FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, JM TI Gyroresonant interactions of radiation belt particles with a monochromatic electromagnetic wave SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; DUCTED PLASMASPHERIC HISS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING LOSS; OBLIQUE WHISTLER WAVES; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; COHERENT VLF WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RING CURRENT; STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION AB The interaction of magnetized, relativistic test particles with a monochromatic electromagnetic wave is analyzed, taking into account the passage through cyclotron resonance in the spatially varying background magnetic field in slab geometry. A resonance-averaged Hamiltonian is used to delineate two distinct regimes. In both cases, termed "adiabatic" and "nonadiabatic," the first adiabatic invariant of the particle is broken during a resonant interaction! leading to change in energy and pitch angle. The adiabatic case is characterized by a limited range of resonant phase and a well-defined value of the change of the invariant, In the nonadiabatic case the phase at resonance ranges over 0 to 2 pi, and only the magnitude of the change of the invariant is determined; a phase factor gives the invariant change an effectively random sign. The appropriate regime is determined by a ratio of timescales which, in turn, depends on the particle and wave properties: adiabaticity is favored by large wave amplitudes and small parallel gradients of the geomagnetic field Bo, The long-term consequences of the two regimes are explored with a Monte Carlo simulation in the form of an iterated mapping. In a particular example, while some particles pitch angle scatter into the loss cone, energy is also removed from the distribution by particles in the adiabatic regime decaying in energy owing to repeated resonant interactions with the wave. Important potential magnetospheric applications include flux levels in the inner radiation belts: observations of "pancake" pitch angle distributions, and energization of storm time "killer" electrons. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02135 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02135 USA. OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 51 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A9 BP 21191 EP 21209 DI 10.1029/2000JA000008 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 356GU UT WOS:000089436200030 ER PT J AU Potasek, M Kim, S McLaughlin, D AF Potasek, M Kim, S McLaughlin, D TI All-optical power limiting SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NORMALLY DISPERSIVE MEDIA; PULSES AB We derived a numerical technique for the propagation of the electromagnetic field in a five-level reverse saturable absorber including the nonlinear Kerr effect and dispersion. The numerical method combines the split step beam propagation method and the Crank-Nicholson method. Using our numerical technique we observed new behavior, not previously observed nor predicted to our knowledge, including the temporal splitting caused by the dynamics of the carrier densities in a reverse saturable absorber and the enhancement of absorption due to the Kerr nonlinearity. Our numerical calculation enables the prediction of nonlinear absorption using material parameters such as the absorption cross-sections and decay rates. We can also investigate the interplay between the optical pulse properties such as the temporal pulse width, spatial radius, incident energy and the carrier dynamics and nonlinear absorption of the reverse saturable absorber. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78237 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Potasek, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78237 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1991 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 343 EP 364 DI 10.1142/S0218863500000224 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 380JR UT WOS:000165698500008 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Armstrong, JW Davenport, WL AF Smith, DM Armstrong, JW Davenport, WL TI Bony augmentation of the maxillary sinus via a Le Fort I osteotomy: A report of 3 cases SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSSEOUS IMPLANTS; FLOOR C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), 60 DS SGDDS,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1069 EP 1073 DI 10.1053/joms.2000.8756 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 352RG UT WOS:000089231200029 PM 10981993 ER PT J AU Smith, RM Sutton, AJ Hansen, NA AF Smith, RM Sutton, AJ Hansen, NA TI Custom retainer for the Blom-Singer adjustable tracheostoma valve SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID LARYNGECTOMY PATIENT AB This article presents a procedure that allows the laryngectomy patient to be fitted with a well-sealed custom device. The custom device provides near-normal speech during a variety of activities. The custom retainer for the Blom-Singer adjustable tracheostoma valve can be fabricated with medical grade silicone using routine prosthodontic techniques. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MRDPM, Dept Clin Prosthodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Smith, RM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MRDPM, Dept Clin Prosthodont, 2450 Pepperell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 84 IS 3 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1067/mpr.2000.109128 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 359UE UT WOS:000089629800014 PM 11005908 ER PT J AU Marasch, MW Hall, CD AF Marasch, MW Hall, CD TI Application of energy storage to solar electric propulsion orbital transfer SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID THRUST AB Solar electric propulsion uses solar panels to generate power for electric thrusters. Using stored energy makes it possible to thrust through eclipses, but requires that some of the solar power collected during the sunlit portion of the trajectory be used to recharge the storage system. Previous researchers have reported that the required energy storage mass can be prohibitive. However, the use of high-speed flywheels for energy storage can provide advantages. We compare the effectiveness of orbit transfers with using and without using energy storage. The orbit transfers are developed as sequences of time-optimal circle-to-circle planar transfers from low-Earth orbit to geostationary orbit. We develop techniques for solving the appropriate boundary-value problems and illustrate tradeoffs between solar array and flywheel-battery masses for transfers requiring multiple revolutions. The utility of flywheel energy storage specifically for the use of the solar electric propulsion system is examined. We find that when flywheel energy storage is used in these scenarios transit times are typically increased, but significant propellant mass savings can be realized. Furthermore, if the spacecraft has a requirement for energy storage, then it is advantageous to use stored energy during the orbit transfer. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Marasch, MW (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.2514/2.3613 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 364LN UT WOS:000089894000014 ER PT J AU Wright, EF AF Wright, EF TI Referred craniofacial pain patterns in patients - With temporomandibular disorder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRIGEMINAL SUBNUCLEUS CAUDALIS; MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS; MASTICATORY MUSCLE PAIN; MEDULLARY DORSAL HORN; JOINT; CONVERGENCE; MECHANISMS; NEURONS; NECK AB Background. Referred pain is prevalent in the craniofacial region,and it would be helpful for dental practitioners to have drawings delineating regions with a high probability for a patient's referred pain source. Methods. The author applied firm pressure for approximately five seconds to trigger points, nodules of spot tenderness, and selected masticatory structures within the head and neck region on 230 patients with temporomandibular disorder, or TMD. As firm pressure was being applied, subjects were asked whether pain was developing or intensifying in a location different than that being palpated. Results. One hundred ninety-six subjects (85 percent) reported that referred pain was being generated. The cheek area, ear and forehead were the most frequently reported sites of referred pain generation; palpation over the trapezius muscle, lateral pterygoid area and masseter muscle were the most common sources of referred pain to the craniofacial region. The author provides figures displaying common referred pain sites and their sources. Conclusions, Patients with TMD often report referred craniofacial pain arising from palpation of the head and neck region. The author found that the pattern between referred pain source and site was consistent and predictable. Practice Implications. Practitioners should consider craniofacial pain's propensity for referral when treating patients with TMD. Practitioners can use the figures presented to determine regions of high probability for a patient's referred pain source. C1 USAF, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Wright, EF (reprint author), 83 Cross Canyon, San Antonio, TX 78247 USA. NR 32 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 131 IS 9 BP 1307 EP 1315 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 350XA UT WOS:000089125900021 PM 10986831 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Gomez, TM Noah, DL Scott, DP Franz, DR AF Ashford, DA Gomez, TM Noah, DL Scott, DP Franz, DR TI Biological terrorism and veterinary medicine in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WARFARE; MANAGEMENT; OUTBREAK; WEAPONS; HISTORY C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAF, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC USA. So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 5 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.217.664 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 348FH UT WOS:000088974500026 PM 10976296 ER PT J AU Schock, M Spillar, EJ AF Schock, M Spillar, EJ TI Method for a quantitative investigation of the frozen flow hypothesis SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID STARFIRE-OPTICAL-RANGE; WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; TELESCOPE; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS AB We present a technique to test the frozen flow hypothesis quantitatively, using data from wave-front sensors such as those found in adaptive optics systems. Detailed treatments of the theoretical background of the method and of the error analysis are presented. Analyzing data from the 1.5-m and 3.5-m telescopes at the Starfire Optical Range, we find that the frozen flow hypothesis is an accurate description of the temporal development of atmospheric turbulence on time scales of the order of 1-10 ms but that significant deviations from the frozen flow behavior are present for longer time scales. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(00)00509-3] OCIS codes: 010.1080, 010.1330, 010.7350, 280.7250. C1 Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Schock, M (reprint author), Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1650 EP 1658 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.17.001650 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 348VN UT WOS:000089007300016 ER PT J AU Scofield, JD Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P AF Scofield, JD Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P TI Investigation of dilute SF6 discharges for application to SiC reactive ion etching SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; PLASMA; IMPEDANCE; GAS AB Impedance matching and power coupling eificiency optimization of SF6 gas discharges diluted with Ar and He have been compared in relation to reactive ion etch rates and etched feature anisotropy of hexagonal (6H) silicon carbide (SiC). In contrast to the measured radio frequency (rf) power coupling efficiency, He diluted mixtures resulted in greater etch rates by up to 50%, with superior anisotropy and surface morphology than comparable Ar:SF6 mixtures. The superior etched surface finish for the He diluted mixtures possibly arises from the less severe sputtering damage of SIC for He+ and SFX+, compared to Ar+ with the same energy. Etch rates over 3300 Angstrom/min have been achieved with excellent surface morphologies and anisotropy. These results conflict:with the notion that Ar+ ions are expected to enhance the ion assisted etch mechanism in technical gas mixtures. We observed superior, SiC etch performance for He:SF6 mixtures, compared to Ar:SF6, over the entire 10%-90% fractional ratios investigated. This result appears to be due to differing bulk discharge chemistries which control the flux of radicals and ions to the substrate, resulting in optimal surface polymerization conditions. This suggestion is based on our estimated bulk E/n values, known partial ionization cross sections, production rate coefficients for SF3+ and SF5+, and higher electron energy distributions for He dilution. In addition, we provide further evidence for the generic nature of utilizing the complex electrical characteristics of the rf discharge to optimize plasma etch conditions. On the other hand, we have demonstrated that understanding the details of gas phase kinetics is also necessary to fully exploit the power coupling optimization scheme for rf discharges, which are specific to the gas mixtures being utilized. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scofield, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 18 IS 5 BP 2175 EP 2184 DI 10.1116/1.1286361 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 356GD UT WOS:000089434800021 ER PT J AU Pauca, VP Ellerbroek, BL Plemmons, RJ Sun, X AF Pauca, VP Ellerbroek, BL Plemmons, RJ Sun, X TI Structured matrix representations of two-parameter Hankel transforms in adaptive optics SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE approximate matrix factorizations; structured matrices; Hankel transforms; adaptive optics; atmospheric imaging ID COMPENSATION; SYSTEMS AB We derive efficient approaches for two-parameter Hankel transforms. Such transforms arise, for example, in covariance matrix computations for performance modeling and evaluation of adaptive optics (AO) systems. Fast transforms are highly desirable since the parameter space for performance evaluation and optimization is large. They may he also applicable in real-time control algorithms for future AO systems. Both approaches exploit the analytical properties of the Hankel transform and result in structured matrix representations of approximate transforms. The approximations can be made to satisfy any pre-specified accuracy requirement. The matrix structures can then be exploited in subsequent computations to significantly reduce computation cost, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc, All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Pauca, VP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, POB 90129, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0024-3795 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 316 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0024-3795(99)00267-0 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 349LB UT WOS:000089045600004 ER PT J AU Tam, S Fajardo, ME AF Tam, S Fajardo, ME TI Observation of the high-resolution infrared absorption spectrum of CO2 molecules isolated in solid parahydrogen SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-GAS MATRICES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ROVIBRATIONAL STATES; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN; TRANSITIONS; CLUSTERS; QUANTUM AB We report the observation of high-resolution (0.008 cm(-1)) infrared absorption spectra of CO2 molecules isolated in solid parahydrogen (pH(2)) matrices at T=2.4 to 4.8 K. Several extremely sharp (0.01 to 0.04 cm(-1) full-width-at-half- maximum) absorption features appear in the 2343.5 to 2345 cm(-1) region. We assign the three strongest peaks to the v(3) mode of isolated CO2 molecules. The spectra are consistent with trapping of the CO2 molecules in three distinct double-substitutional sites in hcp and fcc regions of the pH(2) solid. We offer several hypotheses as to the origins of the numerous weaker absorption features. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1063-777X(00)00509-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Tam, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Propuls Directorate, Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 84 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-777X J9 LOW TEMP PHYS+ JI Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 26 IS 9-10 BP 653 EP 660 AR PII [S1063-777X(00)00509-0] DI 10.1063/1.1312391 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 364NC UT WOS:000089897600005 ER PT J AU Nagem, RJ Seng, JM Williams, JH AF Nagem, RJ Seng, JM Williams, JH TI Residual life predictions of composite aircraft structures via nondestructive testing, part 1: Prediction methodology and nondestructive testing SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE composite material; nondestructive testing; ultrasonic testing; X-radiography ID ULTRASONIC-ATTENUATION; LASER AB We present a two part paper that contains the results of a research project whose central goal is to demonstrate the capability to predict the residual useful life of advanced composite aircraft structures using nondestructive testing (NDT) data. Due to both its complexity and broadly applicable design features, the horizontal stabilizer of the Harrier AV-8B Jump Jet is selected as above, the demonstration structure for the project. In part 1 we give an overview of the project, followed by a brief description of the structural design of the Harrier AV-8B horizontal stabilizer. We summarize the results of nondestructive tests that were conducted at the Sacramento Air Logistics Center at McClellan Air Force Base. X-ray and ultrasonic testing data are presented for an operational horizontal stabilizer. Indications of structural anomalies are discussed, and a quantitative method is proposed for characterizing the ultrasonic attenuation of the advanced composite stabilizer skins. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ML, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nagem, RJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1065 EP 1074 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 352ZG UT WOS:000089248800005 ER PT J AU Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Malas, JC AF Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Malas, JC TI Hot deformation mechanisms in Ti-6Al-4V with transformed beta starting microstructure: commercial v. extra low interstitial grade SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS AB The hot deformation behaviour of commercial and extra low interstitial (ELT) grades of Ti - 6Al - 4V (Ti-6-4) alloy with a transformed beta starting microstructure has been studied in the temperature range 750-1100 degrees C and strain rate range 0.001-10 s(-1). On the basis of the flow stress data as a function of temperature and strain rate, processing maps have been developed for these two grades and compared in order to bring out the differences, if any, While the stress-strain behaviour has not varied appreciably with the grade of Ti-6-4, significant differences have been observed in the processing maps as well as the tensile ductility variation with temperature, At lower strain rates in the alpha-beta range (<0.01 s(-1)), both the grades exhibit globularisation of the lamellar structure, the optimum temperature being higher for the commercial grade than the ELI grade. The apparent activation energy for globularisation is higher in the commercial grade (455 kJ mol(-1)) than that of the ELI grade (370 kJ mol(-1)), At temperatures lower than about 900 degrees C and strain rates less than about 0.1 s(-1), a regime of strain induced porosity (SIP) at the prior beta grain boundaries has been observed and the SIP regime is narrower in the ELI grade than the commercial grade, Strain induced porosity cracks are nucleated as a result of the stress concentrations produced by the sliding of prior beta grain boundaries which is promoted by the lower strain rates, The mechanism of hot deformation in the beta range is sensitive to the grade of Ti-6-4, In the ELI grade, the beta phase deforms by large grained superplasticity, but deformation close to the transus nucleates voids within the prior beta grains resulting in a drop in the tensile ductility. On the other hand, the commercial grade exhibits dynamic recrystallisation of beta phase. The apparent activation energy for beta deformation is lower in the commercial grade (173 kJ mol(-1)) than the ELI grade (287 kJ mol(-1)), although both the values are comparable to that for self-diffusion in beta. The flow instability regime, as predicted by the continuum instability criterion, is not significantly different in the two grades of Ti-6-4 even though the domain of cracking along the adiabatic shear bands is wider in the commercial grade than the ELI grade. MST/4390. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch,AFRL,MLMR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, YVRK (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Met, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH SER JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1029 EP 1036 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 361QX UT WOS:000089735400012 ER PT J AU Lempert, WR Harris, SR AF Lempert, WR Harris, SR TI Flow tagging velocimetry using caged dye photo-activated fluorophores SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow tugging velocimetry; photo-activated fluorophores; rotating flows; vortex breakdown ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; AXISYMMETRICAL VORTEX BREAKDOWN; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; STATISTICS; NUMBER; FIELD; LAYER AB The use of caged dye photo-activated fluorophore velocimetry is described and representative examples are presented. After a brief survey of recently reported measurements, a more detailed example of the Row produced in a cylinder with a single rotating end wall is presented. Simultaneous stereoscopic image sets in the (r, z) and (r, theta) planes have been obtained oc er a Reynolds number range of roughly 10(2)-10(5). At low Reynolds numbers (similar or equal to 0-2000), the steady, axisymmetrical flow is found to quantitatively agree with predictions from a numerical Row solver At higher Reynolds numbers (from 5 x 10(3) to 10(5)), the now develops considerable turbulent three-dimensional structure. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Multifunct EO Sensors Branch, Res Lab, SNJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1251 EP 1258 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/11/9/302 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 354TB UT WOS:000089344800003 ER PT J AU Jata, KV Sankaran, KK Ruschau, JJ AF Jata, KV Sankaran, KK Ruschau, JJ TI Friction-stir welding effects on microstructure and fatigue of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; CRACK-PROPAGATION; STRESS-CORROSION; GRAIN-SIZE; ENVIRONMENT; RESISTANCE AB Aluminum alloy 7050 was friction-stir welded (FSW) in a T7451 temper to investigate the effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Results are discussed for the as-welded condition (as-FSW) and for a postweld heat-treated condition consisting of 121 degrees C for 24 hours (as-FSW + T6), Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of the weld-nugget region show that the FS welding process transforms the initial millimeter-sized pancake-shaped grains in the parent material to fine 1 to 5 mu m dynamically recrystallized grains; also, the FS welding process redissolves the strengthening precipitates in the weld-nugget region. In the heat-affected zone (HAZ), the initial grain size is retained, while the size of the strengthening precipitates and of the precipitatefree zone (PFZ) is coarsened by a factor of 5, Tensile specimens tested transverse to the weld show that there is a 25 to 30 pet reduction in the strength level, a 60 pet reduction in the elongation in the as-FSW condition, and that the fracture path is in the HAZ. The postweld heat treatment of 121 degrees C for 24 hours did not result in an improvement either in the strength or the ductility of the welded material. Comparison of fatigue-crack growth rates (FCGRs) between the parent T7451 material and the as-FSW + T6 condition, at a stress ratio of R = 0.33, shows that the FCG resistance of the weld-nugget region is decreased, while the FCG resistance of the HAZ is increased. Differences in FCGRs, however, are substantially reduced at a stress ratio of R = 0.70. Analysis of residual stresses, fatigue-crack closure, and fatigue fracture surfaces suggests that decrease in fatigue crack growth resistance in the weld-nugget region is due to an intergranular failure mechanism; in the HAZ region, residual stresses are more dominant than the microstructure improving the fatigue crack growth resistance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Mat Engn Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Jata, KV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 267 Z9 272 U1 15 U2 119 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2181 EP 2192 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0136-9 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352DB UT WOS:000089198300009 ER PT J AU Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK AF Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK TI Hot deformation mechanisms in a powder metallurgy nickel-base superalloy IN 625 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING MAP AB The hot working behavior of the nickel-base superalloy LN 625 produced by hot extrusion of a powder metallurgy (P/M) compact has been studied by compression testing in the temperature range 900 degrees C to 1200 degrees C and true strain rate range 0.001 to 100 s(-1). At strain rates less than about 0.1 s(-1), the stress-strain curves exhibited near steady-state behavior, while at higher strain rates, the flow stress reached a peak before flow softening occurred. The processing maps developed on the basis of the temperature and strain rate and strain dependence of the flow stress exhibited three domains. (1) The first domain occurs at lower strain rates (<0.01 s(-1)) and temperatures higher than about 1050 degrees C. The peak efficiency and the temperature at which it occurs have increased with strain. The microstructure of the specimen deformed in this domain exhibited extensive wedge cracking. (2) The second domain occurs in the intermediate range of strain rates (0.01 to 0.1 s(-1)) and temperatures lower than 1050 degrees C, and in this domain, microstructural observations indicated dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of gamma containing delta precipitates and carbide particles resulting in a fine-grained structure. (3) The third domain occurs at higher strain rates (>10 s(-1)) and temperatures above 1050 degrees C, with a peak efficiency of about 42 pet occurring at 1150 degrees C and 100 s(-1). Microstructural observations in this domain revealed features such as irregular grain boundaries and grain interiors nearly free from annealing twins, which are typical of DRX of homogeneous gamma phase. The instability map revealed that flow instability occurs at strain rates above 1 s(-1) and temperatures below 1050 degrees C, and this is manifested as intense adiabatic shear bands. These results suggest that bulk metal working of this material may be carried out in the high strain rate domain where DRX of homogeneous gamma occurs. On the other hand, for achieving a fine-grained product, finishing operations may be done in the intermediate strain rate domain. The wedge cracking domain and the regime of instability must be totally avoided for achieving defect-free products. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Mfg Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Medeiros, SC (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Mfg Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2317 EP 2325 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0147-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352DB UT WOS:000089198300020 ER PT J AU Cox, JE Keesling, CA Johnson, CE Grayson, DE Morrison, WB AF Cox, JE Keesling, CA Johnson, CE Grayson, DE Morrison, WB TI The utility of screening chest radiographs for flight physicals SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Previous studies have shown low efficacy of screening chest radiographs in various populations. Findings of approximately 3,500 screening chest radiographs performed for flight duty were reviewed to determine the rate of detection of significant abnormalities. There were abnormal findings in 107 chest radiographs (3%). Fifty-five of these (1.6% of total), after additional evaluation, were found to be false positive. Only two medically significant conditions were found in the screening population. Based on our data, routine screening of flight duty applicants does not appear to be justified. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cox, JE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 IS 9 BP 667 EP 669 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355AC UT WOS:000089362600010 PM 11011537 ER PT J AU Neuhauser, TS Derringer, GA Thompson, LDR Fanburg-Smith, JC Miettinen, M Saaristo, A Abbondanzo, SL AF Neuhauser, TS Derringer, GA Thompson, LDR Fanburg-Smith, JC Miettinen, M Saaristo, A Abbondanzo, SL TI Splenic angiosarcoma: A clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 28 cases SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiosarcoma; hemangioma; histogenesis; immunohistochemistry; littoral cell angioma; lymphangioma; lymphangiosarcoma ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR-3; STEWART-TREVES SYNDROME; VASCULAR TUMORS; LYMPHATIC ENDOTHELIUM; CELL ANGIOSARCOMA; DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMAN SPLEEN; LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA; MACROPHAGES; DIFFERENTIATION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Hematopathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Endocrine & Otorhinolaryng Head & Neck Patho, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Soft Tissue Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Univ Helsinki, Haartman Inst, Mol Canc Biol Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Neuhauser, TS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Thompson, Lester/J-8404-2016 OI Thompson, Lester/0000-0003-3714-1432 NR 49 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 13 IS 9 BP 978 EP 987 DI 10.1038/modpathol.3880178 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 356UL UT WOS:000089461200008 PM 11007038 ER PT J AU Sylvia, BM McMullen, P Schmelz, J Runzel, A Stevens, V Jackson, HL AF Sylvia, BM McMullen, P Schmelz, J Runzel, A Stevens, V Jackson, HL TI Exploration of facilitators and barriers to prenatal care among military women SO NURSE PRACTITIONER FORUM-CURRENT TOPICS AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SATISFACTION; HEALTH AB Early and regular prenatal care has been shown to decrease the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, little research has examined it experientially from the mother's perspective. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of prenatal care from the military mother's perspective. Using purposive sampling, 16 women who had recently given birth were interviewed. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive research methodology to elicit categories of substantive concepts, ideas, or themes. Data explored in this study included availability, use and satisfaction with prenatal care services, and barriers, preferences, and recommendations. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing Res, Grad Sch Nursing, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nurse Practitioner, Grad Sch Nursing, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 39, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN Hosp, FPO, AP USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Womens Hlth Clin, SGCGO, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Kirk Army Clin, North East, MD USA. RP Sylvia, BM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing Res, Grad Sch Nursing, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1045-5485 J9 NURS PRACT FORUM JI Nurse Pract. Forum-Curr. Top. Commun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 353AF UT WOS:000089251000004 PM 11220048 ER PT J AU Eaton, FD Balsley, BB Frehlich, RG Hugo, RJ Jensen, ML McCrae, KA AF Eaton, FD Balsley, BB Frehlich, RG Hugo, RJ Jensen, ML McCrae, KA TI Turbulence observations over a desert basin using a kite/tethered-blimp platform SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE turbulence; refractive index structure parameter; atmospheric propagation; meteorology; velocity; temperature; sensors ID SANDS-MISSILE-RANGE; ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATES; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEW-MEXICO; WAVE-PROPAGATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; VERTICAL PROFILES; VHF RADAR; ATMOSPHERE; INTERMITTENCY AB Results of the (temperature) refractive index structure parameter (C-T(2)), C-n(2), and the eddy dissipation rate epsilon derived from the velocity structure parameter C-v(2) are presented from fast response sensor observations using a kite/tethered-blimp platform in the Tularosa Basin at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, during the spring of 1998. Comparisons of different sensors (fine-wire probes and pitot tubes) measuring the same parameter are displayed and discussed while salient features of all sensors (standard and fast response) and the kite and tethered-blimp platforms are outlined. The nature and statistics of turbulence, including intermittency, under different stability conditions is discussed, including those found in the residual layer above the nocturnal boundary layer and the entrainment zone at the top of the daytime planetary boundary layer. In addition to displaying time series of temperature C-n(2) and epsilon results obtained at specific altitudes and times, histograms of all daytime and nighttime C-n(2), and epsilon values are compared to log-normal distributions. Examples of profiles of C-n(2) and epsilon for daytime, near sunset, and nighttime conditions are shown and discussed. The relationship of C-n(2) with epsilon is displayed for all data as well as sorted by daytime and nighttime. These results are explained in terms of potential and kinetic energy considerations under different atmospheric stability conditions. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)03209-8]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Colorado, Coll Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Eaton, FD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2517 EP 2526 DI 10.1117/1.1288182 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 352KF UT WOS:000089213800029 ER PT J AU Stewart, DL AF Stewart, Dawn L. TI Numerical Methods for Accurate Computation of Design Sensitivities for Two-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Problems SO OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fluid flow; finite element method; Navier-Stokes; partial differential equations; projections; design sensitivity analysis AB Gradient computations can be a limiting factor in algorithm efficiency and accuracy for optimization based design. In this paper, we present three parameterized flow problems and consider the evaluation of state sensitivities both theoretically and numerically. Existence and uniqueness results are given for the sensitivities of a specific group of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes problems. We then turn our attention to obtaining numerical approximations to state sensitivities. We show convergence of our numerical sensitivities using a problem having an exact solution. Next, two problems, flow around a cylinder and flow over a bump, are used to evaluate several computational schemes. In particular, a local projection scheme for improved state derivative approximations and the use of an adaptive finite element scheme are shown to be important techniques for obtaining accurate sensitivity approximations. Lastly, we evaluate the impact of these computational techniques on cost function and gradient calculation. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Stewart, DL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-97-1-0356, F49620-96-1-0329] FX This work was supported in part by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grants F49620-97-1-0356 and F49620-96-1-0329. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-4420 J9 OPTIM ENG JI Optim. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 1 IS 3 BP 277 EP 304 DI 10.1023/A:1010026123124 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA V19TQ UT WOS:000208095100002 ER PT J AU Venkatesh, V Morris, MG Ackerman, PL AF Venkatesh, V Morris, MG Ackerman, PL TI A longitudinal field investigation of gender differences in individual technology adoption decision-making processes SO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES LA English DT Review ID PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL; SEX-ROLE IDENTITY; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL; LEARNED HELPLESSNESS; EXECUTIVE DECISIONS; COMPUTER-TECHNOLOGY; USER ACCEPTANCE; REASONED ACTION AB This research investigated gender differences in the overlooked context of individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), User reactions and technology usage behavior were studied over a 5-month period among 355 workers being introduced to a new software technology application, When compared to women's decisions, the decisions of men were more strongly influenced by their attitude toward using the new technology. In contrast, women were more strongly influenced by subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Sustained technology usage behavior was driven by early usage behavior, thus fortifying the lasting influence of gender-based early evaluations of the new technology. These findings were robust across income, organization position, education, and computer self-efficacy levels. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Venkatesh, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vvenkate@rhsmith.umd.edu NR 119 TC 266 Z9 270 U1 8 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0749-5978 J9 ORGAN BEHAV HUM DEC JI Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 33 EP 60 DI 10.1006/obhd.2000.2896 PG 28 WC Psychology, Applied; Management; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 353UP UT WOS:000089294100002 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, S Sanford, SH AF Finkelstein, S Sanford, SH TI Learning from corporate mistakes: The rise and fall of iridium SO ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID REAL OPTIONS; ESCALATION; COMMITMENT C1 Dartmouth Coll, Amos Tuck Sch Business Adm, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Mercer Management Consulting, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Finkelstein, S (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Amos Tuck Sch Business Adm, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-2616 J9 ORGAN DYN JI Organ. Dyn. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0090-2616(00)00020-6 PG 11 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 383QA UT WOS:000165892700005 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Hazzledine, PM AF Rao, SI Hazzledine, PM TI Atomistic simulations of dislocation-interface interactions in the Cu-Ni multilayer system SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; CORE STRUCTURES; THIN-FILMS; METALS; STRENGTH; DEFECTS; STRESS; LAYER; MICROSTRUCTURES; COHERENCY AB Experimental results show that a nanolayered composite structure made of two kinds of metals strengthens dramatically as the layer thickness is reduced. In epitaxial systems, this strengthening has been attributed to the modulus, lattice parameter, gamma surface and slip-plane mismatches between adjacent layers. The modulus mismatch (the Koehler barrier) introduces a force between a dislocation and its image in the interface. The lattice parameter mismatch generates oscillating coherency stresses and van der Merwe misfit dislocations at or near the interfaces, which interact with mobile dislocations. The gamma surface (chemical) mismatch introduces a localized force on gliding dislocations due to cure energy changes at or near the interfaces. Slip-plane misorientations across the interfaces require mobile screw dislocations to cross-slip for slip transmission and other dislocations to leave a difference dislocation at the interface. In this paper, atomistic simulations using the embedded-atom method are used to study the four components of dislocation-interface interactions in epitaxial Cu-Ni multilayers in a systematic fashion. The interaction of misfit dislocations with mobile dislocations is modelled using continuum theory. In thick Cu-Ni bilayers, the Koehler barrier is almost independent of interface orientation and dislocation character and is equal to 0.01 mu-0.015 mu but, when the layer thickness is comparable with the core width of a dislocation, the Koehler barrier falls rapidly (from 0.01 mu at a wavelength of 10 nm to 0.004 mu at 1.75 nm). This behaviour is in accordance with available experimental observations in the literature on the yield of epitaxial Cu-Ni multilayered systems. The gamma surface mismatch or chemical strengthening component of the blocking strength of Cu-Ni interfaces to (a/2)[110] screw dislocations is 0.003 mu, a factor of three lower than the Koehler stress. Coherency stresses, apart from exerting direct forces on dislocations, alter the barrier strengths by three mechanisms: firstly, they reduce the density of van der Merwe misfit dislocations, secondly, they enhance the Koehler barrier by altering the elastic constants of both Cu and Ni and, thirdly, non-glide stress components change the core structure of gliding dislocations, thereby altering the Koehler barrier. Overall, the barrier strength of (111) interfaces is independent of the wavelength of the multilayer and about 0.02 mu up to the wavelength of lambda(c), the coherence wavelength limit. At Cu(001)-Ni(001) interfaces the total barrier strength decreases from a value of 0.02 mu at long wavelengths (lambda approximate to infinity) to about 0.01 mu at lambda = lambda(c), as considered by Rao et al. in 1995 in their yield stress model for Cu-Ni multilayered structures. Slip-plane misorientations provide powerful barriers to slip transmission. Even at a (111) twinned interface in a coherent Cu-Ni multilayer, screw dislocations cross-slip on to the interface rather than into Ni because the stacking-fault energy at the interface is lower than in Ni. The blocking strength of the same interface to 60 degrees dislocations (which must leave a step and a residual dislocation in the boundary) is very large, 0.03-0.04 mu. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 55 TC 157 Z9 162 U1 6 U2 68 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 80 IS 9 BP 2011 EP 2040 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 354JM UT WOS:000089327300003 ER PT J AU Besselman, J Arora, A Larkey, P AF Besselman, J Arora, A Larkey, P TI Buying in a businesslike fashion - And paying more? SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GOVERNMENT; INCENTIVES AB The government, particularly the Department of Defense (DoD), is undergoing yet another wave of acquisition reforms, which are intended to bring commercial buying practices to DoD's purchasing operations. This research shows chat, prior to these reforms, the DoD's buying practices were superior to commercial practices in terms of prices paid for a large number of electronic and engine parts. The research compares DoD and purchasing of more than 676,000 identical items costing more than $60 million with commercial purchasing of the identical items. It finds that the DoD's purchasing superiority holds even when purchasing costs are considered. The DoD achieved these results because it wets already using commercial practices commonly followed by large firms: aggregating purchases, using cost data, and negotiating aggressively in markets with Few suppliers. Some of the recent reforms will undermine the DoD's ability to exploit these common commercial practices and will raise the government's costs. C1 USAF, Installat & Logist Staff, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Besselman, J (reprint author), USAF, Installat & Logist Staff, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PI WASHINGTON PA 1120 G STREET NW SUITE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 5 BP 421 EP 434 DI 10.1111/0033-3352.00105 PG 14 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 351DY UT WOS:000089143600004 ER PT J AU Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ AF Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ TI Comparison of ion densities measured in the topside ionosphere at low latitudes and midlatitudes with calculations of ionospheric models over a full solar cycle SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Measurements of total ion density at 840 km altitude at all latitudes in four local time sectors are available from 1987 to the present from spacecraft of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Thus all phases of the past solar cycle are represented in the data set. We present comparisons of the measurements with values obtained from climatology models of the ionosphere. The models examined are the International Reference Ionosphere (IRT) model, the Parameterized Ionospheric Model (PIM) and the Reilley - ICED Bent - Gallagher (RIBG) model. We show that all of the models reproduce some of the features of the observed topside ionosphere, but none of the models match all of the observations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rich, FJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1204 DI 10.1029/1999RS002284 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 359JC UT WOS:000089606900013 ER PT J AU Halloran, ME Bekoff, M AF Halloran, ME Bekoff, M TI Home range use by Abert squirrels: A comparative analysis SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB We compared data from an analysis of space use by Abert squirrels (Sciurus aberti) performed in 1991 with data from a previous study performed in 1971 at the same study site (Farentinos, 1979). In both studies, home range estimates based on the 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) method were positively correlated with sample size. The number of home range sightings used for calculations in the current study was significantly larger for both males and females when compared to that used by Farentinos (1979), as were estimates of home range. Results from the current study also contradict Farentinos' earlier findings that males have larger home ranges during the breeding season than the nonbreeding season, and that males have larger home ranges during the breeding season than females year around. The method used to estimate home range sizes may have influenced the results, and the 100% MCP method may be of limited use for drawing meaningful biological comparisons, unless sample size is held constant. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Halloran, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 45 IS 3 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.2307/3672827 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361WL UT WOS:000089747200002 ER PT J AU Grove, GD Goodman, SE Lukasik, SJ AF Grove, GD Goodman, SE Lukasik, SJ TI Cyber-attacks and international law SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article AB Governments and critical infrastructures rely increasingly on network computing technologies and are thus ever more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Responding to such attacks - whether through diplomatic or economic sanctions, cyber-counterattack, or physical force - raises legal questions. International customary law is not yet fully formed on this issue, but the UN Charter and the laws of armed conflict establish certain baseline rules. Countries with a stake in evolving legal standards for the use of force in information operations should be prepared to make hard choices. Such countries should aim not only to preserve their own security, but also to set legal precedents that balance the need to use a new kind of force against the considerable, untested risks of doing so. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Int Secur & Cooperat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Consortium Res Informat Secur & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Grove, GD (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD FAL PY 2000 VL 42 IS 3 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1093/survival/42.3.89 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 350RN UT WOS:000089115100006 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Jones, NP Ghanem, R AF Pettit, CL Jones, NP Ghanem, R TI Wavelet-based detection and classification of roof-corner pressure transients SO WIND AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE wavelet transform; transients; detection; classification AB Many practical time series, including pressure signals measured on roof-corners of low-rise buildings in quartering winds, consist of relatively quiescent periods interrupted by intermittent transients. The dyadic wavelet transform is used to detect these transients in pressure time series and a relatively simple pattern classification scheme is used to detect underlying structure in these transients. Statistical analysis of the resulting pattern classes yields a library of signal "building blocks", which are useful for detailed characterization of transients inherent to the signals being analyzed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010; Jones, Nicholas/A-2328-2010; Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008 OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI TAEJON PA PO BOX 33, YUSONG, TAEJON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-6116 J9 WIND STRUCT JI Wind Struct. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 3 IS 3 BP 159 EP 175 PG 17 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Mechanics GA 359LY UT WOS:000089613400002 ER PT J AU Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK AF Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK TI Mechanisms of hot working in extra-low interstitial grade Ti-6Al-4V with equiaxed (alpha+beta) microstructure SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR METALLKUNDE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS; ALLOY AB The hot-deformation mechanisms in an extra-low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti-6Al-4V with equiaxed (alpha + beta) starting microstructure are evaluated in the temperature range 750 to 1100 degreesC and strain rate range 0.001 to 100 s(-1). Several available materials modeling techniques, viz. stress-strain behavior, kinetic analysis, processing maps, are considered for this purpose. The stress-strain curves exhibited three different generic shapes and no conclusions on mechanisms could be drawn on the basis of these shapes. The kinetic rate equation is found to be obeyed in the limited temperature and strain rate ranges. The processing map exhibited two domains - one in the temperature range 750 to 975 degrees C (alpha + beta region) representing the process of fine-grained superplasticity and the other in the beta phase field (> 975 degreesC) representing its dynamic recrystallization. The apparent activation energy in the alpha-beta range (similar to 295 kJ/ mol) is much higher than that for self-diffusion in alpha -titanium (150 kJ/mol) and is indicative of dynamic recovery of beta phase at the triple junctions as the rate-controlling step during superplasticity. In the beta range, the apparent ac activation energy (151 kJ/mol) is very close to that for selfdiffusion in beta -titanium (153 kJ/mol). The material exhibited flow instabilities at higher strain rates (>1 s(-1)) and the manifestation of these instabilities in the alpha-beta range is in the form of adiabatic shear bands. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLMR,Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seshacharyulu, T (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLMR,Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-3093 J9 Z METALLKD JI Z. Metallk. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 91 IS 9 BP 775 EP 780 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 369DC UT WOS:000090155700012 ER PT J AU Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Pomrenke, GS Look, DC Huffman, J AF Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Pomrenke, GS Look, DC Huffman, J TI Electrical properties of boron-doped p-SiGeC grown on n(-)-Si substrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY; SILICON; CARBON; ALLOYS AB Electrical properties of fully strained boron-doped Si0.90-yGe0.10Cy/n(-)-Si grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition have been investigated as a function of carbon content (0.2%-1.5%), using the variable temperature (25-650 K) Hall-effect technique. The results of Hall-effect measurements show that the Si substrate and the SiGeC/Si interfacial layer affect significantly the electrical properties of the SiGeC epitaxial layer. Thus, a three-layer conducting model has been used to extract the carrier concentration and mobility of the SiGeC layer alone. At room temperature, the hole carrier concentration decreases from 6.8x10(17) to 2.4x10(17) cm(-3) and the mobility decreases from 488 to 348 cm(2)/V s as the carbon concentration increases from 0.2% to 1.5%. The boron activation energy increases from 20 to 50 meV as C increases from 0.2% to 1.5% with an increment of 23 meV per atomic % of C. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01835-0]. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Lawrence Semicond Res Lab, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. RP Ahoujja, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 9 BP 1327 EP 1329 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)01835-0] DI 10.1063/1.1290047 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 346ZC UT WOS:000088900900030 ER PT J AU Golden, MC Collins, BD Willis, MC Koch, TH AF Golden, MC Collins, BD Willis, MC Koch, TH TI Diagnostic potential of PhotoSELEX-evolved ssDNA aptamers SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 5-bromodeoxyuridine; photocross-linking; basic fibroblast growth factor; combinatorial methods; ELISA ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; CROSS-LINKING; PROTEIN; RNA; 5-BROMOURACIL; DNA; DERIVATIVES; SELECTION; LIGANDS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB High sensitivity and specificity of two modified ssDNA aptamers capable of photocross-linking recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF((115))) were demonstrated. The aptamers were identified through a novel, covalent, in vitro selection methodology called photochemical systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (PhotoSELEX). The aptamers exhibited high sensitivity for bFGF((115)) comparable with commercially available ELISA monoclonal antibodies with an absolute sensitivity of at least 0.058 ppt bFGF((115)) under prevailing test conditions. The aptamers exquisitely distinguished bFGF((115)) from consanguine proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). A commercially viable diagnostic system incorporating PhotoSELEX-evolved aptamers capable of simultaneous quantification of a large number of analyte molecules is also described. Such a system benefits from covalent bonding of aptamer to target protein allowing vigorous washing with denaturants to improve signal to noise. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NeXstar, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Koch, TH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 29 TC 92 Z9 102 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD AUG 25 PY 2000 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0168-1656(00)00290-X PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 354NJ UT WOS:000089336300009 PM 10989176 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Su, W Hazel, J Grant, JT Tsukruk, VV Cooper, TM Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, H Su, W Hazel, J Grant, JT Tsukruk, VV Cooper, TM Bunning, TJ TI Electrostatic self-assembly of sulfonated C-60-porphyrin complexes on chitosan thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); polymers; surface structure; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ID POLYPEPTIDE-DYE MULTILAYERS; CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES; ULTRATHIN FILMS; BEHAVIOR; ADSORPTION; POLYMERS; SURFACES; PORPHYRIN; BUILDUP AB Sulfonatcd C-60, 5,10,15,20-tetra kis 4-[meso-tetra-methyl (4-pyridinyl)] porphyrin (C-60(SO3-)(n)-TMePyP4+) complex films have been prepared by electrostatic self-assembly of each chromophore from solution. When these complex films are formed on a thin film of chitosan polymer, the stacked bilayer films exhibit nearly twice the absorption as those prepared on conventional silanized substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements disclose a strong interaction between the C-60(SO3-)(n) and TMePyP4+. Atomic force microscopy results of the surface morphology, hardness, and the chemical functionality are used to explain the differences between substrate treatments. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Co, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 22 PY 2000 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01033-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 353HY UT WOS:000089269800013 ER PT J AU Arnold, S Viggiano, AA Seeley, JV AF Arnold, S Viggiano, AA Seeley, JV TI New instrument for measuring ion-molecule kinetics at elevated pressures: The turbulent ion flow tube (TIFT). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Chem, Oakland, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 147-PHYS BP U177 EP U177 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300965 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Brown, MS Fiechtner, GJ Gord, JR AF Bunker, CE Brown, MS Fiechtner, GJ Gord, JR TI Physical and structural properties of jet fuels studied at high- and low-temperature extremes using laser-based diagnostic methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 72-PETR BP U149 EP U149 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300816 ER PT J AU Corporan, E Minus, DK AF Corporan, E Minus, DK TI Pyrolytic deposition characteristics of JP-7 and JP-8 fuels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, AFRL, PRSF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 61-PETR BP U147 EP U148 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300805 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Thiesing, NC Feld, WA Venkatasubramanian, N Cerbus, CA Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Thiesing, NC Feld, WA Venkatasubramanian, N Cerbus, CA Arnold, FE TI Triarylphosphine oxide based benzazole polymers for potential space applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 111-POLY BP U272 EP U272 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301510 ER PT J AU Das, GP Dudis, DS Yeates, AT AF Das, GP Dudis, DS Yeates, AT TI Comparison of ab initio and AM1 two-photon absorption coefficients of selected organic molecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Wright Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 164-COMP BP U301 EP U301 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201615 ER PT J AU Dressler, R Chiu, YH Pullins, S Levandier, D Qian, XM Song, Y Ng, C AF Dressler, R Chiu, YH Pullins, S Levandier, D Qian, XM Song, Y Ng, C TI Collision-induced dissociation of diatomic molecules at high levels of vibrational excitation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 36-PHYS BP U161 EP U161 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300855 ER PT J AU Duan, XFF Alexander, M Yeates, AT Dudis, DS AF Duan, XFF Alexander, M Yeates, AT Dudis, DS TI Polaron reorganization energies accompanying reduction of methylated poly(benzobisthiazoles). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, AFRL MLBP, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 163-COMP BP U301 EP U301 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201614 ER PT J AU Dudis, DS Yeates, AT AF Dudis, DS Yeates, AT TI Concepts and modeling approaches in conjugated materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wright Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 50-COMP BP U284 EP U284 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201501 ER PT J AU Edwards, T AF Edwards, T TI System drivers for high heat sink fuels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 53-PETR BP U146 EP U146 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300797 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME Tam, S DeRose, ME AF Fajardo, ME Tam, S DeRose, ME TI Chemistry and spectroscopy in cryogenic parahydrogen solids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, AFRLPRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 226-PHYS BP U189 EP U189 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301044 ER PT J AU Minus, DK Corporan, E AF Minus, DK Corporan, E TI Concentration changes of combined chemical classes in thermally stressed jet fuel. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, AFRL, PRSF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 63-PETR BP U148 EP U148 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300807 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR AF O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR TI Reductive transformation of halogenated hydrocarbons by green rust. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Air Force Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 294-ENVR BP U362 EP U362 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201916 ER PT J AU Patnaik, SS Pachter, R AF Patnaik, SS Pachter, R TI Molecular simulation study of miscibility in polymer solutions and blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPJ, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 482-PHYS BP U227 EP U227 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301297 ER PT J AU Phelps, DK Bunker, CE Gord, JR AF Phelps, DK Bunker, CE Gord, JR TI Solvatochromic shifts in supercritical fuels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 71-PETR BP U149 EP U149 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300815 ER PT J AU Takekoshi, T Patterson, B Knize, RJ AF Takekoshi, T Patterson, B Knize, RJ TI Optical trapping of ultracold molecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 299-PHYS BP U199 EP U200 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301117 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Zelimer, R Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Zelimer, R Pachter, R TI Polaronic and bipolaronic enhancement of second hyperpolarizabilities in dithienyl polyenes from ab initio quantum methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wright Patterson Air Force Base, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 51-COMP BP U284 EP U284 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201502 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA AF Viggiano, AA TI Ion molecule chemistry at temperature up to 1800 K. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 267-PHYS BP U195 EP U195 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301085 ER PT J AU Williams, S Midey, A Arnold, S Morris, R Viggiano, A Chiu, YH Levandier, D Dressler, R Berman, M AF Williams, S Midey, A Arnold, S Morris, R Viggiano, A Chiu, YH Levandier, D Dressler, R Berman, M TI Electronic, rovibrational, and translational energy effects in ion-alkylbenzene charge-transfer reactions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 410-PHYS BP U216 EP U216 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301228 ER PT J AU Wohlwend, KM Zabarnick, S Binns, KE Grinstead, B AF Wohlwend, KM Zabarnick, S Binns, KE Grinstead, B TI Thermal stability testing of the Baker Flo-XS pipeline drag reducing additive. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, AFRL PRSF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Aerosp Mech Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 67-PETR BP U148 EP U149 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300811 ER PT J AU Yang, SC Brown, R Racicot, R Lin, Y McClarnon, F AF Yang, SC Brown, R Racicot, R Lin, Y McClarnon, F TI Electroactive polymers for corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloys. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 202-POLY BP U285 EP U285 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301601 ER PT J AU Liou, LL Crespo, A AF Liou, LL Crespo, A TI Dielectric optical waveguide coupling analysis using two-dimensional finite-difference in time-domain simulations SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical waveguide coupler; FDTD; spectral analysis ID FDTD AB Wave Coupling in the coupling section of a dielectric optical waveguide is discussed using even- and odd-mode analysis. The dispersion relations of different modes were obtained by solving Maxwell equations. The two-dimensional finite-difference in time-domain method was implemented to solve these equations. The even and odd modes were characterized by applying different excitation sources. A large number of rime steps were taken to reveal the fine structure of the propagation modes. The propagation constants of these modes at the coupling frequency were calculated, and the optical-coupling length was dertermined. The,result is in good agreement with those obtained by the Marcatili method. * (C) 2000 John Wiley St Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 335YP UT WOS:000088275000009 ER PT J AU Crawford, J Davis, D Olson, J Chen, G Liu, S Fuelberg, H Hannan, J Kondo, Y Anderson, B Gregory, G Sachse, G Talbot, R Viggiano, A Heikes, B Snow, J Singh, H Blake, D AF Crawford, J Davis, D Olson, J Chen, G Liu, S Fuelberg, H Hannan, J Kondo, Y Anderson, B Gregory, G Sachse, G Talbot, R Viggiano, A Heikes, B Snow, J Singh, H Blake, D TI Evolution and chemical consequences of lightning-produced NOx observed in the North Atlantic upper troposphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NEW-YORK; NITRIC-ACID; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; CONVECTIVE INJECTION; TROPOPAUSE REGION; DETECTION NETWORK; TROPICAL PACIFIC; HNO3/NOX RATIO; ICE PARTICLES; NITROGEN AB Airborne observations of NO during the Subsonics Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides Experiment (SONEX) reveal episodes of high NOx in the upper troposphere believed to be associated with lightning. Linkage to specific periods of lightning activity is possible through back trajectories and data from the National Lightning Detection Network. Lagrangian model calculations are used to explore the evolution of these high NOx plumes over the 1-2 days between their introduction and subsequent sampling by NASA's DC-8 aircraft. Simulations include expected changes in HNO3, H2O2, CH3OOH, HO2, and OH. Depending on the time of injection and dilution rate, initial NOx concentrations are estimated to range from 1 to 7 ppbv. Similar to many previous studies, simulated HNO3 concentrations tend to be greater than observations. Several possible explanations for this difference are explored. H2O2 observations are shown to be consistent with removal in convective activity. While it is possible that upper tropospheric CH3OOH is enhanced by convection, simulations show such increases in CH3OOH can be short-lived (e.g., < 12 hours) with no perceptible trace remaining at the time of sampling. High NO levels further prevent elevated levels of CH3OOH from propagating into increases in H2O2. HO2 is suppressed through reaction with NO in all cases. Simulated increases in OH exceeded a factor of 2 for some cases, but for the highest NOx levels, loss of OH via OH+NO2 offset production from HO2+NO. Additional increases in OH of 30-60% could result from convection of CH3OOH. A final point of discussion concerns how the chemistry within these plumes, their long-range transport, and their potential importance in sustaining background NOx far from source regions present a challenge to global and regional model simulations. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi, Japan. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03820 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Crawford, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM j.h.crawford@larc.nasa.gov RI Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013 OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934 NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D15 BP 19795 EP 19809 DI 10.1029/2000JD900183 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347LG UT WOS:000088930600005 ER PT J AU Gurevich, AV Carlson, HC Milikh, GM Zybin, KP Djuth, FT Groves, K AF Gurevich, AV Carlson, HC Milikh, GM Zybin, KP Djuth, FT Groves, K TI Suprathermal electrons generated by the interaction of powerful radio wave with the ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR TURBULENCE AB We present two sets of observations of suprathermal electrons, produced by the interaction of powerful radio wave with the ionosphere, as seen using the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) technique. The observational data are compared with the theory of multiple acceleration of electrons in the strongly excited resonance region near the reflection point of the powerful radio wave. The structure of the wide perturbed region filled with energetic (10-20) eV electrons is determined. The size of this region along the Earth magnetic field is shown to be 100 km. The full power going to the accelerated particles is determined: it is 6-8 kW or (4-6)% of the entire HF radiated power. The power carried by the suprathermal electrons flux escaping into magnetosphere is of the order 1 kW. C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Geosp Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBI, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gurevich, AV (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninsky Prospect 53, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Zybin, Kirill/K-8619-2015; Gurevich, Aleksandr/K-8668-2015 OI Gurevich, Aleksandr/0000-0003-1125-9774 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2461 EP 2464 DI 10.1029/2000GL003770 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 344QZ UT WOS:000088771500028 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Hoelscher, JE Sherriff, RE Harris, MT Callahan, MJ AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Hoelscher, JE Sherriff, RE Harris, MT Callahan, MJ TI Time-resolved photoluminescence lifetime measurements of the Gamma(5) and Gamma(6) free excitons in ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy at 2 K was used to measure the radiative recombination lifetime of the allowed (Gamma(5)) and forbidden (Gamma(6)) free excitons in ZnO. The measurements were made on a sample containing internal strain, which altered the sample symmetry, and resulted in relaxed selection rules, allowing the Gamma(6) exciton to be observed. A radiative recombination lifetime of 259 ps was measured for the Gamma(5) exciton and 245 ps for the Gamma(6) exciton. The decay of the free excitons was of single-exponential form, and the decay times were obtained using a least-squares fit of the data. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)00316-9]. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 7 TC 122 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 4 BP 2152 EP 2153 DI 10.1063/1.1305546 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 344WR UT WOS:000088783800072 ER PT J AU Cartwright, KL Verboncoeur, JP Birdsall, CK AF Cartwright, KL Verboncoeur, JP Birdsall, CK TI Loading and injection of Maxwellian distributions in particle simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSSED-FIELD GAP; CIRCUIT SOLUTION; PLASMA; TRANSITION; CODES AB Existing and new particle loading and injection algorithms for particle simulations are analyzed to determine numerical accuracy and computational efficiency. Emphasis has been placed on loading and emission of Maxwellian, drifting Maxwellian, and cutoff Maxwellian velocity distributions. Once a velocity distribution has been inverted for loading or injection, time-centering of the position and velocity is necessary in order to maintain second-order accuracy. Here, the accuracy of these methods is determined and compared to three analytic test cases with spatially varying, time-dependent, and time-independent electric fields in a homogeneous magnetic field and a self-consistent crossed-field diode. The initial push is shown to be important in calculating the correct electric field at the boundary where particles are injected, in relaxing constraints on the time step, and in providing reliable field fluctuations due to particle statistics. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Res Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cartwright, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 162 IS 2 BP 483 EP 513 DI 10.1006/jcph.2000.6549 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 343LL UT WOS:000088703800009 ER PT J AU Tabib-Azar, M LeClair, SR AF Tabib-Azar, M LeClair, SR TI Applications of evanescent microwave probes in gas and chemical sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE microwave sensors; hydrogen detection; evanescent microwave; local probes AB Gas sensing using local probes, such as atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes (STM), enables accurate measurement and detection of very small quantities of gas molecules and chemicals. Here we report a unique application of the evanescent microwave probes (EMP) in detecting hydrogen. The EMP imaging has previously been applied to mapping resistivity and other non-uniformities in a variety of materials including metals, insulators, semiconductors (both organic and inorganic), composites, and biological specimens. The EMP detects the microwave resistivity of the sample and it has an exponential sensitivity to distance and thickness variations. The EMP was used to detect deflections in a Pd-coated cantilever and to quantify the amount of stress and the resistivity change in the Pd film as a function of hydrogen concentration. The stress was in the range of 5.26-8.59 X 10(7) Pa for H-2, concentrations of 0.5-1.4% at room temperature, which is about three times larger than that found in the bulk Pd for the same range of H-2 concentrations. The Pd film's resistivity changed by 13.5% at 3.0% H-2 concentration and 18% change in the EMP signal was observed. The EMP with an appropriate frequency can also be used to resonantly detect various physi-absorbed molecules at the surface of an appropriate material as well. We discuss these possibilities along with some specific experimental data. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabib-Azar, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Appl Phys, Room 517,Glennan Bldg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00391-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 340UH UT WOS:000088553000014 ER PT J AU Henshaw, TL Manke, GC Madden, TJ Berman, MR Hager, GD AF Henshaw, TL Manke, GC Madden, TJ Berman, MR Hager, GD TI A new energy transfer chemical laser at 1.315 mu m SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NCL(A(1)DELTA); KINETICS; IODINE; SYSTEM; STATES; NCL AB CW laser action has been demonstrated on the electronic I*(P-2(1/2)) --> I(P-2(3/2)) transition of atomic iodine at 1.315 mu m from the NCl (a(1)Delta) + I(P-2(3/2)) energy transfer reaction. The stimulated emission was generated in a transverse subsonic flow device when hydrogen azide, HN3, was injected into a flow of iodine and chlorine atoms. The measured laser output power was 180 mW. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DELC, AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Gas & Chem Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Henshaw, TL (reprint author), DELC, AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Gas & Chem Lasers Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2000 VL 325 IS 5-6 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00687-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 341VX UT WOS:000088612600010 ER PT J AU Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Ustinov, VM Maleev, NA Zhukov, AE Kovsh, AR Maximov, MV Volovik, BV Alferov, ZI Bimberg, D AF Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Ustinov, VM Maleev, NA Zhukov, AE Kovsh, AR Maximov, MV Volovik, BV Alferov, ZI Bimberg, D TI InAs-InGaAs quantum dot VCSELs on GaAs substrates emitting at 1.3 mu m SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; DECOMPOSITION; EMISSION AB Pulsed lasing at 1.31 mu m via the exciton ground state is demonstrated for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers containing three uncoupled sheets of InAs quantum dot active layers. The structures are grown directly on GaAs substrates and when fabricated include selectively oxidised AlO current apertures, intracavity metal contacts, and AlO/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. Experimental devices operate pulsed at room temperature with threshold currents below 2mA and differential slope efficiencies above 40%. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Solid State Phys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 P St B640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Maleev, Nikolay/D-7873-2014; Maximov, Mikhail/A-8562-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; NR 14 TC 200 Z9 202 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 16 BP 1384 EP 1385 DI 10.1049/el:20000988 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 344MJ UT WOS:000088762800035 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL TI An analysis of the effect of continuous nucleation and coalescence on cavitation during hot tension testing SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE cavitation; cavity nucleation; growth; coalescence; plastic deformation ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; CAVITY COALESCENCE; COPPER ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; GROWTH AB A numerical model which treats continuous nucleation, growth, and coalescence of cavities was developed to describe the ductile failure of metals during superplastic and conventional hot deformation processes. The evolution of the fraction of coalesced cavities and the average cavity size as a function of strain were the principal model predictions. For typical material properties, it was found that cavity coalescence begins at low cavity volume fractions (similar to 1%), independent of the individual, isolated cavity growth rate and the cavity nucleation rate N. The true strain epsilon(CB) at which coalescence begins was determined; above this strain, the fraction of coalesced cavities depended only on the difference (epsilon-epsilon(CB)) and was independent of N. In addition, a relation to describe the evolution of the average cavity radius as a function of strain: the individual cavity growth rate, and the cavity volume fraction was derived from the numerical simulations and compared with published cavitation measurements. This comparison revealed that the model predictions provide a lower-bound estimate of the actual kinetics, primarily because of the assumption of a constant, steady state nucleation rate. It was also established that an upper-bound to the cavity growth behavior is obtained by assuming a pre-existing cavity array without continuous nucleation. (C) 2000 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Silver & Baryte Ores Min Co SA, Athens 10672, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), Silver & Baryte Ores Min Co SA, 21A Amerikis Str, Athens 10672, Greece. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 48 IS 13 BP 3441 EP 3450 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00145-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352CL UT WOS:000089196900015 ER PT J AU Sankaran, KK Perez, R Jata, KV AF Sankaran, KK Perez, R Jata, KV TI Fitting corrosion and fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID 2024-T3 C1 Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sankaran, KK (reprint author), Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 158 IS 2 BP 53 EP 54 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 340QR UT WOS:000088546500009 ER PT J AU Luker, JJ Bowersox, RDW Buter, TA AF Luker, JJ Bowersox, RDW Buter, TA TI Influence of curvature-driven favorable pressure gradient on supersonic turbulent boundary layer SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE CURVATURE; SHORT REGIONS; DILATATION; FLOW AB The influence of a wall curvature-driven favorable pressure gradient on the turbulent and mean flow properties of a Mach 2.9 boundary layer (Re-x = 1.23 x 10(7)) were investigated using laser Doppler velocimetry. A zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer (Re-x = 1.35 X 10(7)) was also mapped for comparative purposes. In addition to the typical mean and turbulent statistical properties, the data in this study were acquired with the specific goal of resolving the mean strain rates in all three coordinate directions; these data allowed for measurement of the extra Reynolds shear-stress production terms. The maximum magnitude of the distortion was 0.1, which indicated that the pressure gradient was strong. The expected stabilizing effect on the turbulence intensities was observed. Near the wall, the kinematic Reynolds shear stresses were reduced by approximately 75%. Above gamma/delta approximate to 0.4 the favorable pressure gradient induced a negative Reynolds shear stress, whereas the main strain rate remained positive. The reduced shear-stress levels were attributed to negative overall production and the nse of a body-intrinsic coordinate system for data collection. C1 USAF, San Antonio Air Logist Ctr, Kelly AFB, TX 78241 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Luker, JJ (reprint author), USAF, San Antonio Air Logist Ctr, Kelly AFB, TX 78241 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1351 EP 1359 DI 10.2514/2.1134 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 339WU UT WOS:000088501500006 ER PT J AU Burnley, VS Culick, FEC AF Burnley, VS Culick, FEC TI Influence of random excitations on acoustic instabilities in combustion chambers SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS AB Although flows in combustors contain considerable noise, arising from several kinds of sources, there is a sound basis for treating organized oscillations as distinct motions. That has been an essential assumption incorporated in virtually all treatments of combustion instabilities. However, certain characteristics of the organized or deterministic motions seem to have the nature of stochastic processes. For example, the amplitudes in Limit cycles always exhibit a random character, and even the occurrence of instabilities seems occasionally to possess some statistical features. Analysis of nonlinear coherent motions in the presence of stochastic sources is, therefore, an important part of the theory. We report a few results for organized oscillations in the presence of noise. The most significant deficiency is that, because of the low level of current understanding, the stochastic sources of noise are modeled in ad hoc fashion and are not founded on a solid physical basis appropriate to combustion chambers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Burnley, VS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1403 EP 1410 DI 10.2514/2.1116 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 339WU UT WOS:000088501500012 ER PT J AU Poggie, J AF Poggie, J TI Modeling the propagation of a shock wave through a glow discharge SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PLASMAS AB Several well-known analytical solutions of the equations of gasdynamics and magnetogasdynamics were used to study the relative importance of exothermic reactions, axial temperature variation, and the magnetic field in the glow discharge tube experiments of Ganguly et al. (Physics Letters A, Vol. 230, 1997, pp. 218-222). In these experiments a spark was generated at one end of a tube of low-pressure argon gas, and the resulting shock pulse was allowed to propagate through a glow discharge. With the presence of the weakly ionized, nonequilibrium plasma, an acceleration and weakening of the shock pulse were observed, along with an apparent splitting of the shock. Of the three mechanisms addressed here thermal nonuniformity appears to have the most influence on the experimental results. A detonation model fan probably be ruled out for two reasons. First, insufficient energy is available from electron-ion recombination reactions to drive the detonation. Second, the detonation model predicts an increase in shock density ratio with increasing heat release, in contrast to the apparent drop seen in the experiments. In a similar manner an ideal magnetohydrodynamic shock model can probably be ruled out for lack of adequate electrical conductivity and of a sufficiently strong magnetic field. This conclusion does not, however, exclude other electromagnetic phenomena, and the issue of the apparent shock splitting has not been addressed here. A combination of careful temperature measurements and numerical simulations is required to determine whether the experimental observations can be explained completely by thermal effects or physics inherent to the plasma are significant in these experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, AFRL,VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, AFRL,VAAC, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1411 EP 1418 DI 10.2514/2.1117 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 339WU UT WOS:000088501500013 ER PT J AU Kapania, RK Liu, YH AF Kapania, RK Liu, YH TI Static and vibration analyses of general wing structures using equivalent-p late models (vol 38, pg 1269, 2000) SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Kapania, RK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1495 EP 1495 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 339WU UT WOS:000088501500024 ER PT J AU Whaley, DA Attfield, MD Bedillion, EJ Walter, KM Yi, QL AF Whaley, DA Attfield, MD Bedillion, EJ Walter, KM Yi, QL TI Regression method to estimate provisional TLV/WEEL-equivalents for non-carcinogens SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE TLV; WEEL; exposure criterion; regression; toxicity estimates; exposure limits ID THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES; EXPOSURE AB There is a huge and changing number of chemicals in commerce for which workplace exposure criteria have not been assigned. Assigning an exposure criterion by an expert committee is resource-intensive-not soon available for the large majority of chemicals in current use, In the absence of assigned criteria, we have provided a regression method to estimate a first-screen estimate of a 'TLV/WEEL-equivalent' inhalation time-weighted average exposure criterion for a pure chemical (or chemical group) from a measure of a non-stochastic toxic exposure to elicit a chronic or sub-chronic health effect, known as a lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) or a (highest) no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL), Results are presented for six data sets for which both a threshold limit value (TLV) or workplace environmental exposure level (WEEL) exposure criterion is presently assigned, and a LOAEL or NOAEL, measure of toxic health effect was available from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System data base. The results can be applied as a first estimate of exposure to substances for which no TLV or WEEL (TLV/WEEL) exists, and also serve as a mechanism for identifying substances for potential re-evaluation of their exposure limit, based on their relative position about the prediction models, (C) 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Ind Management Syst Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. GE Power Syst, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. OO ALC EMC, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostat, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Whaley, DA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Ind Management Syst Engn, POB 6070, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 44 IS 5 BP 361 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S0003-4878(99)00108-8 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 340YK UT WOS:000088564100005 PM 10930500 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR AF Steinhubl, SR TI Antiplatelet agents in cardiology: The choice of therapy SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Roundtable Meeting on Managing the Patient Receiving Platelet Inhibitors in Cardiac Surgery CY JAN 22-23, 1999 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS ID PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA; THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; ASPIRIN; TICLOPIDINE; CLOPIDOGREL; ANGIOPLASTY; ENALAPRIL AB Background The platelet-rich, intracoronary thrombus is central to the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarctions, unstable angina, and the majority of complications of percutaneous coronary interventions. Until recently, aspirin was the only antiplatelet agent available to help prevent or treat these events. Over the past several years, there has been a substantial expansion in our antiplatelet armamentarium as well as in our understanding of the clinical importance of antiplatelet therapy in limiting the complications of intracoronary thrombosis. Because of this, it is likely that over the coming years, the use of antiplatelet therapies will continue to expand, and it may not be unusual for a surgeon to encounter a patient being treated with two or even three platelet inhibitors. Conclusions. This review will highlight the benefits and limitations of the currently available antiplatelet regimens: aspirin, thienopyridines (ticlopidine and clopidogrel), and the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. (Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:S3-8) (C) 2000 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 70 IS 2 SU S BP S3 EP S8 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01608-8 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 347MX UT WOS:000088934700002 PM 10966004 ER PT J AU Strakey, PA Talley, DG Sankar, SV Bachalo, WD AF Strakey, PA Talley, DG Sankar, SV Bachalo, WD TI Phase-Doppler interferometry with probe-to-droplet size ratios less than unity. I. Trajectory Errors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Phase-Doppler interferometry in which a probe volume that is much smaller than the droplets being measured has been shown to work well when coupled with a phase-ratio and intensity-validation scheme that is capable of eliminating trajectory-dependent scattering errors. With ray-tracing and geometric-optics models, the type and magnitude of trajectory errors were demonstrated quantitatively through stochastic trajectory calculations. Measurements with monodispersed water droplet streams and glass beads were performed to validate the model calculations and to characterize the probe volume. Scattered-light intensity has also been shown to provide a robust means of determining the probe cross-sectional area, which is critical for making accurate mass flux measurements. OCIS codes: 120.3180, 120.4640, 120.5050. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Strakey, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSA, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM peter_strakey@ple.af.mil NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 22 BP 3875 EP 3886 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003875 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 338MZ UT WOS:000088425000009 PM 18349964 ER PT J AU Strakey, PA Talley, DG Sankar, SV Bachalo, WD AF Strakey, PA Talley, DG Sankar, SV Bachalo, WD TI Phase-Doppler interferometry with probe-to-droplet size ratios less than unity. II. Application of the technique SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Practical limitations associated with the use of small probe volumes with respect to the droplet size that is being measured by the phase-Doppler interferometry technique are discussed. An intensity validation scheme and corresponding probe volume correction factor have been developed that reject trajectory errors and account for the rejections in calculation of the probe cross-sectional area. The intensity-validation scheme also provides a tractable method of setting the photomultiplier tube gain and laser power. Volume flux measurements in dilute sprays have shown a significant improvement over those made by standard phase-Doppler interferometry techniques at small beam waist/droplet size ratios. OCIS codes: 120.3180,120.4640, 120.5050. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Strakey, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSA, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM peter_strakey@ple.af.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 22 BP 3887 EP 3893 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003887 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 338MZ UT WOS:000088425000010 PM 18349965 ER PT J AU Self, BP Greenwald, RM Pflaster, DS AF Self, BP Greenwald, RM Pflaster, DS TI A biomechanical analysis of a medial unloading brace for osteoarthritis in the knee SO ARTHRITIS CARE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE knee brace; osteoarthritis; varus moment; valgus force AB Objectives. The goals of the study were to measure the force applied to the lateral side of the knee by a valgus loading brace designed for patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) and to compare the varus moment at the knee during level gait with and without the brace. Methods. Five subjects diagnosed with medial compartment OA were fitted with a custom Monarch valgus loading knee brace. A 3-dimensional video-based motion analysis system and force plate information were used to calculate forces and moments at the knee. An instrumented condylar bladder was used to determine the force applied to the knee by the brace. The varus moments for the braced and unbraced trials were compared during gait at 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of stance. Results. The Monarch brace significantly reduced the varus moment at 20% and 25% of stance. The valgus force measured with the custom condylar bladder remained fairly constant through out the first 80% of the stance phase. Conclusions. The reduced varus moment observed for the braced condition demonstrates the biomechanical function of the brace in 5 subjects and may contribute to a reduction of pain for patients with medial compartment OA. C1 Orthoped Biomech Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Orthoped LLC, Vista, CA USA. RP Self, BP (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ, DFEM, 2354 Fairchild Hall,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 12 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-7524 J9 ARTHRIT CARE RES JI Arthritis Care Res. