TY - RPRT AN - 00799296 AU - Bureau of the Census AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS: TRANSPORTATION. 1997 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY PY - 1999/12 SP - 89 p. AB - This survey produces data on the movement of goods in the United States. This report presents data on hazardous materials shipment characteristics. KW - Census KW - Commodity flow KW - Hazardous materials KW - Safety KW - Shipments UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17100/17192/PB2001100102.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9002/97tcf-hz.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799297 AU - Bureau of the Census AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS: TRANSPORTATION. 1997 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY. UNITED STATES. EXPORTS PY - 1999/12 SP - 57 p. AB - This survey produces data on the movement of goods in the United States. This report presents data on export shipment characteristics. The report defines exports as shipments with a destination outside of the United States. Information is provided on the foreign city, country of destination, and mode of transportation by which the shipment left the country. KW - Census KW - Commodity flow KW - Exports KW - Shipments KW - Transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9001/97cfexp.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00788929 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - POCKET GUIDE TO TRANSPORTATION PY - 1999/12 SP - 38 p. AB - This pocket-sized pamphlet provides a snapshot of transportation trends over the last 30 years. Compiled from multiple sources, the guide is divided into five sections: transportation system extent, transportation and safety, mobility, transportation and the economy, and transportation, energy, and the environment. A glossary is also included. KW - Air transportation KW - Economic factors KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - International trade KW - Mobility KW - Petroleum KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation safety KW - Travel KW - United States KW - Urban transit KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16009/PB2000102028.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783620 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION HIGHLIGHTS PY - 1999/12 SP - 50 p. AB - This summary report provides key statistics on passenger travel, freight activity, transportation safety, and transportation energy use for Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The report provides data for 1996, the last year for which comparable data are readily available. All of the value data are reported in current U.S. dollars. KW - Aviation KW - Canada KW - Energy consumption KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Highways KW - Marine transit KW - Mexico KW - North America KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Pipelines KW - Public transit KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Roads KW - Statistics KW - Transportation safety KW - United States UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_transportation_highlights/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806993 AU - Lee, HS-H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS ON PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT IN PROXIMITY TO HIGH-SPEED TRAIN OPERATIONS PY - 1999/12 SP - 52 p. AB - Amtrak is planning to provide high-speed passenger train service at speeds significantly higher than their current top speed of 125 mph, and with these higher speeds, there are concerns with safety from the aerodynamic effects created by a passing train. Trains operating at high speeds will pass other trains on adjacent tracks, passengers on station platforms, and other equipment and workers along the wayside. The aerodynamic effects created by a passing train include both pressure and induced airflow which can be a potential hazard to equipment and people in proximity to the passing train. This report assesses the potential hazards created from the aerodynamic effects of passing high-speed trains at speeds of 150 mph. It will specifically address the hazards to window glazing on passenger trains and to people on station platforms. A literature review was conducted and many of the data obtained served as a basis for this study. A description associated with passing trains and data on aerodynamic force levels produced from a passing train are presented first. Data on structural load limits for glazing and tolerance levels for human comfort which provide criteria for hazard assessment are also presented. Second, computations are performed to assess the potential hazards of passing high-speed trains to train window glazing and to people. KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Amtrak KW - Comfort KW - Equipment KW - Hazard evaluation KW - High speed rail KW - Human beings KW - Safety KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Window glass UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13047/ord9911.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16400/16421/PB2000103858.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42700/42744/ord9911.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00790755 AU - Barami, B AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PARTNERSHIP TO PROMOTE ENHANCED FREIGHT MOVEMENT AT INTERNATIONAL BORDER GATEWAYS: A STRATEGIC PLAN PY - 1999/12 SP - 46 p. AB - In November 1998, the Subcommittee on Transportation Research and Development (R&D) of the National Science and Technology Council released the first Federal Transportation Technology Plan. The plan presents initial implementation strategies for private-public partnerships, including the initiative for Enhanced Goods and Freight Movement at Domestic and International Gateways, which addresses the need for more flexible, efficient, and seamless freight transportation systems. The partnership has three overall objectives: improve freight mobility at land borders and ports, ensure the diffusion of freight information technologies and networks, and expedite the global flow of goods. The gateways partnership promotes an integrated freight R&D and investment policy and private-public collaboration on large-scale investment projects. This strategic plan outlines the partnership's outcome goals, investment strategies, and anticipated impacts for border gateways. The plan defines four key outcome goals for border gateways: improved facility capacity to reduce congestion at border corridors through application of advanced traffic control systems; improved intermodal access at the border facilities through deployment of automated cargo inspection and clearance systems; improved intermodal connectivity through promotion of an integrated, corridor-level infrastructure investment and planning process; and an enhanced U.S. international competitive position based on facilitation of the transaction processes at the U.S. land borders. For each outcome goal, the plan presents an investment strategy, anticipated impacts, critical technology elements, and case studies. A list of acronyms is appended. KW - Accessibility KW - Cargo handling KW - Case studies KW - Competition KW - Computer networks KW - Facilities KW - Federal government KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal facilities KW - International borders KW - International relations KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Mobility KW - Port capacity KW - Ports KW - Public policy KW - Public private partnerships KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Traffic control KW - United States UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/strtplns/nstc/brdrgtwy/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00791179 AU - Thompson, A AU - Powers, G AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1998 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1999/12 SP - 160 p. AB - This is the ninth edition of the Safety Management Information Statistics (SAMIS) Annual Report. It provides comprehensive transit safety and security data collected from recipients of Urbanized Area Formula funds through the National Transit Database Reporting System. Statistics are presented on tables, graphs, and charts. SAMIS is a compilation and analysis of transit accident, casualty, and crime statistics. The transit safety trends for 1990-1998 are graphically illustrated, as well as 1998 safety data for four basic categories: collisions, derailments/buses going off road, personal casualties, and fires. Safety statistics are reported for the following transit modes: automated guideway, commuter rail, demand response, heavy rail, light rail, bus, and vanpool. The report also includes security trends for 1996-1998 and 1998 security data. Security trends charts for directly operated transit modes and purchased transportation have been added. Two types of security data are collected: crime index and arrests for offenses. KW - Casualties KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Crimes KW - Derailments KW - Fires KW - Information management KW - Information systems KW - Public transit KW - Safety and security UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16400/16484/PB2000104058.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00791093 AU - Harrison, J A AU - Anderson, R AU - Redington, M AU - Rutyna, D AU - Rutyna, E AU - Oxley, C AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - EG&G Technical Services, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING RESULTS 1998 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1999/12 SP - 112 p. AB - The Drug and Alcohol Testing Results 1998 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of drug and alcohol testing results reported by the transit systems in the United States during 1998. The report covers results for the following drug types: marijuana (THC), cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), opiates, and amphetamines. The drug test types covered are: pre-employment, random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion, return-to-duty, and follow-up. The report also covers testing results for alcohol for the following test types: random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion, return-to-duty, and follow-up. KW - Alcohol tests KW - Amphetamines KW - Cocaine KW - Drug tests KW - Marijuana KW - Public transit KW - Random breath tests KW - Safety KW - Testing UR - http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Publications/Substance/DAMIS98/damis98.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15700/15753/PB2000100624.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648349 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00789364 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS AND MODE CHOICE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF MODELING WITH DISAGGREGATED REVEALED PREFERENCE DATA PY - 1999/12 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - p. 149-158 AB - This paper analyzes the freight demand charactreistics that drive modal choice by means of a large scale, national, disaggregate revealed preference database for shippers in France in 1988, using a nested logit. Particular attention is given to private transportation and combined public and private transportation. After aggregation and validation of discrete choice models, the influence of demand characteristics on freight modal choice is analyzed. The maximum probability of choosing public road transportation takes place at approximately 700 kilometers, while that of choosing rail transportation takes place at 1,300 kilometers. KW - Demand KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - France KW - Freight transportation KW - Logits KW - Mode choice KW - Private transportation KW - Public service KW - Rail transit UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n2/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7600/7600/4jiang.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650968 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00789361 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Krlaftis, M AU - McCarthy, P AU - Sinha, K AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - THE STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC TRANSIT COSTS IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE SERIAL CORRELATION PY - 1999/12 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - p. 113-121 AB - Most studies indicate that public transit systems operate under increasing return to capital stock utilization and are siginificantly overcapitalized. Existing flexible form time series analyses, however, fail to correct for serial correlation. In this paper, evidence is presented to show that ignoring multiple serial correlation can have important policy implications. Based on monthly time series data from the Indianapolis Public Transit Corporation, the results indicate that failure to correct for serial correlation significantly affects economies of capital utilization estimates and has potentially important implications for optimal size of the transit fleet. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Capital investments KW - Correlation analysis KW - Cost control KW - Fleet management KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n2/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7500/7597/1karl.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650965 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00789363 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Dill, J AU - Goldman, T AU - Wachs, M AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - CALIFORNIA VEHICLE LICENSE FEES: INCIDENCE AND EQUITY PY - 1999/12 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - p. 133-147 AB - Most states tax the value of residents' motor vehicles. In recent political debates over the future of these levies, the relative effects of these taxes on different socioeconomic groups have been a prominent question. By linking data from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey with estimates of vehicle values from consumer vehicle pricing guides, the socioeconomic and demographic incidence of California's Vehicle License Fee is examined. After the effects of state and federal income tax deductions are taken into account, the fee is found to be as regressive as the state's sales tax. KW - California KW - Demographics KW - Fees KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle licensing KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Taxation UR - http://www.uctc.net/papers/481.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7500/7599/3dill.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650967 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00789365 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Tessmer, J AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - COMPARING INTERNATIONAL CRASH STATISTICS PY - 1999/12 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - p. 159-166 AB - In order to examine national developments in traffic safety, crash statistics from several of the more developed countries are compared with those of the United States. Data obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) are analyzed. Trend analysis for the countries included, the United States, the European Community, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia, show that all regions have experienced decreases over time in the fatality rate per 100,000 population as well as the fatality rate per 100,000 registered vehicles. Fatality data are partitioned by age group, travel type, and roadway type. A variety of problems in collecting and analyzing international data is presented with some recommendations for further improvement. KW - Crash rates KW - Fatal Accident Reporting System KW - Fatalities KW - Traffic safety KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n2/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650969 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00789362 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Cohen, H AU - Southworth, F AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - ON THE MEASUREMENT AND VALUATION OF TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY DUE TO INCIDENTS ON FREEWAYS PY - 1999/12 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - p. 123-131 AB - Incidents on freeways frequently cause long, unanticipated delays, increasing the economic cost of travel to motorists. This paper provides a simple model for estimating the mean and variance of time lost due to incidents on freeways. It also reviews methods for assigning a monetary value to the variability that such incidents introduce into the daily travel. The paper offers an easy-to-implement approach to measuring the performance of freeway incident reduction strategies, an approach that should be useful in early project selection exercises where a sketch planning process is used to identify promising actions. KW - Economic impacts KW - Freeway management systems KW - Freeway operations KW - Incident detection KW - Incident management KW - Model atmosphere KW - Travel time UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n2/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7500/7598/2cohen.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784538 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - G-7 COUNTRIES: TRANSPORTATION HIGHLIGHTS PY - 1999/11 SP - 46 p. AB - This report provides summary statistics on the physical characteristics, use, and performance of transportation networks in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Japan--the Group of Seven (G-7) countries. Data on safety, transportation-related energy use, and environmental impacts are also given. KW - Air transportation KW - Canada KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - France KW - Germany KW - Highway transportation KW - Italy KW - Japan KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation safety KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16087/PB2000102469.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00815146 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - OPERATOR PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE SAFETY: A US DOT SAFETY INITIATIVE FOR MEETING THE HUMAN-CENTERED SYSTEMS CHALLENGE PY - 1999/11 SP - 23 p. AB - Human error is a leading contributing factor in the majority of transportation crashes. This Department of Transportation (DOT) initiative will develop technologies, methods and systems to mitigate human error and improve operator performance for both the noncommercial and commercial operators of transportation vehicles, equipment and systems. The goal of the program is to achieve a systematic implementation of results in transportation practice and produce a one third reduction in transportation incidents that result in fatalities, injuries, and property damage within 10 years after full implementation. The initiative will focus on the following two critical and synergistic safety components related to human factors research, technology development and implementation: 1) Operator Fatigue Management research program for developing and implementing methods and technologies to detect fatigue and to ensure alertness; and 2) Advanced Instructional Technology research program for developing and implementing advanced technologies to improve operator knowledge, skills, and attitudes with a special focus on recognizing and responding to imminent safety threats. KW - Alertness KW - Development KW - Fatalities KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Human error KW - Human factors KW - Implementation KW - Incident management KW - Injuries KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Performance KW - Property KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - Traffic crashes KW - Training KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17500/17560/PB2001102261.