requirements for high-sensitivity UV solar blind imaging detectors based on AlGaN/GaN photodetector arrays: A review SO MATERIALS FOR INFRARED DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Materials for Infrared Detectors CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE UV detectors; photodiode arrays; solar blind; design requirements AB At present, band pass filtered, very high-gain photomultiplier tube (PMT) imaging sensors are employed to detect and image hot UV emitting objects within the solar blind UV spectral region for wavelengths < 289nm, either within or through the earth's atmosphere. In this paper we will review and summarize the stringent requirements that must be met in order to design AlGaN/GaN solar blind UV photodetector arrays that will have responsivities, detectivities, gain, speeds, and low noise levels comparable to those of present-day, high-gain PMT imaging detectors. Photodiode detectors operating in both the photovoltaic (zero bias) and photoconductive modes will be considered together with signal-gain that may be achieved through hybrid avalanche photodiodes (APD's) and photodiodes operating in the pulsed Geiger mode. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Litton, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4168-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4454 BP 218 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.448177 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BT74U UT WOS:000173939500024 ER PT J AU Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK AF Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK TI Unstable flow during supratransus working of Ti-6Al-4V SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; flow localization; beta deformation; strain rate regime AB The occurrence of flow instabilities during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V in the beta phase field has been studied with the help of hot compression tests conducted over the ranges 1000 degreesC-1100 degreesC and 0.001-100 s(-1). The stress-strain curves exhibited steady-state flow behavior at slower strain rates while oscillations were observed above 1 s(-1). Instability analyses conducted using the phenomenological and continuum criteria indicated the possibility of unstable now at faster strain rates (> 1 s(-1)). However, the microstructural manifestation of the predicted flow instability could not be retained in the compressed specimens due to phase transformation occurring while cooling to room temperature and smaller associated strains (50%) in the uniaxial compression test. A high-speed extrusion experiment conducted by imparting larger strain (270%) under unstable flow conditions revealed that the beta instability manifests: in the form of now localization bands. The presence of fine-grained structure within these bands indicates that the kinetics of phase transformation are influenced by the intense localized plastic deformation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat Proc Design Branch, MLMR,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,Microstruct Driven Design Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seshacharyulu, T (reprint author), USAF, Mat Proc Design Branch, MLMR,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,Microstruct Driven Design Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 47 IS 3 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(00)00224-X PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 399PG UT WOS:000166821100007 ER PT J AU Ellerbroek, BL Rhoadarmer, TA AF Ellerbroek, BL Rhoadarmer, TA TI Adaptive wavefront control algorithms for closed loop adaptive optics SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Computation and Control CY AUG 04-07, 1998 CL MONTANA STATE UNIV, BOZEMAN, MONTANA SP N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat HO MONTANA STATE UNIV DE adaptive optics; wave-front reconstruction; recursive least squares ID ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; ANISOPLANATISM AB Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology for correcting the optical effects of atmospheric turbulence in real time, and greatly enhancing the performance of ground-based optical systems beyond the limits previously imposed by the atmosphere. Optimal control algorithms for AO systems can in theory provide significant additional improvements beyond the standard control approaches presently in use, but these methods depend upon accurate knowledge of atmospheric conditions. Since these conditions vary on time scales of minutes, it becomes necessary to constantly update the control algorithm so that it adjusts to the changing atmospheric statistics. This paper presents a method for adaptively optimizing the reconstructor of a closed-loop AO system in real time. The method relies on recursive least squares techniques to track the temporal and spatial correlations of the turbulent wave-front. The performance of this method is examined for a sample scenario in which the AO control algorithm attempts to compensate for signal processing latency by reconstructing the future value of the wave-front from a combination of past and current wave-front sensor measurements. For this case, the adaptive reconstruction algorithm yields Strehl ratios within a few percent of those obtained by an optimal reconstructor derived from a priori knowledge of the strength of the turbulence and the velocity of the wind. This level of performance can be a dramatic improvement over the Strehls achievable with a conventional least squares reconstructor. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ellerbroek, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(00)00235-1 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 391HB UT WOS:000166349600012 ER PT J AU Oordt, MS AF Oordt, MS TI Managing severe gas mask anxiety with a cognitive-behavioral approach: An illustrative case study and treatment protocol SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL DEFENSE; WARFARE; RESPONSES; PHOBIA AB Gas mask-related anxiety can compromise job performance and threaten safety for military, police, and rescue personnel who may need to rely on a gas mask for protection. However, no intervention protocols have been published that specifically address gas mask-related anxiety. Multiple factors may contribute to gas mask anxiety, including physical sensations, cognitive and emotional reactions, behaviors, conditioning, and situational demands. Cognitive-behavioral interventions that address these variables can effectively decrease anxiety in a relatively brief time by using well-established anxiety treatment methods. This article presents a suggested intervention protocol and describes a successful case example. RP Oordt, MS (reprint author), AFMOA, SGOH, 2602 Doolittle Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1303_3 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 464JB UT WOS:000170528500003 ER PT J AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE TI Quantum electrodynamics: Potentials, gauge invariance, and analogy to classical electrodynamics SO MODERN NONLINEAR OPTICS, PT 2, SECOND ED SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 2001 VL 119 SI 2 BP 611 EP 638 PN 2 PG 28 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BU84R UT WOS:000177165000010 ER PT J AU Shelton, J Libby, A AF Shelton, J Libby, A TI The clinical significance of atypical immature squamous metaplastic cells in cervical smears SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 MA 344 BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 396EB UT WOS:000166622400352 ER PT J AU Shaw, J Stokes, G Kendall, B AF Shaw, J Stokes, G Kendall, B TI Clinical utility of extra-departmental consultations in surgical pathology SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Med Grp 3, Elmendorf AFB, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 MA 1356 BP 230A EP 230A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 396EB UT WOS:000166622401365 ER PT J AU Cina, S Neuhauser, T Gill, S Parcells, C Bee, C AF Cina, S Neuhauser, T Gill, S Parcells, C Bee, C TI Revisiting the utility and usefulness of dual staining SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 MA 1364 BP 231A EP 231A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 396EB UT WOS:000166622401373 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, RL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ TI Periodic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structures SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIIth International Topical Meeting on Optics of Liquid Crystals (OLC 99) CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HUMACAO, PUERTO RICO SP Gordon & Breach Sci Publishers, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Sasagawa Fdn, Great Britain, Daiwa Angle Japanese Fdn, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Otsuka Electr Co Ltd, Nara Convent Bur DE holographic gratings; polymer-dispersed liquid crystals ID GRATINGS; FILMS AB Periodic structures in the form of optical and subwavelength gratings are formed as alternating slabs of polymer and polymer-dispersed liquid crystals in a pentaacrylate system. We analyze the physics of formation as well as the optical properties expected from these structures. Experimental confirmation of these concepts is presented. Possible electro-optical applications in devices are given. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3001 P St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2001 VL 358 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1080/10587250108028268 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 422RD UT WOS:000168132300004 ER PT J AU Look, DC Hoelscher, JE Brown, JL Via, GD AF Look, DC Hoelscher, JE Brown, JL Via, GD TI Electrical profiles in GaN/Al2O3 layers with conductive interface regions SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAN; EPITAXY AB Differential Hall-effect measurements are used to obtain profiles of the mobility, 1, and carrier concentration, n, in a 6-1m-thick GaN layer grown on Al2O3 by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). In the top 1-1m region (surface), 1 1000 cm(2)/V-s and n 3 x 10(16) cm(-3), whereas in the bottom 0.75-im region (interface), i 50 cm(2)/V-s and n 2 x 10(19) cm(-3). Throughout the layer, the carrier concentration correlates well with the O and Si concentrations, with [Si] dominant near the surface, and [O] dominant near the interface, proving the shallow-donor nature of O. The average mobility and carrier concentration in the top 5 1m, i.e., the "bulk" region, are close to the values deduced by a much simpler analysis, introduced previously. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1 EP 6 AR 10 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 430GJ UT WOS:000168565900001 ER PT S AU Africano, J Sydney, P Hamada, K Hoo, VS Kervin, P Nishimoto, D Stansbery, E Helin, E Lawrence, K Pravdo, S AF Africano, J Sydney, P Hamada, K Hoo, VS Kervin, P Nishimoto, D Stansbery, E Helin, E Lawrence, K Pravdo, S BE Pirich, AR Repak, PL Idell, PS Czyzak, SR TI Deep space satellite observations using the near-Earth asteroid tracking (NEAT) camera at AMOS SO MULTIFREQUENCY ELECTRONIC/PHOTONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multifrequency Electronic/Photonic Devices and Systems for Dual-Use Applications CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE satellite; geosynchronous; observations; asteroid; telescope; AFRL; NEAT; JPL AB The AMOS 1.2-m telescope is being used 18 nights per month to search for Near-Earth Asteroids (NEA). Since telescope time is a very valuable resource, our goal is to use the telescope as efficiently as possible. This includes striving to maximize the utility of each observation. Since the NEAT searches are within the ecliptic, the same part of the sky as geosynchronous satellites, these search fields contain satellite tracks as well as asteroids. We present the results of simulations of the number of satellites that should be found within the field of view based upon the field centers and times for several nights. We have also examined the NEAT images for geosynchronous objects and present these results. During the remaining nights each month, we use the NEAT camera to obtain observations of deep-space satellites. This data will also be presented. We also present the results of simulations for optimizing search strategies for deep-space objects using NEAT and other AMOS sensors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Africano, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4204-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4490 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.455425 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT90T UT WOS:000174396400021 ER PT S AU Dayton, D Elowitz, RM Lasche, JB Hanes, SA AF Dayton, D Elowitz, RM Lasche, JB Hanes, SA BE Pirich, AR Repak, PL Idell, PS Czyzak, SR TI Simulating range-amplitude returns for the LARRA (Laser Radar for Recognition and Assessment) program SO MULTIFREQUENCY ELECTRONIC/PHOTONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multifrequency Electronic/Photonic Devices and Systems for Dual-Use Applications CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE TASAT; laser radar; ladar; signatures; range-amplitude; 1-D AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has initiated the LARRA (Laser Radar for Recognition and Assessment) program to investigate the use of laser radar signatures for identifying and determining the pose of satellites. The algorithms will use the 1-D range-amplitude information in the returns. To determine the identification and/or pose, the field returns will be correlated over a library of simulated returns. It is critical that the algorithms that produce the simulated returns do so accurately. AFRL has previously sponsored the development of TASAT (Time-Domain Analysis Simulation for Advanced Tracking), which has the capability to simulate the returns from satellites, to include the effects of atmospheric propagation. In this paper, we describe the modification and verification of TASAT using returns from mock satellites placed on the ground at a distance of 1km from the laser. The laser is a mode-locked CO2 (10.6mu) and the FWHM of the micropulses is 1.4ns. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lasche, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4204-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4490 BP 256 EP 265 DI 10.1117/12.455431 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT90T UT WOS:000174396400028 ER PT S AU Czyzak, SR AF Czyzak, SR BE Pirich, AR Repak, PL Idell, PS Czyzak, SR TI Active imaging update and their dual use applications SO MULTIFREQUENCY ELECTRONIC/PHOTONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multifrequency Electronic/Photonic Devices and Systems for Dual-Use Applications CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB The uses of all classes of space systems both military and commercial are rapidly increasing. In turn the surveillance of these systems and their activities are becoming of increasing importance to the uses of these systems. Unfortunately, the present surveillance infrastructure is not keeping pace with the demand for information and new infrastructure and capabilities are needed. As a result new technologies are being developed to support the need. These technologies can be used by both the military and commercial use and thus "dual-use technologies" have come into reality. The background conditions, current research directions, and their dual use applications are briefly examined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Czyzak, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4204-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4490 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1117/12.455435 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT90T UT WOS:000174396400030 ER PT B AU Young, HC Bleckmann, CA Huang, JQ Reynolds, DE Goltz, MN AF Young, HC Bleckmann, CA Huang, JQ Reynolds, DE Goltz, MN BE Leeson, A Kelley, ME Rifai, HS Magar, VS TI Quantitative validation of a model of chlorinated ethene natural attenuation SO NATURAL ATTENUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, IT Grp Inc, Parsons, Regenesis, USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, USN, Fac Engn Command AB The implementation of natural attenuation as a contaminated groundwater remediation strategy requires a detailed understanding of how physical, chemical, and biological processes impact contamination at a particular site. One way to gain this understanding is through contaminant fate and transport modeling. In this study, a deterministic model that included relevant fate and transport processes was applied to a chlorinated ethene-contaminated field site, at which spatial and temporal data had been collected. Parameters used for model input were obtained from the literature, experimental data, and by calibrating the model using concentration data from 1993. The model was then run in a predictive mode, and simulation results were compared to field data from 1999. Model performance was measured by comparison of observed and simulated concentration contour plots and evaluation of goodness-of-fit statistics. Over the six years the model was run in a predictive mode, the model was found to predict contaminant concentrations reasonably well for the three contaminants that were monitored. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Young, HC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-112-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 2001 VL 6 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BU12V UT WOS:000175096200020 ER PT S AU Price, SD Egan, MP AF Price, SD Egan, MP BE Ip, WH Masson, PL TI Spaced based infrared detection and characterization of Near Earth Objects SO NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS, IMPACT HAZARDS, AND THE MARS INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B0 3/B0 4-C3 5 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 16-23, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Beijing Astron Observ, Chinese Natl Astron Observ, Int Astron Union, Comm Space Res, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Inst Space & Astron Sci ID ASTEROID SURVEY; THERMAL-MODEL; 2 PALLAS; POPULATION; DISCOVERY; PLANETS; APOLLO; COMET; CERES; SIZE AB An infrared space-based survey system would be an invaluable adjunct to the ground based visible searches for the discovery of Near Earth Objects (NEOs). It would significantly increase the discovery rate of NEOs and would have unique capabilities to probe their physical character. An infrared NEO survey compensates for the bias of visible searches to preferentially discover high albedo objects and is better at discovering Atens as it can survey the sky at fairly small solar elongation angles. Furthermore, mid-infrared observations have proven to be the most efficient method for determining size. We demonstrate the performance capabilities of a space-based system for an NEO survey and follow-up characterization. The mission objectives are shown to be achieved with infrared and visible focal planes in a half-meter class telescope with diffraction limited performance at 8 mum. A brief review is given of the current technology available to field such as system. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSB, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2001 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1117 EP 1127 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00493-8 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT68E UT WOS:000173723500003 ER PT B AU Beckman, R Martinez, A Bourgeois, B AF Beckman, R Martinez, A Bourgeois, B GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI LOST2: Results from sea trials SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB This paper develops and demonstrates a new accurate underwater positioning system, LOST2. LOST2 nonlinearly combines parts of dead-reckoning, acoustic-based, and terrain-based positioning into a single integrated system. The LOST2 system is composed of two major subsystems, a system observer and a constrained extended Kalman filter. Inputs to the system are as follows: 1) high resolution bathymetry, 2) measured ocean depth at the position of the vessel, 3) measured or estimated vessel velocity, 4) slant range to and position of a known point, and 5) an initial prediction of the vessel's location. The system is capable of providing position estimates with the same degree of accuracy as present methods, with significantly less hardware. In this paper, the system development is briefly discussed, and results from tow body and UUV sea trials are presented. The results of the field trials demonstrate the viability of the system as a new method to position underwater vessels. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beckman, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1822 EP 1828 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800287 ER PT S AU Taboada, J Gaines, D Perez, MA Waller, SG Ivan, DJ Baldwin, JB LoRusso, F Tutt, R Thompson, B Perez, J Tredici, T Johnson, DA AF Taboada, J Gaines, D Perez, MA Waller, SG Ivan, DJ Baldwin, JB LoRusso, F Tutt, R Thompson, B Perez, J Tredici, T Johnson, DA BE Manns, F Soderberg, PG Ho, A TI Scanning confocal slit photon counter measurements of post PRK haze in two-year study SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies XI CY JAN 20-21, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE corneal light scatter; corneal haze; haze measurement; scanning confocal biomicroscopy ID LASER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; CORNEAL HAZE AB In our study, a group of 80 United States Air Force, non-flying personnel will undergo photorefractive corneal surgery (PRK) for moderate levels of myopia (<6 diopters) and 20 will serve as controls. As of this report, approximately 56 have had the treatment. Of these, only about 59% of the treated eyes showed even a trace (.5) level of clinically assessed haze at any time. We report on the use of a recently developed instrument designed for the objective measurement of these low levels of haze in treated corneas. The sensitivity of the instrument is derived from the use of a scanning confocal slit photon counter (SCSPC). The use of a physical standard for calibration secures accuracy and reproducibility over an extensive period of time. Our haze measurements in this study revealed a very low level increase from baseline values for these patients. The typical increase over baseline was of the same magnitude as the variability in the observations, although the inherent variability in the measurements was approximately 0.25 times the value of the patient's haze variability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM john.taboada@brooks.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3923-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4245 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.429274 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BS70A UT WOS:000170898000002 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Algorithms for correlating severely obscured images in nonoverlapping background illumination and zero-mean noise SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XII CY APR 19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE pattern recognition; optimal filtering; correlation; associative memory ID PHASE-ONLY FILTER; SIMULATED ANNEALING ALGORITHM; JOINT TRANSFORM CORRELATION; TRADE-OFF FILTERS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY; CORRELATION PEAK; ENHANCEMENT; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES AB In a previous report we developed optimization algorithms showing how optical correlation filters operating with obscured inputs were affected by disjoint constant background illumination. In this paper we extend these studies by upgrading our algorithms to include the theoretical treatment of zero-mean disjoint noise, as well as constant background illumination. Representative cases of computer simulations involving either noise clutter or background illumination are used to characterize the performance of our upgraded algorithms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4082-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4387 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.421154 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BS37J UT WOS:000169645300009 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Real-time holographic implementation of optimal correlation algorithms SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XII CY APR 19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE pattern recognition; correlators; optical filters; optical processing; photorefractivity ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; PHASE-ONLY FILTERS; PHOTOREFRACTIVE BI12GEO20; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; INTENSITY INVERSION; NOISE ROBUSTNESS; DISCRIMINATION; CRYSTALS; MEDIA; MODEL AB In this paper we theoretically analyze and demonstrate that a photorefractive correlator, originally proposed by D.M. Pepper and later implemented by J.O. White and A. Yariv as well as many others, can be used to realize adaptively a wide variety of optimal correlation filters such as the matched filter, the inverse correlation filter, the maximum discrimination correlation filter and several trade-off correlation filters. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4082-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4387 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.421132 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BS37J UT WOS:000169645300014 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Recognition of SAR images with enhanced scattering centers under extended operating conditions. SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XII CY APR 19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE pattern recognition; correlation; correlators; spatial filtering; SAR; MSTAR data; heteroassociation ID PERFORMANCE; FILTERS AB In this paper we introduce the mean-square-error correlation filter for obscured targets. We derive from this algorithm that the DC-blocked phase-only filter is the best practical approximation to this filter for recognizing SAR images with enhanced scattering centers for both inputs and templates. The performance of the DC-blocked phase-only filter is tested in the recognition of SAR images from the MSTAR data base under extended and non-extended operating conditions. The heterogeneous correlation filter algorithm used to correlate totally different images is utilized to correlate distorted images under extended operating conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4082-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4387 BP 126 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.421133 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BS37J UT WOS:000169645300015 ER PT S AU Wilson, KS AF Wilson, KS BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Comparing edge detection algorithm performance under degrading signal to noise ratio conditions SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XII CY APR 19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE edge detection; image processing; feature extraction; metric; SNR AB A metric is developed for evaluating performance degradation of edge detection algorithms as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR). The metric combines both missed detections and false alarms to form a composite score. This provides a basis for objectively comparing the performance of different techniques and quantifies relative noise tolerance. It is applied to various popular algorithms, Sobel, Roberts, Prewitt, and Laplacian of Gaussian, but is described in sufficient detail to facilitate easy application to other edge detection methods. Results shown allow selection of the most optimum method for application to images with known SNR levels. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, KS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4082-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4387 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.421139 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BS37J UT WOS:000169645300020 ER PT S AU Petrovich, DJ Gill, RA Feldmann, RJ AF Petrovich, DJ Gill, RA Feldmann, RJ BE Korevaar, EJ TI US Air Force development of a high-altitude laser crosslink SO OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Wireless Communications III CY NOV 06-07, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE LASER; communication; cross-link; data; satellite; Air Force; sensors AB The requirement to send ever increasing amounts of tactical military information between sensor aircraft and information processing facilities for command and control purposes has begun to reach the physical limits of present RF data links, even when data compression is employed. Use of laser data links is under consideration by the United States Air Force and development of an airborne laser data link is under way by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate (AFRL/SN). This technology development program is being conducted in two phases. The first phase included the design and evaluation of a laser data link ground demonstration. This demonstration was carried out in August and September, 1995 between a laser terminal on Mount (Mt.) Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii and a similar laser terminal on Mt. Haleakala on the island of Maul located 150 kilometers (km) away. The terminals used in this ground demonstration were capable of 1.1 gigabits per second (GBPS), full duplex communication with bit error rates (BERs) of 10(-6) or better. A motion and vibration base was used to simulate flight conditions, while the terminal instrumentation was used to collect atmospheric effects data. Results of the ground demonstration, including signal acquisition, tracking stability, and scintillation were used to modify the design of the laser terminal for follow-on air-to-air operations. The second phase of the AFRL/SN development program under way is the transition of the ground demonstration results into a refined terminal design for installation into two business class jet aircraft. Flight demonstration of the laser data link between these kinematic aerial platforms will be performed between two T-39A (Sabreliner 40) test aircraft at distances up to 500 km and altitudes up to 40kft (12.2km). A ground-based field test of these two refined laser terminals is planned for November 1999 between Mt. Palomar in San Diego, CA and a test site 50 lan away. The installation of high-bandwidth laser data link terminals for communication between high-altitude aerial platforms provides for two advances. First, the ability to use advanced airborne sensors generating very large amounts of raw data in near real-time. Second, command and control decisions can be made based on a more timely and comprehensive database of information. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Petrovich, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3879-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4214 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.417511 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BS17C UT WOS:000168950600003 ER PT S AU Nelson, RL Grote, JG Huddleston, JB Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK AF Nelson, RL Grote, JG Huddleston, JB Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK BE Grote, JG Heyler, RA TI Use of Indium Tin Oxide poling electrodes for improved performance of nonlinear polymer based optoelectronic devices SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTERGRATED CIRCUITS AND PACKAGING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits and Packaging V CY JAN 24-26, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optic polymer; optoelectronic; electro-optic modulator; conductive polymer; dielectric constant ID ELECTROOPTIC MATERIALS; CHROMOPHORES; MODULATORS; SYSTEMS; VOLTAGE; OPTICS AB Electro-optic (EO) polymer modulators have demonstrated a high frequency response (> 50 GHz) and therefore hold promise to become the preferred solution for high-speed data transmission. Typically the modulation is achieved via a Mach-Zehnder waveguide configuration with the active polymer sandwiched between two passive cladding layers. This arrangement has been shown to not be optimal in regard to the efficiency for conversion of RF to optical signal. The cladding layers present an unwanted electrical load when either electric field poling or modulation of the active core polymer is desired. We propose the use of thin layers of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) deposited on either side of the core to enable direct and highly efficient poling of the central active region while maintaining acceptable optical losses in the waveguide geometry. Presented are the results of poling studies which indicate that our RF sputtered ITO is a viable electrode poling material, while the results of spectrophotometric and ellipsometric results indicate that the optical loss coefficient is within a range that should allow for acceptable use in the proposed geometry. This approach would eliminate the need for conductive claddings that also increase the device poling efficiency. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, 3005 P St,Ste 6, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3968-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4290 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.426902 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS36S UT WOS:000169642500008 ER PT S AU Donaldson, EE Durstock, MF Taylor, BE Tomlin, DW Richardson, LC Baur, JW AF Donaldson, EE Durstock, MF Taylor, BE Tomlin, DW Richardson, LC Baur, JW BE Kafafi, ZH Fichou, D TI Hybrid polymer-based photovoltaics via carbon nanotubes and electrostatic self-assembly SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Organic Photovoltaics II Conference CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE polymer photovoltaic; carbon nanotubes; electrostatic self-assembly; PPV; BBL; titania; coreshell ID CONJUGATED POLYMER; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SOLAR-CELLS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; TIO2 AB Recently, there has been increased interest in polymer-based photovoltaic devices due to their promise for the creation of lightweight, flexible, and inexpensive electrical power. We examined the possibility of using nanoparticles and nanoparticles with tailored interfaces for the creation of hybrid polymer-based devices with enhanced photovoltaic response. Initially, we investigated the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in the poly(benzimidazo-benzophenanthroline) ladder (BBL) layer of two-layer poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)-BBL photovoltaic devices. Subsequently, we explored the possibility of tuning polymer-particle interfaces through the creation of core-shell particles fabricated using electrostatic self-assembly. For the PPV/BBL(MWNT) devices, a doubling of the photocurrent and a drastic reduction in photovoltage with MWNT incorporation is observed for a range of BBL layer thickness values. This behavior is consistent with the MWNTs functioning as a three dimensional extension of the top aluminum electrode. Fabrication studies on core-shell particles demonstrate that the interfacial properties of a variety of particles can be manipulated, shells of up to 10 bilayers can been achieved, and TiO2 nanoparticles with PPV polymer shells are possible. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Donaldson, EE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Fichou, Denis/K-3540-2013 OI Fichou, Denis/0000-0002-5081-3806 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4179-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4465 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BU44H UT WOS:000176000700009 ER PT B AU Strong, DM Lamont, GB AF Strong, DM Lamont, GB BE Arabnia, HR TI Parallel implementation and analysis of the Genetic Rule and Classifier Construction Environment SO PDPTA'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE data mining; parallel algorithms AB The Genetic Rule and Classifier Construction Environment (GRaCCE)is an alternative to existing decision rule induction (DRI) algorithms. GRaCCE is a multi-phase algorithm which uses a genetic algorithm based search to reduce the number of features to those that make the most significant contributions to the classification. This feature selection increases the efficiency of the rule induction algorithm. However, feature selection is shown to account for more than 98 percent of the total execution time of GRaCCE on the tested data sets. The primary objective of this research effort is to improve the overall performance of GRaCCE through the application of parallel computing methods to the feature selection algorithm. The implementation of a parallel feature selection algorithm is presented. Experiments employed to test this parallel implementation are discussed followed by an analysis of the results which clearly show that GRaCCE efficiency is improved through the use of parallel programming techniques. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Strong, DM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-71-8 PY 2001 BP 1541 EP 1547 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT77Y UT WOS:000174014500233 ER PT S AU Hughes, DH Cohen, L Suter, B AF Hughes, DH Cohen, L Suter, B BE Barber, HB Roehrig, H Doty, FP Schirato, RC Morton, EJ TI Wigner distribution for radar waves incident upon a metallic half-space SO PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications III CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE Wigner distribution; electromagnetic wave propagation; dispersion; reflection AB A plane monochromatic electric field incident upon a metallic interface is analyzed by way of the space-time Wigner distribution. An exact calculation is made and we discuss the behavior of the Wigner distribution at the boundary and inside the metal. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY USA. RP Hughes, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4222-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4508 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.450784 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU20R UT WOS:000175311800018 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F AF Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI InAs/InGaSb superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detection SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices VI CY JAN 22-24, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE type-II superlattices; InAs/InGaSb; infrared detectors; very long wavelength infrared ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; SECULAR EQUATION; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION AB New infrared detector materials with high sensitivity, multi-spectral capability, improved uniformity and lower manufacturing costs are required for numerous long and very long wavelength infrared imaging applications. One materials system has shown great theoretical and, more recently. experimental promise for these applications: InAs/InxGa1-xSb type-II superlattices. In the past few years, excellent results have been obtained on photoconductive and photodiode samples designed for infrared detection beyond 10 microns. Far-infrared photoresponse of superlattices with cut-off wavelengths between 15 mum and 25 mum were studied. The measured photoresponse spectra for both photodiodes and photoconductors are compared to calculated absorption coefficient spectra. The electronic structure and the optical absorption of InAs/ InxGa1-xSb superlattice infrared (IR) detector structures are calculated, for several values of x, using our implementation of the 8x8 envelope-function approximation (EFA) formalism. Good experimental-theoretical agreement is obtained regarding the long-wavelength threshold and absorption shape. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, 3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3966-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4288 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.429407 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS89K UT WOS:000171334100024 ER PT S AU Johnstone, D Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Guido, L AF Johnstone, D Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Guido, L BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI GaN deep level capture barriers SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices VI CY JAN 22-24, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE gallium nitride; deep level transient spectroscopy; capture barrier; polarizability; persistent photoconductivity ID N-TYPE GAN; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; CURRENT COLLAPSE; OHMIC CONTACTS; BUFFER LAYER; UNDOPED GAN; GROWTH; FILMS AB One of the unique properties of GaN is the polarizability. Also, demonstration of luminescent properties in devices such as light emitting diodes and lasers has been surprising, considering the defect density. The large polarization and inactive defects may be related, as demonstrated here by the measurement of several barriers to electron capture. N-type samples grown by both MOCVD and RMBE showed two adjacent DLTS peaks at 125-150K with energies of 0.190 eV and 0.253 eV and one larger peak at 300K. The 300K peak was resolved to two traps, one with emission energy of 0.548 eV in both samples, and one with emission energy of 0.613 eV in the GaN grown by MOCVD. Analysis of the change in amplitude of the emission transients under non-saturating filling pulse conditions gives insight to the capture behavior. The two traps at 300K have coupled trapping and emission characteristics. Both the rate window plots and the fit of the capacitance transient amplitude showed several traps with barriers to capture of electrons at 0.1 eV, 0.04 eV, 0.14 eV, and 0.38 eV. The capture barriers may be related to the shift in core electrons on ions surrounding the defect. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Johnstone, D (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM dan.johnstone@afosr.af.mil NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3966-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4288 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1117/12.429408 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS89K UT WOS:000171334100025 ER PT S AU Guha, S Blackshire, JL Zakel, A Krishnamurthy, S AF Guha, S Blackshire, JL Zakel, A Krishnamurthy, S BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Measurement of charge carrier decay rates in bulk indium arsenide and mercury cadmium telluride wafers SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices VI CY JAN 22-24, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE small band gap materials; free carrier decay rates; infrared nonlinear optics; bulk semiconductor optical property; Auger and defect assisted Shockley-Reed-Hall recombination ID TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB Accurate knowledge of the decay rates of optically generated charge carriers in bulk semiconductor materials is important for various infrared applications. Most of the published decay rates of free carriers generated with above band-gap energy light, in materials such as InAs and InSb are obtained from measurements in thin films. Stronger attenuation of above band gap energy light in these materials prevents the probing in samples thicker than a few microns. To study the decay of free carriers in the bulk semiconductor wafers, we use two-photon absorption of below band gap energy light (obtained from a pulsed CO2 laser). This method generated charge carriers throughout the bulk of the material used (typically having thickness of 1 - 2 mm). The decay of the charge carriers is then probed with a low power cw infrared laser (also with photon energy below the band gap). The decay rates measured at different temperatures are compared with calculations that include Auger and defect-assisted Shockley-Reed-Hall (SRH) recombination processes. Calculation of various recombination processes indicate that the lifetimes are limited by SRH mechanism in InAs samples. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3966-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4288 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1117/12.429421 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS89K UT WOS:000171334100040 ER PT S AU Hayduk, MJ Bussjager, RJ Johns, ST Gerhardstein, CM Wicks, GW AF Hayduk, MJ Bussjager, RJ Johns, ST Gerhardstein, CM Wicks, GW BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Taylor, EW TI Development of semiconductor saturable absorbers for use in photonic analog to digital converters SO PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic and Quantum Technologies for Aerospace Applications III CY APR 17-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE saturable absorbers; analog to digital converter; InGaAs AB Wide bandwidth and high-resolution analog to digital converters (ADCs) are required for the next generation of sensor systems. Progress at advancing the electronic ADC modules has been very slow due in large part to the difficulties in fabricating the electronic circuitry required for very high resolution and high sampling rate converters. It is anticipated that that the use of photonic ADCs will far surpass the performance of electronic ADCs in terms of both sampling speed and resolution. We have recently designed a novel photonic ADC module that incorporates the use of semiconductor saturable absorbers to perform the data quantization at speeds in the tens of GHz regime. Experimental material characterization results including the nonlinear transmission and the recovery time of the semiconductor saturable absorbers used in the data conversion process will be presented. Different material parameters will also be analyzed including the effects of low temperature growth, band-edge position, and strain on these material properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Hayduk, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4081-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4386 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.434222 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT02B UT WOS:000171643900004 ER PT S AU Grote, JG Zetts, JS Nelson, RL Hopkins, FK Huddleston, JB Yaney, PP Zhang, C Steier, WH Oh, MC Fetterman, HR Jen, AKY Dalton, LR AF Grote, JG Zetts, JS Nelson, RL Hopkins, FK Huddleston, JB Yaney, PP Zhang, C Steier, WH Oh, MC Fetterman, HR Jen, AKY Dalton, LR BE Iftekharuddin, KM Awwal, AAS TI Advancements in conductive cladding materials for nonlinear optic polymer based optoelectronic devices SO PHOTONIC DEVICES AND ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing III CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID ELECTROOPTIC MODULATORS; CHROMOPHORES; REFLECTION; SYSTEMS; VOLTAGE AB We have investigated various conductive and non-conductive polymers suitable for use as cladding layers in nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer based opto-electronic devices. Our goal was to maximize the nonlinearity of the core material, minimize the total poling voltage, and minimize the absorption loss. Using a cladding material that is more conductive than the NLO core material, the majority of the applied poling voltage is dropped across the core, realizing a maximum EO coefficient with minimum applied voltage. We found, however, that there are tradeoffs between absorption loss, conductivity, refractive index, materials processability and materials compatibility when using off-the-shelf materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4184-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4470 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.449656 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT77W UT WOS:000174011600002 ER PT S AU Power, GJ AF Power, GJ BE Iftekharuddin, KM Awwal, AAS TI Measuring the success of video segmentation algorithms SO PHOTONIC DEVICES AND ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing III CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE segmentation; video; image sequence; evaluation; quality; metrics; measures AB Appropriate segmentation of video is a key step for applications such as video surveillance, video composing, video compression, storage and retrieval, and automated target recognition. Video segmentation algorithms involve dissecting the video into scenes based on shot boundaries as well as local objects and events based on spatial shape and regional motions. Many algorithmic approaches to video segmentation have been recently reported, but many lack measures to quantify, the success of the segmentation especially in comparison to other algorithms. This paper suggests multiple bench-top measures for evaluating video segmentation. The paper suggests that the measures are most useful when "truth" data about the video is available such as precise frame-by-frame object shape. When precise "truth" data is unavailable, this paper suggests using hand-segmented "truth" data to measure the success of the video segmentation. Thereby, the ability of the video segmentation algorithm to achieve the same quality of segmentation as the human is obtained in the form of a variance in multiple measures. The paper introduces a suite of measures, each scaled from zero to one. A score of one on a particular measure is a perfect score for a singular segmentation measure. Measures are introduced to evaluate the ability of a segmentation algorithm to correctly detect shot boundaries, to correctly determine spatial shape and to correctly determine temporal shape. The usefulness of the measures are demonstrated on a simple segmenter designed to detect and segment a ping pong ball from a table tennis image sequence. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4184-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4470 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1117/12.449657 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT77W UT WOS:000174011600019 ER PT S AU Bussjager, RJ Hayduk, MJ Johns, ST Taylor, LR Taylor, EW AF Bussjager, RJ Hayduk, MJ Johns, ST Taylor, LR Taylor, EW BE Berghmans, F Taylor, EW TI Gamma-ray induced damage and recovery behavior in an erbium-doped fiber laser SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE AND RADIATION ENVIRONMENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Photonics for Space and Radiation Environments CY SEP 17-18, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, CNES, NASA DE Erbium-doped fiber laser; mode-locking; ionizing radiation; gamma-rays; space effects ID OPTICAL FIBERS; RADIATION; AMPLIFIERS AB Erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) may soon find applications in space as high bit rate optical communication systems and photonic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The rapid advancement in digital signal processing systems has led to an increased interest in the direct digitization of high-frequency analog signals. The potential high bandwidth, reduced weight, and reduced power requirements makes photonics an attractive technology for wide-band signal conversion as well as for use in space-based platforms. It is anticipated that photonic ADCs will be able to operate at sampling rates and resolutions far greater than current electronic ADCs. The high repetition rates and narrow pulse widths produced by EDFLs allow for highspeed impulse sampling of analog signals thus making it a vital component of a photonic ADC. In this paper we report on the in situ gamma-ray irradiation of an actively mode-locked EDFL operating at 1530 nm. The onset, growth and extent of ionization induced damage under time-resolved operational conditions is presented. The laser consisted of approximately 3 meters of erbium-doped fiber pumped by a laser diode operating at 980 nm. The picosecond pulses produced by the laser were initiated and controlled by a Mach-Zehnder lithium niobate electro-optic modulator,. The active mode-locking element allowed for the precise timing control of the laser repetition rate which is critical in high-speed optical networking systems as well as in photonic ADCs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bussjager, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4272-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4547 BP 126 EP 133 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BU44A UT WOS:000175999000015 ER PT J AU Billock, VA de Guzman, GC Kelso, JAS AF Billock, VA de Guzman, GC Kelso, JAS TI Fractal time and 1/f spectra in dynamic images and human vision SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article DE 1/f natural image statistics; correlational structure; temporal frequency channels; human temporal vision ID LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS; NATURAL IMAGES; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; AMPLITUDE SPECTRA; STATISTICS; NOISE; SEQUENCES; CONTOURS; SYSTEMS; SCENES AB Many physical and biological systems have 1/f(beta) Fourier spectra - a fractal attribute implying multiple similar mechanisms operating at various spatial and temporal scales. These scaling laws of physical phenomena should have correlates in perceptual mechanisms that have evolved to transduce them. We show that measures of a changing visual environment and perceptual measures of how we see it exhibit fractal-like multiscale characteristics; both dynamic images of natural scenes and human temporal frequency perception display commensurate 1/f(beta) spectral behavior. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Logicon Tech Serv Inc, POB 317258, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. NR 53 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00174-3 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 391AL UT WOS:000166331900005 ER PT J AU Bates, RW Golden, DM Hanson, RK Bowman, CT AF Bates, RW Golden, DM Hanson, RK Bowman, CT TI Experimental study and modeling of the reaction H+O-2+M -> HO2+M (M = Ar, N-2, H2O) at elevated pressures and temperatures between 1050 and 1250 K SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie CY OCT 04-07, 2000 CL GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Bunsen Gesell Phys Chemie ID SHOCK-TUBE MEASUREMENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; 298-K AB The H + O-2 + M --> HO2 + M reaction was investigated at temperatures between 1050 and 1250 K and pressures from 7 to 152 bar behind reflected shock waves in gas mixtures of H-2, O-2, NO, and bath gases of Ar, N-2 and H2O. Narrow linewidth laser absorption of NO2 at 472.7 nm was used to measure quasi-steady NO2 concentration plateaus in experiments designed to be sensitive only to the H + O-2 + M --> HO2 + M and the relatively well-known H + NO2 --> NO + OH and H + O-2 --> OH + O reaction rates. The pressure dependence of the reaction was studied by measuring the fall-off of the reaction for M = Ar over a 10-152 bar pressure range. A simple modified Hindered-Gorin model of the transition state is used in an RRKM analysis of the results to facilitate comparisons of this work with measurements from other researchers at lower pressures. The RRKM calculations can also be described, using the simple functional form suggested by Troe, with the following: k(infinity)/cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) = 4.7 x 10(-11) (T/300)(0.2); k(0)(Ar)/cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) = 2.0 x 10(-32) (T/300)(-1.2); k(0)(N-2)/cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) = 4.4 x 10(-32) (T/300)(-1.3); k(0)(H2O)/cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) = 3.4 x 10(-31) (T/300)(-1.0); F-c = 0.7 for Ar and N-2 and 0.8 for H2O. Measured values of the reaction rate for M = Ar in the highest pressure experiments fall below both simple RRKM analysis and the more sophisticated treatment of Tree using an ab initio potential energy surface. Collision efficiencies of N-2 and H2O relative to Ar at 1200 K are 3.3 and 20 respectively. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, High Temp Gasdynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bates, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerophys Branch, Space & Missile Prop Div,Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2337 EP 2342 DI 10.1039/b010002l PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 446GN UT WOS:000169504900021 ER PT J AU Watrous, JJ Lugisland, JW Sasser, GE AF Watrous, JJ Lugisland, JW Sasser, GE TI An improved space-charge-limited emission algorithm for use in particle-in-cell codes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB An improved space-charge-limited emission algorithm has been developed and tested for use in particle-in-cell codes. Comparisons to established and accepted techniques of modeling space-charge-limited emission demonstrate the new technique to be accurate and efficient. Moreover, the new technique is very insensitive to mesh resolution. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1329152]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Watrous, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1063/1.1329152 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600041 ER PT J AU Fu, BX Hsiao, BS Pagola, S Stephens, P White, H Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J Mather, PT Jeon, HG Phillips, S Lichtenhan, J Schwab, J AF Fu, BX Hsiao, BS Pagola, S Stephens, P White, H Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J Mather, PT Jeon, HG Phillips, S Lichtenhan, J Schwab, J TI Structural development during deformation of polyurethane containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) molecules SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; polyurethane; nanocomposites ID BLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS AB A unique polyurethane (PU) elastomer containing inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules as molecular reinforcements in the hard segment was investigated by means of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The mechanical properties of POSS modified polyurethane (POSS-PU) were also compared to those of polyurethane without POSS. The crystal structures of two different POSS molecules were first determined by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, yielding a rhombohedral cell with a = 11.57 Angstrom, alpha = 95.5 degrees for octacyclohexyl-POSS (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octacyclohexylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,13] octasiloxane). and a = 11.53 Angstrom, alpha = 95.3 degrees for hydrido-POSS (1-[hydridodimethylsiloxy]-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptacyclohexylpentacyclo [9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13] octasiloxane). WAXD results showed that reflection peaks distinct to POSS crystal diffraction were seen in POSS-modified polyurethane, which suggests that POSS molecules formed nanoscale crystals in the hard domain. During deformation, the average size of POSS crystals in POSS-PU was found to decrease while elongation-induced crystallization of the soft segments was observed at strains greater than 100%. The SAXS results showed microphase structure typical of segmented polyurethanes, with an initial long spacing of 110 Angstrom between the domains. At high strains, the average length of strain-induced microfibrillar soft-segment crystals was estimated to be about 60 Angstrom by SAXS. The TEM analysis of highly stretched samples showed a preferred orientation of deformed hard domains perpendicular to the stretching direction, indicating the destruction of hard segment domains by strain. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Systran Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Hybrid Plast, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. RP Hsiao, BS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. OI PAGOLA, SILVINA/0000-0003-2083-7599 NR 27 TC 196 Z9 212 U1 10 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 2 BP 599 EP 611 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00389-X PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 363FK UT WOS:000089824300026 ER PT J AU Vaidya, UK Kulkarni, M Hosur, MV Mayer, A Dutta, P AF Vaidya, UK Kulkarni, M Hosur, MV Mayer, A Dutta, P TI High strain rate response of S2-glass/epoxy composites with polycarbonate facing SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB Impact damage is of critical concern in structures using laminated fibre reinforced composites. Thermoplastic polycarbonate (PC) offers high impact resistance and is often used in a variety of applications, including the windshield and canopy of aircraft, pressure windows and automotive parts among others. Impact damage to structures utilizing composites has been an area of constant concern. In the current study, S2-glass/epoxy composite laminates bonded to PC (referred to as 'S2-glass/epoxy-PC' or 'Laminate-PC') have been investigated for their high strain rate (HSR) impact response. A compression Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) with 19.05 mm (0.75") incident and transmission bars with dynamic recovery technique was used to test four, six and eight layers S2-glass/epoxy-PC samples. Using dynamic recovery technique on the SHPB, the sample was subjected to a controlled single compressive pulse, providing information on damage evolution. The samples were tested under HSR impact in three directions (with respect to the side facing the incident bar of the SHPB). In the first, the PC faced the incident bar, in the second, the S2-glass/epoxy laminate faced the same, whereas in the third, the loading was in the in-plane direction of the laminate. The HSR impact tests were performed by considering three strain rates - 109, 327 and 544/s - for all the experiments. The results of the investigation showed that providing a PC facing to S2-glass/epoxy laminate is an effective way of obtaining deformation in the PC facing which absorbs a large portion of the incident energy, thereby minimizing any delamination threat to the composite backing. PC acts as a sacrificial layer that can be readily replaced in the application. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Composites Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Vaidya, UK (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Composites Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY, SHROPS, ENGLAND SY4 4NR SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 67 EP 80 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 416BU UT WOS:000167760500001 ER PT B AU Kiel, J Rockwell, B Sutter, R Williams, J Hardin, D Morales, P Eikum, D Thomas, R Noojin, G Alls, J Seaman, R Mathur, S AF Kiel, J Rockwell, B Sutter, R Williams, J Hardin, D Morales, P Eikum, D Thomas, R Noojin, G Alls, J Seaman, R Mathur, S BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Laser and microwave induced breakdown spectroscopy: Basis for a new detection technique for chemical and biological agents SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Laser-induced breakdown in air and solutions is a well-investigated phenomenon. The emission spectra are primarily atomic spectra of gases from air and volatilized metallic and other ions. Microwave-induced breakdown in solution has recently been observed. To accomplish the latter efficiently, a soluble organic semi-conductor must be added to solutions exposed to high power microwave pulses. When these same solutions were exposed to laser and microwave-induced breakdown conditions, peaks associated with atomic spectra and the organics were observed in both. However, some unique peaks were found in the microwave-induced breakdown. Therefore, cavitation generated by either laser or microwave pulses is anticipated to generate spectra analytical for specific chemical and biological agents. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2503 Gillingham Dr,Bldg 175E, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 220 EP 223 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000039 ER PT B AU O'Loughlin, J Lehr, J Loree, D AF O'Loughlin, J Lehr, J Loree, D BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI High repetition rate charging a Marx type generator SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Resistive ladder networks are commonly used as the charging and isolation means for Marx type generators. The efficiency is limited to 50% and the charging time is long or equivalently the PRR (Pulse Repetition Rate) is low. The efficiency can be considerably improved by replacing the resistive ladder with inductor elements and the PRR is also improved. In this paper is it shown that by introducing mutual coupling, k, between the two parallel inductors in each stage of the ladder network, the effective inductance during the charging mode is decreased b(1)y a factor of (1-k)/(1+k). Since it is feasible to achieve a coupling, k, on the order of 0.99, this speeds up the charging time by about an order of magnitude compared to uncoupled inductive charging. During the erected or discharge mode the inductors must provide isolation between stages and must not excessively rob energy from the energy store. The mutual coupling is beneficial in two ways. During the erected or discharge mode, it is shown that the effective inductance of the ladder elements are actually increased by a factor (1+k). The Marx switches cause a re-arrangement of the coupled inductors from parallel during the charging to series during the discharge modes. This results in a much faster charging time, by reducing the effective inductance by (1-k)/(1+k); while providing an effective isolation inductance that is (1+k) greater than the uncoupled value. A practical design of the coupled inductor implementation and modeled simulations of the performance are compared to uncoupled and resistive charging. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP O'Loughlin, J (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 242 EP 245 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000044 ER PT B AU Ruden, EL Kiuttu, GF Frese, MH Frese, SD AF Ruden, EL Kiuttu, GF Frese, MH Frese, SD BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Dynamic deformation of a solenoid wire due to internal magnetic pressure SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED COPPER; MODEL AB Deformation of the wire used in the solenoidal windings of an inertially confined pulsed high magnetic field generator is potentially the limiting factor for the magnitude and duration of the magnetic field produced. The rising magnetic pressure at the wire surface can become large enough to cause the cross section of the wire to deform on a time scale shorter than overall solenoid disassembly time. This may result in short circuiting due to insulator breakage and/or physical contact of adjacent windings. An analytic approximation modeling the deformation dynamics is presented which takes into account both inertial and material yield strength effects. The model is validated by comparison to two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the process by Numerex's MS Windows version of AFRL's MACH2. Cases where yield strength has a negligible effect on the deformation, and where yield strength is significant are considered. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000049 ER PT B AU Kiuttu, GF AF Kiuttu, GF BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Calculation of inductive electric fields in pulsed coaxial devices using electric vector potentials SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB In many high-voltage pulsed power systems the electric fields are predominantly inductive rather than electrostatic. That is, in the usual expression for generalized electric field, E = -delPhi-deltaA /deltat, Phi is the scalar potential that gives rise to the electrostatic field, and A is the magnetic vector potential, from which the inductive field is derived. In problems where there are regions without charge separation or steady state currents flowing, the electrostatic component does not exist, and the usual technique of solving the scalar Laplace's equation for the potential is inappropriate for determining the electric fields. Calculation of the magnetic vector potential is plagued by choice of gauge condition and specification of correct boundary conditions. Especially for coaxial (axisymmetric) systems typical of many pulsed power components and systems, where the current flow is in the r,z plane, there are two components of the vector potential that must be solved-each with its own boundary conditions. Specification of all the correct boundary conditions is non-trivial. In this paper, we present a convenient technique for the calculation of inductive electric fields in coaxial systems. The technique is based on the introduction of a vector electric potential that is derived from Poisson's equation, in combination with Faraday's Law and the E, D constitutive relation. In coaxial geometry, the electric vector potential is only azimuthal and, therefore, quasi-scalar. It is conveniently calculated with any two-dimensional Poisson equation solver, and the resultant inductive field distribution easily calculated. We have used the technique in several pulsed power system designs with success. Specific examples of the application of the technique are given. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kiuttu, GF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1506 EP 1508 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000344 ER PT B AU Miracle, DB Senkov, ON AF Miracle, DB Senkov, ON BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Atomic size distribution plots for the structure of amorphous metals SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE amorphous metals; structure; atomic radius distribution plots; bulk metallic glass ID ALLOYS; AL90FEXCE10-X; SCIENCE AB The topology of metallic glasses is illustrated by plotting atomic concentration vs. atomic size for each element in an alloy. Two characteristic shapes of the resulting plots are found. Metallic glasses with marginal glass forming ability (critical cooling rate >1000 K/s), including those based on Al, Fe, Mg, and Co, possess a common profile characterized by a single concave-downward peak. The maximum elemental concentration exists at an intermediate atom radius, and most alloys possess both smaller and larger elements. By contrast, bulk metallic glasses, including those based on Zr, Pd, and several rare earth elements, typically display a single concave upward peak. The largest element is the most abundant, and the smallest element is typically the next most concentrated. Solutes of intermediate sizes typically exist at the lowest concentrations. It is suggested that these two profiles represent different underlying topologies, so that marginal glass forming alloys share a common structural model, which is distinct from the structure. of bulk metallic glasses. A new model, which reproduces the observed topology, is outlined here. This model considers local elastic strains from both interstitial and substitutional atoms in the competing crystalline solid solution phase. The method developed here provides a prescriptive approach for the exploration of new metallic glass alloys. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2893 EP 2896 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600733 ER PT S AU Shen, MHH Nicholas, T AF Shen, MHH Nicholas, T BE Soboyejo, ABO Orisamolu, IR Soboyejo, WO TI Reliability high cycle fatigue design of gas turbine blading system using probabilistic Goodman diagram SO PROBABILISTIC METHODS IN FATIGUE AND FRACTURE SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Probabilistic Methods in Fatigue and Fracture held at the ASME Winter Annual Meeting CY NOV, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP ASME DE fatigue; Goodman diagram; probability theory AB A framework for the probabilistic analysis of high cycle fatigue is developed. The framework will be useful to U.S. Air Force and aeroengine manufacturers in the design of high cycle fatigue in disk or compressor components fabricated from Ti-6A1-4V under a range of loading conditions that might be encountered during service, The main idea of the framework is to characterize vibratory stresses from random input variables due to uncertainties such as crack location, Loading, material properties, and manufacturing variability. The characteristics of such vibratory stresses are portrayed graphically as histograms, or probability density function (PDF). The outcome of the probability measures associated with all the values of a random variable exceeding the material capability is achieved by a failure function g(X) defined by the difference between the vibratory stress and Goodman line or surface such that the probability of HCF failure is P-f=P(g(X<0)), Design can then be based on a go-no go criterion based on an assumed risk, The framework can be used to facilitate the development of design tools for the prediction of inspection schedules and reliability in aeroengine components. Such tools could lead ultimately to improved life extension schemes in aging aircraft, and more reliable methods for the design and inspection of critical components. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-872-9 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2001 VL 200 BP 139 EP 159 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS10N UT WOS:000168666800007 ER PT S AU Jones, KW Turcotte, JS AF Jones, KW Turcotte, JS GP SPIE SPIE TI Finite element model updating using antiresonant frequencies SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB This paper uses antiresonant frequencies in the finite element model updating of an experimental six-meter aluminum truss and analyzes the physical correctness of the updated model by using it to detect damage. Rigid elements are used to simplify the modeling of welded joints, and their dimensions are used as parameters in an iterative update based on eigenvalue and antiresonance sensitivities. An update using both natural frequencies and antiresonant frequencies is shown to produce a 46% better correlation to experimental frequency response functions (FRFs) than an update that uses only natural frequencies. The antiresonant updated model is used to predict FRFs for the truss in 112 damaged configurations. Pattern classification and curve-fit algorithms for damage detection are tested. The curve-fit method correctly identified damage 92.6% of the time compared to 76.1% for the pattern classifier. The high quality of the model is attributed to the use of rigid elements that are updated using antiresonant frequencies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1550 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 341 EP 347 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300054 ER PT B AU Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F AF Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F GP IPAP IPAP TI Recent advances in type-II superlattice photodiodes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SEMICONDUCTORS AND RELATED SMALL ENERGY PHENOMENA, PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE IPAP CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors and Related Small Energy Phenomena, Physics and Applications (NGS10) CY MAY 27-31, 2001 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN SP Kanazawa City, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Izumi Sci & Technol Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol DE type II superlattice; InAs/InGaSb; infrared detector; photodiode; absorption spectra ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; INFRARED DETECTORS; SECULAR EQUATION AB Tunable infrared detector materials with high sensitivity, multi-spectral capability, and excellent uniformity are required for numerous long and very long wavelength infrared imaging applications. One materials system has shown great theoretical and emerging experimental promise for these applications: InAs/InxGa1-xSb type-II superlattices. In recent years, excellent results have been obtained on photoconductive and photodiode samples designed for infrared detection beyond 10 microns. There are many possible designs for these superlattices to produce the same narrow band gap by adjusting individual layer thickness, indium content or substrate orientation. We have been exploring different narrow band gap designs (E-g < 100 meV), with and without indium. in the antimonide layer. Theoretical modeling of the infrared absorption spectra for different designs is compared with photoresponse spectra. These comparisons provide insight into the underlying physics of the absorption processes of the superlattices. Results for superlattices with band gaps as narrow as 50 meV are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, 3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4 CHOME, TOKYO, 105-0004, JAPAN BN 4-900526-14-2 J9 IPAP CONFERENCE SER PY 2001 VL 2 BP 148 EP 150 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV19N UT WOS:000178110700044 ER PT B AU Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Liu, HC Shen, A Wasilewski, ZR Ehret, J Hegde, SM AF Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Liu, HC Shen, A Wasilewski, ZR Ehret, J Hegde, SM GP IPAP IPAP TI Progress in the development of GaAs/AlGaAs p-type multiple-quantum wells for infrared detection at normal incidence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SEMICONDUCTORS AND RELATED SMALL ENERGY PHENOMENA, PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE IPAP CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors and Related Small Energy Phenomena, Physics and Applications (NGS10) CY MAY 27-31, 2001 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN SP Kanazawa City, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Izumi Sci & Technol Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol DE infrared detector; QWIP; band-gap engineering; GaAs/AlGaAs; p-type ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; PHOTORESPONSE MEASUREMENT; GENERAL EXPRESSION; PHOTODETECTORS; ABSORPTION; BAND AB Molecular beam epitaxy makes possible mass production of low cost, high performance, large size, high uniformity, two-dimensional, multi-color, high frequency bandwidth imaging quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) arrays. P-type GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs have emerged as an attractive alternative to the n-type QWIPs, without the complication of grating couplers. We optimize the performance of p-type GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs through modeling, growth, and characterization. P-QWIP response was optimized with respect to well width, alloy concentration, acceptor concentration, and barrier width variations. The temperature dependence of photoresponse and the effect of doping concentration on PL peak positions were studied. There is good agreement between experiment and theory with respect to the long-wavelength threshold, shape, and polarization and temperature dependence of the photoresponse spectra. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4 CHOME, TOKYO, 105-0004, JAPAN BN 4-900526-14-2 J9 IPAP CONFERENCE SER PY 2001 VL 2 BP 216 EP 218 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV19N UT WOS:000178110700065 ER PT B AU Sharma, AK Zaidi, SH Liecthy, G Brueck, SRJ AF Sharma, AK Zaidi, SH Liecthy, G Brueck, SRJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Enhanced optical and electrical characteristics of Si detectors integrated with periodic 1-D and 2-D semiconductor nanoscale structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 1ST IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO 2001) CY OCT 28-30, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; PHOTODETECTORS AB Nanostructuring the active region of metal-silicon-metal (MSM) photodetectors; (PDs) with sub-wavelength periodic 1-D and 2-D nanoscale grating structures significantly modifies the optical absorption, reflectance and transmission properties of silicon. These modifications dramatically impact the electrical characteristics of the MSM PDs. The surface reflection is reduced from similar to33% (planar Si) to similar to4% (nanostructured Si) for triangular shaped nanostructures. The internal quantum efficiency of the MSM PDs increased from similar to63% (planar) to similar to80% (nanostructured) at lambda=700nm. Also a faster time constant (similar to1700ps for planar MSM PD to similar to600ps for nanostructured MSM PD was achieved by enhancing the optical absorption near the surface where the carriers are efficiently and rapidly collected. C1 USAF, VSSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sharma, AK (reprint author), USAF, VSSE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7215-8 PY 2001 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1109/NANO.2001.966450 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BT59Y UT WOS:000173446400069 ER PT S AU Chandler, PR Pachter, M Rasmussen, S AF Chandler, PR Pachter, M Rasmussen, S GP AACC AACC AACC TI UAV cooperative control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB This paper addresses the development of cooperative rendezvous and cooperative target classification agents in a hierarchical distributed control system for unmanned aerospace vehicles. For cooperative rendezvous, a Voronoi based polygonal path is generated to minimize exposure to radar. The rendezvous agent minimizes team exposure from individual coordination functions while satisfying stringent timing constraints. For cooperative target classification, templates are developed, optimal trajectories axe followed, and adjacent vehicles are assigned to view at complementary aspect angles. Views are statistically combined to maximize the probability of correct target classification over various aspect angles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Flight Control Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chandler, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Flight Control Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 19 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300009 ER PT S AU Repperger, DW Phillips, CA Neidhard, A AF Repperger, DW Phillips, CA Neidhard, A GP AACC AACC AACC TI A study on stochastic resonance involving the Hodgkin-Huxley equations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB An investigation is conducted on stochastic resonance with the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) equations involving key variables in simplified nonlinear firing dynamics of human cortical sensory neurons The neuron membrane potential, depicted by a characteristic continuous bursting phenomenon, is first demonstrated within a deterministic framework. With the addition of a noise input, certain throughput dependent measures are then explored both theoretically as well as with a MATLAB simulation. This methodology has applicability in understanding how best to design command inputs into certain systems to optimize specified throughput characteristics of their response. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300041 ER PT S AU Cloutier, JR Cockburn, JC AF Cloutier, JR Cockburn, JC GP AACC AACC AACC TI The state-dependent nonlinear regulator with state constraints SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC ID REFERENCE GOVERNORS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS AB In this paper an extension of the state-dependent Riccati equations method to regulation of systems with state constraints is considered. First, a sufficient condition is introduced to characterize state constraints and it is shown how to design state-dependent regulators to satisfy this conditions. Then the more general nonlinear regulation problem with state constraints is solved using the state-dependent Riccati equation approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd Ste 339, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM cloutierj@eglin.af.mil; cockburn@eng.fsu.edu NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 390 EP 395 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300069 ER PT S AU Mitchell, JW Richardson, DL AF Mitchell, JW Richardson, DL GP AACC AACC AACC TI On the in-plane control of spacecraft relative motion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB An approach to provide in-plane control for the first-order nonlinear Hill's equations describing relative motion of two satellites about a spherical Earth using Baumgarte stabilization is presented. The first-order nonlinear Hill's equations are stabilized with a modified Baumgarte technique using the system's Hamiltonian. This approach provides a significant reduction in the along-track drift with the nonlinear Hill's equations as compared to the linearized equations of motion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory Optimizat Branch, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory Optimizat Branch, VACA, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jason.Mitchell@va.afrl.af.mil; David.Richardson@uc.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 730 EP 731 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300125 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Hebert, J AF Pachter, M Hebert, J GP AACC AACC AACC TI Optimal aircraft trajectories for radar exposure minimization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB An aircraft exposed to illumination by a tracking radar is considered and the problem of determining an optimal planar trajectory connecting two prespecified points is addressed. An analytic solution yielding the trajectory that minimizes the radar energy reflected from the target is derived using the Calculus of Variations. The solution is shown to exist only if the angle Of, formed by the lines connecting the radar to the two prespecified trajectory end points, is less than 60degrees. In addition, expressions are given for the path length and optimal cost. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 P St,BLDG 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 2365 EP 2369 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300419 ER PT S AU Mears, MJ Polycarpou, MM AF Mears, MJ Polycarpou, MM GP AACC AACC AACC TI Stable, controllable neural control of affine uncertain systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB This paper describes an approach to using neural networks as part of a control architecture that allows tracking performance to improve as the network assimilates the dynamic characteristics of the plant. Stability is guaranteed by using Lyapunov analysis and controllability is insured as the network learns. The results are shown for a scalar, affine plant where uncertainties exist in the functions representing the dynamics of the plant. C1 Wright Patterson AFB, AFRL, VACA, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mears, MJ (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, AFRL, VACA, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 3543 EP 3544 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300631 ER PT S AU Ngo, AD Doman, DB AF Ngo, AD Doman, DB GP AACC AACC AACC TI Techniques to improve the regressor matrix condition for real-time parameter identification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB In this paper, on-line parameter identification algorithms that consider the collinearity of the system measurements axe presented. Using null-space injection and regularized linear regression with stochastic constraints, the proposed methods improve the estimates of the system parameters. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ngo, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VACA, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 3690 EP 3691 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300657 ER PT S AU Berger, SD AF Berger, SD GP IEEE IEEE TI The spectrum of a digital radio frequency memory linear range gate stealer electronic attack signal SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB In this paper, we examine the spectrum of a digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) linear rate gate stealer (RGS) electronic attack (EA) signal. The spectrum has two noticeable characteristics. The first is a small, yet measurable, center frequency shift from the input center frequency. The second is the presence of harmonics (spectral lines) of significant magnitude centered on either side of the shifted center frequency. The primary source of these spectral characteristics is the discrete nature of the DRFM. We develop expressions to predicted the center frequency shift and the locations of the harmonics as function of the radar and DRFM parameters. These spectral characteristics should be of interest to radar and EA engineers since they could potentially effect system performance. Signal intelligence analysts should also find these spectral characteristics of interest since they provide additional clues for assessing EA systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ARRK, VSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Berger, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ARRK, VSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922946 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200006 ER PT S AU Bonneau, RJ AF Bonneau, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI A spectral approach to image-enhanced moving target radar detection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB A difficult problem with ground moving target radar (GMTI) detection is how to consistently track targets moving through non-homogeneous regions of clutter such as forest and urban boundaries. Although attempts have been made to mitigate this detection problem using terrain mapping data, such data does not give current clutter information due to change in vegetation, roads, buildings, and seasonal variation. We propose to use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to enhance the detection performance of GMTI radar. We will use a multiresolution Markov model to represent both target and background clutter. This multiresolution structure will allow us to accurately match GMTI clutter with the geographically registered SAR imagery for consistent moving target detection through clutter boundary areas. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Bonneau, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922947 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200007 ER PT S AU Antonik, P Bonneau, R Brown, R Ertan, S Vannicola, V Weiner, D Wicks, M AF Antonik, P Bonneau, R Brown, R Ertan, S Vannicola, V Weiner, D Wicks, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Bistatic radar denial/embedded communications via waveform diversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Use of an interferometer along with a host radar is proposed for simultaneously achieving coherent reference denial and embedded communications. To prevent self jamming, spatial orthogonality is achieved between the interferometer antenna pattern and main beam of the host radar. Costas and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals are suggested for the host radar and interferometer, respectively. Effectiveness of the interferometer masking signal on a non-cooperative bistatic radar is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Antonik, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RI Gurbuz, Sevgi /I-6578-2016 OI Gurbuz, Sevgi /0000-0001-7487-9087 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 41 EP 45 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922949 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200009 ER PT S AU Hale, TB Temple, MA Crossley, BL AF Hale, TB Temple, MA Crossley, BL GP IEEE IEEE TI Ambiguity analysis for pulse compression radar using gold code sequences SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper presents analytic, simulation, and measured results of using Gold sequences for radar pulse compression coding. Gold coded waveform performance is characterized using the ambiguity function diagram, synonymous with matched filtering performance. Results indicate Gold coded waveforms offer significant improvement in radar clutter suppression, resolution, and unambiguous range properties. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hale, TB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922961 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200021 ER PT S AU Anderson, JM Temple, MA Brown, WM Crossley, BL AF Anderson, JM Temple, MA Brown, WM Crossley, BL GP IEEE IEEE TI A nonlinear suppression technique for range ambiguity resolution in pulse Doppler radars SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper reintroduces a novel range ambiguity resolution technique, invented by Carmen Palermo and first reported in 1962, called nonlinear suppression. A set of M unique modulations is selected which have desirable (mutually dispersive) cross-correlation properties. The transmitted pulse train is constructed by successively modulating each pulse with one of the M modulations. The received data are processed in M independent receiver channels with each channel corresponding to a single modulation. Ideally, the channels are designed such that the output response is only dependent upon one of the modulations (versus all M). This is accomplished to a useful extent with Palermo's technique by progressively removing unwanted contributions on a range cell by range cell basis. By passing the received data through an appropriate memoryless nonlinearity, the process preferentially removes energy from data responsive to each of the other M-1 codes. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200027 ER PT S AU Bonneau, RJ Wicks, MC AF Bonneau, RJ Wicks, MC GP IEEE IEEE TI A numerical waveform design approach to decorrelate target and noise SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Traditional radar detection relies on predefined models for assessment of probability of defection and probability of false alarm. These models assume a target uncorrelated with clutter or of her sources of interference. This assumption concerning decorrelation between the target and interference is not strictly true. We propose an iterative approach to design "optimal" waveforms that maximally decorrelate target and clutter returns while still keeping target signal-to-interference plus noise ratios (SINR) levels maximized. C1 AF Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Bonneau, RJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 448 EP 450 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.923021 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200081 ER PT B AU Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD GP IEEE IEEE TI Auditory localization of nearby sources in a virtual audio display SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE WORKSHOP ON THE APPLICATIONS OF SIGNAL PROCESSING TO AUDIO AND ACOUSTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics CY OCT 21-24, 2001 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Although many researchers have shown that head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) can be used to produce realistic headphone simulations of relatively distant sounds, little is known about the use of HRTFs to simulate sound sources near the listener's head. In this experiment, HRTFs measured for nearby source locations with a KEMAR manikin were used to simulate sound sources at five different distances (12, 19, 25, 50 or 100 cm) and 13 different azimuth positions in the horizontal plane. Listeners localized the virtual sounds by placing an electromagnetic position sensor at the apparent location of each stimulus. The results show that listeners are able to extract distance and direction information from nearby virtual sounds generated with non-individualized HRTFs, but suggest that they are not able to localize these virtual sounds as well as they can localize nearby sound sources in the free field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECB, 2610 Seventh St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7126-7 PY 2001 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1109/ASPAA.2001.969554 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BT40G UT WOS:000172901300027 ER PT B AU Ericson, MA AF Ericson, MA GP IEEE IEEE TI The relative salience of auditory motion cues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE WORKSHOP ON THE APPLICATIONS OF SIGNAL PROCESSING TO AUDIO AND ACOUSTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics CY OCT 21-24, 2001 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The relative salience of auditory motion cues was measured in a series of four experiments. In the first three experiments, all combinations of three different auditory motion cues (intensity changes, Doppler frequency shifts and interaural time delays) were presented at various source trajectories, parallel to the listener's frontal plane. In the first experiment, the velocity of the source was varied from 7.5 to 100 miles per hour and the point of closest passing was varied from 1 to 100 meters. In the second experiment, the angular position of the source always moved from minus 30 degrees to plus 30 degrees and the minimal distance of the path was varied. In the third experiment, the simulated velocity was fixed at 33 miles per hour for all stimuli. The results of these experiments show that monaural acoustic cues of intensity and Doppler frequency changes had the greatest effect on the listeners' judgments of perceived velocity. The binaural cue of interaural time delays had little effect on the velocity judgments. The results also show that the distance traveled by the source was found to be a more salient velocity cue than actual sound source velocity. A fourth experiment was conducted to measure speed estimates of actual moving automotive sounds via dummy-head recordings. Actual sounds were estimated to travel at greater velocities than were simulated sounds, especially when the sounds were far away from the listener. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ericson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2610 7th St,Bldg 441, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7126-7 PY 2001 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1109/ASPAA.2001.969555 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BT40G UT WOS:000172901300028 ER PT S AU Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA AF Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI High range resolution radar signal classification - A partitioned rough set approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV AB In Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems there are advantages to developing classifiers based on a portion of the signal. A partitioning technique is introduced in this paper that allows Rough Set Theory to be applied to real-world size problems. Rough Set Theory (RST) is an emerging concept for determining features and then classifiers from a training data set. RST guarantees that once the data has been labeled all possible classifiers (based on that labeling) will be generated. There will be multiple classifiers for each signal partition and multiple partitions for each signal. Classifiers based on a single reduct (classifier) or one partition do not perform well enough to be useful. We fuse all the reducts from all the partitions into one classifier. This fusion of partitioned reducts yields a synergistic result that produces a classifier with a high probability of declaration and good probability of correct classification. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2001 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918484 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400005 ER PT S AU Van Cleave, DW Rattan, KS AF Van Cleave, DW Rattan, KS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Tuning of proportional plus derivative fuzzy logic controller using neural network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV AB The transformation of expert's knowledge to control rules in a fuzzy logic controller has not been formalized and arbitrary choices concerning, for example, the shape of membership functions have to be made. The quality of a fuzzy controller can be drastically affected by the choice of membership functions. Thus, methods for tuning fuzzy logic controllers are needed, In this paper, neural networks and fuzzy logic are combined to solve the problem of tuning fuzzy logic controllers. The neuro-fuzzy controller uses the neural network learning techniques to tune the membership functions while keeping the semantics of the fuzzy logic controller intact. Both the architecture and the tuning algorithm are presented for a general neuro-fuzzy controller From this, a procedure to tune a proportional plus derivative fuzzy controller is obtained. The algorithm for off-line tuning of the fuzzy controller is demonstrated with a numerical example. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Cleave, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2001 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918547 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400068 ER PT S AU Lucia, DJ Pacter, M Beran, PS AF Lucia, DJ Pacter, M Beran, PS GP IEEE IEEE TI Rocket nozzle flow control using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB This paper investigates the use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-based reduced order Computational Fluid Dynamics models for model-based controller design. An open-loop optimal control problem is posed and solved concerning the regulation of a rocket engine thrust profile. The control synthesis uses a numerical flow field solver as the plant model. Controllers are synthesized using a reduced order model of the flow field generated via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. A quasi one-dimensional supersonic convergent-divergent nozzle with varying back pressure is used as a model problem. Treating the nozzle flow as one-dimensional, the reduced order model was used to synthesize a controller that controls thrust along an ascent trajectory by varying nozzle throat area and fuel mass flow rate. The effects of reduced order model accuracy on controller performance are quantified. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucia, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-7061-9 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2001 BP 4509 EP 4510 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BV26B UT WOS:000178362200828 ER PT B AU Foshee, J Tahim, RS Chang, K AF Foshee, J Tahim, RS Chang, K BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI Networking highly mobile users using several multi-band phased array antennas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ AB The need to network several mobile terminals to exchange high value information brings together a range of technologies. This paper describes a multi-band, multi-functional phased array antenna design that is well suited for networking of several phased antennas on an airborne platform to accomplish wide coverage and for reliable transfer of high value data among the users. The phased array antenna design operates from 8-40 GHz, without switching or reconfiguration. A number of phased array antenna networking options are described each of which provides an efficient approach in accomplishing a system implementation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Foshee, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700094 ER PT B AU Zydallis, JB Lamont, GB AF Zydallis, JB Lamont, GB BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI Solving of discrete multiobjective problems using an evolutionary algorithm with a repair mechanism SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ AB The solving of Real-World Multiobjective problems (MOPs) with an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) is an increasing area of interest Presented in this paper is the application of a building block based EA to a real-world discrete MOP. A constraint handling method had to be designed and employed. The description of this method and the repair mechanism instrumented to repair infeasible solutions is described in detail along with statistical analysis. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zydallis, JB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 470 EP 473 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700108 ER PT B AU Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS AF Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI Design approach for bio-medical smart sensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ DE bio-medical; smart sensors; cognitive system; electronic noise; mixed-signal design; MEMs; System-on-Chip AB System-on-Chip solid state circuits that sense, receive, transmit, and process signals are the sensors, or eyes and ears, of the medical field of the millennium. The goal and design of the System-on-Chip (SOC) program for industry will be to provide affordable, reproducible, and reliable front-end instrumentation, components and subsystems for medical systems. To process/store/analyze the signals acquired from these medical sensors, analog/digital systems are used to provide data fusion and information extraction. These bio-medical smart sensors covers the hybrid domains of mixed-technology (electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, biochemical) and mixed-concept (electrical, control, digital signal processing). These significant domain design differences impose robust design challenges for medical sensor technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700109 ER PT B AU Kadrovach, BA Lamont, GB AF Kadrovach, BA Lamont, GB BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI Design and analysis of swarm-based sensor systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ AB Miniaturization of electronics and mechanical elements has resulted in an explosion of small, computationally powerful sensor devices. These devices-mounted on multiple mobile platforms-provide information gathering methods in a wide range of environments. Current sensor networks that produce large amounts of information lack an efficient method for returning data to the user. The purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate through simulation a cooperative communications and processing system. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kadrovach, BA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700112 ER PT B AU Brower, RW Stevens, KS AF Brower, RW Stevens, KS BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI Congruent weak conformance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ DE formal methods; process algebras; congruence; conformance; hardware equivalence ID SEMANTICS AB Congruent weak conformance is a property between formal models capturing the desired relationship between a specification and its implementation by allowing unused and redundant circuitry and tolerating unspecified behavior in the unreachable state space. By providing greater flexibility in design than previous properties, it becomes a useful tool to validate transformational systems, such as logic synthesis and hardware description language translation systems. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brower, RW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 666 EP 669 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700149 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Berlin, J Heinrichs, S Heinrichs, K AF Repperger, DW Berlin, J Heinrichs, S Heinrichs, K BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI A wireless NMMS application with dynamic data and strap support system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ AB A wireless MEMS force/pressure/temperature sensor was utilized in the collection of data from a study involving a strap support system to be used in conjunction with human subjects. Both static and dynamic data were collected to demonstrate the efficacy of the sensor described herein. The wireless property and ability to place the sensor at arbitrary points provides great utility for the application of such a MEMS apparatus. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 718 EP 721 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700161 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Soni, SR Reynolds, DB AF Repperger, DW Soni, SR Reynolds, DB BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI Wireless XMMS tested within the context of a transparent sensor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ AB The attributes of being both noninvasive and wireless provide great advantage of a MEMS pressure measurement device described herein. By inserting a MEMS contrivance inside a composite material, the assemblage is sheltered from the surroundings yet able to operate in harsh environments, such as in outer space. Data are presented on testing of such a system in a three point bending test to failure and comparing the MEMS reading to external and standard strain gage measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 730 EP 733 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700164 ER PT B AU Kehias, L Calcatera, M Jenkins, T Quach, T Watson, P Welch, R Worley, R Oki, AY Gutierrez-Aitken, A Okamura, W Kaneshiro, E Sawdai, D AF Kehias, L Calcatera, M Jenkins, T Quach, T Watson, P Welch, R Worley, R Oki, AY Gutierrez-Aitken, A Okamura, W Kaneshiro, E Sawdai, D BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor linear-efficient power amplifiers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ ID HBT AB Excellent linear efficiency has been demonstrated with InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DRBTs) being developed for military and commercial applications under an Air Force Dual-Use Science and Technology (AF DUS&T) program. The 1.95 GHz to 28 GHz operating frequencies address applications from commercial wireless communication up through Local Multipoint Distribution Services systems. Excellent carrier to third-order intermodulation (C/IM3) ratios have also been measured simultaneously with high power-added efficiency (PAE) on InP DHBT circuits. This linear-efficient performance Is due, in part, to the InP DHBT's improved breakdown voltage, improved cut-off frequency and the reduced offset voltage resulting from the double heterojunction and InP collector. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNDM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kehias, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNDM, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle C2G69, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 781 EP 784 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700175 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Russell, CA AF Repperger, DW Russell, CA BE Ewing, RL Carter, HW Purdy, CN TI A system to improve the quality of information gained from multiple data sources SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 44TH IEEE 2001 MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2001) CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Dayton Chapter, USAF Res Lab, USAF Inst Technol, Wright State Univ AB A system is described which provides a means for improving the quality of information derived in a decision making process by weighing certain multiple and alternative information channels. The method is applied to data estimating the cognitive workload state of a human operator dealing with a complex task using noninvasive sources of physiological data as a basis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7150-X PY 2001 BP 943 EP 946 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU43D UT WOS:000175971700214 ER PT S AU Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP Hall, T Tautz, M Holeman, E AF Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP Hall, T Tautz, M Holeman, E BE Harris, RA TI Af-GEOSpace: An update SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SPACECRAFT CHARGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: 2001: A SPACECRAFT CHARGING ODYSSEY SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR 23-27, 2001 CL EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SP AFRL, CNES, DERK, NASA HO EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY ID ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; AURORAL ION; SOLAR-WIND AB The AF-GEOSpace space environment software program was constructed to aid with the design, operation, and simulation of a wide variety of communications, navigation, and surveillance systems. This user-friendly graphics intensive program provides common input data sets, application modules, and graphical visualization tools to all of its models. A wide range of physical domains is addressed including solar disturbance propagation, radiation belt configuration, ionospheric auroral particle precipitation and scintillation. This paper describes upgrades AFRL has made to the SGI/UNIX version of AF-GEOSpace (Fall 1999 release, see http://www-vsbs.plh.af.mil). First, we created an "open" version of AF-GEOSpace and ported it to NT and LINUX platforms. Second, we enabled the execution of dynamic time-dependent simulation models such as the Rice University Magnetospheric Specification Model and the running of static models in dynamic mode, i.e., using time dependent input parameters to generate a time series of environment specifications. Finally, we have simplified the graphical user interface, improved science and application modules, and significantly enhanced graphical performance. The public release of this more portable version of AF-GEOSpace is scheduled for 2001. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBXR, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hilmer, RV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBXR, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-745-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 476 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BU07A UT WOS:000174908200034 ER PT S AU Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP Cooke, DL Katz, I AF Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP Cooke, DL Katz, I BE Harris, RA TI Space weather forecasting: Under the hood of the Magnetospheric Specification Model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SPACECRAFT CHARGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: 2001: A SPACECRAFT CHARGING ODYSSEY SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR 23-27, 2001 CL EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SP AFRL, CNES, DERK, NASA HO EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY AB The Rice University Magnetospheric Specification Model (MSM) is a space environment model of the inner and middle magnetosphere addressing electron and ion populations relevant to surface charging. The model is driven by geomagnetic indices and geophysical parameters such as the solar wind. With upstream measurements of solar wind conditions present, the successful merging of MSM particle specifications with surface charging algorithms could present the possibility of predicting charging conditions on a spacecraft. Initial comparisons of on-orbit spacecraft frame charging measurements with results obtained by applying a charging algorithm driven by MSM output to a minimum spacecraft description were promising.(1) The method successfully specified the occurrence of the two largest of three spacecraft charging events studied. The goal of this paper is to further explore the efficacy of incorporating the "space weather" simulations of the MSM into a true spacecraft-charging tool. An overview of relevant MSM simulation procedures and recent validation results is given followed by a review of updated MSM/charging algorithm simulations performed using a variety of input parameter combinations. A consistent MSM feature, beneficial to any future spacecraft charging applications, is its ability to balance an ion population with electrons and their evolving spectral features to produce spacecraft charging current densities in the geosynchronous environment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXR, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hilmer, RV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXR, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-745-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 476 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BU07A UT WOS:000174908200037 ER PT S AU Lai, ST Cooke, D Dichter, B Ray, K Smith, A Holeman, E AF Lai, ST Cooke, D Dichter, B Ray, K Smith, A Holeman, E BE Harris, RA TI Bootstrap charging on the DSCS satellite SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SPACECRAFT CHARGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: 2001: A SPACECRAFT CHARGING ODYSSEY SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR 23-27, 2001 CL EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SP AFRL, CNES, DERK, NASA HO EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY ID SPACECRAFT AB Charging of surfaces surrounded by larger surfaces on spacecraft requires special treatment. The usual Mott-Langmuir current collection formula does not apply because of the lack of spherical symmetry. It is insufficient to consider the interaction between each surface and the ambient plasma. It is necessary to include the interaction between surfaces. In the bootstrap mechanism, if the surrounding surfaces are at higher negative potentials than that of the surrounded small surface, a local potential well forms above the small surface. The potential well prevents the secondary electrons from leaving the small surface. On the other hand, the secondary electrons from the surrounding surfaces can land on the smaller surface. As a result, the small surface's potential swings negative, approaching an equilibrium potential which equals that of the surrounding surfaces. The time scale of the approach depends on the relative capacitances of the interacting surfaces. The simultaneous measurements of the potentials of two small surfaces and the spacecraft ground surface on DSCS offer an excellent opportunity for studying spacecraft surface interactions in space plasmas. In this paper, we report on the first observation of bootstrap charging in space. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-745-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 476 BP 345 EP 349 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BU07A UT WOS:000174908200056 ER PT S AU Stein, C AF Stein, C BE Harris, RA TI Hypervelocity debris initiated spacecraft discharging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SPACECRAFT CHARGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: 2001: A SPACECRAFT CHARGING ODYSSEY SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR 23-27, 2001 CL EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SP AFRL, CNES, DERK, NASA HO EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Stein, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 2050 Chanute St, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-745-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 476 BP 441 EP 446 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BU07A UT WOS:000174908200072 ER PT S AU Lai, ST AF Lai, ST BE Harris, RA TI Some space hazards of surface charging and bulk charging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SPACECRAFT CHARGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: 2001: A SPACECRAFT CHARGING ODYSSEY SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR 23-27, 2001 CL EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SP AFRL, CNES, DERK, NASA HO EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY AB Surface charging and deep dielectric charging are hazardous to the electronics onboard spacecraft. Surface charging in concert with deep dielectric charging have not been discussed before. Hypervelocity impact can also play a role together with the charging mechanisms. Using a fictitious spacecraft failure scenario, we discuss various space hazards. Even low level current flow between differentially charged surfaces may cause current leakage and degradation of power systems. Townsend's criterion is a necessary condition for an avalanche ionization discharge to occur. To be sufficient, one needs to include the loss mechanisms such as electron escape, excitation, recombination, etc. In deep dielectric charging, the high electric field built up inside the dielectrics may cause breakdown. The high charge density deposited inside may also cause a sudden change of conductivity. There exists a critical charge density at which the Mott (insulator to conductor) transition occurs. It has been overlooked heretofore that the combination of high electric fields and high charge density can lower the threshold for Mott transition. We then discuss a combination of deep dielectric charging followed by surface charging. During high energy (MeV and higher) electron radiation on dielectric surfaces, electrons are deposited deep inside and an electric field is built up. Afterwards, low energy high density plasma ions are attracted to and deposited on the surface, thus building up a double layer inside the dielectric. An "anodized discharge" may follow. This mechanism is more hazardous to spacecraft after, but not during, a high energy radiation episode. Finally, hypervelocity impacts by meteorites and debris, with or without deep dielectric charging, are hazardous. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-745-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 476 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BU07A UT WOS:000174908200081 ER PT B AU Bonneau, RJ AF Bonneau, RJ BE Hamza, MH Beaulieu, NC TI A spread spectrum wavelet-based psuedo-Random noise frequency partitioning scheme SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IASTED International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Int Assoc Sci & Techn Dev DE wavelet; Markov; spread spectrum; pseudo-random AB Traditional spread spectrum communication relies on generating a pseudo-random noise sequences to 'spread' the outgoing signal over a wide frequency range to optimize bandwidth and SNR signal performance. Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing or ODFM has been proposed to partition a wide bandwidth spread spectrum signal into individual frequency bands in order to improve the signal quality of the overall psuedo-random sequence at the receiver [1]. We take this concept a step further by composing the frequency spreading code from a wavelet frequency band sequence.[5] This sequence is constructed such that each spreading code is built upon successive bands that subdivide the space of frequencies according to the bandwidth of total code and the optimal signal to mitigate noise and interference. C1 USAF, RL, SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bonneau, RJ (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNRT, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RI Beaulieu, Norman/A-9418-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-287-7 PY 2001 BP 79 EP 81 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAB36 UT WOS:000221458900015 ER PT S AU Drummond, JD Milster, S Grime, BW Barnaby, D Gardner, CS Liu, AZ Chu, XZ Kelley, MC Kruschwitz, C Kane, TJ AF Drummond, JD Milster, S Grime, BW Barnaby, D Gardner, CS Liu, AZ Chu, XZ Kelley, MC Kruschwitz, C Kane, TJ BE Warmbein, B TI Persistent Leonid meteor trails: Types I and II SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS DE Leonids; meteors; meteor trails ID SHOWER; LIDAR AB A campaign to study the trails left behind by bright Leonid meteors was conducted in November 1998 and 1999. These mysterious lingering trails have been observed for up to an hour. Such persistence allowed a visual observer at the Starfire Optical Range on Kirtland Air Force Base, near Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, to direct a sodium resonance laser. a CCD camera. and an intensifed video camera to the trail within two minutes of the. meteor's appearance. Subsequent study of this data has identified two kinds of trails, Type I and II, although both may be found in a single trail. Type I trails appear turbid, wider (I km). and optically thicker than Type II trails, and show very high diffusion rates of 800 m(2)s(-1). Type, II trails are thin (100-200 m), smooth in appearance, and exhibit low diffusion rates of 2.5 m(2)s(-1). Type I trails also have higher line emission rates, and Type II trails often appear parallel. This latter phenomenon is still unexplained. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Drummond, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; OI Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200037 ER PT S AU Murad, E AF Murad, E BE Warmbein, B TI Physics and chemistry of meteoroids in the upper atmosphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS DE meteoroids; upper atmosphere; meteors ID ORBITING ARGOS SPACECRAFT; SPADUS INSTRUMENT ABOARD; IMPACT PROBABILITIES; RESIDUAL MASS; COSMIC DUST; ABLATION; METALS; LAYERS; FLIGHT; MODEL AB Meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere are heated by collisions with the atmospheric gases, and at similar to 120 km reach temperatures at which evaporation can begin. For meteoroids < 1000 mum, in diameter heating is uniform and evaporation proceeds according to thermodynamic equilibrium. A summary is presented of the uncertainties that hinder accurate modeling efforts, namely meteoroid composition, velocities, and size distribution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hancom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Murad, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hancom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Ed.Murad@hanscom.af.mil NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200039 ER PT S AU Africano, J Kervin, P Sydney, P Hamada, K Hoo, VS Nishimoto, D Okada, J Lambert, J Stansbery, E Mulrooney, M Jarvis, K AF Africano, J Kervin, P Sydney, P Hamada, K Hoo, VS Nishimoto, D Okada, J Lambert, J Stansbery, E Mulrooney, M Jarvis, K BE SawayaLacoste, H TI AMOS debris observations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SPACE DEBRIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Space Debris CY MAR 19-21, 2001 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP European Space Agcy, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana AB Observations of the orbital debris environment at the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing (AMOS) detachment of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) are entering a new era. Located at the 3000 meter summit of Haleakala on the island of Maui, this site occupies an ideal location for observations of orbital debris. This site, the Maui Space Surveillance System (MSSS), is operated by the AFRL's Directed Energy Directorate. Several systems support debris observations, including the radiometer and spectrograph on the 3.6 meter telescope, the spectrograph on the 1.6 meter telescope, the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) camera on the 1.2 meter telescope, and several Raven-class (small autonomous) telescopes. In addition, a renovated Baker-Nunn telescope will be available for observations in the Summer of 2001. Specific observation programs include a search program using the 1.4 degree field of view NEAT camera, and characterization programs using the multi-channel imaging radiometer on the 3.6 meter telescope, as well as spectrographs on the 1.6 and 3.6 meter telescopes. Observations of debris simultaneously at several wavelengths (visible to near IR, MWIR, LWIR, and VLWIR) allow determination of albedo and size. These observations are collaborations between NASA and AFRL. Results of these observation programs will be discussed, as well as future plans for increasing the capabilities of the site. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Africano, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-733-X J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 473 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BU06Z UT WOS:000174907200017 ER PT B AU Chamillard, AT Joiner, JK AF Chamillard, AT Joiner, JK GP ACM ACM ACM TI Using lab practice to evaluate programming ability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND SIGCSE TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION SE SIGCSE BULLETIN : A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY FEB 21-25, 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Comp Educ DE programming ability; programming evaluation; introductory computer science AB One of the largest challenges facing educators teaching courses with a significant programming component is deciding how to evaluate each student's programming ability. In this paper we discuss how we have addressed this challenge in an introductory computer science course and statistically analyze the results to examine potential inequities in our approach. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chamillard, AT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-329-4 J9 SIGCSE BULL PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1145/364447.364572 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BR96V UT WOS:000168192400033 ER PT J AU Shang, JS AF Shang, JS TI Recent research in magneto-aerodynamics SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; EQUATIONS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; PLASMA; FLOWS AB The resurgence of magneto-aerodynamics research has exposed several uncertainties for this rapidly evolving interdisciplinary endeavor, but has also shown promise to become a new technical frontier. This rejuvenated discipline, aided by modern computational technique and experimental innovation, reveals the potential to provide a new dimension for improving aerospace vehicle performance. Combining technology developments in electromagnetics, aerodynamics, and chemical kinetics may lead to a multidisciplinary breakthrough in aerospace science. Recent theoretical, computational, and experimental research in magneto-aerodynamics is summarized for sustained efforts and synergism. Preliminary computations of magneto-aerodynamics and related scientific issues are discussed. Specifically, several unique features of the shock structure in the presence of an electromagnetic field are demonstrated. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Ctr Excellence Computat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Excellence Computat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 60 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0376-0421(00)00015-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 415YR UT WOS:000167751600001 ER PT J AU Zagidullin, MV Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Khvatov, NA Hager, GD Madden, TJ AF Zagidullin, MV Nikolaev, VD Svistun, MI Khvatov, NA Hager, GD Madden, TJ TI Efficient chemical oxygen-iodine laser with a high total pressure of the active medium SO QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE oxygen-iodine laser; singlet oxygen; supersonic flow; ejector ID CM GAIN LENGTH AB A new concept of obtaining a high total pressure of the active medium of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser (OIL) is proposed and verified. The nozzle unit of the laser consists of the alternating vertical arrays of cylindrical nozzles to produce high-pressure nitrogen jets, plane slotted nozzles for the flow of O(2)((1)Delta) oxygen, and vertical arrays of cylindrical nozzles to inject the N(2) - I(2) mixture between the first two streams. For a molar chlorine flow rate of 39.2 mmol s(-1), the output power was 700 W and the chemical efficiency was 19.7%, The combined use of the ejector nozzle unit proposed to obtain the active medium and a super-sonic diffuser allows a significant simplification of the exhaust active medium system of the OIL. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Samara 443011, Russia. USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zagidullin, MV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara Branch, Novo Sadovaya Ul 221, Samara 443011, Russia. RI Svistun, Mikhael/N-5606-2015; Zagidullin, Marsel/M-8631-2015; Khvatov, Nikolay/G-6730-2016 NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TURPION LTD PI BRISTOL PA C/O TURPION LTD, IOP PUBLISHING, DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1063-7818 J9 QUANTUM ELECTRON+ JI Quantum Electron. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1070/QE2001v031n01ABEH001886 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 439FJ UT WOS:000169099900005 ER PT J AU Jiao, D Jin, JM Shang, JS AF Jiao, D Jin, JM Shang, JS TI Characteristic-based time domain method for antenna analysis SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAXWELL EQUATIONS AB The characteristic-based time domain method, developed in the computational fluid dynamics community for solving the Euler equations, is applied to the antenna radiation problem. Based on the principle of the characteristic-based algorithm, a governing equation in the cylindrical coordinate system is formulated directly to facilitate the analysis of body-of-revolution antennas and also to achieve the exact Riemann problem. A finite difference scheme with second-order accuracy in both time and space is constructed from the eigenvalue and eigenvector analysis of the derived governing equation. Rigorous boundary conditions for all the field components are formulated to improve the accuracy of the characteristic-based finite difference scheme. Numerical results demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed technique. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1029/2000RS002339 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 395MM UT WOS:000166584200001 ER PT J AU Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD AF Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD TI Persistent layers of enhanced C-N(2) in the lower stratosphere from VHF radar observations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INERTIA-GRAVITY-WAVES; MODULATED MOUNTAIN WAVES; CLEAR-AIR TURBULENCE; SANDS-MISSILE-RANGE; WHITE-SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; OPTICAL TURBULENCE; DISSIPATION RATES; REFLECTION ECHOES; MU-RADAR AB Seasonal climatologies of persistent layers of enhanced refractive index structure parameter C-N(2) were developed for the lower stratosphere from VHF radar observations at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, for the period January 1991 to September 1996. Knowledge of the nature of enhanced refractivity layers is of high interest to the atmospheric sciences, propagation, and remote sensing communities. The layers reported have C-N(2) enhanced at least 7 dB above the background continuously for at least 11 hours and migrate vertically no more than one radar range gate (150 m) over 1 hour. The cumulative frequency of the lengths (11-37 hours) of the 259 persistent layers identified shows that 25% of the layers last over 17 hours. Comparisons of profiles of wind speeds, variances of the wind components, vertical shear of the horizontal wind, Doppler spectral width, temperature, Brunt-Vaisala frequency, and Richardon's number for times with and without persistent layers at 17 km show that wind speed at 5.6 km in addition to spectral width, wind shear, and vertical velocity variances at 17 km are stronger during enhanced layer episodes than during nonlayer periods. Possible sources for the persistent layers are suggested, and the shortcomings of each hypothesis are discussed. Several case studies of radiosonde ascents during persistent layers give no obvious indication of the source of these layers. C1 St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Nastrom, GD (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1029/2000RS002318 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 395MM UT WOS:000166584200012 ER PT J AU Carrino, JA Morrison, WB Zou, KH Steffen, RT Snearly, WN Murray, PM AF Carrino, JA Morrison, WB Zou, KH Steffen, RT Snearly, WN Murray, PM TI Lateral ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: Optimization of evaluation with two-dimensional MR imaging SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elbow injuries; elbow, MR; magnetic resonance (MR), arthrography; magnetic resonance (MR), comparative studies; magnetic resonance (MR), pulse sequences ID ARTHROGRAPHY; INSTABILITY; JOINT AB PURPOSE: To compare, in a cadaveric model, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques with differing contrast and spatial resolution properties in the evaluation of disruption of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) at the elbow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LUCL tears were surgically created in eight of 28 cadaveric elbow specimens. All specimens underwent 1.5-T MR imaging with the following pulse sequences: T1-weighted spin echo (SE), intermediate-weighted fast SE, fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast SE, gradient-recalled echo (GRE) with high spatial resolution, intermediate-weighted fast SE with high spatial resolution, and fat-suppressed T1-weighted SE with intraarticular administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (MR arthrography). All images were obtained in the oblique coronal plane. Two radiologists independently graded the LUCL with separate and side-by-side assessment. RESULTS: Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were as follows for readers A and B, respectively: T1-weighted SE imaging, 0.64 and 0.62; intermediate-weighted fast SE imaging, 0.87 and 0.67; T2-weighted fast SE imaging, 0.68 and 0.69; GRE imaging, 0.56 and 0.68; MR arthrography, 0.84 and 0.85; and intermediate-weighted imaging with high spatial resolution, 0.92 and 0.88. Inter-observer reliability was poor with T1-weighted SE imaging (kappa = 0.13) and CRE imaging (kappa = 0.18), fair with T2-weighted fast SE imaging (kappa = 0.36), and moderate with MR arthrography (kappa = 0.46), intermediate-weighted fast SE imaging (kappa = 0.55), and intermediate-weighted imaging with high spatial resolution (kappa =0.59). CONCLUSION: Intermediate-weighted imaging with high spatial resolution and MR arthrography showed the greatest overall ability to enable the diagnosis of LUCL tears. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. TMC Adv Imaging, Glendale, AZ USA. Univ Kentucky, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Carrino, JA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 11 S 11th St,Suite 3390, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD JAN PY 2001 VL 218 IS 1 BP 118 EP 125 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 412TW UT WOS:000167571300021 PM 11152789 ER PT B AU Alexander, MD Specker, CE Dudis, DS AF Alexander, MD Specker, CE Dudis, DS BE Peters, DG Schafer, HJ Workentin, MS Yoshida, J TI Designing air and water stable n-dopable model compounds and polymers II SO REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES IN ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Reactive Intermediates in Organic and Biological Electrochemistry CY MAR 26, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, Organ & Biol Electrochem Div AB Semi-conducting and conducting organic compounds and polymers with high carrier mobility are essential to fully realize flexible solar cells, flexible light emitting displays and related microelectronic devices. In addition to the current commercially available p-type polymers, air and water stable n-type polymers and compounds are desired. While significant progress has been made in improving environmental stability of n-dopable organic compounds and polymers, additional molecular engineering is needed. Here we utilize semi-empirical quantum chemical methods to calculate the relative reduction and re-oxidation stability of several derivatized heterocyclic compounds with extended fused ring structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Core Technol Area, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alexander, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Core Technol Area, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 P St AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-320-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 14 BP 164 EP 167 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17Y UT WOS:000181082700042 ER PT S AU Radick, RR AF Radick, RR BE Brekke, P Fleck, B Gurman, JB TI Stellar irradiance variations SO RECENT INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYSICS OF THE SUN AND HELIOSPHERE: HIGHLIGHTS FROM SOHO AND OTHER SPACE MISSIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID SUN-LIKE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC VARIATIONS; VARIABILITY AB The variability of several dozen stars similar to the Sun in mass, age, and average activity has been monitored regularly in chromo-spheric Ca II HK emission for over three decades, and photometrically for over fifteen years. Larger samples have been observed less comprehensively. Analogous solar time series exist. A comparison of solar variability with its stellar analogs indicates that the Sun's current behavior is not unusual among sunlike stars. Both solar models and stellar measurements suggest that a true luminosity variation underlies the cyclic total irradiance changes observed on the Sun. C1 USAF, Natl Solar Observ, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Radick, RR (reprint author), USAF, Natl Solar Observ, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-069-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 203 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU43X UT WOS:000175997400010 ER PT S AU Tringe, J Wilson, W Houston, J AF Tringe, J Wilson, W Houston, J BE Ramesham, R TI Conduction properties of microscopic gold contact surfaces SO RELIABILITY, TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE DE contact; MEMS; relay; switch; Au; gold; IFM; microcontact; microrelay; reliability AB Electroplated gold surfaces of the type used for MEMS switches were surveyed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to define the surface topographical features, and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the chemical composition of the contact surface. The gold surfaces were contacted with electrochemically sharpened gold and tungsten probes using an interface force microscope (IFM), capable of simultaneously measuring contact currents from 10 fA to 10 mA and forces ranging from 0.01 to 100 muN. Both attractive and repulsive forces were observed, and attractive forces on the probe tip were found to exist at significant distances (greater than 5 nm) from the gold surface. The radius of the probe tip is on the order of a micron, making it a useful model system for a single-asperity contact on an actual MEMS switch-contact surface. The results of these single-contact measurement events are compared with contact measurements made with MEMS switches of various sizes and actuation schemes to understand the origins of contact resistance and switch failure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tringe, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4286-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4558 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.442997 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT48E UT WOS:000173103600019 ER PT J AU Reed, JB Briggs, JW McDonald, JC Freeman, WR Morse, LS AF Reed, JB Briggs, JW McDonald, JC Freeman, WR Morse, LS TI Highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated regression of cytomegalovirus retinitis - Long-term results in a small case series SO RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE highly active antiretroviral therapy; cytomegalovirus retinitis; immune recovery; acquired immunodeficiency virus ID PLASMA HIV RNA; PROTEASE-INHIBITOR; ANTICYTOMEGALOVIRUS THERAPY; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; VIRUS RETINITIS; CMV RETINITIS; AIDS PATIENTS; RITONAVIR; INFECTION AB Purpose: To report the stability of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis lesions that have undergone regression in the absence of specific anti-CMV medications owing to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-generated immune recovery. Methods: The initial examination revealed HAART-associated regression of CMV retinitis lesions in eight subjects at two institutions. Patients were monitored for recurrences of CMV activity. CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) loads were measured. Results: All patients had positive initial responses to HAART with an average HIV load decrease of 2.26 log units (range 0.3-5.57). Mean CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count at baseline was 45.6 (range 4-107) and increased by an average of 132.5 (range 7-266) within the first 2 to 4 months of HAART. Patients were observed for an average of 15.5 months (range 11-20 months). Six subjects had a vigorous and sustained response to therapy, achieving an average HIV load of 9,400 copies/mL (3.32 log10 decrease) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count of 158.2 cells/muL. These patients had no CMV retinitis progression. By contrast, two others who attained an average log10 decrease of only 0.48 had modest and short-lived increases in the CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count. These patients experienced reactivation of CMV retinitis after 5 and 7 months, respectively. Conclusions: Regressed CMV retinitis may remain healed for long periods. However, failure of HAART to induce substantial decreases in HIV load may predict poor or unsustainable rises in the CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count and presage recurrence of CMV retinitis. Vigilance in ophthalmic examinations is especially mandatory in these subjects. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Reed, JB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM john.reed@59mdw.whmc.af.mil OI Morse, Lawrence/0000-0002-1758-2348 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY07366] NR 37 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0275-004X EI 1539-2864 J9 RETINA-J RET VIT DIS JI Retin.-J. Retin. Vitr. Dis. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1097/00006982-200108000-00007 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 461YL UT WOS:000170391400007 PM 11508879 ER PT B AU Fiedler, CJ AF Fiedler, CJ BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Laser Based Ultrasound technology assessment SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB Laser Based Ultrasound (LBU) systems can inspect parts faster, cheaper, and produce better results than conventional ultrasonic inspection systems for many parts. The Air Force has sponsored the development of both the science and the application of this technology through contract research programs. Summaries and results of these research programs are presented. Opportunities for future development activities in LBU to meet Air Force inspection needs are also given. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & Nondestruct Evaluat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiedler, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & Nondestruct Evaluat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 308 EP 315 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800039 ER PT B AU Hughes, ML Jacobs, LJ Rix, GJ AF Hughes, ML Jacobs, LJ Rix, GJ BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nondestructive determination of unknown pile tip elevations using modal analysis SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB A comprehensive experimental study and three corresponding numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the suitability of a modal analysis approach for identification of unknown pile embedment lengths. A small-scale pile facility containing partially embedded piles of differing lengths, cross section dimensions, and encasement attributes was constructed so that experimental pile response data could be gathered in a controlled laboratory environment. Impact tests were performed at a number of locations on each model pile, and the modal parameters for each were estimated from the resulting frequency response function data. Comparison of modal parameters estimated from model piles with similar cross section dimensions and different buried lengths showed essentially no variation in natural frequency as the buried length increased, in the frequency range that was practical to measure. Modal damping values showed a greater variation with pile embedment depth, but no discernable trends were apparent that would allow identification of the embedded length. Results from the numerical studies indicated the same. It was concluded that identification of pile embedment lengths using modal analysis is not a practically feasible task. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Damage Mechanisms Branch, MNMW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hughes, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Damage Mechanisms Branch, MNMW, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Ste 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Rix, Glenn/F-2779-2011 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1186 EP 1193 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800154 ER PT J AU Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Clark, DA Maqueda, RJ Taccetti, JM Wysocki, FJ Coffey, SK Degnan, JH Ruden, EL AF Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Clark, DA Maqueda, RJ Taccetti, JM Wysocki, FJ Coffey, SK Degnan, JH Ruden, EL TI Diagnostics for a magnetized target fusion experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PLASMA AB We are planning experiments using a field reversed configuration plasma injected into a metal cylinder, which is subsequently electrically imploded to achieve a fusing plasma. Diagnosing this plasma is quite challenging due to the short timescales, high energy densities, high magnetic fields, and difficult access. We outline our diagnostic sets in both a phase I study (where the plasma will be formed and translated), and phase II study (where the plasma will be imploded). The precompression plasma (diameter of only 8-10 cm, length of 30-40 cm) is expected to have n similar to 10(17) cm(-3), T similar to 100-300 eV, B similar to 5 T, and a lifetime of 10-20 mus. We will use visible laser interferometry across the plasma, along with a series of fiber-optically coupled visible light monitors to determine the plasma density and position. Excluded flux loops will be placed outside the quartz tube of the formation region, but inside of the diameter of the theta -pinch formation coils. Impurity emission in the visible and extreme ultraviolet range will be monitored spectroscopically, and fast bolometers will measure the total radiated power. A 20 J Thomson scattering laser beam will be introduced in the axial direction, and scattered light (from multiple spatial points) will be collected from the sides. Neutron diagnostics (activation and time-resolved scintillation detectors) will be fielded during both phases of the DD experiments. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wurden, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 552 EP 555 DI 10.1063/1.1310589 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600063 ER PT B AU Hesse, PJ Haas, TW Lampert, WV Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Seaford, ML AF Hesse, PJ Haas, TW Lampert, WV Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Seaford, ML BE Hunt, CE Baumgart, H Gosele, U Abe, T TI Surface passivation for low-temperature, UHV wafer-bonding of GaAs substrates SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS V, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Internation Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding CY OCT, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc ID SILICON-WAFERS; GROWTH; FUSION AB The effects of different surface preparations on the bonding of GaAs (001) in Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) have been studied. The samples used were GaAs wafers with buffer layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and subsequently As capped. As capped GaAs wafers had good bonding characteristics at temperatures as low as 350 degreesC in UI-IV whereas typical air exposed oxide terminated GaAs did not exhibit bonding below 550 degreesC. The bonding process was followed with a Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) which was placed in line-of-sight to the bonding fixture in the UHV system and was used to detect desorbed species. Previously published results have shown that subsequent to the desorption of tile As cap an atomically clean surface or interface is formed. This suggests that the lower bond temperatures are achieved due to the atomically clean surfaces that are formed. This RGA information also allowed optimization of the time needed to achieve clean GaAs surfaces during bonding. Ultrasonic C-Scan was used to analyze bonded samples generated both internally and externally. The C-Scan imagery was used to determine gross bonding effects such as voids and other non-uniformities. The reflection amplitude at the bond interface was used to determine the quality of the bond. As capped samples were found to have a comparable reflection amplitude to externally generated samples. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hesse, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-258-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 99 IS 35 BP 244 EP 258 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BS34G UT WOS:000169551200027 ER PT J AU Sakharov, AV Krestnikov, IL Maleev, NA Kovsh, AR Zhukov, AE Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ustinov, VM Ledentsov, NN Bimberg, D Lott, JA Alferov, ZI AF Sakharov, AV Krestnikov, IL Maleev, NA Kovsh, AR Zhukov, AE Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ustinov, VM Ledentsov, NN Bimberg, D Lott, JA Alferov, ZI TI 1.3 mu m vertical microcavities with InAs/InGaAs quantum dots and devices based on them SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID 1.3-MU-M; LASER; OPERATION; VCSELS; DIODE; MODE AB Various structures with optical microcavities and active layers based on InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots MBE-grown on GaAs substrates were studied theoretically and experimentally. LEDs for the 1.3 mum spectral range with narrow spectral characteristics and low light beam divergence were fabricated. Vertical lasing at 1.3 mum was obtained in a structure with oxidized AlO/GaAs mirrors under injection pumping. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/ Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sakharov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Sakharov, Aleksei/A-9250-2014; Tsatsulnikov, Andrey/A-9150-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Maleev, Nikolay/D-7873-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2001 VL 35 IS 7 BP 854 EP 859 DI 10.1134/1.1385724 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 449BE UT WOS:000169663800017 ER PT S AU Himed, B Bascom, H Clancy, J Wicks, MC AF Himed, B Bascom, H Clancy, J Wicks, MC BE Fujisada, H Lurie, JB Weber, K TI Tomography of moving targets (TMT) SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites V Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, NASA DE tomography; moving targets; spatial diversity; ultra narrow band (UNB); monostatic radar; multistatic radar AB This paper addresses the issue of spatial diversity in radar applications. There has been an increased need for information via radio frequency (RF) detection of airborne and ground targets while at the same time the electromagnetic spectrum available for commercial and military applications has been eroding. Typically, information concerning ground and air targets is obtained via monostatic radar. Increased information is often equated with increased bandwidth in these monostatic radar systems. However, geometric diversity obtained through multistatic radar operation also affords the user the opportunity to obtain additional information concerning these targets. With the appropriate signal processing, this translates directly into increased probability of detection and reduced probability of false alarm. In the extreme case, only discrete Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) frequencies of operation may be available for both commercial and military applications. As such, the need for geometric diversity becomes imperative. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Himed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 8 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4265-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4540 BP 608 EP 619 DI 10.1117/12.450710 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BT92U UT WOS:000174463200067 ER PT S AU Hinman, ML AF Hinman, ML BE Kadar, I TI Situation assessment and impact assessment activities in information fusion SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition X CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE situation assessment; impact assessment; threat assessment; Bayesian analysis; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; neural networks AB This paper will provide a description of multiple research efforts in the area of information fusion being conducted at the Fusion Technology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory. It will describe a series of innovative approaches of traditional fusion algorithms and heuristic reasoning techniques to improve situational assessment and threat prediction. Major features of the presentation will cover Bayesian techniques, Knowledge Based approaches, Artificial Neural Systems (Neural Networks), Fuzzy Logic, and Genetic Algorithms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hinman, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, 32 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4075-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4380 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1117/12.436962 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT21R UT WOS:000172292300033 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Hoffman, J Petty, J AF Blasch, E Hoffman, J Petty, J BE Kadar, I TI Defining a fusion gain-system operation characteristic (SOC) curve based on probability of detection and probability of false alarms SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition X CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fusion; tracking; fusion gain; system operating characteristic; ROC; situation awareness ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR FILTERS; PERFORMANCE; TRACKING; CLUTTER AB One issue that concerns the data fusion community is whether or not fusion of sensory information is beneficial. Beneficial results from fusion can be understood from a logical argument that if two types of sensors are measuring an object and only one source is available, then fusion is beneficial. Such an argument holds in the case of person identification system with the fusion of audio and video information. If only video is available, then a system comprising of audio alone could not identify the person. We further refine the fusion benefit to assess what is the measure of fusion gain ? A fusion gain system operator characteristic (FG-SOC) metric and a system reliability (SR) metric are use to define a fusion gain. A multi-source data fusion system performance modeling gain directly addresses both system performance and data sufficiency using system simulation and functional modeling methods. The FG-SOC approach models the relationships between sensor performance, revisit rate, and object density by extending current statistical tracking performance models to asynchronous sensing situations. The FG-SCO application establishes a method for the relative comparison of multiple sensor collection alternatives using a functional performance characterization and can be used to evaluate sensor fusion planning and control alternatives based on fusion system performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4075-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4380 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1117/12.436966 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT21R UT WOS:000172292300037 ER PT J AU Fox, SM Bailey, TG Carlton, WB AF Fox, SM Bailey, TG Carlton, WB TI Personnel airdrop simulation SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE combat modeling; flight simulation; airborne operations; airdrop; wake vortices; object-oriented simulation; object-oriented design ID PARALLEL RUNWAYS; TRANSPORT; MODEL; DECAY; LIDAR AB We develop an object-oriented simulation that models the airdrop mission of a U.S. transport aircraft, the C-17 Globemaster III. The simulation, written in MODSIM III, is based on three basic object types: an aircraft, a wake vortex, and a paratrooper. The aircraft object provides the required aerodynamic constants for simulating the wake vortices generated off each wingtip; the vortex object includes velocity field and decay models as well as a position algorithm; and the paratrooper object implements a 6-degree-of-freedom trajectory model. Using the simulation, we generate vortex encounter information for various formations and wind conditions, and quantify the associated risk of paratrooper/vortex encounters in a potential encounter rate. Time over the drop zone is a primary concern in any airdrop operation, and the results of this analysis form a tool that allows the ground commander to assess the risk involved in decreasing that time. C1 Air Force Studies & Anal Agcy, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fox, SM (reprint author), Air Force Studies & Anal Agcy, Washington, DC USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD JAN PY 2001 VL 76 IS 1 BP 4 EP 21 DI 10.1177/003754970107600101 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 431LC UT WOS:000168631800001 ER PT S AU Jarosh, JR Agnes, GS Karahalis, GG AF Jarosh, JR Agnes, GS Karahalis, GG BE Inman, DJ TI Adaptive control for payload launch vibration isolation SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: DAMPING AND ISOLATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab ID ACTIVE CONTROL; ACTUATOR; SOUND AB The Department of Defense has identified launch vibration isolation as a major research interest. Reducing the loads a satellite experiences during launch will greatly enhance the reliability and lifetime and decrease the payload structural mass. DoD space programs stand to benefit significantly from advances in vibration isolation technology. This study explores potential hybrid vibration isolation using adaptive control with a passive isolator. Lyapunov analysis is used to develop the structural adaptive control scheme. Simulink (TM) and Matlab (TM) simulations investigate these control methodologies on a lumped mass dynamic model of a satellite and its representative launch vehicle. The results are compared to Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control and skyhook damper active control methods. The results of the modeling indicate adaptive control achieves up to a 90 percent reduction in loads on the payload when compared to the conventional active control methods. The adaptive controller compensated for the loads being transmitted to the payload from the rest of the launch vehicle. The current adaptive controller was not able to effectively control the motion of a vibrating subcomponent within the payload or the subcomponent's effect on the overall payload itself. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Agnes, GS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 P St Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4017-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4331 BP 162 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.432700 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BS89R UT WOS:000171335100016 ER PT S AU Henderson, BK Denoyer, KK AF Henderson, BK Denoyer, KK BE McGowan, AMR TI Recent transitions of smart structures technologies through flight experiments SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab DE adaptive structures; space experiments; overview; Air Force; lessons learned; vibration suppression; control AB A clear milestone has been reached in the development and demonstration of smart structures technologies for space applications. The success of recent space experiments not only demonstrates the feasibility of several new technologies, but also provides a glimpse of the various future opportunities available for research and development in the smart structures area. Three missions are discussed herein. as well as the role of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and its government, industry, and academic partners in bringing them to fruition. The currently operating Vibration Isolation, Suppression, and Steering (VISS) space experiment and the Middeck Active Control Experiment Reflight (MACE-II), as well as the upcoming Satellite Ultra-quiet Isolation Technology Experiment (SUITE) are discussed in terms of notable achievements and lessons learned over the course of their execution. Directions for future research revealed by these experiments are also discussed, along with technology needs and transition opportunities for future operational systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Henderson, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4018-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4332 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1117/12.429652 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT01Z UT WOS:000171643700017 ER PT S AU Khot, NS Appa, K Veley, DE AF Khot, NS Appa, K Veley, DE BE Rao, VS TI Static aeroelastic control for pull-up manuever of a flexible wing with internal actuation SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: MODELING, SIGNAL PROCESSING, AND CONTROL IN SMART STRUCTURES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab AB A technique of deforming a flexible wing to hold the airplane in a steady pull-up maneuver with required load factor at high dynamic pressures is examined. Rather than using an elevator system for pull-up, symmetric elastic twist and camber is determined to achieve the required pitching moment for increase in the angle of attack and change in the pitch rate to generate the required lift forces for pull-up maneuver. The elastic twist and camber is achieved by providing a system of actuating elements distributed within the internal substructure of the wing to provide control forces. The modal approach is used to develop equilibrium equations for the steady pull-up maneuver of a wing subjected to aerodynamic loads and the actuating forces. The distribution of actuating forces required to achieve specified load factor was determined by using an iterative procedure in conjunction with an optimal control design approach. Here, a full-scale flexible realistic wing is considered for the assessment of strain energy as a measure of the necessary power required to produce the symmetric twist and camber deformation to achieve the required lift forces. Subsonic and supersonic design conditions are investigated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khot, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, 2210 8th St,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4012-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4326 BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.1117/12.436485 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT28J UT WOS:000172533200030 ER PT S AU Wagner, JW Agnes, GS AF Wagner, JW Agnes, GS BE Davis, LP TI Optical metrology of adaptive membrane mirrors SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab DE PVDF; membrane; adaptive optics; vibration AB A membrane primary mirror in a space-based imaging system has the ability to overcome current payload constraints and meet evolutionary needs of the future. The challenge of membrane optics in space is the process of implementing adaptive optics technology to the membrane surface that will provide at least rough order of magnitude imaging, where small aberrations can be removed downstream in the system. The objective of this research was to develop a system to categorize surface properties of optical quality membrane material with the ability to interpret membrane mirror deformation. Coincident with this objective was the design and construction of membrane mirrors and associated test tooling, the design and application of in-plane zonal control for piezopolymer actuated membrane mirrors, and mirror deformation analysis. The system provides wavefront analysis with both optical interferometry and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing, with good correlation, which compares favorably to Zygo interferometer data. Results from membrane static testing will be presented. They demonstrate deflection of tens of wavelengths is possible. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Agnes, GS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4013-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4327 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.436532 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BT26D UT WOS:000172441200002 ER PT S AU Cseke, P Agnes, GS AF Cseke, P Agnes, GS BE Davis, LP TI Modeling piezoceramic twist actuation in a single-cell anisotropic torque box SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab ID WING BOXES AB Replacing articulated flight control surfaces with adaptive controls reduces surface discontinuities, and enhances low observability. Actuation of the aerodynamic surfaces is achieved by an electric field applied to PZT actuators embedded in the top and bottom skins, creating differential strain and shear (torsion) in the host substrate. The torsion of the torquebox was modeled in the presence of a full complement of air-loads by extending the Bredt-Batho theorem. This was accomplished through modifying Libove's method, using a thin-walled, linearly elastic, fully anisotropic, trapezoid cross-section beam. The linear tip twist angles due to a uniform cross-sectional moment were verified using the isotropic Bredt-Batho theorem, and published anisotropic results by applying isotropic, then anisotropic laminate elastic properties. The isotropic solutions were within 3.1%; the anisotropic results were within 6.9-10.9% of the published angles. The PZT actuation of the host structure was achieved by substituting PZT-composite laminate elastic properties into the derived solution and inducing strain and shear of the PZT lamina by applying an electric field, without the presence of external forces or moments. Using two different PZT laminae, the angular twist as a function of the host lamina orientation angle and applied voltage was recorded. The amount of twist ranged between 0.03-0.40 degrees, and 0.12-1.04 degrees for the AFC and G-1195 PZT laminae respectively. C1 AFRL, Adv Composites Off, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Cseke, P (reprint author), AFRL, Adv Composites Off, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4013-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4327 BP 24 EP 35 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BT26D UT WOS:000172441200003 ER PT J AU Chertok, IM Kahler, S Aurass, H Gnezdilov, AA AF Chertok, IM Kahler, S Aurass, H Gnezdilov, AA TI Sharp decreases of solar metric radio storm emission SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; NOISE STORM; CONTINUUM DEPRESSIONS; ACTIVE REGIONS; ENERGY-RELEASE; FLARE; ACCELERATION; ELECTRONS; ASSOCIATION; BURSTS AB We discuss a little-known variety of sharp decreases of long-duration meter-wavelength noise storms and type IV bursts. A survey of the IZMIRAN and AIP radio observations shows that a decrease or nearly complete disappearance of the continuum and bursts developing over tens of minutes without a subsequent recovery of the radio flux occasionally occurs. The decrease is usually preceded by a short-duration (several tens of minutes) enhancement of the radio emission. In these events, the onset of the flux decrease drifts from high to low frequencies with a rate of -(0.05-0.35) MHz s(-1), comparable to the drift rates of noise-storm onsets and of chains of type I bursts. White-light coronagraph observations, as well as the characteristics of the accompanying microwave and soft X-ray emissions, provide evidence that such radio decreases appear to be associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and post-CME phenomena. Yohkoh/SXT images show radio flux decrease events which are accompanied by significant rearrangements of coronal structures. We suggest that the radio flux variations are caused by CME interactions with pre-existing coronal arcade structures which are sources of noise storms and energetic electron acceleration. The fact that the noise-storm decreases develop with delays of several tens of minutes relative to the associated microwave burst peak, when the corresponding CME front is located at heights of several R(circle dot), however, is not explained. C1 IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Chertok, IM (reprint author), IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PY 2001 VL 202 IS 2 BP 337 EP 354 DI 10.1023/A:1012211412695 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 486KG UT WOS:000171816500010 ER PT J AU Lo, I Lee, KH Tu, LW Tsai, JK Mitchel, WC Tu, RC Su, YK AF Lo, I Lee, KH Tu, LW Tsai, JK Mitchel, WC Tu, RC Su, YK TI Thermal effect on quantum confinement in ZnS0.06Se0.94/Zn0.8Cd0.2Se quantum wells SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; optical properties; luminescence ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BLUE-GREEN; GROWTH; LASERS AB ZnS0.06Se0.94/Zn0.8Cd0.2Se quantum wells (QW) were studied by temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurement. We observed two PL peaks due to the band-to-band transition in ZnS0.6Se0.94 barrier, E-g(0) = 2.819 eV, and the transition of heavy hole to first conduction subband in Zn0.8Cd0.2Se well, E-hhl(0) = 2.545 eV. The relative thermal coefficients of these two constituent materials are quite different, resulting in a temperature-dependent quantum confinement. The reduction of the quantum confinement at high temperatures induces a leakage of carrier and leads to a quenching of the PL intensity. The activation energy for the PL quench is about 188.4 meV. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Lo, I (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 120 IS 4 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00369-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 482BM UT WOS:000171555000007 ER PT J AU Look, DC Stutz, CE Molnar, RJ Saarinen, K Liliental-Weber, Z AF Look, DC Stutz, CE Molnar, RJ Saarinen, K Liliental-Weber, Z TI Dislocation-independent mobility in lattice-mismatched epitaxy: application to GaN SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE interfaces; epitaxy; dislocations ID SCATTERING AB Lattice-mismatched epitaxy produces a high concentration of dislocations (N-dis) in the interface region, and this region is often highly conductive, due to donor (N-D) decoration of the dislocations. Here we show that a simple postulate, N-D = alpha (N-dis/c), where c is the lattice constant and alpha a constant of order 1-2, predicts a nearly constant low-temperature mobility, independent of N-dis This prediction is experimentally verified in GaN grown on Al2O3, and is also applied to other mismatched systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 10 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 117 IS 10 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00010-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 404DZ UT WOS:000167083300001 ER PT J AU Stone, TW Jumper, JM AF Stone, TW Jumper, JM TI Information about age-related macular degeneration on the Internet SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 24-27, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; MEDICAL INFORMATION; HEALTH INFORMATION; VITAMIN-A; CANCER; KNOWLEDGE; DISEASE; QUALITY; ADVICE; CARE AB Background. A great deal of health information has become available on the Internet over the past several years. Some of this information is inaccurate or misleading to patients. We attempted to determine the accuracy of information on the Internet concerning age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods, The term "macular degeneration" was entered in each of seven Internet search engines, and the subsequent links were followed and categorized. The number of sites that discussed treatment inconsistent with the peer-reviewed standard of care fur ARMD was tabulated. Results, Of the 80 unique sites regarding ARMD that we identified, 17 (21%) featured nonconventional information Conclusions. Many Internet sites feature unproven and costly nonconventional information about ARMD. Each physician should be prepared to address these sites and to suggest reliable sites concerning health information on the Internet. RP Jumper, JM (reprint author), 59 MDW MMKT,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 400CJ UT WOS:000166850800004 PM 11213937 ER PT S AU Worden, SP AF Worden, SP BE Kondo, Y Sheffield, C Bruhweiler, FC TI New directions for national security space programs SO SPACE ACCESS AND UTILIZATION BEYOND 2000 SE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Access and Utilization Beyond 2000 CY FEB 18, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Assoc Advancement Sci AB Space capabilities are increasingly central to United States national security operations. In the coming decades, as commercial space importance rises, the U.S. national security community must come to grips with how to protect these vital economic elements. To do this the United States Air Force (USAF) should assume this protection role and develop the necessary means for rapid affordable access to space and maneuver in space. These technical capabilities include reusable launch vehicles - "space-planes" and 100kg-class maneuverable satellites - "micros-satellites." As the USAF assumes more non-warfighting roles it should also assume, as part of its necessary "space control" functions responsibility for identification and mitigation of natural space threats such as "Near-Earth Asteroids" or NEOs. C1 USAF, Space Command, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Worden, SP (reprint author), USAF, Space Command, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0278-4017 BN 0-87703-475-3 J9 SCI TECH PY 2001 VL 101 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS03W UT WOS:000168410600010 ER PT S AU Medina, DF Wright, L Campbell, M AF Medina, DF Wright, L Campbell, M BE Flury, W Klinkrad, H TI Parametric investigation of solar panel hypervelocity impact damage SO SPACE DEBRIS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B0 1/PEDAS1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Int Acad Astronaut, Int Astronaut Federat, Int Astronaut Union, UN Off Outer Space Affair, Comm Space Res AB Individual hypervelocity impacts on satellite solar panel surfaces generally pose less of a threat to critical system functioning than impacts on critical components located on the satellite body. However, accumulation of impacts over the large surface area of the solar panels leads, in some cases, to a degradation of efficiency. Since this degradation depends both on the number of impacts and the extent of the individual localized damage, we have conducted a suite of calculations designed to understand the dependence of localized surface damage on mass and velocity of the impactor. The calculations varied mass (10(-12) to 10(-3) g) and velocity (1 to 12 km/s) to reveal a distinct threshold for penetration damage. In addition, the effect of including voids in the impactor material was considered. The solar panel was modeled, using the CTH hydrocode, as three layers-glass, silicon and aluminum. CTH is designed to treat a wide range of shock wave propagation and material motion phenomena. Physically based numerical models are relied on due to the limited laboratory data available over the mass and velocity range covered. This paper presents and analyzes more than 40 calculations; most are 2D, but some are 3D. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Medina, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1347 EP 1352 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00410-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT60M UT WOS:000173496200012 ER PT S AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. BE Song, P Singer, HJ Siscoe, GL TI Origin and Properties of Solar Energetic Particles in Space SO SPACE WEATHER SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chapman Conference on Space Weather CY MAR 20-JUN 24, 2001 CL Clearwater, FL ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; PROTON EVENTS; POLAR ICE; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; FLARE PROTONS; RADIO-BURSTS; COSMIC-RAYS; ACCELERATION; NITRATE; SUN AB Transient energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle events from the Sun have been observed at the Earth for half a century using several detection techniques. We review these observations and the change in focus from solar flares to fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and shocks as the causal agents of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We review the properties of SEP events that are important for space weather: 1) the number distributions of peak SEP intensities and of SEP fluences; 2) the relationship of SEP intensities to CME speeds; 3) when SEP events occur during the solar cycle; and 4) where SEP events occur relative to the CME-driven shocks. We conclude with a discussion of two cases of direct negative effects of SEPs on space experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-984-4 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2001 VL 125 BP 109 EP 122 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOP22 UT WOS:000277201400013 ER PT S AU Basu, S Groves, KM AF Basu, S. Groves, K. M. BE Song, P Singer, HJ Siscoe, GL TI Specification and Forecasting of Outages on Satellite Communication and Navigation Systems SO SPACE WEATHER SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chapman Conference on Space Weather CY MAR 20-JUN 24, 2001 CL Clearwater, FL ID POLAR-CAP; IONOSPHERE; IRREGULARITIES; SCINTILLATION; PATCHES; MODEL AB The ionized upper atmosphere often develops electron density irregularities which cause amplitude and phase scintillations of satellite signals. Scintillations, when intense, can cause outages in satellite communication systems and in Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation. The performance of these systems can be improved by providing global specification and forecast of scintillation. A scintillation specification system, Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA), has been developed for the South American sector. An equatorial satellite, Communication Navigation Outage Forecasting System (CNOFS), equipped with suitable sensors, has been planned for the specification and forecast of equatorial scintillation. C1 [Basu, S.; Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM santimay@aol.com; Keith.Groves@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-984-4 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2001 VL 125 BP 423 EP 430 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOP22 UT WOS:000277201400048 ER PT S AU Oldenburg, JA Tragesser, SG AF Oldenburg, JA Tragesser, SG BE DAmario, LA Sackett, LL Scheeres, DJ Williams, BG TI Minimizing the effects of transverse torques during thrusting for spin stabilized spacecraft SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2001, VOL 108, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 11th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB During an orbital maneuver of a spin stabilized spacecraft, undesirable transverse torques will be present due to thruster misalignment and offset from the center of mass. These body-fixed torques cause the thrust vector to precess about a direction that is offset from the nominal, This oscillation of the thrust vector over the course of the maneuver decreases the final magnitude of the AV while the average offset causes a pointing error. Previous work has shown that inserting a short coast phase timing into the maneuver can eliminate the pointing error. This paper looks at the behavior of the thrust axis to find solutions for the coast phase that retain the property of eliminating the secular pointing error, as well as minimize the average oscillation of the thrust axis in order to maximize the DeltaV. The new maneuver scheme realizes a significant increase in efficiency over the previous solution, particularly if the magnitude of the oscillation is large. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oldenburg, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-487-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 108 BP 125 EP 138 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BU35L UT WOS:000175747700008 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, WE BE DAmario, LA Sackett, LL Scheeres, DJ Williams, BG TI The dynamics of relative satellite motion SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2001, VOL 108, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 11th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB We report on a new solution for relative satellite dynamics, where a precessing periodic orbit replaces the circular orbit on the Clohessy-Wiltshire solution, and a Floquet solution supplies the local motion. All zonal gravitational harmonics are included in this reference solution. Sectoral, tesseral, air drag, and second order terms can be included as perturbations to the first order solution. Using this solution, stationkeeping maneuver costs are below (perhaps much below) a centimeter per second per day at 600 km altitude. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-487-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 108 BP 869 EP 879 PN 1&2 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BU35L UT WOS:000175747700056 ER PT S AU Sabol, C Deakin, S AF Sabol, C Deakin, S BE DAmario, LA Sackett, LL Scheeres, DJ Williams, BG TI Sunset-synchronous orbits and other astrodynamics support for the optical calibration sphere SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2001, VOL 108, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 11th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Optical Calibration Sphere (OCS) was an experimental satellite launched for the Air Force Research Laboratory to support research at the Starfire Optical Range. In order to maximize the number of terminator viewing opportunities and therefore usefulness of the satellite, a class of terminator-synchronous orbits was designed. Terminator-synchronous orbits are low earth orbits designed to produce sunlit passes over a given ground station shortly before sunrise (sunrise-synchronous) or shortly after sunset (sunset-synchronous) for many months at a time. This paper addresses the utility of the terminator-synchronous orbits and discusses other astrodynamics support required to successfully implement a sunset-synchronous mission design. The additional considerations included node selection, launch time calculation, launch window estimates, satellite lifetime predictions, and a close approach calculation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-487-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 108 BP 2031 EP 2048 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BU35L UT WOS:000175747700127 ER PT J AU Taylor, BA Vaccaro, AR Hilibrand, AS Zlotolow, DA Albert, TJ AF Taylor, BA Vaccaro, AR Hilibrand, AS Zlotolow, DA Albert, TJ TI The risk of foraminal violation and nerve root impingement after anterior placement of lumbar interbody fusion cages SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE cadaveric models; cage; lumbar spine; spine fusion; spinal nerve roots ID SPINAL-FUSION AB Study Design. Three groups of six embalmed cadaver spines underwent placement of lumbar interbody fusion cages centered either at midline, 10% lateral of midline, or 20% lateral of midline. The spines were evaluated for evidence of neuroforamen violation or nerve root impingement. Objectives. To determine the potential for foraminal violation or nerve root impingement after correct placement and lateral misplacement of lumbar interbody fusion cages. Summary of Background Data. Radicular symptoms after anterior cage placement have raised some concern about the potential for inadvertent device-related foraminal violation not adequately appreciated by intraoperative fluoroscopy. Methods. Preoperative computed tomography scanning and plain radiography was used to measure endplate dimensions at L4-L5 and to template the appropriately sized interbody fusion cages. The cadaveric specimens were randomly divided into three groups of six (Groups I-III) and instrumented at L4-L5 either at midline (I) or 10% (II) or 20% (III) lateral of midline. Postoperative computed tomography and plain radiography was evaluated for evidence of neuroforamen violation, followed by dissection of the specimens. Results. Foraminal violation occurred in one of six spines in group II (10% off midline) and in three of six spines in group III (20% off midline). Two of the three cadavers in group III with foraminal violation also were noted to have nerve root abutment on computed tomography scans and spinal dissection. Conclusions. Excessive lateral placement of lumbar interbody fusion cages may result in foraminal violation and possible nerve encroachment. The "safe zone" for centering the cages extends approximately 5 mm on either side of midline. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Taylor, BA (reprint author), Dept Orthoped Surg, 959 MDOS-MMKO,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1097/00007632-200101010-00017 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 389YW UT WOS:000166267100019 PM 11148652 ER PT J AU Gazitt, Y Shaughnessy, P Liu, Q AF Gazitt, Y Shaughnessy, P Liu, Q TI Expression of adhesion molecules on CD34(+) cells in peripheral blood of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with different growth factors SO STEM CELLS LA English DT Article DE mobilization; CD34(+); VLA-4; L-selectin; NHL ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; FACTOR G-CSF; HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY; CLONAL MYELOMA CELLS; HUMAN FETAL LIVER; STEM-CELLS; BONE-MARROW; PLATELET RECOVERY; ENGRAFTMENT KINETICS AB Adhesion molecules on CD34(+) cells were implicated in the process of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization and homing. We studied the mobilization of CD34(+)Thy1(+) cells, CD34(+) very late-acting antigen (VLA)4(+) cells, and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF, GM-CSF, or GM-CSF followed by G-CSF. The mean percentage of CD34(+) cells in the bone marrow (BM) expressing Thy1 was 23.6% +/- 11% and 17.8% +/- 8% in the PB before mobilization, and was markedly decreased to 4.5% +/- 3.3% in the apheresis collections. Similarly, the mean percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing L-selectin was 35.8% +/- 4.3% in the BM, 21.6% +/- 4.1% in the PB before mobilization and was markedly decreased to 9.1% +/- 2.5% in the apheresis collections. Patients in the three arms of the study had a similar pattern of CD34(+)Thy1(+) and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cell mobilization. Also, a similar pattern of coexpression of CD34(+)Thy1(+) and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cells was observed when the patients were regrouped as "good mobilizers" (greater than or equal to2 x 10(6) CD34(+)CD45(dim) cells/kg, in four collections) and "poor mobilizers" (<0.4 x 10(6) CD34(+)CD45(dim) cells/kg, in two collections). The mean percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing VLA-4 in the BM and PB was relatively high (73.4% +/- 12% and 65.4% +/- 6.6%, respectively) and dropped considerably in the PBSC collections to 43.5% +/- 7.1% with a similar pattern observed for patients in arms A, B, and C. However, when the patients were regrouped as "good mobilizers" and "poor mobilizers," a higher percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing VLA-4 was observed in the PBSC of the pooled "good mobilizers" (50.5% +/- 9% versus 36.3% +/- 6.4%; p = 0.01). We conclude that release of CD34(+) cells to the PB involves a general downregulation of Thy1, L-selectin and VLA-4 on CD34(+) cells, irrespective of the growth factor used for mobilization. However, good mobilizers had a relatively higher percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing the VLA-4 antigen. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Hematol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Gazitt, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Hematol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALPHAMED PRESS PI MIAMISBURG PA ONE PRESTIGE PLACE, STE 290, MIAMISBURG, OH 45342-3758 USA SN 1066-5099 J9 STEM CELLS JI Stem Cells PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1634/stemcells.19-2-134 PG 10 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Hematology GA 412WM UT WOS:000167577400009 PM 11239168 ER PT S AU Snyder, DR Chenette, ER Hudson, RD Young, RP Gardner, DW Nebolsine, PE AF Snyder, DR Chenette, ER Hudson, RD Young, RP Gardner, DW Nebolsine, PE BE Woods, AJ Bolas, MT Merritt, JO Benton, SA TI Stereo at the speed of light: high-speed digital stereo imaging at up to 100 million frames per second SO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS AND VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems VIII CY JAN 22-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE ballistic; impact; terminal ballistics; 3D imaging; crack propagation; stereo; laser photography; high speed photography; million frame per second; CCD; multi-pulse laser ID CCD CAMERA; LASER AB When shutter speeds approach a nanosecond you set your experiment up using a tape measure. Light-in -Flight imaging takes over when the length of the pulse and the shutter time can relate to a distance of two or three meters. This paper addresses the development of next generation ultrahigh speed digital imaging system and their application to stereo photography of ballistic, penetration, fragmentation, and spray events. Applications of high speed imaging from 1000 to 100 million frames per second are discussed along with the software used to evaluate various experimental methods. Applications range from ultra-high resolution still imaging using a laser strobe to laser illuminated digital movies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Snyder, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3975-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4297 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.430803 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS89M UT WOS:000171334300010 ER PT S AU Pasiliao, EL AF Pasiliao, EL BE Uryasev, SP Pardalos, PM TI Transient stochastic models for search patterns SO STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS SE APPLIED OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stochastic Optimization: Algorithms and Applications CY FEB 20-22, 2000 CL UNIV FLORIDA, CTR APPL OPTIMIZAT, GAINESVILLE, FL SP INFORMS Soc HO UNIV FLORIDA, CTR APPL OPTIMIZAT DE stochastic program; path planning AB Two stochastic programming models with an implicit second stage for optimal search patterns is presented. The problem concerns the allocation of search effort in a manner that minimizes the length of time to target detection. This is especially important in the use of autonomous searchers with the capability to locate and identify targets. For our current application, we assume that the searcher can only engage a single target. The use of transient distribution functions, as opposed to steady state distributions, is necessary because the searcher typically moves at a significantly higher velocity than the targets. C1 USAF, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Pasiliao, EL (reprint author), USAF, 101 W Elgin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-6485 BN 0-7923-6951-3 J9 APPL OPTIMIZAT PY 2001 VL 54 BP 265 EP 277 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BT08G UT WOS:000171891400012 ER PT B AU John, R Porter, WJ Olson, S AF John, R Porter, WJ Olson, S BE Hemker, KJ Dimiduk, DM Clemens, H Darolia, R Inui, H Larsen, JM Sikka, VK Thomas, M Whittenberger, JD TI Colony property determination in a gamma titanium aluminide SO STRUCTURAL INTERMETALLICS 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Structural Intermetallics (IS SI) CY SEP 23-27, 2001 CL JACKSON HOLE, WY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div ID ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; PST CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR; TI3AL AB Gamma titanium aluminide (gamma-TiAl) alloys have been under development for use in rotating components for gas turbine engines. Detailed 3-dimensional (3D) colony-level finite element (FE) models are being developed at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory to predict damage initiation and accumulation in gamma-TiAl during service loading. These models require knowledge of the orthotropic nature of the deformation and fracture behavior of individual colonies. While the elastic properties of gamma and alpha-2 single-phase materials have been extensively studied, the elastic response of fully lamellar two-phase materials has not received the same degree of attention. This paper describes an integrated experimental and analytical approach to deduce the colony properties in a gamma-TiAl. Samples with gage sections composed of specifically-oriented individual lamellar grains were tested in tension to determine the elastic behavior of this two-phase structure. Preliminary 3D FE analysis, using the constituent properties available in the open literature, showed general agreement between the model results and the experimental measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP John, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-511-5 PY 2001 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT48V UT WOS:000173131100039 ER PT B AU Menon, ESK Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM AF Menon, ESK Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM BE Hemker, KJ Dimiduk, DM Clemens, H Darolia, R Inui, H Larsen, JM Sikka, VK Thomas, M Whittenberger, JD TI High temperature oxidation mechanisms in Nb - Silicide bearing multicomponent alloys SO STRUCTURAL INTERMETALLICS 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Structural Intermetallics (IS SI) CY SEP 23-27, 2001 CL JACKSON HOLE, WY SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div AB This paper reports preliminary observations on the nature and sequences of reactions that occur upon exposure of multicomponent Nb-based alloys (that contain silicide phases as the major constituent) to high temperatures (600 - 1300degrees C) in air, Systematic structural and chemical characterization of the constituents in the microstructures developed in selected alloys both after appropriate heat treatments as well as after high temperature are presented. The general features associated with the oxidation reactions at various temperatures in nine alloys have been investigated with emphasis on the role of different alloying elements. In particular, the overall kinetics of the oxidation reaction, the nature of the reaction products and the development of the oxidation products have been thoroughly evaluated and the mechanism of oxidation discussed briefly. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Menon, ESK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-511-5 PY 2001 BP 591 EP 600 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT48V UT WOS:000173131100066 ER PT S AU Lowry, HS Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT Brandon, WD AF Lowry, HS Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT Brandon, WD BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Development of scene generation concepts for AEDC's 10V chamber upgrade SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VII: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds VII - Characterization and Representation Conference CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration; radiometric characterization; space sensor testing; vacuum chamber ID POLARIZATION AB In order to provide multiple radiometrically characterizable targets for testing in Arnold Engineering Development Center's (AEDC's) 10V chamber, an extension of current scene generation methods is required. New concepts are also being investigated that will allow more flexibility in reaching the desired simulation parameters. Alternate sources, filtering techniques, beam combining methods, and optical power delivery systems may prove useful in meeting the ultimate objectives of the testing program. This paper presents the results of this effort. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4065-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4370 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1117/12.440082 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT73N UT WOS:000173898200026 ER PT S AU Griffith, JA AF Griffith, JA BE Murrer, RL TI Santa Rosa Island open-air hardware-in-the-loop simulation SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VI CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE test; simulation; hardware-in-the-loop; HITL; open-air; tower; flight motion simulator; munitions AB The USAF 46(th) Test Wing is developing a new hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) facility that will bridge the gap between conventional indoor HITL simulation and open-air flight-testing. The 46(th) Test Wing performs test and evaluation of munitions and command and control systems at Eglin Air Force Base in the panhandle area of Florida. The 46th Test Wing operates numerous ground test facilities including the Guided Weapons Evaluation Facility (GWEF), located at Eglin. The GWEF uses HITL simulation to test munitions' guidance systems by "flying" them indoors against simulated targets including laser, infrared, radio frequency and millimeter wave. After HITL testing, the munitions are free flight tested on Eglin's land or water ranges. In 1995, Hurricane Opal destroyed several test sites on Santa Rosa Island, a barrier island bordering the Gulf of Mexico and Eglin's land ranges. Instead of simply rebuilding existing sites, the 46(th) Test Wing decided to reconstitute the island test capabilities to address future test requirements. One component of this effort is the development of a free standing 300-foot tower overlooking the Gulf. A high dynamic three axis flight motion simulator will be mounted atop the open air platform. The Open-Air Hardware-in-the-Loop (OA-HITL) facility will fill a gap in the test process between conventional indoor HITL simulation and open-air flight-testing. The OA-HITL will combine benefits of conventional HITL testing with the more realistic conditions of open-air testing. Whereas conventional HITL simulation operates in controlled indoor conditions with simulated targets, the OA-HITL will provide real targets and backgrounds in actual weather conditions. However, it will provide more control over the test item than captive carriage or free flight testing. This paper discusses the facility development, capabilities and potential uses, differences between conventional and open-air simulations and challenges to performing open-air simulation. C1 USAF, 46 Test Wing, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Griffith, JA (reprint author), USAF, 46 Test Wing, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4061-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4366 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.438068 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BT64Z UT WOS:000173641700002 ER PT S AU Arredondo, FA Robert, S Glattke, EW Robert, WC Walker, JR AF Arredondo, FA Robert, S Glattke, EW Robert, WC Walker, JR BE Murrer, RL TI Multi-spectral scene projection (MSSP) demonstration SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VI CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID SIMULATOR DEVELOPMENT; MILLIMETER AB A new generation of advanced, highly capable, multi-spectral missile systems is being developed to address advanced systems threats. These missile systems will require extensive and elaborate testing to validate their effective operational envelopes. The increasing costs of live fire field testing balanced against lower testing budgets, strict environmental impact limitations, and political consequences of test failures, are dictating an absolute requirement to test the vast majority of the missile capabilities in the laboratory environment. Consequently, the MSSP demonstration program was developed to address laboratory capabilities required to conduct robust dynamic dual mode missile system guidance and control testing. The MSSP demonstration hardware was used to simultaneously project dynamic, co-aligned, infrared (IR) and radio frequency (RF) targets to a common aperture dual mode sensor. The demonstration of dynamic RF and IR scene generation presented many unique challenges. Among the challenges were the development of a suitably representative dual mode surrogate sensor, spatial alignment of the RF and IR targets within the sensor's field-of-regard/field-of-view, development of the RF and IR beam combiner which minimized RF interference and maximized IR reflection and image quality, and development of the optics and RF positioning systems. Significant modifications were made to the KHILS RF Facility at AFRL/MN Eglin AFB, FL in support of the unique requirements of testing a dual mode sensor. This paper presents the system setup used for demonstrating the multi-spectral seeker testing capability and the results obtained. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Arredondo, FA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4061-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4366 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.438090 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BT64Z UT WOS:000173641700004 ER PT J AU Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Tono, G Koike, J Eylon, D Fujishiro, S AF Niinomi, M Fukunaga, K Tono, G Koike, J Eylon, D Fujishiro, S TI Effect of microstructure on fracture characteristics of Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Mo-2Zr-2Cr-Si alloy SO TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Ti-62222S; microstructure; tensile properties; fracture toughness; Ti3Al; silicide ID TI-6-22-22 ALLOY AB Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si (Ti-62222S) is highly expected to be widely used for structural aircraft materials because Ti-62222S shows both characteristics of a type alloys with excellent high temperature strength and creep resistance, and alpha+beta type alloys with high fracture toughness and high strength. The intermetallics, Ti3Al, and silicides, precipitated in Ti-62222S during aping treatments decrease the strength and fracture toughness. However, the effect of each intermetallics on fracture characteristics of Ti-62222S is not yet clearly understood. Therefore, the fracture characteristics of Ti-62222S with only Ti3Al or only silicides precipitated by aging treatment were investigated with relating the matrix microstructure. 0.2% proof stress, tensile strength and elongation of the as-received material are much better than those of the aged materials. 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength of the material with only Ti3Al precipitated by aging treatment are better than those of the material with only silicides precipitated by aging treatment, while elongation of the material with only silicides is better than that of the material with only Ti3Al. Static fracture toughness of the material with only silicides is better than that of the material with only Ti3Al. The intergranular fracture appears in the material with only Ti3Al. Coarsening of Widmanstatten alpha structure and increasing ductility of beta phase during aging is considered to be effective for increasing static fracture toughness. C1 Toyohashi Univ Technol, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Niinomi, M (reprint author), Toyohashi Univ Technol, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku Cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. RI Niinomi, Mitsuo/B-5965-2011 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA 9-4 OTEMACHI 1-CHOME CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100, JAPAN SN 0021-1575 J9 TETSU TO HAGANE JI Tetsu To Hagane-J. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 396LU UT WOS:000166638500009 ER PT S AU Gschwender, LJ Nelson, L Snyder, CE Fultz, GW Saba, CS AF Gschwender, LJ Nelson, L Snyder, CE Fultz, GW Saba, CS BE Herguth, WR Warne, TM TI Advanced high-temperature air force turbine engine oil program SO TURBINE LUBRICATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Turbine Lubrication in the 21st Century CY JUN 26, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE gas turbine engine oil; lubrication; antiwear additive; antioxidant; ester; base oil AB Military and commercial jet aircraft engines operate hotter than in the past to increase fuel efficiency. Also, advanced structural engine materials permit hotter burning, more efficient engines. These trends are expected to continue. Many current gas turbine engines experience oil system coking and other problems related to the limited thermal and oxidative stability of the conventional, ester-based gas turbine engine oils. This is because most engines operate on gas turbine oils limited to 150 degreesC. The best current oils have a maximum operating temperature of about 200 degreesC. We initiated a program to develop a new class of ester-based lubricants to meet current and future high-temperature requirements. The target temperature range of this new oil is -40 degreesC to 232 degreesC. Target requirements were established and communicated to industry. This paper presents those requirements and initial results on the most promising candidates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gschwender, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2885-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1407 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1520/STP10448S PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA BR77C UT WOS:000167472000002 ER PT J AU Gallentine, ML Cespedes, RD AF Gallentine, ML Cespedes, RD TI Occult stress urinary incontinence and the effect of vaginal vault prolapse on abdominal leak point pressures SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENITOURINARY PROLAPSE; UTEROVAGINAL PROLAPSE; CONTINENT WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; CYSTOCELES AB Objectives. To compare the difference in abdominal leak point pressures (ALPPs) between patients with large cystoceles and severe vaginal vault prolapse and to assess the frequency of occult stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in these groups. Methods. A total of 24 adult female patients with pelvic prolapse underwent prospective fluorourodynamic testing to determine the change in ALPP with and without reduction of the pelvic prolapse. Twelve patients had grade III-IV vaginal vault prolapse and 12 had large cystoceles without vault prolapse. ALPP testing was performed with the prolapse unreduced and then reduced using gauze packing and a vaginal speculum. Results. In patients with vault prolapse, the frequency of occult SUI was 50% (6 of 12) and the mean decrease in ALPP was 59 cm H2O after prolapse reduction. In the patients with cystocele, all patients had overt SUI, and the mean change in ALPP was 11 cm H2O after prolapse reduction. A component of intrinsic sphincter deficiency was identified in 9 (75%) of 12 women with vault prolapse after reduction, and 8 (66%) of 12 women with no vault prolapse had a component of intrinsic sphincter deficiency before reduction, with an additional 2 (17%) of 12 patients after reduction. Conclusions. There is a high incidence of occult SUI in patients with vault prolapse and the ALPP after reduction is decreased to a much greater degree in patients with vaginal vault prolapse than in patients with cystocele alone. By reducing the pelvic prolapse during urodynamic testing, an accurate ALPP can be obtained, allowing the appropriate incontinence procedure to be performed. UROLOGY 57: 40-44, 2001. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00856-6 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 396XJ UT WOS:000166663000008 PM 11164140 ER PT S AU Radick, RR AF Radick, RR BE Siegmund, OHW Fineschi, S Gummin, MA TI The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) space experiment SO UV/EUV AND VISIBLE SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY AND SOLAR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/EUV and Visible Space Instrumentation for Astronomy and Solar Physics CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE solar activity; coronal mass ejections (CMEs); space weather; all-sky imaging; CCD photometry AB The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) is a proof-of-concept space experiment designed to observe solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and forecast their arrival at Earth. SMEI will image CMEs by sensing sunlight scattered from the free electrons in these ejecta (i.e., Thomson scattering). SMEI will be launched by a Titan II rocket into a circular, 830-km, sun-synchronous orbit in mid-2002 as part of the Space Test Program's CORIOLIS mission. SMEI will image nearly the entire sky once per spacecraft orbit over a mission lifetime of three years. Successful operation of SMEI will represent a major step in improving space weather forecasts by providing one- to three-day predictions of geomagnetic storms at the Earth. The SMEI experiment is being designed and constructed by a team of scientists and engineers from the Air Force Research Laboratory, the University of Birmingham (UB) in the United Kingdom, the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), and Boston University. The Air Force, NASA, and UB are providing financial support. C1 Natl Solar Observ, USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Radick, RR (reprint author), Natl Solar Observ, USAF, Res Lab, POB 62, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4212-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4498 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.450048 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BT90U UT WOS:000174396500008 ER PT J AU Fitch, MW England, E AF Fitch, Mark W. England, Ellen TI BIOLOGICAL FIXED FILM SYSTEMS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 [Fitch, Mark W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [England, Ellen] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fitch, MW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 450 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2001 VL 73 IS 5 BP 424 EP 504 DI 10.2175/106143001X143538 PG 81 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA V19HR UT WOS:000208064000007 ER PT S AU Hedges, RA Suter, BW AF Hedges, RA Suter, BW BE Szu, HH Donoho, DL Lohmann, AW Campbell, WJ Buss, JR TI The diagonally optimized spread: An optimized spread for quantifying local stationarity SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE covariance estimation; best basis methods; local cosines; nonstationarity; local stationarity; numerical spread AB In previous work, the spread has been presented as a means to quantify stationarity. This is done by estimating the support of the joint time-frequency correlation function known as the expected ambiguity function. Two fundamental issues concerning the spread are addressed here. The first is that the spread is not invariant under basis transformation. We address this problem by introducing the diagonally optimized spread, based on the proposition that the spread should be calculated using the covariance that is most nearly diagonal under basis transformation. The second issue is that in previous references to spread, the availability of covariance estimates have been assumed, which is an open problem non-stationary processes. A method to provide estimates of locally stationary processes was proposed by Mallat, Papanicolaou and Zhang, In their work they derive a method which calculates the basis which most nearly diagonalize the covariance matrix in the mean square sense. This method is ideally suited to our situation, and we extend it to include calculation of the diagonally optimized spread. The optimally diagonalized spread provides an improved indicator of non-stationarity and illustrates the connections between spread and the diagonizability of the covariance of a random process. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hedges, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4086-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4391 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.421189 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS47F UT WOS:000169942000011 ER PT J AU Mudaliar, S AF Mudaliar, S TI Diffuse waves in a random medium layer with rough boundaries SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; INTERFACE AB The problem of scattering from a random medium layer with rough boundaries is formulated as an integral equation in which the random fluctuations are represented as a zero-mean random operator. The analysis for the diffuse fields is based on the ladder-approximated Bethe-Salpeter equation. An integral equation for the diffuse intensities thus derived displays the Various multiple-scattering processes involved in our problem. Transport equations are also derived and several special cases are considered to illustrate the characteristics of the results and to compare them with those in the literature. C1 ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD JAN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/11/1/304 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 396WP UT WOS:000166660800005 ER PT S AU Harker, AB Ondercin, RJ Olsen, KR AF Harker, AB Ondercin, RJ Olsen, KR BE Tustison, RW TI Properties of thin film Si-C-N compositions SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE silicon-carbon nitride; thin films; erosion protection; infrared optical coatings ID SILICON-CARBON NITRIDE AB Thin films of selected amorphous and nano-crystalline compositions from the ternary phase diagram made up of carbon, silicon, and nitrogen, with a significant oxygen impurity, have been grown by chemical plasma reactions, ion beam deposition and plasma CVD. Characterization has focused on optical and mechanical properties to determine the compositions best suited for erosion resistant infrared (IR) optical coatings. The most desirable film compositions for the goal application are located in a compositional region around the C/Si atom ratio = 0.2 and C/N = 0.3. The most durable films have no apparent midwave infrared (IR) absorptions, an optical index of refraction ranging from 2 to 2.1, and indent hardness near 40 GPa. Thin film compositions nearer to carbon nitride show significant midwave absorption bands and lower hardness. Ambient thermal oxidation resistance increases with film nitrogen content, with the most durable films being stable at 700degreesC in air. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ML MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harker, AB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ML MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1117/12.439186 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200030 ER PT B AU Carnes, P AF Carnes, P BE Callaos, N Long, S Loutfi, M TI Using software reliability to determine optimum test time SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XVII, PROCEEDINGS: CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS (PT II) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI2001)/7th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2001) CY JUL 22-25, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, IEEE Latin Amer, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Tunisian Sci Soc DE software; reliability; operational testing; lifecycle cost and maturity AB In order for a system to operate dependably, it should demonstrate high reliability in the intended operational environment. In that most information systems are software intensive, reliability must be assessed for both the software as well as the hardware. In order to determine if a system exhibits software reliability and will operate securely, test results from system testing are analyzed to determine if the software is exhibiting maturity and a trend towards reliability growth. Once reliability growth has been established, there remains the question of how much additional testing should be done. Several investigators have proposed the use of software lifecycle cost models to determine optimum test time. A previous paper by this author suggested software reliability growth thresholds could be used to determine test duration. This paper proposes the use of statistical control charts derived from software reliability models to determine optimum test time. C1 USAF, Operat & Test Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Carnes, P (reprint author), USAF, Operat & Test Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-7557-9 PY 2001 BP 348 EP 352 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BU41L UT WOS:000175939300063 ER PT B AU Hill, RR Miller, JO McIntyre, GA AF Hill, RR Miller, JO McIntyre, GA BE Peters, BA Smith, JS Medeiros, DJ Rohrer, MW TI Applications of discrete event simulation modeling to military problems SO WSC'01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 01) CY 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB The military is a big user of discrete event simulation models. The use of these models range from training and wargaming their constructive use in important military analyses. In this paper we discuss the uses of military simulation, the issues associated with military simulation to include categorizations of various types of military simulation, We then discuss three particular simulation studies undertaken with the Air Force Institute of Technology's Department of Operational Science focused on important Air Force and Army issues. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7307-3 PY 2001 BP 780 EP 788 DI 10.1109/WSC.2001.977367 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BV20W UT WOS:000178162700101 ER PT J AU Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Edison, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Trock, S Stone, W Cherry, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, B Miller, J Poshni, I Glaser, C Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T French, R Lis, M Nelson, R Mayo, D Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J Keller, P Levy, M Lesser, C Beyer, R Driscoll, C Johnson, C Krick, J Altman, A Rohn, D Myers, R Montague, L Scaletta, J Roche, J Engber, B Newton, N McPherson, T MacCormack, N Obiri, G Rankin, J Tassler, P Galbraith, P Jenkins, S Stroube, R Wolfe, D Towers, H Meredith, W Hathcock, A Kelley, P Bunning, M AF Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Edison, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Trock, S Stone, W Cherry, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, B Miller, J Poshni, I Glaser, C Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T French, R Lis, M Nelson, R Mayo, D Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J Keller, P Levy, M Lesser, C Beyer, R Driscoll, C Johnson, C Krick, J Altman, A Rohn, D Myers, R Montague, L Scaletta, J Roche, J Engber, B Newton, N McPherson, T MacCormack, N Obiri, G Rankin, J Tassler, P Galbraith, P Jenkins, S Stroube, R Wolfe, D Towers, H Meredith, W Hathcock, A Kelley, P Bunning, M CA CDC TI Update: West Nile Virus activity - Eastern United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, pg 1044-1047, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Agr, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Connecticut Dept Agr, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USAF, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Novello, A (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 24 BP 3119 EP 3120 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 385FZ UT WOS:000165994100012 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR Kottke-Marchant, K Moliterno, DJ Rosenthal, M Topol, EJ Lincoff, AM Coller, BS AF Steinhubl, SR Kottke-Marchant, K Moliterno, DJ Rosenthal, M Topol, EJ Lincoff, AM Coller, BS TI Attainment and maintenance of platelet inhibition through standard dosing of abciximab in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention - Response SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Lincoff, AM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 19 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 25 BP E186 EP E186 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 384EU UT WOS:000165930500007 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Lin, CH Emery, BA Ruohoniemi, JM Rich, FJ Evans, DS AF Knipp, DJ Lin, CH Emery, BA Ruohoniemi, JM Rich, FJ Evans, DS TI Hemispheric asymmetries in ionospheric electrodynamics during the solar wind void of 11 May 1999 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATITUDE AB We use the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure to produce composite maps of high-latitude ionospheric parameters for II May 1999. On that day there was a near void in the solar wind momentum flux. Yet, focused high-latitude interactions occurred at Earth. Our maps of convection, Joule heating, particle precipitating power and field-aligned current show a striking asymmetry between hemispheres. In the latter three parameters there is at least a five-fold difference in values between the hemispheres. The northern hemisphere polar cap particle precipitation is the strongest we have ever mapped. Strong electrodynamic interactions were focused above 70 degrees north magnetic latitude. In the southern hemisphere only weak, irregular patterns are mapped. We attribute these differences to the strong interplanetary magnetic field spiral configuration, the sunward tilt of the northern hemisphere and the direct beam or "strahl" of solar electrons impinging on the northern polar cap during the momentum void. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 24 BP 4013 EP 4016 DI 10.1029/2000GL003801 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 390TB UT WOS:000166311700013 ER PT J AU Noah, DL Grayson, JK Caudle, LC AF Noah, DL Grayson, JK Caudle, LC TI Ten great veterinary public health/preventive medicine achievements in the United States, 1901 to 2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Public Health in the New Millennium held during the 137th American-Veterinary-Medical-Association Annual Convention CY JUN 23, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Vet Med Assoc ID OWNERSHIP C1 Tricare Golden Gate Reg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. USA, Off Surg GEn, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Bolling AFB, DC 20332 USA. RP Noah, DL (reprint author), 902 Seminole Rd, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 12 BP 1834 EP 1836 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 382QC UT WOS:000165832900032 PM 11132887 ER PT J AU Mastryukov, V Ruan, CY Fink, M Wang, Z Pachter, R AF Mastryukov, V Ruan, CY Fink, M Wang, Z Pachter, R TI The molecular structure of copper- and nickel-phthalocyanine as determined by gas-phase electron diffraction and ab initio/DFT computations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE electron diffraction; nickel phthalocyanine; copper phthalocyanine; ab initio/DFT calculations ID METAL; STEREOCHEMISTRY AB The structure of two metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) where M = Ni and Cu, have been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction for the first time. Structural analysis is assisted by ab initio/DFT calculations, carried out in the present work for NiPc and taken from the literature for CuPc. The focus of these studies is the position of the metal ion relative to the 16-membered C8N8 ring. Both molecules were found to be planar. Slight non-planarity found in the previous study is now removed by a new procedure of structural analysis; this is in accordance with the results of the X-ray studies and ab initio/DFT calculations for both compounds. From comparisons presented here we san conclude that there is a close structural similarity of MPcs in the gas phase and in the crystal. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fink, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD DEC 12 PY 2000 VL 556 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(00)00636-0 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 393EG UT WOS:000166455800023 ER PT J AU Power, GJ Sturtz, KE AF Power, GJ Sturtz, KE TI Signal-to-noise ratio for temporal integrated drifting images: a model for perceived image sharpening SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MOTION BLUR; SMEAR AB A formulation of signal-to-noise ratio is constructed that uses temporal integrated images from image sequences. Given a blurred image that drifts horizontally at various speeds and at various linear blurs, we prove that this formulation of the signal-to-noise ratio consistently increases with an increase in speed. This increase is shown to model the trends in the human vision system by which drifting blurred images are perceived with increased sharpness. The existing widely used objective quality techniques fail to model the perceptual increase in sharpness. This new formulation, along with other objective quality measures, is tested on several blurred drifting image sequences. The new formulation reflects the theoretically predicted increase in perceived sharpness. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 330.5020, 330.4060, 110.3000, 110.2960, 000.3860, 330.6790. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veridian Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.Power@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 35 BP 6613 EP 6620 DI 10.1364/AO.39.006613 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 380KH UT WOS:000165700700008 PM 18354675 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Jones, SE Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Use of small fluorescent molecules to monitor channel activity SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MscL; cobA; fluorescence; heat stress ID BACTERIAL MECHANOSENSITIVE CHANNEL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MSCL; STRESS; CELLS AB The Mechanosensitive channel of Large conductance (MscL) allows bacteria to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions such as osmolarity. The MscL channel opens in response to increases in membrane tension, which allows for the efflux of cytoplasmic constituents. Here we describe the cloning and expression of Salmonella typhimurium MscL (St-MscL). The amino acid sequence encoding for this MscL exhibits a high degree of similarity to Escherichia coli MscL (Eco-MscL). Using a fluorescence efflux assay, we demonstrate that efflux through the MscL channel during hypoosmotic shock can be monitored using endogenously produced fluorophores. These fluorophores are synthesized by a cotransformed gene, cobA. In addition, we observe that thermal stimulation, i.e., heat shock, can induce efflux through MscL. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLPJ, Bldg 651,3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 9 PY 2000 VL 279 IS 1 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3921 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 383GB UT WOS:000165873800033 PM 11112440 ER PT J AU Cohen, WE Gilgenbach, RM Jaynes, RL Peters, CW Lopez, MR Lau, YY Anderson, SA Brake, ML Spencer, TA AF Cohen, WE Gilgenbach, RM Jaynes, RL Peters, CW Lopez, MR Lau, YY Anderson, SA Brake, ML Spencer, TA TI Radio-frequency plasma cleaning for mitigation of high-power microwave-pulse shortening in a coaxial gyrotron SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM AB Results are reported demonstrating that radio-frequency (rf) plasma cleaning is an effective technique for mitigating microwave-pulse shortening (i.e., lengthening the pulse) in a multimegawatt, large-orbit, coaxial gyrotron. Cleaning plasmas were generated by 50 W of rf power at 13.56 MHz in nitrogen fill gas in the pressure range 15-25 mTorr. Improvements in the averaged microwave energy output of this high-power-microwave device ranged from 15% to 245% for different initial conditions and cleaning protocols. The mechanism for this improvement is believed to be rf plasma sputtering of excess water vapor from the cavity/waveguide and subsequent removal of the contaminant by cryogenic vacuum pumps. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics.[S0003-6951(00)01849-0]. C1 Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. GE Lighting, Cleveland, OH 44112 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cohen, WE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 23 BP 3725 EP 3727 DI 10.1063/1.1329862 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 378KZ UT WOS:000165584700015 ER PT J AU Gimelshein, SF Levin, DA Drakes, JA Karabadzhak, GF Ivanov, MS AF Gimelshein, SF Levin, DA Drakes, JA Karabadzhak, GF Ivanov, MS TI Ultraviolet radiation modeling from high-altitude plumes and comparison with Mir data SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAST O(P-3); SIMULATION; EMISSION; SPACE AB Modeling and calculations are presented with the goal of elucidating possible mechanisms of ultraviolet radiation from a Soyuz-TM spacegraft plume interacting with the ambient gas at altitudes of about 380 km, observed during the Mir experiment. The studies were performed with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The results presented include sensitivity studies of the simulation to various numerical parameters and an investigation of different radiation mechanisms. Among the mechanisms considered was the formation of OH(A) due to water dissociation by atomic O, collisional excitation of OH(X), and the formation of NH(A) by the reaction of atomic O with hydrazine fragments. The simulations are found to overpredict the data by approximately a factor of 5-70, depending on the parameters of the chemistry model for water dissociation. However, the simulations are in close agreement with the near-field plume intensity profile. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. TsNIIMASH, Korolev 141070, Moscow Region, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Appl Mech, Computat Aerodynam Lab, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Gimelshein, SF (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM gimel@gwu.edu; dalevin@gwu.edu; ivanov@itam.nsc.ru NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 38 IS 12 BP 2344 EP 2352 DI 10.2514/2.904 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 378CY UT WOS:000165568500018 ER PT J AU Goetz, DW Whisman, BA AF Goetz, DW Whisman, BA TI Occupational asthma in a seafood restaurant worker: cross-reactivity of shrimp and scallops SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IGE ANTIBODIES; ALLERGEN; TROPOMYOSIN; IDENTIFICATION; CRUSTACEA; MOLLUSCA; ANTIGENS; LOBSTER AB Background: The case of a restaurant seafood handler with IgE-mediated occupational asthma and contact urticaria to both shrimp and scallops is presented. Independent hypersensitivity to both seafoods was demonstrated by skin testing, inhalation challenge, and immunoassays. Bronchial challenge with extracts of shrimp and scallops each produced an isolated early asthmatic response. Objective: To investigate cross-reactivity of shrimp (phylum Arthropoda) and scallops (phylum Mollusca). Methods: Shrimp and scallops extracts were prepared from raw seafood and seafood boiling water. Distillate was collected over boiling shrimp. Specific-IgE ELISA and immunoblot assays were accomplished for shrimp and scallops extracts inhibited by each other. Results: SDS-PAGE of shrimp boiling water and distillate showed similar protein patterns. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot demonstrated prominent protein allergens for shrimp boiling water at 21, 26, and 35 to 38 kD; for raw shrimp at 26 and 38 kD; for scallops boiling water at 20, 35 to 39 and 42 kD; and for raw scallops at 36 to 38 and 41 kD. Significant inhibition of the 35 to 39-kD band of each shrimp and scallops extract was demonstrated on immunoblot inhibition by seafood of the opposite phylum. IgE ELISA inhibition demonstrated 17% to 28% inhibition of shrimp by scallops and scallops by shrimp. Conclusions: Seafood allergens aerosolized during food preparation are a source of potential respiratory and contact allergens. Shrimp and scallops demonstrate significant cross-reactivity. These findings confirm that the primary cross-reactive allergen of shrimp (phylum Arthropoda) and scallops (phylum Mollusca) is the 35 to 39 kD heat-stable allergen, previously demonstrated to be muscle topomyosin in both phyla. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Goetz, DW (reprint author), 200 Wedgewood Dr,Suite 205, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 85 IS 6 BP 461 EP 466 PN 1 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 387QT UT WOS:000166133800009 PM 11152166 ER PT J AU Magnuson, JK Romine, MF Burris, DR Kingsley, MT AF Magnuson, JK Romine, MF Burris, DR Kingsley, MT TI Trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase from Dehalococcoides ethenogenes: Sequence of tceA and substrate range characterization SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRICTLY ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; DEHALOSPIRILLUM MULTIVORANS; SP-NOV; DECHLORINATES TETRACHLOROETHENE; DESULFITOBACTERIUM DEHALOGENANS; GEN-NOV; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; OXIDATION; ETHENE AB The anaerobic bacterium Dehalococcoides ethenogenes is the only known organism that can completely dechlorinate tetrachloroethene or trichloroethene (TCE) to ethene via dehalorespiration. One of two corrinoid-containing enzymes responsible for this pathway, TCE reductive dehalogenase (TCE-RDase) catalyzes the dechlorination of TCE to ethene. TCE-RDase dehalogenated 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane to ethene at rates of 7.5 and 30 mu mol/min/mg, respectively, similar to the rates for TCE, cis-dichloroethene (DCE), and 1,1-DCE. A variety of other haloalkanes and haloalkenes containing three to five carbon atoms were dehalogenated at lower rates. The gene encoding TCE-RDase, tceA, was cloned and sequenced via an inverse PCR approach. Sequence comparisons of tceA to proteins in the public databases revealed weak sequence similarity confined to the C-terminal region, which contains the eight-iron ferredoxin cluster binding motif, (CXXCXXCXXXCP)(2). Direct N-terminal sequencing of the mature enzyme indicated that the first 42 amino acids constitute a signal sequence containing the twin-arginine motif, RRXFXK, associated with the Sec-independent membrane translocation system. This information coupled with membrane localization studies indicated that TCE-RDase is located on the exterior of the cytoplasmic membrane. Like the case for the two other RDases that have been cloned and sequenced, a small open reading frame, tceB, is proposed to be involved with membrane association of TCE-RDase and is predicted to be cotranscribed with tceA. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Magnuson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, K2-21,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 34 TC 178 Z9 179 U1 7 U2 52 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 66 IS 12 BP 5141 EP 5147 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.12.5141-5147.2000 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 404QP UT WOS:000167112400007 PM 11097881 ER PT J AU Yanase, DO Vogel, PS Warschaw, KE AF Yanase, DO Vogel, PS Warschaw, KE TI Red nodules on the arm of a patient with breast cancer - CD30-(Ki-1) large cell lymphoma (LCL). SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; CLINICAL-FEATURES C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Yanase, DO (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1559 EP + DI 10.1001/archderm.136.12.1559-a PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 383EA UT WOS:000165869100023 PM 11115175 ER PT J AU Smith, ME Pelletier, JP Daniels, R AF Smith, ME Pelletier, JP Daniels, R TI Pathologic quiz case - A large abdominal mass in an otherwise healthy 31-year-old man - Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENE FUSION; SPECTRUM; EMPHASIS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Combined Residency Training Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Smith, ME (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Combined Residency Training Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 124 IS 12 BP 1839 EP 1840 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 382ET UT WOS:000165810600028 PM 11100072 ER PT J AU Brenner, CN AF Brenner, CN TI Win, lose, or draw: Domestic politics and the crucible of war. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Brenner, CN (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1177/0095327X0002600213 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418EU UT WOS:000167878600012 ER PT J AU Dionne, MV Kruyer, WB Snyder, QC AF Dionne, MV Kruyer, WB Snyder, QC TI Results of holter monitoring US Air Force aircrew with ectopy on 12-lead electrocardiograms SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ectopy; arrhythmia; ECG; Holter; USAF; aircrew; asymptomatic ID HEART-DISEASE; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; PREMATURE BEATS; AGE; INDIVIDUALS; ARRHYTHMIAS; FREQUENCY AB Purpose: To evaluate the results of 24-h Hotter monitoring performed on healthy U.S. Air Force aircrew with asymptomatic ectopy on resting electrocardiograms (ECG). Methods: A historical review of the USAF Central ECG Library database was conducted on all Hotter studies completed for evaluation of ECG ectopy between 1 Jan 86 and 31 Dec 97. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between ectopy and the aeromedical dispositions of aircrew evaluated for incidental ECC ectopy. Results: During this period, 147,571 resting ECGs were submitted to the Aeromedical Consultation Service (ACS) for interpretation. The mean age of the subjects was 35 yr (range 19 to 57 yr). There were 480 24-h Hotter studies performed for ECG ectopy. Of these, 49% had normal or normal variant findings; another 11% were found acceptable for flying after normal treadmill testing and echocardiography. ACS evaluation was required for the remaining 40% of subjects. Overall, 4% were permanently disqualified, and 17% were lost to follow-up. Excluding subjects lost to follow-up, 95% of aircrew were returned to flying status (with or without a waiver). Conclusions: When controlled for age, no significant difference of aeromedical outcome was seen when comparing supraventricular and ventricular ectopy. Of the subjects, 51% had abnormal Hotter studies, but the vast majority were returned to flying. Results of this study provide information useful in further defining aircrew medical evaluation protocols for evaluation of asymptomatic ECC ectopy with Holter monitoring. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AFCI, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kruyer, WB (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AFCI, Aeromed Consultat Serv, 2705 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1190 EP 1196 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 378VA UT WOS:000165604400004 PM 11439717 ER PT J AU Niederauer, GG Slivka, MA Leatherbury, NC Korvick, DL Harroff, HH Ehler, WC Dunn, CJ Kieswetter, K AF Niederauer, GG Slivka, MA Leatherbury, NC Korvick, DL Harroff, HH Ehler, WC Dunn, CJ Kieswetter, K TI Evaluation of multiphase implants for repair of focal osteochondral defects in goats SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE (4-6) cartilage repair; resorbable polymer; ceramic; osteochondral; tissue engineering; mechanics ID BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER SCAFFOLDS; TISSUE-ENGINEERED CARTILAGE; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FEMORAL CARTILAGE; PERFUSION CULTURE; FIBER STRUCTURES; WEIGHT-BEARING; LESIONS; CHONDROCYTES AB The use of biodegradable scaffolds for articular cartilage repair has been investigated by numerous researchers. The objective of this screening study was to examine how the mechanical and physical properties of four multiphase implants can affect the cartilage healing response. Multiphase implant prototypes were prepared using poly(D,L)lactide-co-glycolide as the base material. PGA fibers (FR), 45S5 Bioglass(R) (BG) and medical grade calcium sulfate (MGCS) were used as additives to vary stiffness and chemical properties. Osteochondral defects (3 mm dia. and 4 mm in depth) were created bilaterally in the medial femoral condyle thigh-weight bearing) and the distal medial portion of the patellar groove (low-weight bearing) of 16 Spanish goats. Half of the implants were loaded with autologous costochondral chondrocytes. Defect sites (total n = 64, 4 sites/treatment) were randomly treated and allowed to heal for 16 weeks, fully weight bearing. At euthanasia, gross evaluations and biomechanical testing were conducted. Histological sections of the defect sites were stained with H and E, Safranin O/Fast Green or processed to analyze collagen architecture. Sections were semi-quantitatively scored for repair tissue structure. Qualitative evaluations showed that all groups had a high percentage of hyaline cartilage and good bony restoration, with new tissue integrating well with the native cartilage. Gross and histology scoring indicated a significantly higher score for defect healing in the condyle than in the patellar groove, but no difference in heating for implant types or addition/omission of cells was found. This investigation demonstrates that focal, osteochondral defects in caprine distal femurs treated with various implant constructs were repaired with hyaline-like cartilage and good underlying bone. The multiphase implants show potential for treatment of osteochondral defects and long-term studies need to be undertaken to confirm the longevity of the regenerated tissue. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 OsteoBiol Inc, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Lab Anim Resources, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lab Anim Resources Div, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. CJD Pharmacol Consultants LC, Richland, MI 49083 USA. RP Niederauer, GG (reprint author), OsteoBiol Inc, 12500 Network,Suite 112, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 68 TC 156 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 24 SI SI BP 2561 EP 2574 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00124-1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 363WY UT WOS:000089861700009 PM 11071606 ER PT J AU Holt, DT Crocker, M AF Holt, DT Crocker, M TI Prior negative experiences: their impact on computer training outcomes SO COMPUTERS & EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE computer training; adult learning ID VALIDITY AB This study examined how a person's negative experiences with computers prior to a training class interacted with their motivation to predict their performance in a computer class. Participants were 384 students who completed a computer course that was designed to introduce them to personal computers and a popular software package. Questionnaires were administered to the participants on the first day of the course to assess their prior negative experiences with computers, along with their computer attitudes, achievement motivation, and computer knowledge. Performance was measured objectively throughout the course with tests over the relevant material. Results indicated some evidence that the participants' pretraining motivation was moderated by their prior negative experiences when predicting test performance. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Management, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFIT ENV, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1315 J9 COMPUT EDUC JI Comput. Educ. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0360-1315(00)00043-9 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA 366PK UT WOS:000090013600004 ER PT J AU McNeil, JD Smith, DL Josephs, JD Frankel, H Mueller, D Muskat, P Jenkins, D AF McNeil, JD Smith, DL Josephs, JD Frankel, H Mueller, D Muskat, P Jenkins, D TI Measuring intra-abdominal pressure: A comparison of current methods to two novel techniques SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 12 SU S MA 380 BP A135 EP A135 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 388ZD UT WOS:000166212200382 ER PT J AU York, GB Smith, DL Josephs, JD AF York, GB Smith, DL Josephs, JD TI Comparison of jejunal and duodenal oximetry in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 12 SU S MA 405 BP A141 EP A141 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 388ZD UT WOS:000166212200406 ER PT J AU Whitecotton, RCA David, MB Darmody, RG Price, DL AF Whitecotton, RCA David, MB Darmody, RG Price, DL TI Impact of foot traffic from military training on soil and vegetation properties SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE United States Air Force Academy Jack's Valley Training Area; foot traffic; basic Cadet Training encampment area; recreational use; compaction; soil erosion ID ILLINOIS AB The impact of military training activities (primarily foot traffic) on soils and vegetation was assessed at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA. In May-June 1998 after 2 years of intensive training use, mean bulk densities of the top 6 cm of soil in the high-use site (1.37 g/cm(3)) and moderate-use site (1.30 g/cm(3)) were significantly different from bulk density of the reference site (1.04 g/cm(3)). Mean infiltration rates on the high use site (0.63 cm/min) and moderate use site (0.67 cm/min) were significantly different from the infiltration rate on the reference site (3.83 cm/min). Soil water holding capacities of the three sites were not significantly different. Descriptive comparisons of total aboveground biomass and litter indicated a 68% decrease in total aboveground biomass and a 91% decrease in litter when the high-use site was compared to the reference site. Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, an estimated soil erosion rate for the reference plot (0.07 tons/ha/yr) was 30 times less than the erosion rate for the high use plot in the center of the basic cadet training encampment area (2 tons/ha/yr) and between 7 and 6 times less than the moderate use plot and the high use plot on the edge of the encampment area (0.5 and 0.4 tons/ha/yr, respectively). Therefore, training use appears to adversely affect bulk density, infiltration, total aboveground biomass, litter, and erosion. Without implementation of restoration practices, further site degradation is likely. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Construct Engn Res Lab, Mil Lands Div, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Whitecotton, RCA (reprint author), USAF, Civil Engn & Serv Sch, Inst Technol, 2950 P St,Bldg 643, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 26 IS 6 BP 697 EP 706 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 368HQ UT WOS:000090112000010 ER PT J AU Crooker, NU Shodhan, S Gosling, JT Simmerer, J Lepping, RP Steinberg, JT Kahler, SW AF Crooker, NU Shodhan, S Gosling, JT Simmerer, J Lepping, RP Steinberg, JT Kahler, SW TI Density extremes in the solar wind SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTER-PLANETARY; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; FLUCTUATIONS; EVENTS; 1-AU; FLUX AB The largest density variations in the solar wind occur near the streamer belt, where frequently they are associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). They tend to be embedded in larger-scale regions of high pressure: high densities in ICME sheaths and corotating interaction regions and low densities in structures with distinctive, high-magnetic-pressure profiles, sometimes within ICMEs. On average, however, ICME densities are similar to ambient-wind densities. I;or a set of 34 ICMEs identified in Wind data as magnetic clouds, the average density was 11 cm(-3) in both the clouds and all slow wind during the same period. A set of low-density structures observed earlier by ISEE 3 recurred for three solar rotations, possibly owing to recurrence of the streamer belt itself, with its frequent transient outflows. Density averages less than 1 cm(-3) show a possible solar cycle variation which peaks 1-2 years prior to the peak of ICME signatures. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Crooker, NU (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 23 BP 3769 EP 3772 DI 10.1029/2000GL003788 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 379MQ UT WOS:000165646700003 ER PT J AU Troshichev, OA Lukianova, RY Papitashvili, VO Rich, FJ Rasmussen, O AF Troshichev, OA Lukianova, RY Papitashvili, VO Rich, FJ Rasmussen, O TI Polar cap index (PC) as a proxy for ionospheric electric field in the near-pole region. SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY QUANTITIES AB The ion drift measurements made by a number of DMSP satellites during some intervals in 1991, 1997, and 1998 are utilized for estimation of the ionospheric electric fields over the near-pole region; these estimates are then compared with the Polar Cap (PC) magnetic activity index obtained from ground geomagnetic observations at Qaanaaq (former Thule, Greenland) and Vostok (Antartica). The analysis shows that the polar cap electric field is primarily controlled by variations in the near-Earth's interplanetary electric field. The relationship between the polar cap ionosphelic electric field and the PC-index can be approximated by a quadratic polynomial. The polar cap ionospheric electric ic field tends to saturate at the asymptote of similar to 45-50 mV/m when the PC index reaches large positive values (PC > 10); the residual electric field (for near-zero interplanetary electric field applied to the Earth's magnetosphere) is similar to 12 mV/m. It is concluded that the PC-index can serve as a proxy of the ionospheric electric fields in the near-pole legion. C1 Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Danish Meteorol Inst, Solar Terr Div, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Troshichev, OA (reprint author), Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, 38 Bering Str, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. RI Lukianova, Renata/K-3293-2012; OI Papitashvili, Vladimir/0000-0001-6955-4894 NR 13 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 23 BP 3809 EP 3812 DI 10.1029/2000GL003756 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 379MQ UT WOS:000165646700013 ER PT J AU McCarthy, D AF McCarthy, D TI Prostaglandins, COX-2, and sensory perception SO GUT LA English DT Article ID INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; RAT; HYPERALGESIA; NEURONS; SYSTEM; BRAIN C1 USAF, VA NM Reg Fed Med Ctr IIF, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP McCarthy, D (reprint author), USAF, VA NM Reg Fed Med Ctr IIF, 2100 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 SU 4 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 380EX UT WOS:000165687600032 ER PT J AU Fu, BX Zhang, WH Hsiao, BS Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J Johansson, G Sauer, BB Phillips, S Balnski, R AF Fu, BX Zhang, WH Hsiao, BS Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J Johansson, G Sauer, BB Phillips, S Balnski, R TI Synthesis and characterization of segmented polyurethanes containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanostructured molecules SO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Garcia Materials Science Research and Engineering Center Workshop (MRSEC) CY FEB 16-17, 2000 CL GARCIA, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Atom Energy Res Inst, Korean Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn, Mat Sci Res & Engn Ctr ID COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS AB Segmented polyurethanes based on diphenylmethane-4.4'-diisocyanate and polytetramethylene glycol were synthesized using a mixture: of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-diol and 1,4-butanediol as chain extenders. The polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and tensile property tests. Microphase separation between the hard and soft segment domains was observed in all the samples by SAXS. The increase of the POSS concentration was found to weaken the microphase separation between the domains and increase the T-g of the soft segments. The WAXD results showed that when the POSS concentration was greater than 10 wt%, the 101 diffraction peak from the POSS crystals could be observed, which suggested the formation of POSS nanocrystals in the hard domain. The tensile property tests showed that polyurethanes containing the nanostructured POSS molecules had higher moduli, but lower maximum elongation ratios. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 10 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-0083 EI 1361-6412 J9 HIGH PERFORM POLYM JI High Perform. Polym. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 12 IS 4 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1088/0954-0083/12/4/311 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 387MA UT WOS:000166125300012 ER PT J AU Carrese, P AF Carrese, P TI The complexity, and principles, of the American founding: A response to Alan Gibson SO HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carrese, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 0143-781X J9 HIST POLIT THOUGHT JI Hist. Polit. Thought PD WIN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 711 EP 717 PG 7 WC History SC History GA 386WM UT WOS:000166087100006 ER PT J AU Marchis, F Prange, R Christou, J AF Marchis, F Prange, R Christou, J TI Adaptive Optics mapping of Io's volcanism in the thermal IR (3.8 mu m) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; volcanism; infrared observations; image processing ID HOT-SPOTS; IMAGES; DECONVOLUTION; RESTORATION; HOTSPOTS; ADONIS AB live opposite hemispheres of Io were observed on October 20 and 21, 1996, through an L' broadband filter, using the high-resolution capability of the Adaptive Optics (AO) system implemented on the ESO 3.6-m telescope at La Silla, Chile. These observations, performed at thermal wavelengths when Io is in daylight, have been carefully processed to improve the sharpness of the initial, diffraction-limited, images. The myopic deconvolution process used (idac) achieved an angular resolution estimated to be 0.15 arcsec, corresponding to a spatial resolution of -570 km on Io's dise at the time of the observations. The final images show a number of bright features which have been compared with the Galileo/NIMS data, the only data set with a comparable resolution available for the anti-Jovian side of the satellite as well as its Jupiter-facing side. Our maps of the hot spot distribution are quite consistent with the Galileo data. The Jupiter-facing side is dominated by emission from Loki, which accounts for similar to 25% of the total hot spot emission from that side land 45% of that we were able to resolve and identify), although Loki was in a phase of decreasing activity (but not yet quiescent), as derived from ground-based monitoring observations. A few more hot sources are detected, including Pele-Pillan. The other hemisphere is characterized by a large number of moderately bright hot spots which are distributed around Bosphorus Regio, These preliminary observations fully demonstrate the capabilities of an AO system coupled with a thermal camera to monitor the volcanic activity of lo, in terms of morphology as well as thermal output. These monitoring capabilities will become especially important when the Galileo mission ends. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Paris Sud, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Marchis, F (reprint author), European So Observ, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2000 VL 148 IS 2 BP 384 EP 396 DI 10.1006/icar.2000.6506 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391EA UT WOS:000166340100005 ER PT J AU Krause, LH Dichter, BK Knipp, DJ Ray, KP AF Krause, LH Dichter, BK Knipp, DJ Ray, KP TI The relationship between DSCS III sunlit surface charging and geomagnetic activity indices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID SPACECRAFT AB The authors report on a survey of correlations between DSCS III satellite sunlit surface charging data and tabulated values of selected geomagnetic activity indices. This study is driven by the motivation to find a set of indices that have the potential to be used as proxies for determining the presence (nowcasting) and likely onset (forecasting) of surface charging. DSCS III data were compared with the Dst, ap, and the Polar Cap indices for a study period covering day 229, 1995 through day 115, 1999. Results show that: 1) significant correlations (R-2 > 0.97) between average frame charging level and all three geomagnetic activity indices exist, and 2) the probability of charging events increases monotonically with increasing levels of geomagnetic activity until extreme levels are approached. It is postulated that during these extreme geomagnetic events, an anomalous source of neutralizing ions may be present at geosynchronous orbit either due to direct input from the solar wind or to ion outflow from the ionosphere. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Krause, LH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2224 EP 2230 DI 10.1109/23.903757 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300011 ER PT J AU Karna, SP Kurtz, HA Shedd, WM Pugh, RD AF Karna, SP Kurtz, HA Shedd, WM Pugh, RD TI Microscopic mechanisms of electron trapping by self-trapped holes and protons in amorphous SiO2 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID MOBILE PROTONS; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IRRADIATION AB The electronic structure mechanisms underlying the electron capture characteristics of oxide-trapped holes (OTHs) and stable protons in amorphous SiO2 are presented from first-principles Hartree-Fock calculations on model atomic clusters. The positive charge of the two species is found to have different spatial distribution, In the case of the OTHs, identified here with self-trapped holes (STHs), the positive charge is calculated to be localized on a bridging oxygen atom, creating a strong Coulombic attractive center for an electron. In contrast, the positive charge of a stable proton, is calculated to be delocalized over a large region of space, creating a weak Coulombic attractive center for an electron, Furthermore, the electron affinity for an STH is calculated to be much higher, by a factor of 35, than that for the protonated oxide complex. These results suggest that the probability of electron capture and recombination is much higher for an OTH than that for stable protons, explaining the recently observed difference in the electron-injected anneal characteristics of the two species in a-SiO2. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2311 EP 2315 DI 10.1109/23.903770 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300024 ER PT J AU Karna, SP Pineda, AC Pugh, RD Shedd, WM Oldham, TR AF Karna, SP Pineda, AC Pugh, RD Shedd, WM Oldham, TR TI Electronic structure theory and mechanisms of the oxide trapped hole annealing process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID SPIN-RESONANCE EVIDENCE; POSITIVE CHARGE; BORDER TRAPS; DEPENDENCE; SIO2 AB First principles quantum mechanical calculations on model SiO2 clusters support the Lelis model of reverse annealing in the oxide and provide the first electronic structure explanation of the process, suggesting that delocalized holes (E'(delta)centers) are annealed out permanently. Localized holes (E'(gamma)centers) form a metastable, dipolar complex, without restoring the Si-Si dimer bond upon electron trapping. In the presence of an applied negative field, these charge neutral, dipolar complexes, (E'gamma + e(-)), can readily release the weakly bonded electron, exhibiting a reverse annealing process. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL,SE,RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2316 EP 2321 DI 10.1109/23.903771 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300025 ER PT J AU Bernacki, S Hunt, K Tyson, S Hudgens, S Pashmakov, B Czubatyj, W AF Bernacki, S Hunt, K Tyson, S Hudgens, S Pashmakov, B Czubatyj, W TI Total dose radiation response and high temperature imprint characteristics of chalcogenide based RAM resistor elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE AB Chalcogenide thin film resistor elements are being integrated with CMOS structures for nonvolatile memory applications, This paper reports on the first total dose and imprint data published on this new technology demonstrating no observable effects on chalcogenide films after exposure to 1 Mrad(Si) and 125 degreesC temperature. C1 Raytheon Syst Co, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Ovonyx, Troy, MI 48084 USA. RP Bernacki, S (reprint author), Raytheon Syst Co, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. NR 9 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2528 EP 2533 DI 10.1109/23.903803 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300057 ER PT J AU Lai, ST Singh, N Peratt, AL AF Lai, ST Singh, N Peratt, AL TI Space weather - Guest editorial SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1783 EP 1785 DI 10.1109/TPS.2000.902207 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400001 ER PT J AU Jasperse, JR Grossbard, NJ AF Jasperse, JR Grossbard, NJ TI The Alfven-Falthammar formula for the parallel E-field and its analogue in downward auroral-current regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alfven-Falthammar formula; Birkeland current system; parallel E-fields in space plasmas ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; SPACE PLASMAS; WAVES; IONOSPHERE; BEAMS; LINES; LAYER AB In this paper, we give an alternative derivation of the Alfven-Falthammar formula for a positive parallel E-field in upward auroral-current regions and its analogue for a negative parallel E-field in downward auroral-current regions. These formulas give nerv insight into the physics of the Birkeland current system. We find that for downward auroral-current regions, the velocity-space anisotropy in the ion distribution function is such that half the ion energy perpendicular to the magnetic field is greater than the ion energy parallel to the magnetic field. This is just opposite to the case for up ward auroral-current regions, These results are compared to recent particle-in-cell simulations and FREJA satellite data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Jasperse, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1874 EP 1886 DI 10.1109/27.902216 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400010 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Maynard, NC AF Burke, WJ Maynard, NC TI Satellite observations of electric fields in the inner magnetosphere and their effects in the mid-to-low latitude ionosphere SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electric fields; magnetospheric plasma; plasma transport; ring current ID 24 MARCH 1991; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC STORM; DRIFT ECHOES; RING CURRENT; LARGE-SCALE; JUNE 4-6; CRRES; SIMULATION; DMSP AB During geomagnetic disturbances, momentum and energy are transferred ill significant quantities from interplanetary space to the magnetosphere-ionosphere system through the mediation of charged particles and electric fields, The most dramatic manifestations occur in the plasma sheet and the conjugate am oral ionosphere. However, electric fields observed during magnetic storms also penetrate the inner magnetosphere that maps to subauroral latitudes in the ionosphere, For example, a sudden commencement shock wave initiating the March 1991 magnetic storm created a new radiation belt within minutes. Particle and held measurements by Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) near the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere and by Defense Meteorolgical Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites in the topside ionosphere during the magnetic storm of June 1991 indicate that penetration electric fields energized the stormtime ring current and rapidly transported plasma within subauroral ion drift (SAID) structures at midlatitudes and in upward drafting plasma bubbles at low latitudes. Through enhanced transport or chemical reactions, the SAIDs dug. deep plasma troughs at topside altitudes, Equatorial plasma bubbles developed while the ring current was unable to shield the electric field from the innermost magnetosphere. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1903 EP 1911 DI 10.1109/27.902218 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400012 ER PT J AU Rothwell, PL Silevitch, MB Block, LP Falthammar, CG AF Rothwell, PL Silevitch, MB Block, LP Falthammar, CG TI The role of O+ ions in channeling solar wind energy to the ionosphere SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alfven waves; auroral arcs; ionosphere; magnetosphere ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; AURORAL ARCS; MAGNETOSPHERE; PULSATIONS; CURRENTS; GEOMETRY; MODEL; WAVES AB In space weather prediction, the transport of solar wind energy through the magnetosphere is a major aspect. For the transport of energy from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere, magnetic field-aligned (Birkeland) currents are a very important agent. In the present paper, we discuss the role of O+ ions for driving field-aligned currents of spatially alternating polarity that may explain multiple auroral arcs, It is known from earlier work that nonadiabatic motion of O+ ions in the magnetotail plasma can lead to the formation of density striations that are stationary in the GSM frame, As the magnetospheric plasma drifts through these density striations, magnetic field-aligned currents of alternating signs are forced to flow in and out of the oxygen-rich region to maintain quasineutrality. This generates Alfven waves that propagate in the drifting plasma but can form stationary structures in the GSM frame. As the currents close in the ionosphere, the equatorial plasma constitutes a generator from which spatially alternating magnetic field-aligned currents carry energy to the ionospheric load, The wavelength of the density striations, mapped to the ionosphere, is compatible with the spacing of stable auroral arcs, and the power supplied by the equatorial generator region is estimated to be compatible with what is needed to drive auroral arcs, Thus, the consequences of nonadiabatic motion of O+ ions may explain how part of the energy extracted from the solar wind is channeled into multiple auroral arcs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Northeastern Univ, Ctr Electromagnet Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Div Plasma Phys, Alfven Lab, Stockholm 70, Sweden. RP Rothwell, PL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1912 EP 1919 DI 10.1109/27.902219 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400013 ER PT J AU Lai, ST AF Lai, ST TI The Mott transition as a cause of anomalies on spacecraft SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deep dielectric charging; Mott transition; space weather; spacecraft anomaly AB In the Mott transition, an insulator with a critically high donor density undergoes a sudden transition to become a conductor. On the other hand, it is known that sufficiently high electric fields applied to dielectrics at ordinary charge densities can cause breakdown. We conjecture that the critical donor density can be lowered by applying high electric fields to the insulators. Using a simple model encompassing the concepts of Debye, Poole, and Frenkel, we have obtained a continuous curve connecting the two critical points, viz,. critical density and critical field. The motivation of this work is spacecraft anomalies. We briefly review the circumstances of the most notable spacecraft failures in recent gears. although the true causes of the failures are probably system design specific and will probably never be known, it is likely that the failures were due to breakdowns or discharges in semiconductors or dielectrics, II radiated dielectrics and semiconductors have defects and dangling bonds playing the role of donors. High electric fields are built by electrons deposited inside the dielectrics, With the use of the curve obtained, we conclude that the insulator-conductor transition can occur at lower donor densities and lower electric fields than previously thought. C1 USAF, Geophys Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Geophys Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 2097 EP 2102 DI 10.1109/27.902236 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400030 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Barker, RJ Zhu, DJ Yan, Y Gao, H AF Liu, SG Barker, RJ Zhu, DJ Yan, Y Gao, H TI Basic theoretical formulations of plasma microwave electronics - Part I: A fluid model analysis of electron beam-wave interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE backward-wave oscillator; fluid model; gyrotron; plasma-fill; plasma microwave electronics ID HIGH-POWER; OSCILLATOR; LASER; INSTABILITY; AMPLIFIER AB This two-part paper presents the first complete. generalized basic theoretical formulation for electron beam-wave interactions in a plasma-filled (corrugated or smooth-walled) waveguide immersed in a finite magnetic field. The general interaction and dispersion equations of the longitudinal and transverse interactions in both smooth and corrugated magnetized plasma-filled waveguides (HPWs) are formulated. Our approach differs from that of previous investigators in that we begin by first deriving the dispersion relation of an MPW and then using the resulting electromagnetic fields, which embody the plasma effects, as the basis field vectors, We then investigate the underlying interactions with a superimposed electron-beam in a variety of;microwave device configurations. For example, we examine plasma Cherenkov radiation, the plasma-filled travelling-wave-tube/backward-wave-oscillator (TWT/BWO), the plasma-filled electron cyclotron resonance maser (ECRM), and other beam-wale interactions including those involving ion-channels. Some possible new interactions in a magnetized plasma-filled waveguide (MPW) are proposed, A detailed discussion and analysis of the important physical role of the plasma background are given, Many interesting features of beam-wave interactions in an MPW are pointed out, three of them being most essential, One is that transverse interactions are always accompanied by longitudinal interactions, The second is that the magnetized plasma itself is strongly involved in the interaction mechanisms via an additional component of the held, The third interesting feature is that the plasma-filled ECRM prefers to operate at high cyclotron harmonics. The first part of this two-part paper presents formulations using a fluid model for both the plasma and the beam. It also includes a detailed treatment of the physical effects of the ion channel that is formed in the plasma by an intense electron beam. Part II extends the analyzes by retaining a fluid treatment for the plasma-fill but substituting a kinetic theory treatment for the electron beam, This kinetic theory model should be used when the velocity spread of the beam's electrons must be taken into account. The theory presented in both parts of this paper is based upon the "given field" approach that has been widely used successfully in science and technology, in particular in microwave electronics, In both parts of the paper, sample numerical calculations are also presented in order to illustrate the physics. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 2135 EP 2151 DI 10.1109/27.902241 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400035 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Barker, RJ Yan, Y Zhu, DJ AF Liu, SG Barker, RJ Yan, Y Zhu, DJ TI Basic theoretical formulation of plasma microwave electronics - Part II: Kinetic theory of electron beam-wave interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron cyclotron maser; gyrotron; kinetic theory; plasma-filled; plasma microwave electronics ID CYCLOTRON AB Building upon the theoretical foundations presented in Part I of this paper, the kinetic theory of electron-beam-wave interactions in a magnetized plasma-filled waveguide (MPW) is presented in this second part. This kinetic theory treatment is more generally applicable to cases of less-intense electron-beams (Montgomery and Tidman, 1964), The dispersion relations for longitudinal and transverse interactions, in both smooth and corrugated waveguides, are all derived by using kinetic theory to model the c-beam dynamics. This includes kinetic theory treatments of the plasma tilled electron cyclotron resonance maser (ECRM) and a combination of Cherenkov-Cyclotron resonance phenomena, It is important to note that in an MPW transverse interactions (e.g,, ECRM interactions) are always coupled with longitudinal interactions. Using the kinetic treatment is essential for studying the ECRM because its energy conversion mechanism is based on azimuthal phase hunching and finite Larmor radius effects, The dispersion relation that we derive shows that the presence of a plasma-fill tends to increase the growth rate of the waveguide mode ECRM instability. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, Peoples R China. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 2152 EP 2165 DI 10.1109/27.902242 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400036 ER PT J AU Chapa, JO Rao, RM AF Chapa, JO Rao, RM TI Algorithms for designing wavelets to match a specified signal SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 96) CY MAY 07-10, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP IEEE, Signal Proc Soc DE bandlimited wavelets; constrained optimization; matched wavelets; orthonormal wavelets ID ORTHONORMAL BASES; MULTIRESOLUTION; REPRESENTATION; TRANSFORM; FILTERS AB Algorithms for designing a mother wavelet psi (x) such that it matches a signal of interest and such that the family of wavelets {2(-(j/2))psi (2(-j)x - k)} forms an orthonormal Riesz basis of L-2(R) are developed, The algorithms are based on a closed form solution for finding the scaling function spectrum from the wavelet spectrum, Many applications of signal representation, adaptive coding and pattern recognition ri:quire wavelets that are matched to a signal of interest. Most current design techniques, however, do not design the wavelet directly, They either build a composite wavelet from a library of previously designed wavelets, modify the bases in an existing multiresolution analysis or design a scaling function that generates a multiresolution analysis with some desired properties, In this paper, two sets of equations are developed that allow us to design the wavelet directly from the signal of interest. Both sets impose bandlimitedness, resulting id closed form solutions. The first set derives expressions for continuous matched wavelet spectrum amplitudes. The second set of equations provides a direct discrete algorithm for calculating close approximations to the optimal complex wavelet spectrum. The discrete solution for the matched wavelet spectrum amplitude is identical to that of the continuous solution at the sampled frequencies, An interesting byproduct of this work is the result that Meyer's spectrum amplitude construction for an orthonormal bandlimited wavelet is not only sufficient but necessary Specific examples are given which demonstrate the performance of the wavelet matching algorithms for both known orthonormal wavelets and arbitrary signals. C1 USAF, Mat Command, Elect Syst Ctr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Dept Elect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Chapa, JO (reprint author), USAF, Mat Command, Elect Syst Ctr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 31 TC 71 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 12 BP 3395 EP 3406 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 378AT UT WOS:000165559600013 ER PT J AU Akerson, JJ Yang, YCE Hara, Y Wu, BI Kong, JA AF Akerson, JJ Yang, YCE Hara, Y Wu, BI Kong, JA TI Automatic phase unwrapping algorithms in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE SAR interferometry; phase unwrapping; height inversion ID MAPS AB In Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), phase unwrapping holds the key to accurate inversion of digital elevation data. Two new techniques are introduced in this paper that can perform automatic phase unwrapping. The first one is an "optimal" branch-cut algorithm and the second one a hybrid branch-cut/least-square technique, in which pole locations form the weighting basis for the weighted least-square approach. Application of both techniques to ERS-1 data indicates that the height inversion errors are comparable and offer over fifty percent reduction in root mean square (rms) height error compared to the straight least squares method and over thirty-five percent reduction in rms height error compared to the weighted least squares method based on coherence data weighting schemes. The hybrid technique is especially appealing due to its computational efficiency and robustness when compared to traditional branch-cut algorithms. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Rannoch Corp, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Kamakura Works, Kamakura, Kanagawa 2478520, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Akerson, JJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jerry.akerson@usafa.af.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD DEC PY 2000 VL E83C IS 12 BP 1896 EP 1904 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 387VW UT WOS:000166143400017 ER PT J AU O'Neill, JC Turner, EC AF O'Neill, JC Turner, EC TI Test elements in direct products of groups SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article AB We characterize test elements in the commutator subgroup of a direct product of certain groups in terms of test elements of the factors. This provides explicit examples of test elements in direct products whose factors are free groups or surface groups and a tool for doing the same for torsion free hyperbolic factors. C1 USAF Acad, DFMS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Math, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP O'Neill, JC (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFMS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1967 J9 INT J ALGEBR COMPUT JI Int. J. Algebr. Comput. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 10 IS 6 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1142/S0218196700000388 PG 6 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 393JX UT WOS:000166466400005 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR Ree, MJ AF Carretta, TR Ree, MJ TI General and specific cognitive and psychomotor abilities in personnel selection: The prediction of training and job performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID OFFICER QUALIFYING TEST; RANGE RESTRICTION; PILOT SELECTION; VALIDITY; SUCCESS; UTILITY; ASVAB; COMPONENTS; CRITERION; BATTERY AB Use of ability tests in personnel selection is addressed beginning with methodological issues. Studies are reviewed that show that almost all the validity of cognitive tests comes from general cognitive ability, g. Psychomotor ability is reviewed and found to have both higher- and lower-order factors, contrary to long-held beliefs. It was found that the higher-order general psychomotor factor was one source of validity of psychomotor tests. Additionally, psychomotor tests were shown to contain measures of g and to increment the validity of g-based measures very little. C1 AFRL, HECI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), AFRL, HECI, 2210 8th St,Area B,Bldg 146,Room 122, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-075X J9 INT J SELECT ASSESS JI Int. J. Sel. Assess. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 8 IS 4 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1111/1468-2389.00152 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 385QV UT WOS:000166015900006 ER PT J AU Scroggie, DA Harris, M Sakai, L AF Scroggie, DA Harris, M Sakai, L TI Rhabdomyolysis associated with nutritional supplement use SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhabdomyolysis; nutritional supplement; adverse reactions ID INGESTION; DRUG AB The use of alternative medicine in the United States has increased over the past 2 decades. With increasing use, the possibility of toxicity also increases. We report two cases of rhabdomyolysis related to the use of two nutritional supplements: Diet Fuel and GlutaMASS. Each of these patients was a young, healthy male who was on a steady training regimen. A review of the literature and of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's database revealed several reports of serious adverse events associated with these supplements and their ingredients. We hypothesize that the use of the supplements combined with normal physical training activities resulted in serious muscle injury. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Scroggie, DA (reprint author), 759 MDOS MMIR,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 6 IS 6 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1097/00124743-200012000-00006 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 389VH UT WOS:000166259000007 PM 19078495 ER PT J AU Elhamri, S Saxler, A Mitchel, WC Elsass, CR Smorchkova, IP Heying, B Haus, E Fini, P Ibbetson, JP Keller, S Petroff, PM DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Speck, JS AF Elhamri, S Saxler, A Mitchel, WC Elsass, CR Smorchkova, IP Heying, B Haus, E Fini, P Ibbetson, JP Keller, S Petroff, PM DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Speck, JS TI Persistent photoconductivity study in a high mobility AlGaN/GaN heterostructure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE GAN; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; QUANTUM-WELLS; ALXGA1-XN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; EFFECTIVE-MASS; MODULATION; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; ENHANCEMENT AB We have used the Shubnikov-de Haas and the Hill effects to investigate the effect of subband gap illumination on the transport properties of a very high mobility, mu = 54 000 cm(2)/V s at T = 1.2 K, Al0.09GaN0.91/GaN heterostructure. We have found that this illumination resulted in a photocurrent that was persistent at low temperatures. This photocurrent, which led to an increase in the carrier density, was used to study the dependence of the mobility and the quantum scattering time on the carrier density. Unlike in previous studies of persistent photoconductivity in GaN and AlGaN/GaN by other researchers, we have found that the mobility did not always increase with the carrier density as a result of illumination. For small duration of illumination, the mobility increased with the carrier density. However additional illumination resulted in a decrease of the mobility despite the increase in the carrier density. We believe that screening is responsible for the initial increase in the mobility, while ionization of defects in GaN, interface charges, and alloy disorder may be responsible for the eventual decrease in the mobility. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)01524-3]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Elhamri, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 11 BP 6583 EP 6588 DI 10.1063/1.1322386 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 377TW UT WOS:000165543200069 ER PT J AU Koberg, C Chesley, JA Heppard, KA AF Koberg, C Chesley, JA Heppard, KA TI Adaptive latitude: Environment, organization, and individual influences SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRATEGIC CHANGE; TOP MANAGEMENT; GENERIC STRATEGIES; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; ADAPTATION; PERFORMANCE; UNCERTAINTY; TECHNOLOGY; RESPONSES; INDUSTRY AB This study examines a hierarchy of adaptive latitude and the influence of environmental, organizational and managerial characteristics on firm adaptation across thee industries (aerospace, electronic components, and paper products). Results show that environmental characteristics had the greatest impact on adaptive latitude,followed by organizational characteristics. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Heppard, KA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H94, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0148-2963 J9 J BUS RES JI J. Bus. Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 50 IS 3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00020-X PG 14 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 372UP UT WOS:000165252700004 ER PT J AU Kwon, HK Eiting, CJ Lambert, DJH Wong, MM Shelton, BS Zhu, TG Liliental-Weber, Z Benamura, M Dupuis, RD AF Kwon, HK Eiting, CJ Lambert, DJH Wong, MM Shelton, BS Zhu, TG Liliental-Weber, Z Benamura, M Dupuis, RD TI Time-resolved photoluminescence study of GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (ICMOVPE-X) CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Res Ctr Interface Quantum Electr, Hokkaido Univ, Asahi Glass Fdn, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Inoue Fdn Sci, Izumi Fdn Sci & Technol, Nippon Steel Glass Fdn Mat Sci, Ogasawara Fdn Sci & Technol, Sapporo City Int Plaza, Air Water Corp, AIXTRON AG, Daido Air Prod Electr Co Ltd, Eiko Engn Corp, EMF Ltd, EPICHEM Ltd, Furukawa Elect Corp, Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Cable Ltd, Hitachi Plant Engn & Construct Co Ltd, Int Quantum Epitaxy Plc, Kyoto Semicond Corp, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Mitsubishi Chem Co Ltd, MOCHEM GmbH, NEC Corp, Nichic Chem Co Ltd, Nippon Sanso Corp, NTT Bas Res Lab, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, Rohm Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyada Gossei Co Ltd, Ube Ind Ltd HO HOKKAIDO UNIV DE time-resolved photoluminescence; GaN; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; atomic force microscopy; photoluminescence ID DONOR-BOUND EXCITON; RECOMBINATION; SAPPHIRE; EPITAXY; FILMS AB We have investigated the time decay of the photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature of high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) GaN epitaxial layers grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. For undoped and Si-doped HQ GaN, the full-width at half-maximum of the (1 0 2) X-ray diffraction curve is 562 and 427 arcsec and the dislocation density is 4 x 10(8) and 2 x 10(8) cm (- 2), respectively. It is found that the PL of HQ GaN has a higher intensity and decays slower than that of LQ GaN. The PL decay time is found to be much longer in HQ GaN. The dual-exponential decay times are 50 and 250 ps for undoped HQ GaN, and 150 and 740 ps for Si-doped HQ GaN. To our knowledge, the decay times of 150 and 740 ps are the longest ever reported in GaN thin films at room temperature. Furthermore, the characteristics of PL decay with different excitation intensities and laser beam focusing conditions are also reported. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, PRC, MERB, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dupuis, RD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, PRC, MERB, 1-606D-R9900, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2000 VL 221 BP 240 EP 245 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 394AG UT WOS:000166501400041 ER PT J AU Sinharoy, S Stan, MA Pal, AM Weizer, VG Smith, MA Wilt, DM Reinhardt, K AF Sinharoy, S Stan, MA Pal, AM Weizer, VG Smith, MA Wilt, DM Reinhardt, K TI MOVPE growth of lattice-mismatched Al0.88In0.12As on GaAs (100) for space solar cell applications SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (ICMOVPE-X) CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Res Ctr Interface Quantum Electr, Hokkaido Univ, Asahi Glass Fdn, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Inoue Fdn Sci, Izumi Fdn Sci & Technol, Nippon Steel Glass Fdn Mat Sci, Ogasawara Fdn Sci & Technol, Sapporo City Int Plaza, Air Water Corp, AIXTRON AG, Daido Air Prod Electr Co Ltd, Eiko Engn Corp, EMF Ltd, EPICHEM Ltd, Furukawa Elect Corp, Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Cable Ltd, Hitachi Plant Engn & Construct Co Ltd, Int Quantum Epitaxy Plc, Kyoto Semicond Corp, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Mitsubishi Chem Co Ltd, MOCHEM GmbH, NEC Corp, Nichic Chem Co Ltd, Nippon Sanso Corp, NTT Bas Res Lab, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, Rohm Co Ltd, Sony Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyada Gossei Co Ltd, Ube Ind Ltd HO HOKKAIDO UNIV DE AlInAs; GaAs; MOCVD; solar cell; lattice-mismatch ID EPITAXY AB We report, for the first time, the growth and characterization of lattice-mismatched Al0.88In0.12As on GaAs (1 0 0) as part of a program to develop a high-efficiency, triple-junction space solar cell. The expected practical efficiency of this cell is 31%. The proposed triple-junction cell consists of a 2.1 -eV Al0.88In0.12As top cell, a 1.6 -eV In0.48Ga0.52As0.23P0.77 middle cell, and a 1.2 -eV In0.13Ga0.87As bottom cell. The Al0.88In0.12As layers were grown on GaAs(100) wafers cut 6 degrees off-axis. using metal organic precursors trimethylaluminum, trimethylindium and the hydride arsine in a horizontal, reduced-pressure metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor. Crystalline quality was evaluated through triple-axis X-ray diffractometry. Reciprocal lattice mapping showed that the Al0.88In0.12As layers were relaxed to a large extent, and were of high crystalline quality. Doping was performed using silane (n-type) and diethylzinc (p-type). Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and electrochemical C-V profiling showed that it was possible to obtain abrupt doping profiles to the levels required for solar cell fabrication. Details of these results and those of dislocation density measurement using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are described in this paper. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Essential Res Inc, Cleveland, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sinharoy, S (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,Mail Stop 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2000 VL 221 BP 683 EP 687 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00800-9 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 394AG UT WOS:000166501400122 ER PT J AU Jackman, SV Bishoff, JT AF Jackman, SV Bishoff, JT TI Laparoscopic retroperitoneal renal biopsy SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Histologic information can be pivotal in making treatment decisions. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy is the current standard, but if this procedure fails or is considered to be high risk, laparoscopic biopsy may be appropriate, A CT or ultrasound scan is obtained to determine whether there is any condition that would mandate biopsy of a particular kidney, The retroperitoneal space is entered with a visual obturator, and, after CO2 insufflation to 15 to 20 mm Hg, the space is enlarged initially by blunt dissection with the laparoscope. Two-tooth biopsy forceps are used to obtain tissue, and hemostasis is achieved with the argon beam coagulator with care to vent the increased pressure created by the flow of gas. Postoperatively, specific attention is given to blood pressure control, Hemorrhage is the most common serious complication, so any anticoagulation regimen must be reinstituted cautiously. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMKU, Endourol Sect, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Bishoff, JT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMKU, Endourol Sect, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10 BP 833 EP 838 DI 10.1089/end.2000.14.833 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 390XB UT WOS:000166324100018 PM 11206617 ER PT J AU Shiokawa, K Otsuka, Y Ogawa, T Igarashi, K Miyazaki, S Rich, FJ Saito, A Yumoto, Y AF Shiokawa, K Otsuka, Y Ogawa, T Igarashi, K Miyazaki, S Rich, FJ Saito, A Yumoto, Y TI Comprehensive imaging observations of midlatitude ionospheric disturbances during storm time substorms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; AURORAL RED ARCS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORM; GRAVITY-WAVES; LOW LATITUDES; GPS NETWORK; FIELDS; PERTURBATIONS; SATELLITE AB This paper reports comprehensive imaging observations of 630-nm airglow enhancements and related phenomena in the nighttime F region over Japan. We found two events during which the airglow intensity increases up to 300 R at the lower-latitude side of Japan associated with storm time substorms of August 26; 1998, and February 18, 1999. Total electron content (TEC) observations by more than 900 GPS receivers over Japan show a clear TEC enhancement of similar to 10-40 Ya at latitudes below 40 degrees, which coincides with the airglow enhancements and the substorms. On the other hand, 2-MHz virtual heights obtained by bottomside sounding at four ionosonde stations show equatorward moving large-scale structures! which do not coincide with the air glow enhancements. Vertical ion drift data at an altitude of similar to 800 km obtained by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites show upward ion motion in midlatitudes just. after the substorm onset for the February event. These observations suggest, that the midlatitude airglow and TEC enhancements are caused by upward electron motion (fountain) in the low latitudes due to penetration of eastward electric field associated with the storm time substorms. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. Commun Res Lab, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. Geog Survey Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Space Models Branch, Hansom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch, Div Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shiokawa, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. RI MIYAZAKI, Shin'ichi/M-1202-2015 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A12 BP 27067 EP 27080 DI 10.1029/2000JA900099 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386BL UT WOS:000166040200001 ER PT J AU Ballatore, P Lanzerotti, LJ Lu, G Knipp, DJ AF Ballatore, P Lanzerotti, LJ Lu, G Knipp, DJ TI Relationship between the Northern Hemisphere Joule heating and geomagnetic activity in the southern polar cap SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDEX; IONOSPHERE; MAGNETOSPHERE; THERMOSPHERE; LATITUDES AB One of the most important effects from the coupling of the solar wind to the magnetosphere-ionosphere system is the Joule heating (JH) of the atmosphere that is produced by the energy dissipation of ionospheric currents and geomagnetic field-aligned precipitating particles. At present, the most commonly used technique to estimate the global JH rate is the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure. Here we describe a study of the relationship of the Northern Hemisphere JH and the Southern Hemisphere polar geomagnetic index AES-80 during a magnetic storm on October 18-23, 1995 ( when both quantities are available). The purpose is to study the effects of the Northern-Southern Hemispherical asymmetry on the correlation between JH and geomagnetic indices. Our results confirm a higher contribution to JH from regions associated with eastward currents. Moreover, we find that the best correspondence between the northern JH and the AES-80 occurs during negative interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B-z and B-y conditions. We discuss how this result is in agreement with the magnetospheric-ionospheric model that considers, during negative IMF B-z and B-y, an increase of conductance in the regions associated with eastward currents in the Northern Hemisphere. Our observations related to the best estimation of Southern Hemisphere JH are in agreement with the same model too. Wie also find a "saturation" effect for large values of northern JH: the JH-AES-80 correlation breaks down for intervals with JH > 190 gigawatt (GW), during the highest geomagnetic perturbations, and a negative IMF B-z that exceeds -20 nT. This "saturation" is in part attributed to the onset of hemispherical asymmetry due to the solar wind pressure with respect to the Earth-dipole orientation under severe storm conditions. C1 CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans, France. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, UCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Ballatore, P (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Ave Rech Sci, F-45071 Orleans, France. RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A12 BP 27167 EP 27177 DI 10.1029/1999JA000390 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386BL UT WOS:000166040200009 ER PT J AU Shodhan, S Crooker, NU Kahler, SW Fitzenreiter, RJ Larson, DE Lepping, RP Siscoe, GL Gosling, JT AF Shodhan, S Crooker, NU Kahler, SW Fitzenreiter, RJ Larson, DE Lepping, RP Siscoe, GL Gosling, JT TI Counterstreaming electrons in magnetic clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; HEAT-FLUX DROPOUTS; SOLAR-WIND; FIELD; TOPOLOGY; RECONNECTION; EVENTS; SHOCK AB Two widely used signatures of interplanetary coronal mass ejections are counterstreaming suprathermal electrons, implying magnetic structures connected to the Sun at both ends, and magnetic clouds, characterized by large-scale field rotations, low temperature, and high field strength. In order to determine to what extent these signatures coincide, electron heat flux data were examined for 14 magnetic clouds detected by ISEE 3 and IMP 8 near solar maximum and 34 clouds detected by Wind near solar minimum. The percentage of time during each cloud passage that counterstreaming electrons were detected varied widely, from 6 clouds with essentially no counterstreaming to 8 clouds with nearly 100% counterstreaming. All of the former but less than half of the latter occurred near solar minimum, suggesting a possible solar cycle dependence on the degree of magnetic openness. The counterstreaming intervals were distributed randomly throughout the clouds, with a median length of 2.5 hours. A plot of counterstreaming percentages against cloud diameter for 33 clouds modeled as cylindrical flux ropes indicates a linear dependence of the percentage of closed flux on cloud size, with the largest clouds being the most closed. Overall the results are consistent with the view that although magnetic field lines within a magnetic cloud can form a large-scale, coherent structure, reconnection in remote regions of the structure, presumably near the Sun, sporadically alters its topology fi om closed to open until the cloud assimilates into the ambient solar wind. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shodhan, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM shodhan@.bu.edu; crooker@bu.edu; kahler@plh.af.mil; u3rjf@leprjf.gsfc.nasa.gov; davin@ssl.berkeley.edu; rpl@leprpl.gsfc.nasa.gov; siscoe@bu.edu; jgosling@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A12 BP 27261 EP 27268 DI 10.1029/2000JA000060 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386BL UT WOS:000166040200015 ER PT J AU Ober, DM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Moen, J Egeland, A Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Weber, EJ Scudder, JD AF Ober, DM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Moen, J Egeland, A Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Weber, EJ Scudder, JD TI Mapping prenoon auroral structures to the magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; PLASMA INSTRUMENT; LOW-ALTITUDE; CONVECTION; ELECTRON; IMF; SPACECRAFT; MORPHOLOGY AB All-sky auroral images acquired at Ny-Alesund were used in conjunction with observations of a Polar overflight on November 30, 1997, to determine where prenoon, 0900-1000 magnetic local time (MLT) auroral structures map to the outer magnetosphere. Polar observations at midaltitudes are used to constrain the mapping between the aurora and the magnetosphere. The Tsyganenko 96 magnetic field model (T96), driven by interplanetary conditions and Dsr, is used for that mapping. When the T96 model is driven by conditions on this day, the open/closed field line boundary maps 2-3 degrees lower in latitude than observed for this day. By making an ad hoc adjustment to match the location of the model open/closed field line boundary to observations, we find that the agreement with other aspects of the observations is also improved. These include (1) Polar observations of the dayside extension of the boundary plasma sheet (BPS) (structured low-energy electrons, detected in a region of sunward convection and region 1 field-aligned currents) mapped to the ionosphere in a region of discrete aurora, (2) Polar observations of the central plasma sheet thigh-energy electron precipitation) maps to diffuse green auroral emissions equatorward of the discrete aurora, and (3) Polar electric field observations are consistent with convective motions of the auroral forms and changing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. When the all-sky images are mapped into the magnetosphere, we find that the discrete aurora identified with the BPS mapped to the outer dawnside edge of the magnetosphere. This mapping indicates that earlier Geotail, reports of a sunward flowing mixing region in the equatorial magnetosphere [Fujimoto et al., 1998] is really within the dayside extension of the BPS, compatible with both the low-altitude BPS observations of Newell and Meng [1992] and type 4 dayside aurora of Sandholt et al. [1998]. Since the Polar observations place the sunward flowing mixing region as a source of region 1 currents for this IMF By positive case [Farrugia et al., this issue], these results extend the;source of the region 1 currents from the antisunward flowing low-latitude boundary layer into the sunward flowing BPS, commensurate with Yamauchi et al. [1998] and Sonnerup [1980]. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Courses Svalbard, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Norway. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Ober, DM (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH USA. EM Dan.Ober@mrcnh.com; charlie.farrugia@unh.edu RI Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013 OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A12 BP 27519 EP 27530 DI 10.1029/2000JA000009 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386BL UT WOS:000166040200039 ER PT J AU Farrugia, CJ Sandholt, PE Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Ober, DM Moen, J Russell, CT AF Farrugia, CJ Sandholt, PE Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Scudder, JD Ober, DM Moen, J Russell, CT TI Pulsating midmorning auroral arcs, filamentation of a mixing region in a flank boundary layer, and ULF waves observed during a Polar-Svalbard conjunction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; PLASMA SHEET; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; ALIGNED CURRENTS; LOW ALTITUDE; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOSHEATH; IMF AB Magnetically conjugate observations by the HYDRA and the Magnetic Field Experiment instruments on Polar, meridian-scanning photometers and all-sky imagers at Ny-Alesund, and International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometers on November 30, 1997, illustrate aspects of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling at 0900-1000 magnetic local times (MLT) and 70 degrees -80 degrees magnetic latitudes and their dependence on interplanetary parameters. Initially, Polar crossed a boundary layer on closed field lines where magnetospheric and magnetosheath plasmas are mixed. This region contains filaments where magnetospheric electron and ion fluxes are enhanced. These filaments are associated with field-aligned current structures embedded within the large-scale region I (R1) current. Ground auroral imagery document the presence at this time of discrete, east-west aligned arcs, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the filaments. Temporal variations present in these auroral arcs correlate with Pc 5 pulsations and are probably related to modulations in the interplanetary electric field. The auroral observations indicate that the filamented mixing region persisted for many tens of minutes, suggesting a spatial structuring. The data suggest further that the filamented, mixing region is an important source of the RI current and the associated midmorning arcs. When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turned strongly north, Polar had entered the dayside extension of the central plasma sheet/region 2 current system where it and the underlying ground magnetometers recorded a clear field line resonance of frequency similar to2.4 mHz (Pc 5 range). The source of these oscillations is most likely the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Subsequent to the IMF northward turning, the multiple arcs were replaced by a single auroral form to the north of Ny-Angstrom lesund (at 1000 MLT) in the vicinity of the westward edge of the cusp. ULF pulsation activity changed to the Pc 3-4 range in the regime of the pulsating diffuse aurora when the IMF went to an approximately Parker spiral orientation and the ground stations had rotated into the MLT sector of cusp emissions. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Courses Svalbard, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Norway. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Farrugia, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Morse Hall,Room 414,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013 OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A12 BP 27531 EP 27553 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386BL UT WOS:000166040200040 ER PT J AU Oksavik, K Soraas, F Moen, J Burke, WJ AF Oksavik, K Soraas, F Moen, J Burke, WJ TI Optical and particle signatures of magnetospheric boundary layers near magnetic noon: Satellite and ground-based observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOVING AURORAL FORMS; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; CONVECTION PATTERNS; WIND SPACECRAFT; CUSP AURORA; FIELD; PLASMA; PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSHEATH; DYNAMICS AB In this paper we present a set of satellite and ground-based observations suggesting that energetic magnetospheric electrons cannot be used as an unambiguous discriminator between open and closed field lines on the dayside. Using two data sets from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 and NOAA 12 satellites flying through dayside Type 1 cusp aurora (both close in time and space), we reach two apparently incompatible conclusions. Cusp/mantle precipitation, stepped cusp signatures, and antisunward convection in the DMSP F13 data set strongly suggest open magnetic field lines. On the other hand, NOAA 12 observed a mixture of magnetosheath and isotropic energetic particles. Trapped energetic electrons are traditionally regarded as being on closed flux. However, in addition to earlier proposed trapping on open field lines, we suggest that transmission lines connecting merging sites near the cusp in the Southern Hemisphere with the northern auroral ionosphere can be several tens of RE long. Alfven wave transit times of several minutes may make it impossible to determine from satellite measurements in the ionosphere whether magnetic field lines threading low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) plasmas are open or closed. New research tools will be needed to unify understanding of complementary particle measurements from the DMSP and NOAA satellites. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Courses Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Oksavik, K (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Allegaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM kjellmar.oksavik@fi.uib.no; finn.soraas@uib.no; jmoen@fys.uio.no; burke@plh.af.mil OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A12 BP 27555 EP 27568 DI 10.1029/1999JA000237 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386BL UT WOS:000166040200041 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, PJ Kissack, B Bickford, DJ Ririe, DW Ornstein, DL Lopez, J Hensley, RE Smith, R Schroeder, MT AF Shaughnessy, PJ Kissack, B Bickford, DJ Ririe, DW Ornstein, DL Lopez, J Hensley, RE Smith, R Schroeder, MT TI Correlation of CD34(+) cell counts with volume of bone marrow collected for allogeneic bone marrow harvests SO JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The quantity of bone marrow collected for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is based on collecting 10 to 15 cc of bone marrow/kg of recipient weight. We hypothesized that the percentage of CD34(+) cells collected during a bone marrow harvest decreased at the end of the harvest because of increasing amounts of peripheral blood contamination. We performed a prospective, blinded study in which we measured CD34(+) percentages and cell counts at 200-cc intervals during bone marrow harvests from 11 consecutive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling bone marrow donors. We observed that the percentage of CD34(+) cells in aspirated bone marrow did not vary significantly from the start to the end of the bone marrow harvest, and the total number of CD34(+) cells/kg increased in a linear fashion, thus disproving our original hypothesis. In conclusion, the percentage of CD34(+) cells in aspirated bone marrow will remain constant throughout a bone marrow harvest. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Fisher Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematol & Oncol MMIH, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shaughnessy, PJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Fisher Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematol & Oncol MMIH, 2200 Bergquist Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1525-8165 J9 J HEMATOTH STEM CELL JI J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 6 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1089/152581600750062336 PG 4 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 399DX UT WOS:000166797000013 PM 11177602 ER PT J AU Dua, J Longobardi, J Latham, WP Kar, A AF Dua, J Longobardi, J Latham, WP Kar, A TI Weld strength and process controllability for laser welding of thin sheet metals SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser welding; thin sheet metal; heat conduction model; process controllability ID TEMPERATURE PROFILES; BEAM AB Laser welding is a promising technique for joining of thin sheet metal due to its precise heat input control, and the optimized welds should have the desired strength and minimum overheating. The optimum weld depth for maximum weld strength is studied by developing a geometrical model and conducting tensile-shear tests on lap welded thin stainless steel sheets of 100 mum thickness. The results show that to a large extent the strength of lap welds is influenced by the weld geometry. A three-dimensional quasisteady state heat conduction model is presented to predict the weld geometry produced in conduction laser welding of thin sheets under different process parameters. The controllability of weld depth is studied experimentally and theoretically by varying the laser power. A process parameter region has been identified for difficult control of the welding process. (C) 2000 Laser Institute of America. [S1042-346X(00)00206-0]. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt,Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Laser Aided Mfg Mat & Microproc Lab, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Met Tech Ind, Iowa Falls, IA 50126 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dua, J (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt,Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Laser Aided Mfg Mat & Microproc Lab, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 381ME UT WOS:000165766000003 ER PT J AU Hart, PS Zhang, Y Firatli, E Uygur, C Lotfazar, M Michalec, MD Marks, JJ Lu, X Coates, BJ Seow, WK MarshaIl, R Williams, D Reed, JB Wright, JT Hart, TC AF Hart, PS Zhang, Y Firatli, E Uygur, C Lotfazar, M Michalec, MD Marks, JJ Lu, X Coates, BJ Seow, WK MarshaIl, R Williams, D Reed, JB Wright, JT Hart, TC TI Identification of cathepsin C mutations in ethnically diverse Papillon-Lefevre syndrome patients SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cathepsin C; genetics; severe early onset periodontitis; hyperkeratosis ID PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA; GENE; CLASSIFICATION; KERATOSIS AB Introduction-Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by palmoplantar keratoderma and severe, early onset periodontitis, which results fi om deficiency of cathepsin C activity secondary to mutations in the cathepsin C gene. To date, 13 different cathepsin C mutations have been reported in PLS patients, all of which are homozygous for a given mutation, reflecting consanguinity. Aim-To evaluate the generality of cathepsin C mutations in PLS, we studied an ethnically diverse group of 20 unrelated families. Methods-Mutations were identified by direct automated sequencing of genomic DNA amplified for exonic regions and associated splice site junctions of the cathepsin C gene. Long range PCR was performed to determine the genomic structure of the cathepsin C gene. Results-The cathepsin C gene spans over 46 kb, with six introns ranging in size from 1.6 to 22.4 kb. Eleven novel mutations and four previously reported mutations were identified in affected subjects from 14 families, Missense mutations were most common (9/15), followed by nonsense mutations (3/15), insertions (2/15), and deletions (1/15). Among these 14 probands, two were compound heterozygotes. Affected subjects with transgressions of the dermal lesions onto the knees or elbows or both had mutations in both the pro- and mature regions of the enzyme, although most were in the mature region. Conclusion-Mutations in the mature region of cathepsin C were more likely to be associated with the transgressions of the dermatological lesions, although the results were not statistically significant. A comprehensive list of all cathepsin C mutations described to date, representing 25 mutations from 32 families with PLS and related conditions, is also presented. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Med Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Istanbul Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Periodontol, Istanbul, Turkey. Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Periodont, Shiraz, Iran. Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Dept Paediat Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Leicester Royal Infirm, Leicester, Leics, England. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat Dent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hart, TC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Med Pathol, 614 Salk Hall,3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RI Seow, W. Kim/F-2765-2010; Seow, W. K./F-7314-2010; FIRATLI, Erhan/E-4241-2013; OI FIRATLI, Erhan/0000-0002-4154-6929; Seow, Wan Kim/0000-0002-7876-4524 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01-DE12920] NR 22 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 37 IS 12 BP 927 EP 932 DI 10.1136/jmg.37.12.927 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 385BQ UT WOS:000165982100005 PM 11106356 ER PT J AU Robbins, TL Summers, TP Miller, JL AF Robbins, TL Summers, TP Miller, JL TI Using the group-value model to explain the role of noninstrumental justice in distinguishing the effects of distributive and procedural justice SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOB-SATISFACTION; PAY; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB The purpose of this study was to distinguish the effects of distributive, instrumental procedural, and noninstrumental (i.e. group-value effects) procedural justice in a field study, hs predicted by the group-value model (Lind & Tyler, 1988), noninstrumental procedural justice captured unique variance in organizational commitment, turnover intentions, as well as both individual and group performance. Furthermore, noninstrumental justice explained more unique variance in commitment and performance than did distributive justice or instrumental procedural justice. These findings provide a greater understanding of why procedural justice, as a whole, has bern found to be more predictive of these outcomes in prior research. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Management, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF Acad, Ctr Character Dev, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Robbins, TL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Management, 101 Sirrine Hall,Box 341305, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0963-1798 J9 J OCCUP ORGAN PSYCH JI J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 73 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1348/096317900167191 PN 4 PG 8 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 378FQ UT WOS:000165574700009 ER PT J AU Wainner, RS Gill, H AF Wainner, RS Gill, H TI Diagnosis and nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Review DE cervical radiculopathy; diagnosis; treatment ID PROXIMAL NERVE-CONDUCTION; DISC HERNIATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; ROOT COMPRESSION; RADICULAR PAIN; USERS GUIDES; FOLLOW-UP; DEGENERATIVE FINDINGS; ANTERIOR DISKECTOMY; INTERVERTEBRAL DISC AB Study Design: Qualitative, comprehensive literature review. Objective: To discuss and summarize the current peer-reviewed literature related to the managment of patients with cervical radiculopathy. Background: Cervical radiculopathy is a lesion of the cervical spinal nerve root with a reported prevalence of 3.3 cases per 1000 people; peak annual incidence is 2.1 cases per 1000 and occurs in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Nerve root injury has the potential to produce significant functional limitations and disability. Methods and Measures: A search of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases for the periods 1966, 1982, and 1996, respectively, to December 1999 was conducted using selected keywords and MeSH headings. The bibliography of all retrieved articles were searched and pertinent articles were obtained. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Review was also searched. literature related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cervical radiculopathy were thoroughly reviewed and summarized using a critical appraisal approach. Results: Although cervical radiculopathy remains largely a clinical diagnosis, the true diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination for cervical radiculopathy is unknown. Imaging and electrophysiologic tests are capable of detecting clinically significant problems in many patients and each modality has inherent strengths and weaknesses; technical as well as practical factors affect the choice of procedure. The natural course of cervical radiculopathy appears to be generally favorable but no prognostic or risk factors have been firmly established and the efficacy of various nonoperative treatments for the condition is unknown. Conclusion: A clear definition of terms and further research are required to establish definitive diagnostic criteria and effective treatment for the management of patients with cervical radiculopathy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Ctr Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wainner, RS (reprint author), 231 Oak Leaf Dr, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. RI Abbott, J./B-2976-2008 OI Abbott, J./0000-0001-6468-7284 NR 167 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 30 IS 12 BP 728 EP 744 PG 17 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 388KT UT WOS:000166180200003 PM 11153552 ER PT J AU Klonsky, ED Oltmanns, TF Turkheimer, E Fiedler, ER AF Klonsky, ED Oltmanns, TF Turkheimer, E Fiedler, ER TI Recollections of conflict with parents and family support in the personality disorders SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; RISK-FACTORS; BORDERLINE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; ABUSE AB This study examined the relationships between personality disorders and retrospective reports of family support and conflict with parents. Participants were 798 United States Air Force recruits who were participating in a larger program of research on the peer assessment of personality disorders, Correlational analyses revealed consistent but modest associations between personality disorder features and both measures of family adversity, Borderline, antisocial, and paranoid features maintained small, unique associations after controlling for the general component of personality disorder. Further analyses, however, showed that differences among the correlations between personality disorder traits and family adversity measures account for little explained variance. In general, it does not appear that individual personality disorders have unique relations with retrospective reports of family adversity. Instead, the relation between personality disorders and family adversity seems to depend on a component common to all personality disorders. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Klonsky, ED (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, 102 Gilmer Hall,POB 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH51187] NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0885-579X J9 J PERS DISORD JI J. Pers. Disord. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP 327 EP 338 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 393YR UT WOS:000166497700004 PM 11204340 ER PT J AU Harris, M Bryant, LR Danaher, P Alloway, J AF Harris, M Bryant, LR Danaher, P Alloway, J TI Effect of low dose daily aspirin on serum urate levels and urinary excretion in patients receiving probenecid for gouty arthritis SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gout; probenecid; aspirin; gouty arthritis AB Objective, To determine if low dose daily enteric coated aspirin significantly affects the therapeutic actions of probenecid with respect to serum urate levels or urinary urate excretion. Methods. Patients with gouty arthritis taking a stable dose of probenecid for at least 3 months were enrolled in a prospective crossover study. Twenty-four hour urinary and serum uric acid levels were measured after 14 days in patients crossed over to receive probenecid alone; probenecid and aspirin 325 mg taken concomitantly; and probenecid followed by aspirin 325 mg at 6 hours. Results, Eleven patients completed the crossover study. The addition of aspirin to a stable dose of probenecid had no significant effect upon serum urate levels or 24 h urinary urate excretion (p > 0.05, paired t test). Conclusion, Low dose daily enteric coated aspirin does not significantly interfere with the uricosuric effects of probenecid in patients with gouty arthritis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, MMIR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Harris, M (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, MMIR, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2873 EP 2876 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 378RQ UT WOS:000165597800027 PM 11128679 ER PT J AU Hendrix, WH AF Hendrix, WH TI Perceptions of sexual harassment by student-employee classification, marital status, and female racial classification SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; GENDER; WORK AB Perceptual differences in views of sexual harassment were investigated as a function of student/employee classification (United States Air Force Academy cadets, undergraduate university students, and full-time business employees), gender of the initiator, gender of the respondent, marital status of respondent, age, position power, success status, and attractiveness of the initiator. In addition, differences in sexual harassment perceptions and extent of sexual harassment experienced for Black, Hispanic, and White women were investigated. Participants were 764 individuals classified as either Air Force Academy cadets (n = 145), full-time undergraduate university students (n = 216) or full-time business employees (n = 403). Of these, approximately 58% were males and 42% females. Results indicated that behaviors were perceived as more sexually harassing if the individual was a male, older, low in success status, high in position power, and unattractive. Married and divorced individuals perceived events as more sexually harassing than did single individuals. Females perceived both male and female initiators as sexually harassing. Males, on the other hand, perceived other male initiators as sexually harassing but female initiators as less sexually harassing for the same behaviors. There were no significant differences in the perceptions of sexual harassment or in reports of sexual harassment between Black, Hispanic, and White women. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hendrix, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SELECT PRESS PI CORTE MADERA PA PO BOX 37, CORTE MADERA, CA 94976 USA SN 0886-1641 J9 J SOC BEHAV PERS JI J. Soc. Behav. Pers. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 15 IS 4 BP 529 EP 544 PG 16 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 597VF UT WOS:000178240900006 ER PT J AU Smith, CV Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seay, T Kane, C Foley, J Thrasher, JB Kusuda, L Moul, JW AF Smith, CV Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seay, T Kane, C Foley, J Thrasher, JB Kusuda, L Moul, JW TI Prostate cancer in men age 50 years or younger: A review of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research multicenter prostate cancer database SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE prostatic neoplasms; therapeutics; prostatectomy; age factors ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; RECURRENCE; ANTIGEN; STAGE; LESS; OLD; PROGNOSIS; THERAPY AB Purpose: Prostate cancer in men age 50 years or younger traditionally has accounted for approximately 1% of those diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prior studies of prostate cancer in men of this age led many clinicians to believe that they have a less favorable outcome than older men. Most of these studies were conducted before the advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening programs. We evaluated a surgically treated cohort of men age 50 years or younger to determine whether disease recurred more frequently among them than in those 51 to 69 years old in the PSA era. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 477 men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 1997. Age, ethnicity, preoperative PSA, clinical and pathological stage, margin and seminal vesicle involvement, and recurrence were compared between 79 men age 50 years or younger (study group) and 398, 51 to 69 years old (comparison group). Disease-free survival rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression techniques. Results: There were 6 (7.6%) recurrences in the study group (79) and 107 (26.9%) in the comparison group (398), The disease-free survival curves were significantly different (log-rank p = 0.010). Age remained a significant prognostic factor (Wald p = 0.033) in multivariate Cox regression analyses that controlled for race, clinical and pathological stage, and pretreatment PSA. Similar results were found when the comparison group was limited to 116 patients 51 to 59 years old (log-rank p = 0.034, Wald p = 0.069). Conclusions: These data suggest that patients in the PSA era who underwent radical prostatectomy and were age 50 years or younger have a more favorable disease-free outcome compared to older men. C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Lackland, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1964 EP 1967 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66929-7 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 372KJ UT WOS:000165232600028 PM 11061892 ER PT J AU Canby-Hagino, ED Morey, AF Jatoi, I Perahia, B Bishoff, JT AF Canby-Hagino, ED Morey, AF Jatoi, I Perahia, B Bishoff, JT TI Fibrin sealant treatment of splenic injury during open and laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; spleen; nephrectomy; iatrogenic disease; fibrin tissue adhesive ID RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; GLUE; COMPLICATIONS; EXPERIENCE; FISTULA AB Purpose: We describe the use of fibrin sealant for rapid and definitive hemostasis of splenic injuries incurred during open and laparoscopic left nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: In 2 patients undergoing left nephrectomy for a suspicious renal mass splenic laceration occurred during mobilization of the colonic splenic flexure at open nephrectomy and laparoscopic upper pole dissection, respectively. Fibrin sealant was applied topically in each case. Results: In each patient fibrin sealant achieved immediate hemostasis and each recovered without further splenic bleeding. Conclusions: The topical application of fibrin sealant safely, rapidly and reliably achieves definitive hemostasis of splenic injuries. It is simple to use in the open and laparoscopic approaches. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Canby-Hagino, ED (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 164 IS 6 BP 2004 EP 2005 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66939-X PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 372KJ UT WOS:000165232600038 PM 11061902 ER PT J AU Butler, WP Roberts, DR AF Butler, WP Roberts, DR TI Malaria in the Americas: A model of reemergence SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-DARLINGI; BREAST-CANCER; DDT; RISK; ERADICATION; RESISTANCE; VECTORS AB Malaria in the Americas is a reemerging health issue. In 1969, the World Health Organization shifted policy from malaria eradication to malaria control. With this shift, vector control (house spraying with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]) was deemphasized. Since that time, house spray rates have decreased and malaria rates have increased. Using malaria data collected since 1959 by the Pan American Health Organization, this relationship was examined with an ecological regression model. Malaria control was found to be a function of policy, disease burden, and vector control (R-2 = 0.75, P < 0.001). Policy must address both disease burden and vector control, Treatment of disease burden is unquestioned; however, vector control is debated. An argument for the judicious and enlightened resumption of house spraying with DDT is presented. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Butler, WP (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 897 EP 902 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700008 PM 11149057 ER PT J AU Phelps, JY Hickman, TN Robinson, RD Arthur, N Dobay, K Neal, GS AF Phelps, JY Hickman, TN Robinson, RD Arthur, N Dobay, K Neal, GS TI A military health care facility has high in vitro fertilization success rates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CITRATE CHALLENGE TEST; INFERTILITY AB The purpose of this study is to describe in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates at our military health care facility, A retrospective analysis was performed for all IVF cycles initiated at Wilford Hall Medical Center from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1998, During this period, there were 214 IVF cycles initiated with gonadotropin therapy. The overall pregnancy rate, with an intrauterine pregnancy identified by transvaginal ultrasonography, was 45.3%. IVF services can be provided at a military health care facility with a high rate of success. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Phelps, JY (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 935 EP 937 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700016 PM 11149065 ER PT J AU Chandler, PJ Chandler, C Dabbs, ML AF Chandler, PJ Chandler, C Dabbs, ML TI Provider gender preference in obstetrics and gynecology: A military population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: This study evaluates patient reasons and preferences for gender selection of their obstetrician-gynecologist. Methods: A written survey was given to patients attending a military obstetrics and gynecology clinic (N = 203). Mean age was 36 years, with 69% of patients between 20 and 40 years. Caucasian (52%) and African American (34%) were the most common races. Results: Overall, 52% of patients preferred a female practitioner, 4% preferred males, and gender did not matter for 44%. Experience and reputation were the most important factors in 93% of all patient provider selections. Only 10% of patients felt that gender was the most important factor, and 35% ranked gender as one of the top two factors. Conclusion: Although a majority of our study population preferred female obstetrician-gynecologist providers, experience and reputation were more frequently cited than gender as the most important factors in selecting a provider. Patients felt that female physicians understand their problems better. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Chandler, PJ (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 4 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 938 EP 940 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700017 PM 11149066 ER PT J AU Walter, EA Rowles, DM Dolan, DM Canas, LC Meier, PA AF Walter, EA Rowles, DM Dolan, DM Canas, LC Meier, PA TI Influenza A in a basic training population: Implications for directly observed therapy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; A VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS AB Purpose: To describe our evaluation of basic trainees exposed to influenza A and our experience with mass prophylaxis. Methods: Using a structured interview, 101 individuals were evaluated for symptoms of influenza A. Nasopharyngeal wash specimens were obtained from symptomatic troops; amantadine prophylaxis was prescribed for all, Diagnosis was confirmed using a rapid influenza assay or shell vial culture. After completing prophylaxis, the group was reevaluated to determine medication compliance and perceived side effects. Results: At baseline, 80 trainees reported symptoms. Three additional cases of influenza were identified, two using the rapid assay. Reported compliance with amantadine prophylaxis was 46.5%, Conclusions: Nonspecific complaints that could be consistent with viral infection were numerous in this basic trainee cohort. The rapid assay allowed us to expediently identify additional patients, who were then removed from the cohort to limit further transmission. Compliance with prophylaxis was poor; thus, directly observed therapy is recommended. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Walter, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 941 EP 943 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700018 ER PT J AU Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Kovsh, AR Mikhrin, SS Maleev, NA Volovik, BV Musikhin, YG Shernyakov, YM Kondat'eva, EY Maximov, MV Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ledentsov, NN Alferov, ZI Lott, JA Bimberg, D AF Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Kovsh, AR Mikhrin, SS Maleev, NA Volovik, BV Musikhin, YG Shernyakov, YM Kondat'eva, EY Maximov, MV Tsatsul'nikov, AF Ledentsov, NN Alferov, ZI Lott, JA Bimberg, D TI Long-wavelength quantum dot lasers on GaAs substrates SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Nanostructures: Physics and Technology CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Ioffe Inst ID 1.3 MU-M; RANGE AB We study 1.3 mum diode lasers based on self-organized InAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. Overgrowing the InAs quantum dot array with a thin InGaAs layer allows us to achieve 1.3 mum emission and keep a sufficiently high surface density of quantum dots. Using transmission electron microscopy we show that the main reason for the long-wavelength PL shift in InAs/InGaAs quantum dots is non-uniform distribution of In in InGaAs leading to the increase in effective volume of a quantum dot. Long-stripe lasers showed low-threshold current density (<100 A cm(-2)), high differential efficiency (>50%) and low internal loss (similar to1-2 cm(-1)). The maximum output power for wide-stripe lasers was as high as 2.7 W and for single-mode devices 110 mW. The lasing wavelength for VCSELs was 1.3 mum The threshold current for the device with the 8 mum aperture was 1.8 mA. The output power of 220 muW at a drive current of 2.4 mA was observed under pulsed mode. C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Ustinov, VM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Tsatsulnikov, Andrey/A-9150-2014; Shernyakov, Yuri/A-6826-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Maleev, Nikolay/D-7873-2014; Maximov, Mikhail/A-8562-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/11/4/341 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 384RK UT WOS:000165958500042 ER PT J AU Yost, KA Washburn, AR AF Yost, KA Washburn, AR TI The LP/POMDP marriage: Optimization with imperfect information SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE linear program; Markov decision process; information ID MARKOV AB A new technique for solving large-scale allocation problems with partially observable states and constrained action and observation resources is introduced. The technique uses a master linear program (LP) to determine allocations among a set of control policies, and uses partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) to determine improving policies using dual prices from the master LP. An application is made to a military problem where aircraft attack targets in a sequence of stages, with information acquired in one stage being used to plan attacks in the next. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Washburn, AR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 8 BP 607 EP 619 DI 10.1002/1520-6750(200012)47:8<607::AID-NAV1>3.3.CO;2-6 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 370EG UT WOS:000165110000001 ER PT J AU Murray, W AF Murray, W TI Decreased libido in postmenopausal women SO NURSE PRACTITIONER FORUM-CURRENT TOPICS AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL MENOPAUSE; SEXUAL DISORDERS; ANDROGEN; REPLACEMENT; SYMPTOMS; THERAPY AB As baby boomers age, the health issues of postmenopausal women have gained increasing media attention. Sexual well-being is an important health component for these women. The estimated rate of female sexual dysfunction in the United States is an astounding 25% to 63% with the most prevalent age group being postmenopausal women. Decreased libido is a major complaint of postmenopausal women, and many seek medical consultation for this problem. Unfortunately, current female sexuality research for this population is clearly deficient. Additionally, medical providers tasked with managing postmenopausal sexual dysfunction often lack training, experience, and the confidence necessary to handle sexuality concerns. Nurse practitioners, as superior counselors, are in a prime role to address this issue. The purpose of this report is to focus on the multifaceted problem of decreased libido in postmenopausal women, with management strategies to assist practitioners in managing and addressing this problem in the clinical setting. The report will investigate several physical, hormonal, and psychosocial factors impacting decreased libido in these women. Current and past research into this area will be analyzed to better define the current professional consensus on managing decreased libido in postmenopausal women. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Nursing, Dept Nurse Practitioners, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Murray, W (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Nursing, Dept Nurse Practitioners, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1045-5485 J9 NURS PRACT FORUM JI Nurse Pract. Forum-Curr. Top. Commun. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1053/nupf.2000.20224 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 381PW UT WOS:000165772900006 PM 11220019 ER PT J AU Van Royen, AR Calvin, CK Lightner, CR AF Van Royen, AR Calvin, CK Lightner, CR TI Knowledge and attitudes about emergency contraception in a military population SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; YUZPE REGIMEN; WOMENS KNOWLEDGE; DESERT-STORM; HEALTH-CARE; PILLS AB Objective: To assess knowledge and attitudes about reproductive issues and emergency contraception among active duty military members. Methods: A survey was distributed to 302 active duty members of the United States Air Force. Descriptive and Pearson chi (2) statistical analyses were used to evaluate findings. Results: There was a general lack of knowledge about reproductive issues and the Yuzpe emergency contraception method. Eighty-five percent of respondents were sexually active, but only 62% used birth control. Only 40% knew when pregnancy was most likely to occur. Sixty-four percent had heard of emergency contraception, but only 15% were aware of the correct time to take it. Fifty-five percent said they would use emergency contraception if needed, with younger or unmarried individuals most willing. Conclusion: Knowledge deficits must be addressed to keep women deployable. Educational materials and emergency contraception kits should be standard issue items. That might prevent unwanted pregnancies and produce significant savings in reproductive health and emotional costs. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:921-5. (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Womens Hlth Care Nurse Practitioner Program, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Van Royen, AR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 96 IS 6 BP 921 EP 925 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01048-6 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 376VM UT WOS:000165477500010 PM 11084178 ER PT J AU Matson, CL AF Matson, CL TI Tomographic image quality from E-field and intensity projections SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE tomography; image reconstruction; laser radar ID SHORT-PULSELENGTH LASER; REFLECTIVE TOMOGRAPHY AB Tomography is an established imaging method used to reconstruct images from projection data. The projections can consist of E-field data (for example, synthetic aperture radar data) or intensity data (e.g., X-ray data). For short pulse length coherent laser radars, however, the projection data is available in either form. In this paper, the signal to noise ratios (SNRs) in the reconstructed images for each type of data are presented and analyzed to determine which type of data produces the best image quality. It is shown that the SNR at any point in the image domain is limited above by one when using E-field data, but can be as high as the square root of the number of projections when intensity projections are used. These theoretical results are illustrated using computer-simulated data. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEBI, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEBI, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 186 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)01067-1 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 383NC UT WOS:000165888000009 ER PT J AU Moynihan, MF AF Moynihan, MF TI The scientific community and intelligence collection SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article C1 Cent Intelligence Agcy, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Moynihan, MF (reprint author), Cent Intelligence Agcy, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD DEC PY 2000 VL 53 IS 12 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1063/1.1341915 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 377MV UT WOS:000165518100020 ER PT J AU Tomlin, DW Fratini, AV Hunsaker, M Adams, WW AF Tomlin, DW Fratini, AV Hunsaker, M Adams, WW TI The role of hydrogen bonding in rigid-rod polymers: the crystal structure of a polybenzobisimidazole model compound SO POLYMER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Semicrystalline Polymers in Memory of Andrew Keller held at the American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 23-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc DE polybenzobisimidazole model compound; crystal structure; rigid-rod polymer fibers ID FIBER PIPD; M5; DISORDER AB Microstructural information about the nature of the polymer-water interaction in rigid-rod polybenzimidazole polymer fibers (PBI) is derived from the X-ray crystallographic analysis of 1,7-dihydro-2,6-diphenylbenzo-[1,2-d;4,5-d']diimidazole tetrahydrate, C20H14N4.4H(2)O. MW = 382.20 amu, a model compound for poly(p-phenylene-benzobisimidazole) (PBDI). The model compound crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system, space group P2(1)/c, with n = 9.008(2) Angstrom, b = 24.967(7) Angstrom, c = 9.870(5) Angstrom, beta = 119.82(3)degrees, and Z = 4. Molecules pack in a herringbone fashion, interspersed with a network of solvent water molecules. Hydrogen-bonded water molecules bridge molecules of the model compound that are related by an inversion center. Each water molecule acts both as a hydrogen bond donor and as a hydrogen bond acceptor. A plausible model for the packing of chains in heat-treated fibers elf PBDI would involve polymer chains extending in the direction of elongation, in the manner found for polybenzothiazoles (PBZT) and polybenzoxazoles (PBO), but with a network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules providing strong lateral interactions between polymer molecules. A comparison is made with the structure of poly-{2,6-diimidazo[4,5-b:4',5'-e]pyridinylene-1,4(2,5-dihydroxy) phenylene} (PIPD or 'M5' fiber) since the enhanced compressive behavior of PIPD is attributed to a hydrogen-bonding network between polymer chains. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fratini, AV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 42 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC PY 2000 VL 41 IS 25 BP 9003 EP 9010 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00242-1 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 353KD UT WOS:000089272600027 ER PT J AU Staal, MA King, RE AF Staal, MA King, RE TI Managing a multiple relationship environment: The ethics of military psychology SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID DUAL RELATIONSHIPS; BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS; ASSOCIATION; DILEMMAS; MODEL; CARE AB Military psychologists often find themselves in situations having the potential to compromise their professional ethics. Although conflicts in confidentiality are frequently the issue, multiple relationship development is also a significant concern. Case examples involving multiple relationship issues are presented, and the American Psychological Association's (APA's; 1992) guidelines concerning multiple relationship expectancies are considered. Decision-making frameworks are reviewed, and an adaptation of M. C. Gottlieb's (1993) model for multiple relationship resolution is proposed. The authors suggest recommendations for training and supervision, and they encourage continued collaboration between the APA and Department of Defense so that these dilemmas may be more adequately addressed. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, DFBL, HQ USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. AF Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Staal, MA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, DFBL, HQ USAF, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 31 IS 6 BP 698 EP 705 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.31.6.698 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 383LE UT WOS:000165883400015 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Adherence to training programs SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 22 IS 6 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 383AF UT WOS:000165859000002 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Fonseca, VP Chao, SY Coil, GA Bell, NS Amoroso, P AF Robbins, AS Fonseca, VP Chao, SY Coil, GA Bell, NS Amoroso, P TI Short term effects of cigarette smoking on hospitalisation and associated lost workdays in a young healthy population SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article DE young men; hospitalisation; lost workdays; employers ID SUBSTANCE USE; CARE USE; COSTS; IMPACT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHILDRENS; INJURIES; HABITS; MEN AB Objective-There are relatively few published studies conducted among people of younger ages examining short term outcomes of cigarette smoking, and only a small number with outcomes important to employers. The present study was designed to assess the short term effects of smoking on hospitalisation and lost workdays. Design-Retrospective cohort study. Setting-Military population. Subjects-87 991 men and women serving on active duty in the US Army during 1987 to 1998 who took a health risk appraisal two or more times and were followed for an average of 2.4 years. Main outcome measures-Rate ratios for hospitalisations and lost workdays, and fraction of hospitalisations and lost workdays attributable to current smoking (population attributable fraction). Results-Compared with never smokers, men and women who were current smokers had higher short term rates of hospitalisation and lost workdays for a broad range of conditions. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for outcomes not related to injury or pregnancy were 7.5% (men) and 5.0% (women) for hospitalisation, and 14.1% (men) and 3.0% (women) for lost workdays. Evidence suggests that current smoking may have been under reported in this cohort, in which case the true PAFs would be higher than those reported. Conclusions-In this young healthy population, substantial fractions of hospitalisations and lost workdays were attributable to current smoking, particularly among men. C1 USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA USA. SDSS Inc, Natick, MA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv, 2602 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 804, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R29AA11407-01A1] NR 50 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1136/tc.9.4.389 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 384TE UT WOS:000165960300012 PM 11106708 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD Dmochowski, RR AF Cespedes, RD Dmochowski, RR TI Advances in the treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse - Introduction SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMKU, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Urol Associates N Texas, N Texas Ctr Urinary Control, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMKU, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6A SU S BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00937-7 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 384WX UT WOS:000165970500001 ER PT J AU Winters, JC Cespedes, RD Vanlangendonck, R AF Winters, JC Cespedes, RD Vanlangendonck, R TI Abdominal sacral colpopexy and abdominal enterocele repair in the management of vaginal vault prolapse SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT FIXATION; PELVIC SUPPORT DEFECTS; FASCIA LATA; WOMEN; SUSPENSION; INCONTINENCE; HYSTERECTOMY; CULDEPLASTY; EVERSION AB Vaginal vault prolapse and enterocele represent challenging forms of female pelvic organ relaxation. These conditions are most commonly associated with other pelvic organ defects. Proper diagnosis and management is essential to achieve long-term successful outcomes. Physical examination should be carried out in the lithotomy and standing positions (if necessary) in order to detect a loss of vaginal vault support. With proper identification of the vaginal cuff, one should assess the degree of mobility of the vaginal cuff with a Valsalva maneuver. If there is significant descent of the vaginal cuff, vaginal vault prolapse is present, and correction should be considered. The abdominal sacral colpopexy is an excellent means to provide vaginal vault suspension. This procedure entails suspension of the vaginal cuff to the sacrum with fascia or synthetic mesh. This procedure should always be accompanied by an abdominal enterocele repair and cul-de-sac obliteration. In addition, many patients require surgical procedures to correct stress urinary incontinence, which is either symptomatic or latent (occurs postoperatively after prolapse correction). Complications include: mesh infection, mesh erosion, bower obstruction, ileus, and bleeding from the presacral venous complex. If the procedure is carried out using meticulous technique, few complications occur and excellent long-term reduction of vaginal vault prolapse and enterocele are achieved. The purpose of this article is to review the preoperative evaluation of women with pelvic organ prolapse, and provide a detailed description of the surgical technique of an abdominal sacral colpopexy. UROLOGY 56 (Suppl 6A): 55-63, 2000. (C) 2000, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Ochsner Clin, Dept Urol Voiding Dysfunct & Reconstruct, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol Female Urol Urodynam & Voiding Dysfunct, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Winters, JC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Ochsner Clin, Dept Urol Voiding Dysfunct & Reconstruct, 1516 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6A SU S BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00662-2 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 384WX UT WOS:000165970500010 PM 11114564 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD AF Cespedes, RD TI Anterior approach bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation for vaginal vault prolapse SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-INCONTINENCE; COLPOPEXY; EXPERIENCE; WOMEN AB The sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) was first described as a unilateral fixation; however, bilateral fixation, when possible, allows a symmetrical vaginal reconstruction and provides additional vaginal vault support. We evaluated the outcome of treating total vault prolapse using a bilateral SSLF through an anterior vaginal approach. From July 1996 to July 1999, 28 patients (mean age 67) underwent bilateral SSLF procedures through an anterior vaginal approach. All patients had either grade 3 or 4 vault prolapse, and all patients had associated enteroceles, cystoceles, and rectoceles. All patients underwent fluorourodynamic evaluation including an abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) with reduction of the vaginal prolapse. A pubovaginal sling was performed in 25 patients and all 28 patients underwent an anterior colporrhaphy, rectocele, and enterocele repair. A vaginal paravaginal repair was performed in 22 cases. At a mean follow-up of 17 months (range 5 to 35), 27 of 28 patients were cured, 1 patient had an asymptomatic unilateral grade 1 vault prolapse, 2 patients had developed small asymptomatic cystoceles and there had been no recurrence of rectoceles or enteroceles. Stress incontinence had been cured in all patients; however, 2 patients continued to have mild urge incontinence requiring <1 pad per day. Two patients complained of transient gluteal pain. We believe the anterior approach bilateral SSLF is a safe procedure with excellent medium term results in women with grade 5 to 4 vaginal prolapse. UROLOGY 56 (Suppl 6A): 70-75, 2000. (C) 2000, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol,MMKU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol,MMKU, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6A SU S BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00919-5 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 384WX UT WOS:000165970500012 PM 11114566 ER PT J AU Medeiros, SC Prasad, YVRK Frazier, WG Srinivasan, R AF Medeiros, SC Prasad, YVRK Frazier, WG Srinivasan, R TI Microstructural modeling of metadynamic recrystallization in hot working of IN 718 superalloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metadynamic recrystallization; superalloy; IN 718; hot working ID PROCESSING MAP; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; IN-718; ALLOY; SIMULATION AB The hot deformation behavior of IN 718 superalloy has been characterized in the temperature range 900-1100 degrees C and strain rate range 0.001-1.0 s(-1) using compression tests on process annealed material, with a view to obtain a correlation between grain size and the process parameters. At a strain rate of 0.001 s(-1,) the material exhibits dynamic recrystallization (DRx) at 975 degrees C and superplasticity at 1100 degrees C, while metadynamic recrystallization (MDRx) occurs in the temperature range 950-1100 degrees C and strain rate range 0.01-1.0 s(-1). Unlike in the DRx domain, the grain size (d) variation in the MDRx regime could not be correlated with the standard Zener-Hollomon (Z) parameter due to strong thermal effects during cooling after hot deformation. However, it follows an equation of the type d = cexp(- Q/RT), where c, p and R are constants, Q the activation energy for MDRx and T the temperature. The value of p is very low (0.028) and the apparent activation energy is about 275 kJ mole(-1), which is very close to that for self-diffusion in pure nickel. The data obtained from several investigators are in agreement with this equation. Such an equation combines the mild dynamic effect in MDRx with a stronger post-deformation cooling effect and may be used for predicting the grain size of IN 718 hot forged in the MDRx regime. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 AFRL, MLMR, Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Medeiros, SC (reprint author), AFRL, MLMR, Mat Proc Design Branch, Bldg 653,Room 215,2977 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 123 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 30 PY 2000 VL 293 IS 1-2 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01053-4 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357FX UT WOS:000089488800025 ER PT J AU O'Brien, K O'Connell, R O'Connell, M AF O'Brien, K O'Connell, R O'Connell, M TI Screening for colorectal cancer SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP O'Brien, K (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 30 PY 2000 VL 343 IS 22 BP 1651 EP 1652 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 377JT UT WOS:000165511000015 PM 11184980 ER PT J AU Jenkins, S Jacob, KI Polk, MB Kumar, S Dang, TD Arnold, FE AF Jenkins, S Jacob, KI Polk, MB Kumar, S Dang, TD Arnold, FE TI Reaction-induced strain in rigid-rod polymeric fibers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; PBZT FIBERS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; HIGH-MODULUS; MORPHOLOGY AB The thermomechanical behavior of several rigid-rod polymeric fibers has been investigated. Up to 300 degreesC, all fibers exhibited the expected axial shrinkage on heating (CTE approximate to -6 x 10(-6) degreesC(-1)). However, a pronounced increase in thermal contraction was observed at temperatures where polymer degradation cr cleaving of the pendant group occurred. A degradation mechanism has been proposed that accounts for the evolved gases in PBZT and MePBZT. The accelerated shrinkage in these rigid-rod polymers is a result of decrease in the c-axis lattice parameter as measured via WAXD. The enhanced axial shrinkage and accompanying decrease in lattice parameter are attributed to chemical changes, and consequent cross-linking taking place within these systems which, in turn, serves to perturb the crystalline structure. The implications of this phenomenon of accelerated axial contraction, with, regards to morphology, are discussed. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, RL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 28 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 24 BP 9060 EP 9068 DI 10.1021/ma000780w PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 379CW UT WOS:000165624200022 ER PT J AU Hunton, DE Ballenthin, JO Borghetti, JF Federico, GS Miller, TM Thorn, WF Viggiano, AA Anderson, BE Cofer, WR McDougal, DS Wey, CC AF Hunton, DE Ballenthin, JO Borghetti, JF Federico, GS Miller, TM Thorn, WF Viggiano, AA Anderson, BE Cofer, WR McDougal, DS Wey, CC TI Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of SO2 emissions from jet engines in flight and test chamber operations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT EXHAUST PLUMES; ULTRAFINE AEROSOL-PARTICLES; DIFFERENT SULFUR CONTENTS; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; SITU OBSERVATIONS; CONTRAIL FORMATION; CRUISE ALTITUDE; FLOW REACTOR; AIR; ION AB We report the results of two measurements of the concentrations and emission indices of gas-phase sulfur dioxide (EI(SO2)) in the exhaust of an F100-200E turbofan engine. The broad goals of both experiments were to obtain exhaust sulfur speciation and aerosol properties as a function of fuel sulfur content. In the first campaign, an instrumented NASA T-39 Sabreliner aircraft flew in close formation behind several F-16 fighter aircraft to obtain near-field plume composition and aerosol properties. In the second, an F-100 engine of the same type was installed in an altitude test chamber at NASA Glenn Research Center where gas composition and nonvolatile aerosol concentrations and size distributions were obtained at the exit plane of the engine. In both experiments, SO2 concentrations were measured with the Air Force Research Laboratory chemical ionization mass spectrometer as a function of altitude, engine power, and fuel sulfur content. A significant aspect of the program was the use of the same fuels, the same engine type, and many of the same diagnostics in both campaigns. Several different fuels were purchased specifically fur these experiments, including high-sulfur Jet A (similar to 1150 ppmm S), low-sulfur Jet A (similar to 10 ppmm S), medium-sulfur mixtures of these two fuels, and military JP-8 + 100 (similar to 170 and similar to 300 ppmm S). The agreement between the flight and test cell measurements of SO2 concentrations was excellent, showing an overall precision of better than +/-10% and an estimated absolute accuracy of +/-20%. The EI(SO2) varied from 2.49 g SO2/kg fuel for the high-sulfur fuel in the lest chamber to less than 0.01 g/kg for the lowest-sulfur fuel. No dependence of emission index on engine power, altitude or simulated altitude, separation distance or plume age, or the presence of contrails was observed. In all experiments the measured EI(SO2) was consistent with essentially all of the fuel sulfur appearing as gas-phase SO2 in the exhaust. However, accurate determination of S(IV) to S(VI) conversion was hampered by inconsistencies in the assays of total fuel sulfur content. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, High Speed Syst Off, Engine Components Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hunton, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM donald.hunton@hanscom.af.mil NR 66 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D22 BP 26841 EP 26855 DI 10.1029/2000JD900383 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 378MY UT WOS:000165589200004 ER PT J AU Tam, S Macler, M DeRose, ME Fajardo, ME AF Tam, S Macler, M DeRose, ME Fajardo, ME TI Electronic spectroscopy of B atoms and B-2 molecules isolated in para-H-2, normal-D-2, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABLATED ALUMINUM ATOMS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; BORON ATOMS; THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS; CONDENSED-PHASE; EXCITED-STATES; SPIN-RESONANCE; SOLID HYDROGEN; GAS MATRICES; GROUND-STATE AB We report spectroscopic observations on B atoms isolated in cryogenic parahydrogen (pH(2)), normal deuterium (nD(2)), Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices, and of B-2 molecules in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices. The 2s(2)3s(S-2)<-- 2s(2)2p(P-2) B atom Rydberg absorption suffers large gas-to-matrix blue shifts, increasing from +3000 to +7000 cm(-1) in the host sequence: Xe < Kr < Ar approximate to Ne approximate to nD(2)approximate to pH(2). Much smaller shifts are observed for the 2s2p(2)(D-2)<-- 2s(2)2p(P-2) B atom core-to-valence transition. We assign pairs of absorption peaks spaced by approximate to 10 nm in the 315-355 nm region to the B-2 (A (3)Sigma (-)(u)<--X (3)Sigma (-)(g)) Douglas-Herzberg transition. We assign a much weaker progression in the 260-300 nm region to the B-2 (2)(3)Pi (u)<--X (3)Sigma (-)(g) transition. We report a novel progression of strong peaks in the 180-200 nm region which we suspect may be due to B-2 molecules, but which remains unassigned. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of B/pH(2) solids show two strong peaks at 216.6 and 208.9 nm, which we assign to the matrix perturbed 2s(2)3s(S-2)<-- 2s(2)2p(P-2) and 2s2p(2)(D-2)<-- 2s(2)2p(P-2) B atom absorptions, respectively. This assignment is supported by quantum path integral simulations of B/pH(2) solids reported in the following article in this journal [J. R. Krumrine, S. Jang, G. A. Voth, and M. H. Alexander, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9079 (2000)]. Laser induced fluorescence emission spectra of B/pH(2) solids show a single line at 249.6 nm, coincident with the gas phase wavelength of the 2s(2)3s(S-2)--> 2s(2)2p(P-2) B atom emission. The UV laser irradiation results in photobleaching of the B atom emission and absorptions, accompanied by the formation of B2H6. [S0021-9606(00)00641-3]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Tam, S (reprint author), KLA Tencor Corp, 1 Technol Dr, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. NR 96 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 20 BP 9067 EP 9078 DI 10.1063/1.1312268 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 372CQ UT WOS:000165217000023 ER PT J AU Gordon, MS Shoemaker, JR Burggraf, LW AF Gordon, MS Shoemaker, JR Burggraf, LW TI Response to "Comment on 'An ab initio cluster study of the structure of the Si(001) surface' " [J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9353 (2000)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; MCSCF C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ballist Missile Def Org, Adv Technol Directorate, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 20 BP 9355 EP 9356 AR PII [S0021-9606(00)70944-5] DI 10.1063/1.1320059 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 372CQ UT WOS:000165217000056 ER PT J AU Gazitt, Y Shaughnessy, P Liu, Q Devore, P AF Gazitt, Y Shaughnessy, P Liu, Q Devore, P TI Cells and NK-cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients primed with cyclophosphamide in combination with G-CSF, GM-CSF, or sequential GM-CSF followed by G-CSF. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 775 BP 180A EP 180A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256100776 ER PT J AU Gazitt, Y Roodman, D Freytes, C Shaughnessy, P Callander, N Traynor, A Rothenberg, M AF Gazitt, Y Roodman, D Freytes, C Shaughnessy, P Callander, N Traynor, A Rothenberg, M TI A phase I-II clinical trial with a combination of gemcitabine (Gemzar) and paclitaxel (taxol) for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma (MM) patients. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Northwestern Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 4984 BP 287B EP 287B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WC UT WOS:000165256201324 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, P Ririe, D Ornstein, D Callander, N Anderson, JE Pollack, M Freytes, C Cruz, J Rodriguez, T Bachier, C LeMaistre, CF AF Shaughnessy, P Ririe, D Ornstein, D Callander, N Anderson, JE Pollack, M Freytes, C Cruz, J Rodriguez, T Bachier, C LeMaistre, CF TI Phase II study of a moderate intensity preparative regimen and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for hematologic diseases: The Texas Transplant Consortium experience. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Temple, TX 76508 USA. Texas Transplant Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 3389 BP 784A EP 784A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256103388 ER PT J AU Williams, S Midey, AJ Arnold, ST Morris, RA Viggiano, AA Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Dressler, RA Berman, MR AF Williams, S Midey, AJ Arnold, ST Morris, RA Viggiano, AA Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Dressler, RA Berman, MR TI Electronic, rovibrational, and translational energy effects in ion-alkylbenzene charge-transfer reactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTODISSOCIATION; RATE CONSTANTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; DISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; C7H7+ IONS; FLOW TUBE; TEMPERATURE; TOLUENE; CATIONS AB Rate constants and branching fractions are reported for the reactions of NO+, Xe-2(+), O-2(+), Xe+(P-2(3/2)), and Kr+(P-2(3/2)) with toluene, ethylbenzene, and n-propylbenzene. Ions with recombination energies ranging from 9.26 eV (NO+) to 14.00 eV (Kr+) are studied at 300 K in a variable temperature-selected ion flow tube (VT-SIFT) yielding information regarding the role of electronic energy in these reactions. The reactions of NO+ and O-2(+) have been studied between 300 and 500 K in the VT-SIFT and between 500 and 1400 K in a high-temperature flowing afterglow (HTFA) apparatus to investigate the role of rovibrational energy. The effect of translational energy in these reactions has been investigated with a guided-ion beam (GIB) apparatus using a high-temperature octopole (HT8P) operating under single collision conditions. In the GIB-HT8P experiments, the center-of-mass collision energy was varied from ca. 0.1 to 7 eV for reactions of NO+ and O-2(+). and the target gas temperature was varied between 300 and 800 K. All reactions are Found to proceed near the capture rate at all temperatures studied. The reactions proceed primarily by nondissociative and dissociative charge transfer except for the reaction involving NO+, where the dissociation products observed in the HTFA experiments at high temperature are attributed to thermal decomposition of the charge-transfer product ions. Generally, electronic and vibrational energy are both very effective in promoting dissociation while translational energy is found to be less effective. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Chem & Life Sci Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 45 BP 10336 EP 10346 DI 10.1021/jp001428n PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 374QG UT WOS:000165355400036 ER PT J AU Mourad, C Gianardi, D Malloy, KJ Kaspi, R AF Mourad, C Gianardi, D Malloy, KJ Kaspi, R TI 2 mu m GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb midinfrared laser grown digitally on GaSb by modulated-molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Stimulated emission at 1.994 mum was demonstrated from an optically pumped, double quantum well, semiconductor laser that was digitally grown by modulated-molecular beam epitaxy. This "digital growth" consists of short period superlattices of the ternary GaInAs/GaInSb and GaAsSb/GaSb/AlGaSb/GaSb alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy with the intent of approximating the band gaps of quaternary GaInAsSb and AlGaAsSb alloys in the active region and barriers of the laser, respectively. For a 50 mus pulse and a 200 Hz repetition rate, the threshold current density was 104 W/cm(2) at 82 K. The characteristic temperature (T-0) was 104 K, the maximum operating temperature was 320 K and the peak output power was 1.895 W/facet at 82 K with pumping power of 7.83 W. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)04023-8]. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DELS,Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Mourad, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Malloy, Kevin/E-5994-2010 NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 10 BP 5543 EP 5546 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)04023-8] DI 10.1063/1.1319967 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MA UT WOS:000165068700005 ER PT J AU Dressler, RA Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Ng, CY AF Dressler, RA Chiu, YH Levandier, DJ Ng, CY TI Collision-induced dissociation dynamics in O-2(+)+Ne(Ar) collisions: The role of electronic excitation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GUIDED-ION BEAM; RESOLUTION PHOTOFRAGMENT SPECTROSCOPY; 1ST NEGATIVE SYSTEM; CHARGE-TRANSFER; LOW ENERGIES; PREDISSOCIATION; PHOTOELECTRON; LASER; O-2 AB Integral collision-induced dissociation (CID) cross sections at center-of-mass (CM) energies ranging from threshold to 22 eV and product ion recoil velocity distributions are presented for O-2(+)+Ne(Ar) collisions. The O-2(+) ions are produced in an electron impact ion source and thus have similar to0.5 eV of vibrational energy. The O-2(+)+Ne CID cross sections are observed at energies below the 0 K thermodynamic threshold of 6.66 eV, implying the possibility of significant vibrational effects. A second CID threshold is apparent at 9 +/-1 eV. This is close to the charge-transfer (CT) threshold energy. No CT products are observed. The O-2(+)+Ar CID cross section rises rapidly above a relative translational energy onset of 7.5 +/-0.2 eV and reaches a maximum value of similar to0.8 Angstrom (2) at 14 eV (CM). A CT onset of 6.0 +/-0.2 eV is observed which is close to the thermodynamic threshold for CID. The energy dependence of the CT cross section is very similar to the CID cross section except for a small step at energies where CID becomes efficient. The CID recoil velocity distributions near threshold are centered at the CM velocity and shift to forward preference at higher energies. The O-2(+)+Ar CT recoil velocities are forward scattered near threshold and become centered with respect to the CM velocity at energies where competition with CID is apparent. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)00243-9]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 19 BP 8561 EP 8566 AR PII [S0021-9606(00)00243-9] DI 10.1063/1.1317550 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 369TR UT WOS:000165083500018 ER PT J AU Beaucage, G Banach, MJ Vaia, RA AF Beaucage, G Banach, MJ Vaia, RA TI Relaxation of polymer thin films in isothermal temperature-jump measurements SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polymer relaxation; thin films; ellipsometer; thermal expansion; poly(methymethacrylate) (PMMA) ID STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; VOLUME; RECOVERY; GLASS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); TRANSITION; ACETATE) AB The dynamic behavior of thin polymer films is of interest in the fabrication of microelectronics and optoelectronics and in the coatings industry. It is known that polymer relaxation is affected by film thickness and the particular substrate/polymer pair. We previously used a spectroscopic ellipsometer to investigate the glass transition in thin films. In addition to information on the modification of thermal transitions such as the glass-transition temperature, the speed of data acquisition in an automated, spectroscopic ellipsometer, operated at a single wavelength of 780 nm, allows for the direct observation of the isothermal dimensions of a thin polymer film as a function of time after a rapid temperature change. In this article, we discuss recent results from the observation of the time dependence of film-normal thickness and normalized, in-plane, lateral dimension as well as simple fits to this relaxation behavior in terms of a normalized viscosity and relaxation time. The results support a highly asymmetric initial thermal expansion normal to the film followed by close to isotropic relaxation and anisotropic "flow" (the flow in response to the vanishingly small shears of thermal expansion). These features may clarify issues involving the observation of chain confinement in thin polymer films in terms of potential differences between equilibrium and dynamic measurements. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Phys, Cambridge, England. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Beaucage, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 38 IS 22 BP 2929 EP 2936 DI 10.1002/1099-0488(20001115)38:22<2929::AID-POLB80>3.3.CO;2-Z PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 367VC UT WOS:000090081300008 ER PT J AU Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP AF Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP TI Utilization of surface tension and wettability in the design and operation of microsensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE micro-sensors; microfluidics; surface tension; wettability AB The behavior of fluid droplets contained within shaped capillaries and voids can be utilized to convert forces acting upon the droplets to observable displacements which accurately and reproducibly quantify these forces. The position of droplets within such micro-sensors is governed by surface tension, wettability, and the geometric configuration of the confining walls. These micro-sensors have no mechanical moving parts to wear out and are inherently immune to many orders-of-magnitude over-actuation. If non-wetting fluids are employed, the micro-sensors can also be made to operate as micro-valves, micro-switches, optical micro-shutters and irises, as well as other devices. Both circular and non-circular confining structures can be employed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, AFRL, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hoffman, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, AFRL, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00591-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 380MU UT WOS:000165706300011 ER PT J AU Mehrotra, KG Kulkarni, PM Tripathi, RC Michalek, JE AF Mehrotra, KG Kulkarni, PM Tripathi, RC Michalek, JE TI Maximum likelihood estimation for longitudinal data with truncated observations SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; HALF-LIFE; REGRESSION; VETERANS; SUBJECT; BIAS AB We obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters when the observations on the response variable in a repeated measures design are truncated above a cutpoint. The maximum likelihood equations are solved iteratively using an EM-like procedure. It is observed that these estimates have smaller mean squared error than recently proposed iterative weighted least-squares estimates. The results are applied to data arising from a study of dioxin elimination in Air Force veterans. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 AFRL, HEDB, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13224 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Math & Stat, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), AFRL, HEDB, 2606 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 21 BP 2975 EP 2988 DI 10.1002/1097-0258(20001115)19:21<2975::AID-SIM598>3.3.CO;2-N PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 370DB UT WOS:000165106800006 PM 11042627 ER PT J AU Jenkins, S Jacob, KI Polk, MB Kumar, S Dang, TD Arnold, FE AF Jenkins, S Jacob, KI Polk, MB Kumar, S Dang, TD Arnold, FE TI Structure, morphology, and properties of methyl-pendant poly(p-phenylene benzobisimidazole) and methyl-pendant poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RIGID-ROD POLYMER; HIGH-PERFORMANCE FIBERS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CROSS-LINKING; PBZT FIBERS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; PIPD; TENSILE; M5 AB Monomethyl-pendant poly(p-phenylene benzobisimidazole) (MePBI) has been spun into fiber and compared with an analogous methyl pendant poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (MePBZT). From FTIR and WAXD, the former system has been found to exhibit intermolecular hydrogen bonding, while the latter possesses only weak van der Waals interactions. The thermomechanical properties of both systems, as examined by TGA, TMA, and DMS, are presented and discussed. A crystal structure of MePBI is proposed, which suggests intermolecular hydrogen bonding only between pairs of chains within the MePBI crystal. As compared to MePBZT and other rigid-rod polymers where the intermolecular hydrogen bond is not present, MePBI has higher compressive strength. The relatively high compressive strength of MePBI is attributed to increased intermolecular association, as opposed to differences in morphology. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 14 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 23 BP 8731 EP 8738 DI 10.1021/ma000790x PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 374WG UT WOS:000165366900029 ER PT J AU Carey, SJ Feldman, PA Redman, RO Egan, MP MacLeod, JM Price, SD AF Carey, SJ Feldman, PA Redman, RO Egan, MP MacLeod, JM Price, SD TI Submillimeter observations of Midcourse Space Experiment galactic infrared-dark clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : ISM : continuum; ISM : clouds; stars : formation; submillimeter ID STAR-FORMATION; REGIONS; SCUBA AB We present 850 and 450 mum continuum images of infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) taken with the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) submillimeter camera at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The IRDCs are large (1-10 pc diameter) molecular cores with gas densities similar to 10(6) cm(-3) and temperatures approximate to 15 K. We detected strong submillimeter sources with peak flux densities of approximate to1 Jy beam(-1) at 850 mum in all eight clouds that were observed. The submillimeter emission generally lies within the envelope of the mid-infrared extinction where dense gas has been detected using H(2)CO as a tracer. The dust temperatures in the bright, compact sources are calculated to lie in the range 10-25 K. The masses of these sources are estimated to be in the range of several tens up to about a thousand solar masses. The corresponding gas column densities range over an order of magnitude, up to about 10(23) cm(-2). Several of the sources are detected in emission at both 850 and 8 mum Two of the sources have HCO(+) line profiles characteristic of molecular infall. It is likely that the bright, compact sources seen in the SCUBA images are in various early stages of star formation, from preprotostellar cores to class I objects. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. USAF, Dept Air Force, VSBC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Carey, SJ (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM careysa@bc.edu; paul.feldman@nrc.ca; russell.redman@nrc.ca; michael.egan2@hanscom.af.mil; john.macleod@nrc.ca; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2000 VL 543 IS 2 BP L157 EP L161 DI 10.1086/317270 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 378TE UT WOS:000165599400016 ER PT J AU Zacharski, LR Ornstein, DL AF Zacharski, LR Ornstein, DL TI Venous thromboembolism and cancer. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, White River Junction, VT 05009 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Zacharski, LR (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, White River Junction, VT 05009 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 2 PY 2000 VL 343 IS 18 BP 1338 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 368RP UT WOS:000090131600016 PM 11183567 ER PT J AU Gill, SA Meier, PA Kendall, BS AF Gill, SA Meier, PA Kendall, BS TI Use of desmin immunohistochemistry to distinguish between mesothelial cells and carcinoma in serous fluid cell block preparations SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE desmin; immunohistochemistry; mesothelium; serous fluid; cell blocks ID MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; SELECTIVE MARKER; EFFUSIONS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; CALRETININ; EXPRESSION; CYTOLOGY; SPECIMENS; TUMORS AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of immunohistochemical stains for desmin in discriminating mesothelial cells from adenocarcinoma in serous fluid cell block preparations. STUDY DESIGN: Cell block preparations from 22 cases (representing 18 patients) that were positive for carcinoma and 5 cases that were negative for malignancy were immunostained with an antibody to desmin. Positive staining was evaluated and scored semiquantitatively in both tumor cells and background mesothelial cells in the malignant cases and mesothelial cells in the negative controls. Staining was evaluated with a score of 0-3 for intensity and 0-5 for distribution. The sum of the two scores was recorded as the total score (TS). RESULTS: Mesothelial cells from all the carcinoma and benign cases stained with desmin (median TS=5.5, range 4-8), typically strong in intensity and widespread in distribution. Positivity was observed in carcinoma cells in all cases, typically weak and focal (range 2-4). Using a total score of 4 as a cutoff for definitively positive staining, desmin staining was positive in mesothelial cells in 25/25 cases and carcinoma cells in 1/22 cases (P < .0001, Fisher's exact test). Additionally, using the Mann-Whitney ranked sum test on the 20 cases with evaluable mesothelial cells, the medians of the total scores for mesothelial cells (5.5) and carcinoma cells (2.5) were significantly different (P < .0001). CONCLUSION A total score of greater than or equal to4 was significantly associated with mesothelial cell staining. Use of desmin immunohistochemical staining in cell block preparations may be helpful in distinguishing between mesothelial cells and carcinoma. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Gill, SA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 6 BP 976 EP 980 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 378CX UT WOS:000165568400007 PM 11127755 ER PT J AU Kimmel, R Orkwis, P Smith, D Lurie, E AF Kimmel, R Orkwis, P Smith, D Lurie, E TI Fluid dynamics enters the 21st century SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Kimmel, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 38 IS 11 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 376ZN UT WOS:000165487500009 ER PT J AU Walker, SH AF Walker, SH TI The art of flow control SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Walker, SH (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 38 IS 11 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 376ZN UT WOS:000165487500010 ER PT J AU Arnette, SA Carter, CD AF Arnette, SA Carter, CD TI Two-color planar Doppler velocimetry SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL RESOLUTION LIDAR; HIGH-SPEED FLOWS AB A novel two-color approach to planar Doppler velocimetry (PDV) is demonstrated in a supersonic how The technique was implemented using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser and a Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser (lambda = 618 mn) for illumination and a color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for detection. In testing two-color PDV, we obtain good agreement between experimental and theoretical velocities (difference of similar to 11%) in a compressible freejet how The two-color approach enjoys an inherent advantage over single-color systems in that both the filtered and reference dow images are captured with a single camera The need to split the scattering (and direct to two cameras) is eliminated, and the fields of view of the filtered and reference images are naturally aligned. Thus, the difficulty of experimental setup, which is an impediment to the wide application of PDV, is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the needed equipment, at least for one velocity component, was essentially that employed for particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV). However, as a tradeoff one must characterize the irradiance distributions of the two laser sheets, as well as carefully overlap the tao sheets within the probe region, and record the beam energies for the two lasers on a shot-by shot basis. Furthermore, as seed particle size increases beyond the Rayleigh limit (where d(Rayleigh) < 100 nm for visible wavelengths) the ratio of red and green scattering signals will depend on particle size. Nonetheless, the ease with which the two-color PDV technique can be applied, and its complementary nature with equipment needed for Pn! makes it attractive. The strengths and weaknesses of our particular approach are discussed, namely CCD color bleed effects, as are potential alternatives. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arnette, SA (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2001 EP 2006 DI 10.2514/2.868 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 370RQ UT WOS:000165136400001 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV Visbal, MR AF Gaitonde, DV Visbal, MR TI Pade-type higher-older boundary filters for the Navier-Stokes equations SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; RESOLUTION AB The use of procedures based on higher-order finite-difference formulas is extended to solve complex fluid-dynamic problems on highly curvilinear discretizations and with multidomain approaches. The accuracy limitations of previous near-boundary compact filter treatments are overcome by derivation of a superior higher-order approach. For solving the Navier-Stokes equations, this boundary component is coupled to interior difference and filter schemes with emphasis on Pade-type operators. The high-order difference and filter formulas are also combined with finite-sized overlaps to yield stable and accurate interface treatments for use with domain-decomposition strategies. Numerous steady and unsteady, viscous and inviscid flow computations on curvilinear meshes with explicit and implicit time-integration methods demonstrate the versatility of the new boundary schemes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2103 EP 2112 DI 10.2514/2.872 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 370RQ UT WOS:000165136400013 ER PT J AU Dawson, DL Cutler, BS Hiatt, WR Hobson, RW Martin, JD Bortey, EB Forbes, WP Strandness, DE AF Dawson, DL Cutler, BS Hiatt, WR Hobson, RW Martin, JD Bortey, EB Forbes, WP Strandness, DE TI A comparison of cilostazol and pentoxifylline for treating intermittent claudication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; ARTERIAL-DISEASE; DRUG-TREATMENT; METAANALYSIS; MULTICENTER; MANAGEMENT AB PURPOSE: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of cilostazol and pentoxifylline. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients with moderate-to-severe claudication from 54 outpatient vascular clinics, including sites at Air Force, Veterans Affairs, tertiary care, and university medical centers in the United States. Of 922 consenting patients, 698 met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to blinded treatment with either cilostazol (100 mg orally twice a day), pentoxifylline (400 mg orally 3 times a day), or placebo. We measured maximal walking distance with constant-speed, variable-grade treadmill testing at baseline and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. RESULTS: Mean maximal walking distance of cilostazol-treated patients (n = 227) was significantly greater at every postbaseline visit compared with patients who received pentoxifylline (n = 232) or placebo (n = 239). After 24 weeks of treatment, mean maximal walking distance increased by a mean of 107 m (a mean percent increase of 54% from baseline) in the cilostazol group, significantly more than the 64-m improvement (a 30% mean percent increase) with pentoxifylline (P <0.001). The improvement with pentoxifylline was similar (P = 0.82) to that in the placebo group (65 m, a 34% mean percent increase). Deaths and serious adverse event rates were similar in each group. Side effects (including headache, palpitations, and diarrhea) were more common in the cilostazol-treated patients, but withdrawal rates were similar in the cilostazol (16%) and pentoxifylline (19%) groups. CONCLUSION: Cilostazol was significantly better than pentoxifylline or placebo for increasing walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication, but was associated with a greater frequency of minor side effects. Pentoxifylline and placebo had similar effects. Am J Med. 2000;109:523-530. (C) 2000 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Otsuka Amer Pharmaceut Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dawson, DL (reprint author), NASA, Div Med Sci, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code SD,2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 22 TC 204 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 4 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 109 IS 7 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00569-6 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 370HP UT WOS:000165117700001 PM 11063952 ER PT J AU Van de Graaff, E Steinhubl, SR AF Van de Graaff, E Steinhubl, SR TI Antiplatelet medications and their indications in preventing and treating coronary thrombosis SO ANNALS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acute coronary syndromes; aspirin; blood platelets; coronary disease; coronary thrombosis; myocardial ischaemia; platelet aggregation; platelet aggregation inhibitors; platelet glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa complex ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HIGH-RISK PATIENTS; LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; UNSTABLE ANGINA; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; STENT IMPLANTATION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; ARTERY DISEASE; TICLOPIDINE AB Platelets play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and complications following percutaneous coronary intervention. Three classes of platelet-inhibiting drugs, aspirin, thienopyridines and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, are now commonly used for the prevention and treatment of disorders of coronary artery thrombosis. For the last several decades aspirin has been the sole option for antiplatelet therapy in the treatment and prevention of the manifestations of cardiovascular disease. However, a wider selection of antiplatelet agents, including the thienopyridines (ticlopidine and clopidogrel) and the platelet glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, are now available and provide clinicians with the opportunity to potentially improve upon the previous gold standard of aspirin. This review summarizes these drugs and the scientific data that have led to their use in primary and secondary prevention, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and percutaneous coronary intervention. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0785-3890 J9 ANN MED JI Ann. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 32 IS 8 BP 561 EP 571 DI 10.3109/07853890008998836 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 378VW UT WOS:000165606700007 PM 11127934 ER PT J AU Ross, M Worrell, TW AF Ross, M Worrell, TW TI Electrical stimulation for anterior cruciate ligament-reconstruction rehabilitation SO ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY LA English DT Article DE knee surgery; quadriceps; strengthening ID REFLEX INHIBITION; MUSCLE; SURGERY; EXERCISE; STRENGTH AB The ability to activate the quadriceps in the early stages after ACL reconstruction is limited because of reflex mystic inhibition that results from knee pain and effusion. Electrical stimulation in the early stages after ACL reconstruction has been shown to diminish quadriceps strength loss and normalize gait. The long-term benefits of electrical stimulation after ACL reconstruction are not known. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dr Phys Therapy Program, Durham, NC USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1078-7895 J9 ATHLET THER TODAY JI Athlet. Ther. Today PD NOV PY 2000 VL 5 IS 6 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 389VV UT WOS:000166260100015 ER PT J AU Young, PA Perez-Becerra, J Ivan, D AF Young, PA Perez-Becerra, J Ivan, D TI Aircrew visors and color vision performance: A comparative and preliminary pilot study analysis SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE color vision; neutral density filter; short wavelength absorbing filters; high contrast visor; laser eye protection; and visual enhancement ID MUNSELL 100-HUE TEST; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; VISUAL-ACUITY; FILTERS; LENSES AB Background: A very important aspect of visual performance to consider, for present and future recommendations regarding aircrew visors, concerns their impact on color vision. The literature has remained mostly inconclusive with respect to the human perceptual process of colors during actual mission employment. Objective: This study uses active duty military aircrews to provide objective and valuable information on the effects of Short Wavelength Absorbing Filters (SWAFs), such as the nigh Contrast Visor (HCV), and some selected waveband type Laser Eye Protection (LEP) visors on color vision. It provides a direct comparison of several current and proposed aircrew eye protective visors with respect to their effects on color vision. The data analyzed in this study will also be used to support a recommendation regarding a new optimal visor for aircrew wear during air to air (and ground) engagements, for sun protection, and possible visual enhancement in order to improve user compliance. Methods: Seven volunteers on active flying status each underwent comprehensive color vision testing with and without seven of the U.S. Air Force's (USAF's) current or proposed aircrew visors/filters. Spectral transmissions of these visors/filters were obtained to identify and determine their individual characteristics which included their ability to induce acquired color vision decrements in "color normal" individuals. Results: The widely utilized USAF HCV significantly degraded color vision more than luminosity matched neutral density visors. Abrupt color vision decrements for specifically fielded LEP visors were also noted. Their objective data supported theoretical and speculated color vision effects. Even though low transmittance neutral density visors did have some effect on color vision, decrement severity was not considered significant enough to affect overall performance during color vision testing. Conclusions and Discussion: Because of their ability to significantly affect color vision, concerns regarding the use of HCV and LEP visors should entail age, baseline color vision, environmental, and mission factors. Further testing should be done to evaluate the definitive effects that these visors actually have on the recognition of color symbology of Multi Function and Electronic Flight information Displays. Findings in this study also support theoretical opinions that Encourage the fielding of a neutral density filter (mildly tinted) with an overall transmission of 25-49%. Its use by flyers during low and bright illuminant conditions may greatly enhance visual performance by encouraging wearer compliance while allowing colors to be perceived normally. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Ophthalmol Branch, Clin Sci Div,Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Young, PA (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Med Grp 31 AMDS, Unit 6180, Box 0245, APO, AE 09601 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1081 EP 1092 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 371CE UT WOS:000165159600001 PM 11086660 ER PT J AU Sneeder, WH AF Sneeder, WH TI Medication use in a group of aircraft mechanics SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aircraft mechanic; maintenance; aircraft mishap; accident; aviation safety; human factors; medical surveillance; medications; performance; cognition; motor skill ID PERFORMANCE AB Background: Aeromedical studies of human factors have focused on the pilot and pilot error rather than on aircraft maintenance workers and maintenance error. This is a report of a survey on medication use in a group of U.S. Air Force aircraft mechanics. Methods: A questionnaire was used to retrospectively examine aircraft mechanic medication use, side effects experienced, and return to work. Results: Of those surveyed, 67% (26/39) returned to work while taking medication that could potentially impair job performance. Conclusion: For flying safety reasons, occupational medicine education for aircraft mechanics and their supervisors should address on-the-job use of prescribed medication and self-medication. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Sneeder, WH (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AF base, 136 Argo Ave, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1148 EP 1150 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 371CE UT WOS:000165159600012 PM 11086671 ER PT J AU Brown, JM Curliss, D Vaia, RA AF Brown, JM Curliss, D Vaia, RA TI Thermoset-layered silicate nanocomposites. quaternary ammonium montmorillonite with primary diamine cured epoxies SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYIMIDE CLAY HYBRID; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMER; REINFORCEMENT; EXFOLIATION; MAGADIITE AB The role of various quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonites in epoxy/diamine nanocomposite formation is examined to further refine the criteria for selection of organic modifiers necessary to enable fabrication of thermoset resins containing nanoscale dispersions of inorganic phases. Utilization of a hydroxyl-substituted quaternary ammonium modifier affords flexibility to combine both catalytic functionality, which increases the intragallery reaction rate, with enhanced miscibility toward both reagents. The rheological implications of these processing techniques are discussed with regards to using thermoset nanocomposites as a matrix in conventional fiber reinforced composites. The use of a low-boiling solvent to enhance mixability and processability of the initial mixtures is shown not to alter the structure or properties of the final nanocomposite. Also, the use of autoclave techniques enabled fabrication of high-quality specimens containing up to 20 wt % organically modified layered silicate (OLS). Finally, exfoliated and partially exfoliated epoxy/diamine nanocomposites were produced with enhanced heat-distortion temperature and increased flammability resistance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 229 Z9 231 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3376 EP 3384 DI 10.1021/cm000477+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 376NC UT WOS:000165462800025 ER PT J AU Littlejohn, K DelPrincipe, MV Preston, JD AF Littlejohn, K DelPrincipe, MV Preston, JD TI Embedded information system re-engineering SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Currently fielded embedded information systems face readiness challenges imposed by evolving missions and extended service lifespans. The ability to overcome these challenges is constrained by such factors as shrinking budgets, limited computational capacity and diminished manufacturing sources (DMS) effects that impact both hardware and software options. Wholesale redevelopment is often cost prohibitive, particularly since large portions of embedded applications continue to fulfill mission requirements. Solutions must preserve prior investments while providing efficient pathways for continued technology refresh. The Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate, Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems (LMTAS), and Xinotech Research, Inc. are creating a technology solution for affordable modernization of legacy system software. The Embedded Information System Re-engineering (EISR) project is developing an automation-assisted JOVIAL-to-C re-engineering capability that permits simultaneous modernization of both the structure and source language of legacy embedded applications. Engineers will be able to apply the proven labor-saving visualization and analysis features of modern CASE tools to legacy JOVIAL applications. EISR will thus allow the DoD to recapture previous investments in proven legacy algorithms and mission capabilities while permitting the full exploitation of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) economies of scale. This paper describes in brief the goals and objectives of the EISR project, and provides the current status of the EISR capability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFTA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lockheed Martin Tact Aircraft Syst, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. RP Littlejohn, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFTA, 2241 Avion Circle,Suite 32, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 15 IS 11 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 376TN UT WOS:000165473000002 ER PT J AU Zetocha, P Self, L Wainwright, R Burns, R Brito, M Surka, D AF Zetocha, P Self, L Wainwright, R Burns, R Brito, M Surka, D TI Commanding and controlling satellite clusters SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS & THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Princeton Satellite Syst, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Zetocha, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1094-7167 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST APP JI IEEE Intell. Syst. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 15 IS 6 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1109/5254.895850 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 391LX UT WOS:000166358400004 ER PT J AU Butler, JT Bright, VM AF Butler, JT Bright, VM TI An embedded overlay concept for microsystems packaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article DE Chip-on-flex; microelectromechanical systems; microsystems packaging ID TECHNOLOGY; ABLATION AB An embedded overlay concept for packaging hybrid components containing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is described, This packaging process is a derivative of the chip-on-flex (COF) process currently used for microelectronics packaging. COB is a high performance, multichip packaging technology in which die are encased in a molded plastic substrate and interconnects are made via a thin-film structure formed over the components. A laser ablation process has been developed which enables selected areas of the COF overlay to be efficiently ablated with minimal impact to the packaged MEMS devices, Analysis and characterization of the ablation procedures used in the standard COF process was performed to design a new procedure which minimized the potential for heat damage to exposed MEMS devices. The COF/MEMS packaging technology is well-suited for many microsystem packaging applications such as micro-optics and radio frequency (RF) devices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 373QD UT WOS:000165299400005 ER PT J AU Dalke, RA Holloway, CL McKenna, P Johansson, M Ali, AS AF Dalke, RA Holloway, CL McKenna, P Johansson, M Ali, AS TI Effects of reinforced concrete structures on RF communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); propagation model; reflection and transmission coefficient; reinforced concrete ID PROPAGATION; REFLECTION; EQUATIONS AB The proliferation of communication systems used in and around man-made structures has resulted in a growing need to determine the reflection and transmission properties of various commonly used building materials at radio frequencies typically used in businesses and residential environments. This paper describes the calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients for reinforced concrete walls as a function of wall thicknesses and rebar lattice configuration over a frequency range of 100-6000 MHz. The transmission and reflection coefficients were calculated using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solution of Maxwell's equations. The rebar structures analyzed include both a two-dimensional (2-D) trellis-like structure and a one-dimensional (1-D) structure, where the reenforcing bars are all oriented in the same direction. In general, the results show that the reinforced concrete structures severely attenuate signals with wavelengths that are much larger than the rebar lattice and that the transmitted signal has a complex structure with resonances and nulls that strongly depend upon the geometry of the reinforcing structure and the concrete wall thickness. C1 US Dept Commerce, Inst Telecommun Sci, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Ericsson Microwave Syst, Core Unit Antenna Technol, SE-43184 Molndal, Sweden. USAF, Res Labs, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Dalke, RA (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Inst Telecommun Sci, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 16 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 42 IS 4 BP 486 EP 496 DI 10.1109/15.902318 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 401TB UT WOS:000166943400019 ER PT J AU Mason, PA Hurt, WD Walters, TJ D'Andrea, JA Gajsek, P Ryan, KL Nelson, DA Smith, KI Ziriax, JM AF Mason, PA Hurt, WD Walters, TJ D'Andrea, JA Gajsek, P Ryan, KL Nelson, DA Smith, KI Ziriax, JM TI Effects of frequency, permittivity, and voxel size on predicted specific absorption rate values in biological tissue during electromagnetic-field exposure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE computer modeling; conductivity; dielectric values; dosimetry; finite difference time domain; radio-frequency radiation ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; HUMAN-MODEL; RESOLUTION; SKIN; GHZ; SAR; HZ AB Current electromagnetic-held (EMF) exposure limits have been based, in part, on the amount of energy absorbed by the whole body, However, it is known that energy is absorbed nonuniformly during EMF exposure, The development and widespread use of sophisticated three-dimensional anatomical models to calculate specific-absorption-rate (SAR) values in biological material has resulted in the need to understand how model parameters affect predicted SAR values. This paper demonstrate the effects of manipulating frequency, permittivity values, and voxel size on SAR values calculated by a finite-difference time-domain program in digital homogenous sphere models and heterogeneous models of rat and man. The predicted SAR values are compared to empirical data from infrared thermography and implanted temperature probes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Inst Publ Hlth Republ Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2050 EP 2058 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 375GE UT WOS:000165390500010 ER PT J AU Nelson, DA Nelson, MT Walters, TJ Mason, PA AF Nelson, DA Nelson, MT Walters, TJ Mason, PA TI Skin heating effects of millimeter-wave irradiation - Thermal modeling results SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BRAIN TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE AB Millimeter microwaves (MMWs) are a subset of RF in the 30-300-GHz range. The proliferation of devices that operate in the MMW range has been accompanied by increased concern about their safety. As MMW irradiation has a very shallow penetration in tissue, the specific absorption rate is not a relevant parameter for dosimetry purposes. A thermal modeling program was used to investigate the tissue heating effects of MMW irradiation (100 GHz nominal) on the primate head. The objectives were to determine the extent to which the surface and subsurface tissue temperatures depend on applied energy density and the effects of blood flow and surface cooling on tissue temperatures, Two power ranges were considered: short-duration exposure to high-power microwaves (HPMs), with power densities of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 W . cm(-2) for 3 s, and longer duration exposure to low-power microwaves (LPMs), with power densities of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 W . cm(-2) for 30 s. The applied energies were comparable for both HPM and LPM exposures. We found both surface and subsurface temperatures increase as the energy level increases, with HPMs having a higher peak temperature than the LPMs for similar exposure energy densities. The surface temperature increase is linear with energy density for the HPMs, except under combined conditions of high blood flow (blood-flow rate of 8 x 10(-3) g . s(-1) . cm(-3)) and high-energy density (greater than 7.5 J . cm(-2)). The LPM surface temperatures are not linear with incident energy, The peak surface temperature is affected by environmental conditions (convection coefficient, sweat rate.) The magnitude of the temperature increase due to MMW exposure did not change with environmental conditions. The subsurface temperature increases are considerably damped, compared to the surface temperatures. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Nelson, DA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2111 EP 2120 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 375GE UT WOS:000165390500018 ER PT J AU Erwin, RS Bernstein, DS Wilson, DA AF Erwin, RS Bernstein, DS Wilson, DA TI Fixed-structure synthesis of induced-norm controllers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB This paper proposes a fixed-structure technique for synthesizing controllers that are optimal with respect to various operator norms. An optimal control problem is developed for each of these operator norms, and necessary conditions for sub-optimal performance are derived. Mixed-norm optimal control problems are also formulated. A continuation algorithm using quasi-Newton corrections is used to compute approximate solutions of the necessary conditions for a sequence of problems whose solutions approach an optimal controller. Optimal controllers with respect to each of the operator norms are synthesized for a 4th-order mass-spring-dashpot system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Erwin, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSV, Bldg 472, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM richard.erwin@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD NOV PY 2000 VL 73 IS 16 BP 1437 EP 1448 DI 10.1080/00207170050163314 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 365HY UT WOS:000089946900001 ER PT J AU Lambert, DE Ross, CA AF Lambert, DE Ross, CA TI Strain rate effects on dynamic fracture and strength SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PROCESS ZONE LENGTH; CONCRETE; ENERGY; TESTS AB An experimental procedure and accompanying theoretical analysis is presented to produce a well characterized technique for quantifying dynamic fracture properties of quasi-brittle materials. An analytical and experimental investigation of mode I fracture of concrete was conducted under the dynamic loading of a split Hopkinson pressure bar. Fracture specimens in the form of notched-cavity splitting tension cylinders were subjected to stress wave loading that produced strain rates nearing 10/s. Fracture parameters were extracted by the application of the two-parameter fracture model, a nonlinear fracture model for quasi-brittle materials. Finite element analysis verified the experimental configuration and addressed inertial contributions within the dynamic environment. Ultra-high-speed digital photography was synchronized with the fracture process to provide additional validation and insight to the experimental technique. Results show that the effective fracture toughness and specimen strength both increase significantly with loading rate. The numeric and photographic results validate the experimental technique as a new tool in determining rate dependent material properties. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Damage Mechanisms Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, Grad Engn & Res Ctr, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Lambert, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Damage Mechanisms Branch, 101 W Eglin Pkwy,Suite 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM lamberde@eglin.af.mil NR 14 TC 45 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 24 IS 10 BP 985 EP 998 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00027-0 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 358RL UT WOS:000089570900001 ER PT J AU Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS AF Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS TI Theoretical model for excited-state absorbtion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Sanibel Symposium CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 2000 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA SP IBM Corp, HyperCube Inc, Univ Florida DE two-photon absorption; ab initio theory; quantum chemistry ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION AB For long incident pulses, measurement of two-photon absorption coefficients can be complicated by excited-state absorption. We develop here a quantitative ab initio model to determine the contribution of excited-state absorption in the interpretation of the two-photon absorption data for such materials. We present representative calculations of this effect for some selected systems. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 80 IS 4-5 BP 1039 EP 1042 DI 10.1002/1097-461X(2000)80:4/5<1039::AID-QUA52>3.0.CO;2-E PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 370DP UT WOS:000165108300051 ER PT J AU Shang, JS Ganguly, B Umstattd, R Hayes, J Arman, M Bletzinger, P AF Shang, JS Ganguly, B Umstattd, R Hayes, J Arman, M Bletzinger, P TI Developing a facility for magnetoaerodynamic experiments SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB Significant progress has been made in researching key components for a magnetoaerodynamic hypersonic experimental facility. A wind tunnel, which operates at a nominal Mach number of 6, has been restored to running condition and yielded preliminary data on aerodynamic drag and shock bifurcation for a jet spike. Plasma generation via radio-frequency (RF) radiation has also shown promise in providing a fairly uniform field around the PT-signal-carrying electrode. A technique for measuring temperature of weakly ionized air has been accomplished based on rotational spectra of vibrionic excitation of nitrogen. These newly acquired techniques are being integrated to create an interdisciplinary simulation facility. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Excellence Computat Simulat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Excellence Computat Simulat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1072 DI 10.2514/2.2712 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 381TA UT WOS:000165778500016 ER PT J AU Tankersley, MS Butler, KK Butler, WK Goetz, DW AF Tankersley, MS Butler, KK Butler, WK Goetz, DW TI Local reactions during allergen immunotherapy do not require dose adjustment SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergen vaccine; immunotherapy; anaphylaxis AB Background: The recent World Health Organization position paper on allergen immunotherapy states that local reactions to immunotherapy are not predictive of subsequent systemic reactions. Nevertheless, in clinical practice dose adjustment after local reactions continues to be recommended, presumably in an effort to prevent future systemic reactions. Objective: We sought to determine whether dose adjustment versus no adjustment for local reactions during allergen immunotherapy influences the occurrence of subsequent systemic reactions. Methods: In a single-site allergy clinic before October 1, 1997, local reactions after allergen vaccine injection resulted in adjustment of the subsequent dose. After October 1, 1997, no dose adjustments were made for immediate and late local reactions, For the same 9-month period before and after the change in local reaction dose-adjustment policy, systemic reaction rates were compared retrospectively. For individuals experiencing a systemic reaction, local reaction rates and local reactions immediately preceding a systemic reaction were also compared before and after the policy change. Results: Comparing the 9-month period (October 1996-June 1997) preceding the policy change and the 9 months (October 1997-June 1998) after the change in policy, the systemic reaction rates (0.80% and 1.01%, respectively) were not statistically different (P =.24). Among those experiencing a systemic reaction, the rate of local reactions was unchanged (7.3 % and 4.7%, respectively; P =.07), and the rate of local reactions immediately preceding a systemic reaction did not increase (18.8% and 10.5%, respectively; P =.37), The sensitivity of a local reaction predicting a systemic reaction at the next immunotherapy dose was 15%. Conclusions: A local reaction is a very insensitive predictor for a subsequent systemic reaction at the next allergen vaccine dose. Dose adjustment for most local reactions is unnecessary and may delay therapy, increase costs, and put the patient at increased risk of dose administration errors. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tankersley, MS (reprint author), 3MDG-GOMA,5955 Zeamer Ave, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. NR 7 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 106 IS 5 BP 840 EP 843 DI 10.1067/mai.2000.110468 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 417ZK UT WOS:000167865200006 PM 11080704 ER PT J AU Webb, DF AF Webb, DF TI Understanding CMEs and their source regions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUGG/IAGA General Assembly CY JUL, 1999 CL UNIV BIRMINGHAM, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP IUGG, IAGA, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys HO UNIV BIRMINGHAM DE solar activity; coronal mass ejections; magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; EARTH CONNECTION EVENT; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; X-RAY EVENTS; SOLAR-WIND; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SMM OBSERVATIONS; JANUARY 1997; SPACECRAFT; ORIGIN AB CMEs are an important aspect of coronal and interplanetary dynamics. They can eject large amounts of mass and magnetic fields into the heliosphere which can drive large geomagnetic storms and interplanetary shocks, a key source of solar energetic particles. However, our knowledge of the origins and early development of CMEs at the Sun is limited. CMEs are most frequently associated with erupting prominences and long-enduring X-ray arcades, but sometimes with weak or no observed surface activity. I review some of the well-determined coronal properties of CMEs and what we know about their source regions, including recent studies using Yohkoh,SOHO and radio data. One exciting, new type of observation is of halo-like CMEs which suggest the launch of a geoeffective disturbance toward Earth. Besides their utility for forecasting the arrival at Earth of magnetic clouds and geomagnetic storms, halo CMEs are important for understanding the development and internal structure of CMEs since we can view their source regions near Sun center and can measure their in-situ characteristics along their central axes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 83 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 16 BP 1415 EP 1426 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00075-4 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 377PK UT WOS:000165521900002 ER PT J AU Smith, SD AF Smith, SD TI Modeling differences in the vibration response characteristics of the human body SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE whole-body vibration; biodynamics; human models; mechanical impedance; transmissibility AB Mathematical models may provide a useful tool for the development and evaluation of seating systems for vibration mitigation. A five-degree-of-freedom (DOF) model was formulated based on the measured driving-point impedance and transmissibilities of major anatomical structures contributing to the observed resonance behaviors. The model was limited in its ability to simulate differences observed in the resonance behaviors of a broader population and was unable to simulate the multiple resonances observed in the thigh. This paper describes the effectiveness of a modified five DOF model in simulating the major resonance behaviors observed in the population using representative data from a 56 kg female and 75 kg male. In addition, the model was also evaluated for its ability to predict the effects of selected seat cushions. The modified lumped-parameter model improved the peak chest and spine transmissibility simulations. The model was effective in simulating both the lower impedance peak observed in the primary resonance region (4-8 Hz) and the prevalent impedance peak observed in the second resonance region (7-10 Hz) in the smaller subjects. However, the model was not effective in predicting the dampening observed in the second resonance peak with the use of cushions. Redistribution of the model coefficients for the legs and the consideration of coupling between the legs and other anatomical structures may further improve the ability of the lumped-parameter model to predict the effects of seating systems on vibration transmission in the human body. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECB, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1513 EP 1516 DI 10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00119-6 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 365JV UT WOS:000089948900021 PM 10940412 ER PT J AU Stutz, CE Xie, QH Jones, RL Brown, JL AF Stutz, CE Xie, QH Jones, RL Brown, JL TI Charge accumulation of quantum dots at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE InGaAs; quantum dots; photoluminescence; CV ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA AB The accumulation of charge in InGaAs quantum dots has been measured at room temperature by the photoelectrochemical capacitance-voltage (CV) technique for the first time. A carrier per quantum dot ratio greater than four has been observed. The use of atomic force microscopy and low temperature and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) confirm the existence of quantum dots. Also, a possible excited state is indicated by room temperature PL in a sample with small quantum dots. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Stutz, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 29 IS 11 BP L29 EP L31 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0137-x PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 370AC UT WOS:000165099100010 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, A Burke, WJ AF Bhattacharyya, A Burke, WJ TI A transmission line analogy for the development of equatorial ionospheric bubbles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; PEDERSEN CONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRAL WINDS; PLASMA; ONSET; SCINTILLATIONS AB The Pedersen conductivity of the conjugate E regions couples to the equatorial F region through geomagnetic field lines and plays an important role in the development of equatorial spread F bubbles. Earlier work has suggested that the coupling between the E and F regions is effected through field-aligned currents (FACs). However, these currents have not vet been explicitly introduced into theoretical models. This paper considers oppositely propagating Alfven waves which are launched by equatorial F region perturbations as carriers of FACs and transverse polarization currents. A transmission line analogy is drawn, with the E region loads at the two ends and the generator in the equatorial F region. The currents which flow through the E regions depend on the plasma density of the propagation medium in which the transmission line is immersed. We conclude that whereas small angles between the solar terminator and the magnetic meridian favor the growth of equatorial bubbles, an increase in the plasma density of the propagation medium and a higher altitude of the equatorial F layer allow greater relaxation of the restriction imposed by the E region conductivities on the growth of equatorial bubbles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Mumbai, India. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A11 BP 24941 EP 24950 DI 10.1029/1999JA000458 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YX UT WOS:000165096300006 ER PT J AU Erickson, GM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Wilson, GR Heinemann, MA AF Erickson, GM Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Wilson, GR Heinemann, MA TI Electromagnetics of substorm onsets in the near-geosynchronous plasma sheet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; BALLOONING INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOTAIL RECONNECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; EXPANSION ONSET; CURRENT WEDGE; GROWTH-PHASE; TAIL; MODEL AB A search of the CRRES database identified 20 events in which the satellite was located within the local-time sector spanned by the substorm current wedge (SCW) as it formed. Poynting vectors for low-frequency waves are derived from the electric and magnetic field measurements. In 19 of the events, data are inconsistent with the notion that the SCW initiates from the braking of earthward bulk flows emanating from a near-Earth X line. Rather, the data support drift-Alfven ballooning in the near-geosynchronous plasma sheet as being responsible for initiation of the SCW and substorm onset. Dipolarization at CRRES is preceded by eastward excursions of the electric field (trigger waves), at which time the first significant electromagnetic energy is observed flowing toward the ionosphere. Dipolarization and the SCW appear before ground onset, following one or more of these trigger waves. The so-called "explosive growth phase" occurs in association with explosive growth of the trigger waves soon after onset. Seven characteristic features of substorm onsets and expansions observed at CRRES are described. Among these are two stages of expansion. The first expansion stage is initiated by the trigger waves (ballooning) in the near-geosynchronous plasma sheet. Approximately 10 minutes later a second stage begins consistent with the arrival of earthward bulk flows emanating from a near-Earth X line. Near-geosynchronous substorm onsets can explain the observed increase in the occurrence rate of fast bulk flows earthward of its minimum value near X = -12 R-E. Drift-Alfven ballooning also provides a possible causal link between observed reductions of the solar wind driver and substorm onsets. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. RP Erickson, GM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 64 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A11 BP 25265 EP 25290 DI 10.1029/1999JA000424 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YX UT WOS:000165096300029 ER PT J AU Wagner, JW Agnes, GS Magee, E AF Wagner, JW Agnes, GS Magee, E TI Optical metrology of adaptive membrane mirrors SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB Current space-based imaging platforms are significantly constrained in both size and weight by the launch vehicle. Increased payload size and weight increases the cost and decreases the selection of launch vehicles. The challenge of membrane optics in space is implementing adaptive optics technology via a membrane surface that provides at least rough order of magnitude imaging-enabling a large lightweight imaging system where small can be eliminated by processes such as real time holography. A system was developed which categorizes surface properties of optical quality membrane material with the ability to interpret membrane mirror deformation. Membrane mirrors with adaptive control were constructed and analyzed using this system which provided sub-micron deformation data with associated optical aberrations, proving the ability of PVDF film to provide adaptive control to regions of interest on membrane mirrors. Remaining technical challenges include bonding methods and eventual multi-layer laminate bonding of the PVDF control surfaces to the membrane. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Agnes, GS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 P St Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 11 IS 11 BP 837 EP 847 DI 10.1106/F47V-LD4V-4YVR-E13G PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 545DK UT WOS:000175200800001 ER PT J AU Prasad, SV Nainaparampil, JJ Zabinski, JS AF Prasad, SV Nainaparampil, JJ Zabinski, JS TI Lubricious zinc oxide films grown by pulsed laser deposition: Lateral force microscopy of wear surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, SV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1407, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 19 IS 22 BP 1979 EP 1981 DI 10.1023/A:1026790330643 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 386AE UT WOS:000166036700002 ER PT J AU Wainner, MRS Boninger, ML Balu, G Burdett, R Helkowski, W AF Wainner, MRS Boninger, ML Balu, G Burdett, R Helkowski, W TI Durkan gauge and carpal compression test: Accuracy and diagnostic test properties SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE carpal compression test; carpal tunnel syndrome ID TUNNEL SYNDROME; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; EFFICACY; PRESSURE AB Study Design: A prospective, criterion-based validity study. Objectives: To assess the diagnostic properties of the carpal compression test (CCT) when performed with the Durkan carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) gauge, and to determine the measurement validity of the gauge. Background: The CCT has been reported to be highly sensitive (.87-.89) and specific (.93-1.0) in the diagnosis of CTS when it is done with thumb pressure. The accuracy of measurements with the Durkan CTS gauge, however, has not been established and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the CCT when the gauge is used has not been independently confirmed. Methods and Measures: The study sample included 33 women and 19 men, aged 18 to 85 years (45.7 +/- 13.5 years). The accuracy of the gauge was determined with a force dynamometer and holding frame. Standard nerve conduction studies (NCS) and the CCT were performed on the symptomatic extremity of all subjects. A compatible history and the NCS results were used to confirm CTS. Results: The Durkan gauge registered pressures of 11.94 psi and 15.25 psi at the 12 and 15 psi gauge marks, respectively. Test sensitivity and specificity were .36 (95% CI = .17-.54) and .57 (95% Cl -.39-.74), respectively. Conclusions: Pressure measurements obtained with the Durkan CTS gauge were accurate. The CCT when performed with the Durkan gauge, however, was neither sensitive or specific for the diagnosis of CTS. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Phys Med & Rehabil, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Human Engn Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Temple Univ Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth, Phys Therapy Biomech Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, EMG Lab, Div Phys Med & Rehabil,Dept Orthoped Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Willard Hall, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wainner, MRS (reprint author), 231 Oakleaf Dr, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. OI Boninger, Michael/0000-0001-6966-919X NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 30 IS 11 BP 676 EP 682 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 376RW UT WOS:000165471400006 ER PT J AU Kenyon, JA Cross, CJ Minkiewicz, GR AF Kenyon, JA Cross, CJ Minkiewicz, GR TI Mechanical coupling effects on turbomachine mistuned response SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Mistuning in turbine engine bladed disks often leads to mode localization, which can result in high vibratory stresses in a single group of blades. These stresses can lower the fatigue life of the blades. Therefore, understanding mistuning is essential for design of durable rotating machinery. This investigation provides one of the first experimental demonstrations of phenomena associated with mistuning, including frequency splitting and orthogonality, Results illustrate the role of internal coupling on mistuned response. Coupling appears to be dependent on fundamental mode shape. Strong coupling prevents localization in bending modes. However, in spite of weak internal coupling, localization does not occur in an observed torsion mode. The primary consequence of mistuning is a breakdown of orthogonality between the nodal patterns of the mode shapes and harmonic excitations, resulting in numerous resonant responses to a single harmonic forcing function. The breakdown of nodal patterns also leads to increased difficulty with mode description. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, AFRL PRTE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kenyon, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, AFRL PRTE, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18D, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1154 DI 10.2514/2.5690 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 374KR UT WOS:000165344800029 ER PT J AU Mathews, MF Smith, RM AF Mathews, MF Smith, RM TI Adaptation of a relocatable head frame for stereotactic radiotherapy SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB An important role of the maxillofacial prosthodontist is to support the radiotherapist in the administration of therapy. For example, a device can be made that properly and repeatedly positions the patient for each radiation treatment. This article describes a procedure for adapting a relocatable head frame to be used during stereotactic radiotherapy, a treatment modality for malignant intracranial tumors. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Mathews, MF (reprint author), 2724 Vickie Dr, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 84 IS 5 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1067/mpr.2000.110254 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 380JA UT WOS:000165697000016 PM 11105016 ER PT J AU Thomas, CT Napolitano, MPG AF Thomas, CT Napolitano, MPG TI Use of acupuncture for managing chronic pelvic pain in pregnancy - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acupuncture analgesia; acupuncture, ear; acupuncture, points; pelvic pain; pregnancy complications ID ABDOMINAL-PAIN AB BACKGROUND: Chronic pelvic pain is a health problem that affects many reproductive-age women. During reproduction the dilemma is even more challenging. The growing uterus often exacerbates pain, and treatment is limited by the effect on the fetus. A multispecialty approach and alternative medicine are often effective. Recently, the FDA announced the use of acupuncture and acupressure as officially recognized modalities for treatment of chronic pain in oncology patients. CASE: Chronic pelvic pain in a 23 year-old primigravida at 27 weeks' gestation was incapacitating on narcotics. After organic causes were ruled out, acupuncture was employed successfully. Outpatient management for the duration of the pregnancy included acupuncture and narcotics for breakthrough pain while maintaining activities of daily living. Spontaneous vaginal delivery without complications at 38 5/7 weeks produced a 3,305-g female infant. The pain resolved immediately following delivery. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the benefit of combined allopathic with alternative forms of medicine. With the use of acupuncture, narcotic use was limited in this gravida while adding to her quality of life by allowing her to maintain normal activityz. C1 USAF, David Grand Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Thomas, CT (reprint author), USAF, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Grp 436, 300 Tuskegee Blvd, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 45 IS 11 BP 944 EP 946 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 379AN UT WOS:000165618900011 PM 11127110 ER PT J AU Ebrahimi, HB AF Ebrahimi, HB TI Numerical simulation of transient jet-interaction phenomenology in a supersonic freestream SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The objective is to evaluate the transient effects of a reaction control jet on the aerodynamic performance of a generic interceptor missile operating at supersonic flight conditions. Three-dimensional computations of the highly turbulent flowfield produced by a pulsed, supersonic, lateral-jet control thruster interacting with the supersonic freestream and missile boundary layer of a generic interceptor missile are evaluated at different altitudes and thruster conditions. A generic missile interceptor configuration consisting of a long, slender body containing fixed dorsal and tail fins is simulated. Parametric computational fluid dynamic solutions are obtained at altitude conditions corresponding to 19.7 and 35.1 km for 1) steady-state conditions with the lateral control jet turned off, 2) steady-state conditions with the lateral control jet turned on, 3) transient jet startup conditions, and 4) transient jet shutdown conditions. A thermally and calorically perfect gas with a specific heat ratio equal to 1.4 was assumed for both the Mach number 5 freestream and Mach number 3 lateral jet. Vehicle forces and moments are assessed from each solution by integrating the surface pressures and viscous shear stresses computed on the missile surfaces. These results are used to determine the influence of the jet-interaction effects on the transient aerodynamic performance of the missile. The analysis predicts strong transient influences for the integrated normal force and pitching moment. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ebrahimi, HB (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.2514/2.3634 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 382PZ UT WOS:000165832600001 ER PT J AU Marasco, PL AF Marasco, PL TI A comparison of two methods for measuring light scattered from aerospace transparencies SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE light scatter; haze; ASTM D 1003; ASTM E 167; aerospace transparencies AB ASTM D 1003 is often used to characterize light scattered (haze) from aerospace transparencies. However, due to the strong angular dependence of light scattered from these materials, information gathered using ASTM D 1003 is Limited in determining the effect of scatter on visual performance. Another technique, one capable of measuring scattered light as a function of observation angle and illumination angle similar to ASTM E 167, is more time consuming to perform but yields information that may be better suited to visual modeling. Even though the techniques are considerably different, it is possible to compare measurements made on several samples using these two methods. This paper compares the results of measurements made using both test procedures on a number of transparent parts. C1 HECV, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), HECV, AFRL, 2255 H St,Bldg 248,Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 494 EP 498 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 380JE UT WOS:000165697400009 ER PT J AU Shapiro, MB Jenkins, DH Schwab, CW Rotondo, MF AF Shapiro, MB Jenkins, DH Schwab, CW Rotondo, MF TI Damage control: Collective review SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Review ID ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; SEVERE HEPATIC-TRAUMA; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; MASSIVE TRANSFUSION; LIVER INJURIES; PLANNED REOPERATION; VASCULAR INJURIES; INTRAABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION; BALLOON TAMPONADE; END-POINTS C1 Univ Penn, Div Trauma, Hlth Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Surg, Greenville, NC USA. RP Shapiro, MB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Div Trauma, Hlth Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 98 TC 207 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2000 VL 49 IS 5 BP 969 EP 978 DI 10.1097/00005373-200011000-00033 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 372KA UT WOS:000165231800033 PM 11086798 ER PT J AU Rhodes, CG Smith, PR Hanusiak, WH Shepard, MJ AF Rhodes, CG Smith, PR Hanusiak, WH Shepard, MJ TI Microstructural evolution in wire-drawn Ti-22Al-26Nb powder SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; ALLOYS; TI AB The microstructural evolution in Ti-22Al-26Nb, as it was drawn from hot isostatically pressed powder to a 0.13 mm wire, is followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The primary alpha (2) particles present in the starting powder persist throughout the drawing process, although they undergo both morphological and crystallographic changes. They are altered from 4 to 5-mum-diameter, equiaxed particles to 1 to 2-mum-diameter, highly elongated particles by the drawing process. In addition, these primary particles transform in situ to alpha (2) + O phases. There is considerable oxygen pickup during the intermediate annealing cycles, but the increased oxygen has not deleteriously affected room-temperature tensile ductility. C1 Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Struct Met Dept, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Atlantic Res Corp, Adv Mat, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. USAF RL, MLLE, Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rhodes, CG (reprint author), Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Struct Met Dept, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2931 EP 2941 DI 10.1007/BF02830346 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 375HJ UT WOS:000165393200023 ER PT J AU Withers, MR Withers, MR Christopher, GW AF Withers, MR Withers, MR Christopher, GW TI Aeromedical evacuation of biological warfare casualties: A treatise on infectious diseases on aircraft SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; AIR; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; TRAVEL; EXPOSURE; AIRLINER; ABOARD AB A basic understanding of the transmission and isolation of infections would be essential to the safe and effective aeromedical evacuation (AE) of biological warfare (BW) casualties. First, the airframe as microbial environment is considered, and relevant preventive and disinfecting measures are discussed, A survey of past infectious disease transmission on civilian aircraft (including tuberculosis, influenza, measles, smallpox, and viral hemorrhagic fevers) is presented, and the communicability and stability of likely BW agents is described, A brief history of U.S. military aeromedical evacuation (as it relates to contagious diseases and U.S. Air Force BW doctrine) is also outlined, Special containment procedures (especially as used by the U.S. Army Aeromedical Isolation Team) are described. Finally, international legal and regulatory aspects of the AE of BW casualties are considered, and some unanswered questions and suggestions for future research are offered. It is concluded that, given adequate foresight, expertise, and resources, the AE of even contagious BW casualties could be safely and effectively accomplished. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Withers, MR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2602 W Gate Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 109 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 165 IS 11 SU S BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373WN UT WOS:000165313200001 PM 11143422 ER PT J AU Niemeyer, DM Jaffe, RI Wiggins, LB AF Niemeyer, DM Jaffe, RI Wiggins, LB TI Feasibility determination for use of polymerase chain reaction in the US Air Force air-transportable hospital field environment: Lessons learned SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION; DNA AB At present, the use of molecular probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of microorganisms in body fluids or tissues is becoming more commonplace. There is an added advantage when serological or culture methods are difficult, expensive, or unavailable. Slow-growing or fastidious microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spirochetes, viruses, and the dimorphic fungi, can be detected rapidly using these techniques. The presence of different chromosomal or plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant markers can also be determined. PCR is an extremely powerful tool that has been applied to research, and more recently it has been used to augment standard clinical applications. It is a very simple process that can amplify nucleic acid sequences, both DNA and RNA, a million times over. The sensitivity, rapidity, broad applicability, and compactness of this technology make it an ideal candidate for use in the military arena. we recently established a molecular biology laboratory at a Deployable Medical System at the Camp Parks Army Reserve Training Facility in Dublin, California. This article will briefly summarize the use of PCR and its applicability in the air-transportable hospital field environment. Proper handling, processing, and testing as well as the requirements for setting up a molecular biology laboratory Will be discussed. Finally, the benefits and disadvantages of using PCR-based techniques in the deployed field environment will be considered. C1 USAF, Force Protect Battlelab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Niemeyer, DM (reprint author), USAF, Force Protect Battlelab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 165 IS 11 BP 816 EP 820 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373GF UT WOS:000165279900006 PM 11143425 ER PT J AU Steele, AC Goldwasser, S Karram, M AF Steele, AC Goldwasser, S Karram, M TI Failure of intraoperative cystoscopy to identify partial ureteral obstruction SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; BLADDER C1 Good Samaritan Hosp, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steele, AC (reprint author), Good Samaritan Hosp, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 96 IS 5 SU S BP 847 EP 847 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)00920-0 PN 2 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 368QX UT WOS:000090130000028 PM 11094239 ER PT J AU Holck, DEE Klintworth, GK Dutton, JJ Foulks, GN Manning, FJ AF Holck, DEE Klintworth, GK Dutton, JJ Foulks, GN Manning, FJ TI Localized conjunctival argyrosis: A late sequela of strabismus surgery SO OPHTHALMIC SURGERY AND LASERS LA English DT Article AB We describe a case of focal argyrosis of the conjunctiva clinically simulating a melanoma. An 82-year-old woman was referred for an asymptomatic pigmented conjunctival lesion. Her only significant past ocular history was strabismus surgery 76 years earlier. Biopsy of the conjunctiva and lateral rectus muscle revealed the discoloration was pigment granules. Energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis revealed the pigmentation to be silver deposits. The patient had strabismus surgery probably using a silver clip. Argyrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal pigmented conjunctival lesions. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, MRPK, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Eye & Ear, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Holck, DEE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, MRPK, 2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0022-023X J9 OPHTHALMIC SURG LAS JI Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 31 IS 6 BP 495 EP 498 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 372ZH UT WOS:000165263600010 PM 11095129 ER PT J AU Cockerham, GC Bijwaard, K Sheng, ZM Hidayat, AA Font, RL McLean, IW AF Cockerham, GC Bijwaard, K Sheng, ZM Hidayat, AA Font, RL McLean, IW TI Primary graft failure - A clinicopathologic and molecular analysis SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 24-27, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; KERATITIS; DNA; INFECTION; CLASSIFICATION; KERATOPLASTY AB Objective: Primary graft failure (PGF) corneal tissues were analyzed for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Design: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Materials: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of 21 donor corneas and 14 recipient corneas of PGF cases, as well as 10 control corneas. Methods: Clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and, in selected cases, transmission electron microscopic characteristics were studied. Main Outcome Measures: Evidence of HSV or VZV in donor tissues. Results: Median patient age was 65 years, and median donor age was 48 years. Donor cornea parameters, including endothelial cell counts, death-to-preservation time, and time in storage, were generally within accepted standards. Stromal edema was found in all 21 donor corneas with PGF, Eighteen donor corneas demonstrated severely reduced or absent endothelium and mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltration without necrosis. Three donor corneas (14%) had necrotizing stromal keratitis (NSK) with keratic precipitates. Positive immunohistochemical staining of keratocytes for HSV was present in two of two donor corneas with NSK and was negative in 18 other donor corneas, Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the DNA of HSV type 1 (HSV1) in all donor corneas with NSK and in four donor corneas without NSK (33%), Recipient corneal tissue was negative for HSV1 DNA in three patients with NSK and positive in two of the four other PCR-positive patients. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed viral particles in two donor corneas with NSK, Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed no evidence of HSV type 2 or VZV in any cornea. All control corneas were negative for viral DNA, Sixteen corneas remained clear and two had failed after regraft for PGF, with a median follow-up of 3.6 years. Conclusions: Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA was present in 33% of patients of PGF, Herpetic stromal keratitis was found in some failed corneas; the lack of HSV in the paired recipient suggests importation within the donor cornea. The overall prognosis for regrafting after PGF is good. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2083-2091 (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Ophthalmol Serv, Andrews AFB, Camp Springs, MD USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Cullen Eye Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, Houston, TX USA. RP Cockerham, GC (reprint author), 329 Marberry Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15215 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD NOV PY 2000 VL 107 IS 11 BP 2083 EP 2090 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00361-4 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 370FT UT WOS:000165113400042 PM 11054337 ER PT J AU Erdmann, R Branning, D Grice, W Walmsley, IA AF Erdmann, R Branning, D Grice, W Walmsley, IA TI Restoring dispersion cancellation for entangled photons produced by ultrashort pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; INTERFERENCE; PUMP AB It is a well-known and remarkable fact that in certain coincidence photon-counting experiments with cw-pumped parametric down-converters, the effects of group-velocity dispersion arising from media interposed between source and detectors are completely canceled, even if the media physically affect only one of the photons of the pair. Recently Perina et al. [Phys. Rev. A 59, 2359 (1999)] showed that this phenomenon does not occur when certain classical timing information is available about the arrival of individual photons at the detectors, as is the case when the photon pairs are produced via spontaneous parametric down-conversion using an ultrashort pump pulse. In this paper we show that the nonlocal cancellation of dispersion far such a source of entangled photons can be restored in principle by proper engineering of the source properties. In particular, we describe techniques for recovering interference in coincidence-counting experiments by suppressing distinguishing information without the post selection of photons. Moreover, a precise classical timing signal coincident with the photon pair is still available. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNDP, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, SNDP, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 AR 053810 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.053810 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 371VW UT WOS:000165200800114 ER PT J AU Jaffee, MS Bostwick, JM AF Jaffee, MS Bostwick, JM TI Buspirone as an antidote to venlafaxine-induced bruxism SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article C1 Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Ehrling Bergquist USAF Hosp, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Jaffee, MS (reprint author), 55MDOS-SGOH,2501 Capehart Rd, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 41 IS 6 BP 535 EP 536 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.41.6.535 PG 2 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 375JW UT WOS:000165396600011 PM 11110119 ER PT J AU Harmon, WJ Kavoussi, LR Bishoff, JT AF Harmon, WJ Kavoussi, LR Bishoff, JT TI Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for solid renal masses using the ultrasonic shears SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INITIAL CASE-REPORT; PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; CELL CARCINOMA; EXPERIENCE; DISEASE AB Objectives. To report our experience with laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for solid renal masses. Methods. Between August 1998 and December 1999, 15 patients with solid renal masses underwent laparoscopic NSS at our institutions. Seven patients underwent a transperitoneal approach and eight a retroperitoneal approach. The kidneys were fully mobilized to allow inspection of all renal parenchyma. The ultrasonic shears were used to divide the renal parenchyma around the tumor in all cases. Renal surface hemostasis was then accomplished by welding a piece of oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze to the transected renal surface with the argon beam coagulator. Tumors were removed intact and sent for analysis of frozen section margin status. Results. Laparoscopic NSS was successfully completed without complications in all patients. The mean tumor size was 2.3 cm (range 0.8 to 3.5), mean operative time was 170 minutes (range 105 to 240), and mean estimated blood loss was 368 mt (range 75 to 1000). The final pathologic finding was renal cell carcinoma in 12 patients and oncocytoma in 3 patients. All final surgical margins were negative. Patients were hospitalized for a mean of 2.6 days (range 2 to 4). Conclusions. Laparoscopic NSS for small, solid renal masses can be performed safely with a combination of the ultrasonic shears for renal parenchymal transection and argon beam coagulation and oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze for renal surface hemostasis. UROLOGY 56: 754-759, 2000. (C) 2000, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU,Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Hosp, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Bishoff, JT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCSU,Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 2000 VL 56 IS 5 BP 754 EP 759 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00766-4 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 375LK UT WOS:000165400700008 PM 11068293 ER PT J AU Wells, MK AF Wells, MK TI On air defense SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wells, MK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 7 IS 4 BP 488 EP 490 DI 10.1177/096834450000700409 PG 3 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 364HD UT WOS:000089886200009 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR Talley, JD Kereiakes, DJ Braden, GA Tcheng, JE Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Navetta, FI Berger, PB Popma, JJ Dangas, GD Theroux, P AF Steinhubl, SR Talley, JD Kereiakes, DJ Braden, GA Tcheng, JE Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Navetta, FI Berger, PB Popma, JJ Dangas, GD Theroux, P TI Correlates of baseline platelet function as measured by the Ultegra-RPFA and its asssociation with the level of platelet inhibition achieved with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy. Results from the GOLD study. SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Ohio Heart Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. Scripps Clin, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Mother Francis Hosp, Tyler, TX USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. CV Res Fdn, Washington, DC USA. Montreal Heart Inst, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 18 SU S MA 2036 BP 418 EP 419 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 367QE UT WOS:000090072302031 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR Talley, JD Kereiakes, DJ Braden, GA Jia, G Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Navetta, FI Berger, PB Gallo, R AF Steinhubl, SR Talley, JD Kereiakes, DJ Braden, GA Jia, G Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Navetta, FI Berger, PB Gallo, R TI Presence of angiographically visible thrombus, but not clinical syndrome, is associated with lower levels of platelet inhibition with a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor in patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention. Results from the GOLD study. SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Ohio Heart Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Scripps Clin, San Diego, CA USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Mother Francis Hosp, Tyler, TX USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Montreal Heart Inst, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 18 SU S MA 2037 BP 419 EP 419 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 367QE UT WOS:000090072302032 ER PT J AU Kim, MT Kim, KB Juon, HS Hill, MN Duong, D AF Kim, MT Kim, KB Juon, HS Hill, MN Duong, D TI Comparison of patterns of cardiovascular risk factors between Korean American elderly and other Americans. SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. USAF, Bloxi, MS USA. RDMS, Ellicott City, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 18 SU S MA 3240 BP 670 EP 670 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 367QE UT WOS:000090072303232 ER PT J AU Ridker, PM Rifai, N Miles, JS Downs, JR Clearfield, M Gotto, AM Cook, TJ Langendorfer, A Beere, PA AF Ridker, PM Rifai, N Miles, JS Downs, JR Clearfield, M Gotto, AM Cook, TJ Langendorfer, A Beere, PA TI Lovastatin 20-40 mg/day lowers high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in AFCAPS/TexCAPS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Blue Bell, PA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 18 SU S MA 4005 BP 833 EP 833 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 367QE UT WOS:000090072303997 ER PT J AU Hegeler, F Manasreh, MO Morath, C Ballet, P Yang, H Salamo, GJ Tan, HH Jagadish, C AF Hegeler, F Manasreh, MO Morath, C Ballet, P Yang, H Salamo, GJ Tan, HH Jagadish, C TI Thermal annealing recovery of intersubband transitions in proton-irradiated GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE GAAS; INDUCED DEFECTS; ELECTRON AB Intersubband transitions in 1 MeV proton-irradiated GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells were studied using an optical absorption technique and isochronal thermal annealing. The intersubband transitions were completely depleted in samples irradiated with doses as low as 4x10(14) cm(-2). More than 80% recovery of these depleted transitions was achieved after the samples were thermally annealed at temperatures less than 650 degreesC. The total integrated areas and peak position energies of the intersubband transitions in irradiated and unirradiated samples were monitored as a function of annealing temperature. It was noted that the recovery of the depleted intersubband transitions in irradiated samples depend on the irradiation dose and thermal annealing temperature. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00444-7]. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008; Tan, Hark Hoe/M-1148-2015 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301; Tan, Hark Hoe/0000-0002-7816-537X NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 18 BP 2867 EP 2869 DI 10.1063/1.1320846 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 366QV UT WOS:000090016800029 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Saxler, AW Park, SS Hahn, JY AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Saxler, AW Park, SS Hahn, JY TI Identification of the Gamma(5) and Gamma(6) free excitons in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The Gamma (5) and Gamma (6) free excitons have been identified in GaN from emission measurements. Another emission peak is also observed which we believe to be the longitudinal free exciton. These measurements along with electrical measurements, which show the sample to have very high peak mobility, attest to the high quality of the sample. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03744-X]. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 8 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 18 BP 2879 EP 2881 DI 10.1063/1.1322054 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 366QV UT WOS:000090016800033 ER PT J AU Simmons, JP Shen, C Wang, Y AF Simmons, JP Shen, C Wang, Y TI Phase field modeling of simultaneous nucleation and growth by explicitly incorporating nucleation events SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE phase transformation; nucleation; growth; ordering; transport ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ORDERED INTERMETALLICS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; KINETICS; PRECIPITATION; AL C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Simmons, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 33 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 10 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00517-0 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 373AK UT WOS:000165266100012 ER PT J AU Pieroux, D Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Pieroux, D Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Hopf bifurcation subject to a large delay in a laser system SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID KOBAYASHI PHASE EQUATION; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; CHAOS; LANG AB Hopf bifurcation theory for an oscillator subject to a weak feedback but a large delay is investigated for a specific laser system. The problem is motivated by semiconductor laser instabilities which are initiated by undesirable optical feedbacks. Most of these instabilities are starting from a single Hopf bifurcation. Because of the large delay, a delayed amplitude appears in the slow time bifurcation equation which generates new bifurcations to periodic and quasi-periodic states. We determine analytical expressions for all branches of periodic solutions and show the emergence of secondary bifurcation points from double Hopf bifurcation points. We study numerically different cases of bistability between steady, periodic, and quasi-periodic regimes. Finally, the validity of the Hopf bifurcation approximation is investigated numerically by comparing the bifurcation diagrams of the original laser equations and the slow time amplitude equation. C1 Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USAF, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pieroux, D (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Campus Plaine,CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD OCT 25 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 3 BP 966 EP 982 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 367EG UT WOS:000090048300012 ER PT J AU Chernyak, L Osinsky, A Nootz, G Schulte, A Jasinski, J Benamara, M Liliental-Weber, Z Look, DC Molnar, RJ AF Chernyak, L Osinsky, A Nootz, G Schulte, A Jasinski, J Benamara, M Liliental-Weber, Z Look, DC Molnar, RJ TI Electron beam and optical depth profiling of quasibulk GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION LENGTH; GALLIUM NITRIDE; RECOMBINATION; GROWTH; LAYER AB Electron beam and optical depth profiling of thick (5.5-64 mu m) quasibulk n-type GaN samples, grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy, were carried out using electron beam induced current (EBIC), microphotoluminescence (PL), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The minority carrier diffusion length, L, was found to increase linearly from 0.25 mu m, at a distance of about 5 mu m from the GaN/sapphire interface, to 0.63 mu m at the GaN surface, for a 36-mu m-thick sample. The increase in L was accompanied by a corresponding increase in PL band-to-band radiative transition intensity as a function of distance from the GaN/sapphire interface. We attribute the latter changes in PL intensity and minority carrier diffusion length to a reduced carrier mobility and lifetime at the interface, due to scattering at threading dislocations. The results of EBIC and PL measurements are in good agreement with the values for dislocation density obtained using TEM. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00643-4]. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Corning Appl Technol, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Chernyak, L (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 13 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 17 BP 2695 EP 2697 DI 10.1063/1.1319530 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 363ZQ UT WOS:000089867900023 ER PT J AU Landesman, BT Kindilien, PJ Matson, CL Caudill, TR AF Landesman, BT Kindilien, PJ Matson, CL Caudill, TR TI Image transfer through cirrus clouds. I. Ray trace analysis and wave-front reconstruction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL ICE CRYSTALS; SOLAR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-SCATTERING; TURBID MEDIA; PHASE; COMPUTATION; SIMULATION C1 Appl Technol Assiciates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Surveillance & Control Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Landesman, BT (reprint author), Appl Technol Assiciates, 1900 Randolph SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM landesma@aptec.com NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 30 BP 5465 EP 5476 DI 10.1364/AO.39.005465 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364ZV UT WOS:000089924700007 PM 18354542 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Jackson, JM Lane, AP Paglione, TAD AF Kraemer, KE Jackson, JM Lane, AP Paglione, TAD TI Properties of the photodissociated gas in NGC 6334 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : individual (NGC 6334); stars : formation ID H-II REGIONS; FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; STAR-FORMATION REGION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; 158 MICRON; LINE EMISSION; NGC-6334; COMPLEX; DISK; PENETRATION AB To investigate the properties of photodissociated gas in strong radiation fields, the massive star formation region NGC 6334 has been mapped with the Far-Infrared Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FIFI) instrument in the far-infrared fine-structure transitions [C II] 158 mum, [O I] 146 mum, and [O I] 63 mum. Bright CC nl 158 mum emission is found throughout the cloud, whereas the CO I] 146 mum emission is associated only with the star-forming ridge. Comparison of the relative intensities of the lines with single-component photodissociation region models suggests densities of n(H) similar to 10(4) cm(-3). The models imply unphysically large radiation fields for three sources, particularly for NGC 6334A, which is probably caused by self-absorption in the [O I] 63 mum line. An alternative method for estimating physical conditions, based on the correlation between [C II] 158 mum and CO line intensities, is explored. This method implies hydrogen column densities of N-H greater than or similar to 10(22-23) cm(-2), which agree well with those from molecular excitation models. The relative distribution of the [C II] 158 mum and [O I] 146 mum emission supports clumpy photodissociation region models that suggest the [C II] 158 mum emission arises from interclump gas and thus should be more extended than the [O I] 146 mum emission that arises from the denser clumps. The spatial coincidence of [C II] 158 mum emission peaks with minima in the molecular gas emission indicates that at least some of the molecular holes contain photodissociated gas. The relative pressures of the ionized, photodissociated, and molecular gas are compared: the photodissociated and molecular gas are in approximate pressure equilibrium, but the ionized gas is overpressurized by at least an order of magnitude at the continuum sources. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, VSBC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, VSBC, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Paglione, Tim/0000-0001-9139-0945; Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2000 VL 542 IS 2 BP 946 EP 956 DI 10.1086/317015 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YN UT WOS:000165095500037 ER PT J AU Kim, DO Han, CD Mather, PT AF Kim, DO Han, CD Mather, PT TI Optical and mechanical rheometry of semiflexible main-chain thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers with varying pendant groups SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(BENZYL GLUTAMATE) SOLUTIONS; SHEAR-FLOW BEHAVIOR; PENDENT SIDE-GROUPS; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FLEXIBLE SPACERS; PHASE-SEPARATION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; RODLIKE POLYMERS; CONVERGING FLOWS AB A specially designed flow cell was used to investigate birefringence in transient shear flow, Deltan(+)((gamma) over dot, t), of three semiflexible main-chain thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers (TLCPs), poly[(x)-p-phenylene 1,10-decamethylenebis(4-oxybenzoate)] (PxHQ10) with varying pendant side groups (x = oxyethyleneethoxy, tert-butyl, or phenylsulfonyl). Also, shear rheometry was used to investigate the growth of shear stress sigma (+)((gamma) over dot, t) and first normal stress difference N-1(+)((gamma) over dot, t) during transient shear flow of the same TLCPs. Upon startup of shear flow, Deltan(+)((gamma) over dot, t) initially increases rapidly, follows two minor overshoots, and then levels off to attain a steady-state value Deltan in all three TLCPs. The steady-state value of Deltan for PSHQ10 (PxHQ10 with x = phenylsulfonyl pendant side group) was found to be greater than that for PEHQ10 (PxHQ10 with x = ethoxy pendant side group) and PTHQ10 (PxHQ10 with x = tert-butyl pendant side group). This behavior is strongly correlated to the large van der Waals volume of phenylsulfonyl pendant side groups in PSHQ10 compared to that of ethoxy pendant side groups in PEHQ10 and tert-butyl pendant side groups in PTHQ10. It is also observed that N-1(+)((gamma) over dot, t) exhibits a very large overshoot followed by an oscillatory decay to attain a steady-state value N-1, while sigma (+)((gamma) over dot, t) shows a very large overshoot followed by a rapid monotonic decrease to attain a steady-state value, sigma. The peak values of N-1(+)((gamma) over dot, t) and sigma (+)((gamma) over dot, t) for PSHQ10 were found to be 3-4 times greater than those for both PEHQ10 and PTHQ10, which we again attribute to the bulky phenylsulfonyl pendant side groups in PSHQ10. Only positive values of N-1(+)((gamma) over dot, t) and N-1 were observed over the entire range of shear rates investigated. Variations of the ratio N-1(+)((gamma) over dot, t)/sigma (+)((gamma) over dot, t) with shear strain ((gamma) over dot t) were found to be very similar to variations of Deltan(+)((gamma) over dot, t) with (gamma) over dot t for all three TLCPs investigated, except for that the ratio N-1(+)((gamma) over dot, t)/sigma (+)((gamma) over dot, t) reached a steady state sooner than Deltan(+)((gamma) over dot, t). In steady-state shear flow, it is observed that the ratio N-1/sigma overlaps Lambdan over the entire range of temperatures investigated; specifically, both the ratio N-1/sigma and Deltan remain constant at temperatures far below the clearing temperature (T-NI), decrease gradually as the temperature approaches T-NI, and drop precipitously to zero value at and near T-NI. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Han, CD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 17 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 21 BP 7922 EP 7930 DI 10.1021/ma000750t PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 367ZH UT WOS:000090092300037 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Haaland, P Garscadden, A AF Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Haaland, P Garscadden, A TI Electron impact ionization and ion chemistry in trimethylaluminum and in trimethylgallium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ionization; trimethylaluminum; trimethylgallium; ion; kinetics ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXCITATION; PHASE AB Ionization of trimethylaluminum and trimethylgallium by electron impact from threshold to 70 eV and the gas-phase reactions of the resulting ions with their parent molecules are studied by using Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The total ionization cross sections rise from thresholds near 10 eV to 1.3 +/- 0.1 x 10(-15) and 1.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(-15) cm(2), respectively, at no eV. The most abundant product ions of dissociative ionization are M(CH3)(2)(+) (M = Al or Ga). Most of the ions generated by the electron impact ionization except M(CH3)(2)(+) and M+ react readily with the parent molecules yielding M(CH3)(2)(+) and M+ as the principal product ions, with rate coefficients of (2-6) x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1). Clusters with two metal atoms were observed with relatively small branching ratios or reaction rates. (Int J Mass Spectrom 202 (2000) 345-349) (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mobium Enterprises Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 16 PY 2000 VL 202 IS 1-3 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00258-X PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 367VH UT WOS:000090081800031 ER PT J AU Shahriar, MS Turkhin, AV Liptay, T Tan, Y Hemmer, PR AF Shahriar, MS Turkhin, AV Liptay, T Tan, Y Hemmer, PR TI Demonstration of injection locking a diode laser using a filtered electro-optic modulator sideband SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE injection locking; diode laser; electro-optic modulator; Raman spectroscopy; atomic physics ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; PHASE CONJUGATION; FEEDBACK AB Many experiments in atomic physics require two laser beams with a controllable difference in frequencies. In this paper, we report on realizing this goal using a technique where an electro-optic modulator sideband is filtered through a cavity and injected into a diode laser, in a novel configuration yielding very high feedback isolation without sacrificing access to the output power of the diode laser. The advantages of this approach over alternative techniques for injection locking are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Turkhin, AV (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 26-268, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 184 IS 5-6 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00972-X PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 368NT UT WOS:000090124400015 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Synthetic aperture radar image correlation by use of preprocessing for enhancement of scattering centers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION; FILTERS AB We demonstrate that a significant improvement can be obtained in the recognition of complicated synthetic aperture radar images taken from the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisitions and Recognition database. These images typically have a low number of scattering centers and high noise. We first preprocess the images and the templates formed from them so that their scattering centers are enhanced. Our technique can produce high-quality performance in several correlation criteria. For realistic automatic target recognition systems, our approach should make it easy to implement optical recognition systems with binarized data for many different types of correlation filter and should have a great effect on feeding data-compressed (binarized) information into either digital or optical processors. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 070.4560, 100.2000, 100.4550, 070.25807 070.2590, 070.4340. C1 Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. SNHC, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 20 BP 1544 EP 1546 DI 10.1364/OL.25.001544 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 363KM UT WOS:000089834900018 PM 18066273 ER PT J AU Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Chaotic transitions and low-frequency fluctuations in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article DE Lang-Kobayashi equations; poincare sections; transient chaos ID COHERENCE COLLAPSE; KOBAYASHI MODEL; EXTERNAL CAVITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; INJECTION; LANG; SYNCHRONIZATION; BIFURCATION; RESONATORS AB This paper examines the dynamical origin of low-frequency fluctuations (LFFs) in semiconductor lasers subject to time-delayed Lang-Kobayashi equations for a laser pumped near threshold. We construct a bifurcation analysis scheme that enables the classification of the different operation regimes of the laser. We use the scheme to study the coexistence of the LFFs and stable emission on the maximum gain mode (MGM), which was the subject of recent experiments [T. Hell, I. Fischer, W. Elsasser, Phys. Rev. A 60 (1999) 634]. Our computations suggest that as the feedback level increases, the regime of sustained LFFs alternates with regions of transient LFFs, where the laser can achieve stabilization on the MGM. Exploration of the parameter space reveals strong dependence of the structure of the LFF dynamics and the coexistence regime on the value of the linewidth enhancement factor. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USAF, Res Lab DELO, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Davidchack, RL (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Davidchack, Ruslan/D-8030-2011 OI Davidchack, Ruslan/0000-0001-9418-5322 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00107-X PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 358EU UT WOS:000089545200008 ER PT J AU Wester, RM Tanojo, H Maibach, HI Wester, RC AF Wester, RM Tanojo, H Maibach, HI Wester, RC TI Predicted chemical warfare agent VX toxicity to uniformed soldier using parathion in vitro human skin exposure and absorption SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION AB Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are easily and inexpensively produced and are a significant threat to military forces and the public. Most well-known CWAs are organophosphorus compounds, a number or which are used as pesticides, including parathion, This study determined the in vitro percutaneous absorption of parathion as a CWA simulant through naked human skin and uniformed skin (dry and sweated), Parathion percentage dose absorbed through naked skin (1.78 +/- 0.41) was greater than dry uniformed skin (0.29 +/- 0.17; p = 0.000) and sweated uniformed skin (0.65 +/- 0.16; p = 0.000), Sweated and dry uniformed skin absorption were also different (p = 0.007), These relative dry and sweated uniformed skin absorptions were then applied to VX skin permeability for naked skin (head, neck, arms, and hands) and the remaining uniformed skin over the various regions of the human body. Risk assessment shows VX 50% lethality within the first hour for a soldier wearing a sweated uniform. By 8 h postexposure to naked skin plus trunk area predicted lethality for both dry and sweated uniform, and, at 96 h postexposure, all body regions individually exposed would produce lethality. Military uniform and public clothing provide some immediate protection but absorption through cloth and skin does occur. Immediate safety response to skin and clothing is required. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USAF, Omaha, NE 68113 USA. RP Wester, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 168 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1006/taap.2000.9028 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 371YQ UT WOS:000165207200008 PM 11032770 ER PT J AU Shen, A Liu, HC Gao, M Dupont, E Buchanan, M Ehret, J Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F AF Shen, A Liu, HC Gao, M Dupont, E Buchanan, M Ehret, J Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F TI Resonant-cavity-enhanced p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION AB Resonant cavities are used to enhance the absorption efficiency in p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors. The cavities are fabricated by applying thick gold films on the detector bottom sides after substrate removal via selective wet etching. The observed peak enhancement and spectral shape are in good agreement with model predictions. Peak absorption of about 25% is obtained for the device studied. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04441-7]. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Nortel Networks, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USAF, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, A (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Nortel Networks, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 15 BP 2400 EP 2402 DI 10.1063/1.1317548 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 359YE UT WOS:000089639000044 ER PT J AU Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Eidson, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Stone, W Cherry, B Edwin, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, V Miller, J Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J AF Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Eidson, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Stone, W Cherry, B Edwin, B Kellachan, J Kulasekera, V Miller, J Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E Andreadis, T Carter, M Hadler, J Werner, B DeMaria, A Bandy, U Greenblatt, J TI Update: West Nile virus activity - Northeastern United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 820-822, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth, Concord, NH 03301 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Novello, A (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 4 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 13 BP 1643 EP 1644 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 357KY UT WOS:000089501900010 ER PT J AU Mather, PT Jeon, HG Han, CD Chang, S AF Mather, PT Jeon, HG Han, CD Chang, S TI Morphological and rheological responses to shear start-up and flow reversal of thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(BENZYL GLUTAMATE) SOLUTIONS; PENDENT SIDE-GROUPS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; RODLIKE POLYMERS; NEMATIC POLYMERS; TRANSIENT SHEAR; STRIPE-DOMAINS; BAND FORMATION; HPC SOLUTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Novel rheo-optical methods have been used to directly observe morphology evolution, during shear start-up and reversal flow, in semiflexible main-chain thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers (TLCPs). Using a specially designed microrheometer allowing for simultaneous transient optical and mechanical observations, we observed band formation upon reversal of flow direction. It was seen that this band formation causes asymmetric light diffraction in H-V small-angle light scattering mode, indicating a tilted arrangement of the regularly spaced bands. Also conducted were shear start-up and flow reversal experiments using a cone-and-plate rheometer under the same thermal and deformation histories as those in rheo-optical experiments for polymers of differing spacer lengths at equal temperature difference below the nematic-to-isotropic transition temperature (T-NI) It was observed that, during both shear startup and flow reversal, the first normal stress difference N-1(+)(gamma, t) exhibits a large overshoot followed by an oscillatory decay, while shear stress o(+)(gamma, t) exhibits a large overshoot followed by a monotonic decay. It was found that the higher the applied shear rate, the larger the overshoot of N-1(+)(gamma, t) and sigma(+)(gamma, t), and the longer the persistence of oscillations in N-1(+)(gamma, t). Similarity was found between the ratio N-1(+)(gamma, t)/ sigma(+)(gamma, t) and flow birefringence Delta n(+)(gamma, t) during shear start-up and flow reversal of the TLCPs investigated in this study. Further, we found that the ratio sigma(+)(t, gamma)/sigma scales with gamma t but the ratio N-1(+)(gamma, t) /N-1 does not, where sigma denotes shear stress at steady state and N-1 denotes first normal stress difference at steady state. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Corp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Mather, PT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 67 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 3 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 20 BP 7594 EP 7608 DI 10.1021/ma000765r PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 361RA UT WOS:000089735800050 ER PT J AU Steinshnider, J Weimer, M Kaspi, R Turner, GW AF Steinshnider, J Weimer, M Kaspi, R Turner, GW TI Visualizing interfacial structure at non-common-atom heterojunctions with cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; SUPER-LATTICES; ASYMMETRY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ROUGHNESS; MODES AB We describe how cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) may be used to image the interfacial bonding across the nearly lattice-matched, non-common-atom GaSb/InAs heterojunction with atomic-scale precision. The method, which takes advantage of the length difference between interfacial and bulk bonds, appears equally applicable to AlSb/InAs and suggests how one might recover the complete structure of either heterojunction from atomic-resolution STM data. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Weimer, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2953 EP 2956 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2953 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 358XA UT WOS:000089581400027 PM 11005976 ER PT J AU Gurevich, AV Carlson, HC Medvedev, YV Zybin, KP AF Gurevich, AV Carlson, HC Medvedev, YV Zybin, KP TI Generation of electron-positron pairs in runaway breakdown SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID AIR BREAKDOWN; THUNDERSTORM; FLASHES AB The full kinetic theory of runaway breakdown for electrons at high energy range is developed. The theory takes into account both ionization and bremsstrahlung processes. The electron-positron pairs generation is studied. The possibility to observe e(+)e(-) annihilation line during intensive discharges in atmosphere is predicted. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Div Theoret, Moscow 117924, Russia. USAF, Off Sci Res PL GP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Temp, Moscow 127412, Russia. RP Gurevich, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Div Theoret, Leninskij Pr 53, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Zybin, Kirill/K-8619-2015; Gurevich, Aleksandr/K-8668-2015 OI Gurevich, Aleksandr/0000-0003-1125-9774 NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 2 PY 2000 VL 275 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00558-2 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 362LF UT WOS:000089778900015 ER PT J AU Latin, RM Bowersox, RDW AF Latin, RM Bowersox, RDW TI Flow properties of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer with wall roughness SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An experimental study of the influence of surface roughness on the mean and turbulent flow properties of a highspeed (M = 2.9, Re/m = 2.0 X 10(7)) turbulent boundary layer flow was performed, Six wall topologies, including a smooth and five rough surfaces consisting of three random sand-grain plates and two uniformly machined plates (k(s)(+) = 100-570), were tested, Mean flow measurements included surveys of the velocity and density. Turbulence quantities included direct measurements of the kinematic velocity turbulence intensities, mass Bur turbulence intensities, the kinematic Reynolds shear stress, the compressible Reynolds shear stress and the density transverse-velocity fluctuation correlation. The trends in the mean flow, observed for incompressible flow, were found to hold for the present study when Van Driest II scaling was used. Kinematic statistical turbulent flow properties were found to scale by local mean quantities. Conversely, turbulent flow statistical properties with an explicit thermodynamic dependence did not scale by local mean quantities and had a strong linear dependence on roughness height. Roughness was found to extend the region where inner scaling held toward larger values of y(+) for the compressible Reynolds shear stress, the x- and y-velocity component turbulence intensities, the x-component of the mass flux turbulence intensity, and the density-transverse-velocity correlation. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Latin, RM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1804 EP 1821 DI 10.2514/2.862 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 358LP UT WOS:000089559800004 ER PT J AU Selby, DM Kohlmeier, RE Cho, CG Bux, R Gulley, ML AF Selby, DM Kohlmeier, RE Cho, CG Bux, R Gulley, ML TI Prothrombin gene mutation is uncommon in victims of fatal pulmonary embolism. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Bexar Cty Forens Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Hosp, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 114 IS 4 MA 77 BP 654 EP 655 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 357ZX UT WOS:000089533700089 ER PT J AU Murphy, KM Nunes, ME AF Murphy, KM Nunes, ME TI Comparison of child-only versus mother/child sample collection in Fragile X testing. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Ctr Med Genet, Keesler AFB, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 67 IS 4 SU 2 MA 1354 BP 248 EP 248 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 355TA UT WOS:000089400701353 ER PT J AU Mastroianni, GR Zupan, MF Chuba, DM Berger, RC Wile, AL AF Mastroianni, GR Zupan, MF Chuba, DM Berger, RC Wile, AL TI Voluntary pacing and energy cost of off-road cycling and running SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE pacing; off-road cycling; running ID TIME TRIAL PERFORMANCE; EXPENDITURE; EXERCISE; EXERTION; MEN AB Purpose: The purposes of this study were (1) to compare self-chosen speed of off-road cyclists and runners on a hilly course, (2) to compare the energy expenditure of off-road cyclists and runners on the same terrain, and (3) to describe changes in energy expenditure over the course of the exercise period. Methods: Runners and cyclists performed three laps on a 2.75 km gravel course in a single exercise bout. The course was divided into 13 segments differing in grade and length. Position on the course and heart rate were recorded every few seconds. Speed was computed for each course segment on each lap; energy expenditure was estimated using recorded heart rates and exercise-specific maximal oxygen uptake measurements made prior to participation in the study. Results: There were significant relationships between grade and speed for both runners (r = 0.64) and cyclists (r = 0.44). The differences between cyclists and runners were greatest on downhill segments. Energy expenditure rates were not significantly different for runners (71.6% VO2 peak) and cyclists (68.5% VO2 peak). Conclusions: Off-road cycling and running are comparable in energy demands. Variation in skill levels may account for the increased variability in speed among cyclists on downhill terrain. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Athlet, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 EI 1872-9126 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 479 EP 485 DI 10.1016/S0003-6870(00)00017-X PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 354CQ UT WOS:000089312600004 PM 11059461 ER PT J AU Stanczak, EM Stanczak, DE Templer, DI AF Stanczak, EM Stanczak, DE Templer, DI TI Subject-selection procedures in neuropsychological research: A meta-analysis and prospective study SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-DAMAGE; SENSITIVITY AB The present study examined methods of control- and experimental-subject selection in neuropsychological research. Using both meta-analytic and prospective procedures, it was found that varied subject-selection procedures can potentially confound the results of neuropsychological studies and, by extension, can thwart the formulation of laws regarding neuropsychological function. In terms of selecting control subjects, the current findings suggest that individuals who self-report a negative history for neuropathology and psychopathology are adequate, perhaps even preferable, for inclusion. In terms of selecting experimental subjects, if appears preferable, if not essential, to obtain lesion confirmation through relevant neurodiagnostic tests. Based on these findings, it is recommended that subject selection be made on the basis of scientific merit rather than convenience or availability. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Stanczak, DE (reprint author), Psychol Res Serv, 59th Med Wing,MMCNB,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 15 IS 7 BP 587 EP 601 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 363VV UT WOS:000089859100003 PM 14590197 ER PT J AU Burton, RR AF Burton, RR TI Mathematical models for predicting G-duration tolerances SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE G-duration tolerance; acceleration tolerance; human tolerance to G; sustained G tolerance; simulated aerial combat maneuvers (SACM); exercise physiology ID FATIGUE; MUSCLE; ACCELERATION; PROTECTION; RECOVERY; SACM AB Mathematical models that predict fatigue-based G-duration tolerances for relaxed and straining subjects are developed and validated using published data. These models are based on regression analysis calculations using published G-duration tolerance data of relaxed subjects exposed to 3-5 G and subjects exposed to 6-9 C using an anti-G suit and performing the anti-G straining maneuver. These G-duration models are derived from published G-level tolerance models based on intravascular hydrostatic pressures and physiologic responses to maximum voluntary contractions (MVC%). Included in the validation of these models are the baroreceptor and muscle contraction cardiovascular reflexes that support arterial BP. A basic energy pool that supports a G-duration of 140 s for G exposures > 5 G is theorized. Because of the long duration of sustained C exposures in these models, the physiologic dynamics involved in predicting straining G-duration tolerances, are identified and validated using different time periods, i.e., Phases I and II. These models, based on sustained Ct exposures to a constant C level are also applicable to exposures of variable C levels known as simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) C-profile tolerances. G-duration tolerances > 9 C are predicted using these models for subjects using reclined-seat backs and positive pressure breathing. C1 USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78213 USA. RP Burton, RR (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, 128 Shalimar Dr, San Antonio, TX 78213 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 981 EP 990 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 356ZA UT WOS:000089473000001 PM 11051304 ER PT J AU Borrillo, DJ AF Borrillo, DJ TI Aeromedical concerns of the air traffic controller: The forgotten second-class medical SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Operat Support Squadron 352, Special Operat Command, Royal AFB, Mildenhall, England. RP Borrillo, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Operat Support Squadron 352, Special Operat Command, Royal AFB, Mildenhall, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1065 EP 1066 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 356ZA UT WOS:000089473000013 PM 11051316 ER PT J AU Knox, T AF Knox, T TI Do you have a Bluetooth in your future? SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knox, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1076 EP 1076 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 356ZA UT WOS:000089473000015 ER PT J AU Cobb, BL Jauchem, JR Mason, PA Dooley, MP Miller, SA Ziriax, JM Murphy, MR AF Cobb, BL Jauchem, JR Mason, PA Dooley, MP Miller, SA Ziriax, JM Murphy, MR TI Neural and behavioral teratological evaluation of rats exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic fields SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic fields; teratology; high peak power pulses; behavior ID LEAD-EXPOSURE; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-RATE; PULSES AB Several investigators have reported teratologic effects of electromagnetic field exposure. The majority of these studies have been performed at levels of exposure that could produce substantial heating of the animals. New and unique sources of ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic fields are currently being developed and tested that are capable of generating nonthermalizing, high-peak-power, microwave (MW) pulses with nanosecond (ns) pulse widths, picosecond tps) rise times, and an UWB of frequencies. Our study was performed to determine if teratological changes occur in rat pups as a result of (i) daily UWB exposures during gestation days 3-18, or (ii) as a result of both prenatal and postnatal (10 days) exposures. Dams were exposed either to (i) UWB irradiation from a Kentech system that emitted a 55 kV/m-peak E field, 300 ps rise time, and a 1.8 ns pulse width, average whole-body specific absorption rate 45 mW/kg; (ii) sham irradiation; or (iii) a positive control, lead (Pb) acetate solution (2000 mu g/ml) continuously available in the drinking water. Offspring were examined for ontogeny (litter size, sex-ratios, weights, coat appearance, tooth-eruption, eye-opening, air-righting, and ultrasonic stress vocalizations). Male pups were tested on various performance measures (locomotor, water-maze learning, and fertilization capabilities). The pups postnatally exposed were examined for hippocampal morphology and operant behavior. Behavioral, functional, and morphological effects of UWB exposure were unremarkable with these exceptions: (i) The UWB-exposed pups emitted significantly more stress vocalizations than the sham-exposed pups; (ii) the medial-to-lateral length of the hippocampus was significantly longer in the UWB-exposed pups than in the sham-exposed animals; (iii) male offspring exposed in utero to UWB mated significantly less frequently than sham-exposed males, but when they did mate there was no difference in fertilization and offspring numbers from the sham group. There does not appear to be a unifying physiological or behavioral relationship among the significant differences observed, and our findings could be due to the expected spurious results derived when a large number of statistical comparisons are made. Significant effects found between our positive-controls and other groups on numerous measures indicates that the techniques used were sensitive enough to detect teratological effects. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDR,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA USA. USAF, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Cobb, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDR,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Bldg 1162,8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 2000 VL 21 IS 7 BP 524 EP 537 DI 10.1002/1521-186X(200010)21:7<524::AID-BEM6>3.0.CO;2-J PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 360WL UT WOS:000089690300006 PM 11015117 ER PT J AU Walters, MK AF Walters, MK TI Comments on "The differentiation between grid spacing and resolution and their application to numerical modeling" SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The comments of Grasso are extended to show that the minimum wavelength that is resolved by a numerical model is typically longer than the shortest unfiltered wave in the model. This result occurs because the numerical grid is unable to accurately describe the amplitudes and horizontal derivatives of short wavelengths in the numerical solution. The numerical scheme may also introduce phase and dispersion errors that cause short wavelengths to be inaccurate. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Walters, MK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2475 EP 2477 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2475:CAACOT>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 359QR UT WOS:000089624000009 ER PT J AU Bunning, TJ Kirkpatrick, SM Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW AF Bunning, TJ Kirkpatrick, SM Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW TI Electrically switchable gratings formed using ultrafast holographic two-photon-induced photopolymerization SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BRAGG GRATINGS; MICROFABRICATION AB Electrically Switchable Gratings Formed Using Ultrafast Holographic Two-Photon-Induced Photopolymerization Periodic gratings were formed using ultrafast holography to initiate two-photon-induced photopolymerization of a reactive monomer mixed with liquid crystal. The resulting structure shown in the cross-sectional SEM micrograph (scale bar = 3 mum) consists of periodic lamellae of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals and dense polymer. This periodic structure generates a refractive index modulation that gave rise to diffraction of light. The far-field diffraction intensity pattern can be modulated by applying an electric field across the holographic grating. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 10 BP 2842 EP + DI 10.1021/cm000500r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 366YT UT WOS:000090034400008 ER PT J AU Watson, KA Lyons, KM Donbar, JM Carter, CD AF Watson, KA Lyons, KM Donbar, JM Carter, CD TI Simultaneous Rayleigh imaging and CH-PLIF measurements in a lifted jet diffusion flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; TURBULENT; STABILIZATION; LIFTOFF; BLOWOUT AB Simultaneous Rayleigh scattering and CH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements near the stabilization region of a lifted methane-air diffusion flame are presented. The goals of this investigation are to establish flow patterns responsible for complete breaks in the CH profile that indicate local flame extinction and evaluate the stabilization mechanisms over a range of how conditions. Considerable attention has been given to vortex-flame interactions as a primary extinction mechanism of turbulent diffusion dames. The existence of holes in the flame zone is thought to result from the radial penetration of the flame by vortices from the internal fuel jet. In this investigation, Rayleigh scattering is used as a qualitative indication of gas temperature, thereby providing valuable information about the fluid near regions of local extinction, as indicated by well-defined breaks in the CH layer. The extent of premixedness in the region upstream from the CH structure is also assessed from the Rayleigh signal level. Furthermore, the roles of premixedness in flame stabilization, the nature of the leading edge, and lift-off height oscillation are discussed. (C) 2000 by The Combustion Institute. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Watson, KA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 38 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2000 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00133-4 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 357AJ UT WOS:000089476100017 ER PT J AU Michels, JH Himed, B Rangaswamy, M AF Michels, JH Himed, B Rangaswamy, M TI Performance of STAP tests in Gaussian and compound-Gaussian clutter SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Defense Applications of Signal Processing (DASP99) CY 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP USAF, Australian Defence Sci & Technol Org DE STAP; compound-Gaussian clutter; SIRP; K-distribution; NAMF; NPAMF; NG-PAMF; CFAR ID RADAR DETECTION AB The performance of a recently proposed model-based space-time adaptive processing detection method is considered here and compared with several candidate algorithms. Specifically, we consider signal detection in additive disturbance consisting of compound-Gaussian clutter plus Gaussian thermal white noise. Consideration is given to both detection and constant false alarm rate robustness with respect to clutter texture power variations. Finally, the performance of the new test is assessed using small training data support size. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY USA. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA USA. RP Michels, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 309 EP 324 DI 10.1006/dspr.2000.0377 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 363QM UT WOS:000089846100005 ER PT J AU Villars, P Brandenburg, K Berndt, M LeClair, S Jackson, A Pao, YH Igelnik, B Oxley, M Bakshi, B Chen, P Iwata, S AF Villars, P Brandenburg, K Berndt, M LeClair, S Jackson, A Pao, YH Igelnik, B Oxley, M Bakshi, B Chen, P Iwata, S TI Interplay of large materials databases, semi-empirical methods, neuro-computing and first principle calculations for ternary compound former/nonformer prediction SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE materials design; neural networks; compound prediction AB A significant breakthrough has been achieved using materials databases, semi-empirical methods and neural networks to aid in the design of new materials, A collaborative, international, team discovered that a non-linear expression involving one elemental property parameter could be used to predict, with 99+% accuracy, the occurrence of a compound for any ternary materials system. This elemental property parameter, referred to as the Mendeleev Number, was conceived by D.G. Pettifor in 1984 to group binary compounds by structure type. The near term significance of this discovery is the obvious savings, in time and resources, relative to assessing the merits of future, yet-to-be-realized, materials systems. In longer term this breakthrough is the basis for both narrowing the search space for potentially beneficial new materials and enabeling the prediction of even more specific materials information such as stoichiometries, crystal structures and intrinsic properties. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mat Phases Data Syst, CH-6354 Vitznau, Switzerland. Crystal Impact, Bonn, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wright State Univ, Fairborn, OH USA. Univ Tokyo, RACE, Tokyo, Japan. RP Villars, P (reprint author), Mat Phases Data Syst, CH-6354 Vitznau, Switzerland. OI Bakshi, Bhavik/0000-0002-6604-8408 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00028-2 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100002 ER PT J AU Pao, YH Duan, BF Zhao, YL LeClair, SR AF Pao, YH Duan, BF Zhao, YL LeClair, SR TI Analysis and visualization of category membership distribution in multivariate data SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE materials systems; compound forming; ternary systems; self-organization; cluster analysis; category membership; membership homogeneity; neural-net mapping AB This paper reports on some advances in generic data processing procedures with focus on a specific materials discovery and design task. The task is to predict whether a new ternary materials system would be compound forming or not, with the prediction to be based on knowledge of many other known exemplars. The activities and results of three related efforts are described in condensed form in this paper. In one effort, using a combination of clustering and mapping procedures, an accuracy of more than 99% was attained in predicting the category status (compound forming or not) of new ternary systems. A second effort addressed the question of how to identify redundant or superfluous features. A procedure for identifying the extent of functional dependency amongst features was developed. That procedure can be used to remove redundant features. A third effort addressed the question of how to obtain reduced dimension representations of multivariate data, albeit at the cost of loss of some information. Visualizations of low-dimensional representations can be helpful in building up holistic views of data space for use in exploration and discovery of new materials. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pao, YH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00031-2 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100005 ER PT J AU Tabib-Azar, M Muller, R LeClair, SR AF Tabib-Azar, M Muller, R LeClair, SR TI Nondestructive imaging of grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials using evanescent microwave probes SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE nondestructive characterization; local probes; atomic resolution; hyperspectral imaging of local properties; quality control ID SEMICONDUCTORS; RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPE AB Nondestructively imaging electrical properties of materials with very high spatial resolution is of great importance in analyzing electronic, semiconductor, superconductor, biological, and other materials. In this work, we introduce and discuss a new family of probes that use evanescent microwave fields to image microwave properties of materials. We discuss and explain new equipment and programming methods that have been incorporated into our setup to improve its resolution and imaging capabilities. In addition, new scanning techniques are discussed that allow for the affluence region of microwave probe to be characterized. Finally, images that were obtained from ceramics, diamond, and other types of materials are discussed to demonstrate the improved imaging capability of the evanescent microwave probe in detecting grain boundaries and firm uniformities among other parameters. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabib-Azar, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 549 EP 564 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00035-X PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100009 ER PT J AU Park, GH Lee, YJ LeClair, SR AF Park, GH Lee, YJ LeClair, SR TI Intelligent rate control for MPEG-4 coders SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE MPEG; rate control; neural-net; functional-link net; image processing AB MPEG coder can multiplex a set of independently-coded, arbitrarily-shaped video objects and transmit it through either fixed or variable rate channels such as internet, wireless or satellite communications. Some quality control algorithms should support the encoding process of the visual objects to obtain and maintain best picture quality under the constraints of the quality requirements and channel environments. This paper focuses on the design of the intelligent rate control algorithm via introducing global rate distortion (RD) model constructed by quadratic neural network, by evaluating data-driven pattern analysis rather than rate-distortion mathematical models. Proposed global RD model is very useful in case the characteristics of the video sequences are varying rapidly. The performances of the proposed algorithm are superior to those of the MPEG-4 VM5+ rate control based on the regression process using mathematical RD model, in comparison with the average bits per frame to satisfy the channel constraints, encoded peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and the number of frame skips. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Wonju 220710, Kwangwon, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, GH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 234 Maeji, Wonju 220710, Kwangwon, South Korea. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 565 EP 575 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00036-1 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100010 ER PT J AU Kim, J Park, KR Lee, JJ LeClair, SR AF Kim, J Park, KR Lee, JJ LeClair, SR TI Intelligent process control via gaze detection technology SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE gaze detection; two neural network; process control program AB Gaze detection is to locate the position on a monitor screen where a user is looking. In our work, we implement it with a computer vision system setting a camera above a monitor, and a user moves (rotates and/or translates) his face to gaze at a different position on the monitor. In our case, the user is requested to keep the pupils of his/her eyes fixed when he/she gazes at a different position on the monitor screen; though we are working on to relax this restriction. Till now, we have tried different methods and among them, the proposed Two Neural Networks method shows the best results. For application of the gaze detection techniques to the user-interface of a control program, we supplement two additional techniques. One is to drag a mouse cursor by moving his/her face after initially placing the cursor by gazing, and another is to click the cursor by winking one eye. These are applied to user-interface of a process control program in three different ways. Firstly, even when both hands are busy in doing a work, the user can still control the monitor screen by gazing, dragging and winking. Secondly, if the user is absent and not in front of the monitor when important states occur, then the system can record and replay them later when the user returns, Finally, as the system knows where the user is looking, if an emergency occurs at a different point from where he/ she is looking, then the system can display a warning signal. This paper also includes subjective and objective experimental results obtained from the tests by applying the underlined techniques to a process control for chemical vapor decomposition. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Proc Design Branch,Mfg Technol Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhkim@bubble.yonsei.ac.kr; leclaisr@ml.wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 EI 1873-6769 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 577 EP 587 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00037-3 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100011 ER PT J AU Busbee, J Biggers, R Kozlowski, G Maartense, I Jones, J Dempsey, D AF Busbee, J Biggers, R Kozlowski, G Maartense, I Jones, J Dempsey, D TI Investigation of in situ Raman spectra for the control of PLD of YBCO thin film superconductors SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; YBCO; high temperature superconductors; intelligent control; imaging ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; T-C; SPECTROSCOPY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA AB To convert superconducting thin films from an interesting area of research to a viable industrial product such as long length coated-conductors, it is fast becoming apparent that some form of process control with feedback from the growing film is necessary during deposition and post-processing. Several different methodologies are being studied. Of these, one of the most promising is Raman spectroscopy (RS). However, the Raman effect is weak and is typically not well suited as a feedback sensor in the harsh environment of a deposition chamber. RS has been used primarily as an ex situ characterization technique. Two primary questions to be answered are how will the spectra taken during deposition and during post-deposition annealing differ from that of well characterized ex situ spectra. This paper attempts to find a preliminary answer to the second question. In this study, Raman spectra were taken during post oxygen annealing of films under a variety of conditions. The critical transition temperature (T-c) of films was obtained before and after annealing using AC susceptibility measurements. Results of these tests are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the Raman spectra and images as a feedback mechanism during deposition. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Busbee, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 589 EP 596 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00038-5 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100012 ER PT J AU Jones, JG Biggers, RR Busbee, JD Dempsey, DV Kozlowski, G AF Jones, JG Biggers, RR Busbee, JD Dempsey, DV Kozlowski, G TI Image processing plume fluence for superconducting thin-film depositions SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE process control; fuzzy logic; image processing; control nonlinearities; process identification ID PULSED-LASER-DEPOSITION AB Process control is a crucial element in all deposition techniques. It is especially elusive in the versatile and efficient deposition technique known as pulsed-laser-deposition (PLD). PLD produces a plume of highly energetic components which is directed onto a suitable substrate for growing required films. Image processed plume emissions from a YBa2Cu3O7-x target are in situ monitored at 553.5 nm to determine two-dimensional spatial information about the plume. Simultaneously, time-of-flight (TOF) information also at 553.5 nm is gathered from two positions along the plume path. Manual and fuzzy-logic based regulation of laser beam energy based on this TOF feedback has resulted in improved film quality and reproducibility. Imaging of the plume under various deposition conditions, both with and without process control; will help to improve the understanding of changing environmental conditions on the plume characteristics growth and quality. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 597 EP 601 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00039-7 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100013 ER PT J AU Kropas-Hughes, CV Oxley, ME Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M AF Kropas-Hughes, CV Oxley, ME Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M TI Autoassociative-heteroassociative neural networks SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE neural networks; autoassociative neural networks; stability AB The Autoassociative-Heteroassociative Neural Network (A-HNN) is a unique integration of autoassociative and heteroassociative neural network mappings to provide a functional approximation of two variables from one. This new architecture provides three features: the autoassociative mapping enables a stability metric for assessing the robustness or accuracy of the heteroassociative mapping; the A-HNN generates the inverse of the encoding portion of an associated autoassociative neural network (AANN); and, empirically, the use of input data as target vectors (the autoassociative mapping) improves training performance of the network. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Qualia Comp Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kropas-Hughes, CV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLP, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 603 EP 609 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(00)00040-3 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 358RN UT WOS:000089571100014 ER PT J AU Gotto, AM Whitney, E Stein, EA Shapiro, DR Clearfield, M Weis, S Jou, JY Langendorfer, A Beere, PA Watson, DJ Downs, JR de Cani, JS AF Gotto, AM Whitney, E Stein, EA Shapiro, DR Clearfield, M Weis, S Jou, JY Langendorfer, A Beere, PA Watson, DJ Downs, JR de Cani, JS TI Application of the National Cholesterol Education Program and joint European treatment criteria and clinical benefit in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; primary prevention; lovastatin; guidelines ID HEART-DISEASE; PRAVASTATIN; EVENTS; MEN AB Aims The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study reported that diet with lovastatin, 20-40 mg daily, reduced the risk for a first coronary event by 37%. Because only 17% of this cohort would have qualified for drug therapy according to current U.S. guidelines, we assessed clinical benefit by risk categories. Methods and Results The main outcome measures were event rates of first acute major coronary events stratified by National Cholesterol Education Program and European criteria and target goal. Both those who would and would not be eligible for drug therapy, according to National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines, benefited from intervention. As expected, drug-eligible participants (event rate: lovastatin 1%/year, placebo 1.87%/year [relative risk 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.84]) were at greater absolute risk for acute major coronary events than non-eligible participants (lovastatin 0.62%/year, placebo 0.93%/year [relative risk 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.51, 0.88]). Similar results were found using European guidelines for coronary risk management. Treatment to a target goal suggested a non-significant trend to greater benefit. Conclusions The consistent relative benefit across risk categories suggests that it may be possible to improve identification of at-risk persons who would benefit from primary prevention, and to recommend appropriate goals of such treatment. (C) 2000 The European Society of Cardiology. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Inst Heart & Vasc, San Antonio, TX USA. Med Res Labs, Highland Heights, KY USA. Merck & Co Inc, Ft Worth, TX USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gotto, AM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, 445 E 69th St,Olin Hall,Room 205, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 21 IS 19 BP 1627 EP 1633 DI 10.1053/euhj.2000.2288 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 359HY UT WOS:000089606500016 PM 10988016 ER PT J AU Estevadeordal, J Gogineni, S Copenhaver, W Bloch, G Brendel, M AF Estevadeordal, J Gogineni, S Copenhaver, W Bloch, G Brendel, M TI Flow field in a low-speed axial fan: a DPIV investigation SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSONIC FAN AB The characteristics of the how in a low-speed axial fan were investigated using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). Instantaneous and time-averaged velocity measurements were made at the leading-edge, trailing-edge, and suction and pressure sides of the blade by synchronizing the passage of the blade with the laser and camera system. These measurements revealed steady and unsteady flow features at several operating points and allowed a composite DPIV image around the entire fan blade to be made. This composite image was compared with a panel code solution, and the main differences found between them were attributed to local viscous effects such as flow separation and wake unsteadiness that are not included in the present panel code implementation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lau Ind Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Estevadeordal, J (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0894-1777(00)00027-3 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 371FA UT WOS:000165166700002 ER PT J AU Wei, M Schwertner, HA Zeng, QT Blair, SN AF Wei, M Schwertner, HA Zeng, QT Blair, SN TI Fasting serum bilirubin concentrations and the risk of subsequent coronary heart disease death in men. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland, TX USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 618 BP 314A EP 314A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622400606 ER PT J AU Wei, M Schwertner, HA Gibbons, LW Zheng, TQ Michell, TL AF Wei, M Schwertner, HA Gibbons, LW Zheng, TQ Michell, TL TI The inverse association between baseline fasting serum bilirubin and subsequent all-cause mortality in men without baseline liver dysfunctions. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Cooper Clin, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 1068 BP 426A EP 426A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622401054 ER PT J AU Wei, M Schwertner, HA Gibbons, LW Zheng, Q Mitchell, TL AF Wei, M Schwertner, HA Gibbons, LW Zheng, Q Mitchell, TL TI Low easting serum bilirubin as a predictor of cancer mortality in men. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Cooper Clin, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 1069 BP 427A EP 427A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622401055 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Jeffries, MA Schutz, SM Sheinbaum, A Torivara, N Jolley, JJ Matossian, H Moulis, H Glombicki, AP Galen, E AF Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Jeffries, MA Schutz, SM Sheinbaum, A Torivara, N Jolley, JJ Matossian, H Moulis, H Glombicki, AP Galen, E TI A multi-center randomized trial comparing daily induction dose interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin followed by daily combination therapy versus standard combination therapy in treatment naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 1587 BP 556A EP 556A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622401571 ER PT J AU Batalama, SN Medley, MJ Pados, DA AF Batalama, SN Medley, MJ Pados, DA TI Robust adaptive recovery of spread-spectrum signals with short data records SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Space Technology Conference CY SEP, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut DE adaptive filters; code-division multiple access; impulse noise; interference suppression; multipath channels; robustness; spread-spectrum communication ID MULTIUSER DETECTION; LOCALLY OPTIMUM; RECEIVERS; CHANNELS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; CDMA AB The problem under consideration is the adaptive reception of a multipath direct-sequence spread-spectrum (SS) signal in the presence of unknown correlated SS interference and additive impulsive noise. An SS receiver structure is proposed that consists of a vector of adaptive chip-based Hampel nonlinearities followed by an adaptive auxiliary-vector linear tap-weight filter. The nonlinear receiver front-end adapts itself to the unknown prevailing noise environment providing robust performance over a wide range of underlying noise distributions. The adaptive auxiliary-vector linear tap-weight filter allows rapid SS interference suppression with a limited data record, Numerical and simulation studies under finite-data-record system adaptation show significant improvement in bit-error-rate performance over the conventional linear minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) SS receiver or conventional MVDR filtering preceded by vector adaptive chip-based nonlinear processing. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. IFGC, USAF, Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM batalama@eng.buffalo.edu; medleym@rl.af.mil; pados@eng.buffalo.edu NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 EI 1558-0857 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1725 EP 1731 DI 10.1109/26.871397 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 370CY UT WOS:000165106400017 ER PT J AU Alam, MS Bognar, JG Hardie, RC Yasuda, BJ AF Alam, MS Bognar, JG Hardie, RC Yasuda, BJ TI Infrared image registration and high-resolution reconstruction using multiple translationally shifted aliased video frames SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE aliasing; high resolution; image shift; infrared image; Nyquist sampling; shift registration; sub-pixel; Wiener filter AB Forward looking infrared (FLIR) detector arrays generally produce spatially undersampled images because the FLIR arrays cannot be made dense enough to yield a sufficiently high spatial sampling frequency. Multi-frame techniques, such as microscanning, are an effective means of reducing aliasing and increasing resolution in images produced by staring imaging systems. These techniques involve interlacing a set of image frames that have been shifted with respect to each other during acquisition. The FLIR system is mounted on a moving platform, such as an aircraft, and the vibrations associated with the platform are used to generate the shifts. Since a fixed number of image frames is required, and the shifts are random, the acquired frames will not fall on a uniformly spaced grid. Furthermore, some of the acquired frames may have almost similar shifts thus making them unusable for high-resolution image reconstruction. In this paper, we utilize a gradient-based registration algorithm to estimate the shifts between the acquired frames and then use a weighted nearest-neighbor approach for placing the frames onto a uniform grid to form a final high-resolution image. Blurring by the detector and optics of the imaging system limits the increase in image resolution when microscanning is attempted at sub-pixel movements of less than half the detector width. We resolve this difficulty by the application of the Wiener filter, designed using the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the imaging system, to the high-resolution image. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The techniques proposed herein are significantly faster than alternate techniques, and are found to be especially suitable for real-time applications. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. Technol Sci Serv Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alam, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. NR 12 TC 84 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 49 IS 5 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1109/19.872908 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 361TU UT WOS:000089740900002 ER PT J AU Cash, MA Cornette, JB Parkinson, ER Jamison, KA Fowler, CM Goettee, JD AF Cash, MA Cornette, JB Parkinson, ER Jamison, KA Fowler, CM Goettee, JD TI Benchmarking of a flux compression generator code SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE design; explosive; FCG; flux compression; generator; modeling; pulsed-power; simulation AB Science Applications International Corporation and the Air Force Research Laboratory are continuing development of a graphical design/simulation code for explosive flux compression generators (FCGs). "FCGSCA" is written in FORTRAN and Visual Basic and targets the Windows O/S (Microsoft, Chicago, IL). Basic physics principles and well-known circuit analysis techniques simulate generator-to-load performance; furthermore, FCGSCA incorporates an armature/stator inductance model, a "flux-loss'' model, and a fairly detailed treatment of the stator winding resistance. FCGSCA includes a capability for modeling transformer coupling and fuze snitching as part of various load configurations; additionally, the user can view overlays of time-history plots from one- or two-parameter variation studies. With reasonable costs in fidelity:, this approximation permits quick system-level simulations that expedite FCG design and development, Herein, we primarily explain the ease-of-use of the FCGSCA interface and report on some benchmarking against the "Ranchito" generator that has been designed and tested by Los blames National Laboratory (LANL). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32549 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cash, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1434 EP 1439 DI 10.1109/27.901210 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000023 ER PT J AU Lehr, JM Abdalla, MD Gruner, FR Cockreham, BC Skipper, MC Ahern, SM Prather, WD AF Lehr, JM Abdalla, MD Gruner, FR Cockreham, BC Skipper, MC Ahern, SM Prather, WD TI Development of a hermetically sealed, high-energy trigatron switch for high repetetion rate applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE repetitive operation; trigatron; triggered spark gap; voltage control AB Triggered gas switches increase the reliability and repeatability of pulsed power systems. In particular, the performance of high-power, repetitively rated impulse generators is greatly enhanced by including a triggered switch, Impulse generators generally consist of cascaded energy storage elements, and the pulse-to-pulse voltage variations depend, to the first order, on the consistency of the voltage in the first energy storage stage. Thus, a repetitively operated trigatron has been developed to discharge a low-inductance, 70-J primary capacitor bank with very repeatable voltage at a pulse repetition frequency of 600 Hz. In order to simplify the pulsed power for mobile field-testing, it is desirable to seal the spark gaps to eliminate the need for a gas reservoir. Although high-pressure spark gaps have been sealed previously, long-term containment has not been pursued. To operate at high-pulse repetition frequencies, hydrogen, which is notoriously hard to seal at high pressures, must be used for its superior recovery properties. The hermetic seal was achieved by the careful selection of materials and fabrication techniques and designed for at least one year of use without refreshing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. ASR Corp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Kinetech Corp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lehr, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1469 EP 1475 DI 10.1109/27.901216 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000029 ER PT J AU Davanloo, F Dussart, R Koivusaari, KJ Collins, CB Agee, FJ AF Davanloo, F Dussart, R Koivusaari, KJ Collins, CB Agee, FJ TI Photoconductive switch enhancements and lifetime studies for use in stacked Blumlein pulsers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amorphic diamond; commutation with a single switch; field emission; high-gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor; switch; high-power repetitive pulsers; photoconductive switching; rectifying heterojunctions; stacked Blumlein pulsers ID PLASMA DISCHARGE SOURCE; AMORPHIC DIAMOND FILMS; NANOPHASE AB Photoconductive switching of the stacked Blumlein pulsers, developed at the University of Texas at Dallas, currently produces high-power nanosecond pulses with risetimes on the order of 200 ps, The device has a compact geometry and is commutated by a single GaAs switch triggered by a low-power laser diode array. This report presents the progress toward improving the high-gain switch operation and lifetime in stacked Blumlein pulsers, Feasibility of the use of amorphic diamond to enhance the switch operation and longevity is studied. Improvement in switch lifetime was demonstrated by coating the triggered face of a GaAs switch cathode with highly adhesive film of amorphic diamond. Relevant semiconductor properties of amorphic diamond are discussed. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Orleans, GREMI, F-45067 Orleans 2, France. Nokia Mobil Phones, Prod Creat Ctr Oulu, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland. USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSR,NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Davanloo, F (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1500 EP 1506 DI 10.1109/27.901222 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000035 ER PT J AU Isam, NE Schamiloglu, E Schoenberg, JSH Joshi, RP AF Isam, NE Schamiloglu, E Schoenberg, JSH Joshi, RP TI Compensation mechanisms and the response of high resistivity GaAs photoconductive switches during high-power applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fast semiconductor switching; photoconductive semidconductor switches (PCSS); ultra-wideband microwave sources (UWB) ID TRANSPORT AB Photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) made from semi-insulating (SI) GaAs are the primary switching component of one class of high-power, ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave sources, The high resistivity of the GaAs can he achieved through different processing techniques. The resultant device characteristics of the PCSS such as breakdown voltage, rise time, and turn-on delay will depend on the actual processing technique that was used for the material. Simulation studies comparing an intrinsic material and a high resistivity SI GaAs PCSS grown through the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) process with a deep donor and shallow acceptor compensation mechanism highlight these differences. Simulations also elucidate the role of an n(+)-doped layer placed next to the cathode, which increases the breakdown voltage of the device. Extending the n(+) layer length beyond the cathode does not yield further improvement but leads to current confinement along a narrow strip that can initiate local heating or burnout. The doping profile of the n(+) layer also affects hold-off characteristics, a faster gradient ensuring better protection of the cathode against the substrate field, and electron injection. Doping the n(+) region with a higher concentration of carbon impurities does not produce the same effect as doping the n(+)-SI interface, These material-related issues are critical to further extending the performance characteristics of PCSSs. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Isam, NE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1512 EP 1519 DI 10.1109/27.901224 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000037 ER PT J AU Prather, WD Baum, CE Lehr, JM O'Loughlin, JP Tyo, S Schoenberg, JSH Torres, RJ Tran, TC Scholfield, DW Gaudet, J Burger, JW AF Prather, WD Baum, CE Lehr, JM O'Loughlin, JP Tyo, S Schoenberg, JSH Torres, RJ Tran, TC Scholfield, DW Gaudet, J Burger, JW TI Ultra-wideband source and antenna research SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high power microwave; impulse-radiating antenna; oil switch; photoconductive solid-state switch; spark gap switch; transient antenna; ultra-wideband AB Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave sources and antennas are of interest for a variety of applications, such as transient radar, mine detection, and unexploded ordnance (UXO) location and identification, Much of the current research is being performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Kirtland AFB, NM. The approach to high power source development has included high pressure gas switching, oil switching, and solid-state-switched arrays. Recent advances in triggered gas switch technology and solid-state-switched shockline technology have opened up new possibilities for the development of much higher power systems and have thus opened the door to many new applications. The research into UWB transient antennas has also made significant contributions to the development and improvement of wideband continuous wave (CW) antenna designs and has brought new knowledge about the complex behavior of ferrites, dielectrics, and resistive materials in short pulse, very high voltage environments. This has in turn led to advances in the technology of transformers, transmission lines, insulators, and UWB optics. This paper reviews the progress to date along these lines and discusses new areas of research into UWB technology development. C1 USAF, Res Lab, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Prather, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1624 EP 1630 DI 10.1109/27.901245 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000058 ER PT J AU Giri, DV Lehr, JM Prather, WD Baum, CE Torres, RJ AF Giri, DV Lehr, JM Prather, WD Baum, CE Torres, RJ TI Intermediate and far fields of a reflector antenna energized by a hydrogen spark-cap switched pulser SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reflector antenna; short pulse; UWB AB Previously the design, fabrication, and testing of a pulsar with a parabolic reflector antenna, known as a prototype impulse-radiating antenna (IRA), had been presented in the IEEE TRANSACTION ON PLASMA SCIENCE in 1997, The radiating system has now been more fully characterized with additional measurements and computations of near-field, intermediate, and far fields on bore sight. C1 Pro Tech, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Giri, DV (reprint author), Pro Tech, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1631 EP 1636 DI 10.1109/27.901246 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000059 ER PT J AU Yen, SCM Liu, CT AF Yen, SCM Liu, CT TI Effect of strain rate on the near crack tip behavior of a particulate composite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE high strain rate; particulate composite material; near crack tip behavior; strain field; strain gradient; damage; crack propagation ID FAILURE; GROWTH AB This paper presents experimental results regarding the crack propagation and strain field near the crack tip of a particulate composite material under high strain rates. The particulate composite material presently being studied is viscoelastic in nature, therefore, the characteristics of stress relaxation and redistribution near the vicinity of the crack tip are thought to be different under different loading rates. In addition, the strain field ahead of the crack tip is related to the evolution of the damage zone and the crack propagation rate. In particular, the size and shape of a damage zone can dominate the crack propagation process. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, RKS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Yen, SCM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 352 EP 377 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 361EF UT WOS:000089709300003 ER PT J AU Walter, A Magtibay, P Cornella, JL AF Walter, A Magtibay, P Cornella, JL TI Percutaneous bone anchor sling using synthetic mesh associated with urethral overcorrection and erosion SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL AND PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE bone anchor; erosion; pubovaginal sling; urethra ID STRESS URINARY-INCONTINENCE; BLADDER NECK SUSPENSION AB Percutaneous bone anchor bladder neck suspension has been recommended as a less morbid alternative to traditional anti-incontinence procedures. Specifically, it has reported to be associated with shorter duration of hospitalization. catheterization and urinary retention, and equivalent short-term cure rates. Recently: there have been reports of pubic osteomyelitis associated with bone anchor placement, and high incidences of recurrent incontinence. To improve the effectiveness of the procedure the placement of a suburethral synthetic collagen-impregnated mesh without tension was recommended. A specific device is included with the kit (Suture Spacer (Microvasive/Boston Scientific Corp., Natick. MA)) to prevent overcorrection of the urethro-vesical junction. We present a case of urethral erosion and complete urinary retention secondary to use of a percutaneous bone anchor sling using a ProteGen mesh (Microvasive/Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, MA). Significant postoperative urethral overcorrection was noted despite intraoperative use of the Suture Spacer. C1 Mayo Clin Scottsdale, Div Gynecol Surg, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Walter, A (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Urogynecol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J PEL JI Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 11 IS 5 BP 328 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s001920070024 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 361HC UT WOS:000089716800011 PM 11052569 ER PT J AU Valtier, S Cody, JT AF Valtier, S Cody, JT TI Differentiation of clobenzorex use from amphetamine abuse using the metabolite 4-hydroxyclobenzorex SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, MSR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. AMEDD C&S, MCCS HMP PA Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Valtier, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, MSR, 1255 Wilford Hall Loop,59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 7 BP 606 EP 613 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361AT UT WOS:000089700100021 PM 11043667 ER PT J AU Vij, A Palmer, JL Chauhan, K Williams, RV AF Vij, A Palmer, JL Chauhan, K Williams, RV TI The role of hydrogen bonding in pseudo-macrocyclic ring formation in 2,6-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene-1,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid monohydrate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE carboxylic acids; cyclooctatetraene; hydrogen bonding ID 1,5-DIMETHYL-2,4,6,8-SEMIBULLVALENETETRACARBOXYLIC DIANHYDRIDE; HOMOAROMATIC SEMIBULLVALENES; SEARCH AB 2,6-Dimethyl-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene-1,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid 3, C14H14O9, was prepared by thermolysis of the corresponding semibullvalene and characterized by spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The monohydrate of 3 crystallizes in the tetrahedral space group P-4n2, a = 11.0924(3) Angstrom, c = 12.6799(5) Angstrom, V = 1560.15(9) Angstrom (3), Z = 4. The cyclooctatetraene ring adopts a tub-shaped conformation with a crystallograpically imposed twofold rotational symmetry, and is composed of localized C=C double bonds in the 1,3,5, and 7 positions with an average interatomic distance of 1.327 (5) Angstrom and C-C single bonds with an average interatomic distance of 1.489(5) Angstrom. The average C=C-C angle in the ring is 122.6(3)degrees. Each symmetry generated eight-membered ring contains four carboxyl groups, two of which are coplanar with the methyl groups across the C=C ring atoms. However, across the C-C bonds the carboxyl groups and the methyl groups show a torsion angle of 64.3(4)degrees. The presence of a water molecule in the crystal lattice generates a three-dimensional network of close hydrogen bondings between water and the carboxyl groups of multiple rings. This creates a network of orthogonal 10-membered rings between the 8-membered rings. Two given cyclooctatetraene rings are intermolecularly hydrogen bonded not only directly through their carboxyl groups but also via a bridging water molecule. This effect is rare in polycarboxylic acids and their monohydrates which bond only with water or among themselves. C1 AFRL, PRS, Edwards Air Force Base, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Vij, A (reprint author), AFRL, PRS, Edwards Air Force Base, 10 e Saturn Blvd,Bldg S451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; G, Neela/H-3016-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 30 IS 10 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1023/A:1011981630202 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 487GH UT WOS:000171865000001 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Scanlon, LG AF Kumar, B Scanlon, LG TI Composite electrolytes for lithium rechargeable batteries SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE composite; electrolyte; polymer-ceramic; lithium; battery ID PHASE SOLID ELECTROLYTES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY AB The paper reviews and presents attributes of emerging polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes for lithium rechargeable batteries. The electrochemical data of a diverse range of composite electrolytes reveal that the incorporation of a ceramic component in a polymer matrix leads to enhanced conductivity, increased lithium transport number, and improved electrode-electrolyte interfacial stability. The conductivity enhancement depends upon the weight fraction of the ceramic phase, annealing parameters, nature of polymer-ceramic system, and temperature. The ceramic additive also increases the effective glass transition temperature and thus decouples structural and electrical relaxation modes which in turn increases the lithium transport number. The ceramic additives also provide a range of free energy of reactions with lithium. A few of the ceramic materials (MgO, CaO, Si3N4) have positive free energy of reaction and they should not passivate lithium electrodes. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk,KL 501, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 5 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1023/A:1009958118260 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 371AK UT WOS:000165155300005 ER PT J AU Paquet, E Robinette, KM Rioux, M AF Paquet, E Robinette, KM Rioux, M TI Management of three-dimensional and anthropometric databases: Alexandria and Cleopatra SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Data Exploration and Analysis VI CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol ID 3D OBJECT RECOGNITION AB This paper describes two systems for managing three-dimensional and anthropometric databases, namely Alexandria and Cleopatra. Each system is made out of three parts: the crawler, the analyzer and the search engine. The crawler retrieves the content from the network while the analyzer describes automatically the shape, scale, and color of each retrieved object and writes down a compact descriptor. The search engine applies the query by example paradigm to find and retrieve similar or related objects from the database based on different aspects of three-dimensional shape, scale, and color distribution. The descriptors are defined and the implementation of the system is detailed The application of the system to the CAESAR anthropometric survey is discussed. Experimental results from the CAESAR database and from generic databases are presented. (C) 2000 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(00)01004-7]. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paquet, E (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Bldg M-50-VI Technol,Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD OCT PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1117/1.1289349 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 365YM UT WOS:000089978100008 ER PT J AU Vaidya, UK Palazotto, AN Gummadi, LNB AF Vaidya, UK Palazotto, AN Gummadi, LNB TI Low velocity impact and compression-after-impact response of Z-pin reinforced core sandwich composites SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Durability and Damage Tolerance of Composite Materials and Structures (DDTCMS) held at the IMECE/ASME Meeting CY NOV 14-19, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Mat Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Appl Mech Div AB In the current work, sandwich composite structures with innovative constructions referred to as Z-pins, or truss core pins, are investigated. The Z-pin core sandwich construction offers enhanced transverse stiffness, high damage resistance, and multi-functional benefits. The present study deals with analysis of low-velocity impact (LVI) of Z-pin sandwich plate, and experimental studies of compression-after-impact characterization. Experimental studies on LVI of Z-pin sandwich plate considered in the analysis have been reported in Vaidya, et al., 1999, ''Low Velocity Impact Response of Laminated Sandwich Composites with Hollow and Foam-Filled Z-Pin Reinforced Core," Journal of Composites Technology and Research, JCTRER, 21, No. 2, Apr., pp. 84-97, where the samples were subjected to 11, 20, 28, 33, and 40 J of impact energy. The LVI analysis is developed with regards to Z-pin buckling as a primary failure mode (and based on experimental observations). A finite element model accounting for buckling of the pins has been developed and analyzed using ABAQUS. This paper also presents experimental results on compression-after-impact (CAI) studies which were performed on the sandwich composites with Z-pin reinforced core ''with'' and ''without'' foam. The experimental LVI tests were performed in Vaidya, et al., 1999 "Low Velocity Impact Response of Laminated Sandwich Composites with Hollow and Foam-Filled Z-Pin Reinforced Core,'' Journal of Composites Technology and Research, JCTRER, 21, No. 2, Apr., pp. 84-97 The results indicate that selective use of Z-pin core is a viable idea in utilizing space with the core for sandwich composites in structural applications. [S0094-4289(00)02904-2]. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaidya, UK (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 19 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1115/1.1289141 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 404PF UT WOS:000167108800014 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Thonnard, SE Budzien, SA Thomas, RJ Bullett, TN Bucsela, EJ AF Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Thonnard, SE Budzien, SA Thomas, RJ Bullett, TN Bucsela, EJ TI O+, O, and O-2 densities derived from measurements made by the High Resolution Airglow/Aurora Spectrograph (HIRAAS) sounding rocket experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOPKINS ULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPE; DISCRETE INVERSE-THEORY; DAYGLOW; NIGHTGLOW; OXYGEN; MODEL; 834-A; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; RECOMBINATION AB We present the results of an analysis of the O II 834 Angstrom and O I 1356 Angstrom altitude profiles measured during a sounding rocket flight on March 19, 1992. The profiles were analyzed using a new set of models that used discrete inverse theory to seek a maximum likelihood fit to the data. Both profiles were fit simultaneously to ensure consistency of the retrieved ionosphere and thermospheric neutral density. During the analysis the thermospheric neutral density and temperature were modeled using the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS-86) model [Hedin, 1987]. Two parameters were used to scale the absolute MSIS O and O-2 densities; the exospheric temperature was altered by varying the 10.7 cm solar flux (an MSIS-86 input). The ionospheric O+ density was modeled by a three-parameter Chapman layer. The retrieved MSIS scalars for the O and O-2 densities were 0.47 +/- 0.09 and 0.58 +/- 0.14, respectively. These scalars indicate that the MSIS-86 model predicted significantly higher O and O-2 densities. The inferred exospheric temperature was 1125 K in good agreement with the MSIS-86 prediction. The derived O density is in good agreement with the O density inferred from midultraviolet spectra observed during the same rocket flight [Bucsela et al., 1998]. The retrieved F region peak density, 1.98 +/- 0.63 x 10(6) cm(-3), peak height, 291 +/- 22 km, and plasma scale height, 138 +/- 24 km, all agreed with coincident digisonde measurements. Thus we have demonstrated that the ionospheric state can be accurately determined by inversion of observed O II 834 Angstrom limb radiance profiles. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Lexington, MA USA. Raytheon STX Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A10 BP 23025 EP 23033 DI 10.1029/1999JA000450 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 359UN UT WOS:000089630600007 ER PT J AU Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP Cayton, TE AF Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP Cayton, TE TI Enhancement of equatorial energetic electron fluxes near L=4.2 as a result of high speed solar wind streams SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; RADIATION BELT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; PROTONS; ZONE; ACCELERATION; PREDICTION AB We examine the relationship of energetic equatorial electron flux enhancements occurring near L = 4.2 and 6.6 associated with 26 well-defined high-speed solar wind streams (HSSWS) detected by Wind between December 1994 and September 1996. Events were selected for having high-energy (>2 MeV) geosynchronous electron daily average fluxes surpassing 10(3) cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) for at least a day as measured by GOES 7 or GOES 9. Los Alamos differential-energy electron data fi-om SOFA (0.2 - 2.0 MeV) at L = 6.6 and the GPS BDD-II dosimeters (0.2 - 3.2 MeV) at L = 4.2 illustrate that flux dropouts are typically observed in all energy channels at both equatorial altitudes within the fil st day of each event. While SOFA consistently records postdropout flux enhancements, GPS dosimeters detect equatorial postdropout enhancements in 1.6-3.2 MeV electron fluxes in only 15 of 26 events and all are either concurrent (1 event) with or follow (14 events) the geosynchronous increases of electrons with similar values of the first adiabatic invariant, mu similar to 2.1 x 10(3) MeV G(-1). In addition, 10 of 15 GPS growth periods produced electron enhancements above predropout levels. For all 26 events the phase space density for electrons of similar mu is consistently greater at geosynchronous altitude than at GPS equatorial altitude. The critical factor leading to GPS L = 4.2 electron flux enhancements is elevated geomagnetic activity levels Of Kp similar to 3.0 - 3.5 and above Tor extended periods. A combination of enhanced solar wind ram pressure, electric field (with B-south), and velocity also appears to be necessary. If outward phase space density gradients are combined with the large electric fields generally accompanying elevated Kp, then sufficient conditions may exist to promote the inward radial diffusive transport of equatorial electrons that ultimately lead to electron flux enhancements at GPS altitudes. Comparison of observed and theoretically estimated electron growth rates is consistent with this picture of inward radial transport for these equatorially mirroring particles with mu similar to 2.1 x 10(3) MeV G(-1) at L = 4.2. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hilmer, RV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A10 BP 23311 EP 23322 DI 10.1029/1999JA000380 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 359UN UT WOS:000089630600029 ER PT J AU Lanham, RA Weissenburger, JE Schwab, KA Rosner, MM AF Lanham, RA Weissenburger, JE Schwab, KA Rosner, MM TI A longitudinal investigation of the concordance between individuals with traumatic brain injury and family or friend ratings on the Katz Adjustment Scale SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE awareness; concordance; DVHIP; Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS); Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NBRS); traumatic brain injury ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; IMPAIRED AWARENESS; BEHAVIORAL LIMITATIONS; SIGNIFICANT OTHERS; PRACTICAL SCALE; RELATIVES; REHABILITATION; CONSCIOUSNESS; QUESTIONNAIRE; DYSFUNCTION AB Changes in the level of agreement (concordance) between self and family or friend reporting on the Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS) from 6 to 12 months postinjury were assessed in 55 individuals with traumatic brain injury (IwTBI). Although the concordance between self and family/friend reports significantly increased over the course of recovery, possibly reflecting improvements in awareness, the concordance showed limited relationship to measures of injury severity and neuropsychological functioning. Concordance did not significantly relate to clinicians' ratings of inaccurate insight and self-appraisal on the awareness item from the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NBRS). Clinicians' ratings of awareness demonstrated only limited relationship to measures of injury severity and neuropsychological functioning, as well. Although similar results in the literature have been interpreted as demonstrating that awareness, defined as concordance, is possibly a unique construct separate from injury severity and neuropsychological functioning, an alternative hypothesis is presented concerning other noninjury factors that may affect the level of agreement in problem reporting between IwTBI and family/friend informants. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Dept Traumat Brain Injury, Minneapolis, MN USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lanham, RA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Dept Traumat Brain Injury, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1138 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 359DT UT WOS:000089596800006 PM 10970933 ER PT J AU Gazitt, Y Callander, N Freytes, CO Shaughnessy, P Liu, Q Tsai, TW Devore, P AF Gazitt, Y Callander, N Freytes, CO Shaughnessy, P Liu, Q Tsai, TW Devore, P TI Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization with cyclophosphamide in combination with G-CSF, GM-CSF, or sequential GM-CSF/G-CSF in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: A randomized prospective study SO JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY; CLONAL MYELOMA CELLS; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; ENGRAFTMENT KINETICS; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; SOLID TUMORS; BONE-MARROW; GRANULOCYTE AB We designed a randomized, prospective three-arm mobilization study to determine the kinetics of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization in 60 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients primed with cyclophosphamide (CTX) in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (arm A), granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF (arm B) or GM-CSF/G-CSF (arm C). We also compared mobilization and transplant-related toxicities, pre- and post-transplant support and the probability of survival among the three arms. To date, 35 patients have been enrolled in the study; 13 patients have been enrolled in arm A, 10 patients in arm B, and 13 patients in arm C. Successful collection of the target of greater than or equal to 2x10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg in one to four apheresis collections was 10/13, 6/10, and 7/12 in arms A, B, and C, respectively. The differences between arms were not statistically significant. The median time to achieve the target CD34(+) cells in patients who successfully mobilized the target CD34(+) cells was 3 days, 2 days, and 1 day, in patients in arms A, B, and C, respectively. The time for neutrophil engraftment was 11, 10, and 10 days in arms A, B, and C, respectively. The time for platelet engraftment was 11 days for patients in all arms of the study. Most importantly, no significant differences were observed among the three arms in the duration of neutropenic fever, the extent of mucositis, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting, or in the number of units of platelets or red cells transfused after transplantation. Risk factors associated with poor mobilization were greater than or equal to3 regimens of chemotherapy prior to mobilization, older age, and disease histology (follicular versus diffuse). Therefore, we conclude that the type of growth factor used for mobilization did not play a major role in the outcome of mobilization and recommend mobilizing NHL patients before they receive multiple regimens of chemotherapy. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Hosp, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Gazitt, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Hematol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1525-8165 J9 J HEMATOTH STEM CELL JI J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 9 IS 5 BP 737 EP 748 DI 10.1089/15258160050196786 PG 12 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 375ZE UT WOS:000165432700018 PM 11091498 ER PT J AU Wells, MK AF Wells, MK TI Deadly sky: The American combat airman in World War II SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wells, MK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1194 EP 1195 DI 10.2307/2677312 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 359TU UT WOS:000089628800051 ER PT J AU Neville, HA Lilly, RL AF Neville, HA Lilly, RL TI The relationship between racial identity cluster profiles and psychological distress among African American college students SO JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID BLACK-STUDENTS; ATTITUDES AB One hundred eighty-two African American college students completed the Racial Identity Attitudes Scale. Results from the multivariate categorization scheme revealed 5 types of empirically derived racial identity attitude profiles: "dissonance internalization" (34%), "committed internalization" (30%), "engaged internalization" (21%), "undifferentiated racial identity" (8%), and "dormant racial identity" (7%). The profiles significantly differed on Brief Symptom Inventory subscale scores. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Counseling & Educ Psychol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Black Studies Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Neville, HA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Counseling & Educ Psychol, 16 Hill Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COUNSELING ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 5999 STEVENSON AVE, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22304-3300 USA SN 0883-8534 J9 J MULTICULT COUNS D JI J. Multicult. Couns. Dev. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 194 EP 207 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 363GT UT WOS:000089827600001 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JA Cogley, C Burton, M Lancaster-Weiss, K Cordle, RA AF O'Connor, JA Cogley, C Burton, M Lancaster-Weiss, K Cordle, RA TI Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: Endoscopic findings SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE endoscopy; Epstein-Barr virus; pediatric; posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder ID PEDIATRIC LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; BARR-VIRUS INFECTION; DISEASE AB Background: posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) may manifest a variety of nonspecific symptoms and must be suspected in the patient who undergoes solid organ transplantation. Common sites of occurrence include the gastrointestinal tract, the central nervous system, and lymphoid tissue of the oral pharynx, mediastinum, and mesentery. The large incidence of gastrointestinal involvement provides an opportunity for endoscopic diagnosis. This is the description of a characteristic endoscopic finding in patients who have undergone liver transplantation who are under evaluation for suspected PTLD. Methods: During a 2-year period, 27 liver transplantations were performed in 24 pediatric patients. Fourteen patients underwent endoscopic evaluation. Indications for endoscopy included abdominal pain, vomiting, hematemesis, irritability, growth failure, anemia, occult blood loss, and suspected PTLD. Biopsy specimens were obtained from any endoscopically detected abnormality and from the duodenum, gastric antrum, esophagus, terminal ileum, cecum, and rectum. Specimens with suspected PTLD were evaluated with Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane stain. Results: Six patients were found to have a characteristic lesion, which was raised, rubbery, and erythematous, with a central ulceration. Lesions were singular or multiple and ranged from 5 to 15 mm in diameter. Microscopic evaluation revealed a monotonous proliferation of lymphocytes. All specimens were positive for Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein stain. Stains for cytomegalovirus were negative. Biopsy specimens from the eight patients without identified characteristic lesions were negative for PTLD. Conclusions: Panendoscopy is a useful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal PTLD. Endoscopy is easily accomplished, may provide an instantaneous result if the characteristic lesion is identified, and provides tissue for disease classification. Patients with unexplained gastrointestinal signs or symptoms should undergo panendoscopy for suspected PTLD. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP O'Connor, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat MMNP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 31 IS 4 BP 458 EP 461 DI 10.1097/00005176-200010000-00026 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 360WM UT WOS:000089690400025 PM 11045850 ER PT J AU Scroggie, DA Carpenter, MT Cooper, RI Higgs, JB AF Scroggie, DA Carpenter, MT Cooper, RI Higgs, JB TI Parvovirus arthropathy outbreak in southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parvovirus; infectious arthritis; arthritis outbreaks; viral arthritis ID ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM; B19 INFECTION; MANIFESTATIONS; ARTHRITIS; ADULTS AB Objective. We describe an outbreak of parvovirus (PV) arthropathy that was detected in a rheumatology clinic in San Antonio, Texas, during the winter of 1994. Parvovirus B19 causes acute symmetric polyarthritis (ASPA) in adults. Ln the US, the majority of cases described are from the northern US. Methods. An outbreak of PV arthropathy was monitored in a San Antonio area rheumatology clinic. Results. Of the 16 affected patients, 69% were female, ages ranging from 23 to 60 years; 75% had close contact with children, 58% of whom were exposed to children with clinical PV. All patients noted an acute arthritis except for 2 patients with polyarthralgias. The most common presentation was ASPA (9/16), with 10/16 complaining of viral prodrome, and 5/16 having a nonspecific rash, but none with the typical "slapped cheek" appearance. Eleven patients had an ASPA at some time in their illness. Of these, 3 had a true migratory arthritis that developed into an ASPA and another 2 were additive. Two additional patients had persistent asymmetric polyarthritis. The most common joints involved were the metacarpophalangeals, proximal interphalangeals, wrists, and knees. Most patients' syndromes lasted <6 weeks, but 3 patients had symptoms that lasted longer than 6 months. Eight of 10 had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Rheumatoid factor was detected in 3 patients and antinuclear antibody in 2. All patients were treated symptomatically with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and a few also received low dose corticosteroids. Because of suspicious clinical presentations, 2 patients were presumed to have gonococcal arthritis before PV titers were available. Conclusion. This is the first large series on adults with PV arthropathy reported in the southern US. In contrast to the usual features of ASPA, the outbreak appears unique in that almost 40% of cases presented with a true mi,oratory arthritis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMIR, MDOS 759, Dept Nephrol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Dept Internal Med, Keesler AFB, MS USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Scroggie, DA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMIR, MDOS 759, Dept Nephrol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2444 EP 2448 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 360LN UT WOS:000089669300024 PM 11036842 ER PT J AU Elmer, MKB George, MRM Peterson, MK AF Elmer, MKB George, MRM Peterson, MK TI Therapeutic update: Use of risperidone for the treatment of monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC DELUSIONAL DISORDER; PIMOZIDE; PARASITOSIS; INFESTATION AB Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychoses such as delusions of parasitosis are often difficult to treat. For the past two decades, pimozide has been considered the drug of choice. Although a few controlled studies have been done to support the efficacy of pimozide, the recommendation of treatment of choice is largely based on case reports. Pimozide has significant side effects, including cardiac and extrapyramidal abnormalities, which are of most concern in the treatment of the elderly Although pimozide does appear to be effective in some cases of somatic delusional disorders, newer antipsychotics such as risperidone have also been shown to be beneficial in treating this perplexing duster of disorders. Risperidone is generally considered safer than pimozide and should be considered as first-line therapy for monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychoses. C1 Med Serv, Yakota AB, Japan. Dermatol Serv, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Elmer, MKB (reprint author), Med Serv, Yakota AB, Japan. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 360MM UT WOS:000089671800019 PM 11004627 ER PT J AU Mills, SE AF Mills, SE TI The dental unit waterline controversy: Defusing the myths, defining the solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; BIOFILMS; LEGIONELLA; SYSTEMS; DISINFECTION; FILTRATION; ACANTHAMOEBA; CHLORINATION; PREVALENCE AB Background and Overview. This article reviews the literature on the subject of dental unit waterline contamination. It has been expanded from the text of a lecture given at the Scientific Frontiers in Dentistry program sponsored by the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial. Research in Bethesda, Md., in July 1999. The author examines the underlying biological causes of waterline colonization by microorganisms, the evidence of potential health consequences and possible means of improving the quality of dental water. He also describes examples of devices currently marketed to improve and maintain the quality of dental treatment water. Conclusions. Microorganisms colonize dental units and contaminate dental treatment water. While documented instances of related illness are few, water that does not meet potable-water standards is inappropriate for use in dentistry. Clinical Implications. Exposure to water containing high numbers of bacteria violates basic principles of clinical infection control. Dentists should consider available options for improving the quality of water used in dental treatment. C1 USAF Dent Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USAF Surg Gen, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. RP Mills, SE (reprint author), 12312 Dendron Pl, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. NR 61 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1427 EP 1441 PG 15 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 362UK UT WOS:000089796500020 PM 11042982 ER PT J AU Moore, GE Mathey, WS Eggers, JS AF Moore, GE Mathey, WS Eggers, JS TI Osteosarcoma in adjacent lumbar vertebrae in a dog SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RADIOGRAPHIC BONE SURVEYS; OSTEO-SARCOMA; METASTASES; TUMORS AB Vertebral osteosarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm. Affected dogs typically have neurologic signs consistent with spinal cord compression. New sensitive imaging methods may reveal tumor-associated changes not evident in routine radiographs, thus enhancing locoregional staging of disease. Metastatic lesions of osteosarcoma in adjacent bones may develop before there is radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis. C1 US Dept Def, Mil Working Dog Vet Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Moore, GE (reprint author), US Dept Def, Mil Working Dog Vet Serv, 1219 Knight St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 7 BP 1038 EP 1040 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1038 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 357ZG UT WOS:000089532300026 PM 11019712 ER PT J AU Chen, J Scofield, J Steckl, AJ AF Chen, J Scofield, J Steckl, AJ TI Formation of SiCSOI structures by direct growth on insulating layers SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SI(100); SI(111) AB SiC semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) structures have been fabricated by the direct deposition of crystalline SiC films on SiO2/Si, Si3N4/Si, and poly-Si/SiO2/Si substrates. The Si substrates were all <100> oriented. The SiC deposition utilized single organosilane precursors (silacyclobutane and trimethylsilane) at temperatures of similar to 1200 degrees C, producing growth rates of similar to 1 mu m/min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that all SIC films are <111> oriented with a 2 theta peak at 35.6 degrees with linewidths between 0.21 and 0.24 degrees. The XRD SiC(111) peak has a maximum for SiC/SiO2/Si SOI structures with SiO2 thickness values of 30-70 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy performed in the transmission mode revealed only the Si-C bond stretching vibration at 800 cm(-1). In reflection mode FTIR, the Si-C bond vibration peak frequency shifts to 785 cm(-1). The SiC-insulator interfaces of SiC/SiO2/Si and SiC/Si3N4/Si structures are very smooth and free of voids. Initial fabrication of static microelectromechanical systems devices has shown that chemical vapor deposition conformal growth of SiC on structured sacrificial layers is successful. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)12-061-5. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. OI Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 147 IS 10 BP 3845 EP 3849 DI 10.1149/1.1393983 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 359GJ UT WOS:000089602900043 ER PT J AU Moore, SA Steinhubl, SR AF Moore, SA Steinhubl, SR TI Clopidogrel and coronary stenting: What is the next question? SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE clopidogrel; coronary stent ID THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; ARTERY STENTS; TICLOPIDINE; ANTIPLATELET; STROKE; PREVENTION; PLACEMENT; ASPIRIN; THERAPY; RISK AB Today, following coronary stenting, clopidogrel has largely replaced ticlopidine as part of combination antiplatelet therapy following coronary stenting primarily due to its better tolerability. While there is no randomized, blinded, efficacy trial of ticlopidine versus clopidogrel, there are ample data from a number of observational studies, randomized non-blinded trials, and a randomized blinded safety trial to prove that clopidogrel is not only safer than ticlopidine, but also at least as efficacious following stenting. With over 10,000 treated patients, pooled data suggest similar rates of stent thrombosis (clopidogrel 0.98% vs. ticlopidine 0.98%) and lower rates of major adverse cardiac events with clopidogrel (clopidogrel 1.63% vs. ticlopidine 4.52%, p < 0.001), with a clear advantage for clopidogrel regarding adverse events (clopidogrel 5.91% vs. ticlopidine 9.75%, p < 0.001). With clopidogrel's superior safety and at least equivalent efficacy, the question of "which thienopyridine?" post-stenting has been answered. Now the questions "how much?", "how soon?" and "how long?" must be addressed. The Clopidogrel for the Reduction of Events During Observation (CREDO) trial is a multi-center, double-blind, randomized trial designed to answer these remaining questions. CREDO will evaluate the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel pretreatment versus no pretreatment, and prolonged (1 year), versus short-term (1 month) dual antiplatelet therapy in 2,000 patients undergoing planned or highly probable coronary intervention with a stent. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM Steinhubl@sprintmail.com NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5305 EI 1573-742X J9 J THROMB THROMBOLYS JI J. Thromb. Thrombolysis PD OCT PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1023/A:1018706324908 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 358HZ UT WOS:000089553700002 PM 11005933 ER PT J AU Randolph, MGLM LaPorte, RE Sauer, F Sekikawa, A Sa, ER Aaron, D Acosta, B AF Randolph, MGLM LaPorte, RE Sauer, F Sekikawa, A Sa, ER Aaron, D Acosta, B TI Advanced classroom learning through civilian-military shareware SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Randolph, MGLM (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. OI Sekikawa, Akira/0000-0002-7197-6321 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 165 IS 10 BP 714 EP 715 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 363MK UT WOS:000089839200005 ER PT J AU Wright, EF Syms, CA Bifano, SL AF Wright, EF Syms, CA Bifano, SL TI Tinnitus, dizziness, and nonotologic otalgia improvement through temporomandibular disorder therapy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting on Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorder CY MAY 01-03, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID MYOFASCIAL PAIN AB U.S. Air Force otologic patients seeking care at Wilford Hall Medical Center for tinnitus, dizziness, and/or nonotologic otalgia without an identifiable cause and presenting with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms in the temple, jaw, or preauricular area or with otalgia at least once a month were referred to a TMD specialty clinic. The patients were provided a dental orthotic and TMD self-care instructions. After 3 months of orthotic wear, the percentages of patients reporting at least moderate symptom improvement of their tinnitus, dizziness, otalgia, and/or TMD were 64, 91, 87, and 92%, respectively. Follow-up telephone calls 6 months after completion of TMD therapy revealed that all patients maintained their symptom improvements. These findings imply that TMD was affecting the patients' otologic symptoms. Patients seeking care for tinnitus, dizziness, and/or nonotologic otalgia without an identifiable cause may have TMD, and their otologic symptoms may benefit from conservative reversible TMD therapy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wright, EF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 165 IS 10 BP 733 EP 736 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 363MK UT WOS:000089839200010 PM 11050868 ER PT J AU Lindemuth, JS Hagge, MS AF Lindemuth, JS Hagge, MS TI Effect of universal testing machine crosshead speed on the shear bond strength and bonding failure mode of composite resin to enamel and dentin SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 78th General Session of the International-Association-for-Dental-Research CY APR 05-08, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Int Assoc Dent Res ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; IN-VITRO; ADHESIVES; SYSTEMS; AGENTS AB An investigation was conducted to determine if testing machine crosshead speed influenced shear bond strength (SBS) or the failure mode of composite bonded to enamel and dentin. Composite cylinders were bonded to 50 enamel and 50 dentin surfaces and thermocycled. Groups of 10 samples were debonded at speeds of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mm/min. Data were examined with analysis of variance and post-hoc testing. Failure modes were determined using 10x magnification. With enamel, no significant differences in SBS existed, and cohesive vs. adhesive failure modes were similar for all groups. With dentin, the 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mm/min samples had significantly higher SBS than the 0.1 and 10.0 mm/min samples (p < 0.05). No other differences in SBS were found. Samples tested at 0.5 mm/min demonstrated strikingly better cohesive vs. adhesive results than all other groups. SBS and cohesive vs. adhesive failures achieved with dentin bonding were significantly affected by crosshead speed. C1 SGDE, Dent Squadron 60, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Lindemuth, JS (reprint author), SGDE, Dent Squadron 60, 101 Bodin Circle,Bldg 777, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 165 IS 10 BP 742 EP 746 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 363MK UT WOS:000089839200012 PM 11050870 ER PT J AU Norquist, DC AF Norquist, DC TI Cloud predictions diagnosed from global weather model forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COVER AB The U.S. Air Force has a long history of investment in Cloud analysis and prediction operations. Their need for accurate cloud cover information has resulted in routine production of global cloud analyses (from their RTNEPH analysis model) and forecasts (using their ADVCLD cloud trajectory forecast model) over many years. With the advancement of global numerical weather prediction technology and resulting forecast accuracy of noncloud meteorological quantities, it is of interest to determine if such technology could be used to benefit cloud cover forecasting. In this paper, a model output statistics approach to diagnosing cloud cover from forecast fields generated by a global numerical weather prediction model is presented. Cloud characteristics information obtained from the RTNEPH cloud analysis supplied the cloud predictands, and forecast fields from the U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System global weather prediction model provided the weather variable predictors. RTNEPH layer cloud cover was assigned to three cloud decks (high, middle, and low) based on reported cloud-base altitude, and RTNEPH total cloud cover was used as a separate predictand. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) was used to develop the predictand-predictor relationships For each cloud deck and total cloud using 5 days of twice-daily cloud analyses and corresponding forecasts for 30 degrees latitude zones. The consequent relationships were applied to the forecasts fields from the forecast initialized on the day following each 5-day development period to diagnose cloud cover forecasts for the Northern or Southern Hemisphere. In this study, cloud cover forecasts were diagnosed from global NWP model forecasts on hemispheric polar stereographic map projections with a grid spacing of 96 km. The diagnosed cloud forecasts (DCFs) were verified against the RTNEPH analyses for forecast durations of 12-72 h at 12-h intervals. Also verified were 12-48-h cloud cover forecasts (deck and total) from the ADVCLD cloud trajectory model, and from persistence (RTNEPH at initial forecast rime). Biases from all three methods were generally small. The DCFs were significantly better than ADVCLD and persistence in all decks and total cloud, at almost all forecast durations in rmse and 20/20 score. ADVCLD scored better in these measures only at 12 h in total cloud, suggesting the possibility of a crossover in superior prediction skill from trajectory to diagnostic method somewhere between 12 and 24 h. DCF better preserved the cloud cover frequency distribution than did ADVCLD. ADVCLD displayed a greater degree of spatial variation inherent in RTNEPH cloud cover than did DCF Both ADVCLD and DCF visual depictions of hemispheric total cloud cover appeared to provide useful cloud cover forecast information when compared with RTNEPH depictions. The advantages of the diagnosed cloud forecast algorithm presented in this study make it an excellent candidate for operational cloud cover prediction. It is expected that as cloud cover analyses are improved, the trajectory and diagnostic methods will prove complementary with the former more skillful at short-term predictions, and the latter better at long-term forecasts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Norquist, DC (reprint author), AFWA DNX, VSBL, WTU, AFRL, 106 Peacekeeper Dr, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 128 IS 10 BP 3538 EP 3555 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<3538:CPDFGW>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 367AY UT WOS:000090040300010 ER PT J AU Mathews, KA Miller, RL Brennan, CR AF Mathews, KA Miller, RL Brennan, CR TI Split-cell, linear characteristic transport method for unstructured tetrahedral meshes SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RADIATION TRANSPORT; SLAB GEOMETRY; EQUATIONS AB The linear characteristic (LC) method is extended to unstructured meshes of tetrahedral cells in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. For each ordinate in a discrete ordinates sweep, Each cell is split into subcells along a line parallel to the ordinate. Direct affine transformations among appropriate oblique Cartesian coordinate systems for the faces and interior of each cell and subcell are used to simplify the characteristic transport through each subcell. This approach is straightforward and eliminates computationally expensive trigonometric functions. An efficient and well-conditioned technique for evaluating the required integral moments of exponential functions is presented Various test problems are used to demonstrate (a) the approach to cubic convergence as the mesh is refined (b) insensitivity to the details of irregular meshes, and (c) numerical robustness. These tests also show that meshes should represent volumes of regions with curved as well as planar boundaries exactly and that cells should have optical thicknesses throughout the mesh that are more or less equal. A hybrid Monte Carlo/discrete ordinates method together with MCNP, is used to distinguish between error introduced by the angular and the spatial quadratures. We conclude that the LC method should be a practical and reliable scheme for these meshes, presuming that the cells are not optically too thick. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mathews, KA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENP, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 136 IS 2 BP 178 EP 201 PG 24 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358DX UT WOS:000089542900002 ER PT J AU Spahn, JM Schuette, LK Lockhart, DA Myers, EF AF Spahn, JM Schuette, LK Lockhart, DA Myers, EF TI Changing overweight and obesity treatment in the Air Force: Adoption of clinical practice guidelines SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Elmendorf AFB, Med Grp 3, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA PD43 BP 107S EP 107S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100423 ER PT J AU Rogers, S Scarpino, F Williamson, T Lee, MK Baumbach, J Cowan, WD Wiff, DR AF Rogers, S Scarpino, F Williamson, T Lee, MK Baumbach, J Cowan, WD Wiff, DR TI Adaptive optics systems implemented using two-dimensional phase retrieval and a microelectromechanical deformable mirror SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing CY JUL, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; microelectromechanical structures; microoptoelectromechanical systems; micromirrors; two-dimensional phase retrieval; beam shaping; beam steering; beamsplitting; hardware description language; field programmable gate arrays ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; BEAM; TRANSMISSION; ARRAY AB We present a fast 2-D phase retrieval approach used to perform optical phase modulation of a microelectromechanical-deformable mirror (MEM-DM). Traditional solutions to beamsplitting, beam steering, and beam shaping (BS3) involve multiple and sometimes costly optical components. For example, beamsplitting is normally accomplished with beamsplitters, beam steering is normally achieved with gimbaled mechanical devices, and beam shaping is normally done with addressable, polarized, and potentially absorptive devices such as LCDs. Using the phase retrieval algorithm with a desired far-field amplitude pattern as a constraint, a segmented wavefront control device is shown to simultaneously perform the functions of BS3. The MEM-DM used is a foundry-microfabricated device that is attractive for optical phase modulation applications primarily because of its inherent low cost and low drive voltages. The MEM-DM shapes the beam based on the results of a modified Fienup and Roggemann/Lee phase retrieval algorithm implemented within the system. The optical bench setup and the experimental results for BS3 are presented. Measured experimental data show good agreement with model simulations. A comparison between analog MEM-DMs and a digitally controlled MEM-DM is presented. Overall, experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the phase retrieval algorithm and a single phase control device in solving optics problems normally solved through traditional techniques and multiple devices. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)02310-2]. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2763 EP 2774 DI 10.1117/1.1308926 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 365MA UT WOS:000089954000023 ER PT J AU Guha, S AF Guha, S TI Focusing by small-f-number lenses in the presence of aberrations SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A method of finding the three-dimensional distribution of light in the focal region of small-f-number lenses that have arbitrary surface curvatures is described. The Fresnel approximation is not used, and the effects of aberration are included. A comparison of the numerical results with experimental measurements for a commercially obtained piano-convex lens is provided. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate MLPJ, 3005 P St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 19 BP 1409 EP 1411 DI 10.1364/OL.25.001409 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 356HT UT WOS:000089438400001 PM 18066231 ER PT J AU Rainey, KE DiGeronimo, RJ Pascual-Baralt, J AF Rainey, KE DiGeronimo, RJ Pascual-Baralt, J TI Successful long-term peritoneal dialysis in a very low birth weight infant with renal failure secondary to feto-fetal transfusion syndrome SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MDW 59, MMNP,Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP DiGeronimo, RJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MDW 59, MMNP,Lackland AFB, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2000 VL 106 IS 4 BP 849 EP 852 DI 10.1542/peds.106.4.849 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 359QG UT WOS:000089623100050 PM 11015534 ER PT J AU Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A AF Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A TI Electric field and plasma emission responses in a low pressure positive column discharge exposed to a low Mach number shock wave SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION AB Low Mach number shock waves propagating through a low pressure, nonequilibrium positive column gas discharge have been observed to experience dispersion and velocity changes. It is shown that these effects depend on discharge polarity. Optical and electrical measurements are described which show further polarity-dependent effects in discharge light emission and changes in electrical properties. Using two types of probes, electrical measurements were made of both the global changes in discharge voltage and current and time resolved local electric field changes. The measured behaviors of discharge and shock wave point to very localized triple or quadruple layer electric sheaths connected with the propagating shock wave, which provide local enhanced ionization at the shock front which can sustain the discharge, at least during the short shock propagation time. The postulated density gradient driven large local recirculation current in the potential minimum near this sheath [H. S. Maciel and J. E. Allen, J. Plasma Phys. 42, 321 (1989)] at the shock front will result in large local Joule heating, causing the shock dispersion and shock speed increase, which have been observed in many experiments. Thus, the conclusion is that the effects are due to highly localized gas heating which is facilitated by the response of the positive column plasma to the acoustic shock. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)02509-X]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bletzinger, P (reprint author), ISSI, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2000 VL 7 IS 10 BP 4341 EP 4346 DI 10.1063/1.1287218 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 353QX UT WOS:000089287900059 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Stribeck, N Fossey, SA Eby, RK Adams, WW AF Putthanarat, S Stribeck, N Fossey, SA Eby, RK Adams, WW TI Investigation of the nanofibrils of silk fibers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE silk; nanofibrils; atomic force microscopy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BETA-SHEETS; DRAGLINE SILK; CRYSTAL SIZE; BOMBYX-MORI; SPIDER SILK; PROTEINS; PACKING; ENERGETICS; MODEL AB Silk from 3-molted, 4-molted and sex-limited Bombyx mori, Antheraea pernyi and Antheraea yamamai have been investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy and Low Voltage High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy. Nanofibrils, bundles of nanofibrils, helical features and a layered structure with a cross angle between nanofibrils in different layers were observed fur all silks. Similar log-normal distributions of fibril widths were obtained from all silks with the geometric mean fibril widths covering the range of 90-170 nm. There is no correlation of the fibril width with the fiber size from different types of silkworm. Similar normal distributions of cross angles were observed in 30% of the images with the arithmetic means covering the range of 30-50 degrees. There is an apparent correlation of cross angle with fiber size. The larger fibers for which the crystals are primarily alanine exhibit a greater average cross angle, 46 degrees, than do those of the smaller fibers for which the crystals are primarily alanine and glycine, 36 degrees. Initial wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements on a single fiber of A. pernyi are consistent with the fraction of fibrils at different cross angles being 28%, A simplified computer calculation method and molecular modeling were used in a search for packing angles which minimize the interaction energy of packing between beta sheets. Initial results revealed no definitive evidence of epitaxy to account for the cross angles. It is proposed that a multifibrillar fiber offers a number of mechanical advantages over a solid fiber with the same cross sectional area. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Tech & Makromol Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,ML,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Putthanarat, S (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 57 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7735 EP 7747 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00036-7 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 332GA UT WOS:000088064800017 ER PT J AU Castro, R Barlow-Walden, L Woodson, T Kerecman, JD Zhang, GH Martinez, JR AF Castro, R Barlow-Walden, L Woodson, T Kerecman, JD Zhang, GH Martinez, JR TI Ion transport in an immortalized rat submandibular cell line SMG-C6 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL NA+ CHANNEL; TRACHEAL EPITHELIUM; SALIVARY-GLAND; G-PROTEIN; AMILORIDE; EXPRESSION; DUCT; ABSORPTION; SECRETION; CULTURE AB The immortalized rat submandibular epithelial cell line, SMG-C6, cultured on porous tissue culture supports, forms polarized, tight-junction epithelia facilitating bioelectric characterization in Ussing chambers. The SMG-C6 epithelia generated transepithelial resistances of 956+/-84 Ohm.cm(2) and potential differences (PD) of -16.9+/-1.5mV (apical surface negative) with a basal short-circuit current (I-SC) of 23.9 +/- 1.7 mu A/cm(2) (n = 69), P2 nucleotide receptor agonists, ATP or UTP, applied apically or basolaterally induced a transient increase in I,,, followed by a sustained decreased below baseline value, The peak Delta/(SC) increase was partly sensitive to CI- and K+ channel inhibitors, DPC, glibenclamide, and tetraethylammonium (TEA) and was completely abolished following Ca2+ chelation with BAPTA or bilateral substitution of gluconate for CI-. The major component of basal I-SC was sensitive to apical Na+ replacement or amiloride (half-maximal inhibitory concentration 392 nM), Following pretreatment with amiloride, ATP induced a significantly greater I-SC; however, the poststimulatory decline was abolished, suggesting an ATP-induced inhibition of amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport. Consistent with the ion transport properties found in Ussing chambers, SMG-C6 cells express the rat epithelial Na+ channel alpha-subunit (alpha-rENaC). Thus, cultured SMG-C6 cells produce tight polarized epithelia on permeable support with stimulated CI- secretory conductance and an inward I-SC accounted for by amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Castro, R (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 225 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1373.2000.22505.x PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 359AV UT WOS:000089590100005 PM 10998197 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Medynski, MA Feller, JF Lawhorn, KW AF Sanders, TG Medynski, MA Feller, JF Lawhorn, KW TI Bone contusion patterns of the knee at MR imaging: Footprint of the mechanism of injury SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE knee, ligaments, menisci, and cartilage; knee, MR; ligaments, injuries; ligaments, MR ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; PATELLAR DISLOCATION; TIBIAL PLATEAU; GRADE-I; DIAGNOSIS; TEARS; SIGN; ABNORMALITIES; PREVALENCE AB Bone marrow contusions are frequently identified at magnetic resonance imaging after an injury to the musculoskeletal system. These osseous injuries may result from a direct blow to the bone, from compressive forces of adjacent bones impacting one another, or from traction forces that occur during an avulsion injury. The distribution of bone marrow edema is like a footprint left behind at injury, providing valuable clues to the associated soft-tissue injuries. Five contusion patterns with associated soft-tissue injuries occur in the knee: pivot shift injury, dashboard injury, hyperextension injury, clip injury, and lateral patellar dislocation. The classic bone marrow edema pattern seen following the pivot shift injury involves the posterolateral tibial plateau and the midportion of the lateral femoral condyle. Edema occurs in the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia following the dashboard injury. Hyperextension results in the "kissing" contusion pattern involving the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia and distal femur. The clip injury results in a prominent area of edema involving the lateral femoral condyle and a smaller area of edema involving the medial femoral condyle. Finally, lateral patellar dislocation results in edema involving the inferomedial. patella and anterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. In many instances, the mechanism of injury can be determined by studying the distribution of bone marrow edema, which then enables one to predict with accuracy the specific soft-tissue abnormalities that are likely to be present. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS, MTRD, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Desert Med Imaging, Indian Wells, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. David Grand USAF, Ctr Med, Dept Orthoped, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS, MTRD, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1,759th, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 36 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD OCT PY 2000 VL 20 SI SI BP S135 EP S151 PG 17 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 481GW UT WOS:000171512400011 PM 11046168 ER PT J AU Fiedler, CJ Wagner, JW Henseler, KE AF Fiedler, CJ Wagner, JW Henseler, KE TI Separation of thermal wave induced displacements and thermoreflectance variations using a rotated beamsplitter cube interferometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A rotated beamsplitter cube interferometer has been developed which can measure both the change in reflectivity and the displacement of nontransparent thin films caused by thermal waves. Thermal waves are used to characterize material properties, especially those of thin films, by monitoring the heat propagation in a specimen. Thermal waves cause both a change in the reflectivity of the specimen and a displacement of the specimen surface. By varying the phase difference between the reference and signal arms of an interferometer, a method for detecting and separating the contributions of each of these effects has been developed. This enables the determination of the thermal expansion coefficient of the thin film independent of substrate properties. Data demonstrating the application of this technique on Cu and TiN thin films are presented. [S0034-6748(00)01510-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & Nondestruct Evaluat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Fiedler, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & Nondestruct Evaluat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 3853 EP 3859 DI 10.1063/1.1289677 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 358JG UT WOS:000089554500041 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Gale, DG AF Ruden, EL Gale, DG TI Explosively driven fast closing blast shutter SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TIME AB The Air Force Research Laboratory's Directed Energy Directorate has developed a fast closing shutter for the purpose of explosive debris mitigation. The shutter forms a high vaccum seal in 15 mu s by the plastic deformation and pinching off of an 8 mm inside diameter profiled cartridge brass tube by two explosively propelled Ti slugs impacting from opposite directions. Two explosive detonators, the tube itself, and steel disks which back the Ti slugs are the only sacrificial parts. Design and performance details, the developmental history, scaling issues, and advantages over other shutter designs are discussed. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(00)01210-7]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEHP, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 3959 EP 3961 DI 10.1063/1.1289674 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 358JG UT WOS:000089554500061 ER PT J AU More, D O'Brien, K Walter, E AF More, D O'Brien, K Walter, E TI Utility of an HIV-1 RNA assay in the diagnosis of acute retroviral syndrome SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; VIRUS; PLASMA; RECOMMENDATIONS; BURDEN; TRIAL AB Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) begun during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can preserve immune function and may alter the long-term clinical course of HIV-1 infection. To diagnose primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) early, when screening serologies may yield negative or indeterminate results, the Department of Health and Human Services recommends the use of an HIV-1 RNA assay for at-risk patients suspected of having acute retroviral syndrome (ARS). Because of the RNA assay's 1.9% to 3.0% false-positive rate, results must be carefully interpreted and compared to HIV-1 viral load levels seen during proven HIV-1 seroconversion. We report the case of a sexually active woman with symptoms suggestive of ARS who had a false-positive HIV-1 RNA assay result. We discuss use and interpretation of the HIV-1 RNA assay in diagnosing PHI. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP More, D (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1004 EP 1006 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 368PZ UT WOS:000090127800011 PM 11147463 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Dynamic flexibility training SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE flexibility; training; warm-up C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 22 IS 5 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1519/00126548-200010000-00010 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 361DR UT WOS:000089707800010 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Working with coaches SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 22 IS 5 BP 45 EP 46 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 361DR UT WOS:000089707800012 ER PT J AU Terino, J AF Terino, J TI Helicopters before helicopters. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Sch Adv Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Terino, J (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 BP 846 EP 847 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 372PL UT WOS:000165242300046 ER PT J AU Ellrod, GP Nelson, JP Witiw, MR Bottos, L Roeder, WP AF Ellrod, GP Nelson, JP Witiw, MR Bottos, L Roeder, WP TI Experimental GOES Sounder products for the assessment of downburst potential SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MICROBURST ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; SOUNDINGS; DRIVEN; MODEL AB Several experimental products derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder retrievals (vertical profiles of temperature and moisture) have been developed to assist weather forecasters in assessing the potential for convective downbursts. The product suite currently includes the wind index (WINDEX), a dry microburst index, and the maximum difference in equivalent potential temperature (theta (e)) from the surface to 300 hPa. The products are displayed as color-coded boxes or numerical values, superimposed on GOES visible, infrared, or water vapor imagery, and are available hourly, day and night, via the Internet. After two Full summers of evaluation, the products have been shown to be useful in the assessment of atmospheric conditions that may lead to strong, gusty surface winds from thunderstorms. Two case studies are presented: 1) a severe downburst storm in southern Arizona that produced historic surface wind speeds and damage, and 2) multiple dry and wet downbursts in western Kansas that resulted in minor damage. Verification involved comparing the parameters with radiosonde data, numerical model first guess data, or surface wind reports from airports, mesonetworks, or storm spotters. Mean absolute WINDEX from the GOES retrievals differed from the mean surface wind gust reports by <2 kt (1 m s(-1)) for 82 events, but underestimated wind gusts for 7 nighttime events by 22 kt (11 In s-1). GOES WINDEX was also slightly better than that derived from the concurrent National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Era Model first guess. There are plans to incorporate these downburst parameters into a future upgrade of the National Weather Service's Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System, with the option to derive them from either GOES Sounder data, radiosondes, or numerical model forecast data. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. 45th Weather Squadron, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Ellrod, GP (reprint author), NOAA, WWBG, ERA2,Room 601,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 15 IS 5 BP 527 EP 542 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0527:EGSPFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 369FW UT WOS:000165056100003 ER PT J AU Jata, KV Semiatin, SL AF Jata, KV Semiatin, SL TI Continuous dynamic recrystallization during friction stir welding of high strength aluminum alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE recovery and recrystallization; microstructure; texture; welding C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jata, KV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 10 TC 411 Z9 434 U1 19 U2 120 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 29 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 8 BP 743 EP 749 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00480-2 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 362MD UT WOS:000089781000009 ER PT J AU Tomme, EB Law, DA Annaratone, BM Allen, JE AF Tomme, EB Law, DA Annaratone, BM Allen, JE TI Parabolic plasma sheath potentials and their implications for the charge on levitated dust particles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RF-DISCHARGES; SOLAR-SYSTEM; COULOMB; COLLISIONS; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS AB Analysis of several numerical plasma sheath models, as well as data from several previously reported experiments, is shown to indicate that the sheath potential function may often be very closely approximated with a parabola. We also demonstrate that once this potential function is suitably determined the charge on isolated dust particles levitated in the plasma sheath may be calculated directly from their equilibrium heights. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tomme, EB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. NR 32 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2518 EP 2521 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2518 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 355NV UT WOS:000089392500027 ER PT J AU Makela, JJ Gonzalez, SA MacPherson, B Pi, XQ Kelley, MC Sultan, PJ AF Makela, JJ Gonzalez, SA MacPherson, B Pi, XQ Kelley, MC Sultan, PJ TI Intercomparisons of total electron content measurements using the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar and GPS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERE; NETWORK AB We compare total electron content measurements made using the Arecibo Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) with those made using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The ISR measurements have a limited range for these observations, up to 1500 km. We extend these profiles to GPS heights of 20,200 km with the aid of a numerical model. We use a GPS receiver on St. Croix, which has been calibrated using JPL's Global Ionospheric Mapping (GIM) technique. In addition, we also use the ISR to calibrate GPS measurements made at Isabela, PR and see how the calibration holds up on the next day. The GIM technique gives very good results on both a quiet night and a night with a severe ionospheric depletion. Normalizing the Isabela receiver to the ISR also gives good results and shows promise as a way to independently calibrate nearby GPS receivers in the future. Finally, we give evidence that the severe depletion observed by the ISR on the night of June 25/26, 1998 was associated with an elongated TEC depletion. The structure may be related to a disturbance originating in the southern hemisphere. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Makela, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011 OI Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 18 BP 2841 EP 2844 DI 10.1029/2000GL000023 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 355MX UT WOS:000089390400005 ER PT J AU Mishin, E Carlson, HC Hagfors, T AF Mishin, E Carlson, HC Hagfors, T TI On the electron distribution function in the F region and airglow enhancements during HF modification experiments SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEATING EXPERIMENTS AB The variation with height and plasma frequency of the distribution function of ambient electrons (EDF) in the F region ionosphere during high-power, HF radio wave modification experiments is discussed. It is shown that the deviation of the EDF from a Maxwellian distribution (MD) in the high energy, >2 eV, range may be quite significant (decreasing by a factor of 2 to 5) depending on the background parameters. As a result, the cooling and excitation rates are reduced with respect to a MD calculation. This, for example, can improve agreement of the model based on excitation by heated thermal electrons with the observations of 630.0 nm airglow during HF modification experiments. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, ASG, Westford, MA 01886 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFOSR, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Lindau, Germany. RP Mishin, E (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, ASG, Westford, MA 01886 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 18 BP 2857 EP 2860 DI 10.1029/2000GL000075 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 355MX UT WOS:000089390400009 ER PT J AU Sherriff, RE Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Hoelscher, JE Collins, TC Cantwell, G Harsch, WC AF Sherriff, RE Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Hoelscher, JE Collins, TC Cantwell, G Harsch, WC TI Photoluminescence measurements from the two polar faces of ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITON AB The crystal structure of ZnO is wurtzite and the stacking sequence of atomic layers along the "c" axis is not symmetric. As a result, a ZnO crystal surface that is normal to the c axis exposes one of two distinct polar faces, with (000 (1) over bar) being considered the O face and (0001) the Zn face. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements on the two faces reveal a striking difference. Two transitions are observed in PL that are dominant from the O face and barely observed in PL from the Zn face. These lines are identified as phonon replicas of a particular D-0,X transition using energy separations, excitation dependence, and time-resolved PL measurements. In addition, PL emission from free excitons is found to be more intense from the O face than from the Zn face. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02018-1]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Eagle Picher Ind Inc, Miami, OK 74354 USA. RP Sherriff, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 6 BP 3454 EP 3457 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)02018-1] DI 10.1063/1.1288159 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349GB UT WOS:000089034700047 ER PT J AU Erneux, T Rogister, F Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Erneux, T Rogister, F Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Bifurcation to mixed external cavity mode solutions for semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIODES; OSCILLATIONS; STABILITY; LIMIT; CHAOS AB The Lang and Kobayashi equations modeling a semiconductor laser subject to optical feedback admit time-periodic solutions which are combinations of two distinct external cavity modes. We construct these solutions analytically and show that they emerge and disappear at two distinct Hopf bifurcation points. These mixed external cavity mode solutions exhibit interesting high frequency time-periodic intensities. Furthermore, they undergo a secondary bifurcation to quasiperiodic oscillations which we investigate numerically. Our analysis complements earlier investigations by Tager and Peterman (IEEE J. of Quant. Electron. 30 (1994) 1553) and provide a first explanation of recent experimental observations for a diode laser subject to two optical feedbacks. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Erneux, T (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Campus Plaine,CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RI Rogister, Fabien/A-6717-2009 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 183 IS 5-6 BP 467 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00899-3 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 355KK UT WOS:000089384700016 ER PT J AU Sun, G Friedman, L Soref, RA AF Sun, G Friedman, L Soref, RA TI Light-hole to heavy-hole acoustic phonon scattering rate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; RELAXATION; ELECTRONS; WIRE; GAAS AB A superlattice consisting of periods of 90 Angstrom Si0.7Ge0.3 quantum wells and 50 Angstrom Si barriers on a (100) Si0.81Ge0.19 buffer is investigated for the purpose of designing Si-based terahertz intersubband lasers using the feature of inverted light-hole effective mass. It has been shown that the energy subband dispersion curve of this structure demonstrates a region of inverted light-hole effective mass. Since the energy separation between the two lowest subbands that are also of different type is below the optical phonon energy, acoustic phonon scattering is an important nonradiative process and is therefore studied. Our result indicates that the intersubband phonon scattering process is much weaker between different types of subband. For the particular structure of interest, this scattering rate is about 0.5/ns, corresponding to an intersubband lifetime of 2 ns, which is much longer than the typical lifetime of 1 ps when it is between subbands of the same kind. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 12 BP 8114 EP 8119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.8114 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 359CF UT WOS:000089593400066 ER PT J AU Collins, MP Mendell, JR Periquet, MI Sahenk, Z Amato, AA Gronseth, GS Barohn, RJ Jackson, CE Kissel, JT AF Collins, MP Mendell, JR Periquet, MI Sahenk, Z Amato, AA Gronseth, GS Barohn, RJ Jackson, CE Kissel, JT TI Superficial peroneal nerve/peroneus brevis muscle biopsy in vasculitic neuropathy SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHURG-STRAUSS-SYNDROME; SURAL NERVE BIOPSY; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA; POLYNEUROPATHY; ISCHEMIA; VESSELS; DISEASE AB Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of superficial peroneal nerve (SPN)/peroneus brevis muscle (PBM) biopsy in a cohort of patients with suspected peripheral nerve vasculitis. Background: In patients with suspected vasculitic neuropathy, combined nerve and muscle biopsies have been advocated as a way to increase the diagnostic yield, but the sensitivity and specificity of this approach have not been evaluated. Pathologic predictors of biopsy-proven peripheral nerve vasculitis have also not been analyzed in a systematic fashion. Methods: The clinical, laboratory, and pathologic data for all patients undergoing SPN/PBM biopsy for possible vasculitis from 1986 through 1996 were analyzed. Biopsies were classified as positive, negative, or suspicious for vasculitis. Patients were then divided into vasculitis and nonvasculitis cohorts by final clinical diagnosis. Results: Of 70 SPN/PBM biopsies, 22 (30%) showed definite vasculitis; nerve was diagnostic in 90% (n = 20) and muscle in 50% (n = 11). Nerve biopsy had a higher yield than muscle in patients with nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy (p = 0.0047) but not in those with systemic vasculitis. The estimated sensitivity of a positive SPN/PBM biopsy for vasculitis was 60%. Considering biopsies either positive or suspicious for vasculitis increased the sensitivity to 86% with a corresponding specificity of 85%. Pathologic features associated with necrotizing vasculitis were muscle fiber necrosis/regeneration (relative risk 18.1; 95% CI 3.4 to 96.1), predominant axonal nerve pathology (>8.8; >1.0 to 77.4), Wallerian-like degeneration (5.6; 1.4 to 21.9), and asymmetric nerve fiber loss (4.6; 1.4 to 15.9). Conclusions: These findings establish the yield, sensitivity, and specificity of SPN/PBM biopsy for diagnosing vasculitic neuropathy and validate the use of suggestive pathologic features for diagnosing cases lacking definite necrotizing vascular changes. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RP Collins, MP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, 4th Floor,Means Hall,1654 Upham Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 36 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD SEP 12 PY 2000 VL 55 IS 5 BP 636 EP 643 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 357EC UT WOS:000089484700008 PM 10980725 ER PT J AU Mohseni, H Tahraoui, A Wojkowski, J Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC Park, YS AF Mohseni, H Tahraoui, A Wojkowski, J Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC Park, YS TI Very long wavelength infrared type-II detectors operating at 80 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; GASB; PHOTODIODES; GROWTH AB We report a demonstration of very long wavelength infrared detectors based on InAs/GaSb superlattices operating at T=80 K. Detector structures with excellent material quality were grown on an optimized GaSb buffer layer on GaAs semi-insulating substrates. Photoconductive devices with 50% cutoff wavelength of lambda(c)=17 mu m showed a peak responsivity of about 100 mA/W at T=80 K. Devices with 50% cutoff wavelengths up to lambda(c)=22 mu m were demonstrated at this temperature. Good uniformity was obtained over large areas even for the devices with very long cutoff wavelengths. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00637-9]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mohseni, H (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 14 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1572 EP 1574 DI 10.1063/1.1308528 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 351QY UT WOS:000089170700002 ER PT J AU Duan, X Dudis, DS Nagvekar, DS Sankaran, B Tan, LS AF Duan, X Dudis, DS Nagvekar, DS Sankaran, B Tan, LS TI Reduction processes of aromatic-bis(squarate)s SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV 05-06, 1999 CL VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI DE aromatic-bis(squarate)s; pi-conjugation; reduction; squaraine dyes; DFT; conducting polymers ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION FORMALISM; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CONTINUUM; POLYSQUARAINES; HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULES; SOLVENT; STATES AB Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to investigate the geometries and electronic structures for six aromatic-bis(squarate) model compounds and their dianions as well as their reduction products in four different configurations. The single point energies were calculated for all the reactants and products at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. In addition, the vibrational frequencies of all the species were calculated from which thermodynamic properties were evaluated. The integral equation formalism for the polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM) was employed to obtain the solvation energies for the model compounds and their dianions. The electrode potentials for the two-electron reductions of the model compounds were studied and compared with experimental measurements. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & MFg Directorate, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dudis, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & MFg Directorate, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD SEP 8 PY 2000 VL 529 SI SI BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(00)00543-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 358EE UT WOS:000089543600021 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, W TI Model attitude determination in wind tunnel with a luminescent paint data system SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE PAINT AB The question is addressed how registration targets in luminescent paint images can be used to determine model position and attitude (P&A) of the test article in a wind-tunnel test. The theory fur such P&A determinations is developed and applied to data from a pressure-sensitive paint test in Arnold Engineering Development Center's 16-ft Transonic Wind Tunnel. it is shown that the camera system is capable of resolving pitch and yaw angles to within 0.005 deg rms. However, systematic differences as large as +/-0.05 deg are found between the camera-based angles and angles determined from a sting-mounted balance. By analyzing the motion of the cameras relative to the tunnel walls, the observed discrepancies may be explained by rotation of the cameras relative to the test article. In some cases, these rotations are clearly correlated to operating conditions of the. tunnel. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, Instrumentat & Diagnost Branch, AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ruyten, W (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, Instrumentat & Diagnost Branch, AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1692 EP 1697 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 350AE UT WOS:000089077400025 ER PT J AU Kimmel, RL Poggie, J AF Kimmel, RL Poggie, J TI Effect of total temperature on boundary-layer stability at Mach 6 SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut C1 USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kimmel, RL (reprint author), USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1754 EP 1755 DI 10.2514/2.1164 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 350AE UT WOS:000089077400033 ER PT J AU Lange, JT Lange, CL Cabaltica, RBG AF Lange, JT Lange, CL Cabaltica, RBG TI Primary care treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; PTSD AB Post-traumatic stress disorder, a psychiatric disorder, arises following exposure to perceived life-threatening trauma. Its symptoms can mimic those of anxiety or depressive disorders, but with appropriate screening, the diagnosis is easily made. Current treatment strategies combine patient education; pharmacologic interventions, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, trazodone and clonidine; and psychotherapy. As soon after the trauma as possible, techniques to prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as structured stress debriefings, should be administered. A high index of suspicion for post-traumatic stress disorder is needed in patients with a history of significant trauma. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Lange, JT (reprint author), Mental Hlth Clin, 89th MDG, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1040 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 353NP UT WOS:000089282600008 PM 10997529 ER PT J AU Majcen, S Haaland, RK Dudley, SC AF Majcen, S Haaland, RK Dudley, SC TI The Poynting vector and power in a simple circuit SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-CHARGES AB This paper outlines a simple technique for visualizing the flow of energy from a power supply to elements in a circuit as a flow through the electric and magnetic fields-or the Poynting vector-surrounding the circuit. In addition to providing the reader experience with the Poynting vector and its relation to energy flow and power, we also present a quick method for solving Laplace's equation in two dimensions. (C) 2000 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Majcen, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 68 IS 9 BP 857 EP 859 DI 10.1119/1.1302733 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 347HL UT WOS:000088922400022 ER PT J AU Barker, JR AF Barker, JR TI The therapeutic corporation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Barker, JR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Barker, James/A-1448-2008 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9602 J9 AM J SOCIOL JI Am. J. Sociol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 106 IS 2 BP 531 EP 533 DI 10.1086/316981 PG 3 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 391TA UT WOS:000166370200021 ER PT J AU Greenberg, PB Jeffrey, JG AF Greenberg, PB Jeffrey, JG TI Sarcoidosis presenting with facial palsy and uveitis SO ANNALS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Scientific Assembly of the Southern Medical Association CY NOV 06-09, 1997 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP So Med Assoc AB A 43-year-old woman presented with peripheral facial palsy and bilateral anterior uveitis. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established by an elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level, hilar adenopathy on chest x-ray film, restrictive ventilatory impairment on pulmonary function testing, and a transbronchial biopsy specimen showing noncaseating epithelioid granulomas with Langhans giant cells. A complete ophthalmic examination is important in patients with peripheral facial palsies to search for signs of systemic disease. C1 SGOSE, Med Grp 6, MacDill AFB, FL 33621 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Tampa, FL USA. RP Greenberg, PB (reprint author), SGOSE, Med Grp 6, MacDill AFB, FL 33621 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CONTEMPORARY OPHTHALMOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 820 N ORLEANS, STE 208, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1079-4794 J9 ANN OPHTHALMOL JI Ann. Ophthalmol. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 204 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s12009-000-0055-9 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 362TE UT WOS:000089793700010 ER PT J AU MaWhinney, S Brown, ER Malcolm, J VillaNueva, C Groves, BM Quaife, RA Lindenfeld, J Warner, BA Hammermeister, KE Grover, FL Shroyer, ALW AF MaWhinney, S Brown, ER Malcolm, J VillaNueva, C Groves, BM Quaife, RA Lindenfeld, J Warner, BA Hammermeister, KE Grover, FL Shroyer, ALW TI Identification of risk factors for increased cost, charges, and length of stay for cardiac patients SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SEVERITY; QUALITY; SURGERY; ILLNESS; HEALTH; MODEL AB Background. In this study we explored different risk model options to provide clinicians with predictions for resource utilization. The hypotheses were that predictors of mortality are not predictive of resource consumption, and that there is a correlation between cost estimates derived using a cost-to-charge ratio or a product-line costing approach. Methods. From March 1992 to June 1995, 2,481 University of Colorado Hospital patients admitted for ischemic heart disease were classified by diagnosis-related group code as having undergone or experienced coronary bypass procedures (CBP), percutaneous cardiovascular procedures (PCVP), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and other cardiac-related discharges (Other). For each diagnosis-related group, Cox proportional hazards models were developed to determine predictors of cost, charges, and length of stay. Results. The diagnosis groups differed in the clinical factors that predicted resource use. As the two costing methods were highly correlated either approach may be used to assess relative resource consumption provided costs are reconciled to audited financial statements. Conclusions. To develop valid prediction models for costs of care, the clinical risk factors that are traditionally used to predict risk-adjusted mortality may need to be expanded. (Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:702-10) (C) 2000 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Denver, CO 80262 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Math, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Shroyer, ALW (reprint author), Denver VA Med Ctr, Div Cardiac Res, 1035 Clermont St 151R, Denver, CO 80220 USA. RI Brown, Elizabeth/A-8984-2008; Shroyer, Annie Laurie/B-8836-2016 OI Shroyer, Annie Laurie/0000-0001-6461-0623 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 70 IS 3 BP 702 EP 710 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01510-1 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 356MQ UT WOS:000089447400003 PM 11016297 ER PT J AU Gal, TJ Munoz-Antonia, T Muro-Cacho, CA Klotch, DW AF Gal, TJ Munoz-Antonia, T Muro-Cacho, CA Klotch, DW TI Radiation effects on osteoblasts in vitro - A potential role in osteoradionecrosis SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; BONE; RADIOSENSITIVITY; HEAD; NECK; INVITRO; CULTURE; IRRADIATION; EXPRESSION AB Objective: To evaluate the factors involved in bone remodeling and wound healing that may be altered by radiation therapy. Design: A prospective, controlled study of biochemical activity in vitro. Subjects: MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts. Interventions: Cells were irradiated at 0, 2, 4, or 6 Gy. Specimens were harvested at 1, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days following irradiation for immunohistochemical analysis of transforming growth factor beta(1) expression and transforming growth factor beta(1) type I and II receptor expression. Collagen production was measured at 1, 7, 28, 35, and 49 days after irradiation. The effects of dexamethasone on collagen production and cell proliferation were also examined. Results: Irradiated cells demonstrated decreased cell proliferation and a dose-dependent, sustained reduction in collagen production when compared with control cells. An increase in transforming growth factor beta(1) type I and II receptor expression was noted in irradiated cells when compared with controls. Conclusion: Radiation-induced alterations of factors related to bone remodeling and wound healing have a potential role in the pathogenesis of osteoradionecrosis. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Gal, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Div Otolaryngol, Med Operat Squadron 74, SGOSL,Med Corp, 4881 Sugar Maple, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 9 BP 1124 EP 1128 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 352QD UT WOS:000089228600011 PM 10979127 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR AF Carretta, TR TI US Air Force pilot selection and training methods SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE pilot selection; pilot training; US Air Force ID OFFICER QUALIFYING TEST; VALIDITY AB Background: U.S. Air Force (USAF) pilot selection and training procedures have changed substantially in the last several years. Pilot selection procedures were augmented with the introduction of computer-based testing to assess pilot aptitude. Training procedures have changed in an effort to modernize the training fleet and provide better, more specialized training earlier in the training process. Results: Despite several studies showing the utility of USAF pilot aptitude tests for pre dieting training performance, results of a recent policy capturing study suggest that this information is often ignored by pilot candidate selection boards. The two largest sources of USAF pilot trainees relied heavily on measures of officership when making selection decisions. Cumulative research findings suggest that USAF pilot selection decisions could be improved by making better use of currently available personnel attribute data. Further improvements could be expected from the addition of a structured selection interview and measures of personality. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Crew Syst Dev Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Crew Syst Dev Branch, Area B,Bldg 146,Room 122, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 71 IS 9 BP 950 EP 956 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 349RC UT WOS:000089058500013 PM 11001351 ER PT J AU Lu, ST Mathur, SP Stuck, B Zwick, H D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Merritt, JH Lutty, G McLeod, DS Johnson, M AF Lu, ST Mathur, SP Stuck, B Zwick, H D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Merritt, JH Lutty, G McLeod, DS Johnson, M TI Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the rhesus monkey SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE electroretinogram; retinal angiogram; fundus photograph; retinal histopathology ID SODIUM IODATE INJECTION; INDUCED CATARACT; PRIMATE EYE; B-WAVE; ELECTRORETINOGRAM; LUMINANCE; ISCHEMIA; EXPOSURE; INVITRO; RABBIT AB We studied the retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure fundus photographs, retinal angiograms, and electroretinograms (ERG) were obtained to screen for normal ocular structure and function and, after exposure, as endpoints of the study. Histopathology of the retina was an additional endpoint. Seventeen monkeys were randomly assigned to receive sham exposure or pulsed microwave exposures. Microwaves were delivered anteriorly to the face at 0, 4.3, 8.4, or 20.2 W/kg spatially and temporally averaged retinal specific absorption rates (R-SAR). The pulse characteristics were 1.04MW (approximate to 1.30 MW/kg temporal peak R-SAR), 5.59 mu s pulse length at 0, 0.59, 1.18, and 2.79 Hz pulse repetition rates. Exposure was 4 h per day and 3 days per week for 3 weeks, for a total of nine exposures. The preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. The response of cone photoreceptors to light flash was enhanced in monkeys exposed at 8.4 or 20.2 W/kg R-SAR, but not in monkeys exposed at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Scotopic (rod) response, maximum (combined cone and rod) response, and Naka-Rushton R-max and log K of scotopic b-waves were all within normal range. Retinal histopathology revealed the presence of enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors among sham (2/5), 8.4 W/kg (3/3), and 20.2 W/kg (2/5) exposed monkeys, while enhanced glycogen storage was not observed in the 4.3 W/kg (0/4) exposed group. Supranormal cone photoreceptor b-wave was R-SAR dependent and may be an early indicator of mild injury. However no evidence of degenerative changes and ERG depression was seen. We concluded that retinal injury is very unlikely at 3 W/kg. Functional changes that occur at higher R-SAR are probably reversible since we saw no evidence of histopathologic correlation with ERG changes. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USA, MCMR, McKessonHBOC BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Ctr Eye Care, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lu, ST (reprint author), USA, MCMR, McKessonHBOC BioServ, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2000 VL 21 IS 6 BP 439 EP 454 DI 10.1002/1521-186X(200009)21:6<439::AID-BEM4>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 16 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 348EF UT WOS:000088972000004 PM 10972948 ER PT J AU Walter, EA Gilliam, B Delmar, JA Spooner, K Morris, JT Aronson, N Wegner, SA Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL AF Walter, EA Gilliam, B Delmar, JA Spooner, K Morris, JT Aronson, N Wegner, SA Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL TI Clinical implications of identifying non-B subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 MONITOR TEST; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; PLASMA; RNA; QUANTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE AB Although human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection in the United States has predominantly involved subtype B, increasing global travel is leading to wider dissemination of genetically heterogeneous subtypes, While physicians depend on HIV-1 viral load measurements to guide antiretroviral therapy, commonly used molecular assays may underestimate the viral load of patients with non-B subtypes, Nine patients with non-B subtypes of HIV-1 were identified by physicians who suspected a non-B subtype on the basis of a low or undetectable HIV-I viral load, by the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test, version 1.0, in conjunction with either a declining CD4 cell count or history of travel outside the United States. Use of version 1.5 of the Amplicor HIV-I Monitor test detected a median HIV-1 viral load that was 2.0 log(10) RNA copies/ml higher than was determined with version 1.0, Clinical management was altered in all eases after diagnosis of a non-B-subtype infection. These cases demonstrate that it is critical for physicians to suspect and diagnose non-B subtypes of HIV-1 so that an assay with reliable subtype performance can be used to guide antiretroviral therapy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Walter, EA (reprint author), Dept Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1086/314044 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400026 PM 11017832 ER PT J AU Cummings, GH Natarajan, S Dewitt, CC Gardner, TL Garces, MC AF Cummings, GH Natarajan, S Dewitt, CC Gardner, TL Garces, MC TI Mycobacterium thermoresistible recovered from a cutaneous lesion in an otherwise healthy individual SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Cummings, GH (reprint author), 8238 Shoreway Dr, Fayetteville, NC 28304 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 816 EP 817 DI 10.1086/314020 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400032 PM 11017838 ER PT J AU Roy, AK Donaldson, SL AF Roy, AK Donaldson, SL TI Special issue: Micromechanics and laminate analysis - Foreword SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2183 EP 2184 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00085-3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600001 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Kim, RY Bechel, VT AF Tandon, GP Kim, RY Bechel, VT TI Evaluation of interfacial normal strength in a SCS-0/epoxy composite with cruciform specimens SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID FIBER SCS-6/TI-6AL-4V COMPOSITE; METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; TRANSVERSE RESPONSE; FAILURE MODES; FREE-EDGE; SINGULARITIES; MECHANISMS; CRITERIA AB In this study, the cruciform geometry is utilized to evaluate the interfacial normal strength in unidirectional SCS-0/epoxy composites by using single-fiber specimens. These model specimens are incrementally loaded in tension to failure with a specially built loading device mounted on the straining stage of a microscope. The initiation and location of interfacial debonding is observed in situ by microscopic examination and inspection of photoelastic fringe patterns. The model specimens are also loaded to failure in an MTS machine while strain and acoustic emission activity are continuously monitored. Analytical modeling by the 3-D finite-element method reveals that the radial stress at the interface is the: dominant stress component and remains fairly constant (within 10%) over two-thirds of the central loading region. As a result, interface debonding always occurs in the interior of the sample (region initially free of stress singularities), thus avoiding the influence of free-edge effects on measured debond strengths. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2281 EP 2295 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00020-8 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600009 ER PT J AU McCartney, LN Schoeppner, GA Becker, W AF McCartney, LN Schoeppner, GA Becker, W TI Comparison of models for transverse ply cracks in composite laminates SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA DE composites; transverse cracks; laminates; stress transfer ID STIFFNESS REDUCTION; MATRIX CRACKING; STRESS-FIELDS; STRAIN AB Ply-level transverse cracking often results in the loss of strength and stiffness and changes in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), and it also provides pathways for moisture or other corrosive agents. In stiffness critical structures, the loss of stiffness and/or change in CTE may result in the loss of structural functionality. These matrix-dominated failure modes can lead to delamination and fiber breakage in highly loaded plies and eventually to failure of the laminate. It is vitally important that predictive methods are developed that will be accepted, following thorough validation, by the composites engineering community. This paper is one attempt to achieve sound validation for four different methods of prediction, one of which is finite-element analysis. The three distinct cross-ply laminate models discussed here have been shown to be consistent with each other, and with FEA predictions. Additionally, model predictions for the effective moduli of transversely cracked laminates have been shown to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. The excellent correlation of the model predictions and the agreement with experimental data provides the basis for these models to be seriously considered for use in the development of new design tools and procedures. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Phys Lab, Ctr Mat Measurement & Technol, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Siegen, Inst Mech & Control, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. RP Schoeppner, GA (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Ctr Mat Measurement & Technol, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2347 EP 2359 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00030-0 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600014 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, D Reifsnider, K AF Mollenhauer, D Reifsnider, K TI Measurements of interlaminar deformation along the cylindrical surface of a hole in laminated composite materials by Moire interferometry SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID FREE EDGE STRESSES; ANGLE-PLY; CIRCULAR HOLE; PLATE; DELAMINATION; TENSION AB The deformation along cylindrical surfaces of holes in tensile-loaded laminated composite specimens was measured by means of new moire interferometry techniques. Two composite tensile specimens, fabricated from IM7/5250-4 pre-preg with ply lay-ups of [0(4)/90(4)](3s) and [+30(2)/-30(2)/90(4)](3s), were examined by newly developed moire interferometry techniques. Circumferential and thickness direction displacement fringe patterns, recorded in 3 degrees segments around one quadrant of the hole periphery, were assembled into 90 degrees -wide mosaics for both composite specimens. Distributions of strain were calculated with high confidence on a sub-ply basis at select angular locations. Measured strain behavior was complex and displayed ply-by-ply trends. Large ply-related variations in the circumferential strain were observed at certain angular locations around the periphery of the hole in both composites. Extremely large ply-by-ply variations of the shear strain were also documented in both composites. Residual viscoelastic shearing strains were recorded in regions of large load-induced shearing strains. Large ply-group related variations in the thickness direction strain were observed in the [+30(2)/-30(2)/90(4)](3s) specimen. An important large-scale trend was observed in which the thickness direction strain tended to be more tensile near the outside faces of the laminate than near the mid-ply region. The measured strains were compared with a spline-based three-dimensional numerical technique, resulting in a very close match. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Mollenhauer, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, 2941 P St Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2375 EP 2388 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00033-6 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600017 ER PT J AU Forte, MS Whitney, JM Schoeppner, GA AF Forte, MS Whitney, JM Schoeppner, GA TI The influence of adhesive reinforcement on the Mode-I fracture toughness of a bonded joint SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA DE adhesive; bonding; fracture toughness; double-cantilever beam; aluminum; EA 9396; adhesive reinforcement ID STRESS-FIELDS AB The influence of adhesive reinforcement on the Mode-I fracture toughness of a double-cantilever beam specimen has been investigated. An analytical model based on Reissner's variational theorem, which has previously been shown accurately to predict stress fields and energy release rates for cracked laminates, was used to model the test specimen. A plane-strain model was developed and used to determine the energy release rates for mid-plane cracks in aluminum-adherend bonded specimens with varying amounts of reinforcement in the adhesive. The energy release rates determined from the present model, which was used to determine fracture toughness for specimens in a systematic experimental program, compared favorably to results of closed-form analyses from the literature. The amount of reinforcement in the adhesive layer has been shown to have a significant effect on the Mode-I adhesive fracture toughness and cracking behavior. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Forte, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Bldg 654,2941 P St Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2389 EP 2405 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00034-8 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600018 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Bechel, VT AF Buryachenko, VA Bechel, VT TI A series solution of the volume integral equation for multiple-inclusion interaction problems SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY NOV 30, 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CA DE composites; integral equation method ID COMPOSITES AB A modification of the volume integral equation (VIE) method is proposed for the solution of elastostatic 2-D problems in unbounded solids containing interacting multiple fibers. The efficiency of the VIE method developed by Lee and Mal (Lee, J., Mal, A. A volume integral equation technique for multiple inclusion and crack interaction problems. Journal of Applied Mechanics Transactions of ASME 1997;64:23-31) where a weakly singular integral equation is involved has been improved by the use of a modification in the spirit of a subtraction technique for a single inclusion. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are examined through comparison with results obtained from finite element analysis. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AFRL, MLBC, Struct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Math, Moscow 107884, Russia. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), AFRL, MLBC, Struct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM buryach@aol.com NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2465 EP 2469 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00041-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600024 ER PT J AU Pagano, NJ Yuan, FG AF Pagano, NJ Yuan, FG TI The significance of effective modulus theory (homogenization) in composite laminate mechanics SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA DE micromechanics; homogenization; effective module; laminates ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FREE-EDGE STRESS; MICROMECHANICAL FAILURE MODES; INITIATED TRANSVERSE FAILURE; FIBER COMPOSITES; POLYMER COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; PREDICTION; CRACKING; CRITERIA AB In this work, we consider the issues regarding the homogenization of fiber-reinforced layers in a laminate in the presence of macroscopic (ply-level) stress gradients. This is accomplished by considering a series of (free edge) boundary value problems similar to those treated by Pagano and Rybicki in 1974. Despite our inability to provide such a homogenization theory, if one truly exists, we can devise approaches to predict the fiber/matrix interfacial stresses in an arbitrary cell by applying certain displacements and/or tractions on the cell boundaries. These-boundary conditions are those derived by representing each layer in the laminate by conventional effective modulus theory. It is shown that these approximations can lead to reasonably accurate interfacial stresses and offer great promise as a means of solving practical laminate problems reinforced by fibers of moderate diameter. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pagano, NJ (reprint author), AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 68 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2471 EP 2488 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00042-7 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600025 ER PT J AU Hall, RB AF Hall, RB TI Methods in entropic thermomechanics SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA DE entropy; anelasticity ID PLASTIC SPIN; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; FINITE DEFORMATIONS; CONVEX CONES; THERMODYNAMICS; FOUNDATIONS; SYSTEMS; VISCOPLASTICITY AB Elements of constitutive model formulation for simple materials within a thermodynamic, finite deformation framework are reviewed. Recent developments in addressing the second law and entropy existence are discussed. Caratheodory-based approaches are emphasized for their simplicity and ease of interpretation. An original treatment of finite thermoviscoelasticity is developed in this context. A broadened Caratheodory-based entropy is proposed, and compared to recent work of Casey (Casey J., On elastic-thermo-plastic materials at finite deformations. Int J Plast, 14, 173-91.). Frame indifference, objective rates, and spins are briefly addressed, introducing application of the broadened framework to (cited work in) finite thermoviscoplasticity. Fundamental references are provided. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AFRL, MLBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), AFRL, MLBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 P St Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 112 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2581 EP 2599 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00051-8 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600034 ER PT J AU Kim, RY Crasto, AS Schoeppner, GA AF Kim, RY Crasto, AS Schoeppner, GA TI Dimensional stability of composite in a space thermal environment SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA DE cross-ply; coefficient of thermal expansion; transverse crack; crack density; effective moduli; mechanical-loading; thermal loading AB In this study, strain gages have been used to investigate variations in thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) with damage of two representative aerospace structural materials, AS4/3501-6 and XN-70/RS3. Refinements in the measurement technique allowed the accurate determination of very low CTEs. The longitudinal and transverse CTEs of unidirectional composites were determined over the temperature range -101 degrees to 121 degreesC. From these data, the CTEs of cross-ply laminates were predicted by using classical laminated plate theory and verified experimentally. Specimens of these laminates were then subjected to a series of uniaxial tensile loadings or thermal cycles -101 degreesC to 121 degreesC (-150 degrees to 250 degreesF) to produce cracks within the transverse plies of the laminate. The laminate CTE was measured after increments in the mechanical loading or thermal cycling and the corresponding crack density quantified by microscopic examination of a polished specimen edge. The CTE variation with crack density in the cross-ply laminate was predicted by using a 2-D variational model and an exact 3-D laminate theory. The results indicate that the variation in CTE due to ply cracking in a cross-ply laminate can be quantitatively predicted under mechanical loading as well as thermal cycling. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Kim, RY (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 7 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2601 EP 2608 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00052-X PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600035 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI What's eating you? Pulex irritans SO CUTIS LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), MMID, Serv Dermatol, 59th Med Wing,2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD SEP PY 2000 VL 66 IS 3 BP 175 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 354ZY UT WOS:000089362200003 PM 11006850 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP Perry, WB Putnam, AT Karulf, RE AF Brooks, JP Perry, WB Putnam, AT Karulf, RE TI Thermal imaging in the detection of bowel ischemia SO DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the South Texas Chapter of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY FEB 14-15, 1997 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Coll Surgeons, S Texas Chapter DE thermal imaging; bowel ischemia; mesenteric ischemia; Doppler ultrasound; fluorescein; infrared ID THERMOGRAPHY AB PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to introduce thermal imaging in the intraoperative detection of bowel ischemia by comparing thermal imaging with conventional techniques in detecting acutely ischemic bowel, using histologic evidence for intestinal necrosis as the standard. METHODS: A prospective study was performed using a porcine model. Laparotomy was performed on four pigs under general anesthesia. A 25-cm segment of mid jejunum was tagged with proximal and distal sutures, and its mesentery was ligated and divided. Thermal imaging, visual inspection, Doppler ultrasound, and fluorescence with Wood's lamp after fluorescein were used to estimate the extent of bowel ischemia five minutes after ligation of the mesentery. Measurements were taken in reference to both the proximal and distal tags to obtain two data points per animal for each method. After two hours of warm ischemia, the jejunum was harvested and sectioned longitudinally. Comparisons were made between the estimated region of necrosis for each method and microscopic evidence of necrosis. RESULTS: Visual inspection was the only method unable to detect a difference between vascularized and devascularized bowel for each of the eight data points. Fluorescein dye missed 3 cm of ischemic bowel. Doppler ultrasound and thermal imaging were 100 percent sensitive for necrotic bowel, with thermal imaging overestimating necrosis to a greater extent than Doppler ultrasound. The positive predictive value of fluorescein dye, Doppler ultrasound, and thermal imaging for determining nonviable bowel was 91.8, 80.8, and 69.5 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal imaging has the potential to be a useful adjunct in the intraoperative determination of bowel ischemia. Further studies are indicated to study this technique. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Colorectal Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Brooks, JP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Colorectal Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0012-3706 J9 DIS COLON RECTUM JI Dis. Colon Rectum PD SEP PY 2000 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1319 EP 1321 DI 10.1007/BF02237446 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 355DP UT WOS:000089370700028 PM 11005506 ER PT J AU Childers, JW Witherspoon, CL Smith, LB Pleil, JD AF Childers, JW Witherspoon, CL Smith, LB Pleil, JD TI Real-time and integrated measurement of potential human exposure to particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aircraft exhaust SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE engine exhaust; human exposure; integrated-air samplers; JP-8 fuel; PAH; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; real-time PAH monitors ID AEROSOL PHOTOEMISSION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; AIR; SENSOR AB We used real-time monitors and low-volume air samplers to measure the potential human exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations during various flight-related and ground-support activities of C-130H aircraft at an Air National Guard base. We used three types of photoelectric aerosol sensors (PASs) to measure real-time concentrations of particle-bound PAHs in a break room, downwind from a C-130H aircraft during a four-engine run-up test, in a maintenance hangar, in a C-130H aircraft cargo bay during cargo-drop training, downwind from aerospace ground equipment (AGE), and in a C-130H aircraft cargo bay during engine running on/off (ERO) loading and backup exercises. Two low-volume air samplers were collocated with the real-time monitors for all monitoring events except those in the break room and during in-flight activities, Total PAH concentrations in the integrated-air samples followed a general trend: downwind from two AGE units > ERO-loading exercise > four-engine run-up test > maintenance hangar during taxi and takeoff > background measurements in maintenance hangar. Each PAH profile was dominated by naphthalene, the alkyl-substituted naphthalenes, and other PAHs expected to be in the vapor phase. We also found particle-bound PAHs, such as fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene in some of the sample extracts. During flight-related exercises, total PAH concentrations in the integrated-air samples were 10-25 times higher than those commonly found in ambient air. Real-time monitor mean responses generally followed the integrated-air sample trends. These monitors provided a semiquantitative temporal profile of ambient PAH concentrations and showed that PAH concentrations can fluctuate rapidly front a baseline level < 20 to > 4,000 ng/m(3) during flight-related activities. Small handheld models of the PAS monitors exhibited potential for assessing incidental personal exposure to particle-bound PAHs in engine exhaust and for serving as a real-time dosimeter to indicate when respiratory protection is advisable. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USAF, IERA, RSHI, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Pleil, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-44, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 108 IS 9 BP 853 EP 862 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 360BW UT WOS:000089647400023 PM 11017890 ER PT J AU Tsai, CT Mall, S AF Tsai, CT Mall, S TI Elasto-plastic finite element analysis of fretting stresses in pre-stressed strip in contact with cylindrical pad SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; elasto-plastic finite element analysis; titanium alloy; partial slip; microcracks nucleation; contact stress ID MECHANICS AB An elasto-plastic analysis of fretting stresses in a pre-stressed strip in contact with a cylindrical pad is studied using a finite element solver, ABAQUS, The pad and the strip are made from a titanium alloy. A bilinear elasto-plastic iso tropic hardening model with a von Mises yield surface is employed to characterize the material behavior of the titanium alloy. This model is first verified through comparison with an analytical elastic solution. Various parameters, such as friction coefficient, the normal force applied on the top of the pad, tangential force applied to the left side of the pad, and bulk tension applied on the right edge of the strip, are adopted to study the influences of these parameters on fretting stresses to understand the implication and importance of elasto-plastic analysis in fretting fatigue experiments. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFIT,ENY, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsai, CT (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 171 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0168-874X(00)00016-0 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 335KT UT WOS:000088243200004 ER PT J AU Stoffregen, TA Hettinger, LJ Haas, MW Roe, MM Smart, LJ AF Stoffregen, TA Hettinger, LJ Haas, MW Roe, MM Smart, LJ TI Postural instability and motion sickness in a fixed-base flight simulator SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article AB We evaluated the prediction that postural instability would precede the subjective symptoms of motion sickness in a fixed-base flight simulator: Participants sat in a cockpit in a video projection dome and were exposed to optical flow that oscillated in the roll axis with exposure durations typical of flight simulation. The frequencies of oscillation were those that characterize spontaneous postural sway during stance. Head motion was measured prior to and during exposure to imposed optical flow. Of 14 participants, 6 were classified as motion sick, either during or after exposure to the optical oscillation. Prior to the onset of subjective symptoms, head motion among participants who later became sick was significantly greater than among participants who did not become motion sick. We argue that the results support the postural instability theory of motion sickness. Actual or potential applications include the prevention ol mitigation of motion sickness in virtual environments. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45201 USA. Harvard Univ, Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Stoffregen, TA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, POB 210376, Cincinnati, OH 45201 USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2000 VL 42 IS 3 BP 458 EP 469 DI 10.1518/001872000779698097 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 382ZZ UT WOS:000165858400011 PM 11132807 ER PT J AU Kronz, JD Silberman, MA Allsbrook, WC Bastacky, SI Burks, RT Cina, SJ Mills, SE Ross, JS Sakr, WA Tomaszewski, JE True, LD Ulbright, TM Weinstein, MW Yantiss, RK Young, RH Epstein, JI AF Kronz, JD Silberman, MA Allsbrook, WC Bastacky, SI Burks, RT Cina, SJ Mills, SE Ross, JS Sakr, WA Tomaszewski, JE True, LD Ulbright, TM Weinstein, MW Yantiss, RK Young, RH Epstein, JI TI Pathology residents' use of a Web-based tutorial to improve Gleason grading of prostate carcinoma on needle biopsies SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gleason grading; prostate cancer; needle biopsy; Internet; education AB Little is known about pathology residents' ability to Gleason grade or their ability to learn surgical pathology using Internet-based technology. A free Web-based program (available at www.pathology. jhu.edu/prostate) was developed that consisted of 20 pretutorial images for grading, 24 tutorial images, and the same 20 posttutorial images for Gleason grading. The grading images were selected from cases that had a consensus Gleason grade from 10 uropathology experts. In 2.5 months, 255 residents visited the website, and 151 (59%) completed it. Of those who completed the website, their year in training was known in 85 (56%): 1st year, 25.8%; 2nd year, 20%; 3rd year, 22.3%; 4th year, 14.1%; 5th year, 15.3%; and 6th year, 2.4%. Eighty percent learned Gleason grading in residency versus being self-taught, and 66% were male. In a multivariate analysis, higher pretutorial scores were associated with both their year in training (P = .001) and their hospital size (P = .003). Improvements in grading posttutorial rc ere not related to the residents' year in training. Overall, the website significantly improved grading in 11 of 20 images and had no effect in 9 of 20 images. Improvements were noted in 1 of one Gleason score 4; 2 of 7 Gleason score 5 to 6; 2 of 6 Gleason score 7; and 6 of 6 Gleason score above 7 tumors. In summary, a Web-based tutorial improved Gleason grading accuracy by pathology residents to an equal extent regardless of their year hi training. It is more difficult to teach residents to grade Gleason scores 5 to 7 tumors, and additional training should be concentrated in this area. Cop)right (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Johns Hopkins Hosp, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Med Coll Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Albany Med Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Washington, Hlth Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Indiana Univ Hosp, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Epstein, JI (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Hosp, Dept Pathol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1044 EP 1050 DI 10.1053/hupa.2000.16278 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 355ZK UT WOS:000089418300007 PM 11014569 ER PT J AU Deffler, J Gavord, P AF Deffler, J Gavord, P TI Achieving cost effective support solutions for the new millenium through the DoD Automatic Test Systems selection process SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB DoD policy is to minimize unique types of Automatic Test Systems (ATS) being introduced into the DoD inventory by using designated DoD families and by encouraging the use of commercial testers that meet defined hardware and software interfaces. This policy has been incorporated into DoD 5000.2-R of 15 March 1996 (with Change 3 of 23 March 1998), which is intended to define an acquisition environment that makes DoD the smartest, most responsive buyer of the best goods or services that meet our warfighters' needs at the best dollar value to the DoD over the life of the product, DoD 5000,2-R policy is implemented in the area of ATS by: 1) leveraging non-recurring investments already made in ATS Families across multiple applications; 2) evolving the capabilities of these Families of ATS by migrating their commercial item content toward industry-wide standards; 3) facilitating intra- and inter-service level interoperability by encouraging common and interoperable support solutions; and 4) encouraging the use of commercial items within ATS Families and as ATS alternatives. To implement this policy, the DoD ATS Executive Agent was chartered to establish and maintain a waiver process for those programs that propose not to use the DoD designated standard families of ATS or commercial testers. Contrary to popular belief, the DoD ATS Selection Process has been established to facilitate the mission of the DoD Program Manager by helping him or her choose the most cost effective ATS solution that fulfills his or her mission support requirements. The DoD ATS family was not established to impose support solutions upon the DoD Program Manager, but rather to provide a variety of available and proven alternatives that may meet their needs while significantly reducing expected life cycle costs. Where obvious cost, schedule, or performance deficiencies exist with DoD family members for supporting a given weapon system, service ATS representatives provide the knowledge and expertise to help identify suitable alternatives. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. San Antonio Air Logist Ctr, ATS PGM Operat Off, Kelly AFB, TX USA. RP Deffler, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 9 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1109/62.873471 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 358UM UT WOS:000089575600006 ER PT J AU McCord, JE Ionin, AA Phipp, SP Crowell, PG Lampson, AI McIver, JK Brown, AJW Hager, GD AF McCord, JE Ionin, AA Phipp, SP Crowell, PG Lampson, AI McIver, JK Brown, AJW Hager, GD TI Frequency-tunable optically pumped carbon monoxide laser SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide laser; frequency tunable; fundamental band; mid-IR; optically pumped ID COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; IOS APPROXIMATION; CO; ACCURACY; TEMPERATURES; LINES; BAND; AR; HE AB Single-line frequency-tunable lasing was observed in an optically pumped, repetitively pulsed, room-temperature CO laser for the first time. The R(0) and R(7) re-vibrational transitions in the (2,0) overtone of CO at 2.3 mu m were optically pumped with a high-energy optical parametric oscillator. Single-line lasing was observed on (2,1) P(2)-P(17) transitions and R(0)-R(11) transitions (covering wavelengths within the range 4.6-4.9 mu m) when using a diffraction grating as the spectrally selective reflector of the laser resonator. The observed CO laser pulse lengths were similar to 10(-7) s with peak power up to 10(4) W. The influence of CO pressure, the addition of buffer gas (He, Ar), Q-factor of the laser resonator, and the pump pulse energy on CO laser pulse temporal characteristics and output energy spectral distribution was studied experimentally. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Laser Concepts, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Logicon RDA, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Acculight Corp, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. RP McCord, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Laser Concepts, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015 OI Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1041 EP 1052 DI 10.1109/3.863956 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 347ZR UT WOS:000088959600005 ER PT J AU Willett, JC Krider, EP AF Willett, JC Krider, EP TI Rise times of impulsive high-current processes in cloud-to-ground lightning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE lightning; terrestrial atmosphere ID TRANSMISSION-LINE MODEL; FIRST RETURN STROKES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FLASHES; ONSET AB Measurements are presented of electric-field derivative (dE/dt) waveforms that were radiated by first and subsequent return strokes, stepped, and dart-stepped-leader steps just before return strokes and "characteristic pulses" in normal (negative) cloud-to-ground lightning under conditions of minimal distortion due to ground-wave propagation. The main dE/dt peaks produced by the fast-rising portions of all of these processes are found to have similar durations [mean full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) ranging front 79 +/- 20 ns for subsequent strokes to 54 +/- 17 ns for stepped-leader steps], although widely differing absolute magnitudes (spanning nearly a factor of four). Field-change (E) signatures of first strokes are examined in greater detail after eliminating the 39% of events with multiple dE/dt peaks during their fast-rising portions. The "slow fronts" beginning these waveforms had durations of 3.7 +/- 1.2 mus and amplitudes 50 % +/- 10 % of peak E. The latter ratio was uncorrelated with either peak E or peak dE/dt. The range-normalized peak magnitudes of the remaining fast-rising portions of these field changes were well correlated with those of the corresponding dE/dt signatures, whereas the values of FWHM of dE/dt were uncorrelated with peak dE/dt and only poorly correlated with peak E. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Willett, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1442 EP 1451 DI 10.1109/8.898779 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 399QQ UT WOS:000166824200022 ER PT J AU Eigel, RL Collins, PJ Terzuoli, AJ Nesti, G Fortuny, J AF Eigel, RL Collins, PJ Terzuoli, AJ Nesti, G Fortuny, J TI Bistatic scattering characterization of complex objects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY DE bistatic; equivalence theorems; radar cross section AB This work focuses on the bistatic scattering nature of complex metal objects and assesses the accuracy of several common bistatic scattering prediction techniques: a common physical optics/physical theory of diffraction (PO/PTD) based simulation package, Kell's scattering center-derived monostatic-to-bistatic equivalence theorem (MBET), and Crispin's PO-based MEET. Monostatic and bistatic measured and simulated data are gathered and compared for three test objects of increasing complexity, Delineation between specular and nonspecular effects is highlighted to help explain when prediction techniques fail. The PO code proves erroneous at low grazing angle receive antenna positions and does not predict nonspecular type scattering well. Interestingly, however, it does accurately compute specular reflections from electrically small surface features. Kell's and Crispin's MBET's are also studied. For simple objects (e.g., flat plate) both MBET's predict scattering fairly well for bistatic angles of 30-40 degrees, with Kell's having a slight edge at larger angles, As the complexity of the object increases, MEET accuracy decreases. Neither MEET is particularly capable at bistatic angles greater than 15 degrees for objects whose scattered field is primarily comprised of specular interactions (minimally complex). Both tend to predict lower returns at larger bistatic angles. MEET accuracy holds for smaller bistatic angles with increasing geometrical complexity. The object whose geometry contains large shadowing features and a cavity supports multi-bounce, diffraction, and surface wave phenomena. The accuracy of both MBET's is limited to bistatic angles of only 5-10 degrees in this case, Each tends to predict higher than measured scattering at larger bistatic angles. C1 Natl RCS Test Facil, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EC Joint Res Ctr, European Microwave Signature Lab, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Eigel, RL (reprint author), Natl RCS Test Facil, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org; giuseppe.nesti@jrc.it NR 8 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2078 EP 2092 DI 10.1109/36.868867 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 357PP UT WOS:000089510300002 ER PT J AU Turgut, Z Fingers, RT Piehler, HR McHenry, ME AF Turgut, Z Fingers, RT Piehler, HR McHenry, ME TI Microstructural and magnetic observations of compacted FeCoV nanoparticles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) CY APR 09-12, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE characterizations; iron-cobalt alloys; microstructure; nanopowders AB One attempt to improve core loss of electromagnetic machines is to utilize nanocrystalline alloys, which are predicted to have extremely soft magnetic properties. High magnetic saturation values and high Curie temperatures make iron-cobalt alloys attractive for such applications. In this work iron-cobalt-vanadium nanopowders were synthesized and compacted. The coated particles were characterized and examined in both the powder and compacted states. Higher than expected coercivities are reported and may be due to the inhomogeneous microstructure resulting from interactions with the vanadium. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turgut, Z (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 3024 EP 3025 DI 10.1109/20.908664 PN 1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409EN UT WOS:000167371700275 ER PT J AU Fingers, RT Rubertus, CS AF Fingers, RT Rubertus, CS TI Application of high temperature magnetic materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) CY APR 09-12, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE aerospace; electromechanical machines; high temperature; more electric aircraft AB The trend in both military and commercial markets for greater affordability has prompted the electromechanical designer toward higher speed and higher operating temperature devices. New magnetic materials are essential for the success of many of these power generation, distribution, and utilization systems. This manuscript briefly describes some of the applications for advanced high temperature magnets. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fingers, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.fingers@wpafb.af.mil; scott.rubertus@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 3373 EP 3375 DI 10.1109/20.908805 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409EN UT WOS:000167371700386 ER PT J AU How, H Shi, P Vittoria, C Hokanson, E Champion, MH Kempel, LC Trott, KD AF How, H Shi, P Vittoria, C Hokanson, E Champion, MH Kempel, LC Trott, KD TI Steerable phased array antennas using single-crystal YIG phase shifters - Theory and experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE ferrite phase shifter; magnetic microwave device; microstrip device; steerable phased array AB A phased array antenna containing four linear microstrip patch elements has been fabricated and tested. The elements were fed through single-crystal yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) phase shifters. By varying the bias magnetic field, the input phases to the antenna elements can thus been tuned, resulting in steering of the radiation beam in one dimension. Measurements compared reasonably well with calculations. C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Transtech Inc, Adamstown, MD 21710 USA. USAF, Rome Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP How, H (reprint author), ElectroMagnet Applicat Inc, Boston, MA 02109 USA. RI Kempel, Leo/A-6837-2010; OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1544 EP 1549 DI 10.1109/22.869006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 357CJ UT WOS:000089480700017 ER PT J AU Foltz, TM Welsh, BM Holmberg, CD AF Foltz, TM Welsh, BM Holmberg, CD TI Symmetric convolution using unitary transform matrices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE digital filtering; symmetric convolution; trigonometric transforms ID COSINE TRANSFORMS; DISCRETE SINE AB In this correspondence, we demonstrate relationships between the convolutional and unitary forms of certain trigonometric transform matrices. We then use the new relationships to derive forms of the symmetric convolution-multiplication property based on unitary rather than convolutional forms of the transform matrices. C1 Directorate Commun & Informat Syst, Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Foltz, TM (reprint author), Directorate Commun & Informat Syst, Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 2691 EP 2692 DI 10.1109/78.863086 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 346BT UT WOS:000088851100026 ER PT J AU Vanden Bosch, PM Dietz, DC AF Vanden Bosch, PM Dietz, DC TI Minimizing expected waiting in a medical appointment system SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CUSTOMER ARRIVALS AB An appointment policy is established for a specific outpatient system, with the goal of reducing a combination of patients' expected waiting times and doctor's expected overtime. Service times are stochastic, and patients are assumed to be punctual if they show for their appointments. Substantial reductions in waiting times can be obtained over traditional scheduling practices, and the procedure is easily implemented by a naive scheduler once the optimal policy is established. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. US W Adv Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Vanden Bosch, PM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 32 IS 9 BP 841 EP 848 DI 10.1023/A:1007635012421 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 342EB UT WOS:000088631300007 ER PT J AU Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, V AF Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, V TI An evaluation of parameters for predicting fretting fatigue crack initiation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; crack initiation; high cycle fatigue; life prediction; titanium base alloy ID MECHANICS AB There are numerous fatigue parameters that can be used to determine the onset of crack initiation in a component subjected to constant amplitude plain fatigue, This study evaluated how well some of these parameters predict fretting fatigue crack initiation in titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. The following crack initiation parameters were evaluated; the strain-life parameter, the maximum strain corrected for strain ratio effects, the maximum principal strain corrected for principal strain ratio effects, the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) parameter, the critical plane SWT parameter and the Fatemi and Socie (F-S) parameter. The Ruiz parameters, which are specific to fretting fatigue condition, were also evaluated. The evaluation was based on the parameter's ability to predict the number of cycles to initiation and location for crack initiation. The results indicated that the maximum strain amplitude at the contact interface was an important parameter for fretting fatigue crack initiation. Furthermore, the results indicated that when the applied loading was corrected for the effects of contact and mean stress or strain ratio, titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V exposed to the fretting fatigue condition behaved in a manner similar to the plain fatigue condition. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,MLLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol AFIT ENY, AFRL PRTC, Aero Propuls & Rockets Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,MLLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP PY 2000 VL 22 IS 8 BP 703 EP 716 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(00)00036-0 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 358DL UT WOS:000089541900008 ER PT J AU Cox, BN Sridhar, N Davis, JB Mayer, A McGregor, TJ Kurtz, AG AF Cox, BN Sridhar, N Davis, JB Mayer, A McGregor, TJ Kurtz, AG TI Chain composites under ballistic impact conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB An existing family of composites of steel chains in resin matrices that exhibit delocalized failure and high levels of energy absorption under static tensile loading has been tested under high-velocity impact conditions. Panels of chain composites were shot with anti-personnel rounds in an instrumented test range. The tests demonstrate that the lockup mechanism operates at strain rates approaching 10(4) s(-1), with delocalized damage extending in several cases from the impact site to the edge of the test panel. Estimates of the energy absorbed per unit volume under impact conditions range from 30 to 75 MJ/m(2), approximately 50-60% higher than Values measured in static tension for the same composites. The enhancement of energy absorption is tentatively attributed to strengthening of the resin at high strain rates. Implications of the tests for designing ballistic protection are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cox, BN (reprint author), Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, 1049 Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 8 BP 809 EP 820 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(99)00180-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 331DM UT WOS:000088002100004 ER PT J AU Denegri, CM AF Denegri, CM TI Limit cycle oscillation flight test results of a fighter with external stores SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB Oscillatory wing response data were measured on an F-16A aircraft during flutter tests of several external store configurations. Previous testing had shown the F-16 to exhibit limit cycle oscillations (LCO) in the transonic regime, During the present tests, LCO were encountered as well as the sudden onset of high-amplitude oscillations. This sudden high-amplitude response closely resembled that of classical flutter. In all, three distinct categories of response behavior were seen during these tests: classical flutter, typical LCO, and nontypical LCO, These categories are representative of the broad spectrum of aeroelastic responses encountered by fighter aircraft with external stores. Theoretical flutter analyses are shown to adequately identify flutter- or LCO-sensitive store configurations and their instability oscillation frequencies. In addition, a strong correlation between the flight test response and the modal composition of the analytical flutter mechanism is evident. However, the linear analysis fails to provide insight into the oscillation amplitude or onset velocity, which are of primary importance for external store certification on fighter aircraft. Flutter analysis results are presented along with details of the analytical model, the store configurations, and the store mass properties for use as realistic check cases for the validation of nonlinear flutter analysis methods. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Engn Branch, Certificat Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Denegri, CM (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Engn Branch, Certificat Div, 205 W D Ave,Suite 348, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 10 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 761 EP 769 DI 10.2514/2.2696 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400003 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Melville, RB AF Gordnier, RE Melville, RB TI Transonic flutter simulations using an implicit aeroelastic solver SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 39th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 20-23, 1998 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; COMPUTATIONS; FLOW AB Flutter computations are presented for the AGARD 445.6 standard aeroelastic wing configuration using a fully implicit, aeroelastic Navier-Stokes solver coupled to a general, linear, second-order structural solver. This solution technique realizes implicit coupling between the fluids and structures using a subiteration approach. Results are presented for two Mach numbers, M-infinity=0.96 and 1.141. The computed flutter predictions are compared with experimental data and with previous Navier-Stokes computations for the same case. Predictions of the flutter point for the M-infinity=0.96 case agree well with experimental data. At the higher Mach number, M-infinity=1.141, the present computations overpredict the flutter point but are consistent with other computations fur the same case. The sensitivity of computed solutions to grid resolution, the number of modes used in the structural solver, and transition location is investigated. A comparison of computations using a standard second-order accurate central-difference scheme and a third-order upwind-biased scheme is also made. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 872 EP 879 DI 10.2514/2.2683 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400018 ER PT J AU Khot, NS Appa, K Eastep, FE AF Khot, NS Appa, K Eastep, FE TI Optimization of flexible wing without ailerons for rolling maneuver SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO 7th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization CY SEP 02-04, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, USAF, NASA, ISSMO AB An optimum flexible wing structure with enhanced roll maneuver capability at high dynamic pressures is designed. A flexible wing optimized for weight with constraints on strength for 9-g symmetric pull-up maneuver at M=0.85 and constraints on the frequency distribution were used. Elastic twist and camber are achieved by providing a system of actuating elements distributed within the internal substructure of the wing to provide control forces. The modal approach was used to develop equilibrium equations for the steady roll maneuver of a wing subjected to aerodynamic loads and actuating forces. The distribution of actuating forces to achieve a specified flexible roll rate was determined by using an optimal control design approach. Here, a full-scale realistic wing was considered for the assessment of strain energy as a measure of the necessary power required to produce the antisymmetric twist and camber deformation to achieve the required roll performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Mil Aircraft Div, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Khot, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 892 EP 897 DI 10.2514/2.2687 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400021 ER PT J AU Bunton, RW Denegri, CM AF Bunton, RW Denegri, CM TI Limit cycle oscillation characteristics of fighter aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Flight Test Engn Grp, Strike Aircraft Test Directorate, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Engn Branch, Certificat Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Bunton, RW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Flight Test Engn Grp, Strike Aircraft Test Directorate, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 916 EP 918 DI 10.2514/2.2690 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400024 ER PT J AU Wurtzler, KE AF Wurtzler, KE TI Computational analysis of F-15 forebody flow at high alpha SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wurtzler, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 934 EP 936 DI 10.2514/2.2698 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400031 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Huppi, ER Wise, JO AF Smith, DR Huppi, ER Wise, JO TI Observation of highly rotationally excited NO+ emissions in the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rotationally excited NO+; thermosphere; non-thermal emissions; NO+ ions ID SPACE-SHUTTLE EXPERIMENT; ION-MOLECULE REACTION; TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; NITRIC-OXIDE; RADIANCE; SPECTRA; OXYGEN; LINES AB Re-vibrational band head emissions from highly rotationally-excited NO+(v,J) (J greater than or equal to 90) have been observed for quiescent and aurorally disturbed conditions at tangent altitudes between approximately 100 and 215 km in the terrestrial thermosphere. The formation of these band heads in NO+ requires Very high rotational excitation with rotational energy of at least 1.9 eV. The data were obtained between 28 and 30 April 1991 with the CIRRIS-1A cryogenic interferometer from on board the space shuttle. These are the first observations of non-thermal rotational emissions from NO+ in the airglow. Several possible sources of these non-thermal emissions are discussed. This is the third in a series of recent discoveries tall from the CIRRIS-1A data base) of significant non-thermal rotational effects in an important atmospheric species. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 13 BP 1189 EP 1198 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00109-7 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 371HH UT WOS:000165172600006 ER PT J AU Duff, JW Smith, DR AF Duff, JW Smith, DR TI The O+(S-4)+N-2(X-1 Sigma(+)(g))-> NO+(X-1 Sigma(+))+N(S-4) reaction as a source of highly rotationally excited NO+ in the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NO+; rotational NLTE; infrared emission ID TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; NITRIC-OXIDE; NITROGEN; RADIANCE; MECHANISMS; MOLECULES; ENERGIES; PRODUCT; AIRGLOW; ATOMS AB Observations of daytime NO+ radiance near 4.3 mum by the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) indicate that NO+ rotation is in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE). The present work investigates the possibility of the nonthermal O+ +N-2 reaction as a source of rotational NLTE NO+ emission using standard chemical dynamics techniques. Calculations have been performed to determine the reaction cross section and the final NO+ vibrational-rotational distributions of the O++N-2 reaction as a function of initial translational energy. The potential energy surface was constructed based upon limited, reliable ab initio information. The calculated reaction cross section, which shows a very strong translational energy dependence, is in agreement with the available experimental data. The calculations also indicate that vibrational excitation of N-2 is as efficient as initial translational energy in promoting reaction, again in agreement with experimental evidence. The calculated average final translation energy is consistent with experiment for energies below 2 eV, indicating that the NO+ internal energy is well characterized by the calculations. The results indicate that the NO+ product from nonthermal collisions is vibrationally cold with substantial rotational excitation consistent with recent analyses of Earthlimb spectra. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Duff, JW (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 99 S Bedford St 7, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 13 BP 1199 EP 1206 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00110-3 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 371HH UT WOS:000165172600007 ER PT J AU Smith, Z Dryer, M Ort, E Murtagh, W AF Smith, Z Dryer, M Ort, E Murtagh, W TI Performance of interplanetary shock prediction models: STOA and ISPM SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NOAA Space Weather Week Meeting CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL BOULDER, COLORADO SP NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE space weather; shock predictions ID SOLAR-WIND; DISTURBANCES; SCINTILLATION AB The shock time of arrival (STOA) model and the interplanetary shock propagation model (ISPM) give predictions of the time of arrival and strength of solar-initiated interplanetary shocks. This paper presents the first operational predictions made of interplanetary shocks that follow solar events. The time interval of this study was February 1997-March 1999 (the rise of Solar Cycle 23). The results are presented in contingency-table form (whether or not a shock was predicted and/or observed) and also as the time differences (errors) between the predicted and observed shock arrivals. These results are compared to the accuracies that would be obtained using a constant, representative value (Rule of Thumb or R-T) for the transit time. The results show the percentage of successful predictions to within an accuracy of 12 h of shocks for the STOA, ISPM and R-T are 53, 58, and 33%, respectively. The corresponding root mean square (rms) errors of the shock arrival times are 15.0, 15.1 and 14.8 h. Note that the rms heavily weights outlying points, so although only 3 of the ISPM-predictions were off by more than 12 h, the ISPM rms is worse than that for STOA and R-T models; both of which had prediction errors > \12\ h for eight events. Statistics presented in this paper not only show the capabilities of these models, but also allow for comparison to future shuck-arrival forecasting models. These results may be considered as reference metrics in evaluating forecasting skill. The relationship of the interplanetary shocks to geomagnetic activity is also briefly considered. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA Crops, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USAF, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Smith, Z (reprint author), NOAA, SEC, 325 Broadway Blvd, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 20 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 14 BP 1265 EP 1274 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00082-1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372VW UT WOS:000165255600006 ER PT J AU Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP AF Hilmer, RV Ginet, GP TI A magnetospheric specification model validation study: Geosynchronous electrons SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NOAA Space Weather Week Meeting CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL BOULDER, COLORADO SP NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE magnetospheric specification model; geosynchronous electrons; spacecraft charging ID FIELD AB The Rice University Magnetospheric Specification Model (MSM) is an operational space environment model of the inner and middle magnetosphere designed to specify charged particle fluxes up to 100 keV. Validation test data taken between January 1996 and June 1998 consist of electron fluxes measured by a charge control system (CCS) on a defense satellite communications system (DSCS) spacecraft. The CCS includes both electrostatic analyzers to measure the particle environment and surface potential monitors to track differential charging between various materials and vehicle ground. While typical RMS error analysis methods provide a sense of the models overall abilities, they do not specifically address physical situations critical to operations, i.e., how well does the model specify when a high differential charging state is probable. In this validation study, differential charging states observed by DSCS are used to determine several threshold fluxes for the associated 20 -50 keV electrons and joint probability distributions are constructed to determine Hit, Miss, and False Alarm rates for the models. An MSM run covering the two and one-half year interval is performed using the minimum required input parameter set, consisting of only the magnetic activity index Kp, in order to statistically examine the model's seasonal and yearly performance. In addition, the relative merits of the input parameter, i.e., Kp, Dst, the equatorward boundary of diffuse aurora at midnight, cross-polar cap potential, solar wind density and velocity, and interplanetary magnetic field values, are evaluated as drivers of shorter model runs of 100 d each. In an effort to develop operational tools that can address spacecraft charging issues, we also identify temporal features in the model output that can be directly linked to input parameter variations and model boundary conditions. All model output is interpreted using the full three-dimensional, dipole tilt-dependent algorithms currently in operational use at the Air Force 55th Space Weather Squadron (55 SWXS). Results indicate that both diurnal and seasonal activity related variations in geosynchronous electrons are reproduced in a regular and consistent manner regardless of the input parameter used as drivers. The ability of the MSM to specify DSCS electrons in relation to thresholds indicative of spacecraft charging varies with the combination of input parameters used. The input parameter of greatest benefit to the MSM, after the required Kp index, is the polar cap potential drop as determined by DMSP spacecraft. Regarding the highest electron flux threshold, the model typically achieves high HIT rates paired with both high False Alarm rates and higher RMS error. Suggestions are made regarding the utilization of proxy values for the polar cap potential parameter and Kp-dependent model boundary conditions. The importance of generating accurate real-time proxy input data for operational use is stressed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hilmer, RV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 14 BP 1275 EP 1294 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00100-0 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372VW UT WOS:000165255600007 ER PT J AU Jaffe, RI Lane, JD Albury, SV Niemeyer, DM AF Jaffe, RI Lane, JD Albury, SV Niemeyer, DM TI Rapid extraction from and direct identification in clinical samples of methicillin-resistant staphylococci using the PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; MULTIPLEX PCR; MECA GENE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; REACTION ASSAY; AUREUS AB Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections and bacteremia. Standard bacterial identification and susceptibility testing frequently require as long as 72 h to report results, and there may be difficulty in rapidly and accurately identifying methicillin resistance. The use of the PCR is a rapid and simple process for the amplification of target DNA sequences, which can be used to identify and test bacteria for antimicrobial resistance. However, many sample preparation methods are unsuitable for PCR utilization in the clinical laboratory because they either are not cost-effective, take too long to perform, or do not provide a satisfactory DNA template for PCR. Our goal was to provide same-day results to facilitate rapid diagnosis and therapy. In this report, we describe a rapid method for extraction of bacterial DNA directly from blood culture bottles that gave quality DNA for PCR in as little as 20 min. We compared this extraction method to the standard QIAGEN method for turnaround time (TAT), cost, purity, and use of template in PCR Specific identification of MRS was determined using intragenic primer sets for bacterial and Staphylococcus 16S rRNA and mecA gene sequences. The PCR primer sets were validated with 416 isolates of staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 106), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (n = 134), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n = 176). The total supply cost of our extraction method and PCR was $2.15 per sample with a result TAT of less than 4 h. The methods described herein represent a rapid and accurate DNA extraction and PCR-based identification system, which makes the system an ideal candidate for use under austere field conditions and one that may have utility in the clinical laboratory. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. USAF, Force Protect Battlelab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jaffe, RI (reprint author), Commonwealth Biotechnol Inc, 601 Biotech Dr, Richmond, VA 23235 USA. NR 51 TC 56 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9 BP 3407 EP 3412 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 350RG UT WOS:000089114500046 PM 10970392 ER PT J AU Murawski, CG Vafai, K AF Murawski, CG Vafai, K TI Effect of wake disturbance frequency on the secondary flow vortex structure in a turbine blade cascade SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An experimental study of the effect of wake disturbance frequency on the secondary flow vortices in a two-dimensional linear cascade is presented. The flow Reynolds numbers, based on exit velocity and suction side surface length were 25,000, 50,000 and 85,000. Secondary flow was visualized by injecting smoke into the boundary layer and illuminating it with a laser light sheet located at the exit of the cascade. To simulate wakes from upstream blade rows, a set of spanwise cylinders were transversed across the front of the blade row. The flow visualization results with a single wake disturbance reveal that the recover time of the secondary flow vortex structure decreases as the wake traverse velocity is increased. The results of flow visualization wit multiple wakes showed that wake disturbance frequencies below the axial chord flow frequency allowed complete recovery of the secondary flow vortex structure before the next wake encounters the blade leading edge. Wake disturbance frequencies that exceeded the axial chord flow frequency resulted in no observable recovery of the secondary flow vortex structure. Axial chord flow frequency is defined as the axial velocity in the cascade divided by the axial chord length of th turbine blade. [S0098-2202(00)02203-3]. C1 USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Murawski, CG (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 606 EP 613 DI 10.1115/1.1287792 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NF UT WOS:000167106100021 ER EF