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(200008)13:4<191::AID-ANR3>3.0.CO;2-C PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 402YP UT WOS:000167016000003 PM 14635273 ER PT J AU Gardner, RA Kruyer, WB Pickard, JS Celio, PV AF Gardner, RA Kruyer, WB Pickard, JS Celio, PV TI Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 193 US military aviators: Long-term follow-up SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aerospace medicine; electrocardiography; arrhythmia; electrocardiography; ambulatory; tachycardia; ventricular; follow-up studies; military personnel; prognosis ID HEART-DISEASE; SUDDEN-DEATH; ARRHYTHMIAS; ECTOPY; MEN AB Background: Despite its importance to the aeromedical community, the occupational implications of asymptomatic, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are not well described. We sought to clarify this issue via a review of military aviators evaluated for nonsustained VT by defining event rates for sudden cardiac death, syncope, presyncope and sustained VT, and by determining whether any cofactors predicted a subgroup at increased risk for such outcomes. Methods: We reviewed the records of 193 military aviators evaluated at the U.S. Air Force Aeromedical Consultation Service for nonsustained VT from September 1960 to December 1992. Follow-up information was available on 192 of the 193 aviators over a mean of 10.6 yr. Cofactor analysis focused on idiopathic VT (no associated underlying cardiac disease) and VT associated with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Results: There was no documented sustained VT; 9 (4.6%) had events including syncope (1), presyncope (5) and sudden death (3). Of these 9, 4 had idiopathic VT. The 3 deaths were associated with coronary artery disease, MVP and cardiomyopathy. No cofactors predicted events in aviators initially presenting with asymptomatic nonsustained VT. For asymptomatic nonsustained VT, the maximum predicted annual event rate was 0.33% for idiopathic VT and 2.3% for VT with MVP (95% confidence limit). Conclusions: Nonsustained VT did not predict future documented sustained VT. Cofactors failed to predict a subgroup at increased risk for events. Idiopathic nonsustained VT appeared to be a low risk population for whom expanded waiver criteria are proposed with suggested limits on duration and number of episodes of VT. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AFCI, Internal Med Branch,Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kruyer, WB (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AFCI, Internal Med Branch,Aeromed Consultat Serv, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 783 EP 790 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 341HW UT WOS:000088585800003 PM 10954354 ER PT J AU Gallimore, JJ Patterson, FR Brannon, NG Nalepka, JP AF Gallimore, JJ Patterson, FR Brannon, NG Nalepka, JP TI The opto-kinetic cervical reflex during formation flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE formation flight; field of view; opto-kinetic cervical reflex; visual cues ID AVIATION SPATIAL ORIENTATION; HEAD POSITION; AIRCRAFT; PILOTS AB Background: Weather formation flight is a difficult task prone to episodes of spatial disorientation. Therefore, investigation of sensory reflexes under these conditions is critical. Recent studies have shown that the opto-kinetic cervical reflex (OKCR) occurs during VMC flight conditions and serves to establish the horizon retinal image as a stabilized primary visual-spatial cue. The purpose of this research was to investigate the OKCR and field of view (FOV) during formation flight under VMC and IMC. Hypotheses: During VMC tasks pilots will align their heads with the visible horizon, but not under IMC. As FOV is decreased, there will be a significant reduction in OKCR-induced head movement. Methods: There were 2 experiments conducted in which a total of 26 pilots completed simulated flight tasks in a stationary dome. Head tilt was examined as a function of aircraft bank with unrestricted FOV in Experiment I. Experiment II examined head tilt under three FOV conditions (40 degrees, 60 degrees and 100 degrees circular). Results: During VMC maneuvers pilots exhibited significant OKCR. There were no differences in head tilt between Solo Figure 8 and Formation Figure 8 VMC conditions. Pilots did not tilt their heads under IMC Formation Flight. FOV did not significantly affect the OKCR. Conclusions: Pilots exhibit the OKCR during Formation and Solo VMC tasks. However, the OKCR is reduced when compared with low level navigation tasks, indicating a difference in the visual cues between tasks. Pilots do not exhibit OKCR during IMC flight; therefore, the OKCR will have an impact on formation Rights in and out of clouds leading to sensory conflicts caused by repeated realignment of visual and vestibular systems. C1 Wright State Univ, WAVE Lab, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Russ Engn Ctr 207, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USN, Aeromed Res Lab, NAS Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gallimore, JJ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, WAVE Lab, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Russ Engn Ctr 207, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 812 EP 821 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 341HW UT WOS:000088585800007 PM 10954358 ER PT J AU Hankins, TC Webb, JT Neddo, GC Pilmanis, AA Mehm, WJ AF Hankins, TC Webb, JT Neddo, GC Pilmanis, AA Mehm, WJ TI Test and evaluation of exercise-enhanced preoxygenation in U-2 operations SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DCS; decompression sickness; reconnaissance; operational exercise; preoxygenation; prebreathe; denitrogenation; cycle ergometry ID TISSUE NITROGEN ELIMINATION; DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS AB Background: Preoxygenation to prevent decompression sickness (DCS) during U-2 reconnaissance flights requires considerable time and occasionally does not provide adequate protection. Increasing preoxygenation within a practical period of time provides marginally increased protection and is not always operationally feasible. Including exercise during preoxygenation to increase muscle tissue perfusion, cardiac output, and ventilation can improve the quality of the denitrogenation. Methods: A pilot, who reported two cases of DCS during his first 25 U-2 high flights involving cabin altitudes of 29,000-30,000 ft, volunteered to test exercise-enhanced preoxygenation. He performed 10 min of strenuous upper and lower body exercise at the beginning of preoxygenation prior to subsequent high flights without increasing total preoxygenation time. Results: The exercise was performed at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake based on the estimated maximal oxygen uptake determined during an Air Force aerobic fitness test and heart rate. The pilot's next 36 high flights, using exercise-enhanced preoxygenation, were completed with no reports of DCS. Conclusions: This statistically significant operational test reinforced the laboratory studies. Implementation of this procedure for reducing DCS in susceptible U-2 pilots and collecting additional data from the U-2 pilot population is recommended. C1 MDG SGP 9th, Aerosp Med, Beale AFB, CA 95903 USA. Wyle Labs, Brooks AFB, TX USA. 99th REconnaissance Squadron, Beale AFB, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. 9th Physiol Support Squadron, Beale AFB, CA USA. RP Hankins, TC (reprint author), MDG SGP 9th, Aerosp Med, Beale AFB, CA 95903 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 822 EP 826 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 341HW UT WOS:000088585800008 PM 10954359 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JP AF Mitchell, JP TI Guideline implementation in the Department of Defense SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE clinical practice guideline; condition management; disease management program ID CARE AB To improve the effectiveness of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), four other components of implementation are necessary. Together, they impressively optimize the process and outcomes of health care, and reduce undesirable variation of care. Aside from CPGs, the four components help make up a successful, long-term, facility-wide, comprehensive disease-management program. First, executive clinical and administrative leaders need to create the expectation and reveal hands-on commitment. Second, work-simplification tools are needed to accomplish the tasks more effectively and to encourage a path of least resistance. Third, useful, accurate metrics are needed to provide feedback for patients and health-care providers who need the most assistance. These metrics must be easily obtained, disseminated in near-real time, patient-specific, anonymous to others, and penalty free. Fourth, and most important, with nonmonetary compensation, this review addresses the question, "What's in it for all the passionate people who assist in the delivery of health care?". C1 USAF, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Mitchell, JP (reprint author), USAF, 60MDOS-SGOMP,101 Bodin Circle,Suite 1C508, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2000 VL 118 IS 2 SU S BP 65S EP 69S DI 10.1378/chest.118.2_suppl.65S PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 346NW UT WOS:000088878800012 PM 10940003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, TJ Farmer, JC AF McLaughlin, TJ Farmer, JC TI Resuscitation access and assessment: Recurring themes of the intraosseous route SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE intraosseous; blood gas; hypothermia; pH; PCO2 ID BONE-MARROW; INFUSION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP McLaughlin, TJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 28 IS 8 BP 3109 EP 3110 DI 10.1097/00003246-200008000-00087 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 346JM UT WOS:000088867300084 PM 10966319 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, S Talley, D Kereiakes, DJ Braden, GA Tcheng, JE Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Berger, PB Topol, EJ AF Steinhubl, S Talley, D Kereiakes, DJ Braden, GA Tcheng, JE Casterella, PJ Moliterno, DJ Berger, PB Topol, EJ TI The level of platelet inhibition maintained with a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor following coronary intervention is strongly associated with the risk of a post-procedural MACE: results of the GOLD study SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Cardiol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Lindner Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Cardiol, Durham, NC USA. Scripps Clin & Res Fdn, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiol, Rochester, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2000 VL 21 SU S MA 917 BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 351BR UT WOS:000089136600571 ER PT J AU Ridker, PM Rifai, N Miles, JS Downs, JR Clearfield, M Gotto, AM Cook, TJ Langendorfer, A Beere, PA AF Ridker, PM Rifai, N Miles, JS Downs, JR Clearfield, M Gotto, AM Cook, TJ Langendorfer, A Beere, PA TI Relation between baseline C-reactive protein levels and risk of acute major coronary events in the Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Fort Worth, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2000 VL 21 SU S MA 2728 BP 496 EP 496 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 351BR UT WOS:000089136601929 ER PT J AU Oda, H Shibuya, H Hsu, V AF Oda, H Shibuya, H Hsu, V TI Palaeomagnetic records of the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition from ODP Leg 124 (Celebes and Sulu seas) SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earth's core; geomagnetic reversals; magnetite; marine sediments; ocean drilling ID GEOMAGNETIC REVERSAL PATHS; OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM; REMANENCE ACQUISITION; PALEOMAGNETIC RECORDS; MAGNETIC REVERSAL; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; LAVA FLOWS; FIELD; DECONVOLUTION; CLIMATE AB Palaeomagnetic records of the Brunhes/Matuyama geomagnetic polarity transition were obtained from deep-sea sediments of ODP Leg 124 in the Celebes and Sulu seas. Advanced piston core (APC) samples with high magnetization intensities (2-200 mA m(-1)) and high sedimentation rates (8.4-10 cm kyr(-1)) were recovered from this cruise. Rock-magnetic measurements revealed the carrier of the remanence to be nearly pure magnetite in the pseudo-single-domain range. Pass-through measurements at intervals of 5 mm on APC cores across the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition for Holes 767B, 769A and 769B were deconvolved with the magnetometer sensor response using the ABIC-minimizing method. Discrete samples were also taken from the polarity transition zones and subjected to either thermal or alternating field stepwise demagnetization. The results were generally consistent with the pass-through data after the deconvolution. Results from the three holes are in good agreement, particularly those from the two holes 100 m apart at Site 769. The transitional VGP paths from these two holes show two small loops near New Zealand before the equator is crossed. The VGPs continue to swing eastwards to the North Atlantic and then move to the northeastern margin of the Pacific Ocean. The positions of the VGP loops obtained from Site 769 are different from the VGP clusters obtained from both the known volcanic records and the sediment records at the Boso Peninsula and the North Atlantic sites with high sedimentation rates. Such a difference may imply the predominance of the non-dipole field during the transition. Relatively stable mid-high northern latitude VGPs are recognized on all three cores just after the reversal, lasting about 4000 years. The plot of relative intensity versus VGP latitude for the sediment records from the North Atlantic (DSDP Hole 609B) shows a remarkable similarity with our records. Similar patterns were also obtained for the plot of the palaeointensity versus VGP latitude for the La Palma volcanic lava records. These results may suggest the existence of a metastable state of the geodynamo, producing a zonal component just after the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, which may have played a role in the change of the field intensity. C1 Geol Survey Japan, Marine Geol Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Kumamoto Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Geol Survey Japan, Marine Geol Dept, 1-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. EM hoda@gsj.go.jp; shibuya@sci.kumamoto-u.ac.jp; vindell@rayleigh.tt.aftac.gov RI Shibuya, Hidetoshi/G-2378-2011; OI Shibuya, Hidetoshi/0000-0001-8648-9844; Oda, Hirokuni/0000-0001-7142-9208 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 142 IS 2 BP 319 EP 338 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00130.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 339NG UT WOS:000088482700003 ER PT J AU Drummond, JD AF Drummond, JD TI The D discriminant and near-Earth asteroid streams SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids-orbits; associations; streams; meteors-radiants; meteorites ID H-CHONDRITE STREAM; ORBITAL SIMILARITY; METEORITE; IDENTIFICATION AB A method of separating an association of orbits, a stream, from the local background using the traditional D discriminant is introduced. Applying this procedure to all 708 asteroids with perihelia less than 1.3 AU known on April 22, 1999 suggests that the orbits of Earth-approaching asteroids may be rather organized. By searching the volume around every orbit in the sample space, 14 associations are found with from 4 to 25 members that statistically stand out from the local background. A more traditional search, where orbits are gathered into strings with every orbit connected to at least one other orbit by D < D-c, reveals eight additional three-member strings. Using Poisson statistics seven pairs are identified as having exceptionally similar orbits; three of these pairs are a part of an association or string. On the other hand, comparing the results of a volume search around randomized orbits indicates that perhaps 50 to 75% of these groupings are due to chance, indicating that observational effects may severely affect the background and therefore the reality of the associations that are separated out. The lack of compositional or taxonomic information about most of the 155 asteroids, 22% of the sample, hinders interpretation of the nature of the streams. Of the three associations found in an earlier study (Drummond 1991, Icarus 89, 14-25), only one remains intact as a result of the stricter statistical requirements adopted here. Three of four fireball streams (Halliday et al. 1990, Meteoritics 25, 93-99), previously found to be related to the old associations, can be loosely associated with three of the new associations, but none of the four recovered meteorites with known orbits can be associated with them. Nevertheless, theoretical meteor radiants are listed, all of which are so large and diffuse, and have such slow geocentric velocities, that it is doubtful if visual meteor showers can be linked to the new streams. However, these associations, strings, and pairs of asteroids are good candidates for meteorite sources, especially where organized falls are recognized, since they generally satisfy the immediate dynamical requirements for delivery, namely, gentle geocentric velocities produced by overtaking the Earth around sunset. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Drummond, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2000 VL 146 IS 2 BP 453 EP 475 DI 10.1006/icar.2000.6401 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341NN UT WOS:000088596600011 ER PT J AU Toscano, L AF Toscano, L TI Electronic technical manual development SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In the past, Air Force technical manuals have been stored in libraries containing many volumes of such manuals. This article details the creation and development of an Electronic Technical Manual for the F-16 Analog Test Station Sustainment (FATSS) Project. The manual wilt allow users to search a single CD-ROM to access data on maintenance, operational procedures, self-test, calibration, schematics, and illustrated parts breakdowns. C1 USAF, Software Engn Div TIS, Odgen Air Logist Ctr, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Toscano, L (reprint author), USAF, Software Engn Div TIS, Odgen Air Logist Ctr, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 15 IS 8 BP 22 EP 24 DI 10.1109/62.861769 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 342VQ UT WOS:000088666200005 ER PT J AU Ewart, RA Enoch, M AF Ewart, RA Enoch, M TI Free Space Laser Communications SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Dept Def, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ewart, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Dept Def, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 38 IS 8 BP 124 EP 125 DI 10.1109/MCOM.2000.860862 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 342HU UT WOS:000088639800011 ER PT J AU Vinegar, A Jepson, GW Cisneros, M Rubenstein, R Brock, WJ AF Vinegar, A Jepson, GW Cisneros, M Rubenstein, R Brock, WJ TI Setting safe acute exposure limits for halon replacement chemicals using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; UNCERTAINTY; ANESTHETICS; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; BLOOD AB Most proposed replacements for Halon 1301 as a fire suppressant are halogenated hydrocarbons. The acute toxic endpoint of concern for these agents is cardiac sensitization. An approach is described that links the cardiac endpoint as assessed in dogs to a target arterial concentration in humans. Linkage was made using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Monte Carlo simulations, which account for population variability, were used to establish safe exposure times at different exposure concentrations for Halon 1301 (bromotrifluoromethane), CF3I (trifluoroiodomethane), HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane), HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane), and HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane). Application of the modeling technique described here not only makes use of the conservative cardiac sensitization endpoint, but also uses an understanding of the pharmacokinetics of the chemical agents to better establish standards for safe exposure. The combined application of cardiac sensitization data and physiologically based modeling provides a quantitative approach, which can facilitate the selection and effective use of halon replacement candidates. C1 ManTech Environm Technol Inc, AFRL, HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Great Lakes Chem Corp, W Lafayette, IN USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. DuPont Co, Haskell Lab Toxicol & Ind Med, Newark, DE USA. RP Vinegar, A (reprint author), ManTech Environm Technol Inc, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 12 IS 8 BP 751 EP 763 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 342XB UT WOS:000088670300006 PM 10880155 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Pachter, M Chandler, P Banda, S Rasmussen, S Schumacher, C AF Singh, SN Pachter, M Chandler, P Banda, S Rasmussen, S Schumacher, C TI Input-output invertibility and sliding mode control for close formation flying of multiple UAVs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE formation control; control of UAVs; inverse control; variable structure control; nonlinear system; feedback linearization ID FLIGHT CONTROL; AIRCRAFT AB This paper treats the question of invertibility of input-output maps and the design of a robust control system for formation flying of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In close formation, the wing UAV motion is affected by the vortex of the adjacent lead aircraft. The forces produced by these vortices are complex functions of relative position coordinates of the UAVs. In this paper, these forces are treated as unknown functions. For trajectory tracking, invertibility of certain input-output maps in the wind axes system are examined. Interestingly, in the wind axes system, the system is not invertible, but in a simplified co-ordinate system obtained from the wind axes system for which the velocity roll is zero, inverse control of separation co-ordinates is possible. Variable structure control laws are derived for separation trajectory control of wing aircraft in the simplified wind co-ordinate system and for the flight control of the lead aircraft. Simulation results for two UAVs are presented which show precise separation trajectory control in spite of the presence of unknown vortex forces, while the lead aircraft maneuvers. Furthermore, these results confirm that when the wing aircraft is positioned properly in the vortex of the lead aircraft, there is a reduction in the required flight power. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, VACA, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD AUG PY 2000 VL 10 IS 10 BP 779 EP 797 DI 10.1002/1099-1239(200008)10:10<779::AID-RNC513>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 341BM UT WOS:000088571200003 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA AF Buryachenko, VA TI Internal residual stresses in elastically homogeneous solids: I. Statistically homogeneous stress fluctuations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE ceramics; thermoelastic; particulate media; micro-mechanics; green function; homogenization ID EFFECTIVE ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICS; POLYCRYSTALS AB We consider a linearly elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a homogeneous and statistically uniform random set of ellipsoidal inclusions. The elastic properties of the matrix and the inclusions are the same, but the stress-free strains are different. One obtains the estimation of n-degree moments of stresses averaged over the components. A relation for the statistical stress moments in the matrix in the vicinity of an individual inclusion is also derived. Furthermore one estimates an influence of the fractional composition of the inclusions on the inhomogeneous nature of stress moments inside the inclusions. The expression for the correlation function of stresses is also derived. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Moscow State Univ Engn Ecol, Dept Math, Moscow 107884, Russia. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBC, Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM buryach@aol.com NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 37 IS 31 BP 4185 EP 4210 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00126-2 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 310ZH UT WOS:000086859300001 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA AF Buryachenko, VA TI Internal residual stresses in elastically homogeneous solids: II. Stress fluctuations near a crack tip and effective energy release rate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE ceramics; thermoelastic; crack; energy release rate; micro-mechanics; green function; homogenization ID PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; CERAMIC MATERIALS; MICROCRACKING; FRACTURE; ANISOTROPY; MEDIA AB We consider a linearly elastic composite medium which consists of an homogeneous matrix containing a crack and a homogeneous and statistically uniform random set of ellipsoidal inclusions; the elastic properties of the matrix and the inclusions are the same, but the stress-free strains fluctuate. We obtain the estimation of both the statistical average and the conditional average of stress intensity factors. The relations for the second statistical moments of stresses in the vicinity of the crack tip, averaged over the ensemble realization, are proposed as well. A method for construction of the effective strength surface of matrix composites, according to the properties of their components is developed. The expression for effective energy release rate is also derived. The fracture probabilities of separate components are calculated. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Moscow State Univ Engn Ecol, Dept Math, Moscow 107884, Russia. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBC, Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM buryach@aol.com NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 37 IS 31 BP 4211 EP 4238 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00125-0 PG 28 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 310ZH UT WOS:000086859300002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Hoelscher, JE Sherriff, RE Molnar, RJ AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Hoelscher, JE Sherriff, RE Molnar, RJ TI Strain variation with sample thickness in GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DONOR-BOUND EXCITON; WURTZITE GAN; QUANTUM-WELLS; LAYERS; RECOMBINATION; NITRIDE AB High quality GaN crystals can be grown on sapphire by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The thermal expansion mismatch between sapphire and GaN produces strain in the GaN crystal as it is cooled from the growth temperature to room temperature. The strain is evidenced by shifts in the photoluminescence and reflectance line positions. By analyzing the surface strain as the crystal thickness is increased, the thickness required to obtain zero surface strain can be estimated. This structure might provide a lattice matched and thermally matched substrate for further epitaxial growth of GaN. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)06315-5]. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1460 EP 1463 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)06315-5] DI 10.1063/1.373839 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 334CA UT WOS:000088166500037 ER PT J AU Chornuk, MA Bernard, SL Burns, JW Glenny, RW Sheriff, DD Sinclair, SE Polissar, NL Hlastala, MP AF Chornuk, MA Bernard, SL Burns, JW Glenny, RW Sheriff, DD Sinclair, SE Polissar, NL Hlastala, MP TI Effects of inertial load and countermeasures on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulmonary perfusion; spatial heterogeneity; extended coverage anti-G suit; acceleration ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; BODY POSITION; GRAVITY; PERFUSION; HETEROGENEITY; DOGS; REDISTRIBUTION; MICROSPHERES; DETERMINANT; EXERCISE AB We assessed the influence of cranial-to-caudal inertial force (+G(z)) and the countermeasures of anti-G suit and positive pressure breathing during G (PBG), specifically during +G(z), on regional pulmonary blood flow distribution. Unanesthetized swine were exposed randomly to 9 G, (resting), +3 G(z), +6 G(z), and +9 G(z), with and without anti-G suit and PEG with the use of the Air Force Research Laboratory centrifuge at Brooks Air Force Base (the gravitational force of the Earth, that is, the dorsal-to-ventral inertial force, was present for all runs). Fluorescent microspheres were injected into the pulmonary vasculature as a marker of regional pulmonary blood flow. Lungs were excised, dried, and diced into similar to 2-cm(3) pieces, and the fluorescence of each piece was measured. As +G(z) was increased from 0 to +3 G(z), blood flow shifted from cranial and hilar regions toward caudal and peripheral regions of the lung. This redistribution shifted back toward cranial and hilar regions as anti-G suit inflation pressure increased at +6 and +9 G(z). Perfusion heterogeneity increased with +G(z) stress and decreased at the higher anti-G suit pressures. The distribution of pulmonary blood flow was not affected by PEG. ANOVA indicated anatomic structure as the major determinant of pulmonary blood flow. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Exercise Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Mt Whisper Light Stat Consulting, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Hlastala, MP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Box 356522, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-12174, HL-24163] NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 89 IS 2 BP 445 EP 457 PG 13 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 347LD UT WOS:000088930200010 PM 10926625 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Tate, LM Mason, PA AF Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Tate, LM Mason, PA TI Exercise in the heat is limited by a critical internal temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain; electromagnetic fields; hypothalamus; microwaves; thermoregulation; treadmill ID PROLONGED EXERCISE; MUSCLE METABOLISM; BODY-TEMPERATURE; BRAIN; RATS; PERFORMANCE; STRESS; FATIGUE AB We examined whether fatigue during exertional heat stress occurred at a critical internal temperature independent of the initial temperature at the start of exercise. Microwaves (2.1 GHz; 100 mW/cm(2)) were used to rapidly (3-8 min) heat rats before treadmill exercise to exhaustion. In a repeated-measures design, food-restricted male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 11) were preheated to three levels (low, medium, and high). In addition, two sham exposures, Sham 1 and Sham 2, were administered at the beginning and end of the study, respectively. At the initiation of exercise, hypothalamic (T-hyp) and rectal (T-rec) temperatures ranged from 39.0 degrees C to 42.8 degrees C (T-hyp) and 42.1 degrees C (T-rec). The treadmill speed was 17 m/min (8 degrees grade), and the ambient temperature during exercise was 35 degrees C. Each treatment was separated by 3 wk. Run time to exhaustion was significantly reduced after preheating. There was a significant negative correlation between run time and initial T-hyp and T-rec (r = 0.73 and 0.74, respectively). The temperatures at exhaustion were not significantly different across treatments, with a range of 41.9-42.2 degrees C (T-hyp) and 42.2-42.5 degrees C (T-rec). There were no significant differences in run time in the sham runs administered at the start and end of the investigation. No rats died as a result of exposure to any of the treatments, and body weight the day after each treatment was unaffected. These results support the concept that a critical temperature exists that limits exercise in the heat. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Veridian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Walters, TJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 24 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 89 IS 2 BP 799 EP 806 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 347LD UT WOS:000088930200053 PM 10926668 ER PT J AU Dotan, I Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA AF Dotan, I Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA TI Kinetics of the reactions of N-2(+) with CO2 and SO2 from 300-1400 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; 1400 K; TEMPERATURE; ENERGY; AR+; IONS; 300-K; O-2 AB Rate constants and branching ratios have been measured for the reactions of N-2(+) with CO2 and SO2 in a high-temperature flowing afterglow from 300-1400 K. The rate constants have also been measured as a function of kinetic energy in a selected ion flow drift tube at 298 K for the reaction of N-2(+) with CO2. The rate constants for the reaction of N-2(+) with CO2 in the selected ion flow drift tube (SIFDT) and high temperature flowing afterglow (HTFA) both decrease monotonically with increasing energy. The rate constants at high temperatures have a large fraction of the available energy in internal energy (rotational and vibrational). Compared to the SIFDT rate constants with most of the energy in translation, internal energy hinders the reactivity more than translational energy. The rate constants for the reaction of N-2(+) with SO2 also decrease with increasing energy up to around 0.4 eV. The rate constants increase above 0.4 eV when an endothermic dissociative charge-transfer channel forming SO+ becomes important. Comparing the HTFA results with previous flow drift tube measurements shows that translational, rotational, and vibrational energy affect the reactivity identically at low energy where the SO2+ channel dominates. It appears that N-2(+) vibrational excitation is mainly responsible for the SO+ channel, consistent with a previous study. The results for the N-2(+) reactions are compared to the energetically similar reactions of Ar+ with CO2 and SO2. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)00229-4]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Open Univ Israel, Dept Nat & Life Sci, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Dotan, I (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 5 BP 1732 EP 1737 DI 10.1063/1.481975 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 335XB UT WOS:000088269400009 ER PT J AU Davies, K Gerken, S AF Davies, K Gerken, S TI Charging and ignition of sprayed fuel SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual International Electrical Overstress/Electrostatic Discharge Symposium CY SEP 28-30, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP ESD Assoc, IEEE DE electrostatic charging; sprays; fuel; sparks; ignition; explosion; aircraft; nozzle AB There have been many recorded incidents of aircraft fuel tank ignition. While electrostatic discharges have undoubtedly started fires during fuelling on the ground, the cause of in-flight fuel tank explosions is difficult to establish and attributing these events to static electricity is very controversial. This paper describes an experimental investigation into the charging of isolated objects in a fuel spray representing the practical circumstance of the electrical isolation of pipe clamps from the grounded pipe within the fuel tank. The results, which are presented, show that while charging readily occurs, insufficient charge is retained by the target objects, under the present conditions, even to cause sparking. The influence of fuel conductivity on the balance between the rates of charging and charge leakage from the target is examined. The data shows that while fluids with considerable conductivity may wet the insulating material supporting the target object, the leakage resistance can be high. It is concluded that under certain circumstances, increasing fuel conductivity may, therefore, exacerbate the electrostatic problem. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Markab, Lymington SO41 9BY, Hants, England. USAF, ESD Lab, WL MLSA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Davies, K (reprint author), Markab, Bridge Rd, Lymington SO41 9BY, Hants, England. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 49 IS 3-4 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0304-3886(00)00015-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 345HD UT WOS:000088809800004 ER PT J AU St Cyr, OC Howard, RA Sheeley, NR Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ Paswaters, SE Koomen, MJ Simnett, GM Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Schwenn, R Webb, DF Hildner, E Lamy, PL AF St Cyr, OC Howard, RA Sheeley, NR Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ Paswaters, SE Koomen, MJ Simnett, GM Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Schwenn, R Webb, DF Hildner, E Lamy, PL TI Properties of coronal mass ejections: SOHO LASCO observations from January 1996 to June 1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCONNECTED MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; SOLAR-WIND; SMM OBSERVATIONS; WHITE-LIGHT; FLOW SPEEDS; FLUX ROPE; APRIL 7; EIT; TRANSIENT; EARTH AB We report the properties of all the 841 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 and C3 white-light coronagraphs from January 1996 through June 1998, and we compare those properties to previous observations by other similar instruments. Both the CME rate and the distribution of apparent locations of CMEs varied during this period as expected based on previous solar cycles. The distribution of apparent speeds and the fraction of CMEs showing acceleration were also in agreement with earlier reports. The pointing stability provided by an L-l orbit and the use of CCD detectors have resulted in superior brightness sensitivity for LASCO over earlier coronagraphs; however, we have not detected a significant population of fainter (i.e., low mass) CMEs. The general shape of the distribution of apparent sizes for LASCO CMEs is similar to those of earlier reports, but the average (median) apparent size of 72 degrees (50 degrees) is significantly larger. The larger average apparent size is predominantly the result of the detection of a population of partial and complete halo CMEs at least some of which appear to be events with a significant longitudinal component directed along the Sun-Earth line, either toward or away from the Earth. Using full disk solar images obtained by the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on SOHO, we found that 40 out of 92 of these events might have been directed toward the Earth, and we compared the timing of those with the I(I) geomagnetic storm index in the days following the CME, Although the "false alarm" rate was high, we found that 15 out of 21 (71%) of the K-p greater than or equal to 6 storms could be accounted for as SOHO LASCO/EIT frontside halo CMEs. If we eliminate three Kp, storms that occurred following LASCO/EIT data gaps. then the possible association rate was 15 out of 18 (83%). C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. Ball Aerosp Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37189 Lindau, Germany. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13248 Marseille, France. RP Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 73 TC 347 Z9 347 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18169 EP 18185 DI 10.1029/1999JA000381 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600001 ER PT J AU Richardson, IG Cliver, EW Cane, HV AF Richardson, IG Cliver, EW Cane, HV TI Sources of geomagnetic activity over the solar cycle: Relative importance of coronal mass ejections, high-speed streams, and slow solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; LONG-TERM AVERAGES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ION ENHANCEMENTS; 1 AU; TEMPERATURE; DECREASES; REGIONS; IMP-8; DISTURBANCES AB We assess the contribution of various types of solar wind structures (coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high-speed streams, and slow solar wind) to averages of thf an geomagnetic activity index ((aa)over-bar) during the solar cycle. We used solar wind plasma, magnetic field, and energetic particle data to identify the flow types present in the near-Earth solar wind during 1972-1986 (encompassing the decline of solar cycle 20 and all of cycle 21). Corotating high-speed streams contribute similar to 70% of (aa)over-bar of solar maximum and similar to 30% at solar maximum (1978-1982). CME-related structures (shocks/postshock flows/ejecta) account for similar to 50% of (aa)over-bar at solar maximum and <10% outside of maximum. Slow solar wind contributes similar to 20% throughout the solar cycle. Our analysis provides insight into the Cause of the so-called "Gnevyshev Gap" in geomagnetic activity, characterized by a decrease in (aa)over-bar near the peak of the sunspot cycle. An example of this phenomenon occurred in 1980 at the maximum of cycle 21 when (aa)over-bar registered a value lower than that observed at the preceding solar minimum. We attribute the 1980 depression in an to a temporary reduction in average solar wind speed, evident in both CME and corotating stream related components, and a reduction in mean magnetic fields in all types of solar wind structure. This involvement of all solar wind structures is indicative of a global solar phenomenon, apparently related to an observed depression in tho solar open magnetic flux at the time of solar magnetic field polarity reversal, Both CMEs and streams contribute to geomagnctic activity on either side of this minimum. Thus, at least for cycle 21, the Gnevyshev Gap does not reflect a transition between a period of enhanced geomagnetic activity levels due to CMEs just prior to solar maximum and a second enhancement, due to corotating streams, during the descending phase. Beyond the post Gnevyshev Gap peak, high-speed streams will eventually dominate geomagnetic activity on the decline of the cycle and may, on occasion (as in solar cycle 20), produce a late peak in average geomagnetic activity with relatively little contribution from CMEs. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 59 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18203 EP 18213 DI 10.1029/1999JA000400 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600003 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Rubin, AG Maynard, NC Gentile, LC Sultan, PJ Rich, FJ de la Beaujardiere, O Huang, CY Wilson, GR AF Burke, WJ Rubin, AG Maynard, NC Gentile, LC Sultan, PJ Rich, FJ de la Beaujardiere, O Huang, CY Wilson, GR TI Ionospheric disturbances observed by DMSP at middle to low latitudes during the magnetic storm of June 4-6, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBAURORAL ION DRIFTS; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; QUANTITATIVE SIMULATION; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORM; EQUATORIAL BUBBLES; MODEL; CRRES; PENETRATION; CONVECTION; CONDUCTIVITY AB This phl,er extends a recent study of electric field penetration into the inner magnetosphere observed by the Combined Release and Radiation Effects (CRRES) satellite and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite F8 during the magnetic storm of June 4-6, 1991, to consider its ionospheric consequences. Effects include the development of > 1 km/s subauroral ion drift (SAID) structures, the formation of midlatitude density troughs, and the vertical transport of equatorial plasma, bubbles. Nearly simultaneous auroral electron and plasma drift measurements were acquired hy three DMSP satellites with F8 and F9 in one hemisphere and F10 in the other. Moderate to strong SAID structures were consistently detected for similar to 10 hours during the early main phase of the storm. Weak SAIDs were encountered during similar to 8 hours of the early recovery phase. DMSP data show that SAIDs with similar characteristics developed at magnetically conjugate locations and extended for at least 3 hours in local time. Simultaneous measurements show that the SAIDs spanned temporally growing but latitudinally narrow plasma density troughs. These observations suggest that the magnetospheric sources of SAIDs act more like voltage than current generators. Energetic electron fluxes, electric fields, anti plasma waves measured by CRRES indicate that during this storm the ring current shielding charges and SAID sources were located in regions of high plasma density characteristic of the plasmasphere. The sequence in which DMSP detected equatorial plasma density irregularities is consistent with model predictions that stormtime electrodynamics at low latitudes operate on distinctive fast and slow timescales [Fejer and Scherliess, 1997]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 48 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18391 EP 18405 DI 10.1029/1999JA000188 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600018 ER PT J AU Garcia, FJ Kelley, MC Makela, JJ Sultan, PJ Pi, X Musman, S AF Garcia, FJ Kelley, MC Makela, JJ Sultan, PJ Pi, X Musman, S TI Mesoscale structure of the midlatitude ionosphere during high geomagnetic activity: Airglow and GPS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID F-REGION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ARECIBO; NETWORK AB On the night of November 22, 1997, the Cornell All-Sky Imager recorded a spectacular display of structure in the 630.0 nm emission over Arecibo, Puerto nice. This event is an example of a phenomenon we have termed "intense midlatitude spread F." In this paper we describe the stormtime geophysical conditions for the period and detail the evolution of the event. The daytime midlatitude ionosphere was disturbed for four consecutive days. The initial daytime doubling of the total electron content (TEC) was associated with equatorward propagation of a high-TEC patch that seemed to have associated composition changes. The following days had distinct diurnal double maxima (DDM). The TEC in the Caribbean was very high during the first night of the storm and was extremely structured. Airglow depletions and enhancements surged poleward, bifurcating numerous times in the process. The airglow depletions were collocated wit;ll TEC minima along similar lines of sight to Global Positioning System satellites. Eventually, four parallel and very similar airglow wave packets were visible and oriented at an angle similar to the less violent structures reported in the companion paper [Garcia et al., this issue] and moving slowly toward the southwest. We explore a number of possible explanations for these features. We are most confident that secondary instabilities of the generalized ExB process can explain the evolution of the structures once they are formed. The initial process itself remains controversial. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NOAA, Geosci Res Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Garcia, FJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, 318 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18417 EP 18427 DI 10.1029/1999JA000306 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600020 ER PT J AU Eastes, RW AF Eastes, RW TI Modeling the N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands in the dayglow: Including radiative and collisional cascading between the singlet states SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; AMBIENT PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRUM; EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; SOLAR MINIMUM CONDITIONS; AE-E MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER; MEDIUM-RESOLUTION; N2 AB A new model for the daytime airglow emissions from the Na Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands (a(1)II(g)-X(1)Sigma(g)(+)) in the Earth's atmosphere is presented. This model gives good agreement, which other first principles models have been unable to obtain, with dayglow observations reporting increased vibrational populations, relative to direct excitation, for v less than or equal to 1 of the N-2 a(1)II(g) state. The ability of the model to match the observations is due to the inclusion of radiative and collisional cascading between the singlet states. Such cascading was not included in previous first principles dayglow calculations for the singlet states. Not only does cascading improve the fit between the observed and modeled relative vibrational populations, it also increases the total emission from the LBH bands by a factor of similar to 1.6 due to the transfer of excitation from the a' and w states to the a state, resulting in significantly greater emission than predicted by earlier models using the same excitation cross section for the a state. Such an increase in the total emission from the LBH bands is consistent with recent work by Budzien et al. [1994] and Link et al. [1994]. The coupling between the singlet states will have a significant impact on the interpretation of the LBH band emissions from the Earth's atmosphere. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Eastes, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18557 EP 18573 DI 10.1029/1999JA000378 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600031 ER PT J AU Basu, B Coppi, B AF Basu, B Coppi, B TI Comment on "Parallel ion velocity shear drivels electromagnetic fluctuations and associated particle transport in partially ionized plasmas" by P. K. Shukla, Arshad M. Mirza, and R. T. Faria Jr. SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID REGIONS C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18589 EP 18595 DI 10.1029/1999JA000313 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600035 ER PT J AU Kim, MK Ham, BS Hemmer, PR Shahriar, MS AF Kim, MK Ham, BS Hemmer, PR Shahriar, MS TI Observation of sub-kilohertz resonance in Rf-optical double resonance experiment in rare earth ions in solids SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; RAMAN INTERACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL; LASER; INTERFERENCE; PR3+Y2SIO5; INVERSION; NUCLEAR AB We have observed kilohertz and sub-kilohertz resonance structures in RF-optical double resonance experiments of rare-earth-doped solids, when the frequency of the RF field is scanned across the hyperfine transitions while monitoring the resonant optical absorption of a CW laser. The effect is observed only when the laser spectral width is broad compared to the hyperfine structure. The observed line widths are apparently free of the inhomogeneous widths of hyperfine levels and the line shape has peculiar double peak structure. The effect is modelled with a resonance involving three atomic levels interacting with three electromagnetic fields, two optical and one RF, in a triangular or 'delta' configuration. While the ordinary optical-RF two-field resonance is limited by spin inhomogeneous width, the simultaneous excitation of three coupled transitions leads to narrow and highly nonlinear resonance structures that are not averaged by the inhomogeneous distribution of hyperfine transition. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Rome Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, MK (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009; Kim, Myung/L-3575-2014 OI Kim, Myung/0000-0002-2818-8928 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1713 EP 1728 DI 10.1080/09500340050080330 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 341DF UT WOS:000088575200010 ER PT J AU Gerald, RE Klingler, RJ Sandi, G Johnson, CS Scanlon, LG Rathke, JW AF Gerald, RE Klingler, RJ Sandi, G Johnson, CS Scanlon, LG Rathke, JW TI Li-7 NMR study of intercalated lithium in curved carbon lattices SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Solid State Lithium Battery Workshop CY JUL, 1999 CL TOWSON, MARYLAND DE Li-7 NMR study; intercalated lithium; curved carbon lattices; coin cell battery ID CHARGE-DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS; DISORDERED CARBONS; ION CELLS; INSERTION; ANODE; BATTERIES; GRAPHITE; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODES; FIBERS AB A device was invented that permits nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the internal elements of a coin cell battery. The Coin Cell Battery Imager was used to record wideline Li-7 NMR spectra of the lithium ions that were electrochemically intercalated into three different types of carbon-based materials. The samples included graphite, corannulene, and carbon derived from sepiolite clay. All samples were excised from 2032-size coin cells that were cycled multiple times and left in a discharged state (i.e., fully Lithiated), A comparison of the Li-7 NMR spectra recorded for the three carbons revealed that the curved carbon lattice derived from sepiolite affected the lithium resonances in a manner similar to that observed for the curved molecule corannulene, while both differed from the flat lattice of graphite. In addition, it was possible to observe lithium dendrites on the surface of a hard carbon electrode even in the presence of a large lithium counter electrode using NMR imaging techniques. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Battery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Klingler, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 46 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG PY 2000 VL 89 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00435-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 329ZJ UT WOS:000087938100018 ER PT J AU Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Kerans, RJ AF Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Kerans, RJ TI Processing, microstructure, and strength of alumina-YAG eutectic polycrystals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS AB Dense polycrystalline eutectics of alumina and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) were fabricated by hot-pressing powders of pulverized are-melted buttons at homologous temperatures of 0.9T(eu)-0.93T(eu) (where T-eu is the eutectic temperature). The eutectic microstructure of the are-melted buttons was retained after densification, although the grain boundaries were decorated with equiaxed grains of alumina and YAG similar to 1-5 mu m in size; possible causes for their formation have been discussed. A comparison of the measured strength of the polycrystalline eutectics (274 +/- 61 MPa) with grain size and fracture toughness suggests that the strength-limiting flaws are significantly smaller than the mean grain size and larger than the mean eutectic spacing. C1 MLLN, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Mah, TI (reprint author), MLLN, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 83 IS 8 BP 2088 EP 2090 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 341ZR UT WOS:000088621300039 ER PT J AU Zhao, MC Kariuki, S Dewald, HD Lemke, FR Staniewicz, RJ Plichta, EJ Marsh, RA AF Zhao, MC Kariuki, S Dewald, HD Lemke, FR Staniewicz, RJ Plichta, EJ Marsh, RA TI Electrochemical stability of copper in lithium-ion battery electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI AB The electrochemical stability of copper substrate was studied in three different lithium-ion battery electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the oxidation-reduction behavior of copper in these electrolyte solutions. The reduction of electrolyte and its effect on the oxidation of copper was also studied. Bulk electrolysis was used to quantitatively study the dissolution of copper in dry electrolytes and in electrolytes doped with impurities of H2O or HE The stability of copper was closely related to the composition of the electrolytes. Impurities dramatically increased the oxidation tendency of copper. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)03-057-3. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. SAFT Res & Dev Ctr, Cockersville, MD 21030 USA. USA, CECOm, Res & Dev Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate Battery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhao, MC (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 147 IS 8 BP 2874 EP 2879 DI 10.1149/1.1393619 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 344FH UT WOS:000088748200005 ER PT J AU Chan, D Bishoff, JT Ratner, L Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW AF Chan, D Bishoff, JT Ratner, L Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW TI Endovascular gastrointestinal stapler device malfunction during laparoscopic nephrectomy: Early recognition and management SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE laparoscopy; equipment failure; surgical staplers ID LIVE DONOR NEPHRECTOMY AB Purpose: Controlled ligation and division of the renal hilum are critical steps during any nephrectomy procedure. The use of the endovascular gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapling device for control of the renal vessels during laparoscopic nephrectomy has become standard practice. However, malfunction can lead to serious consequences which require emergency conversion to an open procedure. We report our experience with GIA malfunction during laparoscopic nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: From July 1993 to September 1999, 565 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at 2 institutions for benign and malignant diseases, and for live renal donation. Retrospective chart reviews and primary surgeon interviews were conducted to determine etiology of failure, intraoperative management and possible future prevention. Results: Malfunction occurred in 10 cases (1.7%). In 8 cases the renal vein was involved and malfunctions affected the renal artery in 2. The estimated blood loss ranged from 200 to 1,200 cc. Open conversions were necessary in 2 cases (20%). The etiology of the failure included primary instrument failure in 3 cases and preventable causes in 7. Open surgery was required in 2 patients and laparoscopic management was possible in 8. Conclusions: The endovascular GIA stapler is useful in performing laparoscopic nephrectomy. However, malfunctions may occur, and can be associated with significant blood loss and subsequent need for conversion to an open procedure. The majority of errors could be avoided with careful application and recognition. Many failures, especially when recognized before release of the device, can be managed without conversion to an open procedure. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Chan, D (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 164 IS 2 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67349-1 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 333JB UT WOS:000088126200009 PM 10893574 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Li, B Foshee, JJ Hartman, WB Tang, SN AF Chen, RT Li, B Foshee, JJ Hartman, WB Tang, SN TI Polymer-based optical waveguide devices speed connections SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID INTERCONNECTS; CIRCUITS C1 Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, PRC MER, Austin, TX 78758 USA. AFRL, IFGD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Radiant Res, Austin, TX USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, PRC MER, Mail Code R8600, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD AUG PY 2000 VL 36 IS 8 BP 139 EP + PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 345VW UT WOS:000088836700029 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL DeLo, DP AF Semiatin, SL DeLo, DP TI Equal channel angular extrusion of difficult-to-work alloys SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE equal channel angular extrusion; shear localization; shear cracking ID SHEAR AB The deformation and failure characteristics of several difficult-to-work alloys during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) were established. The behavior of commercial-purity titanium (CP Ti) and AISI 4340 steel (quenched and tempered to R(c)35) was determined under isothermal conditions at temperatures between 25 and 325 degrees C and ram speeds producing average effective strain rates between 0.002 and 2 s(-1). CP Ti was particularly susceptible to shear localization during ECAE; uniform flow occurred only at high temperatures and low strain rates. On the other hand, the 4340 steel deformed uniformly under all conditions except those comprising high temperature and high strain rate. Observations of shear banding and shear failure were interpreted in terms of the tendency for strain concentration as quantified by the flow localization ('alpha') parameter, or the ratio of the normalized flow softening rate to the strain-rate sensitivity. Similar observations of shear failure during non-isothermal ECAE of Ti-6Al-4V at hot-working temperatures were also explained in terms of the effect of temperature, strain rate, and deformation mode on the alpha parameter. Physical modeling (visioplasticity) and finite element method (FEM) modeling were applied to elucidate failure modes and the effects of chilling on non-uniform flow during non-isothermal ECAE, The understanding of the effect of material properties on the tendency for flow localization was used to develop processing alternatives to promote uniform flow during ECAE. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 21 TC 91 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0261-3069(99)00085-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 300DX UT WOS:000086238500010 ER PT J AU Ammari, H Bao, G Wood, AW AF Ammari, H Bao, G Wood, AW TI An integral equation method for the electromagnetic scattering from cavities SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic cavity; integral equations; transparent boundary conditions; existence and uniqueness; Garding-type estimates; conforming boundary element methods ID SCREEN AB Consider a time-harmonic electromagnetic plane wave incident on a cavity in a ground plane. The physical process is modelled by Maxwell's equations. In this paper, integral representations of the solutions to the model problem in both fundamental polarizations are derived and studied. Existence and uniqueness of the solutions for the integral equations are established. The integral equations approach forms a basis for numerical solution of the model problem. In particular, for each fundamental polarization, an integral formulation with Garding-type estimates is derived. These formulations provide a basis for variational boundary element methods for solving the cavity problem. The Garding-type estimates imply convergence results for conforming boundary element methods. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ecole Polytech, CNRS UMR 7641, Ctr Appl Math, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bao, G (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Ammari, Habib/F-3453-2011; Bao, Gang/F-1746-2014; Bao, Gang/B-8955-2015 NR 14 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0170-4214 J9 MATH METHOD APPL SCI JI Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1057 EP 1072 DI 10.1002/1099-1476(200008)23:12<1057::AID-MMA151>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 339FP UT WOS:000088467200003 ER PT J AU Riddle, JR Hyams, KC Murphy, FM Mazzuchi, JF AF Riddle, JR Hyams, KC Murphy, FM Mazzuchi, JF TI In the borderland between health and disease following the Gulf War SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VETERANS C1 US Dept Def, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. US Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Riddle, JR (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Skyline 5,Suite 810 Mail,5111 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 75 IS 8 BP 777 EP 779 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341UE UT WOS:000088607400001 PM 10943228 ER PT J AU Sartin, JS AF Sartin, JS TI Gulf War illnesses: Causes and controversies SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Review ID POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL-EVALUATION; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DESERT-STORM; US VETERANS; EXPOSURE; SYMPTOMS AB Numerous studies investigating Gulf War illnesses have documented that, while Gulf War veterans are no more likely to die or be hospitalized, they complain of more symptoms than their non-Gulf War counterparts and are more likely to seek medical treatment and disability retirement. Proposed causes include exposure to chemical and microbiological agents and psychological factors. No definitive evidence has emerged to link chemical exposures to these illnesses, although epidemiological studies and animal research suggest possible synergistic effects to multiple exposures. Microbiological agents are unlikely to be etiologic, Psychological and cultural factors undoubtedly contribute to a number of illnesses, but their exact role requires further study. Based on a review of the scientific and popular literature, it is reasonable to conclude that Gulf War illnesses remain a poorly defined group of symptom clusters. Well-controlled research from independent groups is required to answer the numerous questions that have arisen from this illness outbreak. C1 Internal Med Specialists, Hutchinson, KS 67502 USA. 2nd Gen Hosp, Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, USAF, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Sartin, JS (reprint author), Internal Med Specialists, 2020 N Waldron, Hutchinson, KS 67502 USA. NR 110 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 5 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 75 IS 8 BP 811 EP 819 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341UE UT WOS:000088607400008 PM 10943235 ER PT J AU Rohrbough, JT Mudge, MK Schilling, RC AF Rohrbough, JT Mudge, MK Schilling, RC TI Overuse injuries in the elite rock climber SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE rock climbing; flexor pulleys; A2 pulley; bowstringing AB Closed rupture of the flexor tendon sheath has been known to occur in the elite rock climbing population. However, only one study has investigated the prevalence of this entity. Purpose: To examine an elite climbing group in this country for the prevalence of pulley rupture and report on other commonly occurring injuries in the hand and elbow. Methods: 42 elite rock climbers competing at the U.S. national championships were evaluated by an injury survey and concentrated examination of the hand and elbow. Manual testing for clinical bowstringing was done for each finger, by the same examiner. Results: 11 subjects (26%) had evidence of flexor pulley rupture or attenuation, as manifested by clinical bowstringing. Injury to the PIP collateral ligament had occurred in 17 subjects (40%). Other commonly occurring injury syndromes are described. Conclusion: Our results and others suggest that closed traumatic pulley rupture occurs with significant frequency in this population. In addition, all subjects with this injury continued to climb at a high standard and reported no functional disability. C1 Orthopaed Surg Serv, Davis Monthan AFB, AZ USA. Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Loma Linda, CA USA. San Bernardino Cty Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Bernardino, CA USA. RP Rohrbough, JT (reprint author), SGOSO, Med Grp 355th, Tucson, AZ 85707 USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1369 EP 1372 DI 10.1097/00005768-200008000-00002 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 342LJ UT WOS:000088645800002 PM 10949000 ER PT J AU Lowe, DT AF Lowe, DT TI Nitric oxide dysfunction in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia SO NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE preeclampsia; nitric oxide; peroxynitrite; arginase; asymmetrical dimethylarginine ID MANGANESE-SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; BOVINE CORONARY-ARTERIES; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; RAT MESANGIAL CELLS; L-ARGININE INFUSION; ORAL L-ARGININE; PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PLATELET-AGGREGATION AB Researchers disagree as to the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in preeclampsia. Many researchers have alluded to NO's possible primary or secondary role in the development of preeclampsia, but few have correlated the dysfunction of nitric oxide production with the other metabolic derangements seen in this condition. This paper will review the evidence that the primary dysfunction in preeclampsia is a relative deficiency of available NO (secondary to oxidative degradation) and an excess of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). The combination of a deficiency of NO and an increase in ONOO- can directly or indirectly initiate the vast majority of physiological and serological changes associated with preeclampsia, such as blood pressure, increased glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, platelet dysfunction, increased thromboxane and endothelin, and a decrease in prostacyclin. Understanding the complex role of nitric oxide in this condition may explain why previous interventions have been unsuccessful and suggest possible strategies for prevention and treatment in the future. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 375th Med Grp, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Lowe, DT (reprint author), 375th Med Grp, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. NR 199 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1089-8603 J9 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOL CH JI Nitric Oxide-Biol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 4 IS 4 BP 441 EP 458 DI 10.1006/niox.2000.0296 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 365FB UT WOS:000089937200013 PM 10944429 ER PT J AU Helal, KJ Gordon, MC Lightner, CR Barth, WH AF Helal, KJ Gordon, MC Lightner, CR Barth, WH TI Adrenal suppression induced by betamethasone in women at risk for premature delivery SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN STIMULATION TEST; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; ANTENATAL BETAMETHASONE; MATERNAL PLASMA; INSUFFICIENCY; FETAL; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; THERAPY; GROWTH AB Objective: To determine whether betamethasone administered to women at risk of preterm delivery causes adrenal suppression. Methods: Ten women at risk of preterm delivery had three weekly low-dose (1 mu g) ACTH stimulation tests with the first one between 24 and 25 weeks' gestation. Immediately after the first and second ACTH stimulation tests, we gave each woman a 12-mg betamethasone dose intramuscularly and repeated it 24 hours later. The third ACTH stimulation test was 1 week after the second course of betamethasone. Serum cortisol levels were measured before (baseline) and 30 minutes after ACTH administration. Results: All subjects had normal baseline and stimulated cortisol levels for the first ACTH stimulation test. Mean baseline serum cortisol levels decreased with each ACTH stimulation test, from 25.4 +/- 4.8 mu g/dL (before betamethasone) to 4.3 +/- 4.0 mu g/dL (1 week after the second course of betamethasone) (P < .001). The mean stimulated cortisol levels also decreased from 33.0 +/- 4.3 mu g/dL (before betamethasone) to 11.8 +/- 6.4 mu g/dL (1 week after the second course of betamethasone) (P < .001). Compared with initial ACTH stimulation tests, laboratory evidence of adrenal suppression occurred in four patients 1 week after the first course of betamethasone and in seven patients after the second course. No signs or symptoms of Addisonian crisis occurred antepartum or intrapartum. Conclusion: Antenatal administration of betamethasone produced measurable adrenal suppression in women at risk of preterm delivery. The number of women with adrenal suppression increased each week that antenatal betamethasone was repeated. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Ehrling Bergquist Hosp, Bellevue, WA USA. RP Gordon, MC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 859th MDOS MMNO,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 96 IS 2 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)00885-1 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 338AW UT WOS:000088396800025 PM 10908779 ER PT J AU Amer, MS Maguire, JF AF Amer, MS Maguire, JF TI Direct observation of intergranular stress fields in polycrystalline materials SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING AB The ability to measure interparticle stress fields is crucial for a number of scientific fields, Detailed knowledge of such interaction stresses can shed light on a number of phenomena such as the fracture mechanics of polycrystalline materials, the mechanics of granular media, and crystallization process of microspheres and nanospheres. In this letter we report the use of a new micro-Raman-spectroscopy-based technique to measure directly the intergranular stress fields in polycrystalline systems. Using Raman active tracers (50 Angstrom graphite crystals) dispersed in the system, the technique was shown to be applicable for non-Raman-active polycrystalline systems (e.g. metals). For the first time, stresses within and around individual grains has been monitored in situ as the global system stress was increased to system failure. The effects of grain orientation and shape are monitored and discussed. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Amer, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 80 IS 8 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1080/09500830050110477 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 343HQ UT WOS:000088697300005 ER PT J AU Cartwright, KL Verboncoeur, JP Birdsall, CK AF Cartwright, KL Verboncoeur, JP Birdsall, CK TI Nonlinear hybrid Boltzmann-particle-in-cell acceleration algorithm SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA SIMULATION; CIRCUIT SOLUTION; MODEL; CODES AB Kinetic simulation of plasmas in which equilibrium occurs over ion time scales poses a computational challenge due to disparity with electron time scales. Hybrid electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms are presented in which most of the electrons reach thermodynamic equilibrium [Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution function] each time step. Conservation of charge enables convergence of the nonlinear Poisson equation. Energy conservation is used to determine the temperature of the Boltzmann species. This article first develops an algorithm where all the electrons have a MB energy distribution, either with a full MB distribution or with a truncation of the high energy tail. Second, high energy PIC electrons are added to the truncated distribution so that high energy electrons are modeled kinetically by PIC and low energy electrons (the majority) are modeled by the MB distribution. Collisions for PIC electrons are included via a Monte Carlo model, while for the MB electrons, the distributions are integrated with energy dependent cross sections. The MB model is not constrained by the electron time scale which decreases the required computer time by about the square root of the mass ratio of ion to electron. However, the hybrid boundary conditions are more complex and the simulation is not quite self-consistent. Comparison between full PIC and the PIC-MB hybrid is made for simulations of photo-ionized sustained discharges and current-driven dc discharges. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)03408-X]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Res Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cartwright, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2000 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3252 EP 3264 AR PII [S1070-664X(00)03408-X] DI 10.1063/1.874191 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 335JG UT WOS:000088239900018 ER PT J AU Tedesco, EF Muinonen, K Price, SD AF Tedesco, EF Muinonen, K Price, SD TI Space-based infrared near-Earth asteroid survey simulation SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on International Monitoring Programs for Asteroid and Comet Threat (IMPACT) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL TURIN, ITALY DE asteroid; hazard; infrared; minor planet; NEA; near-earth; NEO; spacecraft ID THERMAL-MODEL; PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEM AB We demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of using a satellite-based sensor with visual and infrared focal plane arrays to search for that subclass of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) with orbits largely interior to the Earth's orbit. A space-based visual-infrared system could detect approximately 97% of the Atens and 64% of the IEOs (the, as yet hypothetical, objects with orbits entirely Interior to Earth's Orbit) with diameters greater than 1 km in a 5-year mission and obtain orbits, albedos and diameters for all of them; the respective percentages with diameters greater than 500 m are 90% and 60%. Incidental to the: search for Atens and IEOs, we found that 70% of all Earth-Crossing Asteroids (ECAs) with diameters greater than 1 km, and 50% of those with diameters greater than 500 m, would also be detected. These are the results of a feasibility study; optimizing the concept presented would result in greater levels of completion. The cost of such a space-based system is estimated to be within a factor of two of the cost of a ground-based system capable of about 21st magnitude, which would provide only orbits and absolute magnitudes and require decades to reach these completeness levels. In addition to obtaining albedos and diameters for the asteroids discovered in the space-based survey, a space-based visual-infrared system would obtain the same information on virtually all NEOs of interest. A combined space-based and ground-based survey would be highly synergistic in that each can concentrate on what it does best and each complements the strengths of the other. The ground-based system would discover the majority of Amors and Apollos and provide long-term follow-up on all the NEOs discovered in both surveys. The space-based system would discover the majority of Atens and IEOs and provide albedos and diameters on all the NEOs discovered in both surveys and most Previously discovered NEOs as well. Thus, an integrated ground- and space-based system could accomplish the Spaceguard goal in less time than the ground-based system alone. In addition, the result would be a catalog containing well determined orbits, diameters, and albedos for the majority of ECAs with diameters greater than 500 m. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 TerraSyst Inc, Lee, NH 03824 USA. Univ Helsinki Observ, SF-00130 Helsinki, Finland. USAF, Res Lab, VSBC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tedesco, EF (reprint author), TerraSyst Inc, 59 Wednesday Hill Rd, Lee, NH 03824 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 801 EP 816 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00049-0 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 346UV UT WOS:000088890200005 ER PT J AU Adams, SF Miller, TA AF Adams, SF Miller, TA TI Surface and volume loss of atomic nitrogen in a parallel plate rf discharge reactor SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOWING GLOW-DISCHARGE; RECOMBINATION; KINETICS AB The loss of atomic nitrogen due to surface and volume reactions in a parallel plate rf reactor was investigated using a pulsed N-2 discharge and two-photon laser induced fluorescence detection of ground-state atomic nitrogen. Stainless-steel and aluminium electrode surfaces as well as silicon and boron nitride substrates were investigated for their reactivity with atomic nitrogen within the pulsed discharge environment at 1-5 Torr N-2. Aluminium was found to have a surface loss rate of three to five times less than that of stainless-steel, while boron nitride had the lowest N atom recombination rate of the materials studied. The N atom recombination probability coefficient was found to have an inverse pressure dependence for each of the materials, with values ranging from 0.5 to 0.02%. The volume loss rate of N atoms was also quantified due to minute O-2 impurities introduced into the pulsed rf N-2 discharge. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Laser Spect Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Miller, Terry/F-6607-2014 OI Miller, Terry/0000-0003-0731-8006 NR 11 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/9/3/302 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 347FM UT WOS:000088916900002 ER PT J AU Ganguly, BN Dolson, DA AF Ganguly, BN Dolson, DA TI Direct comparison of electric field measurement by fluorescence and optogalvanic Stark spectroscopies SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; HELIUM DISCHARGES; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; RYDBERG STATES; DIAGNOSTICS; PLASMAS; SHEATH; SPACE AB Electric field in the cathode fall region of a 2.2 Torr helium de discharge with 0.8 mA cm(-2) current density has been measured from the Stark splittings of 11 P-1 (unperturbed) Rydberg transition by simultaneous optogalvanic (OG) and fluorescence techniques. The LIF Stark spectra showed narrower linewidths compared to the OG spectra for higher parabolic quantum number states; LIF data also showed broader linewidths for higher parabolic quantum number states compared to the lines in the centre of the manifold. However, the electric fields obtained from the two methods were in agreement with each other within three per cent for all the measured locations in the sheath. A comparison of the OG spectrum with the off-axis LIF data shows a combination of signal gain in the high-field region along with the Stark intensity distribution permits the line-of-sight-averaged OG spectrum to obtain accurate field values in a discharge with modest radial field gradients. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/9/3/321 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 347FM UT WOS:000088916900021 ER PT J AU Heller, BJ Grathwohl, K AF Heller, BJ Grathwohl, K TI Contralateral reexpansion pulmonary edema SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is an unusual complication of thoracentesis. Significant morbidity can result, and death is reported in 20% of cases. It is typically manifested as edema within a lung that has recently been reexpanded. Few reports document contralateral edema formation. We present a case of recurrent left-sided pulmonary edema after repeated drainage of a right-sided pleural effusion due to hepatic hydrothorax. We believe this is the first reported case of recurrence and only the fifth overall case of contralateral RPE. We also review the pathophysiology, treatment, and case reports of contralateral RPE. Physicians should be aware of the complications of thoracentesis, particularly RPE, given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with it. C1 Dept Med, Keesler AFB, Biloxi, MS USA. Div Pulm Dis & Crit Care Med, Keesler AFB, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Heller, BJ (reprint author), Keesler Air Force Base Med Ctr, 81 MDOS SGOM,301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 93 IS 8 BP 828 EP 831 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344UQ UT WOS:000088777800022 PM 10963523 ER PT J AU Zierold, D Halow, KD AF Zierold, D Halow, KD TI Thoracoscopic resection as the preferred approach to posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors SO SURGICAL LAPAROSCOPY ENDOSCOPY & PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE mediastinal masses; mediastinum; neurogenic tumor; thoracoscopy; videothoracoscopy ID REMOVAL AB Traditionally, resection of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors (PMNTs) has been through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Although thoracoscopic resection of these tumors has been advocated, treatment guidelines have not been reported previously. The authors report a thoracoscopic resection of a PMNT and conducted a retrospective review of similar cases in the literature. Successful thoracoscopic resection was compared with tumor size and type using a nonpaired t test (alpha: P < 0.05). A total of 29 patients (13 men, 16 women), aged 26 to 68 years, who underwent a thoracoscopic resection of a PMNT were identified. Preoperative imaging included chest radiography and computed tomography in all patients and magnetic resonance imaging in 15 of 29 patients (52%). All tumors were located in the posterior mediastinum without preoperative evidence of invasion or malignancy. Conversion to an open procedure was necessitated in 12 of 29 (41%) patients ("minithoracotomy" in 11, posterolateral thoracotomy in 1). Tumor size necessitating conversion to an open procedure (mean = 4.79 cm) and tumor size amenable to thoracoscopy alone (mean = 3.84 cm) were not significantly different (P < 0.09). Pathology revealed 22 schwannomas (76%), 6 ganglioneuromas (21%), and 1 malignant schwannoma (38) and was not associated with conversion to an open procedure (P < 0.99). Thoracoscopic resection of PMNTs can be performed successfully, regardless of tumor type or size; however, malignancy, local invasion, and tumors >5 cm may require an open procedure. Thoracoscopic resection can replace thoracotomy in the treatment of PMNTs. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, SGCQ, Dept Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Zierold, D (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, SGCQ, Dept Surg, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-7200 J9 SURG LAPARO ENDO PER JI Surg. Laparosc. Endosc. Pct. Tech. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 222 EP 225 DI 10.1097/00019509-200008000-00008 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 343FD UT WOS:000088690300008 PM 10961750 ER PT J AU Belfield, KD Schafer, KJ Mourad, W Reinhardt, BA AF Belfield, KD Schafer, KJ Mourad, W Reinhardt, BA TI Synthesis of new two-photon absorbing fluorene derivatives via Cu-mediated Ullmann condensations SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON; TRIARYLAMINES; SUBSTITUTION; MOLECULES; CATALYSIS; COPPER AB The Ullmann amination reaction was utilized to provide access to a number of fluorene analogues from common intermediates, via facile functionalization at positions 2, 7, and 9 of the fluorene ring. Through variation of amine or iodofluorene derivative, analogues bearing substitutents with varying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing ability, e.g., diphenylamino, bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, nitro, and benzothiazole, were synthesized in good yield. The novel fluorene derivatives were fully characterized, including absorption and emission spectra. Didecylation at the 9-position afforded remarkably soluble derivatives. Target compounds 4, 5, and 9 are potentially useful as fluorophores in two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Their UV-vis spectra display desirable absorption in the range of interest suitable for two-photon excitation by near-IR femtosecond lasers. Preliminary measurements of two-photon absorption indicate the derivatives exhibit high two-photon absorptivity, affirming their potential as two-photon fluorophores. For example, using a 1210 nm femtosecond pump beam, diphenylaminobenzothiazolylfluorene 4 exhibited nondegenerate two-photon absorption, with two-photon absorptivity is) of ca. 820 x 10(-50) cm(4) s photon(-1) molecule(-1) at the femtosecond white light continuum probe wavelength of 615 nm. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Belfield, KD (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, POB 162366, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Belfield, Kevin/D-4765-2009 OI Belfield, Kevin/0000-0002-7339-2813 NR 24 TC 183 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 15 BP 4475 EP 4481 DI 10.1021/jo991950+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 339QF UT WOS:000088488900001 ER PT J AU Kobryn, PA Moore, EH Semiatin, SL AF Kobryn, PA Moore, EH Semiatin, SL TI The effect of laser power and traverse speed on microstructure, porosity, and build height in laser-deposited Ti-6Al-4V SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium; casting; laser deposition C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kobryn, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 4 TC 147 Z9 165 U1 6 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 28 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00408-5 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352BQ UT WOS:000089195000002 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Midey, AJ AF Viggiano, AA Midey, AJ TI Rate constants as a function of temperature and kinetic energy for the reactions of Cl- with C2H5Br and n-C3H7Br SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHASE S(N)2 REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE; NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; TRANSITION-STATES; SN2 REACTIONS; DISSOCIATION; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS; PRESSURE AB We have measured the rate constants and branching ratios for the reactions of Cl- with C2H5Br and n-C3H7Br as a function of temperature and kinetic energy. Both reactions proceed slowly. The reactions proceed mostly to form Br- at room temperature and above. Both the temperature and kinetic energy dependencies are flat in this regime. At low temperatures a new mechanism becomes important, namely, association followed by thermal dissociation to form both Cl- and Br-. This is especially important in the n-C3H7Br reaction for which the rate constant increases by a factor of 4 between room temperature and 230 K. Not only does the overall rate increase but also the channel-forming Br-. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 27 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 29 BP 6786 EP 6790 DI 10.1021/jp001050t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 339QW UT WOS:000088490300014 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Garscadden, A Haaland, PD AF Jiao, CQ Garscadden, A Haaland, PD TI Ionization of C3F8 by electron and ion impact SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; C2F6; CF4 AB The dissociative ionization of perfluoropropane, C3F8, by electron impact has been measured under single collision conditions using Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry. The total ionization cross-section rises to a maximum value of 1.24 +/- 0.20 x 10(-15) cm(2) at 140 eV. CF3+ is the most prominent ion fragment at all energies, followed by C3F7+, CF+, CF2+, C2F4+ and C2F5+: C3F8+ is not observed. The ratio of dissociative ionization to total dissociation increases from 35 +/- 8% at 22 eV to no less than 70% from 70 to 200 eV. Among the ion fragments only C3F7+ reacts at room temperature to produce C2F5+. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haaland, PD (reprint author), 518 W Linden St, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2000 VL 325 IS 1-3 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00668-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 337MU UT WOS:000088366100031 ER PT J AU Sivaraman, R Clarson, SJ Lee, BK Steckl, AJ Reinhardt, BA AF Sivaraman, R Clarson, SJ Lee, BK Steckl, AJ Reinhardt, BA TI Photoluminescence studies and read/write process of a strong two-photon absorbing chromophore SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STORAGE; INFORMATION; MEMORY AB The optical properties of a fluorene-based chromophore exhibiting a high two-photon absorption cross section have been investigated both in the pure state and as a guest-host system in poly(N-vinylcarbazole). Upon irradiation with a helium cadmium (He-Cd) laser at 325 nm, the guest-host sample exhibits a blueshift with a maximum emission at 459 nm. Information written onto the samples in the blue can also be read using an Ar+ laser. The chromophore undergoes a chemical change upon irradiation in air, and has been found to no longer exhibit upconversion after this transformation. Infrared analysis of the sample (the chromophore) before and after irradiation was carried out, and the spectra suggest the formation of a new conjugated species. Other applications we have developed using this phenomenon include the successful writing of optical device structures in polymer films where the AF-50 is a guest material. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04729-X]. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sivaraman, R (reprint author), Radiant Res Inc, 3006 Longhorn Blvd,Suite 105, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 3 BP 328 EP 330 DI 10.1063/1.126966 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 332BB UT WOS:000088052200006 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS TI Supertough wear-resistant coatings with 'chameleon' surface adaptation SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; coatings; tribology; hardness ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT; SUPERHARD COATINGS; TITANIUM CARBIDE; HARD COATINGS; GRAIN-SIZE AB The chameleon's ability to change skin color depending on environment to increase its chances of surviving served as an inspiration in the development of self-adaptive supertough wear-resistant coatings. Surface chemistry, structure and mechanical properties of these thin (0.5 mu m) coatings reversibly change with applied load and environment, providing the best wear protection. Coating designs developed in-house are reviewed together with a critical analysis of design reports in the literature. 'Chameleon' coatings were prepared using novel nanocomposite structures, consisting of crystalline carbides, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and transition metal dichalcogenides. Various mechanisms were activated to achieve surface self-adaptation and supertough characteristics. They included: transition of mechanical response from hard and rigid to quasi plastic by grain boundary sliding at loads above the elastic limit; friction induced sp(3) --> sp(2) phase transition of the DLC phase; re-crystallization and reorientation of the dichalcogenide phase; change of surface chemistry and structure from amorphous carbon in humid air to hexagonal dichalcogenide in dry nitrogen and vacuum; and sealing the dichalcogenide phase to prevent oxidation. These mechanisms were demonstrated using WC/DLC, TiC/DLC, and WC/DLC/WS2 coatings. The hardness of WC/DLC and TiC/DLC composites was between 27-32 GPa and scratch roughness was 4-5 fold above that of nanocrystalline carbides. The WC/DLC/WS2 composites survived millions of sliding cycles in vacuum and air under 500-1000 MPa loading, and exhibited excellent friction recovery in humid <--> dry environmental cycling. Their friction coefficients were about 0.1 in humid air, 0.03 in vacuum, and as low as 0.007 in dry nitrogen. The proposed 'chameleon' concept can dramatically increase wear-resistant coating applicability, durability, and reliability. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBT, 2941 P St,Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@afrl.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 71 TC 311 Z9 323 U1 22 U2 159 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 17 PY 2000 VL 370 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)00917-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 330BD UT WOS:000087942200034 ER PT J AU Le, G Chi, PJ Goedecke, W Russell, CT Szabo, A Petrinec, SM Angelopoulos, V Reeves, GD Chun, FK AF Le, G Chi, PJ Goedecke, W Russell, CT Szabo, A Petrinec, SM Angelopoulos, V Reeves, GD Chun, FK TI Magnetosphere on May 11, 1999, the day the solar wind almost disappeared: II. Magnetic pulsations in space and on the ground SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS FORESHOCK; ORIENTATION; WAVES AB Simultaneous observation's by Wind and IMP-8 in the upstream region on May 11, 1999, when the solar wind density was well below its usual values and the IMF was generally weakly northward, indicate there were upstream waves present in the foreshock, but wave power was an order of magnitude weaker than usual due to an extremely weak bow shock and tenuous solar wind plasma. Magnetic pulsations in the magnetosphere have been observed in the magnetic field data from Polar and at mid-latitude ground stations. By comparing May 11 with a control day under normal solar wind conditions and with a similar foreshock geometry, we find that the magnetosphere was much quieter than usual. The Pc 3-4 waves were nearly absent in the dayside magnetosphere both at Polar and as seen at midlatitude ground stations even through the foreshock geometry was favorable for the generation of these waves. Since the solar wind speed was not unusual on this day, these observations suggest that it is the Mach number of the solar wind flow relative to the magnetosphere that controls the amplitude of Pc 3-4 waves in the magnetosphere. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 14 BP 2165 EP 2168 DI 10.1029/1999GL000012 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 337AQ UT WOS:000088335500038 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Jones, JG Zabinski, JS TI Characterization of ZrO2/Y2O3 laser ablation plasma in vacuum, oxygen, and argon environments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; WEAR; EMISSION; CERAMICS; LAYERS; ARF AB Laser ablation deposition of highly oriented yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films is important for various technological applications and depends critically on the selection of background environment, with low pressure oxygen being the most common choice. Here, the spatial-temporal distribution of YSZ plume chemistry, excitation states, and energy was determined for ablations in vacuum, low pressure O-2, and low pressure Ar, using fluorescence analyses, element specific imaging techniques, and time-of-flight experiments. It was found that an Ar background considerably promotes excitation and ionization of zirconium during the first 1-3 mu s after the laser strike. There is much less zirconium excitation in an O-2 background, where a large fraction of atomic oxygen with a broad spatial distribution was found. ZrO and YO molecules were observed in both environments. Their highest concentrations were in the O-2 background, where fluorescence from these molecules near the substrate lasted for 2-5 mu s. Neutral species in YSZ plumes were fitted to Maxwellian type velocity distributions with a shifted center of mass. Kinetic energies derived from the fitted data were reduced by about a factor of 2 in Ar and O-2 backgrounds compared to in vacuum. This was not observed for Zr1+ species, which maintained about 100-120 eV mean kinetic energy nearly independently of the background. The ionization of Zr in the presence of Ar, the high velocity of ionized Zr atoms relative to the rest of the plume, the generation of molecular ZrO, YO, and atomic oxygen in the presence of O-2 are potentially important for chemistry and structure control of YSZ films. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)01014-8]. C1 USAF, MLBT, MLMR, AF Res Lab,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, MLBT, MLMR, AF Res Lab,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 1088 EP 1096 DI 10.1063/1.373781 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329DA UT WOS:000087889800076 ER PT J AU Gelosh, DS Setliff, DE AF Gelosh, DS Setliff, DE TI Modeling layout tools to derive forward estimates of area and delay at the RTL level SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DESIGN AUTOMATION OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE estimation; estimation techniques; layout; machine learning; VLSI CAD AB Forward estimates of area and delay facilitate effective decision-making when searching the solution space of digital designs. Current estimation techniques focus on modeling the layout result and fail to deliver timely or accurate estimates. This paper presents a novel approach to deriving these area and delay estimates at the RTL level by modeling the layout tool, rather than the layout result. This approach uses machine learning techniques to capture the relationships between general design features (i.e., topology, connectivity, common input, and common output) and layout concepts (i.e., relative placement). Experiments illustrate the formulation of the training set for machine learning in this domain, and also show how we can derive different tool models. Finally, they show how we can use the resultant model to derive forward estimates of area and delay in real-world designs. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Gelosh, DS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 1084-4309 J9 ACM T DES AUTOMAT EL JI ACM Transact. Des. Automat. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 5 IS 3 BP 451 EP 491 DI 10.1145/348019.348148 PG 41 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 418WX UT WOS:000167918100010 ER PT J AU Denoyer, KK Erwin, RS Ninneman, RR AF Denoyer, KK Erwin, RS Ninneman, RR TI Advanced smart structures flight experiments for precision spacecraft SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International-Astronautical-Federation Congress CY OCT 04-08, 1999 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astronaut Federat, Int Acad Astronaut, Int Inst Space Law, Boeing, Minist Econ Affairs, NISO, Fokker Space, Alcatel, Snecma, Space News AB This paper presents an overview as well as data from four smart structures flight experiments directed by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Middeck Active Control Experiment - Flight II (MACE II) is a space shuttle flight experiment designed to investigate modeling and control issues for achieving high precision pointing and vibration control of future spacecraft. The Advanced Controls Technology Experiment (ACTEX-I) is an experiment that has demonstrated active vibration suppression using smart composite structures with embedded piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The Satellite Ultraquiet Isolation Technology Experiment (SUITE) is an isolation platform that uses active piezoelectric actuators as well as damped mechanical flexures to achieve hybrid passive/active isolation. The Vibration Isolation, Suppression, and Steering Experiment (VISS) is another isolation platform that uses viscous dampers in conjunction with electromagnetic voice coil actuators to achieve isolation as well as a steering capability for an infra-red telescope. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSDV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Denoyer, KK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSDV, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JUL-NOV PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2-9 SI SI BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1016/S0094-5765(00)00080-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 351NR UT WOS:000089165500036 ER PT J AU Pennington, TB Stein, SJ AF Pennington, TB Stein, SJ TI Carbon dioxide for obstetric pneumoperitoneum SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LAPAROSCOPY; PREGNANCY C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, MCOA, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Pennington, TB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, MCOA, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD JUL PY 2000 VL 93 IS 1 BP 270 EP 270 DI 10.1097/00000542-200007000-00038 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 329EV UT WOS:000087894500034 PM 10861171 ER PT J AU Davis, JK Paoli, GC He, ZQ Nadeau, LJ Somerville, CC Spain, JC AF Davis, JK Paoli, GC He, ZQ Nadeau, LJ Somerville, CC Spain, JC TI Sequence analysis and initial characterization of two isozymes of hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUTIDA STRAIN-H; 2-AMINOPHENOL 1,6-DIOXYGENASE; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEGRADATION; NITROBENZENE; PATHWAY; PURIFICATION; DEHYDROGENASE; REARRANGEMENT AB Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 grows on nitrobenzene by a partially reductive pathway in which the intermediate hydroxylaminobenzene is enzymatically rearranged to 2-aminophenol by hydroxylaminobenzene mutase (HAB mutase), The properties of the enzyme, the reaction mechanism, and the evolutionary origin of the gene(s) encoding the enzyme are unknown. In this study, two open reading frames (habA and habB), each encoding an HAB mutase enzyme, were cloned from a P. pseudoalcaligenes JS45 genomic library and sequenced. The open reading frames encoding HabA and HabB are separated by 2.5 kb and are divergently transcribed. The deduced amino acid sequences of HabA and HabB are 44% identical. The HAB mutase specific activities in crude extracts of Escherichia coli clones synthesizing either HabA or HabB were similar to the specific activities of extracts of strain JS45 grown on nitrobenzene. HAB mutase activity in E. coli extracts containing HabB withstood heating at 85 degrees C for 10 min, but extracts containing HabA were inactivated when they were heated at temperatures above 60 degrees C. HAB mutase activity in extracts of P. pseudoalcaligenes JS45 grown on nitrobenzene exhibited intermediate temperature stability, Although both the habA gene and the habB gene conferred HAB mutase activity when they were separately cloned and expressed in E. coli, reverse transcriptase PCR analysis indicated that only habA is transcribed in P. pseudoalcaligenes JS45, A mutant strain derived from strain JS45 in which the habA gene was disrupted was unable to grow on nitrobenzene, which provided physiological evidence that HabA is involved in the degradation of nitrobenzene. A strain in which habB was disrupted grew on nitrobenzene. Gene Rv3078 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv encodes a protein whose deduced amino acid sequence is 52% identical to the HabB amino acid sequence. E. coli containing M. tuberculosis gene Rv3078 cloned into pUC18 exhibited low levels of HAB mutase activity. Sequences that exhibit similarity to transposable element sequences are present between habA and habB, as well as downstream of habB, which suggests that horizontal gene transfer resulted in acquisition of one or both of the hab genes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jspain@mlq.afrl.af.mil OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 7 BP 2965 EP 2971 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.7.2965-2971.2000 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 332DE UT WOS:000088057600037 PM 10877793 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Spain, JC AF He, ZQ Spain, JC TI Reactions involved in the lower pathway for degradation of 4-nitrotoluene by Mycobacterium strain HL 4-NT-1 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; 2-AMINOPHENOL 1,6-DIOXYGENASE; META-CLEAVAGE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NITROBENZENE; CATECHOL; PUTIDA; 2-AMINOMUCONATE; BIODEGRADATION; 3-NITROPHENOL AB In spite of the variety of initial reactions, the aerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds generally yields dihydroxy intermediates for ring cleavage. Recent investigation of the degradation of nitroaromatic compounds revealed that some nitroaromatic compounds are initially converted to 2-aminophenol rather than dihydroxy intermediates by a number of microorganisms, The complete pathway for the metabolism of 2-aminophenol during the degradation of nitrobenzene by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 has been elucidated previously. The pathway is parallel to the catechol extradiol ring cleavage pathway, except that 2-aminophenol is the ring cleavage substrate. Here we report the elucidation of the pathway of 2-amino-1-methylphenol (6-amino-m-cresol) metabolism during the degradation of 4-nitrotoluene by Mycobaterium strain NL 4-NT-1 and the comparison of the substrate specificities of the relevant enzymes in strains JS45 and HL 4-NT-1. The results indicate that the 2-aminophenol ring cleavage pathway in strain JS45 is not unique hut is representative of the pathways of metabolism of other o-aminophenolic compounds. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 7 BP 3010 EP 3015 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.7.3010-3015.2000 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 332DE UT WOS:000088057600043 PM 10877799 ER PT J AU Goodman, RL Montalvo, MA Reed, MJB Scribbick, FW McHugh, CP Beatty, RL Aviles, R AF Goodman, RL Montalvo, MA Reed, MJB Scribbick, FW McHugh, CP Beatty, RL Aviles, R TI Anterior orbital myiasis caused by human botfly (Dermatobia hominis) SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78234 USA. RP Goodman, RL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 118 IS 7 BP 1002 EP 1003 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 334CZ UT WOS:000088169100024 PM 10900121 ER PT J AU Collins, KA Cina, SJ Pettenati, MJ Fitts, M AF Collins, KA Cina, SJ Pettenati, MJ Fitts, M TI Identification of female cells in postcoital penile swabs using fluorescence in situ hybridization - Application in sexual assault SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Traditionally, the finding of semen, that is, spermatozoa and acid phosphatase, in cervicovaginal specimens has been considered the laboratory evidence needed to prove recent sexual contact. Recent research with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has shown that in the absence of semen, male epithelial and inflammatory cells can be found within the female genital tract. A striking paucity of literature exists pertaining to the examination of the penis of an alleged assailant for potential evidence indicative of sexual assault. The current study uses FISH to analyze postcoital swabs of the penis for such laboratory evidence. A male and female volunteer couple consented to participate in this study. Following coitus, the male partner presented to one of the investigators for penile swabbing. Swabs were taken at varying postcoital intervals (1-24 hours) subsequent to 10 coital episodes. The male participant was instructed not to shower following coitus, but to otherwise go about daily activities until specimen collection. To obtain each sample, 4 sterile cotton-tipped applicators were slightly moistened in sterile saline and swabbed along the length of the penile shaft and around the base of the penis. From the swabs, 3 air-dried slides were prepared, coded, and blinded. As controls, swabs were taken from the buccal surfaces of both volunteers. Multicolor FISH was performed using dual X- and Y-chromosome probes, and slides were counterstained with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Cells were easily visualized under a fluorescent microscope, but only cells with 2 nonoverlapping fluorescent signals were counted. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is highly sensitive and specific, and the dual probes easily distinguished between male and female cells. Female cells were identified on smears from every penile swab over the entire 1- to 24-hour postcoital interval. The FISH technique, previously successful in identifying male cells within the female genital tract, may also be employed on penile swabs. Once the presence of female cells is confirmed by FISH, the identity of the female can be confirmed by DNA analysis. Potentially, with such current molecular analyses, both the assailant and the victim can be positively identified. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Forens Sect, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. S Carolina Law Enforcement Div, Columbia, SC USA. RP Collins, KA (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Forens Sect, 165 Ashley Ave,Suite 309, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 124 IS 7 BP 1080 EP 1082 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 334HK UT WOS:000088180900023 PM 10888788 ER PT J AU Cina, MSJ Collins, KA Fitts, M Pettenati, MJ AF Cina, MSJ Collins, KA Fitts, M Pettenati, MJ TI Isolation and identification of male and female DNA on a postcoital condom SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; SEXUAL ASSAULT; CELLS AB Background.-Identification of male perpetrators of sexual assault may be made from cells and fluids recovered from postcoital condoms. To date, the focus has been on identifying the person who had worn the condom. Objective.-To describe a method for scientifically identifying both the male and female participants in a sex act by employing polymerase chain reaction-based technology on swabs taken from the internal and external surfaces of a condom. Fluorescence in situ hybridization may be used to screen for the presence of female cells on a condom. Methods.-Swabs were taken from the internal and external surfaces of a condom 8 hours postcoitus. DNA was isolated from each swab through standard organic extraction. Extracted DNA was amplified for 8 different genetic loci using the Promega PowerPlex kit and the sex identification amelogenin marker. Amplified samples were electrophoresed on precast sequencing gels and analyzed fluorescently using a Hitachi FMBIO 2 fluorescent scanner and software, Each DNA sample obtained from the condom was compared with male and female buccal controls. At the time of collection, air-dried slides were prepared from the swabs for subsequent multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization using dual X- and Y-chromosome probes with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstaining. Results,-A pure sample of female DNA was isolated from the external surface of the condom as determined by exclusive amplification of the X-chromosome-specific 212-base pair amelogenin marker. Swabs taken from the internal surface yielded DNA originating from the male participant. Identification was conclusive at 8 of 8 genetic loci. Fluorescence in situ hybridization identified pure populations of male epithelial cells from the internal surface of the condom and female cells from the external surface. Conclusions.-Cells shed from a female during sexual intercourse can be retrieved from the external surface of a condom following sexual intercourse. Fluorescence in situ hybridization can be used to screen for the presence of female cells, and positive identification of the female sexual partner can then be made using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. We suggest that swabs taken from both surfaces of a condom used during sexual assault may be used to provide information that will definitively link the victim to the suspect. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. S Carolina Law Enforcement Div, Columbia, SC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Cytogenet Lab, Dept Pediat, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Cina, MSJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, 59th MDW MTLP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 124 IS 7 BP 1083 EP 1086 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 334HK UT WOS:000088180900024 PM 10888789 ER PT J AU Ross, M AF Ross, M TI Hamstring injury in a male collegiate sprinter SO ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1078-7895 J9 ATHLET THER TODAY JI Athlet. Ther. Today PD JUL PY 2000 VL 5 IS 4 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 338BN UT WOS:000088398400011 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Kannan, N Olson, RM AF Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Kannan, N Olson, RM TI The effect of staged decompression while breathing 100% oxygen on attitude decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; DCS; VGE; emboli; decompression sickness; denitrogenation; preoxygenation; prebreathe AB Introduction: Space Shuttle extravehicular activity (EVA) requires decompression from sea level pressure (14.7 psia) to a 4.3 psia (30,300 ft) pressure suit. The transition currently involves altering the shuttle atmosphere to allow shirt-sleeve denitrogenation to occur during a 12 to 36-h staged decompression (SD) at 10.2 psia (9,800 ft) with an oxygen-enriched breathing gas (26.5% oxygen, 73.5% nitrogen). The denitrogenation provides protection from decompression sickness (DCS) during EVA in a 4.3 psia pressure suit. Our goal was to determine the highest altitude at which SD while breathing 100% oxygen (SD100) could provide effective protection from development of DCS symptoms after further decompression to 29,500 ft (4.5 psia). Methods: There were 30 male subjects exposed to at least 6 of 11 conditions in random order on successive months to 29,500 ft for 4 h while performing mild exercise and being monitored for venous gas emboli (VGE) with an echo-imaging system. The subjects received 15 min of ground-level (GL) preoxygenation and an additional 60 or 120 min of SD100 at one of four altitudes between 8,000 ft (10.9 psia) and 18,000 ft (7.3 psia). Control exposures followed a 75- or 135-min ground-level preoxygenation. Results: During SD100, one case of DCS occurred at 18,000 Ft, but not at lower staging altitudes. Higher levels of VGE were observed during SD100 at 18,000 ft than during SD100 at any lower altitude. Conclusion: Staged decompression at 16,000 ft and below results in decompression risk during subsequent decompression to 29,500 it similar to that following equivalent periods of ground-level preoxygenation. C1 AF Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. High Altitude Protect Res, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), Life Sci Syst & Serv, Wyle Labs, 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM james.webb@brooks.af.mil NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 71 IS 7 BP 692 EP 698 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 329RE UT WOS:000087921000005 PM 10902932 ER PT J AU De Witt, CC Laural, VL Walter, EA Neville, JS Canas, L Dolan, MJ AF De Witt, CC Laural, VL Walter, EA Neville, JS Canas, L Dolan, MJ TI Adenovirus type 4 outbreak in military basic trainees: Reemergence of disease due to lack of vaccine availability SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 MA 51 BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 347VY UT WOS:000088950900101 ER PT J AU Hegyes, MS Richardson, MW Miller, MD AF Hegyes, MS Richardson, MW Miller, MD TI Knee dislocation - Complications of nonoperative and operative management SO CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; PNEUMATIC TOURNIQUET; VASCULAR INJURIES; RECONSTRUCTION; NERVE; SURGERY; PATELLA; MOTION; JOINT; LIMB AB This article reviews complications associated with nonoperative and operative treatment of knee dislocations. Dislocation of the knee is rare; however, it is being recognized with increasing frequency and is a focus of recent research and debate. Although occurrence rates seem low (0.001%-0.013%) many knee dislocations spontaneously reduce, or are reduced in the field, and therefore go undetected. In addition, patients who have sustained multiple trauma may have knee dislocations that are not recognized because at admission the focus of attention is on the more obvious and life-threatening injuries. The true incidence of knee dislocation, therefore, is probably much higher than reported. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Dallas, TX USA. WB Carrell Mem Clin, Dallas, TX USA. RP Hegyes, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB,2200 Berquist DR,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 94 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-5919 J9 CLIN SPORT MED JI Clin. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 519 EP + DI 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70222-2 PG 26 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 337RB UT WOS:000088374500011 PM 10918964 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Schmoll, WJ Strader, EA Belovich, VM AF Takahashi, F Schmoll, WJ Strader, EA Belovich, VM TI Suppression of a nonpremixed flame stabilized by a backward-facing step SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION AB The stabilization and suppression behavior of a nonpremixed methane flame formed behind a backward-facing step in a combustion tunnel has been studied by impulsively injecting a gaseous fire-extinguishing agent (CF3Br) into the airflow. Optical observations, including a schlieren method, revealed that two distinct flame stabilization and suppression regimes, i.e., (I) rim-attached and (II) wake-stabilized, appeared as the mean air velocity was increased. The suppression in regime I occurred after immediate detachment of the flame at agent arrival, followed by blowout of the flame in the sheer layer downstream. The suppression in regime II took place as a result of consecutive extinction of the flames in the sheer layer and the recirculation zone, and the latter flame is controlling. The characteristic mixing (or residence) time in the recirculation zone, measured by the sodium D-line emission method, linearly depended on a simple similarity parameter, i.e., the step height divided by the effective mean air velocity. For long agent injection periods, the critical agent mole fraction at suppression approached a minimum value of similar to 0.025, which was identical to the value obtained using a counterflow diffusion flame. On the other hand, the critical agent mole fraction at suppression increased dramatically as the agent injection period was decreased below the characteristic mixing time. Under relatively high air velocities (regime II), the critical agent mole fraction at suppression normalized by the minimum value was a unique function of the agent injection period normalized by the characteristic mixing time and can be predicted using a theoretical expression. Furthermore, the total agent mass delivered can be minimized at the injection period near the characteristic mixing time. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res Fluids & Combust, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 500-115,21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2000 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00106-1 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 322QM UT WOS:000087520300008 ER PT J AU Underdahl, JP Florakis, GJ Braunstein, RE Johnson, DA Cheung, P Briggs, J Meisler, DM AF Underdahl, JP Florakis, GJ Braunstein, RE Johnson, DA Cheung, P Briggs, J Meisler, DM TI Propionibacterium acnes as a cause of visually significant corneal ulcers SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE keratitis; ulcer; Propionibacterium acnes ID ENDOPHTHALMITIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; KERATITIS AB Purpose. To report Propionibacterium acnes as a cause of vision-threatening infectious keratitis and to discuss culture isolation and antibiotic treatment. Methods. Retrospective case series presentation collected from three academic medical centers. Results. Six cases of P. acnes infectious keratitis are presented, all of which were associated with a compromised corneal barrier or environment. All cases were culture-positive on thioglycolate broth; none became positive before 7 days of growth. No other organisms were isolated from any culture, and the growth of P. acnes occurred in some cases despite negative gram stains. Conclusion. P. acnes can produce vision-debilitating keratitis when the cornea is compromised. Growth in culture should be monitored for at least 10 days to ensure isolation of this fastidious organism. P. acnes may respond to several different antibiotics that have gram-positive coverage, but it should be treated with vancomycin to enhance clearance of the organism. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. New York Presbyterian Hosp, Harkness Eye Inst, New York, NY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Underdahl, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, 3-555 DSER Bldg,100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD JUL PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 451 EP 454 DI 10.1097/00003226-200007000-00008 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 333TH UT WOS:000088146500007 PM 10928755 ER PT J AU Schulz-Butulis, BA Gilson, R Farley, M Keeling, JH AF Schulz-Butulis, BA Gilson, R Farley, M Keeling, JH TI Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID NEVUS SYNDROME; MUTATIONS; GENE; DISEASE; TUMORS; PTCH AB Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a hereditary disorder with a predilection for numerous basal cell carcinomas in addition to odontogenic keratocysts, palmoplantar pitting, and skeletal malformations. NBCCS has been associated with a number of benign and malignant neoplasms. We report the first case of NBCCS in association with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. C1 USAR, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USAF, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Schulz-Butulis, BA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 335JK UT WOS:000088240200007 PM 10916689 ER PT J AU Erickson, QL Faleski, EJ Koops, MK Elston, DM AF Erickson, QL Faleski, EJ Koops, MK Elston, DM TI Addison's disease: The potentially life-threatening tan SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR AUTOANTIGEN; 21-HYDROXYLASE AB Addison's disease is a potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder, The classic dermatologic sign of Addison's disease is diffuse hyperpigmentation of the skin with focal hyperpigmentation of scars, nails, and the oral mucosa. Recognition of these dermatologic manifestations in a patient with otherwise vague constitutional symptoms warrants a consideration of Addison's disease. C1 USAFRES, MSC, Forest Pk, IL 60103 USA. USAF, MC, Randolph AFB, TX USA. USA, MC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, MC, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Erickson, QL (reprint author), 648 Elgin, Forest Pk, IL 60130 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 335JK UT WOS:000088240200015 PM 10916697 ER PT J AU Elston, DM White, LC AF Elston, DM White, LC TI Treatment of trichostasis spinulosa with a hydroactive adhesive pad SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB Trichostasis spinulosa is a common skin condition that may be easier to diagnose than to treat. Successful treatment with the use of a hydroactive adhesive "deep cleaning" pad (Biore(R)) is discussed. C1 USA, MC, Lackland AFB, TX USA. USAF, MC, Okinawa, Japan. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dermatol MMID, 2200 Bergqyust Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 77 EP 78 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 335JK UT WOS:000088240200016 PM 10916698 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Hughes, JB Nishino, SF Spain, JC AF Zhang, CL Hughes, JB Nishino, SF Spain, JC TI Slurry-phase biological treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene: Role of bioaugmentation and effects of high dinitrotoluene concentrations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMER AMMUNITION PLANTS; BED BIOFILM REACTOR; PSEUDOMONAS SP; BIODEGRADATION; DNT; NITROAROMATICS; STRAIN; SOIL AB A pitot-scale study was conducted to evaluate the use of aerobic slurry reactors to treat soils that were highly contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT). Contaminated soils were obtained from Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant (VAAP; Chattanooga, TN) and Badger Army Ammunition Plant (BAAP; Baraboo, WI). Concentrations of 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT were 19 000 and 1380 mg/kg in VAAP soil and 8900 and 480 mg/kg in BAAP soil. Soils were homogenized and subjected to a soil washing process; the resulting soil slurry was subsequently fed to an Eimco bioreactor (70-L) operated in a draw-and-fill mode. Degradation of either isomer required augmentation with a DNT-mineralizing culture. Stable performance and essentially complete degradation of 2,4-DNT (within similar to 2 days) was demonstrated for both soils at slurry concentration (sum of aqueous, sorbed, and crystalline phases) exceeding 11 000 mu M. Incomplete degradation of 2,6-DNT was observed after inoculation, and low-level degradation activity could not be sustained without repeated bioaugmentation. Changing reactor operation to maintain low slurry-phase concentrations of 2,4-DNT-through continuous feeding or by reducing the volume of soil slurry fed during draw-and-fill-improved the ability to sustain 2,6-DNT degradation activity. Complementary studies conducted in shake flasks demonstrated that the high concentrations of 2,4-DNT resulted in an inhibition of 2,6-DNT degradation. The impact of 2,4-DNT on 2,6-DNT degradation required a dual-stage approach to achieve complete treatment of both contaminants. Operating two reactors in series, where 2,4-DNT was degraded in the first reactor and 2,6-DNT was degraded in the second reactor, allowed for stable draw-and-fill operation. High nitrite concentrations resulting from 2,4-DNT degradation in the first reactor had no apparent impact on subsequent 2,6-DNT degradation. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hughes, JB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Zhang, Chunlong/N-2564-2014 OI Zhang, Chunlong/0000-0003-4782-5424 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 13 BP 2810 EP 2816 DI 10.1021/es000878q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 330RC UT WOS:000087974200038 ER PT J AU Pinto, LA Williams, MS Dolan, MJ Henkart, PA Shearer, GM AF Pinto, LA Williams, MS Dolan, MJ Henkart, PA Shearer, GM TI beta-chemokines inhibit activation-induced death of lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-chemokine; activation-induced cell death; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; CD8(+) T-CELLS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; FAS LIGAND; LYMPH-NODES; EXPRESSION; RANTES; DISEASE; MODULATION AB The present study investigates the role of the HIV-suppressive beta-chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta and RANTES in activation-induced cell death (AICD). A pool of these beta-chemokines reduced anti-CD3-induced apoptosis of T cell blasts from healthy blood donors in a dose-dependent manner. Although the pooled beta-chemokines were more effective, the inhibitory effect could also be mediated by each of the individual chemokines and was blocked by neutralizing anti-chemokine antibodies. The beta-chemokines also inhibited pokeweed mitogen/staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis in 33/49 HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. This anti-apoptotic effect was not correlated with the patients' CD4 T cell counts. beta-chemokines did not lead to altered secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma or IL-10 in response to activation stimuli in either normal T cell blasts or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ individuals. Go-incubation with beta-chemokines did not inhibit anti-CD3-induced expression of cell surface Fas ligand, nor did it alter levels of the death receptor Fas or Bcl-2 in T cell blasts, suggesting that the beta-chemokines are blocking AICD downstream of Fas. These observations indicate that beta-chemokines may play a novel role as modulators of AICD, in addition to their known role as chemoattractants and inhibitors of HIV replication. C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Dept Immunol, Rockville, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, HIV Unit, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shearer, GM (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 4B 36, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 30 IS 7 BP 2048 EP 2055 DI 10.1002/1521-4141(200007)30:7<2048::AID-IMMU2048>3.0.CO;2-I PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 335UC UT WOS:000088262300027 PM 10940894 ER PT J AU Lang, M AF Lang, M TI A model for fatigue crack growth, part I: phenomenology SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack propagation; load interaction; overload; residual compressive stresses; crack closure; aluminium alloy ID PROPAGATION AB A fatigue crack growth model for metals is presented in this two part paper. The model is based on experimental evidence obtained on the aluminium alloy Al 7475-T7351. In Part I of this paper, the physical basis of the model is discussed. The model accounts for residual compressive stresses ahead of the crack front and crack closure, which constitute an intrinsic and extrinsic effect, respectively. The centre of this model is the crack propagation stress intensity factor, K-PR . There are two basic sequences involving a load step following constant amplitude loading which cause two different types of transitional processes that are fundamental to fatigue crack growth. An increase in the maximum load causes instant and 'dynamic' changes in K-PR . This transition in K-PR is cycle dependent. An example is a multiple overload sequence. A decrease in the maximum load causes a crack growth dependent transition. Crack growth retardation after a tensile overload is an example of this type of a transition. The general description of these two transitional processes constitutes the complete solution for the fatigue crack growth problem in metals for Mode 1 loading. Part I of this paper provides the general description of the two transitional processes in terms of K-PR . In Part II, the results of Part I are generalised, which leads to a new fatigue crack growth prediction model for variable amplitude loading. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mft Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. DLR, German Ctr Aerosp Res, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. RP Lang, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mft Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 23 IS 7 BP 587 EP 601 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 354KF UT WOS:000089329100006 ER PT J AU Lang, M AF Lang, M TI A model for fatigue crack growth, part II: modelling SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack propagation; life prediction model; damage tolerance; crack growth model; load interaction; overload; residual compressive stresses; crack closure; aluminium alloy ID PROPAGATION AB A fatigue crack growth prediction model for metals is presented. It is based on experimental evidence obtained on the aluminium alloy Al 7475-T7351, which is presented in Part I of this paper. This part of the paper generalises the results from Part I and develops a new fatigue crack growth prediction model for variable amplitude loading. The central parameter of this model is the crack propagation stress intensity factor, K-PR . The general description of the relatively simple loading sequences in Part I of this paper in terms of K-PR leads to a scheme that is denoted as the 'Fatigue Crack Growth Map.' This map defines all possible crack growth conditions and is the heart of the crack growth prediction method. It is shown that any arbitrary loading spectrum consists only of three different types of load cycles, Type I, II and III. This paper elaborates on the specific conditions that lead to a specific type of cycle and explains the determination of the corresponding K-PR value. The model determines K-PR cycle by cycle throughout a loading spectrum. K-PR determines the driving force, Delta K-eff , for the following cycle. The model requires the knowledge of the yield strength and the intrinsic threshold value, Delta K-T , for the material, as well as five different functions that also depend on the material. Phenomenologically, the model accounts for residual compressive stresses ahead of the crack front, the intrinsic response of the material and crack closure, which is an extrinsic effect. A few variable amplitude loading sequences are presented to compare predictions of K-PR with experiments. The results are in encouraging agreement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. DLR, German Ctr Aerosp Res, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. RP Lang, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 23 IS 7 BP 603 EP 617 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 354KF UT WOS:000089329100007 ER PT J AU McNaughton-Cassill, ME Bostwick, M Vanscoy, SE Arthur, NJ Hickman, TN Robinson, RD Neal, GS AF McNaughton-Cassill, ME Bostwick, M Vanscoy, SE Arthur, NJ Hickman, TN Robinson, RD Neal, GS TI Development of brief stress management support groups for couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE stress management; support group; IVF patients ID INFERTILE WOMEN AB Objective: To develop and assess the efficacy of couples stress management groups offered concurrently with IVF treatment. Design: Couples in IVF treatment were given the option of participating in a biweekly stress management group. Setting: The NF treatment clinic at Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas. Patient(s): One or both members of 17 couples participated in the program in one of four group cycles. Intervention(s): A cognitive behavioral treatment model was used to help couples process their feelings and cognitions about the impact of infertility on their life and explore their expectations about their future options for becoming parents. Main Outcome Measure(s): Couples were asked to anonymously evaluate the efficacy of the group after they had completed their IVF cycle. Result(s): Participants reported that the group helped them deal with the stress of infertility and that they valued the social bonds they formed with other group members. Conclusion(s): These data suggest that brief focused group therapy, offered while couples are undergoing IVF, is an effective way to help people deal with the stress of infertility treatment. (Fertil Steril(R) 2000,74: 87-93. (C) 2000 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine). C1 Univ Texas, Div Behav & Cultural Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Mayo Clin Rochester, Rochester, MN USA. St Bernards Behav Hlth, Jonesboro, AK USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Fertil Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McNaughton-Cassill, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas, Div Behav & Cultural Sci, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00564-1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 330RP UT WOS:000087975200015 PM 10899502 ER PT J AU Wooten, JO AF Wooten, JO TI Health care in 2025: A patients encounter SO FUTURIST LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Wooten, JO (reprint author), Dept Def Hlth Affairs, TRICARE Management Act Off, Washington, DC 20301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD FUTURE SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, SUITE 450, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-3317 J9 FUTURIST JI Futurist PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 34 IS 4 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 322KP UT WOS:000087509000021 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Gardner, C Drummond, J Armstrong, T Liu, A Chu, X Papen, G Kruschwitz, C Loughmiller, P Grime, B Engelman, J AF Kelley, MC Gardner, C Drummond, J Armstrong, T Liu, A Chu, X Papen, G Kruschwitz, C Loughmiller, P Grime, B Engelman, J TI First observations of long-lived meteor trains with resonance lidar and other optical instruments SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In November 1998 the earth passed through a maximum in the cometary material responsible for the yearly Leonids meteor shower. The meteor storm event produced numerous examples of long-lived chemiluminescent trails-visible to the naked eye-over New Mexico, where a major observation campaign was centered. One trail was detected for over an hour with a CCD camera employing a narrow sodium filter, and many others were observed for over ten minutes each. For the first time, sodium densities in such trails were measured while also being imaged in sodium light. We have verified one source of long-lived light emissions-a sodium-catalyzed reaction involving ozone-but it is far too weak to explain the visibility of such trails. In addition, we present a new explanation for the cylindrical shell appearance long reported for chemiluminescent trails and show that ozone depletion by chemical processes is a possible explanation for this phenomenon. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Illinois, CSRL, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Liu, Alan/C-3738-2008 OI Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 13 BP 1811 EP 1814 DI 10.1029/1999GL011175 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 331LY UT WOS:000088021600002 ER PT J AU Chu, XZ Liu, AZ Papen, G Gardner, CS Kelley, M Drummond, J Fugate, R AF Chu, XZ Liu, AZ Papen, G Gardner, CS Kelley, M Drummond, J Fugate, R TI Lidar observations of elevated temperatures in bright chemiluminescent meteor trails during the 1998 Leonid shower SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LUNAR SODIUM TAIL; ENHANCEMENT AB Seven persistent trails associated with bright fireballs were probed with a steerable Na wind/temperature lidar at Starfire Optical Range, NM during the 17/18 Nov peak of the 1998 Leonid meteor shower. These chemiluminescence trails were especially rich in Na. The average Na abundance within the trails was 52% of the background Na layer abundance, which suggests that the corresponding masses of the meteors were from 1 g up to 1 kg. CCD images show that the chemiluminescent emissions (including Na and OH) are confined to the walls of a tube, which expands with time by molecular diffusion. Lidar profiles within the trails show that the temperatures are highest at the edges of the tube where the airglow emissions are brightest. Approximately 3 min after ablation, temperatures at the tube walls are 20-50 K warmer than the tube core and background atmosphere. Neither chemical nor frictional heating provides a satisfactory explanation for the observations. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chu, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Liu, Alan/C-3738-2008 OI Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 13 BP 1815 EP 1818 DI 10.1029/2000GL000080 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 331LY UT WOS:000088021600003 ER PT J AU Grime, BW Kane, TJ Liu, A Papen, G Gardner, CS Kelley, MC Kruschwitz, C Drummond, J AF Grime, BW Kane, TJ Liu, A Papen, G Gardner, CS Kelley, MC Kruschwitz, C Drummond, J TI Meteor trail advection observed during the 1998 Leonid shower SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATES; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERE AB Sodium resonance lidar observations of meteor trails are reported from the 1998 Leonid shower experiment at the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM (35.0 degrees N, 106.5 degrees W). The lidar was operating in a spatially scanning mode that allowed tracking for up to one half-hour. Three trails are presented here whose motion allowed inference of radial as well as vector wind components and apparent diffusivities. The winds are derived independently using the narrow linewidth sodium (Na) resonance Doppler lidar technique and are compared with the tracking results. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Grime, BW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 121 Elect Engn E, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Liu, Alan/C-3738-2008 OI Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 13 BP 1819 EP 1822 DI 10.1029/1999GL003699 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 331LY UT WOS:000088021600004 ER PT J AU Thompson, BJ Cliver, EW Nitta, N Delannee, C Delaboudiniere, JP AF Thompson, BJ Cliver, EW Nitta, N Delannee, C Delaboudiniere, JP TI Coronal dimmings and energetic CMEs in April-May 1998 (vol 27, pg 1431, 2000) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. RP Thompson, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 13 BP 1865 EP 1865 DI 10.1029/2000GL900010 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 331LY UT WOS:000088021600016 ER PT J AU Olsen, TG Nycum, LR Graham, RL Alagoz, T AF Olsen, TG Nycum, LR Graham, RL Alagoz, T TI Primary peritoneal carcinoma presenting on routine Papanicolaou smear SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE primary peritoneal carcinoma; Papanicolaou smear; carcinomatosis ID SEROUS PAPILLARY CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS; WOMEN AB Background. Primary peritoneal carcinoma is an uncommon disease, characterized by peritoneal carcinomatosis without other identifiable primary tumor. It typically presents resembling ovarian cancer, with abdominal pain and distention and in an advanced stage, We report a unique presentation of this disease. Case. A 76-year-old woman had severe glandular dysplasia on a screening Papanicolaou smear. An ectocervical lesion was biopsied, revealing moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, Cervical stenosis prevented sampling of the endocervix and endometrium, Colonoscopy and mammography did not reveal malignancy. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy was performed. Surgery revealed surface implants on the pelvic organs, with minimal involvement of the ovaries. Histologic examination revealed adenocarcinoma with papillary serous differentiation. Surgical and microscopic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of primary peritoneal carcinoma. Conclusion. Primary peritoneal carcinoma usually presents in a manner similar to that of ovarian cancer, but atypical presentations also occur. While a Papanicolaou smear suggestive of carcinoma usually represents a primary cervical malignancy, this case serves as a reminder that other metastatic malignancies should be considered. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Olsen, TG (reprint author), Dept OB GYN, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5812 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 332CN UT WOS:000088056000016 PM 10873414 ER PT J AU Sykes, MV Cutri, RM Fowler, JW Tholen, DJ Skrutskie, MF Price, S Tedesco, EF AF Sykes, MV Cutri, RM Fowler, JW Tholen, DJ Skrutskie, MF Price, S Tedesco, EF TI The 2MASS asteroid and comet survey SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; composition; near-infrared ID INFRARED JHK PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; KORONIS; PROGRAM; FAMILY; SAMPLE AB Over the course of three years, the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) will carry out a survey of the entire sky at J (1.25 mu m), H (1.65 mu m), and K-s (2.17 mu m) from telescopes in the northern and southern hemispheres. The initial public release of the survey data spans the period between June 7, 1997, and January 30, 1998, and covers approximately 6% of the sky. Asteroids and comets having known orbits were identified on the basis of their predicted positions as part of the pipeline processing of the data. The 2MASS sources associated with asteroids and comets are being compiled into a 2MASS Asteroid Catalog and 2MASS Comet Catalog. These catalogs are now available and will be updated at regular intervals as the survey progresses. The initial catalogs contain observations of 1054 asteroids and 2 comets, respectively. Near-infrared colors of asteroids of different taxa are shown, and an attempt is made to derive a simple compositional map of the asteroid belt, which is in agreement with previous work. The color-color distributions of Koronis asteroid family members are found to be distinct from those of other families in this sample. It is suggested that the Koronis parent body was differentiated and that different mineralogies had segregated on spatial scales much larger than 10 km prior to its catastrophic disruption. Two asteroids exhibiting unusual colors are examined, and a cautionary note is sounded about interpreting the colors of individual asteroids without considering the possibility of contamination by a background source. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBC, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Terrasys Inc, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Sykes, MV (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2000 VL 146 IS 1 BP 161 EP 175 DI 10.1006/icar.2000.6366 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 329UU UT WOS:000087927500013 ER PT J AU Basov, NG Hager, GD Ionin, AA Kotkov, AA Kurnosov, AK McCord, JE Napartovich, AP Seleznev, LV Turkin, NG AF Basov, NG Hager, GD Ionin, AA Kotkov, AA Kurnosov, AK McCord, JE Napartovich, AP Seleznev, LV Turkin, NG TI Efficient pulsed first-over-tone CO laser operating within the spectral range of 2.5-4.2 mu m SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE CO laser; first-overtone; laser efficiency; multiline; output spectrum; single line ID DELTA-UPSILON=2 AB Output characteristics of a single-pulse e-beam controlled discharge laser operating on the first-overtone (FO) transitions (Delta v = 2) of CO molecules have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Various sets of dielectric mirrors with high reflectivity in the range of the overtone spectrum have been used for the laser resonator. Multiwavelength lasing has been obtained in the wide spectral range of 2.5-4.1 mu m on vibrational transitions from 6 --> 4 up to 37 --> 35. A maximum output efficiency of 11%, the highest ever published for a FO CO laser, has been experimentally obtained for the broad-band multiline FO CO laser. Maximum specific output energy is 50 J/l Amagat, FO CO lasing was observed within a predischarge gas temperature range of 100-220 K, Spectral characteristics of the overtone laser operating on a selected set of vibrational bands have been analyzed theoretically. Theoretical calculations based on the experimental data predict that multiline FO CO laser efficiency can be increased up to 20%, Experiments with a single-pulse FO CO laser using a diffraction grating as a frequency-selective element demonstrated the feasibility of developing a frequency-tunable single-line FO CO laser. Tunable FO CO lasing on wavelengths from 2.7 up to 4.2 mu m corresponding to vibrational transitions from 13 --> 11 up to 38 --> 36 was obtained. The maximum specific output energy came up to 2.8 J/l Amagat, with single-line output efficiency being up to 0.6%. C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Basov, NG (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninsky Prospect 53, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Selenev, Leonid/K-7441-2015; Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015; Napartovich, Anatoly/C-1081-2016; Kotkov, Andrei/K-7590-2015 OI Selenev, Leonid/0000-0002-8121-9914; Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592; Kotkov, Andrei/0000-0001-5967-0840 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 36 IS 7 BP 810 EP 823 DI 10.1109/3.848353 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 332BA UT WOS:000088052100006 ER PT J AU Moore, GT Denman, CA Ross, TS AF Moore, GT Denman, CA Ross, TS TI Using multiple mutually incoherent fiber lasers to pump a coherent signal beam in an optical parametric oscillator SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear optics; optical frequency conversion; optical mixers; optical mixing; optical parametric oscillators ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE AB We use three-dimensional numerical modeling to show that multiple mutually incoherent lasers can be used to pump a single resonated coherent signal beam in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), We consider as an example an OPO based on periodically poled lithium niobate pumped noncollinearly by CW Yb-doped fiber lasers, Our modeling, which neglects thermal lensing, is appropriate when the average power is kept low by chopping or pulsing the pump beams at a low duty cycle. We find that a signal beam can be produced with near-diffraction-limited beam quality and power considerably exceeding that of a single pump laser. C1 USAF, Solid State Laser & Nonlinear Opt Branch, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Moore, GT (reprint author), USAF, Solid State Laser & Nonlinear Opt Branch, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 36 IS 7 BP 828 EP 834 DI 10.1109/3.848355 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 332BA UT WOS:000088052100008 ER PT J AU Spyker, RL Nelms, RM AF Spyker, RL Nelms, RM TI Classical equivalent circuit parameters for a double-layer capacitor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB As an emerging technology in the area of energy storage, the double-layer capacitor is a promising device for certain niche applications. The double-layer capacitor is a low voltage device exhibiting an extremely high capacitance value in comparison with other capacitor technologies of a similar physical size. Capacitors with values in excess of 1500 F are now available. In slow discharge applications on the order of a few seconds, the classical equivalent circuit for a double-layer capacitor, composed of a capacitance (C), an equivalent parallel resistance (EPR), and an equivalent series resistance (ESR), can adequately describe capacitor performance. The focus of this work is the determination of these parameters for four different capacitors from discharge data using standard laboratory equipment such as an oscilloscope. Capacitance values are calculated using a change in stored energy approach which allows determination of an initial capacitance, a discharge capacitance, and variations in capacitance with voltage. The sensitivity of ESR and capacitance to charge rate and initial charge voltage is also reported. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Spyker, RL (reprint author), AFRL, PRPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 81 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1109/7.869502 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 350TR UT WOS:000089117700009 ER PT J AU Mills, RF Prescott, GE AF Mills, RF Prescott, GE TI Detectability models for multiple access low-probability-of-intercept networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Increased demands for communications in the tactical battlefield have driven the development of multiple access low-probability-of-intercept (LPT) networks. Most detectability studies of LPI networks focus on the individual links of the network, in which the intercept and detectability calculations are conducted for a single network transmitter. We assume here that the interceptor does not attempt to distinguish one emitter from another, hut rather focuses on the operational status of the network so that LPI network performance duality metrics can be established. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 848 EP 858 DI 10.1109/7.869504 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 350TR UT WOS:000089117700011 ER PT J AU Sudhoff, SD Glover, SF Lamm, PT Schmucker, DH Delisle, DE AF Sudhoff, SD Glover, SF Lamm, PT Schmucker, DH Delisle, DE TI Admittance space stability analysis of power electronic systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGIES AB Power electronics based power distribution systems (PEDSs) are becoming increasingly common, particularly in marine and aerospace applications. Stability analysis of this class of systems is crucial due to the potential for negative impedance instability. Existing techniques of stability analysis introduce artificial conservativeness, are sensitive to component grouping, and at the same time do not explicitly address uncertainties and variations in operating point. A new stability criterion, which reduces artificial conservativeness and is also insensitive to component grouping is described. In addition, a means of readily establishing design specifications from an arbitrary stability criterion which specifically includes a provision to incorporate uncertainty, parameter variation, and nonlinearities is set forth. The method is presented in the context of a hardware test system and is experimentally validated. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. RP Sudhoff, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Elect Engn Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 16 TC 160 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 965 EP 973 DI 10.1109/7.869517 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 350TR UT WOS:000089117700023 ER PT J AU Xin, H Oates, DE Anderson, AC Slattery, RL Dresselhaus, G Dresselhaus, MS AF Xin, H Oates, DE Anderson, AC Slattery, RL Dresselhaus, G Dresselhaus, MS TI Comparison of power dependence of microwave surface resistance of unpatterned and patterned YBCO thin film SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE high-temperature superconductors; superconducting films; superconducting materials measurements; superconducting microwave devices; superconducting resonators ID RESONATOR AB The effect of the patterning process on the nonlinearity of the microwave surface resistance R-S of YBCO thin films is investigated in this paper. With the use of a sapphire dielectric resonator and a stripline resonator, the microwave R-S of YBCO thin films was measured before and after the patterning process, as a function of temperature and the RF peak magnetic field in the him, The microwave loss was also modeled, assuming a J(rf)(2) dependence of Z(S)(J(rf)) on current density J(rf). Experimental and modeled results show that the patterning has no observable effect on the microwave residual R-S or on the power dependence of R-S. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Xin, H (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1221 EP 1226 DI 10.1109/22.853465 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 334WR UT WOS:000088209100008 ER PT J AU Arnold, DG Sturtz, K Velten, V Nandhakumar, N AF Arnold, DG Sturtz, K Velten, V Nandhakumar, N TI Dominant-subspace invariants SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE dominant-subspace invariants; Lie group analysis; principal basis; quasi-invariants; thermophysical invariance; thermophysical model AB Object recognition requires robust and stable features that are unique in feature space. Lie group analysis provides a constructive procedure to determine such features, called invariants, when they exist. Absolute invariants are rare in general, so quasi-invariants relax the restrictions required for absolute invariants and, potentially, can be just as useful in real-world applications. This paper develops the concept of a dominant-subspace invariant, a particular type of quasi-invariant, using the theory of Lie groups. A constructive algorithm is provided that fundamentally seeks to determine an integral submanifold which, in practice, is a good approximation to the orbit of the Lie group action. This idea is applied to the long-wave infrared problem and experimental results are obtained supporting the approach. Other application areas are cited. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNAT, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Veridian Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Triveni Digital Inc, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 USA. RP Arnold, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 22 IS 7 BP 649 EP 662 DI 10.1109/34.865182 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 347LV UT WOS:000088931800001 ER PT J AU Martin, CE Keller, JG Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M AF Martin, CE Keller, JG Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M TI Color blindness and a color human visual system model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article AB A physiologically motivated human color visual system model which represents visual information with one brightness component (A) and two chromatic components (C-1 and C-2) is used to create stimuli for testing the color perception of deuteranomalous trichromats. Two experiments are performed. Using simple ramp patterns, the first experiment finds that three deuteranomalous trichromat test subjects can distinguish variations only in the C-2 component of the color vison model. This finding is further tested in the second experiment, a set of paired comparison preference tests. Two altered versions of each of three natural color images are prepared by setting either one of the color components to a constant over the full image. Pairs of an original and a distorted image are presented to the test subjects, and they are asked to indicate which image they prefer. Constant C-1 images are frequently preferred over originals, while constant C-2 images are described as appearing monochrome to the deuteranomalous trichromats. These experimental results indicate that the C-1 channel is severely attenuated in the deuteranomalous trichromat test subjects, and that nearly all their color sensation is mediated hy the C-2 channel of the color vision model. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Qualia Comp Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Martin, CE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1109/3468.852442 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 337UB UT WOS:000088379100010 ER PT J AU Palazotto, AN AF Palazotto, AN TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 77 EP 77 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2000)13:3(77) PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 325UC UT WOS:000087693900001 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN Greer, JM AF Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN Greer, JM TI Static-dynamic analyses of toroidal shells SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-DEFORMATION-THEORY; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; PLATES; VIBRATION; PANELS AB A corotational approach is used to analyze toroidal shells under static-dynamic lending. This approach decomposes the deformation into stretches and rigid-body rotations, examining the deformed state with respect to an orthogonal rigidly translated and rotated triad located at the point or interest on the deformed structure. The Jaumann stresses and strains are employed in the algorithm. Local and layerwise thickness stretching and shear warping functions are used to model the 3D behavior of the shell. These functions, developed through the use of the constitutive equations, enforce the continuity of stresses and displacements required at the ply interfaces and laminate surfaces. The model is validated against toroidal shell data available in the literature, and it shows good agreement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Naboulsi, SK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2000)13:3(110) PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 325UC UT WOS:000087693900006 ER PT J AU Pendleton, EW Bessette, D Field, PB Miller, GD Griffin, KE AF Pendleton, EW Bessette, D Field, PB Miller, GD Griffin, KE TI Active aeroelastic wing flight research program: Technical program and model analytical development SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 39th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 20-23, 1998 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The Active Aeroelastic Wing (AAW) Flight Research Program's (Pendleton, E., Griffin, K., Kehoe, RI., and Ferry, B., "A Flight Research Program for Active Aeroelastic Wing Technology," AIAA Paper 96-1574, April 1996 and Pendleton, E., Bessette, D., Field, P., Miller, G., and Griffin, K., "The Active Aeroelastic Wing Flight Research Program," AIAA Paper 98-1972, April 1998) technical content is presented and analytical model development is summarized. Goals of the AAW flight research program are to demonstrate, in full scale, key AAW parameters and to measure the aerodynamic, structural, and flight control characteristics associated with AAW. Design guidance, derived from the results of this benchmark flight program, will be provided for implementation on future aircraft designs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards, CA 93523 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. RP Pendleton, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 554 EP 561 DI 10.2514/2.2654 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 341LC UT WOS:000088591000002 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ AF Burke, WJ TI Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling: selected topics SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Huntsville Modeling Workshop CY OCT 26-30, 1998 CL GUNTERSVILLE, ALABAMA ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; POLAR-CAP POTENTIALS; PLASMA SHEET; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIGNATURES; FLOW; INTENSIFICATIONS; MAGNETOTAIL AB A broad outline is presented of what has been learned over the past decade concerning magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling, dynamic interchanges of particles and electromagnetic energy between magnetically conjugate regions of near-Earth space. Although the concept of M-I coupling is useful for relating characteristics of distant source regions to ionospheric signatures, it is fundamentally incomplete, and must include connections to the interplanetary medium. With single satellite missions "we've gone about as far as we can go". Ground-based magnetometer, optical and/or radar measurements are now routinely integrated with complementary data acquired by satellites to interpret electrodynamic signatures. Simultaneous measurements in the ionosphere and magnetosphere show that Alfven waves at Pi 2 frequencies are important sources of M-I coupling near times of substorm onsets. The same measurements suggest that the braking of bursty bulk how (BRF) structures is not important for triggering substorms. M-I coupling signatures of BBFs in the nightside ionosphere are compared with those of flux transfer and impulsive penetration events on the dayside. We then explore some implications of the hypothesis that BBF plasma is initially accelerated near the equatorial plane. Subsequent braking would result from electrodynamic coupling which redistributes energy and momentum to plasma in the high latitude parts of flux tubes and in the ionosphere. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 62 IS 10 BP 817 EP 824 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00036-5 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 350RB UT WOS:000089114000002 ER PT J AU Rhoden, EA Forbes, JM Marcos, FA AF Rhoden, EA Forbes, JM Marcos, FA TI The influence of geomagnetic and solar variabilities on lower thermosphere density SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; density; SETA; geomagnetic activity; solar flux variability ID ACTIVITY INDEXES; SPACED DATA; FLUX MODEL; EUV FLUX; PERIODICITIES; IRRADIANCE; ATMOSPHERE; STORMS AB Atmospheric density measurements near 200 km from the Satellite Electrostatic Triaxial Accelerometer (SETA) experiment are analyzed for geomagnetic and solar flux variability effects. Data from the SETA experiment, onboard two satellites, are available for the periods of May to November 1982, and July 1983 to March 1984. The data utilized the span +/-79.5 degrees latitude, and are available for both day (1030 LT) and night (2230 LT). Annual and semiannual density variations are removed and regression analyses are performed on the residuals using a series of lagged 3 h K-p indices to determine and remove geomagnetic fluctuations. Densities are found to increase by as much as 134% in response to an increase in the K-p index from 1 to 6. Monthly curves are generated for the K-p regression coefficients to delineate seasonal-latitudinal and day/night dependences, which reflect the effects of mean meridional advection of disturbances from high to low latitudes. Further analyses are performed comparing measured densities with MSISE-90 predictions. Results show that the model is able to capture many of the prominent features, but does not fully predict the level of variability for the individual disturbance periods analyzed. After the geomagnetic effects are removed, the residual densities are interpreted in terms of solar flux variability. The daily-averaged SETA density residuals are strongly correlated with long-term solar flux variability, and exhibit a much greater dependence on the 27-day solar rotation period than MSISE-90 predictions. Variations in residual density of the order of 10-20% occur in association with day-to-day and 27-day solar flux variations. The MSIS model does not accurately predict the magnitude of these short-term density variations in response to solar activity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rhoden, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI FORBES, JEFFREY/0000-0001-6937-0796 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 62 IS 11 BP 999 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00066-3 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 356XT UT WOS:000089470000005 ER PT J AU Cain, CP Toth, CA Thomas, RJ Noojin, GD Carothers, V Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA AF Cain, CP Toth, CA Thomas, RJ Noojin, GD Carothers, V Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA TI Comparison of macular versus paramacular retinal sensitivity to femtosecond laser pulses SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; biomedical optics; ophthalmology; femtosecond phenomena ID DAMAGE THRESHOLDS; PRIMATE EYE; RADIATION; LESIONS AB Single 130 fs laser pulses in the near-IR (800 nm) were used to create ophthalmoscopically viewed minimum visible lesions (MVLs) within the macular and paramacular regions in rhesus monkey eyes. MVL thresholds at 1 and 24 h are reported as the 50% probability for damage (ED50) together with their fiducial limits at the 95% confidence level. These measured thresholds are compared with previously reported thresholds for near-IR and visible wavelengths for both macular and paramacular areas. Threshold doses were lower at the 24 h reading than at the 1 h reading for both retinal regions and the ED(50)s for the macula were slightly lower than for the paramacula. We measured the 24 h MVL ED50 thresholds to be 0.35 and 0.55 mu l for the macular and paramacular areas, respectively. The combined data for both areas yielded a threshold of 0.45 mu l. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S1083-3668(00)00803-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Litton TASC Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, 8111 18th St, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 5 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1117/1.430002 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 343NE UT WOS:000088707800010 PM 10958618 ER PT J AU Lair, AV Wood, AW AF Lair, AV Wood, AW TI Existence of entire large positive solutions of semilinear elliptic systems SO JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE entire large solution; semilinear elliptic system AB We show that entire Large positive radial solutions exist for the semilinear elliptic system Delta u = p(|x|) v(alpha), Delta v = q(|x|) u(P) on R-N, N greater than or equal to 3, for positive alpha and beta, provided that the nonnegative functions p and q are continuous, c-positive, and satisfy the decay conditions integral(0)(infinity) tp(t) dt < infinity and integral(0)(infinity) tq(t) dt < infinity for alpha and beta greater than unity, and integral(0)(infinity) tq(t) dt = infinity and integral(0)(infinity) tq(t) dt = infinity if neither alpha nor beta is greater than orle. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-0396 J9 J DIFFER EQUATIONS JI J. Differ. Equ. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 164 IS 2 BP 380 EP 394 DI 10.1006/jdeq.2000.3768 PG 15 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 330QD UT WOS:000087972000007 ER PT J AU Seaford, ML AF Seaford, ML TI Special issue on compliant and alternative substrate technology - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seaford, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 29 IS 7 BP 893 EP 893 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0175-4 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QQ UT WOS:000089057500001 ER PT J AU Seaford, ML Tomich, DH Eyink, KG Grazulis, L Mahalingham, K Yang, Z Wang, WI AF Seaford, ML Tomich, DH Eyink, KG Grazulis, L Mahalingham, K Yang, Z Wang, WI TI Comparison of GaAs grown on standard Si (511) and compliant SOI (511) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Compliant and Alternative Substrate Technology CY SEP 19-23, 1999 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res, DARPA, Boeing, HRL Labs, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE GaAs; SOI substrate; Si substrate; compliant ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ON-INSULATOR; CRITICAL THICKNESS; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; QUALITY AB Gallium arsenide (GaAs) films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a (511) silicon substrate and a compliant (511) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The top silicon layer of the compliant (511) SOI was thinned to similar to 1000 Angstrom. The five inch diameter SOI wafer was created by wafer bonding. The GaAs (004) x-ray diffraction (XRD) reflection showed a 25% reduction in the full width half maximum (FWHM) for GaAs on a compliant (511) SOI as compared to GaAs on a silicon substrate. Cross section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) clearly indicates a different dislocation structure for the two substrates. The threading dislocation density is reduced by at least an order of magnitude in the compliant (511) SOI as compared to the (511) silicon. XTEM found dislocations and damage was generated in the top silicon layer of the compliant SOI substrate after GaAs growth. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Seaford, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 29 IS 7 BP 906 EP 908 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0179-0 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QQ UT WOS:000089057500005 ER PT J AU Tomich, DH Eyink, KG Grazulis, L Brown, GL Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Seaford, ML Kuo, CH Hwang, WY Lin, CH AF Tomich, DH Eyink, KG Grazulis, L Brown, GL Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Seaford, ML Kuo, CH Hwang, WY Lin, CH TI Comparison of InGaSb/InAs superlattice structures grown by MBE on GaSb, GaAs, and compliant GaAs substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Compliant and Alternative Substrate Technology CY SEP 19-23, 1999 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res, DARPA, Boeing, HRL Labs, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE InGaSb/InAs; MBE; compliant GaAs substrates ID INFRARED DETECTORS; BARRIER HEIGHTS; LAYERS; INSB AB This paper contains the characterization results for indium arsenide/indium gallium antimonide (InAs/lnGaSb) superlattices (SL) that were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on standard gallium arsenide (GaAs), standard GaSb, and compliant GaAs substrates. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, peak to valley (P-V) measurement, and surface roughness (RMS) measurements are reported for each sample. For the 5 mu m x 5 mu m Images, the P-V height and RMS measurements were 37 Angstrom and 17 Angstrom, 12 Angstrom and 2 Angstrom, and 10 Angstrom and 1.8 Angstrom for the standard GaAs, standard GaSb, and compliant GaAs respectively. The high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analysis found different 0(th) order SL peak to GaSb peak spacings for the structures grown on the different substrates. These peak separations are consistent with different residual strain states within the SL structures. Depending on the constants used to determine the relative shift of the valance and conduction bands as a function of strain for the individual layers, the change in the InAs conduction band to InGaSb valance band spacing could range from +7 meV to -41 meV for a lattice constant of 6.1532 Angstrom. The cutoff wavelength for the SL structure on the compliant GaAs, control GaSb, and control GaAs was 13.9 mu m, 11 mu m, and no significant response, respectively. This difference in cutoff wavelength corresponds to approximately a -23 meV change in the optical gap of the SL on the compliant GaAs substrate compared to the same SL on the control GaSb substrate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Appl Optoelect Inc, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. Univ Houston, SVEC & ECE Dept, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Tomich, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 29 IS 7 BP 940 EP 943 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0185-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QQ UT WOS:000089057500011 ER PT J AU Goeringer, KE Raymon, L Logan, BK AF Goeringer, KE Raymon, L Logan, BK TI Postmortem forensic toxicology of trazodone SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; trazodone; forensic toxicology; serotonin syndrome ID SEROTONIN SYNDROME; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; M-CHLOROPHENYLPIPERAZINE; DRUGS; FLUOXETINE; OVERDOSE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; EXPERIENCE; METABOLISM; MANAGEMENT AB Trazodone is a popular antidepressant medication that has been available for approximately 30 years. It has a reputation as a safe drug with relatively few reported fatalities attributed solely to it. We review the pharmacology and forensic toxicology of trazodone and report toxicology and cause and manner of death in a series of 37 deaths in which trazodone was detected. Although the normal upper therapeutic blood concentration for trazodone is about 2 mg/L, fatalities are rarely attributed solely to it at blood concentrations below 9 mg/L. Considering the pharmacology of the drug, potential interactions between other drugs with serotonin reuptake properties need to be considered, as does the increased susceptibility to the toxic effects in patients with pw-existing heart disease. In the cases reviewed, none were attributed solely to trazodone, although trazodone was frequently present together with other serotonergic drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like fluoxetine and sertraline. Ten cases had blood trazodone concentrations above 2 mg/L. Of these casts, trazodone played a primary role in the death of three subjects, with blood concentrations all greater than 9 mg/L. We confirm the conclusions of others that trazodone is a relatively safe drug except in massive overdose, although its toxicity may be influenced by the presence of other drugs and underlying pathophysiology. C1 Washington State Patrol, Bur Forens Lab Serv, Washington State Toxicol Lab, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Pathol, Toxicol Lab, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Logan, BK (reprint author), Washington State Patrol, Bur Forens Lab Serv, Washington State Toxicol Lab, 2203 Airport Way S, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 45 IS 4 BP 850 EP 856 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 332CJ UT WOS:000088055600017 PM 10914583 ER PT J AU Ford, KA Hall, CD AF Ford, KA Hall, CD TI Singular direction avoidance steering for control-moment gyros SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK-CONTROL AB A new form of the equations of motion for a spacecraft with single gimbal control moment gyros (CMG) is developed using a momentum approach. This set of four vector equations describing the rotational motion of the system is of order 2N + 7, where N is the number of CMGs. The central input is an N X 1 column vector of torques applied to the gimbal axes. A modification to a singularity robust Lyapunov control law is examined and compared to that control law. Specifically, the attempt to avoid singular gimbal configurations is abandoned in favor of simply avoiding movement in the singular direction. The singular value decomposition is used to compute a pseudoinverse that prevents large gimbal rate commands near or at actual singularities. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ford, KA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 84 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 648 EP 656 DI 10.2514/2.4610 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 335TH UT WOS:000088260500009 ER PT J AU He, Z Spain, JC AF He, Z Spain, JC TI One-step production of picolinic acids from 2-aminophenols catalyzed by 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocatalysis; picolinic acids; 2-aminophenol; aminophenol dioxygenase; ring cleavage ID PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; NITROBENZENE; DEGRADATION; PATHWAY AB Picolinic acids have been synthesized previously from catechols by the action of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and a subsequent chemical reaction in the presence of ammonia. 2-Aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase catalyzes ring cleavage of several ortho-aminophenols. The ring fission products spontaneously convert to picolinic acids. Resting cells of Escherichia coli DH5 alpha/pNBZ14 harboring the genes for 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase converted 2-aminophenol and 6-amino-m-cresol to picolinic acid and 5-methylpicolinic acid with yields greater than 90%. The results provide a convenient strategy for the synthesis of substituted picolinic acids from the corresponding aminophenols. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Bldg 1117,139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.7000018 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 346JA UT WOS:000088866200005 ER PT J AU Smith, PR Rosenberger, AH Shepard, MJ Wheeler, R AF Smith, PR Rosenberger, AH Shepard, MJ Wheeler, R TI A P/M approach for the fabrication of an orthorhombic titanium aluminide for MMC applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID HEAT-TREATMENT; TI-22AL-23NB; COMPOSITES; TENSILE AB A study has been undertaken to examine the feasibility of using a powder metallurgy (P/M) approach for the fabrication of an orthorhombic (O; Ti(2)AlNb)-based titanium aluminide alloy intended for use as a matrix in a continuous fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite (TMC). Spherical powder of Ti-22Al-26Nb (at%) was produced using inert gas atomization. The atomized powder was sieved to -80 mesh (< 177 mu m) size fraction and used in the fabrication of unreinforced "neat" panels via the tape casting process. Microstructural and phase chemistry examinations of the as-produced powder, thermally exposed powder and neat matrix were conducted using back-scatter electron scanning electron microscope (BSE SEM) imaging, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), and TEM analysis. Mechanical behavior studies of the as-fabricated and heat treated neat material included: tensile, creep and isothermal fatigue. Results obtained for the P/M-based neat material were compared to previously obtained foil-based neat data, and to those property requirements necessary to be considered for use as a matrix in the fabrication of O TMCs. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Smith, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.shepard@afrl.af.mil NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 35 IS 13 BP 3169 EP 3179 DI 10.1023/A:1004833629778 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 324AY UT WOS:000087599900001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RI Phillips, SH Hoflund, GB AF Gonzalez, RI Phillips, SH Hoflund, GB TI In situ oxygen-atom erosion study of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-siloxane copolymer SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYMERS; EXPOSURE; BEAM AB The surface of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-siloxane copolymer film has been characterized in situ by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after exposore to incremental fluences of oxygen atoms produced by a hyperthermal oxygen atom source. The data indicate that the atomic oxygen initially attacks the cyclohexyl groups that surround the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane cage, resulting in the formation and desorption of CO2 from the surface. The carbon concentration in the near-surface region is reduced from 65.0 at% for the as-entered surface to 16.3 at% following 63 h of O-atom exposure at a flux of 2 x 10(13) O atoms/cm(2) s. The oxygen and silicon concentrations are increased with incremental exposures to the O-atom flux, but the rates of increase slow with increased exposure. The oxygen concentration increases from 18.5 at% for the as-entered sample to 55.7 at% following the 63-h exposure, and the silicon concentration increases from 16.6 to 28.0 at%. The data reveal the formation of a silica layer on the surface, which serves as a protective barrier preventing further degradation of the underlying polymer with increased exposure to the O-atom Bur. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gonzalez, RI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 34 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.2514/2.3606 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 341HD UT WOS:000088584200008 ER PT J AU Staehler, JM Zawada, LP AF Staehler, JM Zawada, LP TI Performance of four ceramic-matrix composite divergent flap inserts following ground testing on an F110 turbofan engine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference and Exposition of the American-Ceramic-Society CY JAN 15, 1997 CL COCOA BEACH, FLORIDA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID WOVEN C/SIC COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BORON-NITRIDE; OXIDATION RESISTANCE; KINETICS; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB Four ceramic-matrix composite flap inserts were evaluated following ground testing on a General Electric F110 turbofan engine. Three of the composites accumulated similar to 117 h of engine time. The fourth composite, a Nextel(TM) 720 material with aluminosilicate matrix, accumulated similar to 40 h. Large through-thickness cracks developed along the longitudinal edges of a NicalonTM/Al2O3 insert and the Nextel 720/aluminosilicate insert. The cracks developed because of high tensile stresses caused by the steep in-plane thermal gradients induced across the flap width during afterburner lights. The Nextel 720/aluminosilicate insert also exhibited severe surface wear associated with the acoustic environment and contact with the adjacent divergent seals. Neither a Nicalon/silicon nitrocarbide insert nor a Nicalon/C insert exhibited significant signs of distress. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Ceram Dev & Mat Behav Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Staehler, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Ceram Dev & Mat Behav Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1727 EP 1738 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 333HF UT WOS:000088124300026 ER PT J AU Lin, CC Zangvil, A Ruh, R AF Lin, CC Zangvil, A Ruh, R TI Phase evolution in silicon carbide-whisker-reinforced mullite/zirconia composite during long-term oxidation at 1000 degrees to 1350 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SIC-WHISKER; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; BETA-CRISTOBALITE; ZIRCONIA CONTENT; MG-CORDIERITE; MULLITE; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; SPINEL AB A composite consisting of 30 wt% SiC whiskers and a mullite-based matrix (mullite-32.4 wt% ZrO2-2.2 wt% MgO) was isothermally exposed in air at 1000 degrees-1350 degrees C, for up to 1000 h, Microstructural evolution in the oxidized samples was investigated using X-rap diffractometry and analytical transmission electron microscopy. Amorphous SiO2, formed through the oxidation of SIC whiskers, was devitrified into cristobalite at T greater than or equal to 1200 degrees C and into quartz at 1000 degrees C. At T greater than or equal to 1200 degrees C, the reaction between ZrO2 and SiO2 resulted in zircon, and prismatic secondary mullite grains mere formed via a solution-reprecipitation mechanism in severely oxidized regions. Ternary compounds, such as sapphirine and cordierite, also mere found after long-term exposure at T greater than or equal to 1200 degrees C. C1 Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Frederik Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, CC (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1797 EP 1803 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 333HF UT WOS:000088124300035 ER PT J AU Brasseur, JK Roos, PA Repasky, KS Carlsten, JL AF Brasseur, JK Roos, PA Repasky, KS Carlsten, JL TI Coherent anti-Stokes emission in a continuous-wave Raman laser in H-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB We report the observation of cw coherent anti-Stokes emission from a nonresonant cw Raman laser in Ha. The anti-Stokes emission is collinear with the pump and Stokes beams with a Gaussian spatial profile. The external anti-Stokes to Stokes power ratio is 26.3 parts per million when the laser cavity is tuned to the center of the Raman resonance and higher for slight detuning from line center. A steady-state theory is presented that accurately describes the anti-Stokes behavior as a function of output Stokes power and detuning from the Raman resonance. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(00)01507-1]. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Brasseur, JK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.17.001223 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331WN UT WOS:000088041800016 ER PT J AU Brasseur, JK Roos, PA Meng, LS Carlsten, JL AF Brasseur, JK Roos, PA Meng, LS Carlsten, JL TI Frequency tuning characteristics of a continuous-wave Raman laser in H-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB In light of possible spectroscopic applications, we examine the continuous frequency tuning characteristics of a nonresonant continuous-wave Raman laser in Hz. We demonstrate a continuous tuning range for the Raman-shifted Stokes output of roughly 2.5 GHz, which is limited by spatial mode hops. Nearly constant output power across this range is predicted and observed by pumping the Raman laser cavity near four times threshold. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(00)01307-2]. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Brasseur, JK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1229 EP 1232 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.17.001229 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331WN UT WOS:000088041800017 ER PT J AU Tate, RF Anderson, BT Keating, PB Hager, GD AF Tate, RF Anderson, BT Keating, PB Hager, GD TI Diode-laser Zeeman spectroscopy of atomic iodine SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAIN MEASUREMENTS; MODULATION AB The Zeeman spectra of atomic iodine in the presence of a magnetic field ranging from 0 to 400 G has been directly observed with a high-resolution 1.3-mu m diode laser tuned across the I(P-2(1/2)) --> I(P-2(3/2)) hyperfine transitions in a heated I-2 cell. Experimental results for both sigma(Delta M-F = 0) and pi(Delta MF = +/- 1) transitions are presented and compared with a theoretical model with good agreement. A Gaussian fit to zero-field spectral lines gives a measure of gas temperature and peak absorption in agreement with calculated values based on experimental conditions. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(00)02007-5]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Gas & Chem Laser Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA 01810 USA. RP Tate, RF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Gas & Chem Laser Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1271 EP 1278 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.17.001271 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331WN UT WOS:000088041800022 ER PT J AU Freeman, RK Rigby, FA Morley, N AF Freeman, RK Rigby, FA Morley, N TI Temperature-dependent reflectance of plated metals and composite materials under laser irradiation SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 29th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 15-18, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Experiments were performed to investigate laser-heating-induced changes in the surface properties of metals and composite structural materials commonly used in aerospace applications. The objective of this test series was to determine the effect of surface heating on the 1,3-mu m-wavelength laser reflectance of these materials. Reflectance measurements were made using a unique hemiellipsoidal reflectometer. Polished metals, plated metals, and composite materials were tested to determine their temperature-dependent reflectance characteristics in vacuum and air environments. This experiment series produced temperature-dependent, 1.3-mu m laser reflectance curves for use in surface degradation analyses. All of the finishes investigated on duplex stainless-steel substrates increase the low-temperature, 1.3-mu m reflectance compared to the unpolished steel. However, the reflectance decreases dramatically at elevated temperatures when the surfaces discolor. The large reflectance transition observed for the polished and plated steel coupons in air also occur in vacuum. The polished aluminum alloys had a higher 1.3-mu m reflectance than the plated aluminum samples throughout the temperature range. The elevated temperature reflectance of S-glass epoxy is irradiance dependent. Low irradiance creates a black char. A higher irradiance can ignite the char and form a lighter, more reflective surface. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Test & Evaluat Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effects Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Technol Integrat & Prod Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Freeman, RK (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Test & Evaluat Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.2514/2.6546 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 337DU UT WOS:000088342800003 ER PT J AU Rahman, MM Bula, AJ Leland, JE AF Rahman, MM Bula, AJ Leland, JE TI Analysis of transient conjugate heat transfer to a free impinging jet SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID PRANDTL NUMBER LIQUID; UNIFORM WALL TEMPERATURE; INITIALLY LAMINAR; SUBMERGED JETS; CIRCULAR JETS; SOLID-SURFACE; IMPINGEMENT; DISK; REGION; FLUX AB Transient conjugate heat transfer during the impingement of a freejet of high Prandtl number fluid on a solid disk of finite thickness is considered. When power is turned on at t = 0, a uniform heat Bur is imposed on the disk surface. The numerical model considers both solid and fluid regions. Equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are solved in the liquid region, with the transport processes at the inlet and exit boundaries, as well as at the solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces taken into account. In the solid region, only heat conduction equation is solved. The shape and location of the free surface (liquid-gas interface) is determined iteratively as a part of the solution process by satisfying the kinematic condition as well as the balance of normal and shear forces at this interface. Computed results include the velocity, temperature, and pressure distributions in the fluid and the local and average heat transfer coefficients at the solid-fluid interface. Computations are carried out to investigate the influence of different operating parameters such as jet velocity, disk thickness, and disk material. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aero Propuls & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rahman, MM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.2514/2.6549 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 337DU UT WOS:000088342800006 ER PT J AU Camberos, JA AF Camberos, JA TI Nonlinear time-step constraints based on the second law of thermodynamics SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS AB Numerical calculations for a time-accurate solution of the equations of fluid dynamics often require a time-step constraint. One can reduce this constraint to an inequality relating the time step, the grid spacing, and some reference wave velocity. Historically, the literature in numerical analysis refers to this parametric cluster as the Courant number (nondimensional) and the condition for the linear case as the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition. Classically, numerical analysis relies on linearization and von Neumann's use of Fourier series to derive the CFL condition. In practice, computational fluid dynamics mostly relies on rules of thumb and heuristic arguments to justify the equation that determines time-step size and numerical stability for complicated and nonlinear calculations. The approach proposed in this paper uses the second law of thermodynamics as a way of imposing a restriction on the time step, applied to linear and nonlinear equations and systems of equations like the equations of gas dynamics. Basically, by transforming the truncation error for the numerical formula approximating a conservation equation into an equation representing the balance of entropy, one can obtain an inequality that restricts the time step to satisfy the second law. The second law as developed extends its role by analogy for the simple linear advection equation, then a nonlinear equation, and finally a system of equations representing the one-dimensional equations of gas dynamics. In each case results obtained agree with the classical approach for linear equations but differ in others, indicating that the second law has significant implications beyond its role in thermodynamics. This work develops the topic only for explicit numerical algorithms with truncation errors no greater than second order. By conjecture one expects that the most general conclusions will field for implicit and higher-order methods because of the universality of the second law and the concept of entropy. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Camberos, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 435 EP 449 DI 10.2514/2.6541 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 337DU UT WOS:000088342800018 ER PT J AU Probasco, DP Leger, TJ Wolff, JM Copenhaver, WW Chriss, RM AF Probasco, DP Leger, TJ Wolff, JM Copenhaver, WW Chriss, RM TI Variations in upstream vane loading with changes in back pressure in a transonic compressor SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 07-10, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA AB Dynamic loading of an inlet guide vane (IGV) in a transonic compressor is characterized by unsteady IGV surface pressures. These pressure data were acquired for two spanwise locations at a 105 percent speed operating condition, which produces supersonic relative Mach numbers over the majority of the rotor blade span. The back pressure of the compressor was varied to determine the effects from such changes. Strong bow shock interaction was evident in both experimental and computational results. Variations in the back pressure have significant influence on the magnitude and phase of the upstream pressure fluctuations. The largest unsteady surface pressure magnitude, 40 kPa, was obtained for the near-stall mass flow condition at 75 percent span and 95 percent chord Radial variation effects caused by the spanwise variation in relative Mach number were measured. Comparisons to a two-dimensional nonlinear unsteady blade/vane Navier-Stokes analysis show good agreement for the 50 percent span results in terms of IGV unsteady surface pressure. The results of the the study indicate that significant nonlinear bow shock influences exist on the IGV trailing edge due to the downstream rotor shock system. [S0889-504X(00)00303-2]. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 43210 USA. RP Probasco, DP (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1115/1.1303074 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NK UT WOS:000167106500009 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Liu, CT AF Kwon, YW Liu, CT TI Prediction of initial crack size in particulate composites with a circular hole SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS COMPOSITES; DAMAGE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edward AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0093-6413(00)00113-0 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 352CP UT WOS:000089197200006 ER PT J AU Trevino, S AF Trevino, S TI Antibiotic resistance monitoring: A laboratory perspective SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol AB Efficient monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AR) can produce timely and important data and information that will benefit patients and could assist in the detection of a bioterrorist event. The microbiology laboratory staff of the largest U.S. Air Force medical facility attempted to improve AR monitoring at their hospital by reviewing their current capabilities and the capabilities of other available monitoring systems. The systems reviewed included the DataTrac System (Vitek bioMerieux, Hazelwood, Missouri) and the military Composite Health Care System, which were already in use, and the WHONET 5 (World Heath Organization, Geneva, Switzerland) and The Surveillance Network (MRL Pharmaceutical Services, Herndon, Virginia), The Surveillance Network was selected for incorporation into the hospital AR monitoring program with modifications to comply with military command requirements. Information gathered during the review and selection process are presented and may be helpful to others who are looking to improve their hospital AR monitoring programs. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Trevino, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59 MDW,MTLLM,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suit 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200015 PM 10920637 ER PT J AU Huff, WB AF Huff, WB TI Planning for the future: The Department of Defense Laboratory Joint Working Group and Global Laboratory Information Transfer SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol AB The Department of Defense (DoD) Laboratory Joint Working Group plans unified laboratory strategy under the auspices of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Board of Governors. One goal of the Laboratory Joint Working Group is to advocate clinical integration through automation of data transfer between medical treatment facilities using the DoD standard platform, Composite Health Care System (CHCS). A working group project team is implementing global laboratory information transfer, which enables CHCS-to-CHCS communication throughout the DoD, A prerequisite to global laboratory information transfer is the standardization of laboratory test nomenclature across all CHCS systems using LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers, Names and Codes). This makes possible easier access to information among caregivers and therapeutic and public health disease managers and enhances global surveillance of disease outbreaks and continuity of care. The end result is the first-ever electronic transfer of laboratory results between all DoD facilities. C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Huff, WB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, 311th Human Syst Wing,2601 West Gate,Suite 114, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 46 EP 47 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200017 PM 10920639 ER PT J AU Canas, LC Lohman, K Pavlin, JA Endy, T Singh, DL Pandey, P Shrestha, MP Scott, RM Russell, KL Watts, D Hajdamowicz, M Soriano, I Douce, RW Neville, J Gaydos, JC AF Canas, LC Lohman, K Pavlin, JA Endy, T Singh, DL Pandey, P Shrestha, MP Scott, RM Russell, KL Watts, D Hajdamowicz, M Soriano, I Douce, RW Neville, J Gaydos, JC TI The Department of Defense laboratory-based global influenza surveillance system SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol ID DISEASES AB Military global influenza surveillance began in 1976 as an Air Force program. In 1997, the Department of Defense (DoD) Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System expanded the program to include all services. Also included were local residents in areas where DoD overseas research activities operated. This new, worldwide DoD surveillance infrastructure provides valuable information and can respond quickly to outbreaks, This was demonstrated during the current influenza season when a suspected outbreak was reported in Panama. In less than 3 weeks, specimens mere collected, transported, and cultured, and isolates mere subtyped and sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for further studies. This influenza surveillance initiative combines viral isolation, antigenic characterization, and molecular sequencing with clinical and public health management of information. The information obtained is shared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization and has contributed to important decisions in influenza vaccine composition. C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Canas, LC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Surveillance Div, 2601 W Gate Rd,Suite 114, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200019 PM 10920641 ER PT J AU Piantanida, NA Knapik, JJ Brannen, S O'Connor, F AF Piantanida, NA Knapik, JJ Brannen, S O'Connor, F TI Injuries during Marine Corps officer basic training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES; OVERUSE INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; EXERCISE; RECRUITS; SOLDIERS AB On average, about 25% of male and 50% of female enlisted recruits sustain one or more injuries during basic training. Because data on military officer populations are sparse, this study investigated injury incidence, injury rates, and modified duty days that occurred during Marine Corps officer basic training (6 weeks in length). Subjects were 480 officer candidates (including 30 females) undergoing training at Quantico, Virginia. The cumulative injury incidence (one or more injuries) was 60,8%, and the injury rate was 3.9 per 1,000 candidate hours of training. There were 378 primary injury encounters (first visit for a specific injury), The highest injury rates occurred during weeks 2, 3, and 6, Male injury categories with the highest rates (injuries per 100 trainees per 1,000 training hours) were blisters (0,68), sprains (0.58), and bone stress reactions (0.40). The highest injury rates in females were for bone stress reactions (1.35). On average, a total of 3.1% of training days constituted modified duty for each candidate. This study provides basic descriptive injury data for this unique military population that can assist in future planning for injury management and preventive interventional strategies. C1 USA, Hlth Clin, Hickam AFB, HI 96818 USA. RP Piantanida, NA (reprint author), USA, Hlth Clin, Schofield Barracks, Hickam AFB, HI 96818 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335DF UT WOS:000088227300005 PM 10920649 ER PT J AU Waisel, DB Vanscoy, SE Tice, LH Bulger, KL Schmelz, JO Perucca, PJ AF Waisel, DB Vanscoy, SE Tice, LH Bulger, KL Schmelz, JO Perucca, PJ TI Activities of an ethics consultation service in a tertiary military medical center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIANS AB The joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires hospitals to have a mechanism to address issues of medical ethics. Most hospitals, especially those in the military, have an ethics committee composed solely of members who serve as an additional duty. To enhance the ethics consultation service, the 59th Medical Wing created a position under the chief of the medical staff for a full-time, fellowship-trained medical ethicist. After establishment of this position, the number of consultations increased, a systematic program for caregiver education was developed and delivered, and an organizational presence was achieved by instituting positions on the institutional review board, the executive committee of the medical staff, and the credentials committee. Issues in medical care are becoming increasingly complicated, due in large part to financial stresses and technological advancements. Ethics consultation can help prevent and resolve many of these problems. This report discusses the activities of the first year of a full-time ethicist in a tertiary military medical center. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Off Eth, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Waisel, DB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Off Eth, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Waisel, David/0000-0002-5307-4092 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 BP 528 EP 532 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335DF UT WOS:000088227300008 PM 10920652 ER PT J AU Peterson, AL Helton, J AF Peterson, AL Helton, J TI Smoking cessation and weight gain in the military SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-RATE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NICOTINE GUM; BODY-WEIGHT; WOMEN; SMOKERS; ABSTINENCE AB Many studies of civilian populations have found a significant relationship between smoking cessation and weight gain. However. the effect of voluntary smoking cessation on weight for military personnel has not been studied. The present study evaluated 70 active duty military members (55 males and 15 females) who quit smoking after participating in an 8-week smoking cessation program. The results indicated that 88% of the participants gained weight and that the average weight gain was 6.4 lb (males, 5.5 lb; females, 9.8 lb), These results are particularly noteworthy because weight gain in military members may result in administrative actions for individuals exceeding weight standards. The authors recommend that military officials consider adopting a one-time temporary weight waiver for active duty military members who successfully quit smoking to help prevent any negative administrative consequences of post-cessation weight gain. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Peterson, AL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59 MDOS-MMCNB,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 BP 536 EP 538 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335DF UT WOS:000088227300010 PM 10920654 ER PT J AU Bula, AJ Rahman, MM Leland, JE AF Bula, AJ Rahman, MM Leland, JE TI Numerical modeling of conjugate heat transfer during impingement of free liquid jet issuing from a slot nozzle SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RECTANGULAR IMPINGING JETS; PLANAR JET; SURFACE; FLOW; THROUGHFLOW; SIMULATION; VELOCITY; WATER AB The conjugate heat transfer from discrete heat sources to a two-dimensional jet of a high Prandtl number fluid discharging from a slot nozzle is considered The variation of solid and fluid properties with temperature,vas taken into account in the numerical simulation. The geometry of the free surface was after mined iteratively. The influence of different operating parameters such as jet velocity, heat pur, plate thickness, plate material, and the location of the heat generating electronics were investigated, It was found that in addition to jet Reynolds number (Re) plate thickness and its thermal conductivity have significant influence on temperature distribution and average Nusselt number (Nu). C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Engn Mech, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USAF, Aero Propuls & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rahman, MM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Engn Mech, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENG 135, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 1040-7782 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 45 EP 66 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 345DV UT WOS:000088800900003 ER PT J AU Chilton, L Suri, M AF Chilton, L Suri, M TI On the construction of stable curvilinear p version elements for mixed formulations of elasticity and Stokes flow SO NUMERISCHE MATHEMATIK LA English DT Article ID LOCKING AB The use of mixed finite element methods is well-established in the numerical approximation of the problem of nearly incompressible elasticity, and its limit, Stokes flow. The question of stability over curved elements for such methods is of particular significance in the p version, where, since the element size remains fixed, exact representation of the curved boundary by (large) elements is often used. We identify a mixed element which we show to be optimally stable in both p and h, refinement over curvilinear meshes. We prove optimal p version (up to O(p(epsilon))) and h version (p = 2, 3) convergence for our element, and illustrate its optimality through numerical experiments. Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 65N30. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Chilton, L (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lchilton@afit.af.mil; suri@math.umbc.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-599X J9 NUMER MATH JI Numer. Math. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1007/PL00005402 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 339DX UT WOS:000088463300002 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Hermesch, CB Charlton, DG AF Roberts, HW Hermesch, CB Charlton, DG TI The use of resin composite pins to improve retention of class IV resin composite restorations SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOND STRENGTH; DENTIN AB This study evaluated the effect of an intracoronal resin composite pin on Class IV resin composite restorations. A control group of 16 bovine teeth was prepared with standardized conventional Class IV preparations. For an experimental group, 16 similar Class IV preparations were made, with the addition of an intracoronal pin channel prepared with a #330 bur into the dentin, All specimens were restored with Herculite XRV and OptiBond according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After one week, specimens were placed in an Instron Universal Testing Machine and loaded at 90 degrees to the long axis until the restorations failed. Results indicated that the mean fracture load of the Class IV restoration group, with the resin composite pin, was 36% higher than the conventional Class IV group (p=0.02). An intracoronal resin composite pin may aid the retention and resistance form of complex resin composite restorations. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, USAF Dent Investigat Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 270 EP 273 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 330YR UT WOS:000087989700006 PM 11203830 ER PT J AU Branning, D Grice, W Erdmann, R Walmsley, IA AF Branning, D Grice, W Erdmann, R Walmsley, IA TI Interferometric technique for engineering indistinguishability and entanglement of photon pairs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; 2 PHOTONS; INTERFERENCE; DISTINGUISHABILITY; INFORMATION; COHERENCE; PULSES; PUMP AB We give a detailed account of a recently introduced technique to suppress distinguishing information in the space-time component of the state vector of a pair of photons. The method works by creating interference between two possible ways for each photon to occupy any given space-time mode. Under certain conditions, this technique also allows the preparation of the two photons in a highly entangled space-time state. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNDP, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Branning, D (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP art. no. EP 013814 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.013814 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333QB UT WOS:000088139800103 ER PT J AU Rosado, L Forster, NH Trivedi, HK King, JP AF Rosado, L Forster, NH Trivedi, HK King, JP TI Solid lubrication of silicon nitride with cesium-based compounds: Part I - Rolling contact endurance, friction and wear SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE solid lubrication; silicon nitride; complex chalcogenides; cesium; rolling contact; bonded coatings ID TEMPERATURES AB The high temperature rolling contact endurance, friction, and wear of 16 cesium-based compounds with solid lubricating properties were investigated on silicon nitride (Si3N4) Some were also investigated on bearing tool steels and several state-of-the-art high temperature solid lubricants were investigated for comparison. Experiments were conducted in air at temperatures rip to 650 degrees C, contact stresses lip to 4.34 GPa, and a pure rolling surface speed of 1.8 m/s. Although all of the cesium-based compounds exhibited self-lubricating properties, the best overall performance was achieved with a cesium silicate reaction film formed in-situ (Cs2O . xSiO(2)) and a hydrated cesium silicate bonded coating (Cs2O . 3SiO(2). nH(2)O). Bonded coatings of cesium oxythiotungstate + tungsten disulfide mixture (Cs2WOS3 + WS2) and cesium hydroxide (CsOH) also performed well. It is hypothesized that high temperature chemical reactions between the cesium-containing compounds and the silicon nitride surface form a lubricious cesium silicate film. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Desilube Technol Inc, Lansdale, PA 19446 USA. RP Rosado, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3 BP 489 EP 497 DI 10.1080/10402000008982368 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 328CJ UT WOS:000087831000019 ER PT J AU Rosado, L Forster, NH Wittberg, TN AF Rosado, L Forster, NH Wittberg, TN TI Solid lubrication of silicon nitride with cesium-based compounds: Part II - Surface analysis SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE solid lubrication; silicon nitride; complex chalcogenides; cesium; alkali silicates ID OXIDATION; WEAR AB Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to characterize the wear surfaces of selected samples from Part I of the authors study. Results are presented for films generated an silicon nitride (Si3N4) originally coated with cesium oxytrithiotungstate (Cs2WOS3), cesium sulfate (Cs2SO4), and a hydrated cesium silicate (Cs2O . 3SiO(2). nH(2)O), all applied in a sodium silicate binder (Na2SiO3). Results show the presence of mostly Si, O, and Cs within the wear tracks of post-tested specimens. In some cases, W and S were not detected on samples that originally contained these elements, suggesting that decomposition had taken place. To simulate the reactions that might occur in a tribo-contact, mixtures of Si3N4, and Cs2WOS3 powders were heated in air to 700 degrees C and analyzed using XPS and Bremsstrahlung-excited AES. It was found that Cs2WOS3 accelerates the formation of SiO2 on Si3N4 under static conditions. These results support our hypothesis that high temperature chemical reactions between the cesium-containing compounds and the Si3N4 surface form a lubricious cesium silicate film. A mechanism is proposed based on the glass-modifying tendency of alkali metals and the hot-corrosion of Si3N4. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Rosado, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1080/10402000008982372 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 328CJ UT WOS:000087831000023 ER PT J AU Snyder, CE Glass, SM Olson, KS Nimitz, JS Cayce, JM Paulson, RL AF Snyder, CE Glass, SM Olson, KS Nimitz, JS Cayce, JM Paulson, RL TI FICs - Nonflammable, non-ozone-depleting solvents for cleaning aerospace components SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE cleaning fluids; safety; toxicity; pollution AB A new class of fluoroiodocarbons (FIC) based solvents has been developed and demonstrated as effective replacements for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for cleaning aerospace components of commonly encountered soils. The soils included aircraft hydraulic fluids, engine oils, fuels, greases and other soils. The cleaning effectiveness of these solvents was compared to the CFC solvent, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, the most widely used solvent in the aerospace industry prior to its being banned because of its ozone depletion characteristics. While a number of other solvents have been investigated and are being used in the industry today, none of the replacements being used has the same effectiveness and useful properties as the CFCs. FICs demonstrate the desirable properties of the CFCs bur have zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Environm Technol & Educ Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Snyder, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.1080/10402000008982373 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 328CJ UT WOS:000087831000024 ER PT J AU Ma, HZ Dai, SG Huang, GL AF Ma, HZ Dai, SG Huang, GL TI Distribution of tributyltin chloride in laboratory simulated estuarine microcosms SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tributyltin; sediment; pore water; estuarine microcosm; sorption ID WATER; SEDIMENT; BEHAVIOR; SPECIATION; SORPTION; LAKE; PH AB The sorption of tributyltin (TBT) chloride from aqueous solution to sediment and partitioning between overlying water and pore water were investigated in both batch sorption experiments and laboratory simulated estuarine microcosms using the natural sediment collected from Tianjin Harbor. Sorption coefficients of 8862 l/kg at 25 degrees C and 7511 l/kg at 35 degrees C were respectively obtained from batch adsorption isotherms. Rates of adsorption and desorption in the sediment were fast with 98% of the maximum sorbed amount by the sediment and 80% of the equilibrium aqueous TBT concentration desorbed from the sediment achieved within 30 min. The sorption of TBT on the sediment was a reversible process. The rate of TBT partitioning into pore water was more rapid than the sorption process and the apparently fast rate of the sorption in the upper sediment was due to mixing between pore water and overlying water. Salinity had little effect on the sorption of TBT on the sediment while the partitioning coefficient between pore water and surface water decreased with increasing salinity. The pH had significant effects on both sorption on the sediment and partition into the pore water. A study in simulated estuarine microcosms indicated that TBT sorption on the sediment followed the process of TBT partitioning into the pore water after TBT rapidly disappeared from the overlying water. Microbial activity promoted the distribution of TBT in the pore water and sediment. Biodegradation of TBT to DBT, MBT and even inorganic tin occurred in the lower layers of sediment samples. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Nankai Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Ma, HZ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2829 EP 2841 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00032-4 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 321CD UT WOS:000087436600025 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Chao, SY Coil, GA Fonseca, VP AF Robbins, AS Chao, SY Coil, GA Fonseca, VP TI Costs of smoking among active duty US Air Force personnel - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 441-445, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USAF, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv Assessment, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), USAF, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv Assessment, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 28 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 24 BP 3193 EP 3195 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 326TY UT WOS:000087753900014 ER PT J AU Mummidi, S Bamshad, M Ahuja, SS Gonzalez, E Feuillet, PM Begum, K Galvis, MC Kostecki, V Valente, AJ Murthy, KK Haro, L Dolan, MJ Allan, JS Ahuja, SK AF Mummidi, S Bamshad, M Ahuja, SS Gonzalez, E Feuillet, PM Begum, K Galvis, MC Kostecki, V Valente, AJ Murthy, KK Haro, L Dolan, MJ Allan, JS Ahuja, SK TI Evolution of human and non-human primate CC chemokine receptor 5 gene and mRNA - Potential roles for haplotype and mRNA diversity, differential haplotype-specific transcriptional activity, and altered transcription factor binding to polymorphic nucleotides in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Simian immunodeficiency virus SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; 5'-END HETEROGENEITY; PROMOTER REGION; ANIMAL-MODELS; INFECTION; PROTEINS; ENTRY AB Polymorphisms in CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), the major coreceptor of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), have a major influence on HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. The effects of these polymorphisms may, in part, account for the differential pathogenesis of HIV-1 (immunosuppression) and SIV (natural resistance) in humans and non-human primates, respectively. Thus, understanding the genetic basis underlying species-specific responses to HIV-1 and SIV could reveal new anti-HIV-1 therapeutic strategies for humans. To this end, we compared CCR5 structure/evolution and regulation among humans, apes, Old World Monkeys, and New World Monkeys. The evolution of the CCR5 cis-regulatory region versus the open reading frame as well as among different domains of the open reading frame differed from one another. CCR5 cis-regulatory region sequence variation in humans was substantially higher than anticipated. Based on this variation, CCR5 haplotypes could be organized into seven evolutionarily distinct human haplogroups (HH) that we designated HHA, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G. HHA haplotypes were defined as ancestral to all other haplotypes by comparison to the CCR5 haplotypes of non-human primates. Different human and non-human primate CCR5 haplotypes were associated with differential transcriptional regulation, and various polymorphisms resulted in modified DNA-nuclear protein interactions, including altered binding of members of the NF-KB family of transcription factors. We identified novel CCR5 untranslated mRNA sequences that were conserved in human and non-human primates. In some primates, mutations at exon-intron boundaries caused loss of expression of selected CCR5 mRNA isoforms or production of novel mRNA isoforms. Collectively, these findings suggest that the response to HIV-1 and SN infection in primates may have been driven, in part, by evolution of the elements controlling CCR5 transcription and translation. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Utah, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Life Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI Mummidi, Srinivas/C-1004-2008 OI Mummidi, Srinivas/0000-0002-4068-6380 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI41396, R01-AI43279, R29-AI46326] NR 67 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 23 PY 2000 VL 275 IS 25 BP 18946 EP 18961 DI 10.1074/jbc.M000169200 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 327VZ UT WOS:000087815900046 PM 10747879 ER PT J AU Chiu, YH Pullins, S Levandier, DJ Dressler, RA AF Chiu, YH Pullins, S Levandier, DJ Dressler, RA TI Collision-induced dissociation dynamics of Ar-2(+) at high levels of vibrational excitation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; ELECTRONIC STATES; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; POTENTIAL CURVES; POLYATOMIC IONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CLUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The collision-induced dissociation (CID) dynamics of the Ar-2(+)+Ar collision system are investigated at different Ar-2(+) internal energy distributions in a guided-ion beam (GIB) apparatus. The internal energy of reactant ions, assumed vibrational in a first approximation, is controlled by varying the position of ionization in a supersonic jet, electron impact ion source. Three conditions are investigated: cold, in which the ions are produced as vibrationally relaxed as possible; intermediate, in which a substantial shift in the CID onset is observed; hot, in which the apparent CID threshold is at near thermal collision energies. The vibrational distribution of the Ar-2(+) ions is probed at the same conditions by measuring the kinetic energy release of photofragment Ar+ following (2)Sigma(g)(+)<--(2)Sigma(u)(+) photodissociation. The derived internal energy distributions are then used to model the observed CID cross sections with a modified line-of-centers approach to assess vibrational effects in the single-collision cross sections. The intermediate CID cross sections are consistent with a negligible vibrational enhancement beyond the statistical predictions. A substantial increase in cross section is observed when going from intermediate to hot conditions, despite a weak increase in internal energy, as apparent from the photodissociation measurements. Contributions from metastable states, not registered in the photodissociation experiment, can explain this disparity. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)00924-7]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 24 BP 10880 EP 10889 AR PII [S0021-9606(00)00924-7] DI 10.1063/1.481728 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 324HY UT WOS:000087617300025 ER PT J AU Teehan, RF Bienfang, JC Denman, CA AF Teehan, RF Bienfang, JC Denman, CA TI Power scaling and frequency stabilization of an injection-locked Nd : YAG rod laser SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; LOCKING AB The power scaling and frequency stabilization of a high-power, injection-locked, arc-lamp-pumped Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm are discussed theoretically and experimentally. Thermal lensing: and induced birefringence at high pump powers are modeled, and the effectiveness of the model for compensating thermal lensing is demonstrated with four different laser heads. Two distinct active frequency stabilization schemes for injection-locked lasers are also compared theoretically and experimentally. These efforts yield a 24-W, linearly polarized, continuous-wave, TEM00 output with a spectral linewidth of 1.5 Hz measured by heterodyne detection. OCIS codes: 140.3410, 140.3520, 140.6810. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, High Power Solid State Laser Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Teehan, RF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Fac, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Russ.teehan@usafa.af.mil RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 18 BP 3076 EP 3084 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003076 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 325GV UT WOS:000087668600010 PM 18345235 ER PT J AU Zabaras, N Bao, YG Srikanth, A Frazier, WG AF Zabaras, N Bao, YG Srikanth, A Frazier, WG TI A continuum Lagrangian sensitivity analysis for metal forming processes with applications to die design problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; die design; metal forming processes; large deformation; plasticity; Lagrangian analysis; optimization ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; STEADY-STATE; OPTIMIZATION METHOD; SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; ELASTOPLASTICITY; CONTACT; MODEL; FEM AB A continuum sensitivity analysis is presented for large inelastic deformations and metal forming processes. The formulation is based on the differentiation of the governing field equations of the direct problem and development of weak forms for the corresponding field sensitivity equations. Special attention is given to modelling of the sensitivity boundary conditions that result due to frictional contact between the die and the workpiece. The contact problem in the direct deformation analysis is modelled using an augmented Lagrangian formulation. To avoid issues of non-differentiability of the contact conditions, appropriate regularizing assumptions are introduced for the calculation of the sensitivity of the contact tractions. The proposed analysis is used for the calculation of sensitivity fields with respect to various process parameters including the die surface. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated with a number of representative example problems. In the die design applications, a Bezier representation of the die curve is introduced. The control points of the Bezier curve are used as the design parameters. Comparison of the computed sensitivity results with those obtained using the direct analysis for two nearby dies and a finite difference approximation indicate a very high accuracy of the proposed analysis. The method is applied to the design of extrusion dies that minimize the standard deviation of the material state in the final product or minimize the required extrusion force for a given reduction ratio. An open-forging die is also designed which for a specified stroke and initial workpiece produces a final product of desired shape. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zabaras, N (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 188 Frank HT Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUN 20 PY 2000 VL 48 IS 5 BP 679 EP 720 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(20000620)48:5<679::AID-NME895>3.3.CO;2-L PG 42 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 316PC UT WOS:000087175600003 ER PT J AU Van Nostrand, JE Solomon, J Saxler, A Xie, QH Reynolds, DC Look, DC AF Van Nostrand, JE Solomon, J Saxler, A Xie, QH Reynolds, DC Look, DC TI Dissociation of Al2O3(0001) substrates and the roles of silicon and oxygen in n-type GaN thin solid films grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-MOBILITY; WURTZITE GAN; MORPHOLOGY; SURFACE; DIODES; TRANSISTORS; SCATTERING; VACANCIES AB Unintentionally doped and silicon doped GaN films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy using ammonia are investigated. Hall, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), photoluminescence, and x-ray data are utilized for analysis of sources of autodoping of GaN epitaxial films in an effort to identify whether the n-type background electron concentration is of impurity origin or native defect origin. We identify and quantify an anomalous relationship between the Si doping concentration and free carrier concentration and mobility using temperature dependent Hall measurements on a series of 2.0-mu m-thick GaN(0001) films grown on sapphire with various Si doping concentrations. SIMS is used to identify oxygen as the origin of the excess free carriers in lightly doped and undoped GaN films. Further, the source of the oxygen is positively identified to be dissociation of the sapphire substrate at the nitride-sapphire interface. Dissociation of SiC at the nitride-carbide interface is also observed. Finally, SIMS is again utilized to show how Si doping can be utilized to suppress the diffusion of the oxygen into the GaN layer from the sapphire substrate. The mechanism of suppression is believed to be formation of a Si-O bond and a greatly reduced diffusion coefficient of the subsequent Si-O complex in GaN. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)07112-7]. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Nostrand, JE (reprint author), AFRL-MLPA Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 12 BP 8766 EP 8772 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)07112-7] DI 10.1063/1.373608 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 319MU UT WOS:000087346400077 ER PT J AU Capano, MA Cooper, JA Melloch, MR Saxler, A Mitchel, WC AF Capano, MA Cooper, JA Melloch, MR Saxler, A Mitchel, WC TI Ionization energies and electron mobilities in phosphorus- and nitrogen-implanted 4H-silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; DONORS AB Comparisons are made between the carrier concentrations, ionization energies, and electron mobilities in 4H-SiC samples implanted with similar doses of nitrogen or phosphorus and annealed at 1300 or 1700 degrees C for 10 min in argon. The objective of the research is to determine which element may yield lower resistance 4H-SiC. Ionization energies of 53 and 93 meV are measured from phosphorus-implanted 4H-SiC, and are assigned to the hexagonal and cubic lattice positions in 4H-SiC, respectively. The corresponding ionization energies for nitrogen-implanted 4H-SiC are 42 and 84 meV, respectively. Phosphorus is not activated to the same extent that nitrogen is, and the carrier concentrations are about a factor of five lower for phosphorus-implanted 4H-SiC annealed at 1300 degrees C than for nitrogen-implanted 4H-SiC annealed at the same temperature. A higher mobility for phosphorus-implanted 4H-SiC is observed, but is not sufficiently high to offset the lower carrier concentration of this material. For the doses considered in this study, the resistivity of nitrogen-implanted 4H-SiC is lower than the resistivity of phosphorus-implanted 4H-SiC following anneals at either 1300 or 1700 degrees C. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02512-3]. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Capano, MA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 12 BP 8773 EP 8777 DI 10.1063/1.373609 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 319MU UT WOS:000087346400078 ER PT J AU Arnold, ST Seeley, JV Williamson, JS Mundis, PL Viggiano, AA AF Arnold, ST Seeley, JV Williamson, JS Mundis, PL Viggiano, AA TI New apparatus for the study of ion-molecule reactions at very high pressure (25-700 Torr): A turbulent ion flow tube (TIFT) study of the reaction of SF6-+SO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; RATE CONSTANTS; SF6; TEMPERATURES AB A new instrument, the turbulent ion flow tube (TIFT), has been developed for studying ion-molecule reactions up to atmospheric pressure. The instrument is based on the turbulent flow neutral reactor developed by Seeley ee al.,(8) and it operates under turbulent rather than laminar flow conditions. The TIFT is currently designed to operate at room temperature over a pressure range from approximately 20-750 Torr, although higher pressures are possible with minor modifications. In this initial report, 300 K rate constants and product distributions, measured from 25 to 700 Torr, are presented for the reaction of SF6- with SO2. Both the rate constants and product distributions for this reaction are independent of pressure, and the present results are consistent with previous measurements made at <1 Torr. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 23 BP 5511 EP 5516 DI 10.1021/jp994406d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 327DW UT WOS:000087778800014 ER PT J AU Basov, NG Hager, GD Ionin, AA Kotkov, AA Kurnosov, AK McCord, JE Napartovich, AP Seleznev, LV Turkin, NG AF Basov, NG Hager, GD Ionin, AA Kotkov, AA Kurnosov, AK McCord, JE Napartovich, AP Seleznev, LV Turkin, NG TI Frequency tunable single-line pulsed first-overtone carbon monoxide laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CO laser; first-overtone; frequency tuning; ro-vibrational lines; multi-quantum vibrational exchange ID CO LASER; POLYMER MATERIALS; MU-M; DELTA-UPSILON=2; RADIATION AB Tunable single-line first-overtone (FO) CO lasing on wavelengths from 2.7 up to 4.2 mu m corresponding to overtone vibrational transitions from 13 --> 11 up to 38 --> 36 on 413 ro-vibrational lines was experimentally obtained. A parametric study of energetic and spectral characteristics of the single-line FO CO laser was carried out. Energy distribution over re-vibrational lines was measured. The maximum specific output energy (SOE) came up to similar to 3 J/l Amagat, with single-line output efficiency being up to 0.6%. For the first time, a multi-quantum theoretical model was used to describe the tunable single-line FO CO laser. This multi-quantum approach demonstrated better agreement between theoretical calculations and observed experimental data for laser output as a function of vibrational quantum numbers. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ionin, AA (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninsky Prospect 53, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Selenev, Leonid/K-7441-2015; Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015; Napartovich, Anatoly/C-1081-2016; Kotkov, Andrei/K-7590-2015 OI Selenev, Leonid/0000-0002-8121-9914; Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592; Kotkov, Andrei/0000-0001-5967-0840 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 180 IS 4-6 BP 285 EP 300 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00653-2 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 326FU UT WOS:000087722700014 ER PT J AU Hay, A Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Tashiro, M Canas, L Lavanchay, D Levandowski, R AF Hay, A Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Tashiro, M Canas, L Lavanchay, D Levandowski, R CA CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, 1999-2000 season, and composition of the 2000-2001 influenza vaccine (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 375-381, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Med Inst Med Res, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, London, England. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Infect Dis, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. WHO, Natl Influenza Ctr, Div Emerging & Other Communicable Dis Surveillanc, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Natl Resp Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabora, Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillance Syst, Geneva, Switzerland. US FDA, Div Virol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Br, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hay, A (reprint author), Natl Med Inst Med Res, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, London, England. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 7 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 21 BP 2781 EP 2782 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 320BQ UT WOS:000087381500013 ER PT J AU Li, GM Burggraf, LW Shoemaker, JR Eastwood, D Stiegman, AE AF Li, GM Burggraf, LW Shoemaker, JR Eastwood, D Stiegman, AE TI High-temperature photoluminescence in sol-gel silica containing SiC/C nanostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; LUMINESCENCE; CARBIDE AB Silicon carbide and carbon nanostructures were produced by pyrolysis of organosilane or aromatic compounds in nanoporous sol-gel silica glasses. Intense photoluminescence was observed in the visible and the near infrared regions, depending on material processing. Emission bands at 2.97, 2.67, 2.53, 2.41, 2.24, 2.09, 1.93, 1.13, 1.00, and 0.85 eV were observed in samples prepared at temperatures between 870 and 1220 K. Phosphorescence emission showed two lifetime components at 300 K: a 0.03 s component and a very long component of 0.5-4 s that depends on the precursors and sample processing. These lifetimes approximately doubled at 77 K. The visible emission increased significantly as the temperature was elevated from 77 to 950 K, suggesting thermally assisted light emission from sites in the silica glasses containing SiC/C nanostructures. Surface SIC vacancy defects modeled using integrated nb initio quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations suggest phosphorescence may originate from C vacancy (Si-Si dimers) in the visible and Si vacancy in the near infrared. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01217-1]. C1 USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Li, GM (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 23 BP 3373 EP 3375 DI 10.1063/1.126685 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 323FN UT WOS:000087554500013 ER PT J AU Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Morgan, JT Malas, JC AF Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Morgan, JT Malas, JC TI Titanium alloy processing SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Improvements in processing Ti-6Al-4V can have a significant impact on manufacturing costs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Medeiros, SC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 157 IS 6 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 323KA UT WOS:000087563500007 ER PT J AU Mosedale, AD Elliott, GS Carter, CD Beutner, TJ AF Mosedale, AD Elliott, GS Carter, CD Beutner, TJ TI Planar Doppler velocimetry in a large-scale facility SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A planar Doppler velocimetry (PDV) system was developed and demonstrated in a small-scale facility (Mach 1.36 freejet) and then applied in a large-scale subsonic wind tunnel, where measurements were made over a delta wing at a 23-deg angle of attack. This PDV system utilized a pulsed, injection-seeded, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser to interrogate the flow. Back-illuminated charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras in conjunction with an iodine filter were used to record images produced by the scattered laser light, permitting the determination of the velocity at each CCD pixel, The PDV instrument also included custom software and a frequency-monitoring system composed of photodiodes, gated integrators, and a second iodine cell. With this setup, we recorded the shot-to-shot iodine-filtered and reference images and the associated laser frequency. In the freejet, mean velocities in the core were measured by PDV to within 6.4 m/s (out of similar to 260 m/s) of the value obtained by laser Doppler velocimetry. In the wind tunnel, freestream empty-tunnel measurements indicated bias and random errors of less than 2 and 4 m/s, respectively. The dominant source of random error arose from laser speckle, and the dominant source of bias error came from the characterization of the iodine filters. Measurements over the delta wing showed similar velocity ranges but smaller vortex cores when compared to the velocity field predicted by a computational fluid dynamics model. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mosedale, AD (reprint author), Adaptco, Melville, NY 11747 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1024 DI 10.2514/2.1085 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 320WP UT WOS:000087424100009 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Eggers, JS Schmidt, WE Storrow, AB Doe, RH McGlasson, D Fischer, JR AF Elston, DM Eggers, JS Schmidt, WE Storrow, AB Doe, RH McGlasson, D Fischer, JR TI Histological findings after brown recluse spider envenomation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown recluse spider; envenomation; eosinophil; eschar; vasculitis ID LOXOSCELES-RECLUSA; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; BITE AB Histologic specimens from 41 rabbits were studied for changes resulting from the manual injection of brown recluse spider venom. Major findings included a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, coagulative tissue necrosis, and vasculitis. All specimens demonstrated a well-delineated zone of eosinophilic staining recognizable as "mummified" coagulative necrosis of the epidermis and dermis. A dense band of neutrophils bordered the zone of necrosis. Immediately adjacent to the neutrophilic band, small vessel vasculitis was a universal finding. Degranulated eosinophils and neutrophils and macrophages filled with eosinophilic granules were common. Inflammatory foci were often centered on groups of lipocytes within the dermis. Large vessel vasculitis resembling that seen in polyarteritis nodosa was present deep to 7 of the 40 eschars. Large vessel vasculitis may contribute to the large zones of necrosis seen after some brown recluse spider bites. Eosinophils may play a role in tissue damage after envenomation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 22 IS 3 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1097/00000372-200006000-00006 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 320CU UT WOS:000087384500006 PM 10871067 ER PT J AU Cina, SJ Collins, KA Pettenati, MJ Fitts, M AF Cina, SJ Collins, KA Pettenati, MJ Fitts, M TI Isolation and identification of female DNA on postcoital penile swabs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA; identification; rape; penis; PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC-MARKERS AB After sexual assault, cells originating from the assailant may be recovered from the victim. Through polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technology, positive scientific identification of the assailant may be made from these cells. Described is a prospective study describing a method for positively identifying cells from a female sex partner obtained from postcoital swabs of the penis of the male sex partner. Swabs were taken from the penis of a man at 1- to 24-hour intervals after coitus. DNA was isolated from each swab through standard organic extraction methods. The presence of female DNA was detected using the gender-specific amelogenin marker. Extracted DNA was amplified for eight different genetic loci using the Promega PowerPlex kit (Promega) and Amplitaq Gold (Perkin Elmer). Amplified samples were electrophoresed on precast sequencing gels (Hitachi) and were analyzed fluorescently using Hitachi's FMBIO 2 fluorescent scanner and software. Each sample obtained from a penile swab or condom was compared to male and female buccal controls. Female DNA was isolated from all postcoital penile swabs as determined by exclusive amplification of the X-chromosome specific 212 base pair amelogenin marker. In all cases, scientific identification of the female DNA from the swabs was determined by coamplification of eight STR loci (PowerPlex) and was compared to female and male control profiles. Cells shed from a female victim during sexual intercourse can be retrieved from the penis of a male offender after sexual intercourse during a 1- to 24-hour postcoital interval. DNA can be extracted from these cells and can be used to scientifically identify the female sexual participant through PCR-based technology. It is suggested that penile swabs be taken from alleged perpetrators of sexual assaults to associate them with a female victim. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cina, SJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, 59th MDW MTLP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1097/00000433-200006000-00001 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 320XD UT WOS:000087425400001 PM 10871120 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Fischer, JR AF Schwertner, HA Fischer, JR TI Comparison of various lipid, lipoprotein, and bilirubin combinations as risk factors for predicting coronary artery disease SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE bilirubin; cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol; coronary artery disease; risk factors; antioxidants; prediction ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ALBUMIN-BOUND BILIRUBIN; SERUM BILIRUBIN; HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASSOCIATION; OXIDATION; PLASMA AB Studies were performed to determine if serum bilirubin, when combined with various lipid and lipoprotein risk factors, enhances our ability to predict coronary artery disease (CAD). This hypothesis was tested in a retrospective study of 644 middle-aged males who had undergone coronary angiography. The traditional risk factors of cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol/HDL-C ratios, triglycerides, age, cigarette smoking, and systolic blood pressure were tested by discriminant analysis, as were various cholesterol/bilirubin, cholesterol/(HDL-C + bilirubin), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/ (HDL-C + bilirubin) ratios. Each of these bilirubin-containing ratios was found to be an independent risk predictor when tested with the traditional risk factors. When the LDL-C/(HDL-C + bilirubin) ratio was included with the traditional risk predictors, it improved the prediction of severe CAD from 28.4 to 35.3% and the overall correct classification of CAD from 68.3 to 71.1%. When the 75th percentile was used as a cut-point, the diagnostic sensitivities obtained with cholesterol/(HDL-C + bilirubin) ratios (52.1%) and LDL-C/(HDL-C + bilirubin) ratios (51.7%) were better than those obtained with cholesterol/HDL-C ratios (40.4%) (P = 0.033 and 0.048, respectively). LDL-C/(HDL-C + bilirubin) ratios also improved the prediction of severe CAD over those obtained with LDL-C/HDL-C ratios (43.4%); however, the changes were not statistically significant (P = 0.096). If confirmed in other populations, serum bilirubin may be combined with LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, cholesterol/HDL-C ratios, cholesterol, or with various apolipoproteins to improve the prediction of CAD. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, 59 MDW,MSRL,1255 Wilford Hall Loop, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2000 VL 150 IS 2 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00387-1 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 324NW UT WOS:000087629100016 PM 10856530 ER PT J AU Fanton, JW Zarr, SR Ewert, DL Woods, RW Koenig, SC AF Fanton, JW Zarr, SR Ewert, DL Woods, RW Koenig, SC TI Cardiovascular responses to propofol and etomidate in long-term instrumented rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE ANESTHESIA; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; DOGS; THIOPENTONE; INDUCTION; HUMANS; INFUSIONS; SURGERY; FLOW AB Background and Purpose: Cardiac and arterial responses to prescribed doses of propofol and etomidate in rhesus monkeys were compared. Methods: Intravenously administered induction doses of propofol (2 mg/kg of body weight) or etomidate (1 mg/kg) followed by continuous intravenous infusions of propofol (200 mu g/kg/min) or etomidate (100 mu g/kg/min) were administered. Left ventricular and right atrial access catheters were implanted for long-term use, along with a transit-time flow probe on the ascending aorta, and pericardial electrocardiogram leads. A dual sensor 3-F micromanometer was used to measure left ventricular pressure and aortic pressure, and an active redirectional transit-time probe measured aortic flow. Noordergraaf's four-element model was used to estimate total peripheral resistance and systemic arterial compliance. Results: Significant (P < 0.01) decreases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility were accompanied by an increase in systemic arterial compliance associated with propofol and etomidate, Only minimal changes in left ventricular diastolic pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were found for both drugs. The changes associated with propofol are comparable to results in human beings, whereas the changes associated with etomidate did not agree with results of published human studies. Conclusion: The significant cardiovascular alterations associated with both agents were attributed to reductions in heart rate, although the possibility exists that negative inotropic effects may have had a role. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Cardiovasc Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Louisville, Jewish Hosp, Heart & Lung Inst, Dept Surg, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fanton, JW (reprint author), Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 327WK UT WOS:000087817000017 PM 10894497 ER PT J AU Palazotto, AN Herup, EJ Gummadi, LNB AF Palazotto, AN Herup, EJ Gummadi, LNB TI Finite element analysis of low-velocity impact on composite sandwich plates SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE finite element; sandwich plate; low velocity impact; composite material AB The response of composite sandwich plates to low-velocity impact is predicted by a displacement-based, plate bending, finite element algorithm. Fifth order Hermitian interpolation allows three-dimensional equilibrium integration for transverse stress calculations to be carried out symbolically on the interpolation functions so that transverse stresses within the elements are expressed directly in terms of nodal quantities. Nomex honeycomb sandwich core is modeled using an elastic-plastic foundation and contact loading is simulated by Hertzian pressure distribution for which the contact radius is determined iteratively. Damage prediction by failure criteria and damage progression via stiffness reduction are employed. Comparison to experimental low-velocity impact and static indentation data shows the ability to model some of the important features of static indentation of composite sandwich structures. In particular, the slope of the load displacement curve (stiffness), including contact, before damage is well represented. Core failure load is predicted by the analysis within 10% of the experimental value. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 49 IS 2 BP 209 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(99)00136-1 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 302TV UT WOS:000086382500009 ER PT J AU Liu, CT AF Liu, CT TI Monitoring damage initiation and evolution in a filled polymeric material using nondestructive testing techniques SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institue on Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures CY JUL 12-24, 1998 CL TROIA, PORTUGAL SP NATO, Inst Adv Study, IDMEC, Inst Mech Engn, Inst Super Tecn, Tech Univ Lisbon DE particulate composites; damage; nondestructive testing techniques; ultrasonic; acoustic imaging; real-time radiography AB This paper reviews the efforts expanded in evaluation of damage characteristics in a highly filled polymeric material under various loading conditions. Several different nondestructive testing techniques, including ultrasonic, acoustic imaging, and real-time radiography, have been used to monitor damage initiation and evolution processes. The nondestructive testing data were analyzed and the results are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00144-3 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 307CZ UT WOS:000086637000007 ER PT J AU Kirsch, EA Giroir, BP AF Kirsch, EA Giroir, BP TI Improving the outcome of septic shock in children SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN; BACTERICIDAL/PERMEABILITY-INCREASING PROTEIN; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; PEDIATRIC SEPSIS; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR-INHIBITOR-1 GENE AB Sepsis is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Improving the outcome of pediatric sepsis requires diverse efforts, including prevention, early recognition, improvements in early management and transport, and physiology-directed care. Awareness that septic shock represents a pathophysiologic host response to infection has prompted investigation of immune mediators and coagulation factors as potential targets for anti-sepsis therapies. Advancements thus far include: the potential prevention of neonatal sepsis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; recognition of clindamycin as a potential inhibitor of endotoxin release; improved outcome from meningococcal disease in children treated with bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI(21)); and improved outcome from sepsis in premature infants treated with pentoxifylline. Further randomized controlled studies of immunomodulatory agents are indicated and a few are in progress. Current studies on genetic propensities in cytokine and coagulation protein expression may explain variability in patient outcomes and eventually lead to genomics-based therapeutics. Curr Opin Infect Dis 13:253-258. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Giroir, BP (reprint author), Childrens Med Ctr, 1935 Motor St, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 320CF UT WOS:000087383000009 ER PT J AU Schwab, RA Vogel, PS Warschaw, KE AF Schwab, RA Vogel, PS Warschaw, KE TI Clindamycin-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare but distinctive entity that may be associated with various etiologies. Drug exposure is the most common cause. We present the first report of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by the drug clindamycin. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schwab, RA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 2000 VL 65 IS 6 BP 391 EP 393 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 325RJ UT WOS:000087689900011 PM 10879309 ER PT J AU Robins, JP Rock, J Hayes, DF Laquer, FC AF Robins, JP Rock, J Hayes, DF Laquer, FC TI Nitrate removal for Platte valley, Nebraska synthetic groundwater using a constructed wetland model SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE constructed wetlands; nitrate; groundwater; denitrification; Platte Valley; Nebraska ID DENITRIFICATION AB The purposes of this study were i) to show that nitrate removal by denitrification from Platte Valley, Nebraska synthetic groundwater was possible utilizing a model, laboratory-scale, constructed wetland (MW) and ii) to evaluate the MW's influence on water quality when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was varied. Denitrification was successfully achieved using a starch and cellulose mixture as the carbon source, instead of carbon from plant growth, and a 30 mg l(-1) nitrate-nitrogen synthetic feed concentration. For 1, 3, and 7 day HRTs, the MW achieved nitrate-nitrogen plus nitrite;nitrogen (nitrate/nitrite-nitrogen) removals of 82%, 98%, and 88%, respectively. The effluent nitrate/nitrite-nitrogen levels were not significantly different, based on their 95% confidence intervals. For all HRTs, average effluent organic-nitrogen concentrations were less than 2.0 mg l(-1) and average effluent ammonia-nitrogen values were less than 0.5 mg l(-1). For 356 mg l(-1) chemical oxygen demand (COD) addition to the MW, the MW achieved COD removals of 84%, 89%, and 98% for the 1, 3, and 7 day HRTs, respectively. Volatile fatty acid effluent levels were below the detection limit. Residual organic matter in the treated water may make further treatment necessary. C1 Vermont Agcy Nat Resources, Wastewater Management Div, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. CEVR, HQ AMC, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Civil Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Robins, JP (reprint author), Vermont Agcy Nat Resources, Wastewater Management Div, 103 S Main St,Sewing Bldg, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV PI LONDON PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON, ENGLAND W4 1BN SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 6 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1080/09593332108618076 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 323VF UT WOS:000087585100007 ER PT J AU Cornell, JS Pillard, DA Hernandez, MT AF Cornell, JS Pillard, DA Hernandez, MT TI Comparative measures of the toxicity of component chemicals in aircraft deicing fluid SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glycol; methylbenzotriazole; tolyltriazole; aircraft deicers ID INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; ETHYLENE; WATER AB Aircraft deicing operations are a necessary part of safe air travel, but release large quantities of aircraft deicing fluids (ADFs) to the environment. Effective measures to mitigate the environmental impacts of deicing operations are hindered because of the negative effects some ADF chemicals have on treatment systems and because of the poorly characterized toxicity of ADF components. This research investigated the contributions of environmentally significant concentrations of selected ADF components to the toxicity of ADF-containing waste streams, and to the inhibition of biodegradation of propylene glycol (PG), the most important component of ADE The component chemicals studied were PG, the corrosion inhibitor 4(5)-methylbenzotriazole (MeBT; common name: tolyltriazole), and proprietary mixes of corrosion inhibitors, buffers, and surfactants referred to as the additive package or AdPack. Relative to PG alone, the different additives increased the toxicity of ADF and decreased PG biodegradation rates. In enrichments of soil microorganisms acclimated to ADF, the MeBT component significantly decreased cell growth rates and yields, and inhibited PG biodegradation to a greater extent than the AdPack. Microtox((R)) tests indicated that MeBT is the ADF component most toxic to microorganisms. However, acute aquatic toxicity tests indicated that the AdPack components were more toxic than MeBT to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas, although both components were more toxic than PG alone. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ENSR, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hernandez, MT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Campus Box 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 28 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 22 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1465 EP 1472 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<1465:CMOTTO>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 318CZ UT WOS:000087267500001 ER PT J AU Erneux, T Peterson, P Gavrielides, A AF Erneux, T Peterson, P Gavrielides, A TI The pulse shape of a passively Q-switched microchip laser SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID SATURABLE ABSORBERS AB The shape of the intensity pulse of a passively Q-switched microchip laser is investigated numerically and analytically. Our analysis is motivated by independent microchip laser experiments exhibiting nearly symmetric pulses in the case of a semiconductor saturable absorber and asymmetric pulses in the case of a solid state saturable absorber. Asymptotic methods are used to determine limiting behaviors of the pulse shape for both symmetric and asymmetric pulses. In the first case, we determine a sech(2) solution parametrized by one parameter which can be determined by solving two coupled nonlinear algebraic equations. In the second case, the pulse solution is decomposed into two distinct approximations exhibiting different amplitude and time scares properties. We review earlier approximations of the repetition rate and the pulse width. C1 Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USAF, Res Labs, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol, AFRL DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Erneux, T (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Campus Plaine,CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JUN PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s100530050565 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 328FE UT WOS:000087837700012 ER PT J AU Van Veldhuizen, DA Lamont, GB AF Van Veldhuizen, David A. Lamont, Gary B. TI Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms: Analyzing the State-of-the-Art SO EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Multiobjective optimization; multiobjective evolutionary algorithms; multiobjective genetic algorithms; Pareto optimality AB Solving optimization problems with multiple (often conflicting) objectives is, generally, a very difficult goal. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) were initially extended and applied during the mid-eighties in an attempt to stochastically solve problems of this generic class. During the past decade, a variety of multiobjective EA (MOEA) techniques have been proposed and applied to many scientific and engineering applications. Our discussion's intent is to rigorously define multiobjective optimization problems and certain related concepts, present an MOEA classification scheme, and evaluate the variety of contemporary MOEAs. Current MOEA theoretical developments are evaluated; specific topics addressed include fitness functions, Pareto ranking, niching, fitness sharing, mating restriction, and secondary populations. Since the development and application of MOEAs is a dynamic and rapidly growing activity, we focus on key analytical insights based upon critical MOEA evaluation of current research and applications. Recommended MOEA designs are presented, along with conclusions and recommendations for future work. C1 [Van Veldhuizen, David A.] USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Veldhuizen, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM david.vanveldhuizen@brooks.af.mil; gary.lamont@afit.af.mil NR 45 TC 338 Z9 341 U1 5 U2 27 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1063-6560 EI 1530-9304 J9 EVOL COMPUT JI Evol. Comput. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 125 EP 147 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V20BC UT WOS:000208114500002 PM 10843518 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Starnes, MA AF Maji, AK Starnes, MA TI Shape measurement and control of deployable membrane structures SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE membrane; mirror; PVDV; moire; shearography AB The shape inaccuracies of inflatable antennas and the potential shape control of the surface of those structures are investigated. Surface shape inaccuracies are due to geometric nonlinear deformation. Correcting the shape of these inflatables focused on the integration of piezopolymer actuators on the membranes. The out-of-plane displacements of a membrane structure were assessed with the shadow moire method. The experimentally measured shape of the structure confirmed the extent of deviation from the ideal optical surface, a paraboloid of revolution. Active control of the shape of the membrane was tested using a piezoelectric material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The deformation caused by actuation of the membrane structure was evaluated using electronic speckle pattern interferometry. An analytical solution was developed to verify the extent of shape correction that can be achieved by embedded PVDF actuators. It was confirmed that micron-level shape corrections are possible for future space-based sensors that use inflatable antennae technology. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF02325040 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 315YA UT WOS:000087139500005 ER PT J AU Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Linville, R Saxler, A Mahalingham, K Lin, CH Kuo, CH Hwang, WY AF Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Linville, R Saxler, A Mahalingham, K Lin, CH Kuo, CH Hwang, WY TI Type-II superlattice photodetector on a compliant GaAs substrate SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE compliant substrate; InAs-InGaSb; IR; photodetector; superlattice ID INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; GASB AB A type-II superlattice (SL) of InAs-InGaSb has been grown on a compliant GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. This SL was designed for photoconductive infrared (IR) detection in the long wavelength IR band. The spectral photoresponse of this SL shows a sharp onset at 76.9 meV and a corresponding cutoff wavelength at 13.9 mu m. A sixfold increase in the peak photoresponse was measured in comparison to the response from a similar SL on a standard GaSb substrate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Houston, SVEC, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Appl Optoelect Inc, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 684 EP 686 DI 10.1109/68.849084 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 334VW UT WOS:000088207200032 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE AF Altshuler, EE TI Design of a vehicular antenna for GPS/IRIDIUM using a genetic algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms; land mobile antennas AB In this paper, we describe a vehicular wire antenna, designed using a genetic algorithm that may be used for both the GPS and IRIDIUM systems. It has right-hand circular polarization, near hemispherical coverage, and operates over the frequency band from 1225 to 1625 MHz. This antenna was simulated using the Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC) and then fabricated and tested. The antenna consists of five copper tubing segments connected in series, has an unusually odd shape, and is very inexpensive. It fits in a volume approximately 10 cm x 10 cm x 15 cm. The input voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and circular polarization radiation patterns were computed and measured. The VSWR was under 2.2 at the design frequencies of 1225, 1575, and 1625 MHz. The gain varied by less than 12 dB for a 170 degrees sector; it generally fell off near the horizon so the variation was less for 150 degrees and 160 degrees sectors. This new design process, which uses a genetic algorithm in conjunction with an electromagnetics code, produces configurations that are unique and seem to outperform more conventional designs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 968 EP 972 DI 10.1109/8.865231 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 349TM UT WOS:000089061700016 ER PT J AU Shaw, SR Laughman, DR Leeb, SB Lepard, RE AF Shaw, SR Laughman, DR Leeb, SB Lepard, RE TI A power quality prediction system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE estimation; power distribution testing; prediction methods AB This paper describes two hardware prototypes and estimation schemes for determining the parameters of a simple, physically based, point-of-use electric utility model using transient measurements. Parameters of the utility model are estimated using data collected by the prototypes. Frequency-dependent effects observed in previous work in this area are modeled. Performance of the techniques given is demonstrated by comparison of measured and predicted line voltage distortion during current transients created by several loads. C1 MIT, Electromagnet & Elect Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Aeronaut Syst Command, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP Shaw, SR (reprint author), MIT, Electromagnet & Elect Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Laughman, Christopher/0000-0002-8540-2249 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1109/41.847890 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 325UV UT WOS:000087695600002 ER PT J AU Booske, JS Spencer, TA Verboncoeur, JP AF Booske, JS Spencer, TA Verboncoeur, JP TI The Eighth Special Issue on High-Power Microwave Generation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Booske, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 459 EP 461 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900001 ER PT J AU Shimomura, N Scholfield, DW Gahl, JM Lester, J AF Shimomura, N Scholfield, DW Gahl, JM Lester, J TI Investigation of intense electromagnetic transient phenomenon and Paschen curves for hydrogen and helium in subnanosecond regime SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas breakdown; gas insulation; paschen curve AB One of the major drivers of pulsed power innovation is ultrawide-band technology. Subnanosecond risetimes with nanosecond or less pulse durations place this technology in a temporal regime that corresponds to microwave frequencies. These ultrawide-band devices have pushed pulsed power technology into a parameter space where there is little published data on breakdown. This paper describes the experimental determination of the Paschen curve for two gases under the application of intense, transient, electric fields. This experiment utilized the Hindenberg series of hydrogen gas switched pulsers at the Air Force Research Laboratory located at Kirtland Air Force Base. The Paschen curves for hydrogen and helium are presented. For subnanosecond risetime pulses, there are typically very few free electrons in the discharge space generated by external radiation sources such as cosmic rays. The occurrence of cosmic ray ionization in the gap is unlikely in such a short period of time. Therefore, electric field emission plays a very important role in these discharges, However, a small number of discharges are effected by ionization from external radiation, with the resulting data lying along classic Paschen curves. As a verification of this effect, an intense continuous ultraviolet (UV) source was utilized for supplying seed electrons and the expected Paschen curves of hydrogen and helium were obtained. C1 Univ Tokushima, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Tokushima 770, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Shimomura, N (reprint author), Univ Tokushima, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Tokushima 770, Japan. RI Shimomura, Naoyuki/G-7036-2012; OI Shimomura, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3726-6270 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 496 EP 501 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900006 ER PT J AU Haworth, MD Luginsland, JW Lemke, RW AF Haworth, MD Luginsland, JW Lemke, RW TI Evidence of a new pulse-shortening mechanism in a load-limited MILO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-power microwave; magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO); pulse shortening ID TRANSMISSION-LINE OSCILLATOR; ENERGY DEPOSITION; PLASMA AB Experimental evidence shows that the electron flow in a load-limited magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is only partially magnetically insulated at the launch point, yet fully insulated along the downstream slow-wave structure (SWS), This results in a microwave pulse duration substantially less than that of the beam. Computer simulations suggest that anode plasma formation is responsible for this pulse shortening and are able to replicate key features of the experimental data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haworth, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900008 ER PT J AU Shiffler, DA LaCour, MJ Sena, MD Mitchell, MD Haworth, MD Hendricks, KJ Spencer, TA AF Shiffler, DA LaCour, MJ Sena, MD Mitchell, MD Haworth, MD Hendricks, KJ Spencer, TA TI Comparison of carbon fiber and cesium iodide-coated carbon fiber cathodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodes; cesium iodide; high power microwaves; intense electron beams; microwave tubes AB This paper presents results of an experimental comparison of a bare carbon fiber cathode and the same cathode when coated with cesium iodide salt (CsI), An annular cathode was constructed by arranging carbon fibers in an annular tuft pattern. The cathode was then operated as a bare carbon fiber cathode and in a configuration with a CsI coating. The cathode was tested at electric field strengths ranging from 50 kV/cm to 265 kV/cm at anode-cathode (A-K) gaps of 3.175 cm, The applied voltage had a 1-mus duration and the modulator was operated at up to 1 Hz repetition rate. The system had a low base pressure (<1.0 x 10(-7) torr). This article reports on results concerning the conditioning of the cathodes, the shot-to-shot reproducibility of the cathodes and the pressure evolution of the diode under 1 Hz operation. We also report on the impedance evolution of each of the diodes. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. RP Shiffler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900009 ER PT J AU Arman, MJ AF Arman, MJ TI Plasma-filled radial acceletron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasma enhancement; plasma filled; plasma filled HPM sources ID BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR; EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT; MICROWAVE SOURCES; LINEAR-THEORY; HPM SOURCE; GUIDES; PERFORMANCE AB Recent experimental studies have shown that the presence of plasma in the high-power microwave sources using intense charged beams, when properly introduced, may enhance the efficiency of the source. These findings have been confirmed by numerical simulations for some high-power microwave sources, The enhancement has been partly attributed to the neutralizing effect of the positively charged plasma on lowering the disruptive space charge effects of the electron beam used to generate the RF, and partly to a modification of the dispersion relation leading to higher group velocities for the traveling radio frequency (RF) waves. Mode selection may also be favorably affected by the presence of plasma in the source. Here, we present the results of numerical simulations carried out to study the effect of plasma on an acceletron device, Both neutral as well as positively charged plasmas have been explored. The acceletron device is run in transverse magnetic TM001 mode and generates a 3.2-GHz steady oscillation without any competing modes, The effect of the plasma at several different densities has been explored, Our results indicate a significant enhancement of the acceletron operation due to the plasma. Other plasma densities are being studied. The PIC code used in our simulations was the MRC 2 1/2-dimensional code MAGIC. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Arman, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.1109/27.887720 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900040 ER PT J AU Blahovec, JD Bowers, LA Luginsland, JW Sasser, GE Watrous, JJ AF Blahovec, JD Bowers, LA Luginsland, JW Sasser, GE Watrous, JJ TI 3-D ICEPIC simulations of the relativistic klystron oscillator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ICEPIC; particle-in-cell code; relativistic klystron oscillator ID TRANSMISSION-LINE OSCILLATOR AB Improved concurrent electromagnetic particle-in-cell (ICEPIC), developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, is a three-dimensional (3-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) code specifically designed for parallel high-performance computing resources. ICEPIC simulates collisionless plasma physics phenomena on a Cartesian grid, ICEPIC has several novel features that allow efficient use of parallel architectures, including automated partitioning, dynamic load balancing, and an advanced parallel PIC algorithm. Even though ICEPIC is still in development, it has successfully simulated real-world high-power microwave (HPM) experimental devices, such as the magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) and the relativistic klystron oscillator (RKO), and the results from recent RKO simulations will be presented. C1 USAF, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87118 USA. Gen Elect, E Cleveland, OH 44112 USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Blahovec, JD (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87118 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 821 EP 829 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900047 ER PT J AU Lemke, RW Genoni, TC Spencer, TA AF Lemke, RW Genoni, TC Spencer, TA TI Effects that limit efficiency in relativistic magnetrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-power microwaves; particle-in-cell simulation; relativistic magnetron; rising-sun magnetron ID SIMULATION; EMISSION AB This work is an attempt to elucidate effects that may limit efficiency in magnetrons operated at relativistic voltages (V similar to 500 kV), Three-dimensional (3-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is used to investigate the behavior of 14- and 22-cavity, cylindrical, rising-sun magnetrons, Power is extracted radially through a single iris located at the end of every other cavity, Numerical results show that in general output power and efficiency increase approximately linearly with increasing iris width (decreasing vacuum Q) until the total Q becomes too low for stable oscillation in the pi -made to be maintained. Beyond this point, mode competition or switching occur and efficiency decreases. Results reveal that the minimum value of Q (maximum efficiency) that can be achieved prior to the onset of mode competition is significantly affected by the magnitude of the 0-space-harmonic of the ir-mode, a unique characteristic of rising-suns, and by the magnitude of the electron current density (space-charge effects). When these effects are minimized, numerical simulation predicts that gigawatt-level power production at 55% efficiency may be possible at relativistic voltage. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Beam Plasma & Electromagnet Theory Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lemke, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Beam Plasma & Electromagnet Theory Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 887 EP 897 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900051 ER PT J AU Jaynes, RL Gilgenbach, RM Peters, CW Cohen, WE Lopez, MR Lau, YY Williams, WJ Spencer, TA AF Jaynes, RL Gilgenbach, RM Peters, CW Cohen, WE Lopez, MR Lau, YY Williams, WJ Spencer, TA TI Long-pulse, high-power, large-orbit, coaxial gyrotron oscillator experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gyrotron; high-power microwaves; time-frequency-analysis ID MICROWAVE GENERATION; ELECTRON-BEAM; FREQUENCY; CAVITIES; MAGNETRON AB Long-pulse, large-orbit, coaxial gyrotrons are currently under investigation. The electron beam is generated by the Michigan Electron Long Beam Accelerator (MELBA) with parameters: V = -0.8 MV, I-anode less than or equal to similar to4 kA, I-tube = 0.2-2 kA, and pulse length = 0.5-1 mus, Large-orbit, axis-encircling electron beams are generated by a magnetic cusp. Experimental gyrotron performance with coaxial cavities (unslotted and slotted) is compared to a noncoaxial cavity, The coaxial gyrotron demonstrated superior current transport and microwave production over the noncoaxial gyrotron, The coaxial rod apparently raises the limiting electron beam current in the diode, allowing higher currents to be extracted. The unslotted, coaxial gyrotron showed microwave power levels of 20-40 MW with pulse lengths of 10-40 ns, This coaxial gyrotron operated in two main modes: TE111 and TE112 with frequencies of 2.34 and 2.5 GHz, respectively. The gyrotron frequency is tunable between the respective modes by changing the magnetic field, The slotted, coaxial gyrotron showed the highest power of 60-90 MW and extremely short pulse lengths of 10-15 ns, For all three gyrotrons, the microwave pulse-shortening mechanisms of mode hopping and mode competition are definitively identified by time-frequency analysis of heterodyned microwave data. C1 Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Philips Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jaynes, RL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 945 EP 952 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900058 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Barker, RJ Gao, H Yan, Y Zhu, DJ AF Liu, SG Barker, RJ Gao, H Yan, Y Zhu, DJ TI A new hybrid ion-channel maser instability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on IR/MM Waves CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL UNIV ESSEX, COLCHESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV ESSEX DE hybrid instability; ion-channel; perturbation theory; plasma-filled waveguide ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; ELECTROMAGNETIC-INSTABILITY AB A new hybrid maser instability is described for the case of wave interactions for an electron-beam (e-beam) propagating through an ion channel in a plasma-filled waveguide immersed in a finite axial magnetic field. Complete linear theoretical formulation and sample numerical calculations are presented. The significant features of this new hybrid instability are discussed. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1019 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900065 ER PT J AU Middendorf, M McMillan, G Calhoun, G Jones, KS AF Middendorf, M McMillan, G Calhoun, G Jones, KS TI Brain-computer interfaces based on the steady-state visual-evoked response SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON REHABILITATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE brain-computer interface (BCI); human-computer interface; neural self-regulation AB The Air Force Research Laboratory has implemented and evaluated two brain-computer interfaces (BCI's) that translate the steady-state visual evoked response into a control signal for operating a physical device or computer program. In one approach, operators self-regulate the brain response; the other approach uses multiple evoked responses. C1 USAF, Res Lab AFRL HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Middendorf, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab AFRL HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 291 Z9 309 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1063-6528 J9 IEEE T REHABIL ENG JI IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1109/86.847819 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Rehabilitation GA 330TF UT WOS:000087976700014 PM 10896190 ER PT J AU DeLoach, SA Hartrum, TC AF DeLoach, SA Hartrum, TC TI A theory-based representation for object-oriented domain models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE software engineering; formal methods; domain models; transformation systems ID SEMANTICS; SYSTEMS AB Formal software specification has long been touted as a way to increase the quality and reliability of software; however, it remains an intricate, manually intensive activity. An alternative to using formal specifications directly is to translate graphically based, semiformal specifications into formal specifications. However, before this translation can take place, a formal definition of basic object-oriented concepts must be found. This paper presents an algebraic model of object-orientation that defines how object-oriented concepts can be represented algebraically using an object-oriented algebraic specification language O-SLANG. O-SLANG combines basic algebraic specification constructs with category theory operations to capture internal object class structure, as well as relationships between classes. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeLoach, SA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0098-5589 J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 6 BP 500 EP 517 DI 10.1109/32.852740 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 334FC UT WOS:000088175000002 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Rammerstorfer, FG AF Buryachenko, VA Rammerstorfer, FG TI On the thermo-elasto-statics of composites with coated randomly distributed inclusions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE microstructures; inhomogeneous material; elastic material; thermal stress ID MORI-TANAKA THEORY; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS; STRESS FLUCTUATIONS; MODULI; MEDIA; COEFFICIENTS; INTERFACES; BEHAVIOR AB We consider a linearly elastic composite medium with stress free strains, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a homogeneous and statistically uniform random set of coated ellipsoidal inclusions having all the same form, orientation and mechanical properties. We are using the main hypothesis of many micromechanical methods, according to which each inclusion is located inside a homogeneous so-called effective field, It is shown, in the framework of the effective field hypothesis, that from a solution of the pure elastic problem (with zero stress free strains) for the composite the relations for effective thermal expansions, stored energy and average thermoelastic strains inside the components can be found. This way one obtains the generalization of the classical formulae by Rosen and Hashin (1970, Int, J. Eng. Sci, 8, 157-173), which are exact for two-component composites. The proposed theory is applied to the example of composites reinforced with particles with thin inhomogeneous (along inclusion surface! coatings. For a single coated inclusion the micromechanical approach is based on the Green function technique as well as on the interfacial Hill operators. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Light Weight Struct & Aerosp Engn, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM buryach@aol.com RI Rammerstorfer, Franz/R-9329-2016 NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 23 BP 3177 EP 3200 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(98)00304-7 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 291QH UT WOS:000085747200002 ER PT J AU Newton, RM AF Newton, RM TI Next-generation fighter planes SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Arlington, VA USA. RP Newton, RM (reprint author), USAF, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 397RG UT WOS:000166708900018 ER PT J AU Gao, XL AF Gao, XL TI Alternative derivation of Marguerre's displacement solution in plane isotropic elasticity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An alternative derivation of Marguerre's solution for displacements in plane isotropic elasticity is provided. It is shown that the present approach, which is based on Green's theorem and parallel to the Airy stress function approach, is straightforward. Also, the current derivation establishes the completeness of the Marguerre solution. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2000 VL 67 IS 2 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.1115/1.1303801 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 404PK UT WOS:000167109400027 ER PT J AU Menon, S Saxena, VK Logie, BD AF Menon, S Saxena, VK Logie, BD TI Chemical heterogeneity across cloud droplet size spectra in continental and marine air masses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE PRODUCTION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; WATER; DEPENDENCE; AEROSOLS; ACIDITY; COLLECTORS AB Variations in the chemical composition of cloud droplets of different sizes are predicted in models. Measurements made in natural clouds to verify this prediction are extremely limited, however. During the spring of 1995 and the summers of 1995 and 1996, a size-fractionating version of the California Institute of Technology active-strand cloud water collector was operated on a mountaintop platform in Mount Mitchell State Park, North Carolina (35 degrees 44'05 " N, 82 degrees 17'15 " W), to examine differences in drop chemistry between large and small cloud droplets. The size-fractionated measurements also were compared with the chemical composition collected from a passive string-type collector that collects bulk samples. Back-trajectory analysis was used to categorize the source of cloud-forming air masses that arrived at the site as polluted continental, continental, and marine. The differences in cloud drop acidity and chemical constituents were investigated for these different air masses. On average, smaller drops were more enriched in SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and H+; larger droplets had higher values of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Samples were collected for which the reverse was true, however. In this study, cloud droplet chemical inhomogeneity between droplet sizes and the effect of airmass origin on variations in the chemical composition were examined. Smaller droplets were found to be more acidic than were larger droplets for both marine and polluted continental air masses. The sodium content was the highest in the larger drops for marine events. The sulfate content in both the larger and smaller droplets was the highest for air masses that were from the polluted continental sector. Slightly higher solute concentrations for the larger droplet size range were found for events caused by orographic lifting; for cloud events influenced by frontal activity, higher solute concentrations were found for the smaller drop size range. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. AF Combat Climatol Ctr SYT, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Saxena, VK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM saxena@eos.ncsu.edu NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 BP 887 EP 903 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0887:CHACDS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324YT UT WOS:000087650100011 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Gianardi, D Turner, G AF Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Gianardi, D Turner, G TI Linewidth analysis of the photoluminescence from InAs/GaSb/InAs/AlSb type-II superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; QUANTUM-WELLS; INTERFACE; TEMPERATURE AB We present photoluminescent (PL) linewidth measurements on InAs:GaSb, type-II superlattices as a function of temperature and power. The observed PL linewidth for the samples, studied at 80 K, was 40-60 meV, which is significantly larger than a thermally broadened line of width 2 kT. The larger linewidth is well explained by a combination of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. The data suggest that the inhomogeneous broadening is dominated by interface roughness and that the roughness amplitude at the InAs-GaSb interface is on the order of 1 ML. A significant fraction of the broadening can be accounted for by the presence of interfacial regions which show a 1 ML decrease in the GaSb layer thickness. To account for homogeneous broadening, a Lorentzian function of width delta (full width at half maximum) is employed to smooth and broaden the synthetic spectrum which is calculated from a simple model of the spontaneous emission rate. A delta=10 meV was found to give the best fit of the synthetic spectra to the observed spectra. The spectral distribution was also found to be dependent on excitation power, and the data indicate that the photogenerated carriers preferentially occupy and fill the low energy regions of the heterointerface. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)01808-9]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 11 BP 7896 EP 7902 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)01808-9] DI 10.1063/1.373473 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QP UT WOS:000087067400046 ER PT J AU Della-Rose, DJ Sojka, JJ Zhu, L Schunk, RW David, M AF Della-Rose, DJ Sojka, JJ Zhu, L Schunk, RW David, M TI Driving the high-latitude ionosphere with variable time resolution "K-like" geomagnetic indices SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; WINTER F-REGION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SOLAR MINIMUM; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB The 3-h K-p index is widely used as a measure of geomagnetic activity for ionospheric studies. Specifically, it is the planetary index used to determine the geomagnetic dependence of statistical auroral patterns and the convection electric field for certain models. Its quasi anti-logarithm, the A, index, is similarly used in statistical models of the neutral atmosphere and neutral wind. Physics-based ionospheric models, such as the Utah State University (USU) Time-Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM), use these statistical models as magnetospheric and thermospheric inputs. However, the 3-h time interval between index computations is now considered a shortfall with regard to specifying and forecasting phenomena known to have faster time constants, e.g., auroral electrojet variations during a substorm. Therefore, these indices have been targeted for high-time resolution development; we have developed such indices in Della-Rose et al. (1999). We now use our 15-minute station "K-like" index to determine the effect of introducing high-time resolution magnetic fluctuations into the TDIM inputs. This study represented the high-latitude ionosphere by a grid of 1484 locations, and was carried out for a geomagnetic storm period during solar maximum and "simulated" winter solstice conditions. We found that, for fixed Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) B-y/B-z ratio, driving the TDIM with our 15-minute "K-like" index altered the average high-latitude NmF2 value by as much as 8% (vs. the average NmF2 obtained using a 3-h index to drive the TDIM). More significantly, the standard deviation of the NmF2 variations was up to 35%. Under some conditions, the average NmF2 was changed by up to 30% with a standard deviation of over 60%. However, the effect of selecting different convection patterns that represented three southward IMF B-z orientations led to larger effects. The high-latitude average NmF2 changed by 10% or less, but the spread in the distribution always ranged from standard deviations of 29 to 68%. These results indicate that there is a substantial need to consider both short-term magnetic fluctuations and inclusion of real-time IMF data in the inputs to ionospheric models. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Della-Rose, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 9 BP 773 EP 786 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00062-6 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344GY UT WOS:000088751900006 ER PT J AU Lohmann, CH Bonewald, LF Sisk, MA Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Lohmann, CH Bonewald, LF Sisk, MA Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI Maturation state determines the response of osteogenic cells to surface roughness and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE osteoblasts; osteocytes; maturation; titanium; surface roughness; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3; in vitro ID OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; MATRIX PRODUCTION; TITANIUM; BONE; DIFFERENTIATION; RESPONSIVENESS; CULTURE; MG-63 AB In this study we assessed whether osteogenic cells respond in a differential manner to changes in surface roughness depending on their maturation state. Previous studies using MG63 osteoblast-like cells, hypothesized to be at a relatively immature maturation state, showed that proliferation was inhibited and differentiation (osteocalcin production) was stimulated by culture on titanium (Ti) surfaces of increasing roughness. This effect was further enhanced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3]. In the present study, we examined the response of three additional cell lines at three different maturation states: fetal rat calvarial (FRC) cells (a mixture of multipotent mesenchymal cells, osteoprogenitor cells, and early committed osteoblasts), OCT-1 cells (well-differentiated secretory osteoblast-like cells isolated from calvaria), and MLO-Y4 cells (osteocyte-like cells). Both OCT-I and MLO-Y4 cells were derived from transgenic mice transformed with the SV40 large T-antigen driven by the osteocalcin promoter. Cells mere cultured on Ti disks with three different average surface roughnesses (R-a): PT, 0.5 mu m; SLA, 4.1 mu m; and TPS, 4.9 mu m. When cultures reached confluence on plastic, vehicle or 10(-7) M or 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 was added for 24 h to ah of the cultures. At harvest, cell number, alkaline phosphatase-specific activity, and production of osteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) were measured. Cell behavior was sensitive to surface roughness and depended on the maturation state of the cell line. Fetal rat calvarial (FRC) cell number and alkaline phosphatase-specific activity were decreased, whereas production of osteocalcin, TGF-beta 1, and PGE(2) were increased with increasing surface roughness. Addition of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 to the cultures further augmented the effect of roughness for all parameters in a dose-dependent manner; only TGF-beta 1 production on plastic and PT was unaffected by 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. OCT-1 cell number and alkaline phosphatase (SLA > TPS) were decreased and production of PGE(2), osteocalcin, and TGF-beta 1 were increased on SLA and TPS. Response to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 varied with the parameter being measured. Addition of the hormone to the cultures had no effect on cell number or TGF-beta 1 production on any surface, while alkaline phosphatase was stimulated on SLA and TPS; osteocalcin production was increased on all Ti surfaces but not on plastic; and PGE(2) was decreased on plastic and PT, but unaffected on SLA and TPS. In MLO-Y4 cultures, cell number was decreased on SLA and TPS; alkaline phosphatase was unaffected by increasing surface roughness; and production of osteocalcin, TGF-beta 1, and PGE(2) were increased on SLA and TPS. Although 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 had no effect on cell number, aIkaline phosphatase, or production of TGF-beta 1 or PGE(2) on any surface, the production of osteocalcin was stimulated by 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 on SLA and TPS. These results indicate that surface roughness promotes osteogenic differentiation of less mature cells, enhancing their responsiveness to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. As cells become more mature, they exhibit a reduced sensitivity to their substrate but even the terminally differentiated osteocyte is affected by changes in surface roughness. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Gottingen, Dept Orthopaed, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Mail Code 7774,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-43775]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603, DE-05937] NR 38 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1180 DI 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.6.1169 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 317FW UT WOS:000087216200020 PM 10841186 ER PT J AU Darasella, M Brill, G Garland, JW Nathan, V Sivananthan, S AF Darasella, M Brill, G Garland, JW Nathan, V Sivananthan, S TI In-situ control of temperature and alloy composition of Cd1-xZnxTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP USA, CECOM, USA, SMDC, USA, Res Lab, USAF, Res Lab, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE CdTe/Si; CdZnTe (CZT); spectroscopic ellipsometry; parametric model; critical points; alloy composition; temperature monitoring; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) ID OPTICAL DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; CDTE; DEPENDENCE AB In this work in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been applied for the simultaneous determination of the growth temperature and alloy composition for the epitaxial Cd1-xZnxTe(211)/Si(211) structure. The optical dielectric functions of CdTe and Cd0.96Zn0.04Te (CZT) epilayers were studied as a function of temperature both ex-situ and in-situ in the range from 1.6 eV to 4.5 eV. We employed parametric models for the simulation of the optical properties of CZT at and between the critical points (CP) E-0, E-0 + Delta(0), E-1, E-1 + Delta(1), E-2(Sigma) and E-2(Sigma). Critical point energies and line widths for Cd1-xZnxTe were obtained through the fitting process, which included both zero order and higher order derivatives of the SE pseudo dielectric function. The dependence of the different critical points on Zn concentration x is discussed. It has been demonstrated that the energy of the weak E-0 + Delta(0) transition can be used to measure composition, while the E-1 energy can be used as a real-time temperature measure. The model parameters were optimized through the simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets, and the temperature dependent model was developed for in-situ application. Our analysis is estimated to produce uncertainties of only +/- 0.5 degrees C in measuring the temperature and +/- 0.5% in measuring the composition if only the zero order dielectric function is being fitted. The effects of a surface overlayer, of reflected beam deflections, and of other experimental problems on the overall accuracy, are discussed as well as ways to improve the in-situ SE data quality. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Darasella, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 742 EP 747 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0218-x PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QP UT WOS:000089057400024 ER PT J AU Ashworth, ARS Dror, IE AF Ashworth, ARS Dror, IE TI Object identification as a function of discriminability and learning presentations: The effect of stimulus similarity and canonical frame alignment on aircraft identification SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-APPLIED LA English DT Article ID MENTAL ROTATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS; VIEWPOINT INVARIANCE; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; 3D OBJECTS; RECOGNITION; ORIENTATION; REPRESENTATION; MOTION; COMPREHENSION AB Aircraft that were relatively similar (homogeneous) and relatively dissimilar (heterogeneous) in appearance were studied at orientations either consistent (canonical) or inconsistent (noncanonical) with the environmental frame of reference. At test, participants' identification performance was measured with stimuli rotated to novel orientations within the picture plane. During learning and testing, identification of heterogeneous aircraft was better than that of homogeneous aircraft. At test, only identification of homogenous aircraft revealed a strong linear degradation of performance as angular disparity between the novel test orientations and the original learning orientations increased. During learning and testing, identification was better for aircraft studied at canonical orientations than for those studied at noncanonical orientations. The results are discussed in terms of object identification, aircraft recognition training, categorization, mental representations, and visual mental rotation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Ashworth, ARS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2509 Kennedy Circle Bldg 125, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-898X J9 J EXP PSYCHOL-APPL JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Appl. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1037/1076-898X.6.2.148 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 327CP UT WOS:000087775700005 PM 10937318 ER PT J AU Murawaski, CG Vafai, K AF Murawaski, CG Vafai, K TI An experimental investigation of the effect of freestream turbulence on the wake of a separated low-pressure turbine blade at low Reynolds numbers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An experimental study was conducted in a two-dimensional linear cascade, focusing on the suction surface of a low pressure turbine blade. Flow Reynolds numbers, based on exit velocity and suction length, have been varied from 50,000 to 300,000. The freestream turbulence intensity was varied from 1.1 to 8.1 percent. Separation was observed at all test Reynolds numbers. Increasing the flow Reynolds number, without changing freestream turbulence, resulted in a rearward movement of the onset of separation and shrinkage of the separation zone. Increasing the freestream turbulence intensity, without changing Reynolds number, resulted in shrinkage of the separation region on the suction surface. The influences on the blade's wake from altering freestream turbulence and Reynolds number are also documented. It is shown that width of the wake and velocity defect rise with a decrease in either turbulence level or chord Reynolds number. [S0098-2202 (00)00202-9]. C1 USAF, Prop Directorate, RL, PRTT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Murawaski, CG (reprint author), USAF, Prop Directorate, RL, PRTT, Bldg 18,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 431 EP 433 DI 10.1115/1.483281 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NE UT WOS:000167106000027 ER PT J AU Caledonia, GE Krech, RH Oakes, DB Lipson, SJ Blumberg, WAM AF Caledonia, GE Krech, RH Oakes, DB Lipson, SJ Blumberg, WAM TI Products of the reaction of 8 km/s N(S-4) and O-2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; NITROGEN-ATOMS; THERMOSPHERE AB Reactions involving fast nitrogen atoms are of importance both in the upper atmosphere and in defining the near-field environment around orbiting spacecraft. We present the first quantitative study of the distribution of vibrationally excited ground state NO produced in the reaction of 8 km/s N atoms with O-2. A pulsed beam of energetic nitrogen atoms was interacted with thermal oxygen molecules under single-collision conditions in a crossed beam configuration. The fundamental and first overtone band emissions of the reaction product NO (X(2)Pi) were measured using both band-pass-filtered radiometers and a circular variable filter. The spectrally resolved emissions were analyzed to determine the nascent NO vibrational distribution and the vibrational state-specific reaction cross sections. The present results are compared with earlier measurements performed at thermal energies and contrasted with theoretical predictions. C1 Phys Sci Inc, New England Business Ctr 20, Andover, MA 01810 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Caledonia, GE (reprint author), Phys Sci Inc, New England Business Ctr 20, Andover, MA 01810 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A6 BP 12833 EP 12837 DI 10.1029/1999JA000432 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 319QD UT WOS:000087351900025 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Cowley, SWH Lester, M Denig, WF Cerisier, JC Milan, SE Moen, J Trondsen, E Lybekk, B AF Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Cowley, SWH Lester, M Denig, WF Cerisier, JC Milan, SE Moen, J Trondsen, E Lybekk, B TI Dynamic cusp aurora and associated pulsed reverse convection during northward interplanetary magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HF RADAR OBSERVATIONS; IMF B-Y; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA CONVECTION; SOLAR-WIND; JANUARY 14; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOPAUSE AB We report a study of ionospheric signatures of plasma entry and momentum transfer at the dayside magnetopause during northward oriented interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), combining ground observations of the dayside aurora, and ionospheric ion drift (CUTLASS HF radar) with simultaneous particle precipitation data obtained from three overflights by the Defence Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F12, F13 and F14 spacecraft. The observations were taken during a 37-min long interval of strongly northward IMF (B-z=7 nT; clock angle similar to 10 degrees-15 degrees) after a. rapid northward turning. The meridan scanning photometer at; the ground station recorded a long stepwise poleward retraction and latitudinal widening of the band of auroral emission in the cusp region. Thus the activity includes a series of episodes which are characterized by an initial 1-2 min poleward "step" of the auroral poleward boundary, followed by a similar to 3-4 min period of relatively steady auroral latitude. The auroral events were accompanied by bursts of "reverse" two-cell convection characterized by equatorward flow across the cusp poleward boundary. The three DMSP spacecraft, which traversed the poleward boundary of the cusp aurora from north to south, entered into a region of auroral precipitation where electrons and ions of magnetosheath origin were present, together with equatorward convection. The observations are found to be consistent with a theoretical description of a sequence of bursts of lobe reconnection involving both hemispheres. This process results in the capture of magnetosheath flux tubes and thereby closed flux is added to the dayside magnetosphere. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Blindern, Norway. Ctr Etude Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-94107 St Maur, France. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03842 USA. Univ Courses Svalbard, N-9070 Longyearbyen, Norway. RP Sandholt, PE (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Blindern, Norway. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A6 BP 12869 EP 12894 DI 10.1029/2000JA900025 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 319QD UT WOS:000087351900029 ER PT J AU Pierce, JL Zawada, LP Srinivasan, R AF Pierce, JL Zawada, LP Srinivasan, R TI Tensile behavior of SiC/C and Rene' 41 following isothermal exposure and thermal fatigue SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The performance of a coated silicon carbide/carbon composite under isothermal and thermal fatigue conditions was investigated. The material studied is known as Ceracarb(TM) which consists of eight-harness satin weave Nicalon(R) silicon carbide cloth reinforcement, a carbonaceous matrix, and a silicon carbide composite coating. This advanced composite is being considered for replacing the nickel based superalloy Rene'41, as the exhaust nozzle components on military afterburning turbine engines. Thermal fatigue experiments, performed in the laboratory using a thermal cycling test system, were intended to roughly simulate the thermal excursions of an afterburning exhaust nozzle. Several thermal profiles were used to characterize the role of temperature, number of cycles, temperature range, and time at temperature, on the room temperature residual tensile strength of the material. The same thermal profiles were also conducted on test specimens of Rene'41 in order to compare its durability in the laboratory simulation test set-up to the composite. Both materials showed no loss in strength from the as-received condition following thermal testing. However, the Rene'41 showed evidence of microstructural instability at the maximum test temperature of 1093 degrees C (2000 degrees F) which did affect the toughness of the material. While the results from this study showed that both materials retained strength when thermally exposed in the laboratory under no loads, thermal testing under load may provide a more realistic view of how the materials perform in the afterburning exhaust nozzle application. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat Mfg & NDE Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45417 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Pierce, JL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45411 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2973 EP 2984 DI 10.1023/A:1004778726935 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 314QV UT WOS:000087069000008 ER PT J AU Bose, KK Chakraborty, J Khuder, S Smith-Mensah, WH Robinson, J AF Bose, KK Chakraborty, J Khuder, S Smith-Mensah, WH Robinson, J TI Lysyl oxidase activity in the cells of flexor retinaculum of individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA-1; ACTIN EXPRESSION; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; FIBROSIS; CULTURE; RAT; PHENOTYPE; REPAIR; BETA AB Lysyl oxidase (LO) is produced by myofibroblast cells in some tissues and can be influenced by transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF beta(1)). Myofibroblast-like cells are present in the flexor reticulum of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), The goal of the current study was to determine LO activity and the effects of TGF beta(1) on LO expression in the cells front patients with CTS. Tissues from both hands of five individuals with CTS were used for this study. LO activity with and without TGF beta(1) stimulation was assayed in 7-day cell culture specimens. A significant difference in LO activity among individual patients, but not between right and left hands of the same patient, was observed. There was no correlation between the severity of CTS determined by nerve conduction studies and LO activity. Addition of TCF beta(1) significantly increased LO in all cell lines. C1 Med Coll Ohio, Dept Physiol & Mol Med, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Dept Med, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Dept Surg, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. USAF, Barksdale AFB, LA USA. St Vincent Mercy Med Ctr, Toledo, OH USA. RP Chakraborty, J (reprint author), Med Coll Ohio, Dept Physiol & Mol Med, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 6 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1097/00043764-200006000-00005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 325ZC UT WOS:000087706300005 PM 10874650 ER PT J AU Wallace, I Yu, DJ Harrison, RG Gavrielides, A AF Wallace, I Yu, DJ Harrison, RG Gavrielides, A TI Experimental observations of multi-mode dynamics in an external cavity semiconductor laser SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euroconference on Trends in Optical Nonlinear Dynamics (COCOS 99) on Complex Behaviour in Optical Systems and Applications ` CY OCT, 1999 CL MUNSTER, GERMANY SP European Union DE semiconductor laser; multi-mode; external feedback; nonlinear dynamics; low frequency fluctuations; locked state; synchronization ID LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY AB We present experimental results of the dynamics in a semiconductor laser operating on several longitudinal modes subject to external feedback. Both low-frequency fluctuations (LFFs) and locked states are studied through observing the outputs from the dominant mode, all modes except the dominant mode, and all modes. Synchronized dropout events of LFFs are observed among each of the solitary modes while energy competition and trading occurs among these modes when the total output exhibits the locked state. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Grp, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Yu, DJ (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Grp, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/2/3/337 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 364TK UT WOS:000089908900042 ER PT J AU Bartoloni, JA Murchison, DF Wofford, DT Sarkar, NK AF Bartoloni, JA Murchison, DF Wofford, DT Sarkar, NK TI Degree of conversion in denture base materials for varied polymerization techniques SO JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL MONOMER LEVELS; ACRYLIC RESIN; DENTAL PROSTHESES; INFRARED-ANALYSIS; CYTOTOXICITY; METHACRYLATE AB New processing techniques for denture base acrylic resins have been introduced which have not comparatively quantified the residual monomer content. While proper processing keeps the residual monomer in a tolerable range for most patients, tissue irritation and reaction due to potentially higher residual monomer in these alternative techniques could be a clinical concern. Decreased degree of conversion may influence physical properties as well as biocompatibility. This investigation evaluated the residual monomer content of acrylic resins cured by three different polymerization modes. Materials (polymerization system) evaluated were: Lucitone 199(R) (conventional process), Accelar 20(R) (rapid boil-out), and Acron MC(R) (microwave). Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was employed to determine the degree of conversion. All curing methods produced similar results (Lucitone 199(R) = 92.7% (0.21), Acron MC(R) = 92.6% (0.57), Accelar 20(R) = 90.9%(0.73). Conversion for Accelar 20(R) (rapid boil-out technique), though statistically different (P < 0.05, ANOVA) from the other two materials and polymerization techniques, was only slightly less. It is unlikely that the rapid boil-out technique would induce more adverse tissue responses than the other techniques included in this study. C1 USAF, SAM, AED, Dent Invest Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. MRDG, Med Wing 59, Lackland AFB, TX USA. SGD, Med Grp 374, Yokota, Japan. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Dent, Dept Biomat, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Bartoloni, JA (reprint author), USAF, SAM, AED, Dent Invest Serv, 2509 Kennedy Circle,Bldg 125 Rm 215, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-182X J9 J ORAL REHABIL JI J. Oral Rehabil. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 27 IS 6 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00536.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 328RG UT WOS:000087863400004 PM 10888276 ER PT J AU Paul, P AF Paul, P TI Correspondence SO JOURNAL OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Paul, P (reprint author), POB 65722, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PARAPSYCHOLOGY PI DURHAM PA 402 N BUCHANAN BLVD, DURHAM, NC 27701-1728 USA SN 0022-3387 J9 J PARAPSYCHOL JI J. Parapsychol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2 BP 231 EP 232 PG 2 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 375GK UT WOS:000165391000007 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Mather, PT Alexander, MD Grayson, CJ Houtz, MD Spry, RJ Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Mather, PT Alexander, MD Grayson, CJ Houtz, MD Spry, RJ Arnold, FE TI Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated benzoxazole polymers with high T-g and low dielectric constant SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE low dielectric constant; low-k; low-kappa; benzoxazole polymers; fluorinated aromatic polymers; hydrophobic polymers; microelectronic packaging ID RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY; POLYIMIDES; FILM; ANISOTROPY AB Next generation microelectronic packaging requirements are driving the need to produce increasingly lower dielectric constant materials while maintaining high thermal stability and ease of processing. Efforts have focused on the synthesis and analysis of new polymers with the goals of high thermal stability [degradation temperature (T-d) > 400 degrees C, low glass-transition temperature (T-g) > 350 degrees C], low water uptake (<1%), solubility in selected organic solvents, dielectric constant less than 2.5, and low thermal expansion coefficient. These stringent combined goals have been largely achieved with flexible aromatic benzoxazole polymers. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between pendant hydroxyl groups and the double-bond nitrogen of the benzoxazole has been exploited to increase the polymer T-g, whereas the incorporation of perfluoroisopropyl units effectively decreases the dielectric constant. Out-of-plane impedance measurements on films of materials in this family (38-134 mu m thick) have resulted in typical dielectric values of 2.1-2.5 at 1 MHz, depending on copolymer ratios and functionalizations. Results have been correlated with optical waveguide measurements of films 4-mu m thick to determine film anisotropy and the high-frequency dielectric constant, and have been corroborated by in-plane interdigitated electrode dielectric measurements on samples 0.75 mu m thick. Candidate materials exhibited extremely low water uptake (0.2%) even after submersion in boiling water for several days. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the polymers enabled the determination of the influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the T-g and loss tangent magnitude. Finally, the coefficient; of thermal expansion has been examined and correlated with copolymer constitution. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arnold, FE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1991 EP 2003 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(20000601)38:11<1991::AID-POLA80>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 313CW UT WOS:000086983600008 ER PT J AU Seale, FG Robinson, RD Neal, GS AF Seale, FG Robinson, RD Neal, GS TI Association of metformin and pregnancy in the polycystic ovary syndrome - A report of three cases SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE metformin; polycystic ovary syndrome; infertility, female ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; THERAPY AB BACKGROUND: Infertility is a common manifestation of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism. Hyperinsulinemia leads to increased ovarian androgen production, resulting in follicular atresia and anovulation. Metformin, a medication that improves insulin sensitivity and decreases serum insulin levels, restores menstrual cyclicity and ovulatory function and may improve fertility rates in women with PCOS. We present three consecutive cases from our clinic that support this premise. CASES: Three patients were seen in the reproductive endocrinology clinic with documented PCOS, long-standing infertility and clinically diagnosed insulin resistance. The first patient had hyperandrogenic, insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome and had been resistant to multiple courses of clomiphene citrate; the second exhibited hypertension, hyperlipidemia and glucose intolerance along with anovulation; and the third presented with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and a desire to conceive. Each patient received metformin, which led to restoration of menstrual cyclicity and conception in all three cases. CONCLUSION: These three patients reflect the heterogeneous nature of PCOS, and treating their underlying insulin resistance with metformin resulted in pregnancy. These findings suggest that metformin may be a useful adjunct for treatment of infertility in patients with PCOS. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Seale, FG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 6 BP 507 EP 510 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 327EE UT WOS:000087779900013 PM 10900588 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Clayton, AS Meffert, JJ McCollough, ML AF Elston, DM Clayton, AS Meffert, JJ McCollough, ML TI Migratory poliosis: A forme fruste of alopecia areata? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEVUS; HAIR AB We describe a 19-year-old African-American man with a 14-year history of migratory poliosis. We suggest that this phenomenon may represent a forme fruste of alopecia areata. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dermatol MMID, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dermatol MMID, 2200 Bergquist,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1076 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90307-4 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 321GP UT WOS:000087448000020 PM 10827416 ER PT J AU Johnson, BC Chambers, MJ AF Johnson, BC Chambers, MJ TI Expert panel identifies activities and performance measures for foodservice benchmarking SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), MDSS, SGSAD, 45 Pine St, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 100 IS 6 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00201-7 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MG UT WOS:000170310900022 PM 10863573 ER PT J AU Dutton, R Wheeler, R Ravichandran, KS An, K AF Dutton, R Wheeler, R Ravichandran, KS An, K TI Effect of heat treatment on the thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal conductivity; heat treatment; microcracks; TBCs ID ALUMINA AB The effect of heat treatment on the thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) and Al2O3 coatings was investigated. A heat treatment of 1300 degrees C in flowing argon for 50 h was found to significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the coatings when compared to measurements in the as-sprayed condition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of the microstructures of the coatings in the as-sprayed and heat-treated conditions revealed that sintering of microcracks at the splat interfaces ras the main cause for the increase in thermal conductivity. In the YSZ coatings, complete closure of microcracks was frequently observed. In contrast, microcrack closure in the Al2O3 coating was characterized by the isolated necking of particles across a microcrack rather than complete closure, A model for thermal conductivity in a solid containing oriented penny-shaped cracks was used to explain the observed increase in thermal conductivity after heat treatment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mft Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Dutton, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mft Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 17 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 2 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1361/105996300770349935 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 336RM UT WOS:000088316800008 ER PT J AU Abadi, J AF Abadi, J TI Curzon and British imperialism in the Middle East, 1916-1919 SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Abadi, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3 BP 488 EP 489 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 337PV UT WOS:000088371600027 ER PT J AU Howell, FJ Brannon, RH AF Howell, FJ Brannon, RH TI Aeromedical evacuation: Remembering the past, bridging to the future SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm saw the largest mobilization of aeromedical evacuation (AE) assets since the Vietnam War. Ultimately, more than 1,950 AE personnel were deployed to support the medical airlift of personnel. With aircrews based at 17 locations in the region, at its peak the system could move up to 3,600 intratheater and 2,500 intertheater casualties per day. Fortunately, the demand for AE fell far short of predictions. During the period from August 12, 1990, to March 31, 1991, more than 12,500 patients were successfully airlifted using converted cargo aircraft, a concept originally validated in World War II. The authors describe the Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm AE system and identify the efforts underway to construct a new aeromedical evacuation system capable of meeting the needs of the battlefield of the 21st century. C1 28th Med Grp, Ellsworth AFB, SD 57706 USA. RP Howell, FJ (reprint author), 28th Med Grp, 2900 Doolittle Dr, Ellsworth AFB, SD 57706 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 6 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324RG UT WOS:000087634700001 PM 10870356 ER PT J AU Rogister, F Sukow, DW Gavrielides, A Megret, P Deparis, O Blondel, M AF Rogister, F Sukow, DW Gavrielides, A Megret, P Deparis, O Blondel, M TI Experimental demonstration of suppression of low-frequency fluctuations and stabilization of an external-cavity laser diode SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FEEDBACK; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; DYNAMICS AB We demonstrate experimentally all-optical stabilization of a single-mode laser diode subject to external optical feedback operating in the low-frequency fluctuations (LFF) regime, by the technique of applying a second delayed optical feedback. We interpret our results as suppression of LFF through destruction of the antimodes responsible for the LFF crises and stabilization of the laser through creation of new maximum gain modes, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.1450, 140.2020, 140.5960, 190.3100. C1 Fac Polytech Mons, Serv Electromagnetisme & Telecommun, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. USAF, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Res Lab, AFRL,DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Rogister, F (reprint author), Fac Polytech Mons, Serv Electromagnetisme & Telecommun, 31 Blvd Dolez, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RI Rogister, Fabien/A-6717-2009 NR 6 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 11 BP 808 EP 810 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000808 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 321MH UT WOS:000087458900013 PM 18064191 ER PT J AU Cox, RL Freeman, TM AF Cox, RL Freeman, TM TI Partial choanal atresia masking as allergic rhinitis SO PEDIATRIC ASTHMA ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; FOLLOW-UP AB Rhinitis is a very common condition that disrupts the quality of life of approximately 30% of the population. Rhinitis can be classified into allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). tin interesting case of NAR is presented of a 4-year-old female with a chief complaint of perennial runny nose, nasal congestion, epistaxis, and pruritis since infancy. No triggers were identified. Antihistamines and decongestants were without effect. She had a peanut foreign body in the right nostril at approximately the same time as the onset of the rhinitis. A behavioral disorder was her only other notable past medical history. Her family history was unremarkable for allergy. The notable findings on her physical examination included a normal appearing facial structure and nasal mucosa with unilateral, clear nasal discharge from the right nares. A coronal view, nonenhanced, computed tomography scan of the sinuses revealed unilateral, incomplete choanal atresia and hypoplastic turbinates on the right. The maxillary sinus was not hypoplastic and the maxilla had normal bony structure. Differentiating AR from NAR can be very difficult, as the presenting symptoms are very similar. In the pediatric population the clinician needs to be aware of the possibility of foreign body, congenital abnormalities, or systemic diseases. Having a high index of suspicion for these conditions will allow the clinician to have an in-depth differential diagnosis for the causes of rhinitis in children. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cox, RL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0883-1874 J9 PEDIATR ASTHMA ALLER JI Pediatr. Asthma Allergy Immunol. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1089/pai.2000.14.129 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 337HG UT WOS:000088350900008 ER PT J AU Morris, MG Venkatesh, V AF Morris, MG Venkatesh, V TI Age differences in technology adoption decisions: Implications for a changing work force SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; COMPUTER-TECHNOLOGY; JOB-SATISFACTION; USER ACCEPTANCE; PERCEIVED EASE; ATTITUDES; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; INVOLVEMENT AB This research investigated age differences in individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace using the theory of planned behavior. User reactions and technology usage behavior were studied over a 5-month period among 118 workers being introduced to a new software system. At 2 points of measurement, compared to older workers, younger workers' technology usage decisions were more strongly influenced by attitude toward using the technology. In contrast, older workers. were more strongly influenced by subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, although the: effect of subjective norm diminished of er time. These findings were robust, even after controlling for key confounding variables identified in prior organizational behavior research (i.e., income, occupation, and education levels). Theoretical and practical implications for understanding the effects of aging an technology adoption and usage in the workplace are discussed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Morris, MG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 73 TC 308 Z9 314 U1 9 U2 55 PU PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY INC PI BOWLING GREEN PA 745 HASKINS ROAD, SUITE A, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 USA SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 53 IS 2 BP 375 EP 403 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00206.x PG 29 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 326DC UT WOS:000087716600006 ER PT J AU Bharadwaj, RK Berry, RJ Farmer, BL AF Bharadwaj, RK Berry, RJ Farmer, BL TI Molecular dynamics simulation study of norbornene-POSS polymers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; polynorbornene; molecular dynamics simulations ID DIELECTRIC RELAXATION BEHAVIOUR; EMPIRICAL DECAY FUNCTION; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURES; SILSESQUIOXANE POLYMERS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; SILOXANE COPOLYMERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CONSTANTS; MACROMERS; EPOXY AB Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been used to delineate the effects of introducing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) moieties substituted by cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl rings as pendant groups on polynorbornene. Simulations were also performed on polynorbornene for comparison. Calculated volume-temperature behavior and X-ray scattering profiles matched well with experimental results. Most importantly, the effects of incorporating the POSS moieties into the polymer have been identified via simulations. These were judged on the basis of the increase in the glass transition temperature, retardation of the chain dynamics and improvements in the calculated elastic tensile, bulk and shear moduli of the POSS containing polymers compared to the norbornene homopolymer. The most important conclusion from the study is that aggregation of the POSS moieties is not required for the beneficial effects to be realized. Indeed, the simulations show that there is no tendency for aggregation to occur among the POSS moieties if they are well dispersed to begin with over the time scale of the simulation. Packing features are delineated with the aid of intermolecular site-site radial distribution functions. In addition, the mean squared displacement of the POSS moietes in the polymer matrix was found to be very small at all temperatures leading to a slowing of the segmental dynamics of the polymer chain, and thereby imparting the macroscopically observed stiffness. It is reasoned that the chief source of reinforcement arises from the POSS moieties behaving as strong anchor points in the polymeric matrix. This has more to do with the ponderous nature of these moieties versus any specific intermolecular interactions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 126 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 19 BP 7209 EP 7221 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00072-0 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 327PW UT WOS:000087802800024 ER PT J AU Douville, P AF Douville, P TI Real-time classification of traffic signs SO REAL-TIME IMAGING LA English DT Article AB A challenging real-time imaging problem is classifying video traffic signs in background clutter under rotation, scale, and translation invariant conditions. Normalized Gabor Wavelet Transform features from multi-resolution filters were originally biologically-based; however, optimized features proved more effective. Two whole image template matching techniques were unsuccessful. A statistical pattern recognition system recognized approximately 30% of the images for the original features and 50% for the optimized features; however, a multilayer perceptron (mlp) detected over 70% of the images with the optimized features. The research demonstrated the possibility of a future automotive navigation aid which robustly collects sign images and classifies these images in real-time with a single Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), a bank of filters and a trained neural net. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USAF, RL, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Douville, P (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1077-2014 J9 REAL-TIME IMAGING JI Real-Time Imaging PD JUN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1006/rtim.1998.0142 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 336YZ UT WOS:000088331700002 ER PT J AU Kohl, TD Lisney, M AF Kohl, TD Lisney, M TI Tinea gladiatorum - Wrestling's emerging foe SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRICHOPHYTON-TONSURANS; CORPORIS-GLADIATORUM; SKIN INFECTIONS; STRATUM-CORNEUM; ECCRINE SWEAT; ITRACONAZOLE; WRESTLERS; CRURIS; FLUCONAZOLE; TERBINAFINE AB Tinea corporis, or ringworm, has become a common nuisance in competitive wrestling. Although it is a fairly benign infectious skin disease, it has significant effects on the ability of a wrestler to compete because of infection control issues. Very little has been published in the medical literature describing this problem. The majority of the literature has described outbreaks in an isolated group of wrestlers. One must examine ringworm infections in wrestlers as an entity distinct from tinea corporis infections typically seen in the paediatric population thus the term 'tinea gladiatorum'. Tinea gladiatorum outbreaks have been caused by the dermatophyte, Trichophyton tonsurans. The epidemiology and microbiology point to person-to-person contact as the main source of transmission in wrestlers. The clinical features of tinea gladiatorum may or may not be consistent with those found in the general population. Ancillary tests, including potassium hydroxide preparations and fungal cultures may have to be done to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment guidelines for tinea corporis have failed to produce the desired goals in this particular population. More research studying different treatment regimens in the wrestling environment is needed to define the optimal treatment to return wrestlers to competition quickly without putting other wrestlers at risk for infection. Intuitive hygiene practices have been suggested to prevent spread of the infection, but they have not been substantiated. Anecdotal reports suggest that hygiene practices fall short of producing adequate primary or secondary prevention. Pharmaceutical prophylaxis has been effective, but universal drug prophylaxis carries risks including drug adverse effects and potential drug resistance. The role of potential asymptomatic carriers of dermatophytes has yet to be elucidated in the origin and/or perpetuation of tinea gladiatorum outbreaks. There are many unanswered questions about tinea gladiatorum. Sports medicine professionals must work to define this entity more completely before making recommendations about treatment, prevention and infection control. The ultimate goal is the eradication of tinea infections from the wrestling world. Energy should be focused on primary and secondary prevention, as well as treatment. Without a thorough knowledge of tinea gladiatorum as a distinct disease entity, wrestling has been losing its battle with this formidable opponent. C1 First Med Grp, Langley AFB, VA USA. Reading Hosp & Med Ctr, Family Med Residency, Reading, PA USA. RP Kohl, TD (reprint author), 901 Prestwick Lane, Newport News, VA 23602 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.2165/00007256-200029060-00006 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 325VM UT WOS:000087697200006 PM 10870869 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Training the trunk for improved athletic performance SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE trunk training; exercise descriptions; functional training ID PROGRAM; TORSO C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 22 IS 3 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1519/00126548-200006000-00013 PG 12 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 323QC UT WOS:000087575600010 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Discipline SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 22 IS 3 BP 78 EP 79 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 323QC UT WOS:000087575600013 ER PT J AU Qu, D Shi, DL Ferendeci, A Mast, D Blackstead, HA Maartense, I AF Qu, D Shi, DL Ferendeci, A Mast, D Blackstead, HA Maartense, I TI Scaling behaviour of rf surface resistance in oxygen deficient single-domain YBCO SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Processing and Applications of Superconducting (RE) BCO Large Grain Materials PASREG) CY OCT 21-22, 1999 CL ICHI YUH KAIKAN IWATE UNIV, MORIOKA, JAPAN SP Ichi Yuh Kaikan Iwate Univ HO ICHI YUH KAIKAN IWATE UNIV ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; YBA2CU3OX; GROWTH; FILMS AB To develop high-quality rf components for wireless telecommunications, we have processed single-domain YBCO of various dimensions and geometry for the device applications including high-e resonators and filters. In this development, a critical parameter, the surface resistance, R-s, of single-domain YBCO has been measured in wide ranges of temperature and magnetic field. We have found that the Pippard model can best describe the well oxygenated crystal, indicating the high-quality of single-domain YBCO. However, such scaling breaks down when the oxygen structural disorders are introduced into the sample. A fundamentally different scaling behaviour is observed, which is closely related to the structural defects of oxygen. We report such a behaviour and discuss the possible underlying mechanism. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. AFRL, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Qu, D (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 13 IS 6 BP 902 EP 907 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/13/6/356 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 326YT UT WOS:000087765400057 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DH AF Jenkins, DH TI Substance abuse and withdrawn in the intensive care unit - Contemporary issues SO SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF-SYNDROME; BLIND CONTROLLED TRIAL; TRAUMA CENTER PATIENTS; CHRONIC ALCOHOL-ABUSE; BENZODIAZEPINE WITHDRAWAL; COCAINE ABUSE; CARDIOVASCULAR PERFORMANCE; PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT AB The development of withdrawal syndromes from commonly abused drugs can be hard to recognize and treat in critically ill patients. The pathophysiologic basis of acute intoxication, prolonged abuse, and withdrawal from commonly abused drugs is discussed. Diagnostic clues and therapeutic intervention for withdrawal syndromes are presented. Unusual drugs and iatrogenic drug dependence also are covered. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, MDW MMKG 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jenkins, DH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, MDW MMKG 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 224 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0039-6109 J9 SURG CLIN N AM JI Surg. Clin.-North Am. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 80 IS 3 BP 1033 EP + DI 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70112-2 PG 22 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 322DC UT WOS:000087494100019 PM 10897277 ER PT J AU McDougal, JN Pollard, DL Weisman, W Garrett, CM Miller, TE AF McDougal, JN Pollard, DL Weisman, W Garrett, CM Miller, TE TI Assessment of skin absorption and penetration of JP-8 jet fuel and its components SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE jet fuel; JP-8; mixture; nonane; decane; undecane; dodecane; tridecane; tetradecane; pentadecane; naphthalene; methyl naphthalene; dimethyl naphthalene; methyl benzene (toluene); dimethyl benzene (xylene); trimethyl benzene; ethyl benzene; diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; dermal absorption; skin penetration; Fischer 344 rat; dermatomed skin; static diffusion cell; flux; permeability coefficient; skin concentration ID PETROLEUM MIDDLE DISTILLATES; MOUSE SKIN; DERMAL ABSORPTION; FISCHER-344 RATS; IRRITATION; TOXICITY; INVITRO; MICE; EXPOSURE; STREAMS AB Dermal penetration and absorption of jet fuels in general, and JP-8 in particular, is not well understood, even though government and industry, worldwide, use over 4.5 billion gallons of JP-8 per year. Exposures to JP-8 can occur from vapor, liquid, or aerosol. Inhalation and dermal exposure are the most prevalent routes, JP-8 may cause irritation during repeated or prolonged exposures, but it is unknown whether systemic toxicity can occur from dermal penetration of fuels. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the penetration and absorption of JP-8 and its major constituents with rat skin, so that the potential for effects with human exposures can be assessed. We used static diffusion cells to measure both the flux of JP-8 and components across the skin and the kinetics of absorption into the skin. Total flux of the hydrocarbon components was 20.3 micrograms/cm(2)/h. Thirteen individual components of JP-8 penetrated into the receptor solution. The fluxes ranged from a high of 51.5 micrograms/cm(2)/h (an additive, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) to a low of 0.334 micrograms/cm(2)/h (tridecane), Aromatic components penetrated most rapidly. Six components (all aliphatic) were identified in the skin. Concentrations absorbed into the skin at 3.5 h ranged from 0.055 micrograms per gram skin (tetradecane) to 0.266 micrograms per gram skin (undecane). These results suggest: (1) that JP-8 penetration will not cause systemic toxicity because of low fluxes of all the components; and (2) the absorption of aliphatic components into the skin may be a cause of skin irritation. C1 Geo Ctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, AFRL HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Geo Ctr Inc, 2856 G St,AFRL HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 55 IS 2 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1093/toxsci/55.2.247 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 319JT UT WOS:000087338300003 PM 10828255 ER PT J AU Iverson, AJ Vick, SC Sarnacki, CT Wright, FH AF Iverson, AJ Vick, SC Sarnacki, CT Wright, FH TI Daclizumab in live donor renal transplantation SO TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Urologic-Society-for-Transplantation-and-Vascular-Surgery CY MAY 05, 1999 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Urol Soc Transplantat & Vascular Surg ID ACUTE REJECTION C1 Methodist Specialty & Transplant Hosp, Texas Transplant Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Wright, FH (reprint author), Texas Transplant Inst, 8201 Ewing Halsell, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0041-1345 J9 TRANSPLANT P JI Transplant. Proc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 BP 790 EP 792 DI 10.1016/S0041-1345(00)00984-2 PG 3 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 324DG UT WOS:000087606100050 PM 10856587 ER PT J AU Cintavey, LA Clarson, SJ Husband, DM De Brabander, GN Boyd, JT AF Cintavey, LA Clarson, SJ Husband, DM De Brabander, GN Boyd, JT TI Fabrication and characterization of planar and channel polymer waveguides. II. Poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT) films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole); waveguides; optical loss; polymer thin films ID WAVE-GUIDES AB Solutions of poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT) in methane sulfonic acid (MSA) were prepared and studied. Solutions with concentrations less than 0.04 wt % PBZT were characterized by dilute solution viscometry. Planar PBZT waveguides were spin-coated from a 0.5 wt % PBZT solution onto oxidized silicon wafers. The optical attentuation of the resulting polymer waveguides was measured and found to depend on both the thickness of the oxide layer on the silicon substrate and also the wavelength of the incident light. The lowest optical loss recorded for PBZT in this investigation was 4.81 +/- 1.39 dB/cm at 834 nm. This work thus demonstrates the successful fabrication of PBZT into thin-film planar waveguides. The PBZT films prepared here also show improved optical characteristics over PBZT films prepared previously by either extrusion or spin coating. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1448-1456, 2000. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Clarson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 31 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 9 BP 1448 EP 1456 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 297FG UT WOS:000086070800008 ER PT J AU Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK AF Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK TI Hot working of commercial Ti-6Al-4V with an equiaxed alpha-beta microstructure: materials modeling considerations SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE hot deformation behavior; Ti-6Al-4V; equiaxed alpha-beta microstructure ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR AB The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V with an equiaxed alpha-beta preform microstructure is modeled in the temperature range 750-1100 degrees C and strain rate range 0.0003-100 s(-1), for obtaining processing windows and achieving microstructural control during hot working. For this purpose, a processing map has been developed on the basis of flow stress data as a function of temperature, strain rate and strain. The map exhibited two domains: (i) the domain in the alpha-beta phase field is identified to represent fine-grained superplasticity and the peak efficiency of power dissipation occurred at about 825 degrees C/0.0003 s(-1). At this temperature, the hot ductility exhibited a sharp peak indicating that the superplasticity process is very sensitive to temperature. The alpha grain size increased exponentially with increase in temperature in this domain and the variation is similar to the increase in the beta volume fraction in this alloy. At the temperature of peak ductility, the volume fraction of beta is about 20%, suggesting that sliding of alpha-beta interfaces is primarily responsible for superplasticity while the beta phase present at the grain boundary triple junctions restricts grain growth. The apparent activation energy estimated in the alpha-beta superplasticity domain is about 330 kJ mol(-1), which is much higher than that for self diffusion in a-titanium (ii) In the beta phase field, the alloy exhibits dynamic recrystallization and the variation of grain size with temperature and strain rate could be correlated with the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The apparent activation energy in this domain is estimated to be 210 kJ mol(-1), which is close to that for self diffusion in beta. At temperatures around the transus, a ductility peak with unusually high ductility has been observed, which has been attributed to the occurrence of transient superplasticity of beta in view of its fine grain size. The material exhibited flow instabilities at strain rates higher than about 1 s(-1) and these are manifested as adiabatic shear bands in the alpha-beta regime. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLMR,AFRL,Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frazier, WG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLMR,AFRL,Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 212 Z9 248 U1 13 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 31 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00741-3 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 311VL UT WOS:000086906500021 ER PT J AU Hicks, B AF Hicks, B TI The sources of public mistrust SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hicks, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD MAY 29 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 11 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 317YM UT WOS:000087254700006 ER PT J AU Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B AF Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B TI Prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to anti-retroviral drugs in a cohort of therapy-naive HIV-1 infected US military personnel SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; drug resistance; phenotype; genotype ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TYPE-1; GENE; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; VARIANTS; NEVIRAPINE AB Objective: While transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 has been reported, estimates of prevalence of resistance in drug-naive populations are incomplete. We investigated the prevalence of genotypic mutations and phenotypic antiretroviral resistance in a cohort of HIV-1 infected U.S. military personnel prior to the institution of antiretroviral therapy. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 114 recently HIV-1 infected subjects enrolled in an epidemiological study. Genotypic resistance was determined by consensus sequencing of a PCR product from the HIV-1 pol gene. Sequences were interpreted by a phenotypic-genotypic correlative database. Resistance phenotypes were determined by a recombinant virus cell culture assay. Results: Genotypic mutations and phenotypic resistance were found at a higher than expected frequency. Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was most common, with a prevalence of 15% of 95 subjects by genotype and 26% of 91 subjects by phenotype. Genotypic and phenotypic resistance respectively were found in 4% and 8% of subjects for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and in 10% and 1% for protease inhibitors. One subject harbored virus with resistance to all three drug classes. Conclusions: A substantial frequency of resistance to antiretroviral drugs was identified in a therapy-naive U.S. cohort. In most cases, the genotypic and phenotypic assays yielded similar results, although the genotypic assay could detect some protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations in the absence of phenotypic resistance. These data suggest the need for optimization of treatment guidelines based on current estimates of the prevalence of drug resistance in HIV-1 seroconverters. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 US Mil, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Virco Belgium, Mechelen, Belgium. Virco UK, Cambridge, England. RP Wegner, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Ct Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 29 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 26 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1097/00002030-200005260-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 319UX UT WOS:000087362200013 PM 10853983 ER PT J AU Karna, SP AF Karna, SP TI Electronic and nonlinear optical materials: The role of theory and modeling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOLECULES C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4671 EP 4673 DI 10.1021/jp001296y PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200001 ER PT J AU Pineda, AC Karna, SP AF Pineda, AC Karna, SP TI Effect of hole trapping on the microscopic structure of oxygen vacancy sites in a-SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID DEPOSITED SILICON DIOXIDE; AMORPHOUS SIO2; E' CENTERS; QUARTZ; DEFECT; FILMS AB To develop an improved fundamental understanding of the microscopic effects of hole trapping by oxygen vacancy sites (V-O) in amorphous a-SiO2, we have performed ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations of the structure and energy of model silicon dioxide clusters. Three different precursor clusters were employed in these calculations: (A) a 15-atom cluster without rings; (B) a 39-atom cluster containing four 6-atom (3-membered) rings; and (C) an 87-atom cluster with four 12-atom (6-membered) rings. For clusters A and B, a double-zeta plus polarization (DZP) basis set was used. For cluster C, a minimal (STO-3G) basis set was employed. Our results suggest that the energy of formation, Delta E-f of V-O in the neutral (V-O(0)) and positive (V-O(+1)) charge stares depends on the starting size and geometry of the precursor, Similarly, microscopic structural changes, primarily network relaxation, due to hole trapping by V-O(0) strongly depend on the initial local structure around the vacancy. A neutral vacancy, V-O(0), tends to form a Si-Si dimer bond regardless of the network structure. Similarly, hole trapping at V-O in a relatively rigid network containing 6-atom (3-membered) fused rings results in a small, but symmetric relaxation (i.e., elongation) of the Si-Si bond at the vacancy site. When the network contains more flexible structures, such as 12-atom (6-membered) rings adjacent to V-O and sufficient asymmetry, trapping of a hole causes an asymmetric relaxation of the two adjacent Si atoms, The asymmetric relaxation in our calculation proceeds without a barrier. The value of Delta E-f for V-O(0) and V-O(+1) decreases with the flexibility and asymmetry in the oxide network. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pineda, AC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, 1601 Cent Ave NE,Galles Bldg, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4699 EP 4703 DI 10.1021/jp994160c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200005 ER PT J AU Karna, SP AF Karna, SP TI Nonlinear optical properties of threefold coordinated paramagnetic Si centers: An ab initio time-dependent Hartree-Fock study on SiH3 radical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID CARTESIAN GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS; POLED FUSED-SILICA; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; RELATIVISTIC INTEGRALS; 2ND-ORDER NONLINEARITY; HARMONIC-GENERATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DOPED SILICA; WAVE-GUIDES; GLASS AB Static and dynamic (hyper)polarizabilities of SiH3 radical have been calculated by ab initio time-dependent unrestricted Hartree-Fock method with the use of a double-zeta plus polarization basis set. In order to examine the effect of a Si dangling bond on the polarizabilities, calculations have also been performed on the diamagnetic SiH4 molecule using the same method and the basis set. A comparison of the polarizabilities of the two systems reveals that a dangling bond at the Si atom causes only a minor change in the value of polarizability, alpha. However, a Si-dangling bond in the case of SiH3 distorts the symmetry in the charge distribution in such a way that the dipole moment, mu, and the first-hyperpolarizability coefficient, beta, become nonzero. The calculations also reveal that the contributions of the alpha-spin electrons sind alpha-spin electrons to (hyper)polarizabilities of the SiH3 radical substantially differ from each other. The magnitude of hyperpolarizability coefficient is found to be determined by the contributions from different spins. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 914, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4735 EP 4738 DI 10.1021/jp9941817 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200010 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R TI Triplet excited states of free-base porphin and its ss-octahalogenated derivatives SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SPIN-DENSITY; FORCE-FIELD; PORPHYRINS AB Density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations were carried out to predict the structures, energetics, and triplet-triplet (T-T) spectra for the low-lying tripler states of free-base porphin (PH2) and its beta-octahalogenated derivatives (beta-PH2X8; X = F, Cl, Br). The lowest tripler excited state of PH2 and beta-PH2X8 was found to retain D-2h symmetry with stretched C-beta-C-beta and C-beta-C-m bond distances. For free-base porphin, the singlet-tripler (S-0-T-1) gap obtained with the B3LYP functional was in excellent agreement with the experimental phosphorescence value. Excitation energies computed by time-dependent DFT also provided a fine account of the observed T-T spectrum. beta-Halogenation had little effect on the singlet-tripler gaps of porphin. The S-0-T-1 and S-0-T-2 splittings for beta-PH2X8 were within 0.1 eV of the corresponding splittings in the unsubstituted porphin. All bands in the T-T spectra of beta-PH2X8 were predicted to be significantly (up to 0.65 eV) red-shifted in comparison to corresponding bands of the unsubstituted porphin. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4748 EP 4754 DI 10.1021/jp993807q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200012 ER PT J AU Das, GP Dudis, DS AF Das, GP Dudis, DS TI An ab initio model for solvent effects in organic molecules SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID PARA-NITROANILINE; HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; CONTINUUM; STATES AB An ab initio formulation for calculating solvent effects for organic molecules is presented. The solvent effects are treated in two parts using different models for the solvent. For calculating the reaction field the solvent is modeled as a continuum with the cavity determined ab initio as a surface enclosing the solute molecule, which represents the minima of the interaction potential as a solvent molecule approaches a solute molecule at various angles. The interaction potential is calculated using results of ab initio diatomic calculations on various pairs of atoms with frozen asymptotic charge densities. The reaction field contribution from the solvent is evaluated by using the apparent surface charge model with a dense grid of points on the cavity, For the direct interaction we first construct the first shell of solvent molecules around the solute molecule by bringing the solvent molecules as discrete systems to the cavity surface. The corresponding energy (consisting of both the solvent-solute and solvent-solvent interaction) is minimized with respect to both the location of solvent molecules as well as their orientation. The method is demonstrated by application to the p-nitroaniline in various solvents. The solvated excitation energies are calculated and compared with experiment. We also compute the solvated polarizabilities and second-order transition moments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4767 EP 4771 DI 10.1021/jp993837t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200015 ER PT J AU Kurtz, HA Karna, SP AF Kurtz, HA Karna, SP TI Hydrogen cracking in SiO2: Kinetics for ha dissociation at silicon dangling bonds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID VITREOUS SILICA; GLASSES; CENTERS; SYSTEM; A-SIO2 AB The passivation of silicon dangling bond defects by H-2 is an important reaction in Si/SiO2 devices. The dangling bonds studied in this work are those in the a-SiO2 layers, prototype E' centers. Experimental estimates of the activation energy of this process are 0.3-0.4 eV, but theoretical calculations give energy barriers that are much larger, around 0.7-0.8 eV. It was suggested that the lack of tunneling in the energy barrier calculations is responsible for the overestimation. This paper is a systematic examination of this reaction, which includes tunneling corrections using the direct dynamics variational transition state theory. The inclusion of this effect is shown to provide an Arrhenius activation energy in good accord with the experimental values. C1 Memphis State Univ, Dept Chem, CROMIUM, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kurtz, HA (reprint author), Memphis State Univ, Dept Chem, CROMIUM, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4780 EP 4784 DI 10.1021/jp993804d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200017 ER PT J AU Ferreira, AM Kurtz, HA Karna, SP AF Ferreira, AM Kurtz, HA Karna, SP TI Structure and nonlinear optical properties of cationic defects in amorphous silicon dioxide. 1. Cluster studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; POLED FUSED-SILICA; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; BASIS-SETS; 2ND-ORDER NONLINEARITY; DOPED SILICA; GLASS; BERYLLIUM; CENTERS AB We present the first systematic ab initio study of cationic defects in a-SiO2. Cluster models are employed to show that the presence of cationic defects (H+, Li+, Be2+, Na+, and Mg2+) can have large effects on both the structure and (hyper)polarizabilities of the material. The interaction of the proton with the cluster model demonstrates that it is unique compared to the other group IA and IIA cations in the study. C1 Memphis State Univ, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Memphis State Univ, Computat Res Mat Inst, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ferreira, AM (reprint author), Memphis State Univ, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RI Ferreira, Antonio/I-4423-2013 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4796 EP 4800 DI 10.1021/jp993802t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200019 ER PT J AU Korambath, PP Karna, SP AF Korambath, PP Karna, SP TI (Hyper)polarizabilities of GaN, GaP, and GaAs clusters: An ab initio time-dependent Hartree-Fock study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID OPTICAL 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; POLARIZABILITIES; NONLINEARITIES; FORMULATION AB The (hyper)polarizabilities of GaN, GaP, and GaAs clusters have been calculated using an ab initio time-dependent Hartree-Fock method and an even-tempered Gaussian basis set. The geometries of the clusters used in the study were optimized by ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations using the same basis set, The clusters used in this calculation are of the type GamXn (m = 1, 3, 4 and n = 1, 3, 4) where X = N, P, or As. The Ga,X, clusters are in a charge neutral (q = 0) state for m = n and in an appropriately charged state for m not equal n. All of the clusters studied are stable in a nearly tetrahedral geometry. The magnitude of the calculated (hyper)polarizabilities appears to depend on the size of the cluster. The cluster-size dependence of calculated (hyper)polarizabilities is more pronounced for the first hyperpolarizability, beta, than for the polarizability, alpha. The calculated frequency-dependent polarizability, alpha(omega), exhibits a small but finite dispersion with the frequency of the optical field. The magnitude of the calculated beta(-omega(0);omega(1),omega(2)) corresponding to various second-order effects shows the expected trend of beta(-2 omega;omega,omega) > beta(-omega;0,omega) > beta(0;0,0). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Korambath, PP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 914, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 22 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4801 EP 4804 DI 10.1021/jp9940811 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200020 ER PT J AU He, GS Swiatkiewicz, J Jiang, Y Prasad, PN Reinhardt, BA Tan, LS Kannan, R AF He, GS Swiatkiewicz, J Jiang, Y Prasad, PN Reinhardt, BA Tan, LS Kannan, R TI Two-photon excitation and optical spatial-profile reshaping via a nonlinear absorbing medium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Materials - Theory and Modeling held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; STABILIZATION; DESIGN; MICROSCOPY; DEVICES; STORAGE; MEMORY AB Two-photon processes have recently received considerable attention, as they offer opportunities for both fundamental research and technological applications. In this paper, we illustrate both of these opportunities by reporting on a study of two-photon properties and discussing one specific application of a new chromophore, tris[4-(7-benzothiazol-2-yl-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)phenyl] amine (AF-350). This new compound exhibits a large two-photon absorptive cross section and, more importantly from the application point of view, a high photochemical/photothermal stability. The nonlinear optical properties of an AF-350 solution were studied with similar to 800-nm laser pulses in both nanosecond and femtosecond regimes. The two-photon excited fluorescence spectrum and temporal behavior were compared with the corresponding results obtained for one-photon excitation. There is an similar to 11-ps delay between an ultrashort pump pulse and the first peak of the two-photon induced fluorescence signal, whereas no delay was measured between the pump pulse and the first peak of the one-photon induced fluorescence. The measured effective two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section is sigma(2) = (151 +/- 23) x 10(-20) cm(4)/GW for 7-ns, 810-nm laser pulses and sigma(2) = (0.61 +/- 0.02) x 10-20 cm(4)/GW for 135-fs, 796-nm laser pulses. One specific application reported here is the spatial-profile reshaping and smoothing of a focused laser field. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Photon Res Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Photon Res Lab, Acheson Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 34 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 20 BP 4805 EP 4810 DI 10.1021/jp000370+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 317KH UT WOS:000087224200021 ER PT J AU Sato, PA Ryan, M Gray, GC Hoffman, KJ Costello, CN Wassermann, GM Rubertone, MV Stanek, SA Grabenstein, JD Riddle, JR Trump, D AF Sato, PA Ryan, M Gray, GC Hoffman, KJ Costello, CN Wassermann, GM Rubertone, MV Stanek, SA Grabenstein, JD Riddle, JR Trump, D TI Surveillance for adverse events associated with Anthrax vaccination - US Department of Defense, 1998-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 341-345, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Anthrax Vaccine Immunizat Program Agcy, Off Army Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. US Dept Def, Off Assistant Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP Sato, PA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 24 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 20 BP 2648 EP 2649 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314FP UT WOS:000087046000013 ER PT J AU Xie, QH Brown, JL Jones, RL Van Nostrand, JE Leedy, KD AF Xie, QH Brown, JL Jones, RL Van Nostrand, JE Leedy, KD TI Growth of vertically self-organized InGaAs quantum dots with narrow inhomogeneous broadening SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1.3 MU-M; INAS ISLANDS; GAAS; GAAS(100); SIZE; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; BOXES AB We have fabricated vertically self-organized multiple sets of In0.6Ga0.4As quantum dots (QDs) on GaAs (001) that combines the concepts of variable amount deposition and shape stabilization and size equalization of QDs. The inhomogeneous broadening of optical emission from these dots reached a record low value of 18.4 meV at a wavelength of similar to 1185 nm (4 K). The seed layer and the second dot layer have essentially the same dot density of similar to 250 mu m(-2) due to the high degree of dot vertical alignment. The deposition amount for the second dot layer was selected to be 9 monolayers, which resulted in dots with convergent lateral size (similar to 62 nm) and stabilized facets, close to {011}. The third layer, with the same amount of InGaAs as the second layer, had a dot density of similar to 350 mu m(-2), an average lateral dot size of similar to 71 nm, an average dot height of similar to 11 nm, and shallower side facets close to {023}. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)05521-2]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 21 BP 3082 EP 3084 DI 10.1063/1.126586 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QF UT WOS:000087066500036 ER PT J AU Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB AF Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB TI The role of interface states in hydrogen-annealing-induced mobile proton generation at the Si-SiO2 interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIO2 THIN-FILMS; KINETICS; SILICON AB It is demonstrated that a 450 degrees C anneal in hydrogen, known to passivate traps at the Si-SiO2 interface, can impede the generation of mobile protons during a subsequent hydrogen anneal at 600 degrees C. We further present a detailed reaction and diffusion model for the mobile proton buildup in the buried oxide of Si-SiO2-Si capacitors during a hydrogen anneal at 600 degrees C. In this model, unpassivated interface traps, located at and near the physical edges of the capacitor area, play a key role during the initial stages of the proton generation process. The mobile protons are generated near these edges and diffuse laterally along the Si-SiO2 interface. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03821-3]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. France Telecom, CNET, Meylan, France. RP Vanheusden, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 21 BP 3109 EP 3111 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)03821-3] DI 10.1063/1.126539 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QF UT WOS:000087066500045 ER PT J AU Wood, MA Montgomery, MM Simpson, JC AF Wood, MA Montgomery, MM Simpson, JC TI Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of apsidal and nodal superhumps SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; novae, cataclysmic variables ID DRIVEN ECCENTRIC INSTABILITIES; AM CANUM-VENATICORUM; CATACLYSMIC BINARIES; ACCRETION DISKS; DISCS; VARIABLES; STARS AB In recent years, a handful of systems have been observed to show "negative" (nodal) superhumps, with periods slightly shorter than the orbital period. It has been suggested that these modes are a consequence of the slow retrograde precession of the line of nodes in a disk tilted with respect to the orbital plane. Our simulations confirm and refine this model: they suggest a roughly axisymmetric, retrogradely precessing, tilted disk that is driven at a period slightly less than half the orbital period as the tidal field of the orbiting secondary encounters, in turn, the two halves of the disk above and below the midplane. Each of these passings leads to viscous dissipation on one face of an optically thick disk - observers on opposite sides of the disk would each observe one brightening per orbit, but 180 degrees out of phase with each other. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida Inst Technol, SARA Observ, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Comp Sci Raytheon, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Wood, MA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. OI Wood, Matthew/0000-0003-0372-9553 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2000 VL 535 IS 1 BP L39 EP L42 DI 10.1086/312687 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 325EA UT WOS:000087662300010 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Pachter, R TI Photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer of free-base porphin SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; FORCE-FIELD; BASIS-SETS; PORPHYRIN; TAUTOMERISM; MIGRATION; EXCHANGE; STATE AB We present results of a theoretical study on the photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer reaction in free-base porphin. Electronic structure calculations using density functional theory (DFT) with Becke's three-parameter hybrid functional are carried out to predict the structures and energetics for the low-lying triplet states of free-base porphin isomers. Transtion state searches were also carried out to locate the structures and barriers of the cis-trans and trans-trans transition states. Our results support the proposal that the trans-trans hydrogen transfer occurs on the tripler potential energy surface (PES) in a stepwise fashion through a cis isomer. After being excited from the ground state, the molecule is predicted to move into the trans T-2(B-3(1u)) State on the triplet PES and undergoes trans-cis isomerization, The cis-trans isomerization reaction is predicted to occur primarly on the (3)A' PES and produces the lowest triplet trans T-1(B-3(2u)). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 18 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 19 BP 4549 EP 4552 DI 10.1021/jp993910f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 313MJ UT WOS:000087003200026 ER PT J AU Sun, YP Guduru, R Lawson, GE Mullins, JE Guo, ZX Quinlan, J Bunker, CE Gord, JR AF Sun, YP Guduru, R Lawson, GE Mullins, JE Guo, ZX Quinlan, J Bunker, CE Gord, JR TI Photophysical and electron-transfer properties of mono- and multiple-functionalized fullerene derivatives SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; OPTICAL LIMITING PROPERTIES; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; C-60 DERIVATIVES; SOLVENT POLARITY; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; STATE PROPERTIES; TRIPLET-STATE; <60>FULLERENE; METHANOFULLERENE AB Mono- and multiple-functionalized C(60) derivatives were synthesized and studied for their photophysical properties. Electronic absorption spectra and absorptivities of the C(60) derivatives in solution were measured and compared. By recording the fluorescence spectra using a near-infrared-sensitive emission spectrometer, we quantitatively determined fluorescence quantum yields of the C(60) derivatives. For the mono-functionalized CBD derivatives, the compound with a [5,6]-open fulleroid addition pattern on the fullerene cage appeared to be considerably less fluorescent than those with a [6,6]-closed cage addition pattern. Despite the disturbance of the electronic structure via multiple additions to the fullerene cage, the multiple-functionalized C(60) derivatives exhibited no dramatic changes in fluorescence quantum yields in comparison with the mono-functionalized C(60) derivatives. The fluorescence lifetimes of the C(60) derivatives, obtained using the time-correlated single photon-counting technique, were all in the range of 1-3 ns. In addition, the dependencies of the fluorescence intensities and lifetimes of the C(60) derivatives on the concentration of the quencher N,N-diethylaniline (DEA) were evaluated. Apparently, upon photoexcitation, even the C(60) derivatives with a hexa-functionalized fullerene cage underwent significant electron-transfer interactions with the electron donor DEA, resulting in efficient fluorescence quenching. In a polar solvent, the contribution of static quenching also became important, The results for different derivatives and their molecular structural and mechanistic significance are discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 58 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 18 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 19 BP 4625 EP 4632 DI 10.1021/jp0000329 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 313MP UT WOS:000087003700007 ER PT J AU Stapleton, RD Sayler, GS Boggs, JM Libelo, EL Stauffer, T Macintyre, WG AF Stapleton, RD Sayler, GS Boggs, JM Libelo, EL Stauffer, T Macintyre, WG TI Changes in subsurface catabolic gene frequencies during natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; FUEL SPILLS; IN-SITU; SOIL; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Subsurface hydrocarbon contamination associated with petroleum spills is a widespread occurrence that presents a significant threat to groundwater resources. The natural attenuation test site (NATS) at Columbus Air Force Base, MS, provided a unique opportunity to monitor changes in the molecular microbial ecology as well as stimulation of natural biodegradative processes under transient field study conditions. A large, synthetic jet fuel mixture containing BTEX compounds and naphthalene in a decane carrier was introduced into the subsurface. Over 462 days, a plume of hydrocarbon contamination developed and stabilized at a distance of less than 15 m downgradient from the source area. Exposure of indigenous microorganisms to the contaminant hydrocarbons was evaluated using an array of gene probes targeting common genotypes associated with the aerobic biodegradation of BTEX and naphthalene. Each of the targeted genotypes alkB, nahA, nahH, todC1C2, and xylA showed significant responses to hydrocarbon exposure. Aerobic mineralization potentials of selected contaminants were greater in sediments collected from within the plume relative to uncontaminated areas, suggesting that an aerobic contaminant-degrading community successfully developed within the plume. An increase in aerobic degradation activity coincided with the arrival of the hydrocarbon front within the well field. The Natural Attenuation Study at Columbus AFB successfully linked adaptations of indigenous microorganisms to hydrocarbon exposure during a transient field study. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, TVA Engn Lab, Norris, TN 37828 USA. USAF, Armstrong Lab, AL, EQC, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Sch Med, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Sayler, GS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sayler@utk.edu NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1991 EP 1999 DI 10.1021/es990827x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314RT UT WOS:000087071900018 ER PT J AU Thompson, BJ Cliver, EW Nitta, N Delannee, C Delaboudiniere, JP AF Thompson, BJ Cliver, EW Nitta, N Delannee, C Delaboudiniere, JP TI Coronal dimmings and energetic CMEs in April-May 1998 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASS EJECTION; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; EIT AB We have analyzed the coronal dimmings for seven fast (> 600 km/s) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) occurring between 23 April and 9 May which were associated with flares from NOAA active region (AR) 8210. Each of these CMEs had at least one group of interplanetary radio bursts associated with them. These dimming regions were identified by their strong depletion in coronal EUV emission within a half hour of the estimated time of CME lift-off. They included areas which were as dark as quiescent coronal holes as well as other regions with weaker brightness depletions. While the location of the active region and the associated flare did not correspond well with the coronagraph observations, we found that the extended dimming areas in these events generally mapped out the apparent "footprint" of the CME as observed by white-light coronagraph. We briefly discuss the implications of these results on models of CME topology. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. RP Thompson, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 18 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1431 EP 1434 DI 10.1029/1999GL003668 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 314NK UT WOS:000087062000002 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC Thompson, BJ Cyr, OCS Gopalswamy, N Kahler, S Kaiser, M Lara, A Ciaravella, A Romoli, M O'Neal, R AF Raymond, JC Thompson, BJ Cyr, OCS Gopalswamy, N Kahler, S Kaiser, M Lara, A Ciaravella, A Romoli, M O'Neal, R TI SOHO and radio observations of a CME shock wave SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A 1200 km s(-1) Coronal Mass Ejection was observed with the SOHO instruments EIT, LASCO and UVCS on June 11, 1998. Simultaneously, Type II radio bursts were observed with the WAVES experiment aboard the Wind spacecraft at 4 MHz and by groundbased instruments at metric wavelengths. The density in the shock wave implied by the higher frequency is close to that inferred from the SOHO/UVCS experiment. The drift rates of the Type II radio bursts suggest shock speeds lower than the speed derived from SOHO observations. The SOHO/UVCS spectrum shows enhanced emission in lines of O5+ and Si11+, consistent with modest compression in an MHD shock. C1 Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Solar Phys & Space Weather, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Osserv Palermo, Palermo, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; OI Lara, Alejandro/0000-0001-6336-5291 NR 15 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1439 EP 1442 DI 10.1029/1999GL003669 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 314NK UT WOS:000087062000004 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Shen, A Liu, HC Brown, GJ Wasilewski, ZR Buchanan, M AF Szmulowicz, F Shen, A Liu, HC Brown, GJ Wasilewski, ZR Buchanan, M TI Temperature dependence of photoresponse in p-type GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum wells: Theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM INFRARED-ABSORPTION; PHOTODETECTORS AB Bound-to-continuum (BC) absorption and photoresponse in p-type quantum well infrared photodetectors are investigated theoretically and experimentally as a function of polarization and temperature. Using the 8 x 8 envelope-function approximation model, the quantum well electronic structure and wave functions are calculated and then the BC absorption curves are obtained on an absolute scale as a function of photon energy, light polarization, and temperature. Since optimum absorption obtains for structures with the second light-hole (LH2) state at the top of the well, a nonoptimized long-wavelength infrared structure and an optimized mid-wavelength infrared structure were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and their characteristics measured to test the theory. Whereas the optimized sample has the LH2 resonance at the top of the well, the nonoprimized sample has light-hole quasibound states within the heavy-hole continuum. This different placement of the light-hole slates produces a different temperature and polarization dependence of the absorption process in these samples. Our temperature-dependent photoresponse measurements corroborate most of the theoretical findings with respect to the long-wavelength threshold, shape, and polarization and temperature dependence of the spectra. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 20 BP 13798 EP 13804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.13798 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 318LF UT WOS:000087284900066 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Delo, DP Shell, EB AF Semiatin, SL Delo, DP Shell, EB TI The effect of material properties and tooling design on deformation and fracture during equal channel angular extrusion SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE equal channel angular extrusion; cold working; hot working; computer simulation; mechanical properties (plastic) ID WORKABILITY; TITANIUM AB The effects of material constitutive behavior, tooling design, and friction conditions on metal flow, stress fields, and the tendency for tensile fracture during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) were established using a finite element modeling (FEM) technique. Three different material behaviors, typical of those encountered during cold and hot working, were investigated; these comprised (i) strain hardening, (ii) rigid, perfectly plastic, and (iii) flow softening types of behavior. The tooling geometries consisted of a so-called "simple" design with no moving channel members and a "complex" design with a sliding bottom floor. The FEM results indicated that the most uniform flow was obtained during ECAE of a strain-hardening material having a low strain-rate sensitivity in tooling with a sharp inner corner ("front leg") radius. The ECAE of materials with other constitutive behaviors or in tooling with a radiused front leg showed some degree of flow nonuniformity, even away from the head and tail of the extrusion. Tooling design and material properties were also predicted to have an important influence on the tensile stresses and hence tensile damage developed during ECAE. The FEM results were validated using visioplasticity and fracture observations for AISI 4340 steel and a near-gamma titanium aluminide alloy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 17 TC 186 Z9 205 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1841 EP 1851 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00019-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315CA UT WOS:000087094000018 ER PT J AU Missey, MJ Russell, S Dominic, V Batchko, RG Schepler, KL AF Missey, MJ Russell, S Dominic, V Batchko, RG Schepler, KL TI Real-time visualization of domain formation in periodically poled lithium niobate SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; BLUE-LIGHT; LINBO3; CONVERSION C1 Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Stanford Univ, Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Missey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 8 PY 2000 VL 6 IS 10 BP 186 EP 195 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 312FN UT WOS:000086932700001 PM 19404350 ER PT J AU Quick, JC Gavin, JH Cooper, CL Quick, JD AF Quick, JC Gavin, JH Cooper, CL Quick, JD TI Executive health: Building strength, managing risks SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; TURNOVER; WEALTH; TEAM; KEY AB CEOs and senior executives can have a positive impact on their firms, creating value and thus contributing to the wealth of their nations. Therefore, safeguarding executives' health is of concern to all stakeholders in the organization. We present an executive health model and define executive health as physical, psychological, spiritual, and ethical well-being. There is a collective interest in enhancing and maintaining the health of executives as key organizational leaders. This special issue on Executive Health includes articles, book reviews, research briefs, a Country Close-Up, and an Executive Voice interview addressing strength factors that enhance executive health and health risk factors that concern executives' vulnerabilities. The four health risk factors for executives examined in this article are the Achilles Heel, loneliness of command, work demands and overload, and crises and failures. By building on strengths and managing health risks, executives may enhance their own health and the health of their organizations. C1 Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. San Antonio Air Logist Ctr, Kelly AFB, TX USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. World Hlth Org, Essential Drugs & Med Policy, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Quick, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 0896-3789 J9 ACAD MANAGE EXEC JI Acad. Manage. Exec. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 34 EP 44 PG 11 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 325YN UT WOS:000087705000008 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Morrison, WB Miller, MD AF Sanders, TG Morrison, WB Miller, MD TI Imaging techniques for the evaluation of glenohumeral instability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE ENTRAPMENT; CONTRAST SHOULDER ARTHROGRAPHY; QUADRILATERAL SPACE SYNDROME; LABRAL-LIGAMENTOUS COMPLEX; ROTATOR CUFF TEARS; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; GLENOID LABRUM; ARTHROSCOPIC CORRELATION; SLAP LESIONS; CAPSULAR MECHANISM AB The ability to image lesions associated with glenohumeral instability has evolved significantly over the past 2 decades. In the past, several imaging techniques ranging from conventional radiography to computerized axial arthrography and, most recently, to magnetic resonance imaging have been used to depict various labral abnormalities. In most instances, conventional radiography remains the initial imaging study for evaluating the patient with persistent shoulder pain and instability. Recently, however, magnetic resonance arthrography has been firmly established as the imaging modality of choice for demonstrating specific soft tissue abnormalities associated with glenohumeral instability. This article will review the role of various imaging modalities including conventional radiography, conventional arthrography, computerized axial arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance arthrography, Emphasis will be placed on the role of magnetic resonance arthrography as it pertains to the lesions associated with glenohumeral instability. A thorough discussion of the appearance of normal anatomic structures, anatomic variations that mimic abnormality, and the various lesions associated with glenohumeral instability will be provided. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 116 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 414 EP 434 PG 21 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 318FJ UT WOS:000087273000024 PM 10843139 ER PT J AU Nishino, SF Paoli, GC Spain, JC AF Nishino, SF Paoli, GC Spain, JC TI Aerobic degradation of dinitrotoluenes and pathway for bacterial degradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA F1; SP STRAIN DNT; TOLUENE DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; 4-METHYL-5-NITROCATECHOL; 2,4-DINITROPHENOL; MINERALIZATION; NITROPHENOL; SEQUENCE AB An oxidative pathway for the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) by Burkholderia sp, strain DNT has been reported previously. We report here the isolation of additional strains with the ability to mineralize 2,4-DNT by the same pathway and the isolation and characterization of bacterial strains that mineralize 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) by a different pathway. Burkholderia cepacia strain JS850 and Hydrogenophaga palleronii strain JS863 grew on 2,6-DNT as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The initial steps in the pathway for degradation of 2,6-DNT were determined by simultaneous induction, enzyme assays, and identification of metabolites through mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, 2,6-DNT was converted to 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol by a dioxygenation reaction accompanied by the release of nitrite, 3-Methyl-4-nitrocatechol was the substrate for extradiol ring cleavage yielding 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoic acid, which was converted to 2-hydroxy-5-nitropenta-2,4-dienoic acid. 2,4-DNT-degrading strains also converted 2,6-DNT to 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol but did not metabolize the 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol. Although 2,6-DNT prevented the degradation of 2,4-DNT by 2,4-DNT-degrading strains, the effect was not the result of inhibition of 2,4-DNT dioxygenase by 2,6-DNT or of 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol monooxygenase by 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol. C1 AFRL, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), AFRL, MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr,Ste 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jim.spain@tyndall.af.mil NR 30 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 66 IS 5 BP 2139 EP 2147 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.5.2139-2147.2000 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 310BC UT WOS:000086805500056 PM 10788393 ER PT J AU Lynov, JP Bergeron, K Coutsias, EA Nielsen, AH AF Lynov, JP Bergeron, K Coutsias, EA Nielsen, AH TI An accurate and efficient spectral method for studies of the dynamical properties of forced, circular shear layers SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Spectral and High Order Methods (ICOSAHOM 98) CY JUN, 1998 CL HERZLIYYA, ISRAEL SP Tel Aviv Univ, Rectors Off, Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fdn Computat Math DE numerical simulation; spectral methods; asymptotic analysis; rotating fluids; vortex dynamics AB We present an efficient spectral method for studies of fundamental vortex dynamics in forced, circular shear flows. The numerical results are compared with results from experiments carried out in rotating flows with both planar and parabolic geometries, Due to the high accuracy of the code, it can be determined whether a two-dimensional model is sufficient to describe the experimental results. (C) 2000 IMACS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Opt & Fluid Dynam Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Lynov, JP (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Opt & Fluid Dynam Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RI Nielsen, Anders/A-3973-2012 OI Nielsen, Anders/0000-0003-3642-3905 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1-4 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0168-9274(99)00081-1 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 304EL UT WOS:000086469900016 ER PT J AU Ercoline, WR Devilbiss, CA Yauch, DW Brown, DL AF Ercoline, WR Devilbiss, CA Yauch, DW Brown, DL TI Post-roll effects on attitude perception: "The Gillingham Illusion" SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spatial disorientation; vestibular illusion; spatial awareness; situational awareness; post-roll illusion; Gillingham Illusion AB Background: Several aircraft each year are lost because of an unexplained collision with the ground. The attitude of most of these aircraft prior to impact was nose-low and with excessive bank, i.e., greater than 90 degrees . Prior to these accidents, each aircraft was noted as either changing heading or making an abrupt roll. Hypothesis: Could there be some underlying tendency for the pilot to make unnoticed stick inputs after completing a roll from one bank angle to another? Methods: Since ground-based flight simulators can not create the true sensation of rolling an aircraft from one side to the other, the instrumented CALSPAN NT-33 aircraft was used for this study. Six pilots were given a series of three roll rates and two head positions while the aircraft automatically changed bank from 45 degrees of bank in one direction to 45 degrees of bank in the opposite direction. The subject's view of the external visual scene was restricted with a blue-amber vision restricting transparency combination. All attitude-indicating instruments were blanked, requiring the subjects to make stick inputs based on their vestibular (somatosensory) feedback. Results: Subjects experienced a consistent tendency to increase bank angle after given control of the aircraft immediately following the roll maneuver, while thinking they were maintaining a constant bank angle. In some cases, the pilots rolled the aircraft completely inverted. Conclusion: When pilots rely on their perception of bank, following a roll, they will inadvertently increase their bank in the direction of the previous roll. C1 TASC, AF Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. 8th Fighter Squadron, Holloman AFB, NM USA. RP Ercoline, WR (reprint author), TASC, AF Res Lab, 8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 489 EP 495 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 308WK UT WOS:000086735700005 PM 10801002 ER PT J AU Morrissette, KL McGowan, DG AF Morrissette, KL McGowan, DG TI Further support for the concept of a G-LOC syndrome: A survey of military high-performance aviate SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acceleration; loss of consciousness; aviation; neurophysiology ID CONSCIOUSNESS AB Methods: Some 329 military high-performance pilots were anonymously surveyed to determine the occurrence rates for a symptom complex of acceleration-induced neurologic manifestations. The premise for this symptom complex is the theory that acceleration-induced neurologic effects are not always an all-or-none phenomenon with G-LOC as the operational endpoint. Results: A significant number of aircrew in selected types of aircraft reported symptoms such as euphoria, apathy, displacement, depersonalization, poor response to auditory stimuli, immediate memory difficulties, sensory abnormalities, motor abnormalities, confusion, and dream-like state without loss of consciousness. Conclusion: These findings may signal a need for alterations in G-awareness training. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Morrissette, KL (reprint author), SGPF, ADOS 314, 1090 Arnold Dr, Little Rock AFB, AR 72099 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 496 EP 500 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 308WK UT WOS:000086735700006 PM 10801003 ER PT J AU Self, BP Balldin, UI Shaffstall, RM Morgan, TR AF Self, BP Balldin, UI Shaffstall, RM Morgan, TR TI Pressurized sleeves and gloves for protection against acceleration-induced arm pain SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acceleration; C-induced; arm pain; protection; pressurized; sleeves; gloves AB Background: Acceleration (or G) induced arm pain may develop in centrifuge runs and in flight with low arm position and assisted pressure breathing during G (PBG) in combination with an extended coverage anti-G suit. To decrease this arm pain, pressurized sleeves and gloves were developed. Methods: Eight subjects who earlier exhibited G-induced arm pain were tested on the centrifuge. The G-exposures consisted of a gradual onset run up to a maximum of +9 Gz, rapid onset runs to +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, and +9 Gz and a simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) with peaks up to +9 Cr. On separate days, the subjects were tested without the sleeves and gloves, and with the sleeves and gloves pressurized to a maximum of 40, 60, or 80 mmHg at +9 Gz. The subjects reported their left and right arm pain on a subjective rating scale. Results: G-induced arm pain, usually starting above +6 Gz, was often the reason for termination of the G-exposure without the pressurized sleeves and gloves. The pressurized sleeves and gloves significantly (p < 0.001) decreased arm pain, but no significant difference was found among the different pressures used. Heart rate was not different with and without the pressurized sleeves and gloves. Conclusions: The pressurized sleeves and gloves are an effective method to alleviate and sometimes eliminate G-induced arm pain. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Self, BP (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFEM, HQ USAFA, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 501 EP 505 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 308WK UT WOS:000086735700007 PM 10801004 ER PT J AU Burton, RR AF Burton, RR TI Mathematical models for predicting G-level tolerances SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE G-level tolerance models; acceleration tolerance; C-protection; human tolerance; environmental accommodation ID QIGONG MANEUVER; G-SUITS; ACCELERATION; PROTECTION AB The mathematical models developed in this article predict the following human G-level tolerances: 1) rapid onset relaxed (ROR); 2) gradual onset relaxed (GOR); and, 3) straining-rapid onset. Included in the model are specific functions of: 1) anti-C suit; 2) positive pressure breathing (PBG); 3) baroreceptor reflex; 4) handgrip reflex; 5) anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM) increasing intrathoracic pressures (Pi); 6) leg elevation; and, 7) reclining seatback angles less than or equal to 55 degrees. These functions are based on sound physiologic principles. Also discussed in the development of this model, but not included in the models, were: 1) isometric muscle contraction reflex; 2) Qigong (Q-G) maneuver; and, 3) straining GOR tolerances. The straining COR tolerance profile was calculated to be a measure of C-duration tolerance and not G-level tolerance. A maximum Pi of 125 mm Hg from the AGSM was used in these models that could be augmented with PBC to 185 mm Hg. G-level tolerance predictions using this model were Validated with published data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Burton, RR (reprint author), 128 Shalimar Dr, San Antonio, TX 78213 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 506 EP 513 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 308WK UT WOS:000086735700008 PM 10801005 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Mathur, SP Doyle, J Stuck, BE Kiel, JL Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Mathur, SP Doyle, J Stuck, BE Kiel, JL Murphy, MR TI Comparative effects of extremely high power microwave pulses and a brief CW irradiation on pacemaker function in isolated frog heart slices SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE high power microwave pulses; specific effects; frog heart rhythm; beating rate ID INDUCED CATARACT; RATS; INVITRO AB The existence of specific bioeffects due to high peak power microwaves and their potential health hazards are among the most debated but least explored problems in microwave biology. The present study attempted to reveal such effects by comparing the bioeffects of short trains of extremely high power microwave pulses (EHPP, 1 mu s width, 250-350 kW/g, 9.2 GHz) with those of relatively low power pulses (LPP, 0.5-10 s width, 3-30 W/g, 9.2 GHz). EHPP train duration and average power were made equal to those of an LPP; therefore both exposure modalities produced the same temperature rise. Bioeffects were studied in isolated, spontaneously bearing slices of the frog heart. In most cases, a single EHPP train or LPP immediately decreased the inter-beat interval (IBI). The effect was proportional to microwave heating, fully reversible, and easily reproducible. The magnitude and time course of EHPP- acid LPP-induced changes always were the same. No delayed or irreversible effects of irradiation were observed. The same effect could be repeated in a single preparation numerous times with no signs of adaptation, sensitization, lasting functional alteration, or damage. A qualitatively different effect, namely, a temporary arrest of preparation beats, could be observed when microwave heating exceeded physiologically tolerable limits. This effect also did not depend on whether the critical temperature rise was produced by LPP or EHPP exposure. Within the studied limits, we found no indications of EHPP-specific bioeffects. EHPP- and LPP-induced changes in the pacemaker rhythm of isolated frog heart preparation were identical and could be entirely attributed to microwave heating. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), McKesson BioServ, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(200005)21:4<245::AID-BEM1>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 309LG UT WOS:000086768900001 PM 10797453 ER PT J AU Belfield, KD Schafer, KJ Alexander, MD AF Belfield, KD Schafer, KJ Alexander, MD TI Synthesis and characterization of a perylene-based luminescent organic glass SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DYES; DESIGN C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Belfield, KD (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, POB 162366, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Belfield, Kevin/D-4765-2009 OI Belfield, Kevin/0000-0002-7339-2813 NR 14 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1186 DI 10.1021/cm000045z PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 315WW UT WOS:000087136800002 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Gifford, E Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Gifford, E Pachter, R TI Improved QSARs for predictive toxicology of halogenated hydrocarbons SO COMPUTERS & CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Computers in Chemistry/Workshop on New Trends in Computational Methods for Large Molecular Systems CY JUL 01-06, 1999 CL SZKLARSKA, POLAND SP Polish Amer Sklodowsha Curie Foundation DE QSAR; toxicology; halogenated hydrocarbons; quantum descriptors ID ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDUCTION AB In our continuing efforts to provide a predictive toxicology capability, we seek to improve QSARs (quantitative structure-activity relationships) for chemicals of interest. Currently, although semi-empirical molecular orbital methods are hardly the state of the art for studying small molecules, AMI calculations appear to be the method of choice when calculating quantum-chemical descriptors. However, with the advent of modern computational capabilities and the development of fast algorithms, ab initio molecular orbital and first principles density functional methods can be expeditiously applied in current QSAR studies. We present a study on halogenated alkanes to assess whether more accurate quantum methods result in QSARs that correlate better with experimental data. Furthermore, improved QSARs can also be obtained through development of new descriptors with explicit physical interpretations that should lead to better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the toxic response. We show that descriptors calculated from chemical intermediates may be useful in future QSARs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Management Concepts, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), Tech Management Concepts, POB 340345, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0097-8485 J9 COMPUT CHEM JI Comput. Chem. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0097-8485(99)00093-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 311EG UT WOS:000086871300020 PM 10816012 ER PT J AU Jiao, D Jin, JM Shang, JS AF Jiao, D Jin, JM Shang, JS TI Characteristic-based finite-volume time-domain method for scattering by coated objects SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC-BASED ALGORITHMS; MAXWELL EQUATIONS AB The characteristic-based finite-volume time-domain method is applied to analyze the scattering from conducting objects coated with lossy dielectric materials. Based on the characteristic-based finite-volume scheme, two numerical strategies are developed to model the electromagnetic propagation across different dielectric media. One introduces a connecting boundary to separate the total-field region from the scattered-field region. The other employs the scattered field formulation throughout the computational domain. These two strategies are verified by numerical experiments to be basically equivalent A numerical procedure compatible with the finite-volume scheme is developed to guarantee the continuity of the tangential electric and magnetic fields at the dielectric interface. Rigorous boundary conditions for all the field components are formulated on the surface of the perfect electric conducting (PEC) objects. The numerical accuracy of the proposed technique has been validated by comparison with theoretical results. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jin, JM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0272-6343 J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 318DX UT WOS:000087269600006 ER PT J AU Fisher, JW AF Fisher, JW TI Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for trichloroethylene and its oxidative metabolites SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chloral hydrate; dichloroacetic acid; human; metabolism; PBPK models; pharmacokinetics; rodents; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroethanol; trichloroethylene ID MULTIROUTE EXPOSURE MODEL; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; CHLORAL HYDRATE; INHALED TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; RISK ASSESSMENT; B6C3F1 MICE; CANCER RISK; RATS AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) pharmacokinetics have been studied in experimental animals and humans for over 30 years. Compartmental and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been developed for the uptake, distribution, and metabolism of TCE and the production,,distribution, metabolism, and elimination of P450-mediated metabolites of TCE. ICE is readily taken up into systemic circulation by oral and inhalation routes of exposure and is rapidly metabolized by the hepatic P450 system and to a much lesser degree, by direct conjugation with glutathione. Recent PBPK models for TCE and its metabolites have focused on the major metabolic pathway for metabolism of TCE (P450-mediated metabolic pathway), This article briefly reviews selected published compartmental and PBPK models for TCE. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is considered a principle metabolite responsible for ICE-induced liver cancer in mice. Liver cancer in mice was considered a critical effect by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for deriving the current maximum contaminant level for TCE in water. In the literature both whole blood and plasma measurements of TCA are reported in mice and humans. To reduce confusion about disparately measured and model-predicted levels of TCA in plasma and whole blood, model-predicted outcomes are compared for first-generation (plasma) and second-generation (whole blood) PBPK models published by Fisher and colleagues. Qualitatively, animals and humans metabolize TCE in a similar fashion, producing the same metabolites. Quantitatively, PBPK models for TCE and its metabolites are important tools for providing dosimetry comparisons between experimental animals and humans. TCE PBPK models can be used today to aid in crafting scientifically sound public health decisions for TCE. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fisher, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 108 SU 2 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 316CC UT WOS:000087149000009 PM 10807557 ER PT J AU Schutz, SM Abbott, RM AF Schutz, SM Abbott, RM TI Grading ERCPs by degree of difficulty: a new concept to produce more meaningful outcome data SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual ASGE Meeting CY MAY 18, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP ASGE ID CHRONIC-PANCREATITIS; COMPLICATIONS; SPHINCTEROTOMY AB Background: Simple endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) outcome measures such as success and complication rates may not allow direct comparisons among endoscopists or centers because procedure degree of difficulty can vary tremendously from case to case, We propose a new grading scale designed to objectively quantify ERCP degree of difficulty. Methods: A 1 to 5 scale was devised to grade ERCPs according to their level of technical difficulty, A retrospective pilot study was performed to assess ERCP outcomes at our institution according to difficulty grade. The scale was then prospectively applied to all ERCPs during a 1-year period, Results: In the pilot study, 209 of 231 (90%) ERCPs were technically successful, and 8 (3%) were followed by complications. Grade 1 to 4 procedures were more likely to succeed (94% vs, 74%, p < 0.05) and less likely to have associated complications (2% vs. 10%, p < 0.05) than grade 5/5B ERCPs, Of 187 ERCPs assessed prospectively, 166 (89%) were successful and 10 (5%) were followed by complications; 132 of 138 (96%) grade 1 to 4 procedures succeeded compared with 30 of 46 grade 5 to 5B ERCPs (65%, p < 0.001), but complications were not significantly more frequent in grade 5 to 5B ERCPs (8.7% vs. 4.3%, p = not significant). Conclusions: Technical success was dependent on ERCP degree of difficulty, but complications were not. Outcome data that incorporate degree of difficulty information may be more meaningful, allowing endoscopist-to-endoscopist and center-to-center comparisons. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Schutz, SM (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, 101 Bodin Ci, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 10 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 51 IS 5 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0016-5107(00)70285-9 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 315KB UT WOS:000087112000006 PM 10805837 ER PT J AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, E TI Assembling a distributed fused information-based human-computer cognitive decision making tool SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE cognitive-level fusion; belief filtering; tracking and ATR ID DISPLAYS; SIGNALS; FUSION AB A human presented with a variety of displays is expected to fuse data to obtain information. An effective presentation of information would assist the human in fusing data. This paper describes a multisensor-multisource information decision making tool designed to augment human cognitive fusion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 15 IS 5 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1109/62.843110 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 315EY UT WOS:000087100700006 ER PT J AU Webster, RT Wu, SL Anwar, AFM AF Webster, RT Wu, SL Anwar, AFM TI Impact ionization in InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs HEMT's SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE impact ionization; InGaAs; HEMT AB The kink effect and excess gate current in GaAs/InGaAs/InAlAs HEMs have been linked to impact ionization in the high field region of the channel. In this letter, a relationship is established between experimentally measured excess gate current and the tunneling of holes from the quantum well formed in the channel. The channel hole current is then obtained as the quotient of the excess gate current to the gate-voltage-dependent transmission probability This channel hole current follows the exponential dependence of the ionization constant on the inverse electric field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Webster, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1109/55.841293 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 313DH UT WOS:000086984700001 ER PT J AU Ledentsov, NN Grundmann, M Heinrichsdorff, F Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Maximov, MV Alferov, ZI Lott, JA AF Ledentsov, NN Grundmann, M Heinrichsdorff, F Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Zhukov, AE Maximov, MV Alferov, ZI Lott, JA TI Quantum-dot heterostructure lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review DE quantum-well lasers; semiconductor heterojunctions; semiconductor lasers ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THRESHOLD CURRENT-DENSITY; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MU-M; CHARACTERISTIC TEMPERATURE; INJECTION-LASER; GAAS SUBSTRATE; DIODE-LASERS AB Quantum-dot (QD) heterostructures are nanoscale coherent insertions of narrow-gap material in a single-crystalline matrix. These tiny structures provide unique opportunities to modify and extend all basic principles of heterostructure lasers and advance their applications. Despite early predictions, fabrication of QD heterostructure (QDHS) lasers appeared to be a much more challenging task, as compared to quantum well (QW) devices. The breakthrough occurred when techniques for self-organized growth of QD's allowed the fabrication of dense arrays of coherent islands, uniform in shape and size, and, simultaneously, free from undesirable defects. Recently, the figure of merit of QDHS lasers surpasses some of the key characteristics of QW devices in some of the most important applications. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ledentsov, NN (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Maximov, Mikhail/A-8562-2014; Grundmann, Marius/D-4229-2012 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; Grundmann, Marius/0000-0001-7554-182X NR 116 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 8 U2 53 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1109/2944.865099 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 351AQ UT WOS:000089134200005 ER PT J AU Royer, EG Wright, CHG Peterson, DE AF Royer, EG Wright, CHG Peterson, DE TI Assessment for electrical engineering programs - Processes implemented at the United States Air Force Academy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE ABET; accreditation; assessment; engineering assessment AB This article describes hom the assessment process has been developed at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), A major objective of the process design was to minimize additions to the steady state faculty workload. Since the academic program at this institution is similar to civilian universities, it is believed that the methods and results discussed can help other schools. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Royer, EG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1109/13.848068 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 333AV UT WOS:000088107300012 ER PT J AU St John, RH Holland, R AF St John, RH Holland, R TI Field-component statistics of externally illuminated overmoded cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE cable currents; chi-square distributions; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Lambda distribution; Lehman distribution; overmoded enclosures; small apertures; statistical electromagnetics; statistical independence AB The Lambda distribution describes the statistical behavior of the measured square of the electric or magnetic field in an externally illuminated overmoded cavity An approximation of the individual phase-quadrature fields is derived from this distribution. Numerical evaluation of this approximation to the squared phase-quadrature fields convolved with itself shows good agreement (+/-1% away from the tail of the distribution) with the original Lambda distribution. Comparison of theoretically derived cable currents with experimental data exhibits considerably better than factor-of-two correspondence. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Shield Rite Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. RP St John, RH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 42 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1109/15.852406 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 337YN UT WOS:000088391200004 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Singh, A Liu, JK Rafol, SB Luong, EM Mumolo, JM Tran, NQ Ting, DZY Vincent, JD Shott, CA Long, J LeVan, PD AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Singh, A Liu, JK Rafol, SB Luong, EM Mumolo, JM Tran, NQ Ting, DZY Vincent, JD Shott, CA Long, J LeVan, PD TI 640 x 486 long-wavelength two-color GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array camera SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE dualband infrared; focal plane arrays; gallium arsenide; large format imaging arrays; long-wavelength infrared; quantum well infrared photodetectors; target discrimination ID FABRICATION; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB We have designed and fabricated an optimized long-wavelength/very-long-wavelength two-color quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) device structure. The device structure was grown on a 3-in semi-insulating GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), The wafer was processed into several 640 x 486 format monolithically integrated 8-9 and 14-15 mu m two-color (or dual wavelength) QWIP focal plane arrays (FPA's), These FPA's were then hybridized to 640 x 486 silicon CMOS readout multiplexers. A thinned (i.e,, substrate removed) FPA hybrid was integrated into a liquid helium cooled dewar for electrical and optical characterization and to demonstrate simultaneous two-color imagery. The 8-9 mu m detectors in the FPA have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 70 K operating temperature for 300 K background with f/2 cold stop. The 14-15 mu m detectors of the FPA reaches BLIP at 40 K operating temperature under the same background conditions. In this paper we discuss the performance of this long-wavelength dualband QWIP FPA in terms of quantum efficiency, detectivity, noise equivalent temperature difference (NE Delta T), uniformity, and operability. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Raytheon Infrared Ctr Excellence, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 101 Z9 111 U1 7 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5 BP 963 EP 971 DI 10.1109/16.841227 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 314WZ UT WOS:000087081700009 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Zelmon, DE Price, GE Teo, BK AF Zhang, H Zelmon, DE Price, GE Teo, BK TI Wide spectral range nonlinear optical crystals of one-dimensional coordination solids [Et4N][Cd(SCN)(3)] and [Et4N][Cd(SeCN)(3)] and the general design criteria for [R4N][Cd(XCN)(3)] (where R = alkyl and X = S, Se, Te) as NLO crystals SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SPACERS; COMPLEXES; POLYMERS; TRIS(THIOCYANATO)CADMATES(II); <(12C4)(2)CD>; CHROMOPHORES; CHEMISTRY; CATION AB We report herein two new nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, [Et4N][Cd(XCN)(3)], where X = S (1) and Se (2), that are transparent from 220 to 3300 nm, covering the entire near-ultraviolet, the visible, and the near-infrared spectral regions and giving rise to a very wide and continuous optical window, which is useful for many frequency conversion applications. Both 1 and 2 exhibit highly efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) as measured via the Kurtz-Perry method. The corresponding [Me4N](+) salts, [Me4N][Cd(XCN)(3) where X = S (3) and Se (4), show no SHG effects. All four structures adopt noncentrosymmetric space groups (Cmc2(1) for 1 and 2 and Pna2(1) for 3 and presumably 4) and are based on one-dimensional anionic [Cd(XCN)(3)(-)](infinity) zigzag chains. However, a detailed analysis of the structures of [R4N][Cd(XCN)(3)], where R = Et, Me, and X = S, Se revealed that the difference in the second-order nonlinear responses of the Et4N+ salts (1 and 2) and the Me4N+ salts (3 and 4) is attributable to the relative alignment of the [Cd(XCN)(3)(-)](infinity) zigzag chains, being parallel in the crystals of 1 and 2 but antiparallel in the crystals of 3 and 4. Also reported, for the first time, are the synthesis and crystal structure of [Et4N][Cd(SeCN)(3)] (2). Compound 2 crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell of Cmc2(1) space group symmetry with lattice parameters of 9.938(1) Angstrom, 16.868(2) Angstrom, 11.054(1) Angstrom, and Z = 4. Other issues related to the molecular and crystal engineering of this class of NLO materials are also discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 45 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1868 EP 1873 DI 10.1021/ic9912833 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 311CJ UT WOS:000086867000007 PM 11428105 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Jayaraman, V Srivastava, R Benton, WC AF Guide, VDR Jayaraman, V Srivastava, R Benton, WC TI Supply-chain management for recoverable manufacturing systems SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE manufacturing; performance; productivity environment ID WASTE-DISPOSAL MODEL; INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY; REMANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT; EOQ REPAIR; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; STRATEGIES; CORPORATIONS; OPERATIONS; ECONOMICS; LOGISTICS AB Recoverable manufacturing systems minimize the environmental impact of industry by reusing materials, reducing energy use, and reducing the need to landfill industrial products. These systems are widespread in the United States and are profitable, in addition to contributing to sustainable development. However, the management of supply-chain activities can differ greatly from management activities in traditional manufacturing supply chains. Seven complicating characteristics increase uncertainty. Managers must take actions to reduce uncertainty in the timing and quantity of returns, balance return rates with demand rates,;md make material recovery more predictable. Managers must also plan for the collection of products from end-users. The use of information systems with new production-planning and control techniques makes management of these activities more predictable. C1 Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Management & Syst, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Logist & Acquisit, Dept Grad Logist Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Fisher Coll Business, Dept Management Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business Adm, 920 Rockwell Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. NR 87 TC 154 Z9 167 U1 11 U2 64 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 125 EP 142 DI 10.1287/inte.30.3.125.11656 PG 18 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 346LV UT WOS:000088873800010 ER PT J AU Gao, XL Rowlands, RE AF Gao, XL Rowlands, RE TI Hybrid method for stress analysis of finite three-dimensional elastic components SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB A new hybrid experimental-analytical/numerical method for stress analysis of a finite three-dimensional elastic component is developed in this paper. It uses the experimentally measured surface stresses and a Green's function method to determine the displacement field (and thus strain and stress fields) in the interior of the component, The method is based on a displacement formulation in three-dimensional elasticity. It is first demonstrated that solving the elasticity problem can be reduced to solving two kinds of Dirichlet problems of Laplace and Poisson equations when the surface stresses become known. These Dirichlet problems are then solved by using Green's function method in potential theory. The solutions are derived in integral forms in terms of the Green function, which is unique for given shape of the engineering component. Green's functions for three typical shapes of a rectangular prism, a solid cylinder and a solid sphere are provided. A sample problem is analyzed to demonstrate applications of the new method. The present method differs from the known boundary integral equation method in elasticity theory. In addition, it can be directly applied to actual engineering components, unlike the model-based photoelasticity method. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 19 BP 2727 EP 2751 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00111-0 PG 25 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 287UY UT WOS:000085525900007 ER PT J AU Tomaro, RF Witzeman, FC Strang, WZ AF Tomaro, RF Witzeman, FC Strang, WZ TI Simulation of store separation for the F/A-18C using Cobalt(60) SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A demonstration is presented of the ability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to predict store carriage loads and support store trajectory generation. A complete, complex aircraft, the F/A-18C, was modeled with actual stores in their carriage positions. Cobalt(60), a parallel, implicit unstructured flow solver, was used to calculate the flowfield and resultant aerodynamic loads on grids composed of tetrahedral cells. Three grids were used to simulate three different flowfield approximations. Because of lateral symmetry, only the right half was modeled. The first grid was a purely inviscid grid containing 3.15 million cells. The second grid was made up of 3.96 million cells clustered to capture viscous effects on only the store components. The third grid was a full viscous grid containing 6.62 million cells. Store carriage loads for two flight conditions were calculated and compared with wind-tunnel measurements and flight-test data for each of the preceding grids. The resulting carriage loads were used in a separate six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body motion code to generate store trajectories. All CFD solutions were second-order accurate and run to steady state with Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy numbers of one million. Turnaround times ranged from 6 to 21 h, depending on the number of processors used. C1 USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tomaro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.2514/2.2614 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 322FY UT WOS:000087500600001 ER PT J AU Snyder, CH Franke, ME Masquelier, ML AF Snyder, CH Franke, ME Masquelier, ML TI Wind-tunnel tests of an aircraft turret model SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The drag of a half-scale aircraft laser turret is investigated in a low-speed wind tunnel. Forces, moments, and pressures are recorded for the turret and aft-mounted fairings and splitter plates. Oil traces and tufts indicate that the how is characterized by dominant vortices shedding from the top of the turret and a large trailing wake of vorticity. Splitter plates are ineffective in reducing drag as a result of the strong flow over the top of the turret. A small fairing reduces the baseline drag coefficient by 49% but is unable to produce attached dow near the turret. A large fairing eliminates nearly all separation regions and reduces the baseline drag coefficient by 55%. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Snyder, CH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.2514/2.2625 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 322FY UT WOS:000087500600002 ER PT J AU Ohmer, MC AF Ohmer, MC TI Response to "Comment on 'ZnGeP2 birefringence and its temperature dispersion using polarized interference' " [J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4638 (2000)] SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIGHT INTERFERENCE AB In 1984 Andreev [Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 14, 1021 (1984)] initiated a controversy by reporting that theory fails to predict the experimental phase matching angles for second harmonic generation of CO2 pump lasers or even that phase matching is possible at the longer wavelengths. As the phase matching angle under discussion is determined by the refractive indices, Andreev speculated that the index data of Boyd [Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 301 (1971)] were incorrect and that by assuming a larger birefringence, the discrepancy could be resolved. However, it was found that these index values were remarkably accurate. Bhar and Kumbhakar [J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4638 (2000)], speculate that the required birefringence is obtained as a result of a 180 degrees C rise in the crystal temperature due to absorption. In this reply, it is argued that their speculation is inconsistent with the results of numerous experiments and most importantly, that this large temperature rise occurs cannot be accepted as a fact without experimental verification. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)07409-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ohmer, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 4640 EP 4641 DI 10.1063/1.373414 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308QJ UT WOS:000086724100095 ER PT J AU How, H Shi, P Vittoria, C Champion, MH Kempel, LC Trott, KD AF How, H Shi, P Vittoria, C Champion, MH Kempel, LC Trott, KD TI X-band phased array antennas using crystal yttrium-iron-garnet phase shifters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc AB X-band phased array antenna containing four linear microstrip patch elements has been fabricated and tested. The elements were fed through single-crystal yttrium-iron-garnet phase shifters. By varying the bias magnetic field the input phases to the antenna elements can thus be tuned, resulting in steering of the radiation beam in one dimension. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)49508-3]. C1 Electromagnet Applicat, Boston, MA 02109 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USAF, Rome Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Mission Res Corp, Valparaiso, FL 32580 USA. RP How, H (reprint author), Electromagnet Applicat, Boston, MA 02109 USA. RI Kempel, Leo/A-6837-2010 OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 6908 EP 6910 DI 10.1063/1.372882 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308TK UT WOS:000086728800332 ER PT J AU Anna, AL Chandler, GN Jansen, E Mero, NP AF Anna, AL Chandler, GN Jansen, E Mero, NP TI Women business owners in traditional and non-traditional industries SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING LA English DT Article ID PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT; SELF-EFFICACY; CAREER-DEVELOPMENT; PERFORMANCE; SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; MANAGERS; GENDER AB Small businesses continue to gi ow in importance to the national economy. According to the Small Business Administration, America's 22 million small businesses generate more than half of the nation's Gross Domestic Product and are the principal source of new jobs. The National Formation for Women Business Owners reported that between 1987 and 1994, the number of women-owned businesses grew by 78% and women-owned firms accounted for 36% of all firms. Although the growth in the number of women-owned businesses is encouraging the size of such businesses,remains small in terms of both revenues and number of employees, especially in comparison to male-owned businesses. One explanation for this disparity is that female business ownership is concentrated primarily in the retail and service industries where businesses are relatively smaller in terms of employment and revenue as opposed to high technology: construction, and manufacturing. One of the most fruitful streams of research in women's occupational choice has been based on social learning theory. Specifically self-efficacy has been found to relate to both type and number of occupations considered by college men and women, and with regard to traditional and non-traditional occupations. Entrepreneurship researchers have also used social learning theory to study entrepreneurial intentions. This study build's on that background of women's career development and entrepreneurial intentions to examine differences between traditional and non-traditional women business owners. We examine 170 women business owners in various traditional and non-traditional businesses in Utah and Illinois. Questionnaires were the primary method of collecting data, in addition to II in-depth interviews from a sample of the survey respondents. Using a careers perspective, based on social learning theory we hypothesized that women iir these two different categories of industries would differ on levels of self-efficacy toward entrepreneurship or venture efficacy their career expectations and their perceived social support. A second analysis was also clone that explored the relationship between the same independent variables and success or performance of the business. The results offer support for using this integrative model to understand differences between women in traditional and non-traditional industries. The first analysis revealed that significant differences exist between the two groups or? several of the independent variables. Traditional business owners had higher venture efficacy for opportunity recognition, higher career expectations of life balance and security and they reported that the financial support received from others was more important to them than those in non-traditional businesses. On the other hand the nontraditional owners had higher venture efficacy for planning and higher career expectations for money or wealth than the traditional group. The second analysis explored whether success, as measured by safes, was affected by differences in venture efficacies, career expectations, or perceived support received by women in traditional businesses as compared to those in non-traditional ones. This analysis revealed that traditional women business owners might have different factors that contribute to their success than non-traditional owners. Specifically, for the traditional owners, venture efficacies for opportunity recognition and economic management as well as the career expectation of autonomy and money (or wealth) were positively related to sales. For rite same group efficacy toward planning and rite need for security were negatively related to sales. For the non-traditional women, venture efficacy toward planning and the career expectation of autonomy Mere positively related to sales while the expectation of money or wealth was negatively related. Also for the same group the perceived importance of the emotional and financial support was negatively related to sales. In the past, most of the entrepreneurial research has used predominantly male samples of entrepreneurs. Those that include women entrepreneurs,generally are comparative, between,men find women. This study's comparison of two groups of women entrepreneurs offers a unique contribution to the field. Future research is recommended to further understand how venture efficacy and career expectations affect the decision to start a new business in a particular industry. it would he particularly beneficial to study venture, efficacy and career expectations of prospective women entrepreneurs prior to the start of the business. Similarly, greater attention should be given to understanding how venture efficacy develops in different individuals. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF Acad, DFM, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Washington, DC USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Management & Decis Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Anna, AL (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFM, HQ, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H94, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 74 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 17 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0883-9026 J9 J BUS VENTURING JI J. Bus. Ventur. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 279 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00012-3 PG 25 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 267KL UT WOS:000084357100004 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Shelton, PD Kinsey, TV Horton, MC Fortman, BJ Achenbach, S Smirnoff, V Courneya, DL Carpenter, B Gironda, JT AF Beall, DP Shelton, PD Kinsey, TV Horton, MC Fortman, BJ Achenbach, S Smirnoff, V Courneya, DL Carpenter, B Gironda, JT TI Image compression and chest radiograph interpretation: Image perception comparison between uncompressed chest radiographs and chest radiographs stored using 10 : 1 JPEG compression SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology held at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology (SCAR 2000) CY JUN 03-06, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol ID IRREVERSIBLE COMPRESSION; ABNORMALITIES AB We have assessed the effect of 10:1 lossy (JPEG) compression on six board-certified radiologists' ability to detect three commonly seen abnormalities on chest radiographs. The study radiographs included 150 chest radiographs with one of four diagnoses: normal (n = 101), pulmonary nodule (n = 19), interstitial lung disease (n = 19), and pneumothorax (n = 11). Before compression, these images were printed on laser film and interpreted in a blinded fashion by six radiologists. Following an 8-week interval, the images were reinterpreted on an image display workstation after undergoing 10:1 lossy compression. The results for the compressed images were compared with those of the uncompressed images using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Far five of six readers, the diagnostic accuracy was higher for the uncompressed images than for the compressed images, but the difference was not significant (P > .1111). Combined readings far the uncompressed images were also more accurate when compared with the compressed images, but this difference was also not significant (P = .1430). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy Values were 81.5%, 89.2%, and 86.7% for the compressed images, respectively, as compared with 78.9%, 94.5%, and 89.3% for the uncompressed images. There was no correlation between the readers' accuracy and their experience with soft-copy interpretation; the extent of radiographic interpretation experience had no correlation with overall interpretation accuracy. In conclusion, five of six radiologists had a higher diagnostic accuracy when interpreting uncompressed chest radiographs versus the same images modified by 10:1 lossy compression, but this difference was not statistically significant. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 82nd Med Grp, Dept Radiol, Sheppard AFB, Witchita Falls, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Joint Imaging Technol Project Off, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Marburg, Germany. RP Beall, DP (reprint author), 82 MDSS, SGSS, Dept Radiol, 149 Hart St,Suite 5, Wichita Falls, TX 76311 USA. EM douglas.beall@sheppard.af.mil NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0897-1889 EI 1618-727X J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 SU 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 319KA UT WOS:000087339000009 PM 10847358 ER PT J AU Rifai, HS Newell, CJ Gonzales, JR Wilson, JT AF Rifai, HS Newell, CJ Gonzales, JR Wilson, JT TI Modeling natural attenuation of fuels with BIOPLUME III SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-LIMITED BIODEGRADATION; IN-GROUND WATER; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION AB A natural attenuation model that simulates the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of fuel hydrocarbons was developed. The resulting model, BIOPLUME III, demonstrates the importance of biodegradation in reducing contaminant concentrations in ground water. In hypothetical simulations, aerobic biodegradation limited further plume expansion and accounted for approximately 30% of the overall contaminant reduction. Anaerobic biodegradation, in comparison, accounted for more than 65% of the mass loss and concentration declines and caused a shrinking of plume dimensions through time. Application of the model to Site ST-29 at Patrick Air Force Base demonstrated the viability of natural attenuation as a remedy for the existing fuel hydrocarbon plume at the site. Model simulations indicated that a stable plume will be established within 30-40 years and that the plume extent will likely stabilize to <170 m (500 ft) downgradient from the source area. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Groundwater Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77098 USA. USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, Technol Transfer Div, Brooks AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. E Cent Univ, Protect Agcy, Subsurface Protect & Remediat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Rifai, HS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 4800 Calhoun, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2000 VL 126 IS 5 BP 428 EP 438 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:5(428) PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 306AW UT WOS:000086574800007 ER PT J AU Goeringer, KE Raymon, L Christian, GD Logan, BK AF Goeringer, KE Raymon, L Christian, GD Logan, BK TI Postmortem forensic toxicology of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: A review of pharmacology and report of 168 cases SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic toxicology; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; serotonin syndrome ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BASIC DRUGS; SERTRALINE; FLUOXETINE; PAROXETINE; FATALITY; OVERDOSE; BLOOD; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; VENLAFAXINE AB This paper reviews the complex pharmacology of the new class of antidepressant medications exhibiting selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. The four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) considered-fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline and paroxetine-can result in toxicity and death through contributing to serotonergic excess resulting in serotonin syndrome, inhibiting the metabolism of other centrally acting drugs, lending to accumulation of toxic concentrations, and exerting complex vasoactive effects on the vascular smooth muscle. This latter feature is of particular concern in patients with preexisting heart disease. An analytical method involving isolation of the drugs by liquid/liquid extraction at alkaline pH into n-butyl chloride, and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is described, together with some of its limitations. Toxicologic and cause and manner of death data were examined in 60 deaths involving fluoxetine, 5 involving fluvoxamine, 75 involving sertraline, and 28 involving paroxetine. Deaths involving drug toxicity were generally a result of ingestion of multiple drugs, and in only a small number of the cases was death attributed principally to the SSRI involved. The potential for drug interactions between members of this class of drugs is discussed as well as their metabolites and a variety of other therapeutic and abused drugs which can contribute to their toxicity. In the absence of other risk factors, the lowest concentrations determined to have resulted in death were 0.63 mg/L for fluoxetine, 0.4 mg/L for paroxetine, and 1.5 mg/L for sertraline. We had in sufficient data to make even this elude assessment for fluvoxamine. Drug-induced elevation of serotonin concentrations may be a significant risk factor for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Other factors including preexisting disease and the presence of other drugs and their pharmacology need to be carefully considered before determining the appropriate cause and manner of death in these cases. C1 Washington State Patrol, Bur Forens Lab Serv, Washington State Toxicol Lab, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Pathol, Toxicol Lab, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Washington State Patrol, Forens Serv Bur, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. RP Goeringer, KE (reprint author), Washington State Patrol, Bur Forens Lab Serv, Washington State Toxicol Lab, Dept Lab Med, 2203 Airport Way S,Suite 360, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. NR 69 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 45 IS 3 BP 633 EP 648 PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 312XR UT WOS:000086969700017 PM 10855970 ER PT J AU Pedersen, TR Fejer, BG Doe, RA Weber, EJ AF Pedersen, TR Fejer, BG Doe, RA Weber, EJ TI An incoherent scatter radar technique for determining two-dimensional horizontal ionization structure in polar cap F region patches SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-VARYING CONVECTION; LAYER PATCHES; SONDRESTROM; BOUNDARY; PATTERNS; IDENTIFICATION; IRREGULARITIES; ENHANCEMENTS; SIGNATURES; GREENLAND AB We present a technique which combines time series of line-of-sight (LOS) velocity and electron density measurements from the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar (74.5 degrees invariant latitude) to reconstruct the large-scale horizontal structure of the F region ionosphere during polar cap patch events. This reconstruction technique provides a new density-based means of examining patch morphology. Its wide region of coverage also facilitates comparison of radar measurements with other observational data sets. For two periods when patches were present and convection conditions in the nightside polar cap could be adequately approximated by the simple velocity model used in this initial implementation of the technique, we compare reconstructed radar data montages with in situ ion density data from DMSP satellites and 630.0 nm all-sky images taken at the radar site. The satellite data agree well with the radar reconstructions near the observation site, and show general agreement well beyond the radar field of view (FOV). Data from satellite passes to the east and west of the radar coverage suggest high densities were present over many hours of magnetic local time in the nightside polar cap. Many of the patches observed in the radar data were elongated perpendicular to the convective flow and may have extended well beyond the radar FOV. The characteristics of density enhancements observed by the satellites in the nightside auroral zone were found to be consistent with the creation of auroral zone blobs by distortion of patches seen exiting the polar cap in the radar data. Radar data reconstructions also show reasonable qualitative agreement with instantaneous 630.0 nm all-sky images regarding the location, size, and shape of patch features. In addition to validating the streamline-mapping technique, this result also lends support to previous optical studies of patch occurrence and morphology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, VSBI,AFRL, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. SRI Int, Radio Sci & Engn Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pedersen, TR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, VSBI,AFRL, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Todd.Pedersen@hanscom.af.mil NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A5 BP 10637 EP 10655 DI 10.1029/1999JA000073 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309AQ UT WOS:000086745400037 ER PT J AU Silevitch, MB Rothwell, PL Block, LP Falthammar, CG AF Silevitch, MB Rothwell, PL Block, LP Falthammar, CG TI O+ phase bunching as a source for stable auroral arcs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; SUBSTORM MODEL; SMALL-SCALE; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; PLASMA; MAGNETOTAIL; PULSATIONS; SIMULATION; CURRENTS AB We propose a model to explain how ion dynamics create an Alfven wave generator in the equatorial region that can be applied to the stable are problem. For example, in the earthward drifting magnetotail plasma, phase bunching of O+ ions land to a much lesser extent of the H+ ions) can be caused by a weak (similar to 1x10(-9) Vm(-2)) electric field gradient [Rothwell et al., 1994]. This leads to density striations in the GSM frame. O+ density striations in the earthward drifting plasma frame are seen as a tailward propagating source of Alfven waves where the hydrogen ions provide the polarization current of the wave. A transformation to the CSM frame will yield a static, oblique wave structure similar to that previously treated. The waves propagate from the equatorial region to both ionospheres where they are reflected. The ionospheric boundary condition when combined with a magnetospheric boundary condition allows a solution of the wave amplitudes in terms of the striation structure. The frequency of the Alfven wave and the associated wavelengths are also determined by the striation driver. We find that the magnitude of the parallel current density at the ionosphere has a spatial resonance when the distance between the ionosphere and the equatorial plane is equal to a quarter wavelength along B-o. In that case, the magnitude of the parallel current density at the ionosphere is of the order of 10 mu A m(-2) and peaks for striation wavelengths las mapped to the ionosphere) of 10 -40 km, which is comparable to the transverse scale of auroral arcs. The associated Poynting flux incident on the ionosphere is found to be similar to 2 mWm(-2) and represents a net transfer of energy from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere as recently observed by experimenters studying substorm onsets. We find that in the steady state the power extracted from the bulk flow to power the are is balanced by energy provided by the solar wind through the cross-tail electric field. C1 Northeastern Univ, Ctr Electromagnet Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Div Plasma Phys, Alfven Lab, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Silevitch, MB (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Electromagnet Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A5 BP 10739 EP 10749 DI 10.1029/1999JA900360 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309AQ UT WOS:000086745400046 ER PT J AU Sznaier, M Cloutier, J Hull, R Jacques, D Mracek, C AF Sznaier, M Cloutier, J Hull, R Jacques, D Mracek, C TI Receding horizon control Lyapunov function approach to suboptimal regulation of nonlinear systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID H-INFINITY-CONTROL; BOUNDED DISTURBANCES; STABILIZATION; FEEDBACK; REJECTION AB The problem of rendering the origin an asymptotically stable equilibrium point of a nonlinear system while optimizing some measure of performance has been the object of much attention in the past few years. In contrast to the case of linear systems where several optimal synthesis techniques (such as H(infinity), H(2), and l(1)) are well established, their nonlinear counterparts are just starting to emerge. Moreover, in most cases these tools lead to partial differential equations that are difficult to solve. In this paper we propose a suboptimal regulator for nonlinear affine systems based upon the combination of receding horizon and control Lyapunov function techniques. The main result of the paper shows that this controller is nearly optimal provided that a certain finite horizon problem can be solved on-line. Additional results include 1) sufficient conditions guaranteeing closed-loop stability even in cases where there is not enough computational power available to solve this optimization on-line and 2) an analysis of the soboptimality level of the proposed method. These results are illustrated with two simple examples comparing the performance of the suboptimal controller against that achieved by some other popular nonlinear control methods. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Navigat & Control Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Coleman Res Corp, Orlando, FL USA. RP Sznaier, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM msznaier@frodo.ee.psu.edu NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.2514/2.4571 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 313DT UT WOS:000086985600003 ER PT J AU McFarland, MB Calise, AJ AF McFarland, MB Calise, AJ TI Neural networks and adaptive nonlinear control of agile antiair missiles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT CONTROL AB Research has shown that neural networks can be used to improve on approximate dynamic inversion for control of uncertain nonlinear systems. In one architecture, the neural network adaptively cancels inversion errors through on-line learning. such learning is accomplished by a simple weight update rule derived from Lyapunov theory, thus assuring the stability of the closed-loop system. This methodology is reviewed and extended to incorporate an important class of neural networks with one sigmoidal hidden layer. An agile antiair-missile autopilot is subsequently designed using this control scheme. A control law based on approximate inversion of the nonlinear dynamics is presented. This control system is augmented by the addition of a neural network with on-line learning. Numerical results from a nonlinear agile antiair-missile simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting autopilot. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP McFarland, MB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Elgin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.2514/2.4563 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 313DT UT WOS:000086985600022 ER PT J AU Kapila, V Sparks, AG Buffington, JM Yan, QG AF Kapila, V Sparks, AG Buffington, JM Yan, QG TI Spacecraft formation flying: Dynamics and control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Mfg Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VAAD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lockheed Martin Tact Aircraft Syst, Flight Control Vehicle Management Syst, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. RP Kapila, V (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Mfg Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 16 TC 123 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 561 EP 564 DI 10.2514/2.4567 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 313DT UT WOS:000086985600026 ER PT J AU Hommerich, U Seo, JT Bluiett, A Turner, M Temple, D Trivedi, SB Zong, H Kutcher, SW Wang, CC Chen, RJ Schumm, B AF Hommerich, U Seo, JT Bluiett, A Turner, M Temple, D Trivedi, SB Zong, H Kutcher, SW Wang, CC Chen, RJ Schumm, B TI Mid-infrared laser development based on transition metal doped cadmium manganese telluride SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Luminescence and Optical Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Chem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Commemorative Assoc Japan World Exposit, Osaka Convent Bureau, Asahi Glass Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Japan Legislat Soc Fdn, Kansai Res Fdn Tech Promot, Murata Sci Fdn, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn, Novaltis Fdn Japan Promot Sci, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn DE Cr2+; Co2+; laser material ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; CR2+CD0.85MN0.15TE AB The recent discovery of mid-infrared laser action from Cr2+ ions has stimulated significant interest in transition metal (TM) doped II-VI semiconductors as solid-state laser materials. Tunable mid-infrared lasing has been reported from Cr:ZnSe, Cr:ZnS, Cr:CdSe, and Cr:Cd0.85Mn0.15Te. Cd1-xMnxTe (0 < x < 0.77) is a promising host for Cr2+ and other TM ions because it can be commercially produced with high mechanical and optical quality. Moreover, Cd1-xMnxTe allows one to optimize the optical and laser properties of TM ions as a function of chemical composition. In this paper we report spectroscopic and laser results of Cr:Cd0.55Mn0.45Te. In addition, preliminary results on the absorption and mid-infrared luminescence properties of Co doped Cd0.55Mn0.45Te are presented. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Res Ctr Opt Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Brimrose Corp Amer, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. USAF, AFRL, SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hommerich, U (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Res Ctr Opt Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 87-9 BP 1143 EP 1145 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(99)00571-2 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 310GK UT WOS:000086818000345 ER PT J AU Gruber, MR Nejad, AS Chen, TH Dutton, JC AF Gruber, MR Nejad, AS Chen, TH Dutton, JC TI Transverse injection from circular and elliptic nozzles into a supersonic crossflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FLOW; JET; FLOWFIELDS; FLUORESCENCE AB An investigation of sonic transverse injection from circular and elliptic nozzles into a supersonic crossflow using planar Rayleigh/Mie scattering is reported. Instantaneous images allow examination of the structural details, whereas ensemble-averaged images provide transverse penetration and lateral spread data for each jet, Standard deviation images produce information regarding the large-scale mixing/entrainment and reveal the mixing zones, Results show a highly three-dimensional near-field interaction dominated by shear-layer eddies and a counterrotating, vortex pair Ensemble-averaged results show that the elliptic jet spreads more rapidly in the lateral direction than the circular jet, confirming that an axis-switching phenomenon is present, Near-field transverse penetration data collapse well with low-speed scaling conventions; however, the jet produced by the elliptic nozzle suffers a 20% reduction in penetration compared to the circular jet. Compressibility level does not play a significant role in the average penetration or spread of these jets, although it strongly affects the mixing/entrainment and large-scale structure. Analysis of mixing potential from the standard deviation images indicates that the low and High convective Mach number M-c injection cases are significantly different; low M-c injection yields better large-scale mixing potential than high M-c injection regardless of the injector geometry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, High Speed Syst Dev Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Gruber, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, High Speed Syst Dev Branch, Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.2514/2.5609 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 315MB UT WOS:000087116600009 ER PT J AU Harris, TE Jobe, CM Dai, QG AF Harris, TE Jobe, CM Dai, QG TI Fixation of proximal humeral prostheses and rotational micromotion SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article AB Twenty pairs of cadaveric humeri were used to compare the rotational stability of proximal humeral prostheses fixed by proximal cementation with the stability offered by press fit or full cementation. For each proximally cemented specimen, only the upper portion of the prosthesis was coated with cement. For the Fully cemented specimens, a cement restrictor was used just distal to the prosthesis, and a finger-packing technique was used to fill the proximal humeral medullary canal. Torque was applied to the Morse taper of the prostheses, and rotational micromotion was measured at the level of the osteotomy. In each of 11 pairs of cadaveric humeri, one side was press fit and the contralateral side was proximally cemented; in each of 9 pairs, proximal cementation was compared with full cementation. Proximally cemented prostheses' micromotion was significantly less than that of press-fit prostheses (P =.0016). There was no difference in micromotion between proximal cementation and full cementation (P =.82). Proximal cementation increased initial fixation over press fit. Full cementation did not increase rotational stability. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sch Med, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. USAF, Air Force Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Jobe, CM (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sch Med, 11234 Anderson St,A521, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1067/mse.2000.105625 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 328JN UT WOS:000087847600007 PM 10888164 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Fontenot, EG AF Ross, MD Fontenot, EG TI Test-retest reliability of the standing heel-rise test SO JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE calf muscle; performance; rehabilitation AB Context: The standing heel-rise test has been recommended as a means of assessing calf-muscle performance. To the authors' knowledge, the reliability of the test using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) has not been reported. Objective: To determine the test-retest reliability of the standing heel-rise test. Design: Single-group repeated measures. Participants: Seventeen healthy subjects. Settings and intervention: Each subject was asked to perform as many standing heel raises as possible during 2 testing sessions separated by 7 days. Main Outcome Measures: Reliability data for the standing heel-rise test were studied through a repeated-measures analysis of variance, ICC2,1, and SEMs. Results: The ICC,, and SEM values for the standing heel-rise test were .96 and 2.07 repetitions, respectively. Conclusions: The standing heel-rise test offers clinicians a reliable assessment of calf-muscle performance. Further study is necessary to determine the ability of the standing heel-rise test to detect functional deficiencies in patients recovering from lower leg injury or surgery. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1056-6716 J9 J SPORT REHABIL JI J. Sport Rehabil. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 317MR UT WOS:000087229600003 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK AF Cinibulk, MK TI Synthesis of yttrium aluminum garnet from a mixed-metal citrate precursor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POWDERS; GROWTH; FIBERS AB Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) was synthesized using a polymeric precursor derived from a mixed-metal citric acid/ethylene glycol/ethanol solution. YAG was found to crystallize directly from an amorphous precursor beginning at temperatures as low as 600 degrees C within 1 h in air, The polymer resin concentration was found to have an effect on the temperature of crystallization initiation. However, all precursors produced a well-crystallized YAG powder within 1 h at 800 degrees C in air. Formation of phase-pure YAG in an argon atmosphere did not occur until heating for 1 h at 1000 degrees C. An optimum cation-to-resin ratio to maximize reactivity provides a polymeric network to ensure a homogeneous dispersion of cations, get minimizes cation diffusion distances within the char by limiting excess free carbon after polymer pyrolysis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 22 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1276 EP 1278 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 319ER UT WOS:000087329000044 ER PT J AU Turner, MD Roh, WB Schepler, KL AF Turner, MD Roh, WB Schepler, KL TI Nonlinear optical properties of GaSb and GaInAsSb and their application for phase conjugation in degenerate four-wave mixing SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The nonlinear optical properties of, and phase conjugation in, the bulk semiconductor GaSb were investigated at 2.1 mu m by use of the Z-scan and the degenerate four-wave mixing techniques. Measurements were also carried out near the fundamental bandgap of the quaternary compound Ga0.87In0.13As0.11Sb0.89. Z-scan measurements as a function of sample temperature, in conjunction with theoretical modeling, identified the predominant sources of the medium nonlinearity to be nonequilibrium free carriers generated through two-photon absorption in GaSb, while it is saturation of real transitions near the fundamental band edge in Ga0.87In0.13As0.11Sb0.89 that was identified as the primary cause of this nonlinearity. mixing phase-conjugate reflectivity of as much as 14% has been achieved in GaSb. Degenerate four-wave [S0740-3224(00)01005-5]. OCIS codes: 190.5970, 190.5040, 190.4380, 190.4180, 190.0190, 140.3070, 160.4330. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turner, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 17 IS 5 BP 790 EP 804 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.17.000790 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 312NA UT WOS:000086948300015 ER PT J AU Glasgow, SC Shah, AS Noone, RB Gottfried, MR Eachempati, SR Talarico, TL Vaslef, SN AF Glasgow, SC Shah, AS Noone, RB Gottfried, MR Eachempati, SR Talarico, TL Vaslef, SN TI Comparison of various hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate solutions as resuscitative fluids after hemorrhagic shock SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-18, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP E Assoc Surg Trauma DE blood substitutes; hemoglobin; hemorrhagic shock; animal; pigs; swine; gastrointestinal perfusion; resuscitation; tonometry; gastrointestinal histology; radioactive microspheres ID CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; HUMAN POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; CELL-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; GASTRIC TONOMETRY; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; INTRAMUCOSAL PH; CRITICALLY-ILL; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; S-NITROSOHEMOGLOBIN; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT AB Background: Previous research suggested that splanchnic hypoperfusion occurs after resuscitation,vith certain acellular hemoglobin solutions. We examined the influence of maltose content and oxygen affinity on resuscitation with various hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate solutions after hemorrhage. Methods: Fifteen swine underwent hemorrhage and equal volume resuscitation with pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate containing 0% or 8% maltose, or low P-50 conjugate, which also contained 8% maltose, Five control animals were monitored but not bled, Regional blood flow was determined by using radioactive microspheres, gastric mucosal perfusion was estimated with tonometry, and gut histopathology was evaluated, Results: All hemoglobin solutions produced vasoconstriction, manifested by elevated mean systemic and pulmonary artery pressures without a significant decrease in cardiac index compared with the sham group, Resuscitation with maltose-containing solutions elevated arterial and regional Pco(2) and depressed arterial pH and gastric pH(i) (p < 0.05 for all). Splanchnic and renal blood flows were reduced in the low P-50 + 8% maltose group (p < 0.05 vs. sham and baseline for renal blood flow), possibly indicating greater regional vasoconstriction in this group. Ileal mucosal damage was more severe in the maltose-containing groups and correlated with decreased pH(i). Conclusion: Vasoconstriction occurred in all groups but was more severe in the low P-50 + 8% maltose group. Maltose-containing solutions caused respiratory acidosis, decreased pH(i), and histologic evidence of mucosal injury. Pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate without maltose was a superior resuscitation solution in this swine model. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York Hosp, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. Apex Biosci Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Vaslef, SN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Box 2601, Durham, NC 27710 USA. OI Shah, Ashish/0000-0002-1821-9110 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2000 VL 48 IS 5 BP 884 EP 892 DI 10.1097/00005373-200005000-00012 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 314WH UT WOS:000087080200024 PM 10823532 ER PT J AU Smith, SA Lampert, WV Rajagopal, P Banks, AD Thomson, D Davis, RF AF Smith, SA Lampert, WV Rajagopal, P Banks, AD Thomson, D Davis, RF TI Selective etching of GaN over AlN using an inductively coupled plasma and an O-2/Cl-2/Ar chemistry SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID III-V NITRIDES; CL-2/AR; ALGAN AB An alternative method for achieving etching selectivity between GaN and AIN has been demonstrated. The etch rate of AW was significantly decreased by the addition of a low concentration of O-2 to a Cl-2-Ar mixture in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching system. The etch rate of GaN in the O-2-containing plasma was approximately 15% less than the plasma without the O-2 for the same parameters. The pressure and the ICP power were varied to achieve a maximum selectivity of 48 at a pressure of 10 mTorr, a direct current bias of - 150 V, and an ICP power of 500 W. The etch rates of GaN and ALN at these parameters were 4800 and 100 Angstrom/min, respectively. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(00)01503-7]. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smith, SA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 879 EP 881 DI 10.1116/1.582270 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 315MR UT WOS:000087118000014 ER PT J AU Newman, PG Pamulapati, J Shen, H Taysing-Lara, M Liu, J Chang, W Simonis, G Koley, B Dagenais, M Feld, S Loehr, J AF Newman, PG Pamulapati, J Shen, H Taysing-Lara, M Liu, J Chang, W Simonis, G Koley, B Dagenais, M Feld, S Loehr, J TI Molecular beam epitaxial growth of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with digital alloys and digital gradings SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA AB Electrical resistance through vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy is generally higher than in VCSELs grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The better performance of MOCVD-grown material is attributed to the fact that MOCVD can continuously grade the composition between the high index (narrow band gap) and low index (wide band gap) materials that constitute the Bragg mirror stack. This leads to a lower resistance for the charge to traverse through the mirror stack. Ln addition, the oxidation of VCSEL apertures dramatically reduces threshold current I-th; however, the oxidation process requires a low index layer with a high aluminum mole fraction for reasonable oxidation rates and for good material stability. The MOCVD process benefits from its ability to tailor the high mole fraction AlGaAs material that is crucial for creating the oxide apertures. The majority of these problems can be alleviated using digital alloys and digital grades. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Newman, PG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1619 EP 1622 DI 10.1116/1.591439 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 325AM UT WOS:000087654200099 ER PT J AU Pinto, LA Blazevic, V Patterson, BK Mac Trubey, C Dolan, MJ Shearer, GM AF Pinto, LA Blazevic, V Patterson, BK Mac Trubey, C Dolan, MJ Shearer, GM TI Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication prior to reverse transcription by influenza virus stimulation SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; ALPHA-INTERFERON; HIV-1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HIV-INFECTION; VACCINATION; MIP-1-BETA; RANTES AB It is now recognized that, in addition to drug-mediated therapies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the immune system can exert antiviral effects via CD8(+) T-cell-generated anti-HIV factors. This study demonstrates that (i) supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with influenza A virus inhibit replication of CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 isolates prior to reverse transcription; (ii) the HIV-suppressive supernatants can be generated by CD4- or CD8-depleted PBMC; (iii) this anti-HIV activity is partially due to alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), but not to IFN-gamma, IFN-beta, the beta-chemokines MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and RANTES, or interleukin-16; (iv) the anti-HIV activity is generated equally well by PBMC cultured with either infectious or UV-inactivated influenza A virus; and (v) the antiviral activity can be generated by influenza A-stimulated PBMC from HN-infected individuals. These findings represent a novel mechanism for inhibition of HIV-1 replication that differs from the previously described CD8 anti-HIV factors (MIP-la, MIP-1 beta, RANTES, and CD8 antiviral factor). C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, FCRDC, SAIC Frederick, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Lab Viral Pathogenesis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shearer, GM (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Rm 4B36, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 41 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 74 IS 10 BP 4505 EP 4511 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.10.4505-4511.2000 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 306ZV UT WOS:000086629400008 PM 10775586 ER PT J AU Bharadwaj, RK Bunning, TJ Farmer, BL AF Bharadwaj, RK Bunning, TJ Farmer, BL TI A mesoscale modelling study of nematic liquid crystals confined to ellipsoidal domains SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SPIN MODELS; DROPLETS; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSITION; AEROGELS; GRATINGS; POLYMERS AB Director configurations of nematic liquid crystalline molecules packed in ellipsoidal domains have been investigated using mesoscale modelling techniques. Interactions between the directors were described by the Lebwohl-Lasher potential. Four different ellipsoidal shapes (sphere, oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid, and ellipsoid) were studied under homogeneous and homeotropic surface anchoring conditions. The model has been characterized by computing thermodynamic and structural properties as a function of ellipsoidal shape (prolate and oblate) and size. The predicted director configuration in ellipsoids resulting from homeotropic surface anchoring is found to be very different from that in spherical domains. The bipolar configuration involving homogeneous surface anchoring is nearly identical in the four cases. The effect of an external electric field, applied at different orientations with respect to the major axis of the ellipsoid, has been probed as a function of the magnitude of the field and the ellipsoidal size and shape. The orientation of directors is most easily accomplished parallel and perpendicular to the major axis for the oblate and prolate spheroids, respectively, for homeotropic anchoring, and along the bipolar symmetry axis for homogeneous anchoring. In domains with homeotropic surface anchoring, the oblate spheroid and elongated ellipsoid are predicted to be the most efficient geometries For PDLC applications; for homogeneous anchoring conditions, the prolate spheroid and elongated ellipsoid are predicted to be the most efficient. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP, 2941 P St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.farmer@afrl.af.mil NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 EI 1366-5855 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5 BP 591 EP 603 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 310UA UT WOS:000086844700007 ER PT J AU Gschwender, L Snyder, CE Nelson, L Carswell, L Fultz, GW Saba, C AF Gschwender, L Snyder, CE Nelson, L Carswell, L Fultz, GW Saba, C TI Research and development of advanced high-temperature Air Force turbine engine oil (c) SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE deposition of tribomaterials; aerospace; aerospace lubrication; aviation; jet engines; gas turbine engines; gas turbine oils; high temperature lubricants; oxidation-lubr. degradation; vapor pressure; volatility AB Military and commercial jet aircraft engines operate more efficiently and hotter than in the past to increase fuel efficiency. Advanced structural engine materials permit hotter burning, more efficient engines. These trends will continue. Many current gas turbine engines are experiencing oil system coking and other problems related to the limited thermal and oxidative stability of the conventional, ester-based gas turbine engine oils. The best current oils have a maximum operating temperature of about 200 degrees C. The authors initiated a program to develop a new class of ester-based lubricants to meet their high-temperature requirements. The rat-get temperature range of this new oil is -40 degrees to 232 degrees C. Target requirements were established and communicated to industry. This paper presents those requirements and initial results on the most promising candidates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gschwender, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 56 IS 5 BP 20 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 319CJ UT WOS:000087322100005 ER PT J AU Kropas-Hughes, CV Neel, ST AF Kropas-Hughes, CV Neel, ST TI Basics of computed tomography SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ARACOR, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Kropas-Hughes, CV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLP, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 58 IS 5 BP 630 EP 633 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 311HW UT WOS:000086879500002 ER PT J AU Blodgett, M Hassan, W Nagy, PB AF Blodgett, M Hassan, W Nagy, PB TI Theoretical and experimental investigations of the lateral resolution of eddy current imaging SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE eddy current imaging; image resolution; penetration depth; finite element simulation ID FIELD MICROWAVE MICROSCOPE; STANDARD DEPTH; PENETRATION; RESISTANCE; NDT AB Analytical, finite element simulation, and experimental methods were used to investigate the lateral resolution of eddy current microscopy. It was found that the lateral resolution of eddy current imaging is ultimately limited by the probe coil geometry and dimensions but that both the inspection frequency and the phase angle can be used to optimize the resolution at the expense of some degree of sensitivity. Although eddy current imaging is still in its infancy, a direct comparison of 5 MHz eddy current and 40 MHz acoustic microscopic images of the same coarse grained Ti-6Al-4V sample indicated that the same features can be observed by both methods at approximately the same resolution level. Electric anisotropy exhibited by noncubic crystallographic classes of materials such as titanium alloys can play a very similar role in electromagnetic materials characterization of polycrystalline metals to that of elastic anisotropy in ultrasonic materials characterization. Our results demonstrate that eddy current microscopy can be enhanced via a high resolution, small diameter probe coil which delivers a unique materials characterization tool well suited for the evaluation of titanium alloys. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Blodgett, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 58 IS 5 BP 647 EP 654 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 311HW UT WOS:000086879500008 ER PT J AU Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG AF Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG TI Effect of preform microstructure on the hot working mechanisms in ELI grade Ti-6Al-4V: transformed beta v. equiaxed (alpha+beta) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS; ALLOY AB Processing of Ti-6Al-4V includes hot working above and below the beta transus and the various stages of manufacture involve preforms with either transformed beta (Widmanstatten colony type) or equiaxed (alpha + beta) microstructure, For achieving defect free products during manufacture, it is important to understand the response of these two preform microstructures to the imposed hot working conditions. In this paper, the influence of the preform microstructure on the lot working mechanisms of extra low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti-6Al-4V has been studied with the help of hot compression experiments conducted in the temperature range 750-1100 degrees C and strain rate range 0.001-100 s(-1) The data have been analysed using the standard kinetic approach as well as the more recent approach of processing maps. In the alpha-beta range, the stress-strain behaviour of transformed beta preform is marked by a higher flow stress and a continuous flow softening while the equiaxed (alpha + beta) preform exhibits steady state flow at lower strain rates. By deforming in the alpha-beta range, the transformed beta microstructure is converted into an equiaxed one by a process of globularisation, On the other hand, the equiaxed (alpha + beta) preform deforms superplastically with an associated minor change in its microstructure, In the beta range, the transformed beta deforms by a process of large grained superplasticity involving the sliding of prior colony (Widmanstiitten) boundaries with an associated diffusion accommodated flow. However, dynamic recrystallisation of beta occurs in the equiaxed preform. Deformation near the transus for both the preforms is associated with local minima in the tensile ductility indicating the possibility of void nucleation. At strain rates higher than about 0.1 s(-1), both the preforms exhibit flow instabilities manifested in the form of flow localisation due to adiabatic shear band formation which is severe in the case of transformed beta preform. MST/4494. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Proc Design Branch, MLMR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, YVRK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Proc Design Branch, MLMR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH SER JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 317DV UT WOS:000087211800007 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL Ghosh, AK AF Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL Ghosh, AK TI An analysis of the effect of cavity nucleation rate and cavity coalescence on the tensile behavior of superplastic materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; POWER-LAW CREEP; DEFORMATION; CAVITATION; FRACTURE; GROWTH; DUCTILITY; FAILURE; ALLOYS; BRASS AB A model utilizing a simple force-equilibrium approach was developed to establish the effect of the cavity nucleation rate and cavity coalescence on the uniaxial tensile behavior of superplastic metals. All cavities were assumed to be spherical and uniformly distributed within the material, irrespective of the degree of deformation, Material input parameters for the model comprised the cavity nucleation rate (N), the strain-rate sensitivity of the flow stress (m), and the growth parameter for individual cavities (eta), which was taken to be a function of rn. The effect of cavity coalescence on average void size and volume fraction was treated using an empirical relation, which correlates an average void growth rate to the growth rate of individual, noninteracting cavities. Model predictions indicated that the macroscopic quantities often used to describe cavitation behavior, i.e,, "initial cavity volume fraction" (C-nu 0) and "apparent cavity growth rate"(eta(APP)) describe the combined influence of cavity nucleation, growth, and coalescence, With regard to the overall tensile behavior, simulation results revealed that increasing cavity nucleation rates reduce ductility in a manner analogous to the effect of decreases in the strain-rate sensitivity. In addition, the failure mode was established with regard to the relative magnitudes of the cavity nucleation rate and the strain-rate sensitivity. Model predictions of tensile elongation and cavity-size distributions were validated by comparison to measurements found in the literature for cavitating superplastic materials. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Silver Baryte Ores Min Co SA, Athens 10672, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1425 EP 1434 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0260-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 315JP UT WOS:000087110800010 ER PT J AU Jano, S Harlin, SA AF Jano, S Harlin, SA TI Designing a carotid endarterectomy critical pathway for your organization SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Military-Surgeons-of-the-United-States CY NOV 08-13, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Assoc Mil Surg US ID CARE AB Background: Carotid endarterectomy [CEA) is one of the top-five surgical diagnosis-related groups at Keesler Medical Center. The geometric mean length of stay for CEA during fiscal year (FY) 1996 was 5.84 days (N = 41), compared with 1.79 for a benchmark facility. Objective: Create a critical pathway to standardize care, maintain/improve patient outcomes, reduce lengths of stay, and decrease costs. Methods: A multidisciplinary team was formed to evaluate four patient-flow options. The team decided to discharge patients directly from the intensive care unit to meet both patient and staff needs. Results: The geometric mean length of stay decreased to 1.70 days (N = 54) in FY 1998, compared with 2.42 days (N = 40) in FY 1997. The cost savings was $5,841 per case, compared with $1,684 before creation of the pathway. This represents an annual savings of more than $224,000 and a 30% reduction in length of stay. Conclusions: The CEA pathway has standardized the care received by this group of patients. By decreasing variation, processes have become routine and more efficient. C1 Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Jano, S (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 301 Fisher St,Room 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 385 EP 389 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700010 PM 10826387 ER PT J AU Campanella, HC Campanella, PM Grayson, K AF Campanella, HC Campanella, PM Grayson, K TI Factors affecting department of defense patient satisfaction in a military emergency department SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARE AB This descriptive, correlational study was conducted to explore factors (nurses and staff, doctors, waiting and convenience issues, and tests and treatments) and specific interpersonal behaviors affecting Department of Defense patient satisfaction in a military emergency department [ED], Data from a random sample of 534 patients using a mail-back questionnaire (N = 178) revealed that military patients who perceived the staff to have treated them courteously, taken their problems seriously, and paid attention to them during their stay were more satisfied with their military ED encounter. Patient satisfaction, expressed as likelihood to recommend the facility, was independent of major demographic characteristics such as age and sex, Our findings suggest the a patient's perception of the ED encounter, particularly the interactions between the patient and staff, ultimately influence satisfaction. Significant improvements in patient satisfaction might be realized if quality improvement efforts focus on providing ED staff specific training in interpersonal interactions. C1 60th Med Grp, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Campanella, HC (reprint author), 60th Med Grp, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 396 EP 402 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700012 PM 10826389 ER PT J AU Lindemuth, JS Hagge, MS Broome, JS AF Lindemuth, JS Hagge, MS Broome, JS TI Effect of restoration size on fracture resistance of bonded amalgam restorations SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADHESION; FORM AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of restoration size on the fracture strength of amalgam restorations bonded with Amalgambond Plus (with HPA). Research has shown that this adhesive is dispersed throughout the unset amalgam during condensation and that a decrease in diametral tensile strength, proportional to the amount of adhesive incorporated into the unset amalgam, has resulted. Smaller cavity preparations have a higher ratio of surface area to volume than do larger preparations, and it was anticipated that a proportionately greater amount of adhesive would be incorporated into smaller amalgam restorations. Sixty extracted human molars were divided into four groups of 15 teeth and mounted in tray acrylic-filled PVC cylinders. Shallow approximoocclusal channels were prepared in two groups. One group was restored with Amalgambond Plus and Tytin amalgam, the other with just Tytin amalgam. Larger proximo-occlusal preparations were made in the remaining two groups, then restored in the same fashion. Samples were stored in 37 degrees C for at least 24 hours, then thermocycled from 5-55 degrees C 1000 times with a one-minute dwell time. Specimens were mounted in a Universal Testing Machine, and a chisel was applied to the restorations in compression mode at a crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/minute until bulk fracture of the amalgam occurred. The results indicated no difference in bulk fracture strengths between large amalgam restorations restored with and without Amalgambond Plus. However, small amalgam restorations restored with Amalgambond Plus exhibited significantly greater (p<0.025) bulk fracture strengths than small amalgam restorations restored without use of the adhesive. C1 60th Dent Squadron, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Lindemuth, JS (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, 2215 Webster St, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 312FE UT WOS:000086931900009 PM 11203813 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Modification algorithms for improving the performance of holographically stored multiplexed correlation filters SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pattern recognition; optimal filtering; correlation; associative memory ID PHASE-ONLY FILTER; OPTICAL ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY; SIMULATED ANNEALING ALGORITHM; DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION FILTERS; JOINT TRANSFORM CORRELATION; TRADE-OFF FILTERS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CORRELATION PEAK; NEURAL NETWORKS; OBSCURED INPUTS AB Several filter algorithms are developed for the purpose of modifying the transmissivity of many matched filters multiplexed onto one hologram. Each algorithm optimizes, or approximately optimizes, a specified performance metric. Four pages of images are multiplexed onto a thin hologram, each page having nine binary images. Computer simulation indicates that some algorithms operate over a wide range of obscurations (down to about 5% of the original image), while others have restricted operating ranges. This process has application to both associative memories and correlation. Two new optical schemes are also proposed that can implement two of these modification filters. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)00905-3]. C1 Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, AFRL, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1122 EP 1132 DI 10.1117/1.602483 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 313FZ UT WOS:000086990800003 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Heteroassociative correlation filter using cross-correlation enhancement SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pattern recognition; signal processing; optical processing; optimal filtering; correlation ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; OBSCURED INPUTS; RECOGNITION AB We introduce a new fixed-phase algorithm for producing an object recognition correlation filter by either enhancing or suppressing unnecessary spectrum information from selected objects. We demonstrate this approach by simulating the performance using five test images with completely dissimilar edge information. This new algorithm can be used to substantially improve the performance of existing composite classification and recognition filter algorithms. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)01005-9]. C1 Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1142 EP 1148 DI 10.1117/1.602484 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 313FZ UT WOS:000086990800005 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Engineering aspects of the two-beam coupling correlator SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE target recognition; joint transform correlator ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; ERROR-DIFFUSION; RANGE LIMIT; CRYSTAL AB We perform computer simulations and theoretical modeling to predict the location of the best operating point of the two-beam coupling joint transform correlator. From this study, we determine that the highest speed and resolution as well as the optimal trade-off between correlation peak intensity, efficiency, and noise performance is realized when the holographic material is thin and operates with relatively small negative gain. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)01105-3]. C1 Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1183 DI 10.1117/1.602485 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 313FZ UT WOS:000086990800010 ER PT J AU Corrado, JR Erwin, RS Bernstein, DS Haddad, WM AF Corrado, JR Erwin, RS Bernstein, DS Haddad, WM TI Stable H-2-optimal controller synthesis SO OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS LA English DT Article DE strong stabilization; fixed-order control; H-2-optimal control ID LQG CONTROLLERS; STABILIZATION AB This paper considers fixed-structure stable H-2-optimal controller synthesis using a multiobjective optimization technique which provides a trade-off between closed-loop performance and the degree of controller stability. The problem is presented in a decentralized static output feedback framework developed for fixed-structure dynamic controller synthesis. A quasi-Newton/continuation algorithm is used to compute solutions to the necessary conditions. To demonstrate the approach, two numerical examples are considered. The first example is a second-order spring-mass-damper system and the second example is a fourth-order two-mass system, both of which are considered in the stable stabilization literature. The results are then compared with other methods of stable compensator synthesis. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSDV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Haddad, WM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM gt6802a@cad.gatech.edu; erwinr@plk.af.mil; dsbaero@engin.umich.edu; wm.haddad@aerospace.gatech.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0143-2087 J9 OPTIM CONTR APPL MET JI Optim. Control Appl. Methods PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.1002/1099-1514(200005/06)21:3<107::AID-OCA670>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 337ET UT WOS:000088345000002 ER PT J AU Fowler, CB Brannon, RB AF Fowler, CB Brannon, RB TI Subacute necrotizing sialadenitis: Report of 7 cases and a review of the literature SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article AB Subacute necrotizing sialadenitis (SANS) isa nonspecific inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting oral minor salivary glands. The lesion is most often characterized by a localized palatal swelling, accompanied by an abrupt onset of pain. In this report, we describe the clinical, microscopic, and ultrastructural features of 7 new cases of SANS and combine them with those of 15 cases previously published in the English language medical literature. Patient ages ranged from 15 to 15 years, with a mean age of 21.9 years. A male to female ratio of 3.4 to 1 was observed, but probably reflects a male sampling bias because 14 of the 22 cases occurred in a military population. Seventeen cases occurred on the hard palate, 4 on the soft palate, and 1 on the tonsillar pillar. The lesions were nonulcerated swellings ranging in size from 0.3 to 2.5 cm in diameter. All lesions except one were painful, and most had been present for a week or less at the time of diagnosis. Histopathologic features included diffuse involvement of minor salivary glands by lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils, and variably by eosinophils. Loss of acinar cells, early acinar cell necrosis, and atrophy of ductal cells were also observed, Although possible viral particles have been reported ultrastructurally in some cases of SANS, none were observed in our study. SANS appears to he a self-limiting process with most cases resolving 2 to 3 weeks after biopsy. SANS has been questioned as an entity by some investigators who prefer to include it within the spectrum of necrotizing sialometaplasia. However we believe there is justification for the separation of these 2 entities based on clinical and histopatholopic parameters. Although the specific etiology of SANS remains unknown, it most likely represents an infectious process or perhaps an immune response to an unknown allergen. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dent Squadron 59th, MRDM, Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, New Orleans, LA 70119 USA. RP Fowler, CB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dent Squadron 59th, MRDM, Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol Serv, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 89 IS 5 BP 600 EP 609 DI 10.1067/moe.2000.105943 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 314UC UT WOS:000087075100016 PM 10807718 ER PT J AU Rao, S AF Rao, S TI Reply to Comment on 'Atomistic simulation of cross-slip processes in model fcc structures' SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID COPPER AB The procedure used by Rao et al. (1999, Phil. Mag. A, 79, 1167) for evaluating the cross-slip energy in fcc Cu is explained in detail. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Direct, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rao, S (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Direct, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1293 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 313QN UT WOS:000087010500021 ER PT J AU Williams, WB AF Williams, WB TI Millennium watch SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, WB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 34 IS 5 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 312KA UT WOS:000086941400002 ER PT J AU Collins, CB Davanloo, F Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Zoita, NC Camase, DT Hicks, JM Karamian, SA Ur, CA Popescu, II Dussart, R Pouvesle, JM Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV McDaniel, P Crist, CE AF Collins, CB Davanloo, F Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Zoita, NC Camase, DT Hicks, JM Karamian, SA Ur, CA Popescu, II Dussart, R Pouvesle, JM Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV McDaniel, P Crist, CE TI gamma emission from the 31-yr isomer of Hf-178 induced by x-ray irradiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEPOPULATION AB A sample containing 6.3x10(14) nuclei of the 16(+) isomer of Hf-178 having a half life of 31 years and excitation energy of 2.446 MeV was irradiated with x-ray pulses derived from a device operated at 15 mA to produce bremsstrahlung radiation with an end point energy set to be 63 keV. Gamma spectra of the isomeric target were taken with two independent Ge detectors. Intensities of the 213.4 keV (4(+)-->2(+)) and 325.5 keV (6(+)-->4(+)) transitions in the ground state band of Hf-178 were found to increase when irradiated. The largest enhancement was 1.6+/-0.3% measured in the 213.4 keV transition. Such an accelerated decay of the Hf-178 isomer is consistent with an integrated cross section exceeding 2.2x10(-22) cm(2) keV if the resonant absorption takes place below 20 keV as indicated by the use of selective absorption filters in the irradiating beam. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. H Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. IGE Fdn, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Orleans, CNRS, GREMI, Orleans, France. Ctr Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, DEPA, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Collins, CB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/F-9868-2013 OI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/0000-0002-8337-9559 NR 11 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2000 VL 61 IS 5 AR 054305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.61.054305 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 312QB UT WOS:000086953000017 ER PT J AU Giannelli, RA Ritchie, BG Applegate, JM Beck, E Beck, J Vanderpool, AO Morris, CL Rahwool-Sullivan, M Jones, MK Ransome, RD Yadav, M Watson, DL Oganesjan, KO Pasyuk, EA Guber, FF Reshetin, AI AF Giannelli, RA Ritchie, BG Applegate, JM Beck, E Beck, J Vanderpool, AO Morris, CL Rahwool-Sullivan, M Jones, MK Ransome, RD Yadav, M Watson, DL Oganesjan, KO Pasyuk, EA Guber, FF Reshetin, AI TI Multiproton final states in positive pion absorption below the Delta(1232) resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; DELTA-RESONANCE; HEAVY-NUCLEI; HE-3; EMISSION; REGION; O-16; C-12 AB Inclusive cross sections for positive pion absorption leading to final states including two or more protons have been measured with a large solid angle detector for incident pion energies from 30 to 135 MeV for targets with A=2-208. The mass dependences for the inclusive ( pi(+),2p), ( pi(+),3p), and total absorption cross sections for multiproton final states were found to be proportional to A(n) with n approximate to 0.5. These cross sections also were observed to have an energy dependence at energies below 150 MeV reflective of the importance of the Delta(1232) resonance, similar to that observed for pi d-->pp. The inclusive cross sections for ( pi(+),4p) were found to be less than 10 mb for all targets at all energies. Estimates were also obtained for cross sections for pion absorption leading to 2p 1n and 3p 1n final states. Quasideuteron absorption contributions increase slowly with A, and the energy dependence of those contributions mirrors that for pi d-->pp. The data obtained here for multiproton final states indicate that a significant fraction of absorption events, increasing with A, most likely arises from final states containing fewer than two protons. C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ York, York YO10 5DAD, N Yorkshire, England. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. RP Giannelli, RA (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013 OI Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2000 VL 61 IS 5 AR 054615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.61.054615 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 312QB UT WOS:000086953000036 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Ganguly, BN AF Williamson, JM Ganguly, BN TI Hydrogen dissociation in a H-2-N-2 pulsed dc glow discharge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID N-2-H-2 FLOWING DISCHARGES; CONSISTENT KINETIC-MODEL; VIBRATIONAL KINETICS; DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SURFACE PROCESSES; POSITIVE-COLUMN; GAS-MIXTURES; ELECTRON; PLASMA AB The absolute concentration of hydrogen atoms is measured in the positve column of a pulsed de discharge by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence in H-2 and H-2-N-2 gas mixtures at constant pressure and current. The discharge pulse duration is varied from 10 mu sec to 1 msec. For shorter pulse durations of 10 and 100 mu sec, the H-atom signal decreased monotonically with Hz concentration; for longer pulse durations of greater than or equal to 500 mu sec, the fractional dissociation of the H-2 is enhanced with increasing N-2 concentration. The change in H-atom production from direct electron impact dissociation of H-2 at short times compared to that from multiquantum vibrational energy transfer induced dissociation of H-2 at long times is determined from temporally resolved H-atom concentration measurements. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2000 VL 61 IS 5 BP 5734 EP 5742 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.5734 PN B PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 314RK UT WOS:000087071200041 ER PT J AU Ham, BS Hemmer, PR AF Ham, BS Hemmer, PR TI Coherence switching in a four-level system: Quantum switching SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; PHASE-CONJUGATION; INTERFERENCE; CRYSTAL; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION; PR3+Y2SIO5 AB Dark resonance switching among three-laser interactions in a Four-level system is observed by using an enhanced nondegenerate four-wave mixing technique. This coherence switching mechanism is based on simultaneous suppression and enhancement of two-photon absorption and has a novel application to high-speed optical switches. C1 Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Telecommun Basic Res Lab, Daejun 305350, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Ham, BS (reprint author), Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Telecommun Basic Res Lab, Daejun 305350, South Korea. NR 29 TC 142 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 18 BP 4080 EP 4083 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4080 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 309YN UT WOS:000086797300016 ER PT J AU Cartwright, KL Christenson, PJ Verboncoeur, JP Birdsall, CK AF Cartwright, KL Christenson, PJ Verboncoeur, JP Birdsall, CK TI Surface wave enhanced collisionless transport in a bounded crossed-field non-neutral plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID MAGNETICALLY INSULATED DIODE; ELECTRON FLOW; GAP; INSTABILITY; STABILITY AB Electron transport across the magnetic field in a cutoff planar smooth-bore diode is described on the basis of surface waves perpendicular to the magnetic field and along the cathode. A self-consistent (two spatial dimensions and three velocity components) electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of a crossed-field diode produces a near-Brillouin flow which slowly expands across the diode, punctuated by sudden transport across the diode. The theory of slow transport across the diode is explained by the addition of perturbed orbits to the Brillouin shear flow motion of the plasma in the diode. The wave results from the sheared flow instability, so that a definite mechanism behind the surface waves is established. The growth and wavelength of this wave are compared to PIC simulations. A slow drift compared to the shear flow is described which results from an electrostatic ponderomotive-like force in a dc external magnetic field. The slow drift obtained from single particle motion compares well to the expansion of the hub in PIC simulations. The slow expansion of the Brillouin hub leads to configurations that are not stable and quickly decay via a large transport of charge to the anode. Both the slow transport of electrons and current spikes have been observed in experiments. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)91105-4]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Res Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cartwright, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1740 EP 1745 DI 10.1063/1.873993 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 304XZ UT WOS:000086511000015 ER PT J AU Tomme, EB Annaratone, BM Allen, JE AF Tomme, EB Annaratone, BM Allen, JE TI Damped dust oscillations as a plasma sheath diagnostic SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; COLLISIONS; DISCHARGES; LEVITATION; CHARGE AB Dust can be suspended in a plasma sheath under certain conditions. An analysis of the dust trajectory as it approaches its equilibrium suspension height can provide a description of the spatial variation of the potential in the sheath. We describe an experiment in which we track such trajectories and calculate their oscillation frequencies, equilibrium heights and damping constants. These three measured parameters are then interpreted in such a manner as to reveal the neutral drag force on the dust and the curvature of the sheath electric potential in which the dust moves. We then calculate the charge on the dust particles suspended in the plasma sheath. We also show that, to a high degree of accuracy, the sheath potential predicted by several numerical models in the literature as well as by our experimental results is parabolic, i.e. the sheath field is quite linear. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. RP Tomme, EB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. NR 30 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 9 IS 2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/9/2/301 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 317FC UT WOS:000087214500001 ER PT J AU Hsiao, BS White, H Rafailovich, M Mather, PT Jeon, HG Phillips, S Lichtenhan, J Schwab, J AF Hsiao, BS White, H Rafailovich, M Mather, PT Jeon, HG Phillips, S Lichtenhan, J Schwab, J TI Nanoscale reinforcement of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) in polyurethane elastomer SO POLYMER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Garcia MRSEC University/Industry Workshop CY OCT 25-27, 1998 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Natl Sci Fdn, Cameca Instruments Inc, Sympol Technologies, Collaborative Grp Ltd, Olympus Amer Inc HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB DE polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; POSS; polyurethane; nanocomposites; WAXD; SAXS; microphase separation ID SILOXANE COPOLYMERS; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; HYBRID MATERIALS; POLYMERS AB A unique class of polyurethane (PU) elastomer containing inorganic molecules (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, POSS) as molecular reinforcement in the hard segment was investigated by means of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. WAXD results indicate that POSS molecules form nanoscale crystals showing distinct reflection peaks. The formation of POSS crystals is probably prompted by the microphase separation between solid-like hard segments and rubbery soft segments in PU, The microphase separation of hard and soft segments was observed by SAXS, which shows a long period of 111 Angstrom for 34wt% POSS-PU and 162 Angstrom for 21 w% POSS-PU, and hard segment domains with sizes of about 34 Angstrom for both of them. WAXD results from a series of POSS compounds with a corner substituted by a functional group of varying length were compared with POSS-PU, which also confirms the presence of nanoscale POSS crystals in the polymer matrix. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Systran Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Hybrid Plast, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. RP White, H (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 18 TC 124 Z9 130 U1 5 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0959-8103 J9 POLYM INT JI Polym. Int. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 49 IS 5 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(200005)49:5<437::AID-PI239>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 314CG UT WOS:000087036200004 ER PT J AU Jeon, HG Mather, PT Haddad, TS AF Jeon, HG Mather, PT Haddad, TS TI Shape memory and nanostructure in poly(norbornyl-POSS) copolymers SO POLYMER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Garcia MRSEC University/Industry Workshop CY OCT 25-27, 1998 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Natl Sci Fdn, Cameca Instruments Inc, Sympol Technologies, Collaborative Grp Ltd, Olympus Amer Inc HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB DE shape-memory polymer; POSS; polynorbornene; nanocomposite ID POLYURETHANES; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB The microstructure and shape-memory properties of norbornyl-POSS hybrid copolymers having either cyclohexyl corner groups (CyPOSS) or cyclopentyl corner groups (CpPOSS) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and thermomechanical analysis. Here, BOSS refers to the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane macromer. Samples containing 50wt% of BOSS macromer have been mechanically drawn at temperatures above their glass transition temperatures, followed by rapid quenching in LN2 Shape-memory properties of such drawn samples were explored by measuring recovered strain while heating above the T-g using thermomechanical analysis. Incorporation of BOSS comonomers within PN is found to slightly reduce the percentage recovery, while improving thermal stability significantly, Interestingly, the types of corner groups in the BOSS macromer affect the shape-memory behaviour, with the CyPOSS copolymer showing lower percentage recovery than the CpPOSS copolymer due to enhanced aggregation of CyPOSS macromers. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Systran Corp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab,Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Raytheon STX, AFRL, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Jeon, HG (reprint author), Systran Corp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL, MLBP, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 4 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0959-8103 J9 POLYM INT JI Polym. Int. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 49 IS 5 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(200005)49:5<453::AID-PI332>3.3.CO;2-8 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 314CG UT WOS:000087036200008 ER PT J AU Tsang, L Chen, CT Chang, ATC Guo, JJ Ding, KH AF Tsang, L Chen, CT Chang, ATC Guo, JJ Ding, KH TI Dense media radiative transfer theory based on quasicrystalline approximation with applications to passive microwave remote sensing of snow SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; PAIR DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; EXTINCTION RATE; PARTICLES; MODEL AB Dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) equations based on quasicrystalline approximation (QCA) for densely distributed moderate size particles are developed. We first compute the effective propagation constant and coherent transmission into a dense medium on the basis of the generalized Lorentz-Lorenz law and the generalized Ewald-Oseen extinction theorem. The absorption coefficient of the dense media is then calculated. The distorted Born approximation is next applied to a thin layer to determine the bistatic scattering coefficients and the scattering coefficient. The phase matrix in DMRT is then obtained as bistatic scattering coefficient per unit volume. The model is applied to multiple sizes and for sticky particles. Numerical results are illustrated for extinction and brightness temperatures in passive remote sensing using typical parameters in snow terrain. The QCA-based DMRT is also used to compare with satellite Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures for four channels at 19 and 37 GHz with vertical and horizontal polarizations and for two snow seasons. It shows reasonable agreement to snow depth of 1 m. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate,SNHE,Electromagnet Technol Di, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tsang, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 15 TC 105 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 731 EP 749 DI 10.1029/1999RS002270 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 320AB UT WOS:000087377700007 ER PT J AU Brenner, ML Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Nusser, CA Sanders, TC Howard, RF Meier, P AF Brenner, ML Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Nusser, CA Sanders, TC Howard, RF Meier, P TI Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder: Is exercise prior to imaging beneficial or detrimental? SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 86th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America (RSNA) CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2000 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE magnetic resonance (MR), arthrography; shoulder, arthrography; shoulder, injuries; shoulder, MR ID LABRAL-LIGAMENTOUS COMPLEX; ROTATOR CUFF; GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY; EXTERNAL ROTATION; TEARS; ABDUCTION; CT AB PURPOSE: To define the beneficial and detrimental effects of adding exercise to direct magnetic resonance (MR) shoulder arthrography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Direct, intraarticular, gadolinium arthrography of the shoulder was performed in 41 patients, who underwent 1.5-T MR imaging before and after 1 minute of arm swinging. Fourteen milliliters of dilute gadolinium solution was injected. Two readers blinded to exercise independently graded the randomly distributed images with a five-point scale for capsular contrast material resorption; extraarticular contrast material leakage; rotator cuff, glenoid labrum, and anterior capsule conspicuity; and partial-thickness or full-thickness rotator cuff tear and labral tear detectability. The sign test was performed to evaluate the significance of differences between preexercise and postexercise grading for each reader. A second review was performed, with direct side-by-side comparison of preexercise and postexercise images. RESULTS: There was evidence of increased capsular resorption after exercise but no alteration in the depiction of the rotator cuff tendons or glenoid labrum. There was no significant extraarticular contrast material leakage after exercise and no alteration in depiction of the anterior capsule. There was no difference in the detectability of rotator cuff or labral tears. CONCLUSION: Exercise with direct shoulder MR arthrography has no beneficial or detrimental effect on image quality or on the depiction of rotator cuff or labral tears. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 10th Med Grp Hosp, USAF Acad, Dept Radiol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Morrison, WB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD MAY PY 2000 VL 215 IS 2 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 306CG UT WOS:000086578500028 PM 10796930 ER PT J AU Weinstock, H AF Weinstock, H TI Superconductivity in the USA SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity CY SEP 14-17, 1999 CL SITGES, SPAIN AB This review presents a summary and explanation of US government funding for superconductivity over the past decade. It further describes unique federal programmes that are designed to stimulate industrial productivity in new technologies and that have accounted for unspecified amounts of additional R&D funding for superconductivity to commercial enterprises. Finally, several examples are given of major government programmes, of industrial programmes and of one rather large university programme. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Weinstock, H (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 801 N Randolph St,Room 732, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 464 EP 467 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/13/5/306 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 322HL UT WOS:000087504100008 ER PT J AU York, GB Robertson, FM Cofer, BR Bomalaski, MD Lynch, SC AF York, GB Robertson, FM Cofer, BR Bomalaski, MD Lynch, SC TI Laparoscopic nephrectomy in children SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY-ULTRASOUND AND INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE children; laparoscopic nephrectomy; laparoscopy; nephrectomy; pediatric surgery ID INITIAL CASE-REPORT AB Background: Laparoscopic nephrectomy in the adult population is reported with increased frequency. We present our initial experience with laparoscopic nephrectomy in children. Methods: Over a 2-year period, 11 nephrectomies were per formed in nine children aged 16 months to 16 years (mean, 6.5 years). All patients were referred due to complications of a nonfunctioning kidney. Seven patients had recurrent urinary tract infections, and two had refractory hypertension. Two patients underwent bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy. The operation was performed using four access ports measuring 3.5 to 10 mm. Results: All kidneys were removed successfully using a laparoscopic technique. The average length of the operation was 163 min per kidney (range, 90-420). The estimated blood loss was <10-150 mi (mean, 45). No patient required transfusion. Seven patients were discharged home by postoperative day 2. The two patients with the longest operating times were discharged home on postoperative days 4 and 5 due to delay in return of bowel function. Narcotic use was minimal, and all patients enjoyed a rapid return to full activity. Conclusion: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a viable alternative to open nephrectomy in children. Further experience with this technique is required to establish its efficacy and reduce the operating time. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, MMKG, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Pediat Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Pediat Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP York, GB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, MMKG, 59 MDW ,220 Bergquist Sr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC-ULTRAS JI Surg. Endosc.-Ultrason. Interv. Tech. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s004640000081 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 364PL UT WOS:000089900700013 PM 10858474 ER PT J AU Washington, DA AF Washington, DA TI Writer's international guide to book editors, publishers, and literary agents SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Writing Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Washington, DA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Writing Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 NORTH STUART ST, STE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN JI Tech. Commun. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2 BP 250 EP 251 PG 2 WC Communication SC Communication GA 314AL UT WOS:000087031900024 ER PT J AU Banfield, CM Morrison, WB AF Banfield, CM Morrison, WB TI Magnetic resonance arthrography of the canine stifle joint: Technique and applications in eleven military dogs SO VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND LA English DT Article DE canine; stifle; magnetic resonance imaging; arthrography ID CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; KNEE; RUPTURE; CARTILAGE; DISORDERS; INJURIES; DTPA AB The stifle joints of eleven military working dogs mere evaluated using conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography. A protocol optimizing MR imaging of the canine stifle joint is discussed, as well as potential uses for administration of intra-articular gadotinium. The technique for performing MR arthrography is described, and post-contrast image findings are reviewed. MR arthrography was performed by using an intra-articular injection of diluted gadolinium, Consistently good quality images were obtained, and no complications were clinically detected following MR arthrography. Cranial cruciate ligament abnormalities were seen in six dogs, meniseal abnormalities were visualized in nine menisci, and synovitis and medial ligament strain mere seen in eight dogs. Surgical and post-mortem confirmation of these findings is discussed in seven dogs. Although MR arthrography adds an invasive procedure to conventional MR imaging, it can provide useful information on pathologic changes in the canine stifle joint. C1 Dept Def Mil Working Dog Vet Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Banfield, CM (reprint author), 64th Med Detachment VS,Unit 23135, APO, AE 09227 USA. NR 45 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY RADIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 2520 BEECHRIDGE RD, RALEIGH, NC 27608 USA SN 1058-8183 J9 VET RADIOL ULTRASOUN JI Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 3 BP 200 EP 213 DI 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01479.x PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 319JV UT WOS:000087338500001 PM 10850868 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Winick, J Snell, HE AF Miller, SM Winick, J Snell, HE TI Non-LTE effects on retrieval of temperature from the CO2 laser bands using CIRRIS 1A data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; INFRARED RADIANCE INSTRUMENTATION; TERRESTRIAL MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; 4.3 MU-M; LIMB RADIANCE; RADIATIVE EXCITATION; MESOSPHERIC OZONE; EMISSION; MODEL; O-3 AB It is well known that in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, the CO2 laser band (00011 - 10001) transitions are populated by both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE mechanisms. Examination of infrared (IR) limb emission measurements from the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS IA) experiment clearly illustrates this effect. The presence of non-LTE emissions, if left unaccounted for, will severely degrade the retrieval of kinetic temperature profiles. We have applied a non-LTE compensation technique whereby the non-LTE component is modeled and the resulting non-LTE radiance is subtracted from the measured radiances. The kinetic temperature profile is then retrieved utilizing the modified data. As a means of validating this approach, we have compared the resulting temperature profiles to ones retrieved using the 792 cm(-1) Q branch of CO2, the (11101 - 10002) transition, which is not significantly affected by non-LTE excitation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM miller@plh.af.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D8 BP 10193 EP 10202 DI 10.1029/1999JD901111 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307ND UT WOS:000086658600030 ER PT J AU Sogoshi, N Kato, Y Wakabayashi, T Momose, T Tam, S DeRose, ME Fajardo, ME AF Sogoshi, N Kato, Y Wakabayashi, T Momose, T Tam, S DeRose, ME Fajardo, ME TI High-resolution infrared absorption spectroscopy of C-60 molecules and clusters in parahydrogen solids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID C60 BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CARBON NANOTUBES; CRYSTALLINE C-60; VAPOR-PRESSURE; RAMAN-SPECTRA; SPECIAL ISSUE; PHASE; C-70 AB We report the isolation of C-60 molecules in cryogenic parahydrogen (pH(2)) solids by the rapid vapor deposition method. New theoretical simulations of rovibrational spectra for low-temperature isolated C-12(60) molecules, including boson-exchange symmetry restrictions on the rotational levels, predict a characteristic "null gap" and unequal rotational line spacings for low-J values. High-resolution IR absorption spectra of the C-60/pH(2) samples failed to show rotationally resolved features, and in fact suggest that the majority of the C-60 molecules are not rotating. However, spectra of the F-1u(1) vibrational mode near 530 cm(-1) show line widths of approximate to 0.2 cm(-1) fwhm, the sharpest IR absorption bands for C-60 reported to date. Visible absorption spectra also show sharp features in the approximate to 600 nm region, supporting our contention of well-isolated C-60 molecules. The C-60 molecules appear to stabilize the pH(2) solid, inhibiting the fee to hcp conversion which usually occurs upon annealing of rapid vapor deposited pH(2) solids to T approximate to 5 K. We also report surprisingly strong C-60-induced IR activity in the pH(2) solid, and propose this phenomenon as a diagnostic for H-2 molecules adsorbed by carbon nanotubes, C-60/pH(2) samples grown in an enclosed cell by laser ablation of solid C-60 appear to contain predominantly (C-60)(n) clusters; these clusters are too small to exhibit "bulk" vibrational or electronic properties, as determined by IR and UV/visible absorption spectroscopies. Future experiments to disentangle the contributions of C-13 isotopic substitution, pH(2) matrix effects, and the putative hindered rotation of C-60 molecules to the observed C-60/pH(2) IR line shapes are presently under consideration. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, JST, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM momose@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp; mario_fajardo@ple.af.mit RI Sogoshi, Norihito/A-8403-2008 OI Sogoshi, Norihito/0000-0001-6507-0606 NR 63 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 16 BP 3733 EP 3742 DI 10.1021/jp9938718 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 329GZ UT WOS:000087900400035 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Liu, HL AF Matson, CL Liu, HL TI Resolved object imaging and localization with the use of a backpropagation algorithm SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-DENSITY WAVES; TURBID MEDIA; OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; TUMOR-LOCALIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION AB Optical diffusion tomography is an emerging technology that generates images of objects imbedded in turbid media using scattered light. To date, however, most demonstrations of this technology use a sphere or a collection of spheres as the imbedded object. Here we use a backpropagation algorithm and a planar geometry to reconstruct images of resolved objects (airplane models) imbedded in tissue phantoms. In addition, we show that we can locate the resolved objects in three dimensions in the turbid medium using only a single planar view. The imaging system uses diffuse photon density waves produced using kilohertz modulation (that is, essentially dc illumination). (C)2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 24 PY 2000 VL 6 IS 9 BP 168 EP 174 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 309TY UT WOS:000086786400001 PM 19404348 ER PT J AU Angel, R Fugate, B AF Angel, R Fugate, B TI Astronomy - Adaptive optics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LASER GUIDE-STAR; SODIUM C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Angel, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 21 PY 2000 VL 288 IS 5465 BP 455 EP 456 DI 10.1126/science.288.5465.455 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 306YJ UT WOS:000086626000028 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW McAllister, AH Cane, HV AF Kahler, SW McAllister, AH Cane, HV TI A search for interplanetary energetic particle events from solar posteruptive arcades SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; WIND SPACECRAFT DATA; POST-FLARE LOOPS; GAMMA-RAY FLARE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PROTON EVENTS; JUNE 15; ACCELERATION; ULYSSES; SHOCKS AB While the E >10 MeV ions observed in gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events in space are attributed to acceleration at shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), it has been suggested that such SEPs may also be produced in the magnetic reconnection of coronal arcades following CMEs. The arcade SEPs could escape the corona along open field lines and provide additional contributions to observed gradual SEP events. We searched for SEP events associated with large, bright solar soft X-ray arcades and intense metric noise storms in the western hemisphere, which should be favorable for the production of arcade SEP events observed at 1 AU. Five arcades/storms were possibly or definitely associated with IMP-8 24-28 MeV proton increases, but the latter appear to be shock accelerated. We also found 30 arcades (14 in active regions and 16 outside active regions) with no detectable SEP increases, suggesting that those arcades were not sources of escaping SEPs. This result provides evidence against the possibility of coronal arcade contributions to gradual SEP events. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Helio Res, La Crescenta, CA 91214 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 533 IS 2 BP 1063 EP 1070 DI 10.1086/308680 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313GA UT WOS:000086990900041 ER PT J AU Harris, MD AF Harris, MD TI Use of intravenous colchicine in patients with acute gout - In reply SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Harris, MD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 8 BP 2343 EP 2344 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 307UW UT WOS:000086673400008 ER PT J AU Debray, P Raichev, OE Vasilopoulos, P Rahman, M Perrin, R Mitchell, WC AF Debray, P Raichev, OE Vasilopoulos, P Rahman, M Perrin, R Mitchell, WC TI Ballistic electron transport in stubbed quantum waveguides: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WEAK MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BOUND-STATES; WAVE-GUIDES; TRANSMISSION; TRANSISTOR; INTERFERENCE; SHAPE; WIRES AB We present results of experimental and theoretical investigations of electron transport through stub-shaped waveguides or electron stub tuners (ESTs) in the ballistic regime. Measurements of the conductance G as a function of voltages, applied to different gates V-i (i = bottom, top, and side) of the device, show oscillations in the region of the first quantized plateau that we attribute to reflection resonances. The oscillations are rather regular and almost periodic when the height h of the EST cavity is small compared to its width. When h is increased, the oscillations become less regular and broad depressions in G appear. A theoretical analysis, which accounts for the electrostatic potential formed by the gates in the cavity region, and a numerical computation of the transmission probabilities successfully explains the experimental observations. An important finding for real devices, defined by surface Schottky gates, is that the resonance minima result from size quantization along the transport direction of the EST. C1 CEA, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. Concordia Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Debray, P (reprint author), CEA, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM debray@trecam.saclay.cea.fr; zinovi@lab2.kiev.ua; takis@boltzmann.concordia.ca NR 26 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 16 BP 10950 EP 10958 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.10950 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 309EP UT WOS:000086755600059 ER PT J AU Durning, S Cation, L AF Durning, S Cation, L TI The educational value of autopsy in a residency training program SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Historically, the autopsy has been an indispensable educational tool. Over the past several decades, however, the national autopsy rate has declined and the educational role of autopsy in modern medicine is being questioned. Objective: To assess the educational value of autopsy attendance in an internal medicine residency program. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all autopsies performed on the general internal medicine teaching service between October 1996 and September 1998. Premortem and postmortem diagnoses were determined and compared and attending physician surveys were reviewed. Results: Eighty-eight deaths occurred during the study period. Twenty-nine (33%) patients underwent autopsy. All autopsies were observed by the primary team and the attending physician completed an autopsy survey on each patient. An unexpected pathological diagnosis directly contributing to death was detected in 10 (34%) patients at autopsy. Additional unexpected pathological diagnoses were discovered in 23 (79%) cases. Attending physician surveys revealed that all 10 unexpected diagnoses contributing to death were observed by the primary team at the time of autopsy. Autopsy attendance was rated as a valuable educational experience in 27 cases (93%). Conclusion: Autopsy is a valuable educational tool and autopsy attendance should remain an integral part of internal medicine residency training. C1 USAF, Dept Internal Med, Med Grp 74, SGOMI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Durning, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Internal Med, Med Grp 74, SGOMI, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 160 IS 7 BP 997 EP 999 DI 10.1001/archinte.160.7.997 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300JE UT WOS:000086249200015 PM 10761965 ER PT J AU Huang, D Lyo, SK AF Huang, D Lyo, SK TI Suppression of impurity and interface-roughness back-scattering in double quantum wires: theory beyond the Born approximation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB The effect of higher-order corrections to the Born approximation is studied for the previously obtained giant conductance enhancement in tunnel-coupled double quantum wires in a magnetic field by including both impurity and interface-roughness scattering. The enhancement is caused by an abrupt suppression of back-scattering of electrons which occurs when the chemical potential is in the anticrossing gap of the ground tunnel-split doubler. The calculated conductance enhancement is large, and the relative higher-order correction to the enhancement is found to be significant for long-range scattering potentials. However, this relative higher-order correction will be reduced as the range of scattering potentials becomes small. The correction depends on various effects, such as the magnetic field, electron and impurity densities, impurity positions, symmetric and asymmetric doping profiles, centre barrier thickness, and degree of interface roughness. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Huang, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 14 BP 3383 EP 3396 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/12/14/314 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 308FZ UT WOS:000086701000014 ER PT J AU Benedek, R Alavi, A Seidman, DN Yang, LH Muller, DA Woodward, C AF Benedek, R Alavi, A Seidman, DN Yang, LH Muller, DA Woodward, C TI First principles simulation of a ceramic/metal interface with misfit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROPHASE INTERFACES AB The relaxed atomic structure of a model ceramic/metal interface, (222)MgO/Cu, is simulated, including lattice: constant mismatch, using first principles local-density functional Cheery plane wave pseudopotential methods. The 399-atom computational unit. cell contains 36 O and 49 Cu atoms, per layer in accordance with the 7/6 ratio of MgO to Cu lattice constants. The atomic layers on both sides of the interface warp to optimize the local bonding. The interface: adhesive energy is calculated. The interface electronic structure is found to vary appreciably with the local environment. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat Res Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Muller, David/A-7745-2010 OI Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473 NR 18 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 15 BP 3362 EP 3365 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3362 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 303DA UT WOS:000086404500037 ER PT J AU Schmisseur, JD Collicott, SH Schneider, SP AF Schmisseur, JD Collicott, SH Schneider, SP TI Laser-generated localized freestream perturbations in supersonic and hypersonic flows SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 20th Advanced Measurement and Ground Testing Technology Conference CY JUN 15-18, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN; MU-M; GASES AB An optical method far generating localized, controlled perturbations has been developed for use in supersonic and hypersonic flowfields. The thermal spot disturbance is generated when the pulsed beam from a laser is focused at the desired origin and a small region of the gas is ionized. After recombination, the thermal spot persists as a region of heated gas that convects with the local flow velocity. The perturbation is approximately spherical and several millimeters in diameter, with the size dependent on the flea density. Optimal formation of the perturbation is achieved with large-F-number focusing systems. To date, the disturbance has been used as a freestream perturbation for supersonic receptivity experiments as well as forward-facing cavity and blunt-body shock oscillation studies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Schmisseur, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 666 EP 671 DI 10.2514/2.1008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 299YH UT WOS:000086225700013 ER PT J AU Dix, J Skrocki, J AF Dix, J Skrocki, J TI Evaluation of carotid stenosis by angiography: Potential bias toward overestimated measurements introduced by prior interpretation of Doppler sonograms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTERY STENOSIS; ENDARTERECTOMY AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries is routinely performed before catheter angiography, and its results may bias the subsequent interpretation of angiograms. We attempt to establish that Doppler sonography may show an exagerrated degree of carotid stenosis, introducing bias to the evaluation of carotid stenosis by subsequent catheter angiography. METHODS: Angiograms of the carotid arteries obtained to evaluate potential carotid stenosis in patients who had undergone Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries were retrospectively reviewed (from 1993 to 1998). Readers who were blinded to the previous interpretations of the angiography and Doppler sonography results measured carotid stenosis. The results of Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries were not re-evaluated. Based on the original Doppler sonograms, stenoses were categorized as normal/mild (<30%), moderate (30-59%), severe (60-79%), and critical (80-99%), Within these categories, the differences between the original percent stenosis, as determined by angiography, and the blinded measurements were determined. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients with angiographically measurable stenoses in 128 vessels were identified. The difference between the blinded readers was 3% (+/-8%), with no category statistically different from the other. The difference between original and remeasured stenoses in carotid arteries in the Doppler categories were as follows: mild stenosis, 2% (+/-9%); moderate stenosis, 6% (+/-15%); severe stenosis, 8% (+/-15%); and critical stenosis, 22% (+/-12%). A significant overestimation occurred in the severe (P < .05) and critical (P < .0001) stenosis categories. One third of patients with stenoses in the severe or critical Doppler category had significant stenoses on the original angiograms that were less than 60%, according to blinded remeasurement. CONCLUSION: Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries has the potential to bias the subsequent interpretation of catheter angiography. Care must be taken to measure stenosis accurately, using strict criteria to determine the potential benefit of carotid endarterectomy for the individual patient and to ensure that the criteria for Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries are based on accurate catheter angiography measurements. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Radiol SGSX, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Dix, J (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Radiol SGSX, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 305EP UT WOS:000086526700006 PM 10782771 ER PT J AU Rollwagen, FM Li, YY Pacheco, ND Dick, EJ Kang, YH AF Rollwagen, FM Li, YY Pacheco, ND Dick, EJ Kang, YH TI Microvascular effects of oral interleukin-6 on ischemia/reperfusion in the murine small intestine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN BLOOD; PERMEABILITY; ENDOTOXIN; INJURY; ISCHEMIA; IL-6; ALLEVIATION; MECHANISMS AB Oral administration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to reduce hemorrhage-induced bacterial translocation from the gut in mice and rats. To examine the intestinal microvasculature, mice were given the electron-dense tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after hemorrhage and IL-6 or vehicle administration, In normal mice and in those hemorrhaged and given IL-6, the electron-dense marker, administered intravenously, could be found in intestinal capillaries and between mucosal epithelial cells, suggesting that the microvasculature was patent, In mice given saline after shock, however, no marker was present in the gut, suggesting that the intestinal microvasculature was unable to deliver the marker to the epithelia When mice were given HRP intralumenally (il) the tracer was able to penetrate between intestinal epithelial cells only in mice given vehicle after hemorrhage. This finding suggests that hemorrhaged mice were susceptible to sepsis and endotoxic shock from the leaky gut. In normal and IL-6-treated mice, the tracer was unable to pass from the lumen between mucosal epithelial cells, because the presence of an intact zonula occludens prevented passage. Functional studies supported the electron microscopy findings. Bacteria were cultured from the livers of mice fed vehicle after hemorrhage, but not from those fed IL-6. These data support the conclusions that parts of the intestinal microvasculature remain diminished after hemorrhage and resuscitation and that oral IL-6 restores this circulation. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Resuscitat Med Program, Bethesda, MD USA. USAF, Comparat Pathol HEDV, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Pathobiol Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rollwagen, FM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 156 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64987-5 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 303GJ UT WOS:000086413900009 PM 10751342 ER PT J AU Snedecor, MR Boudreau, CF Ellis, BE Schulman, J Hite, M Chambers, B AF Snedecor, MR Boudreau, CF Ellis, BE Schulman, J Hite, M Chambers, B TI US Air Force recruit injury and health study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military personnel; wounds and injuries; women ID STATES MARINE RECRUITS; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; DESERT-STORM; STRESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SYMPTOMS AB Objectives: To assess the types, rates, and risks of injury for male and female USAF recruits. Design: Outpatient visits for female (5250) and male recruits (8656) were collected and anal, zed for rate of injury, types of injuries, and risk of injury throughout a G-week training period. Results: One third of female recruits and one sixth of male recruits were injured at least once during recruit training. The overall rate for injuries in women and men was 63.0 and 27.8 per 1000 person-weeks, respectively. The adjusted relative risk for women versus men for all injuries was 2.22 and was consistent (1.67 to 3.27) across injury sites. Despite declining, absolute rates of injury by week (106.1-13.4 for women and 53.1-13.2 for men), relative risk of injury for women versus men remained fairly constant throughout each training week. The relative risk for injury serious enough to result in medical hold was 1.69 for women vis-a-vis men. Approximately half of all medical discharges for women and men were for injuries. Conclusions: Female recruits were injured twice as often as male recruits, and were 1.5 times more likely to be removed from their training cohort for injury. Relative risk for injuries to specific body areas remained fairly consistent, indicating that no gender-specific injuries were occurring. Further efforts to determine the cause of injuries should be undertaken, and interventions aimed at reducing the disparate risk of injuries in women should be developed and evaluated. C1 USAF, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv Assessment, AFMOA, SGOH, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, SRA, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Snedecor, MR (reprint author), USAF, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv Assessment, AFMOA, SGOH, 2602 Doolittle Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00109-4 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200017 PM 10736549 ER PT J AU Cohen, MJ Stanczak, DE AF Cohen, MJ Stanczak, DE TI On the reliability, validity, and cognitive structure of the Thurstone Word Fluency Test SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; neuropsychological testing; Thurstone Word Fluency Test; cognitive functions; psychometry ID UTILITY; LOBE AB The Thurstone Word Fluency Test (TWFT) is a widely used neuropsychological instrument. However, data regarding its psychometric properties are lacking. The results of the present study suggest that the TWFT possesses excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability, in addition to good construct validity. However, its criterion validity is limited by its lack of specificity and sensitivity; The present study also suggests that the TWFT is a complex cognitive task, and that successful TWFT performance depends upon a constellation of cognitive abilities, including attention/concentration psychomotor speed, and memory. Finally, the relationship between verbal re and TWFT letter association value was examined While the TWFT appears to be useful in detecting The presence of cerebral dysfunction, it is of less value in localizing such dysfunction. It is argued that the TWFT should not be used as a neuropsychological screening instrument, but rather, is best used within the context of a thorough neuropsychological examination. (C) 2000 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Psychol Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Stanczak, DE (reprint author), MMCNB, Psychol Res Serv, 59th Med Wing,MMCNB,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0887-6177(99)00017-7 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 288UF UT WOS:000085582300006 PM 14590553 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Tirman, PFJ Feller, JF Genant, HK AF Sanders, TG Tirman, PFJ Feller, JF Genant, HK TI Association of intramuscular cysts of the rotator cuff with tears of the rotator cuff: Magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical significance SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE rotator cuff; cyst; magnetic resonance imaging; arthroscopy; trauma ID SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE ENTRAPMENT AB Cystic lesions that arise adjacent to the shoulder have been reported in association with labral tears or as an unusual manifestation of massive rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between intramuscular cysts of the rotator cuff and tears of the rotator cuff Thirteen cases of intramuscular cysts of the rotator cuff were identified on magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder and analyzed retrospectively along with the clinical data. Surgical findings were retrospectively reviewed in 5 patients who underwent follow-up arthroscopy. This series shows that intramuscular cysts of the rotator cuff are associated with small, full-thickness tears or partial undersurface tears of the rotator cuff. These cysts are easily identified on T2-weighted sequences and, when present, should always prompt a thorough search for associated rotator rub pathology. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Francisco Magnet Resonance Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Desert Orthoped Ctr, Rancho Mirage, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS-MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,STE 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0749-8063(00)90045-8 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 300MB UT WOS:000086255800003 PM 10750001 ER PT J AU Smith, N Egan, MP Carey, S Price, SD Morse, JA Price, PA AF Smith, N Egan, MP Carey, S Price, SD Morse, JA Price, PA TI Large-scale structure of the Carina Nebula SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : individual (Carina Nebula); stars : formation ID ETA-CARINAE; STELLAR CONTENT; STARS; DUST; GAS AB Observations obtained with the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite reveal for the first time the complex mid-infrared morphology of the entire Carina Nebula (NGC 3372). On the largest size scale of similar to 100 pc, the thermal infrared emission from the giant H II region delineates one coherent structure: a (somewhat distorted) bipolar nebula with the major axis perpendicular to the Galactic plane. The Carina Nebula is usually described as an evolved H II region that is no longer actively forming stars, clearing away the last vestiges of its natal molecular cloud. However, the MSX observations presented here reveal numerous embedded infrared sources that are good candidates for sites of current star formation. Several compact infrared sources are located at the heads of dust pillars or in dark globules behind ionization fronts. Because their morphology suggests a strong interaction with the peculiar collection of massive stars in the nebula, we speculate that these new infrared sources may be sites of triggered star formation in NGC 3372. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Smith, N (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 532 IS 2 BP L145 EP L148 DI 10.1086/312578 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 304DZ UT WOS:000086468700016 ER PT J AU Hetrick, SM Gould, WD Christensen, DE AF Hetrick, SM Gould, WD Christensen, DE TI Inflight cabin ozone aboard long duration C-5 airlift missions: A historical issue revisited SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ozone; stratosphere; cabin air quality; C-5; environmental control system; respiratory epithelial cell; pulmonary macrophage; mucosal irritation; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; relative humidity; temperature; oxygen ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; EXPOSURE; PERSISTENCE; EXERCISE AB Background: Past research has shown that U.S. Air Force C-5 aircrews have been occasionally exposed to ambient, stratospheric ozone concentrations in excess of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ceiling and time-weighted average (TWA) standards. Although strategies such as steering around meteorological areas of high ozone concentrations or outfitting the C-5 with ventilation system modifications were recommended by past investigators, review has shown that such changes were not adopted. Informal interviews with current C-5 aircrews indicate mucosal dryness and irritation are routinely encountered during long duration flights. Such symptoms could be due to low humidity or perhaps, ozone-induced irritation. With the advent of miniaturized, highly accurate, electronic air quality monitoring equipment, a repeat study of cabin ozone was believed to be warranted to better clarify exposure risk and to look for other possible explanations for the encountered symptoms. Methods: A portable, electronic air quality monitor was used to monitor breathing zone cabin air during 47 h of flight. Ozone, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, temperature, and relative humidity were recorded for the duration. Ozone levels were corrected for altitude using a calibration curve derived by earlier, unpublished hypobaric chamber work. Results: Ozone levels were not found to exceed the FAA ceiling limit. Two flights had 3-h time-weighted average values that minimally exceeded FAA standards. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide levels were well below health effect threshold. Relative humidity reached a nadir of 3% and could well have explained symptoms of mucosal irritation. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that C-5 aircrews are exposed to relatively low concentrations of ozone. Review of the literature regarding observed short-term and long-term toxicity to low dose ozone exposure would indicate that no further operational or aircraft design action is required. C1 USAF, Inst Aerosp Med, Residency Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Hetrick, SM (reprint author), 354th MDG, Eielson AFB, AK 99702 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 4 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 297BH UT WOS:000086061300007 PM 10766466 ER PT J AU Endrizzi, J Seay, T AF Endrizzi, J Seay, T TI The relationship between early biochemical failure and perineural invasion in pathological T2 prostate cancer SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; perineural invasion; prognosis; PSA; recurrence; management ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; ADENOCARCINOMA; CARCINOMA; TUMOR AB Objectives To evaluate, in patients with pathologically localized prostate cancer, the relationship between early biochemical failure, i.e. an increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and perineural invasion (PNI) on final pathology. Patients and methods The records were reviewed of 171 patients with prostate cancer who underwent prostatectomy atone institution between January 1992 and December 1995. Data on the histology, therapy and PSA level were collected and evaluated. Results Of the 171 patients with pathologically localized (pT2) prostate cancer, 131 were evaluable; 17 (13%) had a detectable PSA level in the first 5 years after surgery and 63 had PNI in the pathological specimen. Of those with PSA recurrence, 24 had PNI, one had no PNI and in two there was no comment on PNI. In comparison, only 10 of the 17 patients with recurrence had a Gleason sum of greater than or equal to 7. Conclusion Perineural invasion seems to be an important predictor of early outcome in patients with organ-confined prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy. In this series it was the most sensitive predictor of biochemical failure. A more detailed pathological evaluation of prostate cancer may allow the clinician to provide closer surveillance and better informed clinical decision-making. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Endrizzi, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD APR PY 2000 VL 85 IS 6 BP 696 EP 698 DI 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00518.x PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 303VU UT WOS:000086446100021 PM 10759668 ER PT J AU Post, DL Calhoun, CS AF Post, DL Calhoun, CS TI Further evaluation of methods for producing desired colors on CRT monitors SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE characterization; color; colorimetry; CRT; display; modeling; monitor; predicting ID CALIBRATION; DISPLAYS AB Three experiments were performed to evaluate methods for predicting the luminances and chromaticity coordinates produced by color CRT monitors, given known inputs. Linear and logarithmic versions of PLCC and PLVC, plus Ber ns, Motta, and Gorzynski's power function, were tested. Estimates are provided for the number of CRT,measurement points needed to maximize each method's predictive accuracy. Correcting for dr,unintended light from the monitor is shown to improve accuracy substantially for a case involving a seemingly small amount of light. Berns et al.'s characterization technique, which involves measuring the,monitor's neutral point, is shown to yield the same accuracy as conventional characterization while reducing the number of measurements required, and to yield improved accuracy when correction for unintended light is needed but impractical. The accuracies of the predictive method's are compared and recommendations for their rise are provided, (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. RP Post, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECV, 2255 H St,Room 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD APR PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 90 EP 104 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6378(200004)25:2<90::AID-COL4>3.0.CO;2-S PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 285QU UT WOS:000085400400003 ER PT J AU Bass, T AF Bass, T TI Intrusion detection systems and multisensor data fusion SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Informat Ctr, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Bass, T (reprint author), USAF, Informat Ctr, Washington, DC 20330 USA. OI Bass, Tim/0000-0001-9368-6838 NR 12 TC 210 Z9 299 U1 4 U2 25 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD APR PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1145/332051.332079 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 299GK UT WOS:000086190300019 ER PT J AU De Rosa, RL Grant, JT Katsen, L Donley, M Bierwagen, GP AF De Rosa, RL Grant, JT Katsen, L Donley, M Bierwagen, GP TI Surface analysis of various methods of preparing Al 2024-T3 surfaces for painting SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE aluminum; Auger electron spectroscopy; phosphoric acid; scanning electron microscopy; surface analysis; surface pretreatment; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy AB A critical step in protecting aluminum alloys from corrosion is surface pretreatment. According to ASTM D- 1730, many combinations of acid, alkaline, or solvent cleanings may be used and regarded as acceptable methods for pretreatment of aluminum alloys before painting. Flexibility in controlling the steps in the standard has lead to a high number of pretreatments, many of which have not been studied fundamentally to understand their effects on corrosion protection. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study seven combinations of surface treatments on Al 2024-T3 (UNS A92024). It was found that phosphoric acid (H3PO4) treatment greatly affected the concentration of copper at the alloy surface. It also was found that polishing and acid treatment increased alloy deterioration. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Polymers & Coatings, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP De Rosa, RL (reprint author), Alfred Univ, New York State Coll Ceram, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD APR PY 2000 VL 56 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565DE UT WOS:000176352800007 ER PT J AU Young, RJ Gilson, RT Elston, DM AF Young, RJ Gilson, RT Elston, DM TI Generalized annular borderline tuberculoid leprosy and update in management of Hansen's disease SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB We describe a patient with widespread borderline tuberculoid leprosy and significant peripheral nerve involvement. Despite the presence of widespread lesions, Fite stains and polymerase chain reaction studies were initially negative. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy including recent changes in treatment regimens and duration. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHED, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 4 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 307YH UT WOS:000086681400007 PM 10795079 ER PT J AU Young, RJ Warschaw, KE Elston, DM Perry, VE AF Young, RJ Warschaw, KE Elston, DM Perry, VE TI Acral lipoblastoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID TUMORS AB Lipoblastomas are rare, benign childhood tumors. We report a case of lipoblastoma on the heel of a 5-year-old girl who presented with a progressively enlarging, xanthoerythematous plaque. Surgical excision with follow-up for possible recurrence is the treatment of choice. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dermatol Serv, MMID,Med Wing 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Perry, VE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dermatol Serv, MMID,Med Wing 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 4 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 307YH UT WOS:000086681400015 PM 10795087 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Chandler, P Schumacher, C Banda, S Pachter, M AF Singh, SN Chandler, P Schumacher, C Banda, S Pachter, M TI Nonlinear adaptive close formation control of unmanned aerial vehicles SO DYNAMICS AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE formation control of UAVs; adaptive control; nonlinear system; feedback linearization ID SYSTEMS AB This paper treats the question of formation flight control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In close formation the wing UAV motion is affected by the vortex of the adjacent lead aircraft. The forces produced by these vortices are complex functions of the relative position coordinates of the UAVs. In this paper, these forces are treated as unknown functions, For simplicity, it is assumed that the UAVs have autopilots for heading-, altitude-, and Mach-hold in the inner loops. An adaptive control law is derived for the position control of the wing aircraft based on a backstepping design technique. In the closed-loop system, commanded separation trajectories are asymptotically tracked by each wing aircraft while the lead UAV is maneuvering. It is seen that an overparametrization in the design is essential for the decentralization of the control system. These results are applied to formation flight control of two UAVs and simulation results are obtained. These results show that the wing UAV follows precisely the reference separation trajectories in spite of the uncertainties in the aerodynamic coefficients, while the lead aircraft maneuvers. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4668 J9 DYNAM CONTROL JI Dynam. Control PD APR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1023/A:1008348025564 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 359TQ UT WOS:000089628500004 ER PT J AU Previc, FH Liotti, M Blakemore, C Beer, J Fox, P AF Previc, FH Liotti, M Blakemore, C Beer, J Fox, P TI Functional imaging of brain areas involved in the processing of coherent and incoherent wide field-of-view visual motion SO EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ambient; vision; PET; motion; vection ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; VESTIBULAR CORTEX; PERCEPTION; MACAQUE; PET; CIRCULARVECTION; STIMULATION; CEREBELLAR; ACTIVATION; MONKEYS AB The brain areas involved in processing wide field-of-view (FOV) coherent and incoherent visual stimuli were studied using positron emission tomography (PET). The brains of nine subjects were scanned as they viewed texture patterns moving in the roll plane. Five visual conditions were used: (1) coherent clockwise (CW) wide-FOV (>100 degrees) roll motion; (2) coherent counterclockwise (CCW) wide-FOV roll motion; (3) wide-FOV incoherent motion; (4) CCW motion confined to the central visual field (similar to 55 degrees); and (5) a stationary control texture. The region most activated by the coherent-motion stimulus relative to the static one was the medial-occipital cortex, whereas both the medial- and lateral-occipital cortices were activated by incoherent motion relative to a static texture. Portions of the retroinsular parietal-temporal cortex, superior insula, putamen, and vestibulocerebellum responded specifically to the coherence of the stimulus, whereas a widespread lateralized activation was observed upon subtracting the CW scans from the CCW scans. The results indicate separate neural regions for processing wide-FOV motion versus stimulus coherence. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Res Imaging Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Oxford, Physiol Lab, Oxford OX1 3PT, England. Veridian Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Flight Stress Protect Div, Flight Mot Effects Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), TASC Inc, 4241 Woodcock Dr,Ste B100, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RI Fox, Peter/B-4725-2010 OI Fox, Peter/0000-0002-0465-2028 NR 45 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0014-4819 J9 EXP BRAIN RES JI Exp. Brain Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 131 IS 4 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s002219900298 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 307LN UT WOS:000086654900001 PM 10803409 ER PT J AU Paschkewitz, JS Pratt, DM AF Paschkewitz, JS Pratt, DM TI The influence of fluid properties on electrohydrodynamic heat transfer enhancement in liquids under viscous and electrically dominated flow conditions SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrohydrodynamic; single-phase liquid; heat transfer augmentation; heat transfer enhancement ID UNIPOLAR INJECTION AB Fluid property effects on electrohydrodynamic (EHD) heat transfer enhancement were investigated. Heat transfer, pressure drop, electrical power requirements, and the transition between the viscous dominated and electrically dominated flow regimes as a function of fluid properties were examined using three cooling oils having widely varying physical properties. Low viscosity and low electrical conductivity gave the greatest heat transfer enhancement for a given electrical power input. The required electrical power to achieve a specified heat transfer enhancement was greater for working fluids that had a small charge relaxation time, defined as the ratio of the electrical permittivity to the electrical conductivity. These results correlate well with available experimental and analytical data. A theoretical prediction of the effect of fluid properties and forced flow rate on the onset of EHD enhancement was experimentally verified. The onset of significant EHD heat transfer enhancement occurs most readily in low viscosity liquids at low Reynolds number flows for a given electrical power input. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 AF Res Lab, Thermal Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Paschkewitz, JS (reprint author), AFRL, VAAC, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate Bldg 146,Rm 225,2210 8th, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.paschkewitz@va.afrl.af.mil NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0894-1777(00)00002-9 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 313RU UT WOS:000087013700001 ER PT J AU Iyer, K Mall, S AF Iyer, K Mall, S TI Effects of cyclic frequency and contact pressure on fretting fatigue under two-level block loading SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; high-cycle fatigue; titanium alloys AB Fretting fatigue tests involving the contact of flat and cylindrical titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V surfaces, and constant- and two-level block remote bulk stresses are described. The constant-amplitude tests have been performed at cyclic frequencies of 1 and 200 Hz. The two-level block spectra involve the superposition of a l-Hz, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) constant-amplitude component and a 200-Hz, high-cycle fatigue (HCF) component. Two values of contact pressure are considered. The cyclic frequency of 200 Hz is found to curtail the constant-amplitude fretting fatigue life regardless of the contact pressure applied. Increasing the contact pressure reduces life at 1 Hz but does not have any effect at 200 Hz. Under two-level block loading, the fretting fatigue life is determined primarily by the stress amplitude and high-cyclic frequency of the HCF component of the load spectrum. The LCF component is found to play a secondary role in the determination of the two-level block fretting fatigue life. Fracture topographies for the different test conditions are documented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iyer, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Iyer, Kaushik/H-1411-2016 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 335 EP 346 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 324XR UT WOS:000087647700006 ER PT J AU Brodsky, JW Ptaszek, AJ Morris, SG AF Brodsky, JW Ptaszek, AJ Morris, SG TI Salvage first MTP arthrodesis utilizing ICBG: Clinical evaluation and outcome SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID 1ST METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; IMPLANT ARTHROPLASTY; PLATE FIXATION; HALLUX-VALGUS; REPLACEMENT; FUSION; TOES AB Twelve patients (12 feet) underwent salvage first metatarsalphalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis with structural, interposition autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG). Eight patients had a bony defect secondary to failed first MTP joint implant arthroplasties, two had avascular necrosis (AVN) after failed bunion surgery, one had a nonunion of an attempted arthrodesis for failed bunion surgery, and one had been treated for osteomyelitis after cheilectomy. Eleven of the cases had a single dorsal plate secured by screws and one case had two plates, one dorsal and one medial. A plate, crossed screw(s) and/or K-wire combination were chosen in four cases. Indications included first MTP joint pain, metatarsalgia, intractable plantar keratoses (IPK), as well as a functionally and cosmetically short first ray refractory to non surgical management. Average preoperative shortening was 8.5 mm (range 5-17), Clinical arthrodesis was achieved after an average of 12 weeks (range 4-20), Radiographic arthrodesis was achieved in eleven of twelve feet at an average of 15 weeks (range 8-28), with one pseudoarthrosis. AOFAS forefoot clinical rating score averaged 70 points (max 90 after first MTP arthrodesis) at an average follow-up of 22 months (range 5-70). Sesamoiditis, prominent hardware and scar sensitivity were prevalent complaints in four patients postoperatively, Two cases required flap coverage for skin necrosis, Relief of metatarsalgia, good hallux alignment as well as improved patient satisfaction and function were achieved in all cases. There was no symptomatic progression of interphalangeal degenerative change postoperatively. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Foot & Ankle Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Orthopaed Surg E, Birmingham, AL 35235 USA. RP Brodsky, JW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Orthopaed Associates Dallas, 411 N Washington,Suite 700 LB, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD APR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 290 EP 296 PG 7 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 301JL UT WOS:000086307000004 PM 10808968 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, N Jeffries, MA Schutz, SM Matossian, H Jolley, JJ Sheinbaum, AJ Meadows, JG AF Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, N Jeffries, MA Schutz, SM Matossian, H Jolley, JJ Sheinbaum, AJ Meadows, JG TI Comparison of daily induction dose interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin followed by daily combination therapy versus standard combination therapy in treatment naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 EI 1528-0012 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 6624 BP A1461 EP A1461 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RY UT WOS:000086784101697 ER PT J AU Cotton, PB Vaughan, JA Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S AF Cotton, PB Vaughan, JA Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S TI Benchmarking ERCP performance with a prospective endoscopy database. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 3393 BP AB80 EP AB80 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300087 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, HE Patel, RS Mokhashi, MS McDaniel, LK Vaughan, JA Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB AF Mulcahy, HE Patel, RS Mokhashi, MS McDaniel, LK Vaughan, JA Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB TI Low yield of significant pathology when colonoscopy is performed for isolated abdominal pain: A multicenter database analysis of 15,550 patients. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 3719 BP AB135 EP AB135 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300284 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, HE Patel, RS Eloubeidi, MA Vaughan, JA Wallace, MB Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB AF Mulcahy, HE Patel, RS Eloubeidi, MA Vaughan, JA Wallace, MB Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB TI Yield of colonoscopy for isolated proximal colonic disease in patients with rectal bleeding: A multicenter study of 2,449 patients. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 3642 BP AB132 EP AB132 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300276 ER PT J AU Patel, RS Eloubeidi, MA Mulcahy, HE Vaughan, JA Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB AF Patel, RS Eloubeidi, MA Mulcahy, HE Vaughan, JA Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB TI The yield and predictors of esophageal pathology when upper endoscopy is used to initially evaluate dysphagia: Multivariable analysis of 1649 patients. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 4910 BP AB224 EP AB224 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300601 ER PT J AU Sadurski, R Wallace, MB Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB AF Sadurski, R Wallace, MB Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB TI Seasonal variation in the incidence of upper GI bleeding. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 4712 BP AB210 EP AB210 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300553 ER PT J AU Wallace, MB Vaughan, JA Cotton, PB Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S AF Wallace, MB Vaughan, JA Cotton, PB Barkun, A Jowell, P Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S TI Benchmaking colonoscopy performance using a common prospective multicenter endoscopic database. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 3372 BP AB74 EP AB74 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300066 ER PT J AU Adve, RS Hale, TB Wicks, MC AF Adve, RS Hale, TB Wicks, MC TI Practical joint domain localised adaptive processing in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous environments. Part 1: Homogeneous environments SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article AB This two-part paper presents a comprehensive approach to practical space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for airborne phased array applications. Part 1 reformulates the JDL algorithm to remove restrictions placed by the original development for ideal linear arrays of point sensors. In doing so the performance of the JDL algorithm is significantly improved in simulations and in measured data. The paper deals with STAP in homogeneous and non-homogeneous environments with Part 1 focusing on homogeneous environments and Part 2 dealing with STAP within range cells determined to be nonhomogeneous. Part 1 deals with applying the previously proposed joint domain localised (JDL) algorithm to practical phased arrays. Part 2 introduces a new STAP algorithm for application in nonhomogeneous interference scenarios. The algorithm is a hybrid of direct data domain and statistical adaptive processing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Adve, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Signal Proc Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 9 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD APR PY 2000 VL 147 IS 2 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20000035 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 316PG UT WOS:000087176100002 ER PT J AU Adve, RS Hale, TB Wicks, MC AF Adve, RS Hale, TB Wicks, MC TI Practical joint domain localised adaptive processing in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous environments. Part 2: Nonhomogeneous environments SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS; SIGNAL AB The second part of this two-part paper deals with space-time adaptive processing (STAP) in nonhomogeneous environments. This paper introduces a new two-dimensional nonstatistical, direct data domain (D(3)) STAP algorithm and a hybridisation of this D(3) approach with the joint domain localised (JDL) algorithm. The D(3) algorithm replaces the non-adaptive transform used in Part 1 thereby suppressing discrete interference. A second stage of statistical processing in the angle-Doppler domain suppresses residual correlated interference. This new two-stage hybrid STAP technique allows for the application of the JDL algorithm within range cells determined to be nonhomogeneous. The development here draws heavily on the formulation presented in Part 1 of this paper. The work presented brings together two different aspects of STAP research: statistical and D(3) processing. In doing so, this research fuIfils an important need in the context of practical STAP, particularly knowledge-based algorithms. The envisioned system uses multi-pass processing to determine key information regarding the interference scenario. Depending on the homogeneity of the interference, the algorithm in Part 1 or that in Part 2 of the paper may be used. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Adve, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Signal Proc Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD APR PY 2000 VL 147 IS 2 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20000085 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 316PG UT WOS:000087176100003 ER PT J AU Sarkar, TK Koh, J Adve, R Schneible, RA Wicks, MC Choi, S Palma, MS AF Sarkar, TK Koh, J Adve, R Schneible, RA Wicks, MC Choi, S Palma, MS TI A pragmatic approach to adaptive antennas SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE adaptive arrays; adaptive signal processing; shaped beam antennas; array signal processing; sidelobe cancellation; multipath channels ID CONJUGATE-GRADIENT METHOD; SIGNAL AB This paper presents a novel approach for efficient computation of adaptive weights in phased-array antennas. The fundamental philosophical differences between adaptive antennas and adaptive signal-processing methodology are also delineated in the introduction. This approach, unlike the conventional statistical techniques, eliminates the requirement for an interference covariance matrix, and represents a rethinking of the entire conventional approach to adaptive processing. This approach provides greater flexibility in solving a wider class of problems, at the expense of a slightly reduced number of degrees of freedom. It is important to note that the application of a deterministic approach to address stochastic problems with an ergodic structure can be seen in the works of Norbert Wiener and A. N. Kolmogorov, as outlined in the introduction. This paper presents examples to illustrate the effectiveness and uniqueness of this new pragmatic approach. C1 Syracuse Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Res Associates Def Convers, Marcy, NY 13403 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Royal Signal Proc Branch, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Hanyang Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecommun, Dpto Senales Sistemas & Radiocommun, Grp Microondas & Radar, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Sarkar, TK (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM tksarkar@mailbox.syr.edu; choi@dsplab.hanyang.ac.kr RI Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 NR 25 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD APR PY 2000 VL 42 IS 2 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.1109/74.842124 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 314XC UT WOS:000087082000004 ER PT J AU Hanlon, PD Maybeck, PS AF Hanlon, PD Maybeck, PS TI Multiple-model adaptive estimation using a residual correlation Kalman filter bank SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FAILURE-DETECTION; SYSTEMS; F-16 AB We propose a modified multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) algorithm that uses the time correlation of the Kalman filter residuals, in place of their scaled magnitude, to assign conditional probabilities for each of the modeled hypotheses. This modified algorithm, denoted the residual correlation Kalman filter bank (RCKFB), uses the magnitude of an estimate of the correlation of the residual with a slightly modified version of the usual MMAE hypothesis testing algorithm to assign the conditional probabilities to the various hypotheses that are modeled in the Kalman filter bank within the MMAE. This concept is used to detect flight control actuator failures, where the existence of a single frequency sinusoid (which is highly time correlated) in the residual of an elemental filter within an MMAE is indicative of that filter having the wrong actuator failure status hypothesis. This technique results in a delay in detecting the flight control actuator failure because several samples of the residual must be collected before the residual correlation can be estimated. However, it allows a significant reduction of the amplitude of the required system inputs for exciting the various system modes to enhance identifiability, to the point where they may possibly be subliminal, so as not to be objectionable to the pilot and passengers. C1 USAF, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanlon, PD (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Inst Technol, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1109/7.845216 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 319BU UT WOS:000087320200004 ER PT J AU Choudhary, A Liao, WK Weiner, D Varshney, P Linderman, R Linderman, M Brown, R AF Choudhary, A Liao, WK Weiner, D Varshney, P Linderman, R Linderman, M Brown, R TI Design, implementation and evaluation of parallel pipelined STAP on parallel computers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DATA DECOMPOSITION; ALGORITHMS AB Performance results are presented for tbe design and implementation of parallel pipelined space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms on parallel computers. In particular, the issues involved in parallelization, our approach to parallelization, and performance results on an Intel Paragon are described. The process of developing software for such an application on parallel computers when latency and throughput are both considered together is discussed and tradeoffs considered with respect to inter and intratask communication and data redistribution are presented. The results show that not only scalable performance was achieved for individual component tasks of STAP but linear speedups were obtained for the integrated task performance, both for latency as well as throughput. Results are presented for up to 236 compute nodes (limited by the machine size available to us). Another interesting observation made from the implementation results is that performance improvement due to the assignment of additional processors to one task can improve the performance of other tasks without any increase in the number of processors assigned to them. Normally, this cannot be predicted by theoretical analysis. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. USAF, AFRL IFTC, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. USAF, AFRL SNRT, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Choudhary, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Liao, Wei-keng/B-7247-2009; Choudhary, Alok/C-5486-2009 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 528 EP 548 DI 10.1109/7.845238 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 319BU UT WOS:000087320200016 ER PT J AU Brown, RD Schneible, RA Wicks, MC Wang, H Zhang, YH AF Brown, RD Schneible, RA Wicks, MC Wang, H Zhang, YH TI STAP for clutter suppression with sum and difference beams SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A unique approach for airborne radar clutter rejection is developed and evaluated. This spatial and temporal adaptive approach employs the sum and difference beams of an antenna, which has significant practical advantages because it can be implemented with no/little change to the front-end electronics of airborne systems where sum and difference beams already exist for other reasons. The low sidelobe implementation of many sum and difference beam systems and the low gain of the difference beam in the direction of the target gives this approach the potential in many radars for a more predictable response pattern. The impact of these factors is shown in an airborne clutter rejection demonstration where the performance of this approach is compared with that of the factored approach (FA) using additional spatial channels and that of conventional pulse-Doppler (PD) processing Reliable detection of an injected target is only achieved by this approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 634 EP 646 DI 10.1109/7.845254 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 319BU UT WOS:000087320200023 ER PT J AU Roman, JR Rangaswamy, M Davis, DW Zhang, QW Himed, B Michels, JH AF Roman, JR Rangaswamy, M Davis, DW Zhang, QW Himed, B Michels, JH TI Parametric adaptive matched filter for airborne radar applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF) for space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is introduced via the matched filter (MF), multichannel linear prediction, and the multichannel LDU decomposition. Two alternative algorithmic implementations of the PAMF are discussed. Issues considered include sample training data size and constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Detection test statistics are estimated for airborne phased array radar measurements, and probability of detection is estimated using simulated phased array radar data for airborne surveillance radar scenarios. For large sample sizes, the PAMF performs close to the MF; performance degrades slightly for small sample sizes. In both sample size ranges, the PAMF is tolerant to targets present in the training set. C1 Sci Studies Corp, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. SiRF Technol Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome Site SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sci Studies Corp, 2250 Quail Ridge, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 USA. EM jrromanssc@aol.com NR 36 TC 138 Z9 151 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 677 EP 692 DI 10.1109/7.845259 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 319BU UT WOS:000087320200026 ER PT J AU Genello, GJ Cheung, JFY Billis, SH Saito, Y AF Genello, GJ Cheung, JFY Billis, SH Saito, Y TI Graeco-Latin squares design for line detection in the presence of correlated noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE analysis of variance; contrast algorithm; dependent Gaussian environments; estimable function; F-statistic; four-way Graeco-Latin squares design; line detection; polynomial approximation detector; Prewitt detector AB In this paper, the problem of detecting narrow lines embedded in correlated noise is in investigated. An approach based on the contrast theory is adapted to the four-way Graeco-Latin squares design. The analysis provides a theoretical basis for the comparison of a line detector to other detectors that ignore noise dependence. A new and compensated algorithm is developed for detecting lines oriented in any major direction in a two-dimensional image plane. The four-way design is also shown to remove any background obscuration, and the actual processor is robust, simple, efficient, and suitable for real-time applications. Extensive computer simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed detector relative to some classical mask-based detectors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. New York Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10023 USA. RP Genello, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD APR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 609 EP 622 DI 10.1109/83.841938 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 304TJ UT WOS:000086500000009 PM 18255434 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Cammett, JT Nicholas, T Jata, KV AF Vasudevan, AK Cammett, JT Nicholas, T Jata, KV TI Fatigue damage in structural materials II - 7-11 September 1998 - Hyannis, Massachusetts, USA - Foreword (vol 21, pg Sv, 1999) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Correction C1 Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Naval Aviat Depot, Mat Engn & Technol Div, Cherry Point, NC 28533 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Behav Branch, AFRL,MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Code 332,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD APR PY 2000 VL 22 IS 4 BP 351 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(00)00017-7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 307QD UT WOS:000086663400009 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Rule, WK AF Jones, SE Rule, WK TI On the optimal nose geometry for a rigid penetrator, including the effects of pressure-dependent friction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PROJECTILES; TARGETS AB In a related paper (Jones et al., Comput Mech, 1998;22:413) the problem of maximizing the depth of penetration by a normally impacting cylindrical projectile by optimizing the nose geometry was considered. These results were accomplished by neglecting any frictional resistance offered by the target and only considering the normal pressure acting against the penetrator nose. The problem of maximizing the penetration depth achieved by the normal impact of a cylindrical projectile including the effects of friction acting on the penetrator nose is a much more challenging problem. In this paper, the normal impact and penetration problem is considered including the effects of pressure-dependent friction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Trus Joist MacMillan, Boise, ID USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(99)00157-8 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 289LH UT WOS:000085622200004 ER PT J AU Griger, DR Roane, DW Higgs, JB AF Griger, DR Roane, DW Higgs, JB TI Acute cholestatic liver injury caused by azathioprine in early rheumatoid arthritis - Reply SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Arthritis & Osteoporosis, Billings, MT USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Griger, DR (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 306ER UT WOS:000086584800015 ER PT J AU Modukuru, Y Cahay, M Kolinsky, H Mumford, P AF Modukuru, Y Cahay, M Kolinsky, H Mumford, P TI Onset of current self-quenching in a metal/CdS/LaS cold cathode in the presence of inelastic scattering in the CdS layer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We use an ensemble Monte-Carlo approach to analyze the importance of space-charge effects in the cathode to anode gap region of a recently proposed metal/CdS/LaS cold cathode and its influence on the energy distribution of the electrons collected at the anode. Our analysis is based on a mean-free path approach to include the effects of inelastic scattering in the CdS layer following Fowler-Nordheim injection across the metal/CdS interface. We investigate in detail the regime of current self-quenching and show the importance of the effects of space charge in narrowing the energy of the electron beam collected at the anode. We compare our results to an analytical treatment of the current self-quenching regime based on a hydrodynamic description of electron transport through the gap. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)04807-6]. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Modukuru, Y (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 7 BP 3386 EP 3393 DI 10.1063/1.372355 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 293WN UT WOS:000085878100033 ER PT J AU Clearfield, M Whitney, EJ Weis, S Downs, JR Shapiro, DR Stein, EA Watson, DJ Langendorfer, A Beere, PA Stamler, J Gotto, AM AF Clearfield, M Whitney, EJ Weis, S Downs, JR Shapiro, DR Stein, EA Watson, DJ Langendorfer, A Beere, PA Stamler, J Gotto, AM TI Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS): baseline characteristics and comparison with USA population SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; controlled clinical trials; lovastatin; primary prevention ID HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD-INSTITUTE; NATIONAL-HEART; MEN; REDUCTION; BENEFITS; WOMEN AB Background Results of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) demonstrated that treatment with lovastatin, in addition to modifications of diet and lifestyle, reduced the rate of first acute major coronary events compared with placebo in a cohort that included participants with average to mildly elevated total levels of cholesterol, and below average levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, women, and elderly subjects. Objective To describe the baseline characteristics of the study's cohort. Design This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, primary-prevention trial in which Americans with average to mildly elevated total levels of cholesterol [4.65-6.83 mmol/l (180-264 mg/dl)] and no clinical evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomly allocated either 20-40 mg/day lovastatin or placebo in addition to a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet. Baseline characteristics of the study cohort are described, and the characteristics of a USA reference population based upon NHANES III data are provided for comparison. Results The study includes 5608 men (85%) and 997 women (15%) with mean total cholesterol level 5.71 +/- 0.54 mmol/l (221 +/- 21 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level 3.88 +/- 0.44 mmol/l (150 +/- 17 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.96 +/- 0.15 mmol/l (37 +/- 6 mg/dl), and median triglyceride level 1.78 +/- 0.86 mmol/l (158 +/- 76 mg/dl). The mean age is 58 years (ranges 45-73 years for men and 55-73 years for women), The participants are 89% white, 7% Hispanic, and 3% black. Conclusion Results from AFGAPS/TexCAPS will be applicable to large segments of populations; in the USA alone, eight million share the demographic and baseline-lipid-level characteristics of the study cohort. J Cardiovasc Risk 7:125-133 (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Heart & Vasc Inst Texas, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA USA. Med Res Labs, Highland Heights, KY USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Gotto, AM (reprint author), Care of Jou J, Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, 445 E 69th St,Olin Hall Room F-105, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1350-6277 J9 J CARDIOVASC RISK JI J. Cardiovasc. Risk PD APR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 318JL UT WOS:000087280400007 PM 10879416 ER PT J AU Faber, RA Benzick, JM AF Faber, RA Benzick, JM TI Nefazodone-induced palinopsia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LSD C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Faber, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-0749 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1097/00004714-200004000-00030 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 301GR UT WOS:000086302800030 PM 10770476 ER PT J AU Gao, XL Mall, S AF Gao, XL Mall, S TI A two dimensional rule-of-mixtures micromechanics model for woven fabric composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fabric-reinforced woven composites; micromechanics; classical laminate theory; rule of mixtures; analytical modeling; plain weave; 5-and 8-harness satin weaves; effective elastic and thermal properties AB A two-dimensional rule-of-mixtures micromechanics model is presented for planar woven fabric-reinforced. composites subjected to in-plane biaxial normal loads. The impregnated warp/fill yarns are treated as orthotropic materials and the interyarn matrix as an isotropic material. The undulations of both warp and fill yarns in two orthogonal directions are considered, and the temperature effects are included. A set of iso-strain conditions, together with the symmetry and periodicity requirements resulting formulation of the present model is simple and more explicit than those of several existing analytical models. This model can deal with different weave patterns, undulation shapes and constituent materials and hence may be viewed as a generic approach Sample calculations are provided for plain weave, 5-harness and 8-harness satin weave woven composites to demonstrate applications of the present model and to compare with other known results. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 22 IS 2 BP 60 EP 70 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 302CL UT WOS:000086347500002 ER PT J AU Ma, N Bliss, DF Bryant, GG AF Ma, N Bliss, DF Bryant, GG TI Developing a model for electromagnetic control of dopant segregation during liquid-encapsulated crystal growth of compound semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 01-06, 1999 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Assoc Crystal Growth, NASA, Div Micrograv Sci & Applicat, Adv Ceram Corp, Adv Specialty Chem, Bicron Opt, Capen Simulat Inc, Cleveland Crystals Inc, Crystal Associates Inc, Crystal Photon Inc, Crystal Technol Inc, Engis Corp, Engelhard-Clal LP, INRAD Inc, Johnson Matthey, Div Electr, Johnson Matthey, Div Alfa Aesar, Johnson Matthey, Div Mfg Technol, Litton Airton Synopt, Lockheed Martin Sanders, OPTOVAC, PROCHEM, Quantum Technol Inc, Sawyer Res Prod, Sensors Unltd Inc, Thermcraft Inc, II-VI Inc, Zirmat Corp DE modeling; segregation; mass transport; magnetohydrodynamics ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSPORT AB The dopant transport during growth depends on both the diffusion and the convection of dopant during the entire period of time needed to grow a crystal. The application of even a moderate magnetic field is enough to damp the melt motion in order to eliminate oscillatory or turbulent melt motions which cause microsegregation or striations, and provide the electromagnetic control needed to minimize macrosegregation. For the moderate-strength magnetic fields used during liquid-encapsulated crystal growth processes, the dopant transport in the melt is dominated by convection, and the constant-concentration curves resemble the streamlines. The strong flow adjacent to the crystal-melt interface produces a lateral uniformity in the dopant concentration in the melt adjacent to the interface and consequently in the crystal. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ma, N (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, 206 Mech Engn Bldg,1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2000 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00857-X PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 299LG UT WOS:000086199600029 ER PT J AU Schunemann, PG Setzler, SD Pollak, TM Ohmer, MC Goldstein, JT Zelmon, DE AF Schunemann, PG Setzler, SD Pollak, TM Ohmer, MC Goldstein, JT Zelmon, DE TI Crystal growth and properties of AgGaTe2 SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 01-06, 1999 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Assoc Crystal Growth, NASA, Div Micrograv Sci & Applicat, Adv Ceram Corp, Adv Specialty Chem, Bicron Opt, Capen Simulat Inc, Cleveland Crystals Inc, Crystal Associates Inc, Crystal Photon Inc, Crystal Technol Inc, Engis Corp, Engelhard-Clal LP, INRAD Inc, Johnson Matthey, Div Electr, Johnson Matthey, Div Alfa Aesar, Johnson Matthey, Div Mfg Technol, Litton Airton Synopt, Lockheed Martin Sanders, OPTOVAC, PROCHEM, Quantum Technol Inc, Sawyer Res Prod, Sensors Unltd Inc, Thermcraft Inc, II-VI Inc, Zirmat Corp ID INFRARED PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AGGASE2 AB Large, crack-free single crystals of AgGaTe2 were grown for the first time using the horizontal gradient freeze technique. As-grown samples were transparent from 1.2 mu m to beyond 16 mu m (the spectrometer limit): they exhibited near-theoretical transmission at long wavelengths, but in the near-infrared transmission was limited by scattering from second-phase precipitates (much like AgGaSe2 and AgGaS2). Dilatometer measurements on oriented single crystal revealed severely anisotropic thermal expansion similar in sign and magnitude to that of the sulfide and selenide analogs, Preliminary refractive index data suggests that the birefringence of AgGaTe2 may be slightly too small For phase-matched frequency conversion, but additional measurements over a broader wavelength range are required to refine the Sellmeier fits. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sanders, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, WL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schunemann, PG (reprint author), Sanders, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2000 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00851-9 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 299LG UT WOS:000086199600043 ER PT J AU Wagner, MJ Forster, NH Van Treuren, KW Gerardi, DT AF Wagner, MJ Forster, NH Van Treuren, KW Gerardi, DT TI Vapor phase lubrication for expendable gas turbine engines SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 07-10, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA AB Vapor phase lubrication (VPL) is an emerging technology that is currently targeted for application in limited life, expandable engines. It has the potential to cut 90 percent of the cost and weight of the lubrication system, when compared to a conventional liquid lubricated system. VPL, is effective at much higher temperatures than conventional liquid lubrication (600 degreesC versus 200 degreesC), so considerably less cooling for the bearing is required, to the extent that the bearing materials often dictate the maximum upper temperature for its use. The hot no. 8 bearing and the cold no. 1 bearing of the T63 engine were used to evaluate the applicability of this technology to the expendable engine environment. The no. 8 bearing was a custom made hybrid with T15 steel races, silicon nitride halls, and a carbon-carbon composite cage: it was run for 10.7 h at a race temperature of 450 degreesC at full power, without incident. Prior to engine tests, a bearing rig test of the no. 8 bearing demonstrated an 18.6 h life at a race temperature of 500 degreesC at engine full power speed of 50,000 rpm. Cold bearing performance was tested with the standard no. 1 bearing, which consisted of 52100 steel races and balls, and a bronze cage: it was run for 7.5 h at a race temperature of 34 degreesC at flight idle power, without incident. A self-contained lubricant misting system, running off compressor bleed air, provided lubricant at flow rates of 7-25 ml/h, depending on engine operating conditions. These tests have demonstrated for the first time that a single self-contained VPL system ran provide adequate lubrication to both the hot and cold bearings for the required life of an expendable cruise missile engine. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Wagner, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, PRSL Bldg 490,1790 Loop Rd N, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1115/1.483193 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404QF UT WOS:000167111500001 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Cliver, EW Crooker, NU Cyr, OCS Thompson, BJ AF Webb, DF Cliver, EW Crooker, NU Cyr, OCS Thompson, BJ TI Relationship of halo coronal mass ejections, magnetic clouds, and magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTH CONNECTION EVENT; X-RAY EVENTS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; JANUARY 1997; SOLAR ORIGIN; CYCLE; CMES; WIND; TRANSIENTS; DISRUPTION AB Halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) had been rarely reported in coronagraph observations of the Sun before the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission. Since mid-1996, however, the SOHO Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instruments have observed many halo or partial-halo CMEs. A halo CME, especially when associated with solar activity near sun center, is important for space weather concerns because it suggests the launch of a potentially geoeffective disturbance toward Earth. During the post-solar minimum period from December 1996 to June 1997, we found that all six halo CMEs that were likely Earthward-directed were associated with shocks, magnetic clouds, and moderate geomagnetic storms at Earth 3-5 days later. The results imply that magnetic cloud-like structures are a general characteristic of CMEs. Most of the storms were driven by strong, sustained southward fields either in the magnetic clouds, in the post-shock region, or both. We discuss the characteristics of the halo events observed during this period, their associated signatures near the solar surface, and their usefulness as predictors of space weather at Earth. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CPI, USN,Res Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA USA. EM webb@plh.af.mil RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 59 TC 221 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A4 BP 7491 EP 7508 DI 10.1029/1999JA000275 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300FZ UT WOS:000086222800009 ER PT J AU Szuberla, CAL Olson, JV Engebretson, MJ McHarg, MG Hughes, WJ AF Szuberla, CAL Olson, JV Engebretson, MJ McHarg, MG Hughes, WJ TI Spatiotemporal characteristics of cusp latitude spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WAVES; MICROPULSATIONS; PULSATIONS; IONOSPHERE; MAGNETOSPHERE; FREQUENCY; TRANSIENT; CLEFT AB In this study we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of spectra generated from 754 days of cusp latitude magnetometer data (Longyearbyen and selected Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies (MACCS) stations). In order to distinguish between the presence of spatial (fixed in magnetic local time) and temporal (fixed in universal time) signatures in cusp latitude spectra we develop a simple test using trace power, polarization, and ellipticity spectra. On the basis of this test we find evidence for both spatial and temporal signatures in cusp latitude spectra. We find that the trace power spectrum is dominated by temporal information; however, the polarization and ellipticity spectra contain unambiguous spatial structure. Temporal information in cusp latitude spectra is carried primarily by broadband Pc3 (10-50 mHz) noise, while spatial information is carried by polarized Pc5 (1-10 mHz) pulsations. Additionally, we establish a state-space measure as a quantitative means of discriminating the spatial passage of the cusp and boundary regions by ground-based magnetic means. The measure is based on the difference between daily polarization spectra (centered on local magnetic noon) and the mean polarization spectra for a given station. This procedure replaces previous determinations which were made from spectra "by-eye.". C1 N Pole High Sch, Dept Sci, N Pole, AK 99705 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. USAF Acad, DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Szuberla, CAL (reprint author), N Pole High Sch, Dept Sci, 601 NPHS Blvd, N Pole, AK 99705 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A4 BP 7695 EP 7706 DI 10.1029/1999JA000309 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300FZ UT WOS:000086222800024 ER PT J AU Nadeau, LJ He, Z Spain, JC AF Nadeau, LJ He, Z Spain, JC TI Production of 2-amino-5-phenoxyphenol from 4-nitrobiphenyl ether using nitrobenzene nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; nitroaromatic compounds; aminophenol; biocatalysis; biotransformation ID MAIN-CHAIN; POLYMERS; STRAIN; 2,6-BENZOBISOXAZOLE; BIODEGRADATION; 4-NITROTOLUENE; DERIVATIVES; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; REAGENTS AB Microbial metabolism of nitroarenes via o-aminophenols requires the participation of two key enzymes, a nitroreductase and an hydroxylaminobenzene mutase. The broad substrate ranges of the enzymes suggested that they could be used as biocatalysts for the production of substituted o-aminophenols. We have used enzymes from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 for the conversion of 4-nitrobiphenyl ether to the corresponding o-aminophenol. Partially purified nitrobenzene nitroreductase reduced 4-nitrobiphenyl ether to the corresponding 4-hydroxylaminobiphenyl ether. Partially purified hydroxylaminobenzene mutase stoichiometrically converted the intermediate to 2-amino-5-phenoxyphenol. The results indicate that the enzyme system can be applied for the production of o-aminophenols useful as intermediates for synthesis of commercially important materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQ, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Nadeau, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQ, 139 Barnes Dr,Bldg 1117, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900821 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 320MQ UT WOS:000087405300014 ER PT J AU Zuclich, JA Edsall, PR Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Hollins, RC Till, S Smith, PA Mclin, LN Kennedy, PK AF Zuclich, JA Edsall, PR Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Hollins, RC Till, S Smith, PA Mclin, LN Kennedy, PK TI Variation of laser induced retinal-damage threshold with retinal image size SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser; eye protection; retina; image size; spot size; lesion; damage threshold; thermal model ID MELANIN GRANULE MODEL AB The dependence of retinal damage threshold on laser spot size was examined for two pulse width regimes; nanosecond-duration Q-switched pulses from a doubled Nd:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and microsecond-duration pulses from a flashlamp-pumped dye laser. Threshold determinations were conducted for nominal retinal image sizes ranging from 1.5 to 100 mrad of visual field, corresponding to image diameters of similar to 22 mu m to 1.4 mm on the primate retina. In addition, base line collimated-beam damage thresholds were determined for comparison to the extended source data. Together, this set of retinal damage thresholds reveals the functional dependence of threshold on spot size. The threshold dose was found to vary with the area of the image for larger image sizes. This experimentally determined trend was shown to agree with the predictions of thermal model calculations of laser-induced retinal damage for spot sizes greater than or similar to 50 mu m. The results are compared to previously published extended source damage thresholds and to the ANSI Z136.1 laser safety standard maximum permissible exposure levels for diffuse reflections. (C) 2000 Laser Instifute of America. [S1034-346X(00)00202-3]. C1 TASC, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. UK Def Evaluat Res Agcy, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. UK Def Evaluat Res Agcy, Farnborough GU14 6TD, Hants, England. USAF, HEDO, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zuclich, JA (reprint author), TASC, 4241 Woodcock Dr,Suite B-100, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD APR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 74 EP 80 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 303HK UT WOS:000086416300007 ER PT J AU Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG AF Prasad, YVRK Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG TI Effect of prior beta-grain size on the hot deformation behavior of Ti-6A1-4V: Coarse vs coarser SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE grain size; hot processing; titanium; Ti-6A1-4V alloy AB The hot deformation behavior of extra low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti-6Al-4V with a transformed beta-preform microstructure was studied in coarse (0.5 to 1 mm) and coarser (2 to 3 mm) (prior beta) grained materials using hot compression testing in the temperature range of 750 to 1100 degrees C and a strain rate range of 0.001 to 100 s(-1). Processing maps were developed on the basis of the how stress data as a function of temperature and strain rate. The maps revealed that the domain of globularization of the lamellar structure and region of large grained superplasticity of beta were not influenced by the prior beta-grain size. However, the regimes of cracking at the prior beta-grain boundaries occurring at lower temperatures and strain rates and the how instability occurring at lower temperatures and higher strain rates were both wider for the coarse grained material than the coarser grained material. The beta- instability regime, however, was more pronounced in the coarser grained material. From the hot workability viewpoint, the present results show that there is no remarkable benefit in refining the prior beta-grain size, On the contrary, it will somewhat restrict the workability domain by widening the adjacent regimes, causing microstructural damage. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, YVRK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD APR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1361/105994900770346097 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 316UE UT WOS:000087185800005 ER PT J AU Davis, R Overton, JD AF Davis, R Overton, JD TI Efficacy of bonded and nonbonded amalgam in the treatment of teeth with incomplete fractures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SELF-THREADING PINS; RESTORATIONS; RESISTANCE; PAIN AB Background. This clinical study compared the efficacy of adhesive-retained vs. pin-retained complex amalgam restorations in the treatment of molars with incomplete fractures. Both relief of chewing pain and cold sensitivity were evaluated at two weeks, three months and one year. Methods. The authors treated 38 patients with a chief complaint of chewing sensitivity on vital molar teeth (40 teeth in the study). A random-number generator determined the treatment method for each tooth. Twenty teeth received bonded amalgam restorations. Twenty teeth received amalgapins or threaded pins to retain the amalgam. Teeth were evaluated for postoperative chewing sensitivity. A visual analog pain scale was used to evaluate cold response to a skin-refrigerant-soaked cotton pellet at each visit. After 12 months, all 40 teeth were available for evaluation. Results. Chewing pain was completely eliminated in all but one tooth. A Student's t-test found no significant difference (P > .05) in preoperative cold sensitivity between the bonded and nonbonded groups. A paired t-test comparison indicated that the teeth in the bonded group were significantly less sensitive to cold after three months and 12 months than they were at the time of the baseline measurements (P < .0001). A paired t-test indicated no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative cold sensitivity scores for teeth in the nonbonded group (P > .05). Conclusions. Both adhesively bonded and mechanically retained complex amalgam restorations were successful in resolving chewing sensitivity in cracked molars, For 39 of 40 teeth, chewing sensitivity did not return during the one-year follow-up period. At three months and 12 months, cold sensitivity was reduced in the bonded restorations. At all three time periods, cold sensitivity remained similar to baseline levels for the mechanically retained restorations. Clinical Implications. Incomplete tooth fracture in molars can be successfully treated by covering fractured cusps with amalgam restorations. This study excluded teeth with prolonged sensitivity to a cold stimulus or those with periodontal evidence of root fracture. With these exclusions, elimination of chewing sensitivity was predictable. Teeth restored with bonded restorations experienced a decrease in sensitivity to a cold stimulus at three months and at 12 months, but not at two weeks. The cold sensitivity of teeth restored with nonbonded restorations was similar at baseline, two weeks, three months and one year. C1 USAF, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), 1012 Conley Circle, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 131 IS 4 BP 469 EP 478 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 302LN UT WOS:000086366700014 PM 10770009 ER PT J AU Camberos, JA AF Camberos, JA TI Revised interpretation of work potential in thermophysical processes SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB An alternative development is attempted of the concept of exergy or availability by introducing the idea that exergy represents an abstract thermodynamic metric that, essentially, quantifies the distance from the state of equilibrium with respect to a given reference value. Traditional and textbook approaches usually develop exergy as a system's potential to do reversible work. Usually, combining the balance of energy and entropy equations makes it possible to construct a corresponding balance of exergy and to use its definition to interpret the resulting terms. In contrast, the essential elements presented deal with the mathematical property of concavity of the entropy as the essence of the second law and how this property translates into a geometric complementarity relation between entropy and exergy. The balance of exergy equation is presented as an expression representing the corresponding convexity of the exergy, again demonstrating a mathematical property intrinsic to the second law. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dept Computat Sci, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Camberos, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dept Computat Sci, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.2514/2.6529 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 306AN UT WOS:000086574100007 ER PT J AU Levin, DA Candler, GV Limbaugh, CC AF Levin, DA Candler, GV Limbaugh, CC TI Multispectral shock-layer radiance from a hypersonic slender body SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; FLIGHT; FLOWS AB A methodology is presented for the calculation of the infrared (IR) shock-layer radiance from a slender hypersonic vehicle. An overlay technique that has been successfully employed for chemically reacting hypersonic compressed and expanding hows has been extended to model accurately the vibrational state distributions of NO, CO, water, and CO2, which are potential shock-layer radiators in the midwave IR. The spectral predictions show that radiation from shock heated ambient CO2 will be an important contribution at most altitudes and speeds slower than 3.5 km/s. A detailed vibrational state-specific model of CO2 excitation has been incorporated with the dow modeling using an overlay technique. Comparisons of the spatial distributions of CO2 vibrational states with a corresponding Boltzmann distribution at the translational temperature show that there are substantial differences in the populations. These predictions are important for the design of an upcoming sounding racket experiment. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr Div, Arnold AFB, TN 37388 USA. RP Levin, DA (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.2514/2.6514 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 306AN UT WOS:000086574100015 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR AF Steinhubl, SR TI Assessing the optimal level of platelet inhibition with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing coronary intervention. Rationale and design of the GOLD study SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS LA English DT Article ID IIB/IIIA RECEPTOR BLOCKADE; IIIA RECEPTOR; AGGREGATION; ANGIOPLASTY; ANTIBODY; 7E3; PHARMACODYNAMICS; ABCIXIMAB; PEPTIDE; BINDING C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, 2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5305 J9 J THROMB THROMBOLYS JI J. Thromb. Thrombolysis PD APR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1023/A:1018754309025 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 292ZU UT WOS:000085827500002 PM 10728017 ER PT J AU Babiker, A Darby, S De Angelis, D Kwart, D Porter, K Beral, V Darbyshire, J Day, N Gill, N Coutinho, R Prins, M van Benthem, B Coutinho, R Dabis, F Marimoutou, C Ruiz, I Tusell, J Altisent, C Evatt, B Jaffe, H Kirk, O Pedersen, C Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Biggar, R Melbye, M Brettie, R Downs, A Hamouda, O Touloumi, G Karafoulidou, A Katsarou, O Donfield, S Gomperts, E Hilgartner, M Hoots, K Schoenbaum, E Beral, V Zangerle, R Del Amo, J Pezzotti, P Rezza, G Hutchinson, S Day, N De Angelis, D Gore, S Kingsley, L Schrager, L Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Melnick, S Koblin, B Eskild, A Bruun, J Sannes, M Evans, B Lepri, AC Sabin, C Buchbinder, S Vittinghoff, E Moss, A Osmond, D Winkelstein, W Goldberg, D Boufassa, F Meyer, L Egger, M Francioli, P Rickenbach, M Cooper, D Tindall, B Sharkey, T Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Cunningham, P Vanhems, P Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Learmont, J Farewell, V Berglund, O Mosley, J Operskalski, E van den Berg, M Metzger, D Tobin, D Woody, G Rusnak, J Hendrix, C Garner, R Hawkes, C Renzullo, P Garland, F Darby, S Ewart, D Giangrande, P Lee, C Phillips, A Spooner, R Wilde, J Winter, M Babiker, A Darbyshire, J Evans, B Gill, N Johnson, A Phillips, A Porter, K Lorenzo, JI Schechter, M AF Babiker, A Darby, S De Angelis, D Kwart, D Porter, K Beral, V Darbyshire, J Day, N Gill, N Coutinho, R Prins, M van Benthem, B Coutinho, R Dabis, F Marimoutou, C Ruiz, I Tusell, J Altisent, C Evatt, B Jaffe, H Kirk, O Pedersen, C Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Biggar, R Melbye, M Brettie, R Downs, A Hamouda, O Touloumi, G Karafoulidou, A Katsarou, O Donfield, S Gomperts, E Hilgartner, M Hoots, K Schoenbaum, E Beral, V Zangerle, R Del Amo, J Pezzotti, P Rezza, G Hutchinson, S Day, N De Angelis, D Gore, S Kingsley, L Schrager, L Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Melnick, S Koblin, B Eskild, A Bruun, J Sannes, M Evans, B Lepri, AC Sabin, C Buchbinder, S Vittinghoff, E Moss, A Osmond, D Winkelstein, W Goldberg, D Boufassa, F Meyer, L Egger, M Francioli, P Rickenbach, M Cooper, D Tindall, B Sharkey, T Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Cunningham, P Vanhems, P Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Learmont, J Farewell, V Berglund, O Mosley, J Operskalski, E van den Berg, M Metzger, D Tobin, D Woody, G Rusnak, J Hendrix, C Garner, R Hawkes, C Renzullo, P Garland, F Darby, S Ewart, D Giangrande, P Lee, C Phillips, A Spooner, R Wilde, J Winter, M Babiker, A Darbyshire, J Evans, B Gill, N Johnson, A Phillips, A Porter, K Lorenzo, JI Schechter, M CA Collaborative Grp AIDS Incubation TI Time from HIV-1 seroconversion to AIDS and death before widespread use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative re-analysis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HEPATITIS-C; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; AGE; HEMOPHILIA; SURVIVAL AB Background We used data from Europe, North America, and Australia to assess the effect of exposure category on the AIDS incubation period and HIV-1 survival and whether the effect of age at seroconversion varies with exposure category and with time since seroconversion. Methods 38 studies of HIV-1-infected individuals whose dates of seroconversion could be reliably estimated were included in the analysis. Individual data on 13 030 HIV-1-infected individuals from 15 countries were collated, checked, and analysed centrally. We calculated estimates of mortality and AIDS incidence rates and estimated the proportions of individuals surviving and developing AIDS at each year after seroconversion from the numbers of observed deaths or cases of AIDS and the corresponding person-years at risk. Analyses were adjusted for age at seroconversion, time since seroconversion, and other factors as appropriate. Findings Mortality and AIDS incidence increased strongly with time since seroconversion and age at seroconversion. Median survival varied from 12.5 years (95% CI 12.1-12.9) for those aged 15-24 years at seroconversion to 7.9 years (7.4-8.5) for those aged 45-54 years at seroconversion, whereas for development of AIDS the corresponding values were 11.0 years (10.7-11.7) and 7.7 years (7.1-8.6). There was no appreciable effect of exposure category on survival. For AIDS incidence, the exposure category effect that we noted was explained by the high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in those infected through sex between men. We estimated that among people aged 25-29 years at seroconversion 90% (89-91) and 60% (57-62) survived to 5 years and 10 years, respectively, after seroconversion, whereas 13% (12-15) and 46% (44-49), respectively, developed AIDS (excluding Kaposi's sarcoma). Interpretation Before widespread use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (before 1996), time since seroconversion and age at seroconversion were the major determinants of survival and development of AIDS in Europe, North America, and Australia. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Amsterdam Cohort Study Drug Users, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Amsterdam Cohort Study Homosexual Men, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Barcelona Haemophillia Cohort, Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Copenhagen Cohort, Copenhagen, Denmark. Aquitaine Cohort, Aquitaine, France. Edinburgh City Hosp Cohort, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. European Ctr Epidemiol Monitoring AIDS, St Maurice, France. HERO Study, Birmingham, AL USA. Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. Innsbruck AIDS Study, Innsbruck, Austria. Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. MRC BIAS, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York Prospect AIDS Study, New York, NY 10021 USA. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, London NW9 5EQ, England. Royal Free Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. San Francisco City Clin Cohort, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp Cohort, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Mens Hlth Study, San Francisco, CA USA. Scottish Ctr Infect & Environm Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Lausanne, Switzerland. Sydney AIDS Prospect Study, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Primary HIV Infect Cohort, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Primary HIV Infect Working Party, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Red Cross Cohort, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Toronto Sexual Hlth Study, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Utrecht Hosp, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Penn, Risk Assessment Project, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USAF, HIV Nat Hist Study, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Data Syst Cohort, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USN, HIV Cohort, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Valencia Haemophilia Cohort, Valencia, Spain. Vancouver Lymphadenopathy AIDS Study, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Beral, V (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. RI Sabin, Caroline/C-2464-2008; Phillips, Andrew/B-4427-2008; Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Kaldor, John /D-4545-2011; SHCS, int. coll. B/G-4090-2011; SHCS, all/G-4072-2011; Metzger, David/D-9499-2012; Hendrix, Craig/G-4182-2014; REZZA, GIOVANNI/D-4393-2016; DEL AMO VALERO, JULIA/M-7020-2015 OI Phillips, Andrew/0000-0003-2384-4807; Hendrix, Craig/0000-0002-5696-8665; REZZA, GIOVANNI/0000-0003-0268-6790; DEL AMO VALERO, JULIA/0000-0002-3104-540X NR 26 TC 260 Z9 265 U1 2 U2 16 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9210 BP 1131 EP 1137 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 302TC UT WOS:000086380900010 ER PT J AU Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ TI The effect of fluorine-substituted acrylate monomers on the electro-optical and morphological properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystals SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID BRAGG GRATINGS; FILMS AB The effects of fluorinated acryate monomers on the electro-optical and morphological properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are reported. The partial fluorination of host polymer matrices resulted in improved optical properties and better defined morphologies. An enhancement in contrast ratio was observed for fluorinated systems containing trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA) and hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate (HFIPA). Conversely? the incorporation of methyl acrylate (MA)? a chemically similar non-fluorinated acrylate, resulted in no appreciable change in contrast ratio and an increase in relaxation time. Scanning electron microscopy morphological studies were conducted to understand further the influence of fluorinated monomers in PDLC systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept MS&E, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. SAIC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. TMC Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@ml.afrl.af.mil NR 25 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD APR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 467 EP 475 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 299XY UT WOS:000086224800004 ER PT J AU Trummel, DE McCabe, KM Cina, SJ AF Trummel, DE McCabe, KM Cina, SJ TI Characteristics of hormone-treated prostate carcinoma: Stressing the need for clinician-pathologist communication SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY; CANCER; ADENOCARCINOMA; NEOPLASIA; FLUTAMIDE AB Objective: Patients scheduled for prostatectomy often receive androgen deprivation therapy to make malignant tumors more amenable to resection and improve the postoperative course. These hormonal therapies may significantly alter the histomorphology of carcinoma of the prostate detected on subsequent needle biopsies. Methods: Needle specimens were obtained from resected prostates harboring biopsy-proven carcinoma previously treated with leuprolide, The tissue was examined by light microscopy to note architectural and cytologic characteristics. Results: A high proportion of treated carcinomas had an atrophic, infiltrative appearance. Nuclear and nucleolar enlargement were consistently observed. Macronucleoli, blue-tinged mucin, and intraluminal pink amorphous material was frequently identified. Conclusions: The markedly atrophic nature of the cells and glands may result in either overgrading of prostate carcinoma or failure to recognize the more subtle patterns of this malignant neoplasm. It is imperative that clinicians convey a history of hormone treatment to pathologists when core biopsies of the prostate are submitted for histologic evaluation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Trummel, DE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 294 EP 297 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 306BG UT WOS:000086575800015 PM 10803004 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, DI Gobern, J Krivak, T Gordon, M AF Gonzalez, DI Gobern, J Krivak, T Gordon, M TI Guest editorial: Stump the professor SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Gonzalez, DI (reprint author), Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Beraquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD APR PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1097/00006254-200004000-00001 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 390LF UT WOS:000166295900001 PM 10758618 ER PT J AU LoRusso, FJ Boniuk, M Font, RL AF LoRusso, FJ Boniuk, M Font, RL TI Melanocytoma (magnocellular nevus) of the ciliary body: Report of 10 cases and review of the literature SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; IRIS; EXTENSION AB Purpose: To describe the characteristics of melanocytoma (magnocellular nevus) of the ciliary body, an unusual melanocytic tumor. Design: Retrospective, clinicopathologic case series. Methods: Ten melanocytomas of the ciliary body were examined histopathologically. Five tumors were also examined by transmission electron microscopy. The clinical histories were abstracted from the patients' medical records, We compared the clinical, histopathologic, and ultrastructural findings of our 10 cases with those previously reported in the literature. Main Outcome Measures: To define clinical and histopathologic parameters of this rare tumor. Results: A total of 40 cases were summarized, including our 10 and 30 previously reported cases. The mean age of the 40 cases was 47 years. Twenty-six patients were female (65%), fourteen were male (35%). No laterality was observed. Eighty percent of the patients were white and 10% were black. The most common clinical presentation was an asymptomatic dark spot involving the iris and ciliary body or the sclera, Involvement of chamber angle structures, with or without intrascleral extension, was observed in 85% (34 of 40 patients); but only 12% (2 of the 17 patients for whom information about intraocular pressure and local extension was available) had elevated preoperative intraocular pressure. By electron microscopy, two distinct cell types were observed. Conclusions: Melanocytomas can usually be distinguished from other pigmented lesions of the ciliary body by histopathologic criteria, but may be difficult to differentiate before surgery from other pigmented ciliary body tumors, including malignant melanomas, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas of the pigmented ciliary epithelium. Most tumors can be managed conservatively by iridocyclectomy. (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Cullen Eye Inst, Ophthalm Pathol Lab, Dept Ophthalmol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Font, RL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Cullen Eye Inst, Ophthalm Pathol Lab, Dept Ophthalmol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY02520] NR 22 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD APR PY 2000 VL 107 IS 4 BP 795 EP 800 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)00151-7 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300LV UT WOS:000086255200040 PM 10768345 ER PT J AU Dayton, D Restaino, S Gonglewski, J Gallegos, J McDermott, S Browne, S Rogers, S Vaidyanathan, M Shilko, M AF Dayton, D Restaino, S Gonglewski, J Gallegos, J McDermott, S Browne, S Rogers, S Vaidyanathan, M Shilko, M TI Laboratory and field demonstration of a low cost membrane mirror adaptive optics system SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; micro-machined membrane mirror AB We present here results of laboratory and field experiments using the OKO technologies membrane mirror as an adaptive optics device. The device can be operated at high temporal bandwidths from a low cost PC based control system. We have constructed a complete adaptive optics system costing less than twenty thousand dollars. In this paper we present results from this system used both in laboratory tests and on a one meter telescope located at Apache Point, New Mexico. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing N Amer, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Logicon Adv Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92806 USA. Willow Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87192 USA. ITT, Adv Engn Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1900 Randolph SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 6 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 176 IS 4-6 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00487-9 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 302GK UT WOS:000086357200008 ER PT J AU Mair, EA Day, RH AF Mair, EA Day, RH TI Cautery-assisted palatal stiffening operation SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; UVULOPALATOPHARYNGOPLASTY; UVULOPALATOPLASTY; LASER; COMPLICATIONS; ELECTROCAUTERY; RELIEF AB Outpatient surgical therapy of habitual snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea has evolved significantly in recent years. We introduce the cautery-assisted palatal stiffening operation (CAPSO) and detail its important advantages over uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty, and palatal radiofrequency ablation, CAPSO is critically analyzed with regard to extent of surgery, need for repetition of procedure, results, complications, predictors of success, and cost analysis. CAPSO is a mucosal surgery that induces a midline palatal scar that stiffens the floppy palate. Two hundred six consecutive patients underwent CAPSO over an 18-month period, followed by office examination and telephone evaluation. The success rate was initially 92% and dipped to 77% after 1 year. CAPSO eliminates excessive snoring caused by palatal flutter and has success rates that were comparable with those of traditional palatal surgery. CAPSO is a simple and safe office procedure that avoids the need for multiple-stage operations and does not rely on expensive laser systems or radiofrequency generators and hand pieces. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Otorhinolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(00)70099-4 PG 9 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 303KG UT WOS:000086420600014 PM 10740176 ER PT J AU Shenberger, JS Dixon, PS AF Shenberger, JS Dixon, PS TI Involvement of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) in the cellular respone to hyperoxia SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1487 BP 252A EP 252A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301485 ER PT J AU Dirnberger, DR Yoder, BA Michael, G AF Dirnberger, DR Yoder, BA Michael, G TI Single vs repeated-course antenatal corticosteroids: Outcomes in singleton and multiple-gestation pregnancies SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Magella Med Associates, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 2341 BP 396A EP 396A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155302339 ER PT J AU Shenberger, JS Dixon, PS Choate, J AF Shenberger, JS Dixon, PS Choate, J TI Oxidative stress increases cyclooxygenase protein but decreases enzyme activity in human lung fibroblasts SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 2847 BP 482A EP 482A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155302846 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Singh, A Liu, JK Luong, EM Mumolo, JM LeVan, PD AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Singh, A Liu, JK Luong, EM Mumolo, JM LeVan, PD TI Recent developments and applications of quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article DE infrared photodetector; detectors; multi-color camera; arrays AB One of the simplest device realizations of the classic particle-in-the-box problem of basic quantum mechanics is the quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). In this paper we discuss the optimization of the detector design, material growth and processing that has culminated in realization of large format long-wavelength QWIP cameras, hording forth great promise for many applications in 6-25 mu m wavelength range in science, medicine, defense and industry. In addition, we present the recent developments in long-wavelength/very long-wavelength dualband QWIP imaging camera for various applications. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, M-S 302-306, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00286-6 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 297HL UT WOS:000086076800024 ER PT J AU Park, GC Wiseman, JB Clark, WD AF Park, GC Wiseman, JB Clark, WD TI Correction of congenital microtia using stereolithography for surgical planning SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; MODELS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, MMKR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Park, GC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, MMKR, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1097/00006534-200004040-00028 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 295YD UT WOS:000085995500028 PM 10744239 ER PT J AU Venkatasubramanian, N Dean, DR Dang, TD Price, GE Arnold, FE AF Venkatasubramanian, N Dean, DR Dang, TD Price, GE Arnold, FE TI Solvent cast thermoplastic and thermoset rigid-rod molecular composites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE rigid-rod thermoplastic molecular composite; rigid-rod thermoset molecular composite; acid-bass interaction-mediated compatibilization ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; PHENOLIC MATERIALS; IONIC INTERACTIONS; SIDE-GROUPS; POLYMERS; MORPHOLOGY; COPOLYMERS; FIBERS; BENZOXAZINES; PENDANTS AB Acid-base interaction-mediated compatibilization between rigid-rod and matrix polymer components facilitated the formation and processing of solvent cast aromatic heterocyclic rigid-rod thermoplastic as well as thermoset molecular composites above the critical concentration (C-cr) of the rigid-rod polymer in solution, without phase separation. The blends were solvent cast by the mechanism of ionic interchange between a sulfonic acid-pendent poly(p-phenylenebenzobisimidazole) (SPBI), solubilized in alcohol as its triethylammonium salt and basic thermoplastics such as poly(vinylpyridine)s or secondary or tertiary amines with thermosettable phenylethynyl, nadimide and bisbenzoxazine functionalities. Morphological characterization, utilizing SEM, WAXS and SAXS of as cast as well as annealed/thermally cured optically clear film composites of a broad range of compositions revealed homogeneous microstructures with no observable phase-separated domains, indicating high miscibility, ascribable to the favorable negative enthalpy of the ionic association between the rod-matrix components. A preliminary dynamic mechanical study of compression molded rigid-rod thermoplastic blends with relatively low rod contents showed significant enhancement in thermomechanical properties vis-a-vis the pristine matrix. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBP,AFRL,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Arnold, FE (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBP,AFRL,Polymer Branch, 2941 P St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD APR PY 2000 VL 41 IS 9 BP 3213 EP 3226 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00510-8 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 276LL UT WOS:000084879200012 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R TI A review of techniques for buffering against uncertainty with MRP systems SO PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL LA English DT Review DE material requirements planning; safety stock; safety lead time ID REQUIREMENTS PLANNING SYSTEMS; SAFETY STOCKS; TIME AB Material requirements planning (MRP) is regarded as one of the most widely used systems for production planning and control in industry. In theory, the logic of MRP would preclude the use of buffering. In reality, uncertainty exists in the production system in Various stages. Buffering is a primary means of protecting against degradation of performance due to the uncertainty. In this paper we review the literature for techniques and methodologies suggested to deal with the uncertainty. It is noted that no integrated or general methodologies exist to deal with this problem and several gaps still exist in approaches to deal with the uncertainty. Another shortcoming of previous work has been the limited amount of realism in the models and approaches as is the failure to account for the interactions between MRP and other areas of the planning and control system. Further research in this area is called for. C1 Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Logist & Acquisit Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business Adm, Rockwell Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0953-7287 J9 PROD PLAN CONTROL JI Prod. Plan. Control PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1080/095372800232199 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 298LJ UT WOS:000086140400003 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Motivation SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD APR PY 2000 VL 22 IS 2 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 309AE UT WOS:000086744400010 ER PT J AU Yu, KO Barton, HA Mahle, DA Frazier, JM AF Yu, KO Barton, HA Mahle, DA Frazier, JM TI In vivo kinetics of trichloroacetate in male Fischer 344 rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE trichloroacetate; pharmacokinetics; in vivo; Fischer 344 rats; protein binding; elimination kinetics ID PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; LIVER; MICE; METABOLITES; CARCINOGENICITY; MOUSE; INDUCTION AB Trichloroacetate (TCA) is a toxicologically important metabolite of the industrial solvents trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, and a by-product of the chlorination of drinking water. Tissue disposition and elimination of C-14-TCA were investigated in male Fischer 344 rats injected iv with 6.1, 61, or 306 mu mol TCA/kg body weight. Blood and tissues were collected at various time points up to 24 h. No metabolites were observed in plasma, urine, or tissue extracts. Overall TCA kinetics in tissues were similar at all doses. Based on similar terminal elimination rate constants, tissues could be divided into three classes: plasma, RBC, muscle, and fat; kidney and skin; and liver, small intestine, and large intestine. Nonextractable radiolabel, assumed to be biologically incorporated metabolites in both liver and plasma, increased with time, peaking at 6-9 h postinjection. The fraction of the initial dose excreted in the urine at 24 h increased from 67% to 84% as the dose increased, whereas fecal excretion decreased from 7% to 4%. The cumulative elimination of TCA as CO2 at 24 h decreased from 12% to 8% of the total dose. Two important kinetic processes were identified: a) hepatic intracellular concentrations of TCA were significantly greater than free plasma concentrations, indicating concentrative transport at the hepatic sinusoidal plasma membrane, and b) TCA appears to be reabsorbed from urine postfiltration at the glomerulus, either in the renal tubules or in the bladder. These processes have an impact on the effective tissue dosimetry in liver and kidney and may play an important role in TCA toxicity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate,HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. US EPA, Pharmacokinet Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate,HEST, Bldg 79,2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 54 IS 2 BP 302 EP 311 DI 10.1093/toxsci/54.2.302 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 299XT UT WOS:000086224300005 PM 10774812 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA TI Reactions of H3O+(H2O)(n) with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; IONS; GAS; CLUSTERS; KINETICS; ENERGY AB Rate constants were measured as a function of temperature for the reactions of H3O+(H2O)(0-4) with CH3CHO and H3O+(H2O)(0-5) with CH2O. The CH3CHO reactions all occur at the collision rate to within the experimental error. The n = 0 ion reacts via proton transfer, while the clusters react via ligand switching. In the CH2O reactions, n = 0 reacts at 90% of the collision rate and proceeds by proton transfer. The n = 1 reaction is somewhat less efficient and proceeds by ligand exchange. The efficiencies for both reactions are independent of temperature. The n = 2-5 reactions are progressively slower, except for the point at the highest temperature at which a particular cluster has been studied for n = 3-5. Thermal dissociation is postulated to be the reason for the upturn at higher temperatures. Otherwise, the reactions involve mostly ligand exchange with some association occurring at low temperature. The use of these results in model calculations of particle formation in jet engine exhaust is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 30 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 12 BP 2706 EP 2709 DI 10.1021/jp993797t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 299ML UT WOS:000086202300024 ER PT J AU Lukin, MD Hemmer, PR AF Lukin, MD Hemmer, PR TI Quantum entanglement via optical control of atom-atom interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; DIAMOND AB Two-photon optical transitions combined with long-range dipole-dipole interactions can be used for the coherent manipulation of multiatom collective states. We show that it is possible to induce optical resonances accompanied by the generation of entangled superpositions of such atomic states. Resonances of this kind can be used to implement quantum logic gates using optically excited single atoms (impurities) in the condensed phase. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Lukin, MD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 13 BP 2818 EP 2821 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2818 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 297BQ UT WOS:000086062000013 ER PT J AU Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Dynamical origin of low frequency fluctuations in external cavity semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID WEAK OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY; INSTABILITY; BIFURCATION; ATTRACTORS; LINEWIDTH; SUBJECT; LANG; MODE AB Low-frequency fluctuations (LLFs) in semiconductor lasers subject to time-delayed optical feedback from external reflectors have been experimentally observed and theoretically studied for the past two decades. Yet recently a question has come into focus: whether these fluctuations are only a transient phenomenon. This Letter addresses this issue from the viewpoint of deterministic chaotic transitions. In particular, we investigate the single-mode single-delay Lang-Kobayashi equations by constructing a scheme that allows for a detailed bifurcation analysis and, consequently, an understanding of the coexistence of LFFs and stable emission on the maximum gain mode, the latter's being the subject of recent experiments [Phys. Rev. A 60 (1999) 634]. Our computations suggest that LFFs can be either transient or sustained, depending on the dynamical interplay between the maximum gain mode and a chaotic set. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Math, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USAF, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lai, YC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Math, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Davidchack, Ruslan/D-8030-2011 OI Davidchack, Ruslan/0000-0001-9418-5322 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAR 27 PY 2000 VL 267 IS 5-6 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00133-X PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 308HH UT WOS:000086704100010 ER PT J AU Alexander, MD Dudis, DS McKellar, BR AF Alexander, MD Dudis, DS McKellar, BR TI Designing air and water stable n-doped polymers and model compounds: Molecular modeling and experimental results. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Polymer Grp, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 213-POLY BP U387 EP U387 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202164 ER PT J AU Anderson, DP AF Anderson, DP TI Composite-property enhancement with nanoscale-inorganic fillers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 96-PMSE BP U480 EP U480 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202676 ER PT J AU Baur, JW Durstock, MF Taylor, BE Spry, RJ McKellar, BR Mobley, FS Dudis, DS Franks, M Clarson, SJ Chiang, LY AF Baur, JW Durstock, MF Taylor, BE Spry, RJ McKellar, BR Mobley, FS Dudis, DS Franks, M Clarson, SJ Chiang, LY TI Nanostructured organic photovoltaic devices via electrostatic self-assembly. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr COndensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 601-POLY BP U456 EP U456 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202549 ER PT J AU Baur, JW Alexander, MD Vaia, RA Kannan, R Sankaran, B Prasad, PN Kirkpatrick, SA AF Baur, JW Alexander, MD Vaia, RA Kannan, R Sankaran, B Prasad, PN Kirkpatrick, SA TI Structure-property relationships of two-proton-absorbing amino-fluorene molecules with heterocyclic acceptors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Photon Res Lab, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 345-POLY BP U407 EP U407 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202294 ER PT J AU Bharadwaj, RK Berry, RJ Farmer, BL AF Bharadwaj, RK Berry, RJ Farmer, BL TI Molecular dynamics simulation of norbornene-POSS polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 48-POLY BP U362 EP U362 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201999 ER PT J AU Blanski, RL Phillips, SH Chaffee, K Lichtenhan, J Lee, A Geng, HP AF Blanski, RL Phillips, SH Chaffee, K Lichtenhan, J Lee, A Geng, HP TI Preparation and properties of organic-inorganic hybrid materials by blending polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes into organic polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Hybrid Plast, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 383-POLY BP U413 EP U413 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202332 ER PT J AU Brown, JM Curliss, DB Vaia, RA AF Brown, JM Curliss, DB Vaia, RA TI Processing and morphology in thermosetting-layered silicate nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 218-PMSE BP U497 EP U498 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202797 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Zhang, XZ Sheehy, JA Bau, R AF Christe, KO Zhang, XZ Sheehy, JA Bau, R TI Tetrafluorohalogen cations ClF4+, BrF4+, and IF4+ and their isoelectronic counterparts SF4, SeF4, and TeF4. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 54-FLUO BP U667 EP U667 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103631 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Hughes, A AF Cooper, TM Hughes, A TI Self-assembly in peptide-dye complexes: Investigation of aggregation behavior of Lys(16) and Congo Red. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 204-POLY BP U386 EP U386 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202155 ER PT J AU Curliss, DB AF Curliss, DB TI Characterization of a series of glassy epoxy-silicate nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 43-POLY BP U361 EP U362 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201994 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Arnold, FE TI Aromatic benzobisazole polymers based on 1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl moiety. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MLBP, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 141-POLY BP U376 EP U376 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202092 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Hudson, LS Feld, WA Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Hudson, LS Feld, WA Arnold, FE TI Synthesis and characterization of aromatic benzoxazole containing allylether pendent groups. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, MLBP, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 80-POLY BP U367 EP U367 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202031 ER PT J AU Denny, LR Baur, JW Alexander, MD Kirkpatrick, SM Clarson, SJ AF Denny, LR Baur, JW Alexander, MD Kirkpatrick, SM Clarson, SJ TI Two-photon, up-converted, fluorescence-facilitated photopolymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MLPJ, AFRL, SAIC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 24-POLY BP U359 EP U359 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201976 ER PT J AU Dudis, DS Yeates, AT Das, GP Duan, XF AF Dudis, DS Yeates, AT Das, GP Duan, XF TI Decade of modeling NLO responses in molecules and polymers: A tribute to the vision of Bruce Reinhardt. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Polymer Branch,AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 343-POLY BP U407 EP U407 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202292 ER PT J AU Dudis, DS McKellar, BR AF Dudis, DS McKellar, BR TI Synthesis and theory of n-methylated poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT) as an n-dopable-conducting polymer. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch,AFRL, MLBP,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 150-POLY BP U377 EP U377 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202101 ER PT J AU Durstock, MF Rubner, M AF Durstock, MF Rubner, M TI Dielectric properties of sequentially adsorbed polyelectrolyte multilayers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MLBP, AFRL, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 184-COLL BP U530 EP U530 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102878 ER PT J AU Feher, FJ Luecke, S Schwab, JJ Lichtenhan, JD Phillips, SH Lee, A AF Feher, FJ Luecke, S Schwab, JJ Lichtenhan, JD Phillips, SH Lee, A TI Hybrid materials from epoxide-substituted POSS frameworks. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Hybrid Plast, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 45-POLY BP U362 EP U362 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201996 ER PT J AU Feuring, J Racicot, R AF Feuring, J Racicot, R TI Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies of a double-strand polyaniline coating on aluminum alloys in acidic environments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFC, Dept Chem, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. RI Vershok, Dmitry/B-5258-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 438-CHED BP U352 EP U352 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101829 ER PT J AU Fu, BX Zhang, WH Hsiao, BS Johansson, G Sauer, B Phillips, S Blanski, R Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J AF Fu, BX Zhang, WH Hsiao, BS Johansson, G Sauer, B Phillips, S Blanski, R Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J TI Synthesis and characterization of novel segmented polyurethanes containing POSS nanostructural molecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Dupont Co, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 384-POLY BP U413 EP U413 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202333 ER PT J AU Haddad, TS Lee, A Mather, PT Phillips, SH AF Haddad, TS Lee, A Mather, PT Phillips, SH TI Thermosets modified with hybrid inorganic-organic polyhedra. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, ERC, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 382-POLY BP U413 EP U413 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202331 ER PT J AU Hopkins, FK Zetts, JS Grote, JG Nelson, RL AF Hopkins, FK Zetts, JS Grote, JG Nelson, RL TI Electro-optic polymers and their coming impact. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 337-POLY BP U406 EP U406 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202286 ER PT J AU Huang, XY Lewis, S Brittain, WJ Vaia, RA AF Huang, XY Lewis, S Brittain, WJ Vaia, RA TI Preparation of polycarbonate-layered silicate nanocomposite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 385-POLY BP U413 EP U413 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202334 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Su, WJ Hazel, J Grant, J Fleitz, P Bunning, M AF Jiang, H Su, WJ Hazel, J Grant, J Fleitz, P Bunning, M TI Electrostatic self-assembly using chitosan-treated substrates - Part I: Mechanism and morphology. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Anteon Co, AFRL, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 203-COLL BP U532 EP U532 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102896 ER PT J AU Lincoln, DM Vaia, RA Sanders, JH Phillips, SD Cutler, JN Cerbus, CA AF Lincoln, DM Vaia, RA Sanders, JH Phillips, SD Cutler, JN Cerbus, CA TI Formation of inorganic passivation layers on polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Systran Fed Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 125-PMSE BP U484 EP U484 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202705 ER PT J AU Mather, PT Jeon, HG Chun, SB Pyun, J Matyjaszewski, K AF Mather, PT Jeon, HG Chun, SB Pyun, J Matyjaszewski, K TI Synthesis and microstructural characterization of POSS-based triblock copolymers prepared using atom-transfer radical polymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Systran Corp, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Macromol Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 381-POLY BP U412 EP U413 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202330 ER PT J AU Mather, PT Haddad, TS AF Mather, PT Haddad, TS TI Strain recovery in POSS-hybrid thermoplastics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Systran Corp, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, ERC, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 47-POLY BP U362 EP U362 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201998 ER PT J AU McClain, MD Dudis, DS AF McClain, MD Dudis, DS TI Synthesis and modeling of benzimidazoles for n-doped polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cedarville Coll, Dept Sci & Math, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch,AFRL, MLBP,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 149-POLY BP U377 EP U377 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202100 ER PT J AU McKellar, BR Dudis, DS Sankaran, B Alexander, MD Tan, LS AF McKellar, BR Dudis, DS Sankaran, B Alexander, MD Tan, LS TI Toward environmentally stable N-dopable-conducting benzazole polymers: N-methylation of poly(2,5-pyridyl benzobisthiazole) and model compound studies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch,AFRL, MLBP,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 154-POLY BP U378 EP U378 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202105 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Dotan, I Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Dotan, I Viggiano, AA TI High temperature studies of N2+ reactions with CO2, SO2 (300-1400 K). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 252-PHYS BP U315 EP U315 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201711 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Kirkpatrick, SM Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Kirkpatrick, SM Stone, MO TI Nonlinear fluorescent behavior of green fluorescent protein. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Labs, AFRL, MLPJ, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 116-BIOL BP U144 EP U144 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100670 ER PT J AU Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Spectral variants of green fluorescent protein using DNA shuffling. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFRL, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 618-CHED BP U387 EP U388 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102009 ER PT J AU Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Spectral variants of green fluorescent protein using DNA shuffling. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, AFRL, MLPJ, Res Lab,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 115-BIOL BP U143 EP U143 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100669 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR AF O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR TI Reductive dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride by Cu-amended green rust. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 183-ENVR BP U647 EP U647 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103517 ER PT J AU Pan, WP Xie, W Gao, ZM Vaia, R Hunter, DL Singh, A AF Pan, WP Xie, W Gao, ZM Vaia, R Hunter, DL Singh, A TI Characterization of organically modified montmorillonite by thermal techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Mat Characterizat, Thermal Anal Lab, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. So Clay Prod Inc, Gonzales, TX 78629 USA. Triton Syst Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 221-PMSE BP U498 EP U498 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202800 ER PT J AU Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL TI Structure of side-chain (liquid-crystalline poly(silylenemethylene)s. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Virginia, USAF, Res Lab,MLBP, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. MLBP, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 397-POLY BP U415 EP U415 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202346 ER PT J AU Prasad, PN Reinhardt, B Pudavar, H Min, YH Lal, M Winiarz, J Biswas, A Levy, L AF Prasad, PN Reinhardt, B Pudavar, H Min, YH Lal, M Winiarz, J Biswas, A Levy, L TI Polymer-based new photonic technology using two photon chromophores and hybrid inorganic-organic nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Photon Res Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, WL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 338-POLY BP U406 EP U406 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202287 ER PT J AU Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ TI Effect of fluorinated acrylate monomer on the performance of holographic PDLCS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. SAIC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. TMCI, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. MLPJ, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 208-POLY BP U386 EP U386 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202159 ER PT J AU Su, WJ Jiang, H Chandra, S McLean, D Fleitz, P AF Su, WJ Jiang, H Chandra, S McLean, D Fleitz, P TI Electrostatic self-assembly using chitosan-treated substrates - Part II: Optical properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Anteon Co, MLPJ, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SAIC, MLPJ, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 204-COLL BP U532 EP U533 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102897 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R TI Electronic descriptors for QSARs of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 041-COMP BP U594 EP U594 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103207 ER EF