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00899848 AU - Liao, S AU - Mosier, Paul AU - Kennedy, William AU - Andrus, David AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - THE AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF HIGH-SPEED TRAINS ON PEOPLE AND PROPERTY AT STATIONS IN THE NORTHEAST CORRIDOR. PY - 1999/11 SP - 146p AB - This report presents the results of a study to evaluate the aerodynamic (air velocity and pressure) effects of the new high-speed trains on the safety and comfort of people and the impacts on physical facilities in and around Northeast Corridor stations. This report focuses particularly on the effects at "non-express-stop" stations, i.e., stations where the trains are not scheduled to stop and will thus pass the stations at potentially higher speeds than current operations. KW - Aerodynamics KW - High speed rail KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Railroad stations KW - Testing KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42700/42747/ord9912.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/613056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789535 AU - Burnham, D C AU - Hallock, J N AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - WIND EFFECTS ON THE LATERAL MOTION OF WAKE VORTICES PY - 1999/11 SP - 70 p. AB - This report examines the influence of crosswind and other factors on the behavior of wake vortices. Data from acoustic remote sensors and in situ sensors were used to track the possible transport of wake vortices between parallel runways. The measurements used ion the analysis came from landing (1976-77) and takeoff (1980) operations at O'Hare International Airport. As expected, wake vortices are observed to transport with the ambient wind; therefore, dangerous wake vortex encounters can be avoided on parallel runaways with suitable assignment of aircraft on the two runways. The analyses of the report were carried out in the mid 1980s and serve to document the O'Hare landing and takeoff database and how they can be used. The status of the acoustic and in situ wake vortex sensors is updated to the later 1990s. KW - Acoustic detectors KW - Aircraft KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Crosswinds KW - Lateral acceleration KW - Motion KW - Parallel runways KW - Remote sensing KW - Sensors KW - Takeoff KW - Vortices KW - Wakes KW - Wind factor (Air navigation) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15800/15810/PB2000101057.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00791212 AU - Coplen, M K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COMPLIANCE WITH RAILROAD OPERATING RULES AND CORPORATE CULTURE INFLUENCES: RESULTS OF A FOCUS GROUP AND STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS PY - 1999/10 SP - 40 p. AB - The term corporate culture (i.e., an organization's shared assumptions, values, artifacts, and communication processes) directly influences both safety and productivity. In the railroad industry, operating rules have become the premier artifacts (i.e., those directly observable aspects of corporate culture, including both things and written procedures) of the industry's safety culture. The shared assumptions, values, and communication processes of the industry determine how the artifacts of operating rules are constructed, interpreted, and compiled with. The report is intended to demonstrate the usefulness of the safety culture concept in the analysis and prevention of accidents in the railroad industry from the perspective of middle management. KW - Compliance KW - Corporations KW - Focus groups KW - Industry structure KW - Operating rules KW - Procedures KW - Productivity KW - Regulations KW - Safety UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2775 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13055/ord9909.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16100/16196/PB2000102932.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784572 AU - Koziol, J AU - Inman, V AU - Carter, M AU - Hitz, J AU - Najm, W AU - Chen, Shuangwu AU - Lam, A AU - Penic, M AU - Jensen, M AU - Baker, M AU - Robinson, M AU - Goodspeed, C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE INTELLIGENT CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM. VOLUME I - STUDY RESULTS; VOLUME II - APPENDICES PY - 1999/10 SP - 546 p. AB - The Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) system evaluation was based on an ICC Field Operational Test (FOT) performed in Michigan. The FOT involved 108 volunteers recruited to drive ten ICC-equipped Chrysler Concordes. Testing was initiated in July 1996 and completed in September 1997. The ICC system tested automatically maintains a set time-headway between an ICC-equipped vehicle and a preceding vehicle through throttle modulation and down-shifting (but not braking). The overall goals were to evaluate: (1) Safety Effects of the ICC System; (2) ICC System and Vehicle Performance; (3) User Acceptance of the ICC System; and (4) System Deployment Issues. The FOT provided three primary sources of data used in the evaluation: (1) digital data on ICC system and vehicle performance (e.g., velocity, time-headway, range) collected in deci-second intervals by an on-board data acquisition system; (2) video data from a forward-looking camera mounted on the vehicle; and (3) participant questionnaires and focus groups. The data were collected by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) and forwarded on CD-ROM disks. A special database was established to support the evaluation. In addition, a number of data processing and analysis tools were also developed. This evaluation report describes the approaches used to address each evaluation goal, discusses detailed results and findings, and makes recommendations in each area. Volume I provides the study results and Volume II provides the supporting appendices. With respect to the primary evaluation goal (safety), it was concluded that use of the ICC system was associated with safer driving compared to manual control and, to a lesser extent, conventional cruise control, and is projected to result in net safety benefits if widely deployed. The evaluation also uncovered some areas of safety concern associated with ICC driving. There are several ameliorating factors, however, that suggest the concerns do not represent an overall safety problem for the ICC system. KW - Acceptance KW - Autonomous intelligent cruise control KW - Cruise control KW - Data collection KW - Deployment KW - Digital data KW - Field tests KW - Focus groups KW - Information processing KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Performance KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety KW - Video data UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798558 AU - Stearns, M D AU - Sussman, E D AU - Belcher, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - DENVER RTD'S COMPUTER AIDED DISPATCH/AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION SYSTEM: THE HUMAN FACTORS CONSEQUENCES PY - 1999/09 SP - 84 p. AB - This report documents what happened to employees' work procedures when their employer installed Computer Aided Dispatch/Automatic Vehicle Locator (CAD/AVL) technology to provide real-time surveillance of vehicles and to upgrade radio communication. Denver's Regional Transportation District (RTD) acquired a CAD/AVL system and installed it systemwide. The Operator Performance and Safety Analysis Division, DTS-79, at the U.S. Department of Transportation's Volpe National Transportation System Center performed the research with the support of the Federal Transit Administration's Advanced Public Transportation Systems Program. The analyses examined the usability of the CAD/AVL features and how CAD/AVL affected the employees' work tasks. Employees' responsibilities remained the same, but they received additional information. Dispatchers transmit and receive more calls. Street supervisors' duties have expanded, but their staffing level is unchanged. Bus operators use new communication procedures, but initially, expressed discomfort with the surveillance capability. RTD can better manage their transit operations because the CAD/AVL system reduces the time they need to respond to incidents in the field. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Bus transit operations KW - Communication systems KW - Computers KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Dispatching KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Personnel performance KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Supervisors KW - Surveillance KW - Technology assessment KW - Transit operators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00794303 AU - Stearns, M D AU - Sussman, E D AU - Belcher, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - DENVER RTD'S COMPUTER AIDED DISPATCH/AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION SYSTEM: THE HUMAN FACTORS CONSEQUENCES PY - 1999/09 SP - 84 p. AB - This report documents what happened to employees and their work procedures when their employer, Denver Regional Transportation District (RTD), installed Computer Aided Dispatch/Automatic Vehicle Locator (CAD/AVL) technology across its entire operation to provide real-time surveillance of vehicles and to upgrade radio communication. The research was conducted to determine and document whether the installation of a CAD/AVL system resulted in shifts in work responsibilities, affected dispatchers, street supervisors, and bus operator attitudes, and to make recommendations to facilitate subsequent CAD/AVL installations. The study identifies the issues, opportunities, and consequences that transit operators face when adopting a CAD/AVL technology. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Communication systems KW - Computer aided design KW - Dispatching KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Personnel performance KW - Public transit KW - Technology assessment KW - Transit operators UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16800/16898/PB2000105979.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33666/33666.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/653830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789164 AU - Gilbo, E AU - McCabe, L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RELATIVE ACCURACY OF CDM AND ETMS IN PREDICTING AIRPORT ARRIVAL DEMAND PY - 1999/09 SP - 26 p. AB - Safety and efficiency in national airspace usage are the fundamental goals of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In order to achieve these objectives, a number of complex systems have been developed. One of these systems, the Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS) is used to predict and manage the efficient flow of aircraft through controlled airspace. Of particular interest to this study, ETMS predicts the flow of aircraft to airports many hours into the future. Under ETMS, flight plans received from the airlines are typically provided less than 2 hours prior to departure. Until flight plan data is received, ETMS relies on Official Airline Guide (0AG) schedule data that is updated weekly. This leaves a significant period of time during which the airlines may have updated flight information not available to the FAA. The collaborative Decision Making (CDM) program was formally initiated in 1995 in order to improve air traffic flow management through increased sharing of information and decision making among the FAA and the airlines. Under CDM, as the airlines change their flight schedules, they send flight creation (FC), modification (FM), and cancellation (FX) messages to the CDM system, starting 15 hours prior to departure. These messages provide the CDM system with updates to the OAG data prior to the issuance of flight plans. This study has two primary objectives: 1. quantify the difference in the accuracy of airport arrival demand predictions performed by ETMS and CDM; and 2. identify and explain the differences between ETMS and CDM predictions. KW - Accuracy KW - Air traffic KW - Airport arrivals KW - Airport operations KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Airport traffic KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Decision making KW - Demand KW - Flight plans KW - Forecasting KW - Information dissemination KW - Management KW - Schedules KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783615 AU - National Science and Technology Council AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR AVIATION SAFETY, SECURITY, EFFICIENCY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY PY - 1999/09 SP - 78 p. AB - This plan describes coordinated long-term research initiatives to bring about advances in aviation that will be required in the opening decades of the next century. The White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security and the National Civil Aviation Review Commission both document the importance of aviation to the nation and the need for investment in research and technology to ensure that the aviation system meets the growing demand for air transportation. This plan serves as the benchmark for the future inter-agency cooperative efforts to optimize essential government research toward the attainment of critical aviation and air transportation goals established by the Federal government and supported by industry. It is a visionary plan presenting cooperative government research and operational solutions in four key areas that otherwise would limit our nation's ability to meet the growing demand for air transportation: safety, security, national airspace system efficiency, and environmental compatibility. The development of this plan signifies the achievement of a broad consensus as to aviation goals and agency roles, and provides the foundation for developing more integrated program plans in the future. Joint research efforts and goals have been developed among: NASA, FAA, DoD, the aviation industry, and the academic community. The research and goals will be further refined and expanded with the involvement of the National Science Foundation, the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Weather Service, and others in the future. KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Aviation KW - Aviation safety KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Environmental quality KW - Industries KW - Interagency relations KW - National Airspace System KW - Research KW - Security KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - U.S. Department of Defense KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration KW - Universities and colleges UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17400/17463/PB2001101767.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783612 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Science and Technology Council TI - COMPARISON OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION R&D EXPENDITURES AND PRIORITIES PY - 1999/09 SP - 34 p. AB - This report provides a summary of total expenditures on research and development (R&D) in general, and of transportation R&D in particular, by the major performers of transportation R&D within the international community. It also compares these levels to total national wealth and enumerates some of the major transportation-related research projects undertaken by these nations, along with their budgets and time frames. It also discusses several recent national efforts to bolster R&D in 'key' and 'critical' technology fields. The countries chosen for inclusion in this assessment (also known as the "Group of Seven") - from the continents of North America, Asia, and Europe - currently undertake the vast majority of transportation R&D in the world today. They are: U.S.A., Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and U.K. In addition to their national programs, France, Germany, Italy and U.K. also participate in the multinational R&D activities of the European Community. KW - Budgeting KW - Canada KW - Development KW - Expenditures KW - France KW - Germany KW - International transportation KW - Italy KW - Japan KW - National wealth KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - United Kingdom KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16091/PB2000102487.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784276 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Science and Technology Council TI - ACCESSIBILITY FOR AGING AND TRANSPORTATION-DISADVANTAGED POPULATIONS: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PY - 1999/09 SP - 13 p. AB - The report addresses the mobility needs of the elderly, the poor, and persons with disabilities. This initiative is a central focus of agencies with transportation responsibilities and an Administration priority. This Implementation Plan presents the planning and programming activities of DOT partners in the accessibility initiative. The report provides background information and describes the partnership's vision, goals, and outcomes and efforts to help to achieve them. As such, it provides a framework for ongoing interagency planning and coordination with the private sector; state, local and tribal governments; and other organizations. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Implementation KW - Interagency relations KW - Low income groups KW - Partnerships KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16100/16164/PB2000102831.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636879 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794736 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION, ENERGY, AND ENVIRONMENT: POLICIES TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - 275 p. AB - This circular contains presentations from the Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation Technologies, one of a series of biennial meetings on the general subject of transportation and energy. The presentations, which are entered individually in the TRIS database, are as follows: Overview, D. Santini and K. Kurani; Introducing More Rational Transport Pricing in Europe, K. Button; The Next Automotive Revolution, C.E. Nash; Sustainable Transportation: Analyzing the Transition to Alternative Travel Vehicles, P. Leiby and J. Rubin; Carbon-Dioxide Emissions from Travel and Freight in IEA Countries: The Recent Past and the Long-Term Future, L. Schipper and C. Marie-Lilliu; Why CAFE Worked, D.L. Greene; Congestion Pricing in the United States: A Review of Early Implementation Experience, M. Cameron; Land Use Policy and Transportation: Why We Won't Get There from Here, G. Giuliano; and 1997 Asimolar Conference Summary, D. Santini, T.E. Lipman and D. Sperling. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Alternate fuels KW - Automotive engineering KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Conferences KW - Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental protection KW - Europe KW - Exhaust gases KW - Land use planning KW - Pricing KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656850 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794740 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Leiby, P AU - Rubin, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION: ANALYZING THE TRANSITION TO ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 54-82 AB - The use of motor fuels by light-duty vehicles is a major contributor to oil demand and greenhouse gas emissions. The rate of introduction of alternative fuel vehicles will be an important influence on the time path of fuel use and emissions, and the sustainability of transportation patterns. The Transitional Alternative Fuels Vehicle (TAFV) Model simulates the use and cost of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles over the time period of 1996 to 2010. It is designed to examine the transitional period of alternative fuel and vehicle use. It accounts for dynamic linkages between investments and vehicle and fuel production capacity, tracks vehicle stock evolution, and represents the effects of increasing scale and expanding retail fuel availability on the effective costs to consumers. Fuel and vehicle prices and choices are endogenous. The model extends previous, long-run comparative static analyses of policies that assumed mature vehicle and fuel industries. As a dynamic transitional model, it can help to assess what may be necessary to reach mature, large scale, alternative fuel and vehicle markets, and what it may cost. Various policy cases are considered including continued ethanol subsidies, tax incentives for low greenhouse gas emitting fuels, and the absence of transitional barriers. (In particular the authors find that a tax subsidy on low greenhouse gas emission fuels equal to the current $0.54 per gallon ethanol subsidy will yield a 20% reduction in annual greenhouse gas emission by 2010.) U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Alternate fuels KW - Automobiles KW - Costs KW - Ethanol KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel consumption KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Impacts KW - Incentives KW - Investments KW - Prices KW - Simulation KW - Subsidies KW - Sustainable development KW - Taxes KW - Transitional Alternative Fuels and Vehicles model KW - Transitional periods KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656854 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794743 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - CAMERON, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONGESTION PRICING IN THE UNITED STATES: A REVIEW OF EARLY IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 165-178 AB - Motor vehicle user fees of many types have been widely debated in the United States over the past decade. Recently some have begun to be implemented on an experimental basis. This paper reviews four efforts to implement congestion pricing, one variant of a family of user fees. Three of the efforts reviewed have been successful, the fourth has not. The analysis suggests three factors that explain the early success of congestion pricing: 1) it addresses both the need to finance infrastructure and reduce social costs of transportation consumption; 2) it is a flexible policy that can be tailored to solve unique transportation problems at the level of local government; 3) it is successful in those instances where it leads to an increase in travel options. The primary conclusion is that early experience with congestion pricing is promising, although large-scale implementation will necessitate a basic shift in U.S. transportation philosophy towards an acceptance of market-based policies. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Case studies KW - Congestion pricing KW - Implementation KW - Market-based policies KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656857 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794744 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Giuliano, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LAND USE POLICY AND TRANSPORTATION: WHY WE WON'T GET THERE FROM HERE PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 179-198 AB - The purpose of this paper is to consider the effectiveness of land use policy as an instrument for reducing environmental and other external costs associated with ownership and use of the private automobile. Emphasis is placed on the long run, since land use change is a slow process, and consequently can potentially have significant effects only in the long run. The author argues that land use change is driven by factors over which we have little policy control, and that current trends of decentralization will continue in the future. Although the link between urban form and travel behavior may be significant, it is highly unlikely that policy actions could shift urban form to patterns associated with less private vehicle travel. The paper begins by presenting some information on international trends in travel and land use patterns. Then it discusses explanatory factors associated with these trends. The final part of the paper addresses the future, and considers the potential of land use policies in the context of long run trends. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Automobile ownership KW - Automobile travel KW - Decentralization KW - Environmental impacts KW - Future KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Long range planning KW - Policy KW - Travel behavior KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban form UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656858 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794738 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Button, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTRODUCING MORE RATIONAL TRANSPORT PRICING IN EUROPE PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 23-35 AB - Pricing of transport in Europe has traditionally had little to do with economic efficiency. It has generally been closely related instead to the fiscal needs of governments. In many countries it has also frequently been used as part of wider political and social processes. This has gradually changed in recent years, with the appreciation of the role pricing can play in stemming excessive environmental damage associated with transport and as the importance of making economically efficient use of transport infrastructure has become more appreciated. Significant changes in attitude have emerged within European nation states as to the importance of achieving sustainable transport, and the theme is central to the transport strategy being developed within the European Union. This paper looks at some of the changes that have taken place in Europe and sets them in a broader geographical context. It takes as axiomatic that "rational" implies efficient in its broadest sense to embrace the range of social and environmental consideration in addition to more narrow financial criteria. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Attitudes KW - Environmental protection KW - Europe KW - European Union KW - Pricing KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656852 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794745 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Santini, D AU - Lipman, T E AU - SPERLING, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - 1997 ASIMOLAR CONFERENCE SUMMARY PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 199-271 AB - A summary of the conference presentations is given. Each speaker's comments are summarized and the questions and comments following some of the presentations are included. The first session introduced the problems and issues relevant to the conference, developing the context. The subsequent sessions focused on policies that can promote commercialization of more sustainable technologies and provide motivation for alteration of present patterns of transportation technology use. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Conferences KW - Energy KW - Environmental policy KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Sustainable development KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656859 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794741 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schipper, L AU - MARIE-LILLIU, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM TRAVEL AND FREIGHT IN IEA COUNTRIES: THE RECENT PAST AND THE LONG-TERM FUTURE PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 83-118 AB - This paper summarizes recent work at the International Energy Agency (IEA) to quantify the underlying trends in emissions, as part of a study of the Transport/CO2 strategies of six IEA countries (Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the U.S.). Where relevant, this analysis refers to other IEA countries as well. Preliminary considerations were presented in "Transport, Energy, and Climate Change" (IEA, 1997). A new framework is presented for decomposing emissions into activity, modal share, energy intensity, and carbon content of fuels. The savings in energy and CO2 made before 1990 and trends since 1990 are compared to assess energy or CO2 policies. Passenger and freight transports are differentiated in the analysis. For freight, key parameters are not so much the efficiency of trucks as the mix of trucks by size and capacity, the way their capacity is utilized, and actual traffic conditions. Schematic forms are then reintroduced to suggest where to look for energy and CO2 savings. This schematic will then serve for the case studies now in progress. It is reported somewhat pessimistically that, while some countries appear to be attacking all components of CO2 emissions, none have any clear and large dramatic savings in sight. However, new automobile technologies, spurred perhaps by voluntary agreements in Brussels, Tokyo, and Washington, could provide large, longer-term restraint as these new technologies penetrate the fleet. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Automobiles KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental policy KW - Exhaust gases KW - Freight transportation KW - Future KW - History KW - International Energy Agency KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Travel KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656855 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794742 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Greene, D L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WHY CAFE WORKED PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 119-164 AB - The 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act established mandatory fuel economy standards for passenger cars and light trucks sold in the U.S. Since that time the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards have often been criticized as costly, inefficient, and even unsafe, despite the general absence of direct empirical evidence to support such claims. This paper reviews empirical evidence on the impacts of the CAFE standards and explains why properly designed and executed fuel economy regulations may be preferable to other policies for reducing petroleum dependence and carbon emissions. It appears that the standards substantially achieved their objective of restraining U.S. oil consumption without producing significant negative side-effects because they were set at levels that could be achieved by cost-effective or nearly cost-effective technological innovations. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Automobiles KW - Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) KW - Energy Policy and Conservation Act KW - Environmental policy KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Light trucks KW - Regulations KW - Technological innovations KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/700/725/cafeornl.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656856 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794737 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Santini, D AU - Kurani, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OVERVIEW - CONFERENCE ON POLICIES FOR FOSTERING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 1-22 AB - The 1997 conference attendees examined three broad categories of policy - pricing, regulation, and land-use planning. The lesson advocated at the conference was that one should only expect measurable impact from land use planning on transportation energy consumption and emissions if consistent policies can be maintained for long periods of time. The 1997 conference focused almost exclusively on the light duty vehicle (passenger cars and light trucks). Included in this overview is a synthesis of the Asimolar conferences of 1991, 1993, and 1995. The papers and the 1997 conference addressed the importance and potential value of three different government policy instruments: transportation fuel taxes, regulation, and research and development programs. The discussion involved the relative desirability of applying these policy instruments to three different objectives: reduction of (a) petroleum-based transportation fuels consumption, (b) criteria pollutant emissions, and (c) net greenhouse gases. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Automobiles KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental protection KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel taxes KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Land use planning KW - Light trucks KW - Pollution control KW - Pricing KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656851 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00794739 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - NASH, C E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE NEXT AUTOMOTIVE REVOLUTION PY - 1999/08 IS - 492 SP - p. 36-53 AB - This paper concentrates on how motor vehicle transportation can become less environmentally damaging, demanding of natural resources, and brutal to life and limb. The question addressed is, what tools do we have to address the ill-effects of cars and trucks while enhancing the freedom and flexibility they provide? It is pointed out that three essential forces continue to shape the automobile: the push of entrepreneurs and competition; the pull of consumer demand; and the governance of adverse automotive impacts, their regulation, and other market-shaping factors. And just as these forces produced revolutions in the past, they will produce the next revolution, which will result from similar major dynamic forces such as an energy or environmental crisis, a major new market entrant, or a substantial shift in the public's transportation needs and desires. The specific confluence of those forces and the direction of the next revolution cannot be accurately predicted or yet clearly discerned. The best hope for the future of motor vehicles as a key part of sustainable transportation is for advocates to be prepared to shape the next revolution when it comes. U1 - Conference on Policies for Fostering Sustainable Transportation TechnologiesU.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett FoundationPacific Grove, California StartDate:19970817 EndDate:19970820 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Federal Highway Administration; U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics; University of California Transportation Center; Energy Foundation; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation KW - Automobiles KW - Competition KW - Consumer behavior KW - Economic and social factors KW - Energy crisis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Future KW - Markets KW - Paradigm shift KW - Regulations KW - Sustainable development KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/656853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789537 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IMPROVING RAILROAD SAFETY AND RAIL PASSENGER TECHNOLOGY THROUGH TARGETED RESEARCH DEMONSTRATIONS: 1992-1997 PY - 1999/08 SP - 165 p. AB - The Office of Railroad Development of the Federal Railroad Administration conducts research, development, test, and evaluation projects to directly support the Federal Railroad Administrations safety responsibility and to enhance the railroad system, as a significant national transportation resource. This report summarizes the Office of Railroad Development activities from 1992-1997. A report published in 1992 covered the years 1998-1991. This report does not include all the Office of Railroad Development activities undertaken; instead, it is representative of the work performed. Major projects were undertaken in conjunction wit the railroad industry. Where required by the Federal Railroad Administrations public safety responsibility, the work was performed independently. The Office of Railroad Development has relied on cooperative and coordinated programs with other research organizations, other Government agencies, industry associations, individual railroads, and industry suppliers. Organizations participating in cooperative research include the Association of American Railroads; Railway Progress Institute; American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association; Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers; United Transportation Union; individual U.S. railroads and their suppliers; and the Canadian Government and railroads. KW - Development KW - High speed rail KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Locomotives KW - Operations KW - Passenger traffic KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail transit KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Technology KW - Track components KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42700/42733/ord9902.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783408 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - ITS ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT : ELECTRONIC CREDENTIALING FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS PY - 1999/07 SP - 28 p. AB - This report presents an examination of the process used in preparing electronic credentials for commercial vehicle operations in Kentucky Maryland, and Virginia. It describes the experience of using the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems & Networks (CVISN) Architecture for developing state CVISN systems. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - CVISN (Program) KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - Trucking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16700/16768/PB2000104754.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/9650.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00782223 AU - Wang, B AU - Zheng, T AU - Wu, S AU - Chiang, F P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - State University of New York, Stony Brook AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL 3-D RESIDUAL STRESS MEASUREMENT IN RAILS WITH THERMAL ANNEALING PY - 1999/07 SP - 172 p. AB - This report describes a novel method to determine residual stresses in railroad rails. The method uses thermal annealing to relieve the internal stresses in rail slices while advanced techniques are applied to measure the deformations associated with the stress relief. Numerical engineering methods are then used to reconstruct the entire three-dimensional residual stress field from the deformation measurements. This method was applied to rail sections from five different grinding conditions. The rails were obtained from rail grinding experiments performed at the Transportation Technology Center. KW - Annealing KW - Deformation KW - Rail grinding KW - Residual stress KW - Stress relieving KW - Train track dynamics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15700/15779/PB2000100810.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00807001 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Roof, C J AU - Read, D R AU - Burstein, J AU - Senzig, D AU - Rapoza, A S AU - Gerbi, P AU - Lee, CSY AU - Osovski, L AU - Polcak, K D AU - Plante, J A AU - Gulding, J M AU - Pickard, L S AU - Thomson, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - AMBIENT SOUND LEVELS AT FOUR DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR CONSERVATION UNITS IN SUPPORT OF HOMESTEAD AIR BASE REUSE SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1999/06 SP - 356 p. AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in cooperation with the United States Air Force (USAF), is developing a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) in support of the planned commercialization of Homestead Air Base in Southern Florida. As part of this SEIS it is important to analyze potential noise impacts in the areas surrounding the airport. An integral part of this undertaking is the comprehensive definition of the associated sound level environment. The FAA and USAF, with the assistance of the Acoustics Facility at the United States Department of Transportation's John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, conducted ambient sound level measurements during the period August 10 through 20, 1998. In total, over 160 hours of acoustical and meteorological data were measured at 29 sites throughout Biscayne National Park, Everglades National Park, Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, and the southern portion of Big Cypress National Preserve. This document summarizes this comprehensive noise measurement study. Also included is a description of the enhancements made to the FAA's Integrated Noise Model in support of the Homestead SEIS. KW - Air base commercialization KW - Air bases KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Homestead Air Base KW - Measurement KW - National parks KW - Noise KW - Sound level KW - Southern Florida UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34356/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-99-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789539 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PERFORMANCE OF RASS VORTEX DETECTION/MEASUREMENT SYSTEM PY - 1999/06 SP - 39 p. AB - Preliminary tests conducted by WLR Research in the Fall of 1993 showed considerable promise that a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) was capable of detecting and tracking wake vortices located in the approach glide slope. Initial testing of the RASS created interest in the possibility of a relatively low cost RASS monitoring the entire approach glide slope out to the middle market. As a result of the optimistic results of the initial tests, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Wake Vortex Program Office decided to fund additional testing of the RASS to resolve some remaining questions and to evaluate its performance in detecting wake vortices in both the longitudinal (along the approach path) and transverse (perpendicular to the approach path) modes. The purpose of this test program was to validate the longitudinal and transverse mode RASS capabilities to: (1) indicate vortex presence in the flight path during a variety of meteorological conditions and (2) track a vortex or pair of vortices during a variety of meteorological conditions. KW - Acoustics KW - Aircraft KW - Airport runways KW - Aviation safety KW - Glide slope facilities KW - Longitudinal waves KW - Magnitude KW - Radar KW - Radio KW - Signal devices KW - Sounding KW - Vortex shedding KW - Wakes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22047/PB99157315.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789532 AU - Cardosi, K AU - Hannon, D AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF COLOR IN ATC DISPLAYS PY - 1999/06 SP - 64 p. AB - Color is probably the most effective, compelling, and attractive method available for coding visual information on a display. However, caution must be used in the application of color to displays for air traffic control (ATC), because it is easy to do more harm than good. The only thing that is truly obvious about the use of color on displays is that its benefits and drawbacks depend upon the task. This paper offers general guidelines on how color should, and should not, be used, but does not define a specific color-coding scheme. These guidelines are based in what is known about human vision, display capabilities, the knowledge gained from the lessons learned from the uses of color in the cockpit and ATC environments, and human factors best practices. KW - Air traffic control KW - Cockpits KW - Coding systems KW - Color KW - Human factors KW - Visual display units (Computers) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22100/22174/PB99166571.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33668/33668.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783619 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - HUMAN-CENTERED SYSTEMS: THE NEXT CHALLENGE IN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1999/06 SP - 41 p. AB - Human errors contribute significantly to most transportation crashes across all modes of transportation. Reducing these errors by increasing attention to human performance and behavior issues will reduce crashes, loss of life, injuries, property damage and resultant personal and financial costs. Awareness of the role of human performance and behavior issues in transportation is increasing at a time when new technologies are being introduced to improve transportation system safety, reliability, and productivity. The use of a "human-centered systems" approach to the design, development, and implementation of technologies is necessary to ensure that the full potential of these technologies can be realized. The "human-centered systems" approach focuses on human capabilities and limitations with respect to human/system interfaces, operations, and system integration. The goal is to design transportation systems that facilitate task completion, so that people can focus on task performance and not be distracted by the technology. This encompasses development of a generation of machines that are adaptable to their human operators, rather than depending on humans to adapt to machines. A coordinated, proactive human factors research program is essential to ensure that the necessary data and methods are available to the U.S. industries responsible for designing and implementing advanced technologies for our transportation systems so that they can take a human-centered approach. This program should be multi-modal and multi-agency, involve the public and private sectors, and ensure synergy among the modal research programs. In the near-term, the research efforts will focus on two new multi-modal human performance and behavior initiatives: Operator Fatigue Management and Advanced Instructional Technology (AIT). KW - Aviation KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Costs KW - Fatalities KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Highways KW - Human beings KW - Human factors KW - Human machine systems KW - Human-centered systems KW - Information technology KW - Injuries KW - Management KW - Marine transit KW - Multi-agency KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Performance KW - Private enterprise KW - Programmed instruction KW - Public transit KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Technology KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16900/16919/PB2000106182.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765893 AU - Patterson, D J AU - Stockton, T R AU - Harris, R L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FUEL ECONOMY EFFECTS AND INCREMENTAL COST, WEIGHT, AND LEADTIME IMPACTS OF EMPLOYING A CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION (CVT) IN MID-SIZE PASSENGER CARS OR COMPACT LIGHT TRUCKS PY - 1999/06 SP - 98 p. AB - This report is a paper study of the fuel economy benefits on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) City and Highway Cycles of using a continuously variable transmission (CVT) in a 3625 lb (1644 kg) car and compact light truck. The baseline vehicles are viewed as being equipped with contemporary four-speed automatic transmissions with lock-up torque converters (4SAT). The engines are each three liters in displacement, four valves per cylinder for the car and two valves for the truck, each with sequential port fuel injection and electronic throttle control. The CVT selected for the study was a modified Van Doorne push belt type, termed the Dual Mode. Calculations were made for a range of CVT efficiencies: same, +3% and +6% relative to the 4SAT. This range was thought to cover practical designs for larger vehicles. For the car only, the camshaft was modified to provide increased torque at low speeds, the HITORC engine. For the car, Combined Cycle economy gains ranged from 6.6% with equal to 11.0% with an assumed 6% transmission efficiency gain. Gains for the light truck were very similar; 6.0% to 10.8%. KW - Continuously variable transmissions KW - Fuel conservation KW - Light trucks KW - Midsize automobiles KW - Torque UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22001/PB99153884.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518918 AU - Koenke, Edmund J AU - Carpenter, Elisabeth J AU - Williams, Larry AU - Caiafa, Caesar AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - System Resources Corporation AU - National Aeronautics and Space Administration TI - Gulf of Mexico Helicopter Offshore System Technologies Engineering Needs Assessment PY - 1999/05//Final Report SP - 33p AB - The Gulf of Mexico (GoMex) airspace has unique needs. A large number of helicopters operate in this area with only limited surveillance and sometimes-severe environmental conditions. Currently there are about 325 onshore heliports, more than 4,000 offshore structures including about 2,000 with helidecks, and over 35,000 people working offshore at any given time. Employees and equipment are transported to offshore platforms daily by a fleet of 636 helicopters valued at over $800 million. The objectives of this Engineering Needs Assessment are to: describe the offshore airspace operational environment in the Gulf of Mexico; and identify the user and service provider needs to improve efficiency, maintain or improve safety, and meet the forecasted demand for increased operations resulting from projected growth of the helicopter fleet. KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Helicopter transportation KW - Needs assessment KW - Offshore oil industry KW - Offshore structures KW - System design UR - http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA389922 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290283 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00766485 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Wang, J-S AU - Knipling, R R AU - Blincoe, L J AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - THE DIMENSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLE CRASH RISK PY - 1999/05 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - p. 19-43 AB - A valid assessment of motor vehicle crash risks and the potential impact of safety interventions requires a precise understanding of the types of vehicles likely to be equipped and otherwise affected, the most relevant referent to the intervention (e.g., national annual crash total, vehicle mileage, and vehicle life), and the scope of monetary crash costs to be considered. This paper analyzes to U.S. police reported motor vehicle crash involvement type/role (e.g., single vehicle roadway departure, left turn across the path); subject vehicle body type (i.e., passenger cars, light trucks/vans, heavy combination unit trucks, medium/heavy single unit trucks, and motorcycles); type of metric (i.e., crashes, involved vehicles, persons killed/injured, and monetary cost); and problem size referent (i.e., U.S. annual, per cash, per vehicle. per driver, and per mile traveled). KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash causes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9097/2wang.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/504855 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00789255 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CRASH AVOIDANCE PY - 1999/05 SP - p. 18-28 AB - As a participant in the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI), the Volpe Center is contributing to the development of crash avoidance systems. The article examines the work under way that includes using remote sensors, such as radar, to detect the presence of other vehicles or objects, a computer to evaluate the possibility of a collision, and a driver interface to relay that information to the driver. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashworthiness KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring99/crashav.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783613 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Science and Technology Council TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PY - 1999/05 SP - 59 p. AB - Because more resources than ever before have been poured into surface transportation maintenance and reconstruction over the last six years, the United States has kept pace with its infrastructure maintenance needs. However, within the next ten to fifteen years, the number of crucial surface connections and arteries needing major renewal will swell, posing a challenge for officials charged with their stewardship. This document reviews Federal research and technology (R&T) programs aimed at preservation of the surface transportation physical infrastructure through monitoring, maintenance, and rapid renewal. Relevant programs for all modes of transportation were examined, including the airport and port infrastructure that serve as critical connections to the primary surface transportation modes - highway, rail, and transit. This intermodal approach was essential to assure that the study considered the system impacts on surface transportation infrastructure. Chapter 1 of this report summarizes the current condition and performance of the major sectors of the Nation's transportation system. Chapter 2 categorizes the technologies that are likely to improve transport system infrastructure functions and describes DOT programs supporting them. Chapter 3 introduces the major programs designed to facilitate development and dissemination of technology applications to those organizations with responsibility for surface transport physical infrastructure. Chapter 4 offers some observations on programs for facilitating technology transfer, and criteria for success. Chapter 5 presents findings and conclusions. A complete listing of acronyms used in the report is provided in Appendix A. KW - Airports KW - Development KW - Ground transportation KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Maintenance KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Ports KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Research KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Technology transfer UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22089/PB99160574.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00779910 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN PY - 1999/05 SP - 112 p. AB - This report focuses and clarifies the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) role as a partner in national interagency R&D application efforts relating to advanced materials and technology for improved infrastructure maintenance, rehabilitation, and renewal. It is an effort to bring greater consistency and cohesion to DOT's separate R&D programs and to address transportation system-level performance through better coordinated and integrated R&D. The opening section summarizes the current condition and performance of major sectors in the nation's surface transportation system. The report then categorizes technologies that are likely to improve transportation system infrastructure functions and describes DOT programs which support them. Major programs are introduced which are designed to facilitate development and dissemination of technology applications to those organizations. Observations on programs which facilitate technology transfer are offered in conclusion. Research for this report included a review of recent literature and interviews with the developers and users of infrastructure technologies, from both the public and private sectors. KW - Ground transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Maintenance KW - Materials selection KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Research projects KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22090/PB99160582.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/509107 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00766489 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Ferguson, E AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - OFFICE DEVELOPMENT, PARKING MANAGEMENT, AND TRAVEL BEHAVIOR: THE CASE OF MIDTOWN ATLANTA PY - 1999/05 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - p. 93-107 AB - The effects of special parking provision in zoning ordinances are assessed based on a case study of midtown Atlanta. The study results indicate that it is somewhat easier to promote increased office development around rail transit stations than it is to reduce parking construction associated with such office development. It also appears that spillover parking is a much more likely commuter response to parking pricing than is alternative mode use, especially where the private automobile is the dominant mode of commuter transportation and reasonably priced alternative parking lots are conveniently located. KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Commercial buildings KW - Commuters KW - Land use KW - Office buildings KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Sustainable development KW - Travel behavior KW - Zoning UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n1/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/504859 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00766486 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Smith, V K AU - von Haefen, R H AU - Zhu, W D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - DO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS INCREASE CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS? A STATISTICAL EXPERIMENT PY - 1999/05 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - p. 45-60 AB - This paper uses Federal Aid Highway program information for 1990 to 1994 to define a natural experiment that evaluates whether compliance with federal environmental regulations increases construction costs. This is accomplished by considering whether indirect measures of the environmental resources in each state affect construction expenditures for federal aid highways. The test assumes that both positive and negative measures of environmental resources and amenities, such as counts of endangered species and historic sites, and the number of locations with Superfund sites, will serve as indirect indicators of the likelihood that environmental regulations could impact federally supported highway construction. Statistical analyses suggest that the expenditures for federal aid highway construction and repair were influenced by these factors and by the regulatory activities likely to be associated with environmental mandates. Similar models applied to construction expenditures for state roads, which are not subject to the full set of federal regulations, did not find the proxy measures for the potential impact of these environmental regulations as positive influences on construction costs. KW - Construction KW - Cost estimating KW - Environmental protection KW - Federal aid highways KW - Regulatory constraints KW - State highways KW - Statistical analysis UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9096/3smith.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/504856 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00766484 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Pickrell, D AU - Schimek, P AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - GROWTH IN MOTOR VEHICLE OWNERSHIP AND USE: EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY PY - 1999/05 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - p. 1-17 AB - The size, composition, and use of the nation's household vehicle fleet are subjects of major interest to analysts and policymakers concerned with the economic motivations and environmental consequences of travel. The 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), together with similar surveys conducted in 1969, 1977, 1983, and 1990, reveals important insights into the changing patterns of household motor vehicle ownership and use, as well as the underlying behavior that produces them. This paper uses information from the NPTS to address three related subjects: 1) growth in personal motor vehicle travel and its sources; 2) changes in the number, types, and age distribution of household motor vehicles; and 3) the determinants of households' vehicle utilization patterns and demands for private motor vehicle travel. The results presented can be useful to transportation professionals seeking to understand the patterns and determinants of motor vehicle travel, as well as to planners and policymakers in their efforts to design and implement strategies that reduce the environmental consequences of growing motor vehicle use. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Households KW - Ownership KW - Private passenger vehicles KW - Private transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Travel patterns UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9098/1pickrell.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/504854 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00766487 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Bernier, B AU - Seekins, T AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - RURAL TRANSPORTATION VOUCHER PROGRAM FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: THREE CASE STUDIES PY - 1999/05 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - p. 61-70 AB - The lack of transportation is one of the most frequently cited problems facing people with disabilities living in rural areas. This paper explores a voucher program for rural transportation. Three case studies of programs implementing a voucher framework, supported in part by volunteers, are presented. These demonstrations were conducted in seven rural, "frontier", counties in two states. The population density of the seven counties averaged less than six people per square mile. One program was administered by an independent living center; two, by development disabilities case management service programs. The vouchers themselves provided a measurement method for evaluating the scope and use of transportation. The analysis shows that 35,000 miles of rides were provided for employment, daily living, evening and weekend social purposes, and non-emergency medical treatment at a relatively low cost. KW - Medical trips KW - Rural areas KW - Rural transportation KW - Social service agencies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Special user groups KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Work trips UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9095/4bernier.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/504857 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00766488 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Button, K AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - THE USEFULNESS OF CURRENT INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT STATISTICS PY - 1999/05 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - p. 71-92 AB - International air transportation is the fastest growing segment of transportation. It performs a major function in the globalization process and is a significant feature of the late 20th century. Public policy regarding international air transportation has undergone a big change in recent years as markets liberalized and airlines privatized. New management techniques, partly stimulated by enhanced information technology systems, have resulted in significant changes on the air services supply side. Aircraft and air traffic control systems have improved. These developments pose new challenges for those responsible for overall policy and for those supplying air transportation services. Successfully confronting these issues requires a solid and relevant statistical database. This paper sets out to explore the data that are available, highlights their strengths and limitations, and indicates areas where improved statistics may be beneficial. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Air travel KW - Aircraft KW - Information services KW - International transportation KW - Quality of service KW - Statistics UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v2n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9000/9092/5button.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/504858 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766007 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. FIRST EDITION PY - 1999/05 SP - 124 p. AB - This document has been prepared to bring greater consistency and cohesion to the Department of Transportation's (DOT's) separate research and development (R&D) programs and to address transportation system-level performance through better coordinated and integrated R&D. This plan has six major sections. Chapter I provides a brief description of the key elements of the national transportation system, as well as the challenges and opportunities that confront us when making technological improvements to it. Chapter II describes the close relationship between the DOT's strategic goals and those outlined by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in the Transportation Science and Technology Strategy, as reflected in transportation R&D. Chapter III shows in detail the cooperative nature of these R&D activities by relating the NSTC's new transportation partnership initiatives to the existing DOT R&D partnerships and technology transfer programs that fall within the context of these initiatives. Chapter IV presents the DOT near-term and long-term enabling research programs in the context of the six enabling research areas recently defined by the NSTC. Chapter V describes the process by which measures of success for DOT R&D programs are being developed. Finally, Chapter VI discusses several key issues that impact the implementation of the results of these R&D activities in the transportation system, as well as important incentives that are available to assist in this process. KW - Development KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Partnerships KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22090/PB99160582.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765391 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - INTERMODAL CARGO TRANSPORTATION: INDUSTRY BEST SECURITY PRACTICES PY - 1999/05 SP - 116 p. AB - Cargo related crimes, including cargo theft, insurance fraud, drug trafficking, and the transportation of illegal immigrants into the United States, have become serious criminal issues. This report represents the results of research, interviews and on-site evaluations conducted to identify the issues related to security of cargo terminals to theft, smuggling, and other illegal activities. It provides industry best security practices for eliminating, mitigating, and controlling identified concerns within the security framework of cargo transportation. The report is not organized by mode (truck, rail, maritime and pipeline) but provides an integrated discussion of all modes using cargo terminals with a special focus on intermodalism. KW - Cargo facilities KW - Cargo handling KW - Crimes involving transportation KW - Drugs KW - Insurance claims KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Security KW - Theft UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/strtplns/nstc/cargo/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21900/21982/PB99152761.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765573 AU - National Science and Technology Council AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSPORTATION STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN PY - 1999/05 SP - 53 p. AB - This plan is the first ever National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) "Transportation Strategic Research Plan" and is a joint product of the federal agencies that participate in transportation-related research and provides further detail on the enabling research areas identified in the NSTC "Transportation Science and Technology Strategy". The "Plan" is the first attempt by the federal government to provide a broad overview of the transportation enabling research agenda across the entire federal government and to highlight the activities of specific agencies and achievements in high-payoff, high priority areas. The continuing commitment to high-quality enabling research will make the transportation system safer, more secure, more efficient and more reliable. KW - Development KW - Research projects KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21900/21970/PB99151391.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173159 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Cockpit Human Factors Research Requirements PY - 1999/04 SP - 70p AB - The safety, reliability, and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS) depend upon the men and women who operate and use it. Aviation human factors research is the study of how people function in the performance of their jobs as pilots, controllers, maintenance, and ground support personnel. Increasing automation and system complexity are placing new and different demands on the staff of the nation's air transportation system. Concern over human performance in safety has been raised in Congress, industry and the academic community. Recently, special attention has been placed on both the air traffic control (ATC) system and flight deck operations. In the past, with a few notable exceptions, such as Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS), the development and application of new aviation system technology both in the ATC and flight systems has been directed toward increasing the traffic capacity of the NAS, rather than being directed primarily toward the improvement of flight safety. The present program is intended to develop and apply advanced behavioral analysis and technology specifically toward the advancement of flight safety. Pilot error has been identified as a causal factor in 66 percent of air carrier fatal accidents, 79 percent of commuter fatal accidents, and 88 percent of the general aviation fatal accidents. FAA is concerned with the causal factors these statistics represent and the trends that they reflect. FAA recognizes the importance of a better understanding and greater consideration of the human factors aspect of aviation. The research requirements presented in this document update those presented in the 1985 Cockpit Human Factors Research Plan. The requirements presented in the 1985 plan were identified primarily through a series of six FAA-sponsored workshops held specifically for that purpose. These workshops revealed 137 cockpit-related human performance problem areas that could be addressed through human factors research. A subset of these 137 items were selected by the FAA as being particularly important to aviation safety. The members of the Society of Automotive Engineers' Committee on Aerospace Behavioral Engineering Technology reviewed this subset of issues and concurred on their importance. This document represents a formal programmatic commitment of the Federal Aviation Administration to address human performance-related aviation safety issues. It provides a single source of the requirements for the cockpit-related human factors research that should be conducted or sponsored by the FAA and the FAA offices that have a special interest in the work. These requirements will be considered in the research and development process and budget, and will become the nucleus of a FAA human factors research plan that will include areas outside the cockpit (such as air traffic control and maintenance). The development and identification of research priorities will continue and will actively involve a broad aviation constituency including government officials, manufacturers, airline operators, labor and trade organizations, researchers, and public interest groups. The schedules and details of active research projects identified in this document may be found in the Federal Aviation Administration Plan for Research, Engineering and Development. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Aviation safety KW - Cockpits KW - Fatalities KW - General aviation KW - Ground proximity warning system (Gpws) KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Warning systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33700/33783/33783.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932378 AU - Orringer, O AU - Tang, Y H AU - Jeong, D Y AU - Perlman, A B AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RISK/BENEFIT ASSESSMENT OF DELAYED ACTION CONCEPT FOR RAIL INSPECTION PY - 1999/04 SP - 66 p. AB - A Monte Carlo simulation of certain aspects of rail inspection is presented. The simulation is used to investigate alternative practices in railroad rail inspection programs. Results are presented to compare the present practice of immediately repairing every detected defect with an alternative practice under which repair can be delayed for defects not exceeding a specified size. The sensitivities of inspection vehicle utilization and rail failure rate to variations of inspection frequency, repair gang capacity, and traffic tonnage are presented. A risk/benefit assessment of delayed action, relative to present practice, is developed and carried out to compare the risk of rail failure due to incorrect classification of defect size with the benefit of rail failure prevention due to increased opportunity to detect large defects. KW - Benefits KW - Defects KW - Delayed action concept KW - Failure KW - Inspection KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Prevention KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Repairing KW - Risk assessment KW - Simulation KW - Size UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13058/ord9903.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18900/18906/PB2002102809.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765431 AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK ASSESSMENT REPORT ON TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES PY - 1999/04 SP - 52 p. AB - This report presents the results of the review by the FHWA and FTA of the transportation alternatives analysis conducted for the Grand Canyon National Park by the National Park Service. The preferred alternative emerging through the NPS' analysis is a light rail system that may be powered either by electricity or diesel engines. The U.S. Congress directed FHWA and FTA to undertake this review in the Conference Report for the fiscal year 1999 U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Appropriation Act. It is the purpose of this report to "determine if all necessary and appropriate transportation planning, development, environmental and alternative analyses have been conducted to support the alternatives selected by the National Park Service". KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric power KW - Environmental control KW - Light rail transit UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22052/PB99157398.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766002 AU - Brodesky, R P AU - Zirker, Margaret E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - BUILDING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY IN ITS: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS TRAINING AND EDUCATION NEEDS: THE TRANSIT PERSPECTIVE PY - 1999/04 SP - 58 p. AB - If there are to be successful deployments of new technologies by transit operators, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) recognizes a great need exists for further professional development. This consists of enhancing the knowledge and skills base of individuals who are employed by transit agencies, contractors, consultants and vendors, and students and recent graduates of university and vocational school programs. At the request of the FTA, the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center initiated a needs assessment. This research coincided with a much larger effort sponsored by the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Joint Planning Office (JPO) on professional capacity building needs. The focus of the needs assessment has been on developing a set of recommendations for guiding FTA initiatives for enhancing or expanding the Professional Capacity Building (PCB) program. Approximately 70 on-site interviews were conducted with employees of transit properties in five metropolitan areas, and with FTA Regional ITS specialists. Approximately 130 more interviews were conducted with individuals employed in the regional or district offices of the Federal Highway Administration, and by state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and city and county public works and transportation departments. Based on the research that was conducted, the following conclusions were reached: (1) Members of the transit community are calling for targeted, tailored, and accessible resources. These must be available on-demand, just-in-time learning/problem-solving resources, which can overcome time and budget constraints. (2) Transit agencies must make staff training and development of professional ITS expertise a priority in their agency budgets. (3) There are at least three options for satisfying these requirements, including an expansion of the PCB program role, enhancement of the FTA regional specialist's role, and alternative delivery options for needed technical assistance and training. (4) The challenge is to develop accessible information and delivery methods that provide the necessary competencies to support PCB requirements. (5) The PCB program is encouraged to expand and enhance current training, develop a program to create a Virtual Learning Environment, and enhance and target activities with partners. KW - Education and training KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interviewing KW - Needs assessment KW - Professional personnel KW - Transit operators UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16400/16413/PB2000103832.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/8968.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766003 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - BUILDING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY IN ITS: DOCUMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION NEEDS IN SUPPORT OF ITS DEPLOYMENT PY - 1999/04 SP - v.p. AB - This report summarizes a comprehensive effort conducted in the summer of 1998 to more systematically investigate the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) training and education needs of transportation professionals. A team of analysts conducted a series of nearly 200 interviews in an effort to obtain a more detailed understanding of the underlying fundamental knowledge and skills required in support of ITS applications and services. The interviewees spanned a range of ITS involvement from those actively engaged for several years, to those just beginning the process. Thus, the reported needs reflect an important "grass-roots" perspective obtained from the public sector, private sector, and the academic community. This report documents the wide-ranging ITS training and education needs of transportation professionals. An analysis of those needs resulted in the development of a Professional Capacity Building (PCB) Program strategy to meet those needs both now and in the future. Although the focus of this work is ITS, the analysis also revealed that the fundamental knowledge and skills are applicable to a wider audience of transportation professionals engaged in the operation and management of multimodal surface transportation systems. The ITS PCB Program is comprised of a partnership of organizations which work cooperatively to provide ITS professional capacity building. That partnership encompasses the public sector, the private sector, and the academic community. It is hoped that this report will be used as a foundation for ongoing dialogue with the multiple partners, stakeholders and transportation professionals everywhere about: the process of building professional capacity for ITS; the design and delivery of training and education programs that achieve the level of competency required for meeting the challenges of the 21st century transportation systems; and the most effective and cooperative programmatic ways to meet training and education needs. KW - Deployment KW - Education and training KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interviewing KW - Needs assessment KW - Professional personnel UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/99015/docanalysis.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16400/16415/PB2000103834.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/8964.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00763362 AU - Siwek, S J AU - Camoh, D H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LISTENING TO AMERICA: REPORT ON THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S OUTREACH ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY (TEA-21) PY - 1999/03/04 SP - 17 p. AB - This report presents the results of the Department of Transportation's (DOT) 1998 outreach on the implementation of TEA-21. Throughout the course of that outreach efforts, in venues all across the country, state and local partners and stakeholders in the transportation system made comments and recommendations about how TEA-21 should be implemented, such as an investment in future; to rebuild transportation infrastructure; to improve safety and to protect the environment and improve the quality of life for everyone. The report is divided into two principle parts: Part 1 reviews the cornerstone principles of the ISTEA; it looks at the 1996 outreach effort, and how ideas gathered from that effort helped to shape TEA-21; it shows how ISTEA, TEA-21 and the USDOT's Strategic Plan together form a continuous and connected vision of the transportation system in the 21st century. Part 2 summarizes the results of the TEA-21 implementation outreach effort. KW - Environmental protection KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investments KW - Policy, legislation and regulation KW - Quality of life KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation policy UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tea21/listamer.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01516513 AU - Schimek, Paul AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - The Dilemmas of Bicycle Planning PY - 1999/03/02 SP - 12p AB - Since the 1970s, the bicycle has been a motherhood issue for United States transportation planning. At least in the abstract, everyone is in favor of increased use of these non-polluting, energy-efficient, quiet, and fitness-promoting vehicles. However, when one begins to investigate the use of bicycles for transportation, one finds that there are a number of dilemmas facing bicyclists and the bicycle planner. The first dilemma is that the public has many misconceptions about bicycling, including the skills required, which places are safe for riding, and the rights of bicyclists to use public roads. Second, professionals have often ignored bicycling, failing to consider bicyclists in roadway design or traffic enforcement. Third, the locations where bicycling is the most useful for transportation are also some of the most challenging, especially for the beginner. Fourth, the bicycle is not generally a "design vehicle," so roads are not routinely designed with bicyclists in mind. Fifth, transportation funding emphasizes capital spending over maintenance, although the latter is often more important to cyclists. Sixth, traffic enforcement officials in many localities routinely ignore even the most flagrant and dangerous violations by bicyclists. Seventh, designated bicycle facilities often do not serve the purpose their advocates propose, and sometimes can create dangerous conditions. Eighth, bicycle education has not yet become available on a wide scale in part because advocates, funding programs, politicians, and public opinion focus on building facilities. Getting beyond these dilemmas requires a focus on changing public opinion through advertising, politician and celebrity endorsement, making the bicycle a design vehicle, and widespread availability of bicycle training programs. KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Bicycle lanes KW - Bicycle safety KW - Bicycling KW - Education and training KW - Financing KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49100/49109/119_The_20Dilemmas_20of_20Bicycle_20Planning.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798559 AU - Harding, J AU - Pollard, J K AU - Katz-Rhoads, L AU - Mengert, P AU - Disario, R AU - Sussman, E D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PASSENGER ACCEPTANCE OF ALIGNMENTS WITH FREQUENT CURVES IN MAGLEV OR OTHER VERY-HIGH-SPEED GROUND SYSTEMS PY - 1999/03 SP - 103 p. AB - This study explored comfort and motion-sickness effects of Maglev travel in corridors characterized by frequent curves. A procedure was developed for estimating the propensity of a given set of ride motions to induce motion sickness, generating a number called the Motion Sickness Dosage Value (MSDV), from which the proportion of passengers who will experience nausea could be estimated. The only means of simulating trips with realistic accelerations at reasonable cost was through the use of an airplane. An experimental apparatus was constructed that simulated a Maglev system traveling through representative portions of the proposed New York State route at average speeds that ranged from 320 kph to 400 kph (200-250 mph). In two preliminary tests, participants were exposed to two intervals of flying with relatively high bank angle limits consistent with making the 277-km (172-mi) trip in approximately 38 minutes. More than half the participants began feeling queasy at these higher limits. The final experiment specified nine flights with 14 participants. Limits for bank angle were 14 deg, 21 deg, and 28 deg, while those for roll rate were 4 deg/sec, 6 deg/sec, and 8 deg/sec. Results produced no evidence that more than a small percentage of Maglev passengers would experience kinetosis on routes confined to the boundaries of existing highway rights-of-way. While the vertical accelerations experienced by participants were generally greater than those that would be experienced by Maglev passengers, the majority found the plane ride comfortable and felt no motion sickness. However, 23% felt slightly queasy at some time, 8% felt intermittently nauseous, and two passengers vomited. Cumulative dosage and duration of exposure showed significant correlation with motion-sickness ratings. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Airplanes KW - Alignment KW - Bank angles KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Dosage KW - Experiments KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Motion sickness KW - Passenger comfort KW - Roll rates KW - Simulation KW - Time duration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22500/22577/pm9901.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33670/33670.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784560 AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Jackson, D AU - Tallon, A C AU - Powers, G M AU - O'Donnell, J P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUCCESSFUL APPROACHES TO DEPLOYING A METROPOLITAN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT AND APPENDICES PY - 1999/03 SP - 700 p. AB - On February 26, 1996, the United States Department of Transportation issued a request for participation in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Model Deployment Initiative (MDI). The MDIs were envisioned to be demonstrations and showcases of the measurable benefits resulting from the application of an integrated, region-wide approach to transportation management and the provision of traveler information services. The first model deployment initiative focused on metropolitan locations, and four metropolitan sites were selected: Phoenix, Arizona; San Antonio, Texas; Seattle, Washington; and the New York-New Jersey-Connecticut Metropolitan Area. Volpe Center analysts examined the institutional and other nontechnical impediments that public sector participants encountered in deploying ITS, changes made to address these impediments, benefits of making these pre-deployment changes, and the costs associated with them. They then analyzed this information with respect to its applicability to other metropolitan areas that are developing and deploying ITS. This led to the identification on nine approaches that were used successfully by the public sector participants at the MDI sites and other locations that representatives of other metropolitan areas may use to facilitate deployment. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Model Deployment Initiative KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Phoenix (Arizona) KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Seattle (Washington) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21700/21704/PB99134793.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9700/9767/6JN01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766453 AU - Thompson, A AU - Powers, G AU - EG&G Dynatrend AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1997 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1999/03 SP - 164 p. AB - The Safety Management Information Statistics 1997 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of transit accident, casualty, and crime statistics reported under the Federal Transit Administration's National Transit Database Reporting System by transit systems in the United States during 1997. KW - Crash reports KW - Crimes involving transportation KW - Fatalities KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Injuries KW - Public transit KW - Safety and security KW - Statistics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22000/22025/PB99155384.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784562 AU - Rochat, J L AU - Fleming, G G AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACOUSTICS AND YOUR ENVIRONMENT: THE BASICS OF SOUND AND HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE. A VIDEO PRODUCTION PY - 1999/02 SP - 20 p. AB - This letter report includes the narration for the acoustics video produced by the Federal Highway Administration in association with the Volpe Center Acoustics Facility and Out of the Box Productions. The narrator's words are extracted from the video script that covers the basics of acoustics with a specific focus on highway traffic noise. KW - Acoustics KW - Traffic noise KW - Videotapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765983 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DAMAGE TOLERANCE ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK. VOLUME II: AIRFRAME DAMAGE TOLERANCE EVALUATION PY - 1999/02 SP - 200 p. AB - The handbook is presented in two volumes. Volume I introduces the damage tolerance concept with an historical perspective followed by the fundamentals of fracture mechanics and fatigue crack propagation. Various fracture criteria and crack growth rules are studied. This volume, Volume II, treats exclusively the subject of damage tolerance evaluation of airframes. KW - Aircraft KW - Airframes KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Damage tolerance KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Handbooks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765982 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DAMAGE TOLERANCE ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK. VOLUME I: INTRODUCTION, FRACTURE MECHANICS, FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION. REPRINT PY - 1999/02 SP - 168 p. AB - The handbook is presented in two volumes. This volume, Volume I, introduces the damage tolerance concept with an historical perspective followed by the fundamentals of fracture mechanics and fatigue crack propagation. Various fracture criteria and crack growth rules are studied. Volume II treats exclusively the subject of damage tolerance evaluation of airframes. KW - Aircraft KW - Airframes KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Damage tolerance KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Handbooks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496635 AU - Skinner, David AU - Stearns, Mary D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Safe Mobility in an Aging World PY - 1999/01/11 SP - 31p AB - This paper presents issues related to individual aging, a growing aging population, and the operation of private motor vehicles. Much of the discussion in this paper is based on the experience of the United States with aging and motor vehicle operation. The discussion progresses roughly from demography and social factors, to health status, aging and motor vehicle operating risk, determinants of mobility, economic status, and onto recommendations for safe mobility -- the main theme of this paper. This paper stresses the need for prolonging safe operation by retraining, making individuals aware of their deficits and the resulting risks to themselves and others, making informed decisions, and to offer to older vehicle operators mobility alternatives. Suggested are ways the benefits of mobility can -- and should be -- maintained after age decrements render safe operations unreasonable. There is also a need for more work to uncover the relationships among medical conditions, drug interactions, and changes in the risk of operating a motor vehicle. Also urged is investigation into the differences between countries, and even regions of countries, on aging and operation issues. KW - Aged KW - Aged drivers KW - Demographics KW - Mobility KW - Motor vehicle operations KW - Safety KW - Social factors KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47600/47638/trbage.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264957 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789540 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - AVIATION MODELING AND SIMULATION NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS WORKSHOP PY - 1999/01 SP - 110p AB - The purpose of the workshop was to: (1) identify and understand the requirements for analytical and planning toll initiatives that will give decision makers insight into the capacity, safety, security, environmental, and economic consequences of and transition constraints to alternative air transportation futures; (2) formulate a common understanding of the capabilities and gaps of current analytical, modeling, and simulation tools; address the requirement that different model and simulation focus areas be compatible and capable of integration; and (4) establish priorities for an air transportation system analysis, modeling and simulation research agenda and develop a common understanding of roles, responsibilities, and resource requirements. U1 - Aviation Modeling and Simulation Needs and Requirements WorkshopU.S. Department of TransportationVolpe Center StartDate:19990127 EndDate:19990128 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Aircraft noise KW - Analysis KW - Aviation safety KW - Databases KW - Deployment KW - Detectors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Explosives KW - Safety and security KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/651113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765984 AU - Carroll, A A AU - Multer, J AU - Williams, D AU - Yaffee, M A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FREIGHT CAR REFLECTORIZATION PY - 1999/01 SP - 190 p. AB - Collisions at highway-railroad grade crossings have posed a significant safety problem. To reduce the number of these collisions at highway-railroad grade crossings where train visibility is a contributing factor, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is investigating measures to enhance the visibility of trains with the use of retroreflectors on freight cars. A four-phase research program was conducted to determine the feasibility of reflectorization as a train conspicuity device. A literature review provided past and current transportation experiences on the use of retroreflectors. A demonstration test was conducted to establish the durability of a newly developed (microprismatic) material, and to create a retroreflective pattern to test for the next phase of research. A nationwide in-service test was conducted to measure the microprismatic retroreflectors' performance, accident reduction potential, and costs. A human factors test was conducted to evaluate the detectability and recognition of several retroreflective designs. Results from this research indicate that a uniform, recognizable pattern of reflectorized material can facilitate recognition of a freight car. The durability of the microprismatic material tested indicates that adequate intensity levels can be sustained up to 10 years with maintenance. KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Demonstration projects KW - Durability KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Field tests KW - Freight cars KW - Human factors KW - Literature reviews KW - Prevention KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Retroreflectors KW - Safety KW - Visibility UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15500/15593/PB2000100106.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42700/42729/ord9811.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765303 AU - DeMarco, V R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - CLEAN AIR PROGRAM: CYLINDER ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERNATIVE FUELS PY - 1999/01 SP - 124 p. AB - A number of incidents of compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinder leaks have occurred while transit buses were either in service or at a bus maintenance facility. This study was initiated to determine the degree to which cylinder problems still exist in the field and the status of their resolution. A letter requesting information was sent to 41 transit agencies, and 28 responded. The study identifies the types of compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) cylinders that are being used on transit buses, and the problems being experienced with them. The study assesses the magnitude of these problems, and remedial actions being taken by the transit industry. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Compressed natural gas KW - Engine cylinders KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Pressure gages KW - Transit buses KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21900/21914/PB99147613.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760812 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1999/01 SP - 46 p. AB - This report documents work performed under FTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advances navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report is a compilation of existing and planned deployments of APTS technologies and services. The information was collected during the Fall of 1998 and was obtained through contacts with one or more persons at each agency. The objective was to include information from all agencies who submitted information for the 1996 National Transit Database (NTD) Report Year, the last year for which NTD data was available at the time. A total of 551 agencies provided information for this study. Only those agencies with existing or planned APTS systems are included in this report. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Automated toll collection KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Communication systems KW - Control systems KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - National Transit Database KW - Navigation systems KW - U.S. Federal Transit Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/ma267007991/aptsdeploy.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11500/11537/aptsdeploy.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21400/21434/PB99118366.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01596865 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - National Transportation Atlas Databases 1999 PY - 1999 AB - The National Transportation Atlas Databases 1999 (NTAD1999) is a set of nationwide geographic databases of transportation facilities, transportation networks, and associated infrastructure. These datasets include spatial information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, as well as the related attribute information for these features. Metadata documentation, as prescribed by the International Organization of Standards, is also provided for each database. The data support research, analysis, and decision-making across all modes of transportation. They are most useful at the national level, but have major applications at regional, state, and local scales throughout the transportation community. This product is distributed in shapefile format. KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Metadata KW - Spatial analysis KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation, hydraulic and utility facilities KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56685/NTAD_1999.zip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1400822 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01478990 AU - Green, Kevin AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Transportation Fuels and Vehicles PY - 1999 SP - pp 24-30 AB - Environmental concerns are currently the primary driver of innovation in the area of Transportation Fuels and Vehicles. Road vehicle emissions are a significant determinant of urban air quality and produce a very substantial quantity of carbon dioxide, with potentially serious implications for global climate change. Long-term petroleum availability and the efficiency of the transportation system are also important considerations. The dominant role of highway vehicles in both passenger and freight transportation in the U.S. makes the exploration of alternative fuel-propulsion systems particularly important. It is questionable whether the impressive rate of vehicle emission reduction and efficiency increases of recent decades can be extended without major innovation in the fuel-vehicle system. U1 - Spirit of Innovation in Transportation ConferenceOffice of the Secretary of TransportationCambridge,MA,United States StartDate:19990624 EndDate:19990625 Sponsors:Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Air quality KW - Alternate fuels KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fossil fuels KW - Fuel consumption KW - United States KW - Vehicles UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47000/47016/Green_Transportation-fuels.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765985 AU - Fang, B AU - Han, X AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SATELLITE ACCOUNTS: A NEW WAY OF MEASURING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN AMERICA PY - 1999 SP - 112 p. AB - A new accounting tool, called the Transportation Satellite Accounts (TSAs), provides a way to measure both in-house and for-hire transportation services. Developed jointly by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce, the TSAs reveal important features concerning the relationship between transportation and the U.S. economy that have not been known before. Although the TSAs demonstrate that transportation services command a much larger role in the economy than previously understood, the picture is still incomplete. Some in-house transportation services, such as the use of corporate aircraft and automobiles and private railcars and barges, have not yet been measured. Also, the TSAs do not fully reflect the economic role of personal transportation in getting people to work or school, in bringing goods home from retail outlets, and in supporting social and recreational activities. This report provides an overview of the background, framework, and methodology of the TSAs, including their relationship to the U.S. Input-Output Accounts. It also describes the major components of the TSAs and discusses the contribution of transportation to gross domestic product (GDP) and the relationship between transportation and other industries of the economy. Finally, the report provides detailed tables of TSAs estimates. KW - Accounting KW - Economics KW - Estimates KW - For-hire transportation service KW - Gross domestic product KW - In-house transportation service KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation satellite accounts KW - Transportation services UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16011/PB2000102031.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765265 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TELEPHONE CONTACTS FOR USERS OF FEDERAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 1999 PY - 1999 VL - 22 AB - This publication has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics for the purpose of providing lists of names, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of transportation specialists in the federal government by mode, and cross referenced by their area of expertise. The purpose of the publication is to provide users of federal transportation statistics with diverse points of contact that may provide detailed knowledge of transportation data. The publication is also a key tool for individuals requiring specific transportation information but lacking the proper connection. KW - Information services KW - Passenger information systems KW - Statistics KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00791594 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 1999 PY - 1999 SP - 550 p. AB - This report is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportation modes - air, automobile, bus, truck, transit, rail, water, and pipeline. The report has four chapters and several appendices. Chapter 1 provides data on the extent, condition, use, and performance of the physical transportation network. Chapter 2 focuses on the relationship between transportation and the economy, presenting data on transportation's contribution to gross domestic product, employment by industry and occupation, and transportation-related consumer and government expenditures. Chapter 3 details transportation's safety record, giving data on accidents, crashes, fatalities, and injuries for each mode and for hazardous materials. Chapter 4 presents data on transportation energy use and related environmental impacts. Statistics are presented in five-year increments from 1960 through 1995 and annually thereafter. Appendix A contains modal profiles, Appendix B has metric conversion tables, Appendix C is a glossary, and Appendix D presents a list of acronyms and initialisms. An index is provided. KW - Air transportation KW - Bus transportation KW - Crashes KW - Employment KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Expenditures KW - Fatalities KW - Gross domestic product KW - Hazardous materials KW - Highway transportation KW - Injuries KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation safety KW - Trucking KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16900/16913/PB2000106078.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789571 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - MARITIME TRADE & TRANSPORTATION 1999 PY - 1999 SP - 128 p. AB - The U.S. water transportation industry serves the needs of both international and domestic commerce. It comprises companies that carry freight or passengers of the open seas or inland waterways as well as companies that offer lighterage and towing services, operate canals and terminals, charter vessels, handle cargo, and build and repair ships. A variety of public agencies at all levels of government affect the water transportation industry, including port authorities, state departments of transportation, and national and international regulatory bodies. This report describes major trends in the 1990s that affect the commercial water transportation industry, which provides vital freight and passenger travel services in international and domestic markets and port and cargo-handling services. It also describes the role and performance of the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry and discusses the water transportation industry's contribution to the U.S. economy. Considerable attention is devoted to maritime safety and environmental goals of the U.S. Department of transportation (DOT) and its lead agency in these areas, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). In addition, the critical roles of the U.S. maritime industry and certain DOT programs, particularly those of the Maritime Administration (MARAD) in meeting our national security requirements, are also explored. KW - Canals and waterways KW - Cargo handling KW - Charter operations KW - Commercial transportation KW - Communications KW - Domestic KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight and passenger services KW - Inland waterways KW - International KW - Maritime safety KW - Port authorities KW - Vessel operations KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/maritime_trade_and_transportation/1999/index.html UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/maritime_trade_and_transportation/1999/pdf/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789104 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS ANNUAL REPORT 1999 SN - 0160502292 PY - 1999 SP - 189 p. AB - Congress requires the Bureau of Transportation Statistics to transmit an annual report on transportation statistics to the President and Congress. This is the sixth such report prepared in response to this congressional mandate, laid out in 49 U.S.C. 111 (j). The report discusses the extent and condition of the transportation system; its use, performance, and safety record; transportation's economic contributions and costs; and its energy and environmental impacts. All modes of transportation are covered in the report. Special features this year include an update of the status of high-speed rail corridors and pedestrian bicycle safety. In addition, the environmental impacts discussion has been expanded to include transportation infrastructure, equipment manufacturing, and vehicle maintenance and disposal. KW - Air transportation KW - Bicycles KW - Costs KW - Disposal KW - Economic benefits KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Equipment KW - High speed rail KW - Infrastructure KW - Manufacturing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Performance KW - Pipelines KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Statistics KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transit KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34700/34782/TSAR1999entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00782298 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - HOME FOR THE HOLIDAYS PY - 1999 SP - 8 p. AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers on how, why, where, when and who travels in America. This publication contains an overview of the travel characteristics of the Americans during the holiday season, loosely defined as the period from November 23-January 2, which encompasses three major holidays. The report is intended to give a sample of the kinds of data available from the American Travel Survey. KW - Holidays KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Travelers KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7100/7186/hmholhi.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00782257 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - AIRPORT ACTIVITY STATISTICS OF CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIERS, SUMMARY TABLES: TWELVE MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1998 PY - 1999 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents summary data for all scheduled and nonscheduled service by large certificated U.S. air carriers - including the volume of passenger, freight, and mail enplanements, and aircraft departures for each airport served during the 12 months ending December 31, 1998. The data in this publication are presented in five tables. Tables 1 and 2 contain summary data by type of service for carrier groups and individual carriers, and summary figures by area and state. Tables 3, 4, and 5 show activity in air carrier system operations at large, medium, and small air traffic hubs. Only U.S. system operations are shown. Air traffic hubs are designated as geographic areas based on the percentage of total passengers enplaned in that area. A hub may have more than one airport in it. Individual communities fall into four hub classifications as determined by each community's percentage of the total enplaned revenue passengers in all services and all operations of U.S. certificated route carriers within the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. areas. Classifications for 1998 are based on 588,335,318 total enplaned revenue passengers. KW - Air traffic KW - Airlines KW - Airport operations KW - Airport traffic KW - Airports KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Certification KW - Freight transportation KW - Hubs KW - Passengers KW - Postal service KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16088/PB2000102470.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00821907 AU - Professional Capacity Building Program (U.S.) AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS TRAINING AND EDUCATION NEEDS : THE TRANSIT PERSPECTIVE PY - 1999 SP - iii, 33 p. AB - This report presents the results of a needs assessment geared toward developing a set of recommendations for guiding Federal Transit Administration (FTA) initiatives for improving the Professional Capacity Building (PCB) program. The research focused on identifying PCB needs by position or role, project type, and stage of deployment through surveys and interviews. Recommendations presented to the PCB program include: 1) expand and enhance current training, 2) develop a program for creating a Virtual Learning Environment, and 3) enhance and target activities with partners. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Education and training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/712882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00820143 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - ELECTRONIC CREDENTIALING FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS : A CROSS- CUTTING ANALYSIS PY - 1999 SP - 20 p. AB - This case study presents an analysis of how Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky have used the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems & Networks (CVISN) Architecture to develop state CVISN systems designs for electronic credentialing. Focus is on the CVISN Project Plan and Top-Level System Design phases with lessons learned from these CVISN states. Technical and institutional issues are addressed, and these are based on the sequence of activities of the deployments of the three sites. KW - Automated clearance KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - CVISN (Program) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/9686.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691800 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00819626 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IDEAS FOR ACTION: THE SPIRIT OF INNOVATION IN TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, JUNE 24-25, 1999 PY - 1999 SP - 18p AB - On June 24 and 25, 1999 Secretary of Transportation Rodney Slater brought together nearly 400 leaders from the transportation and technology communities for The Spirit of Innovation in Transportation conference at the Department of Transportation's Volpe Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The conference had three overriding objectives, to: 1) identify how we can use technology to meet our transportation challenges, 2) initiate a strategy and framework for innovation that moves technology forward from ideas to implementation, and 3) begin to create a climate for innovation that speeds the absorption of new technologies as we enter the next century. Topics covered include innovation - new ways and opportunities, cybertechnology, fuels and vehicles, nanotechnology, and the transportation workforce. U1 - The Spirit of Innovation in Transportation ConferenceCambridge, Massachusetts StartDate:19990624 EndDate:19990625 KW - Conferences KW - Cybernetics KW - Fuels KW - Implementation KW - Innovation KW - Labor force KW - Nanostructured materials KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/spirit/ideasforaction.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/695635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00797511 AU - Rapoza, A S AU - Raslear, T G AU - Rickley, E J AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - RAILROAD HORN SYSTEMS RESEARCH PY - 1999 SP - 124 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, in support of the Federal Railroad Administration is conducting a research program with the goal of reducing the number of fatalities and injuries at highway-railroad grade crossings. As part of this program, a study is being conducted to determine the effectiveness of railroad horn systems in reducing accidents at grade crossings. An earlier report in the series, Study of the Acoustic Characteristics of Railroad Horn Systems, presented acoustic characteristics of several types of railroad horn systems. This report addresses the effectiveness of railroad horn systems and their resulting impact on the community noise environment. The insertion loss and interior noise levels of several motor vehicles were measured to determine if the warning signals created by railroad horn systems provide effective warning for the motorist. Acoustic data were also obtained for a horn system through wayside measurements of in-service locomotives to determine the community noise exposure. Also addressed is the distance from the crossing at which the signaling cycle should be actuated to minimize the community noise exposure. KW - Audible warning devices KW - Crash rates KW - Detection and identification KW - Horns KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Warning signals UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13054/ord9910.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15600/15673/PB2000100266.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33671/33671.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33671/33671.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00804485 AU - Dietrich, Fred M AU - Jacobs, William L AU - Electric Research and Management, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Electric Power Research Institute TI - SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD (EMF) PUBLIC EXPOSURE IN THE TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENT PY - 1999 SP - 242 p. in various pagings AB - This report presents an examination of the extreme-low-frequency (ELF) and magnetic fields which a traveler might encounter while using different forms of transportation. Measurements of field level frequency, temporal variability and spatial variability are reported as are static magnetic field levels. The source of the fields is also identified when possible. KW - Electronic equipment KW - Environmental impacts UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21600/21669/PB99130908.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799339 AU - Luna-Long, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - BUILDING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY IN ITS : AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS TRAINING AND EDUCATION NEEDS : THE CVO PERSPECTIVE PY - 1999 SP - 43 p. AB - This report focuses on assessing the training and education needs of transportation professionals involved in Intelligent Transportation Systems/Commercial Vehicle Operations (ITS/CVO). After an introduction to the program, the author defines the professional capacity building blocks program and its three components, including: ITS roles, competencies and delivery methods. The next section presents staffing charts for four ITS/CVO educational areas. These include: safety information exchange, electronic credentialing electronic screening, and motor carrier operations. The report contains a summary of the findings and a discussion regarding the efficacy of ITS/CVO program in terms of meeting the needs of the ITS/CVO professionals. It identifies gaps in education and training. The report concludes with recommendation for strengthening the training programs. The report also suggests that more in-depth needs assessments to refine the roles, competencies, & preferred delivery methods that were originally identified in the report. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Education and training UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17000/17044/PB2000107123.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/10824.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799467 AU - Carroll, Anya A AU - Oxley, Cassandra AU - Highway-Rail Intersection Evaluation Workshop (1999 : Cambridge Mass.) AU - Department of Transportation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ITS TECHNOLOGY AT HIGHWAY-RAIL INTERSECTIONS : PUTTING IT TO THE TEST : PROCEEDINGS FROM THE ITS JOINT PROGRAM OFFICE HIGHWAY-RAIL INTERSECTION EVALUATION WORKSHOP, MAY 6&7, 1999 PY - 1999 SP - 19 p. AB - This document serves as the proceedings form an evaluation workshop that focused on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications at highway and rail crossings. Reports delivered contain information from seven U.S. sites where ITS technologies are being tested and deployed at highway grade crossings. Representatives from the U.S. Department of Transportation offer perspectives on progress to date lessons learned, and on the future of Highway Rail Intersections (HRI)-ITS activities. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18200/18236/PB2001107558.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/proceedn/12363.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666059 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00798240 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CRASH AVOIDANCE: LOOKING FORWARD TO REAR-END COLLISIONS PY - 1999 SP - p. 24-25 AB - By far, the most promising light vehicle crash avoidance research is in the area of rear-end collisions. The rear-end crash avoidance systems currently under development operate by using radar, lasers, or other remote sensors to determine the distance to and relative speed of the leading vehicle. This article discusses the development of the crash avoidance systems at the Volpe Center, and the use of the General Estimates System database to devise pre-crash scenarios. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash data KW - Databases KW - Development KW - General Estimates System KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Light vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Rear end crashes KW - Research KW - Sensors KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring99/crashav.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659333 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00798238 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CRASH AVOIDANCE: REGULATING SAFETY PY - 1999 SP - p. 19-22 AB - This article discusses the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI), an innovative partnership between the Federal government and private industry to develop safe, effective, and cost-efficient technology that will become standard equipment on new vehicles. It relates the history of vehicle safety regulation in the United States, and ends by describing the IVI, a crash avoidance system. The crash avoidance systems currently being researched at the Volpe Center use remote sensors (such as radar) to detect the presence of other vehicles or objects, a computer to evaluate the possibility of a collision, and a "driver interface" to relay that information to the driver. KW - Computers KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Drivers KW - History KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Interfaces KW - Partnerships KW - Prevention KW - Regulation KW - Safety KW - Sensors KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring99/crashav.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659331 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00798239 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CRASH AVOIDANCE: A NEW APPROACH: THE INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE; AND VOLPE CENTER SUPPORT PY - 1999 SP - p. 23 AB - This article discusses the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI), an innovative partnership between the Federal government and private industry to develop safe, effective, and cost-efficient technology that will become standard equipment on new vehicles. It describes the partnership and its research goals, objectives and priorities. It notes that research into crash avoidance systems has been divided into four work areas - light vehicles (cars, vans, and light trucks), transit vehicles (buses), commercial vehicles (heavy trucks), and specialty vehicles (snowplows, ambulances, etc.). The article also presents the Volpe Center's role in analyzing crash data to identify potentially effective countermeasures for traffic accidents. The Center divided the accident types into the three that have the greatest potential for prevention through crash avoidance systems - rear-end collisions, lane change/merge collisions, and single vehicle road departure collisions. Staff at the Volpe Center are supporting the development and evaluation of crash avoidance systems for these accident types. KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash data KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Lane changing KW - Light vehicles KW - Merging traffic KW - Partnerships KW - Public transit KW - Ran off road crashes KW - Rear end crashes KW - Research KW - Special purpose vehicles KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring99/crashav.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659332 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00798241 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CRASH AVOIDANCE: SAFE BUSES GET SAFER; AND A SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIP PY - 1999 SP - p. 26-28 AB - Led by the Federal Transit Administration, the Department of Transportation (DOT) has been investigating ways to apply intelligent vehicle technology to transit vehicles such as buses and vans. This article discusses crash avoidance systems in the transit industry, and severity of rear-end and lane-change/merge collisions. It also describes a partnership effort that accelerated the development of compact "night vision" systems utilizing infrared technology. KW - Buses KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash severity KW - Infrared imagery KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Lane changing KW - Merging traffic KW - Motor vehicles KW - Night vision KW - Partnerships KW - Public transit KW - Rear end crashes KW - Technology KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vans UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring99/crashav.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798153 AU - Stearns, Mary AU - Sussman, E Donald AU - Belcher, Jonathan AU - Metropolitan Planning Organization (Mass.). Central Transportation Planning Staff AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - DENVER RTD'S COMPUTER AIDED DISPATCH/AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION SYSTEM : THE HUMAN FACTORS CONSEQUENCE PY - 1999 SP - xiii, 70 p. AB - This report documents the impacts of Computer Aided Dispatch/Automatic Vehicle Locator (CAD/AVL) technology in providing real-time surveillance of vehicles and upgrading radio communication. The study examines the usability of the CAD/AVL features and how the CAD/AVL affected employees' work tasks. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Buses KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655162 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00792409 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PANAMA CANAL PY - 1999 SP - p. 2-9 AB - While the Panama Canal provides significant time savings, passage through this narrow waterway presents a host of challenges. Soon all canal pilots will have a new tool in their efforts to safely guide vessels through this difficult canal: a Communications, Traffic Management, and Navigation (CTAN) system. This new system makes the canal safer and more efficient by using satellite data to create a real-time display that shows the location of every vessel in the canal. A coordinated system of 120 mobile units communicate with a control center via a shore-based communications network. The mobile units consist of a global positioning system receiver and antenna, a laptop computer, and another radio antenna for communications with the control center. Roughly half of the mobile units are permanently installed on floating resources such as tugboats and dredges. The remaining units are carried by canal pilots onto transiting vessels. The CTAN system gives canal pilots and traffic control staff an entirely new perspective from which to view the complex choreography of 50,000-ton (45,360-Mg) vessels slipping into narrow locks and scooting past one another around tight corners, even if the view from the bridge is obscured by fog or rain. KW - Antennas KW - Communication systems KW - Computers KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Dredges KW - Global Positioning System KW - Mobile communication systems KW - Navigation systems KW - Panama KW - Panama Canal KW - Radio receivers KW - Ship pilotage KW - Tugboats KW - Vessel traffic control UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/our-work/transportation-logistics-security/panama-canal-new-course-canal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/652833 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00792410 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - GLOBAL WARMING PY - 1999 SP - p. 29-33 AB - Global warming is a concern for transportation policy makers. Fossil fuel consumption is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the fastest growing source of emissions in many countries is transport. Many strategies for limiting or reversing this growth have been suggested, and some of these are addressed in this article. In 1992, representatives from the United Nations met in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and developed the Framework Convention on Climate Change, an agreement that calls for stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of GHG. A protocol to this convention, signed in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, outlines innovative ways to harness the forces of the global marketplace to meet overall targets without severe economic impacts. In particular, the Kyoto Protocol outlines mechanisms such as Emissions Trading and Clean Development. Emissions trading allows developed countries that reduce their target emissions beyond their target to sell emissions credits to others. The Clean Development Mechanism allows developed countries to finance emissions-avoiding projects in developing countries and receive credit for so doing. The Kyoto Protocol also allows certain carbon-absorbing activities, like changes in forest management, to be counted toward a country's GHG budget. However, a broad consensus on the best way or ways forward has yet to emerge, and this will likely be the subject of considerable debate and discussion for some time to come. KW - Air pollution KW - Development KW - Emissions trading KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental protection KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fossil fuels KW - Fuel consumption KW - Global warming KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Kyoto (Japan) KW - Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) KW - Transportation policy UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring99/global.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/652834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00897874 AU - Cardosi, Kim M AU - Stein, Earl S AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALISTS: A USER'S MANUAL FOR YOUR BRAIN. PY - 1999 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Psychological aspects KW - Psychology UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16320/PB2000103404.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33669/33669.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/612864 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789114 AU - Power, V AU - Eno Transportation Foundation TI - LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES AFFECTING INTERMODALISM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION PY - 1999 SP - p. 59-68 AB - The purposes of this paper are as follows: to describe the laws and regulations that make up the "playing field" for intermodal transport; to identify the European Union legal and regulatory issues impeding intermodal freight transport; to describe the effects of these issues on stakeholders; to identify potential opportunities for resolving these issues; and to propose potential mechanisms for regulatory change. U1 - Toward Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States: Next StepsEuropean Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway AdministrationMunich, Germany StartDate:19981119 EndDate:19981120 Sponsors:European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway Administration KW - Europe KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Legal factors KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650785 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789113 AU - Biter, R AU - Eno Transportation Foundation TI - U.S. INTERMODALISM: CARGO LIABILITY ISSUES PY - 1999 SP - p. 41-58 AB - In seeking to understand the U.S. laws and regulations governing cargoes moving to, from, or within the United States, the most basic statements that can be made are as follows: No single regime of rules or uniform liability system for addressing loss and damage issues exists. Few reliable sources for data allow detailed analysis of the problem. This paper outlines the laws creating today's liability regimes and explores the issues influencing any international liability regime for intermodal cargoes. U1 - Toward Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States: Next StepsEuropean Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway AdministrationMunich, Germany StartDate:19981119 EndDate:19981120 Sponsors:European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway Administration KW - Cargo facilities KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - Laws KW - Liability KW - Loss and damage KW - Regulations KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650784 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789110 AU - Eno Transportation Foundation TI - TOWARD IMPROVED INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES: NEXT STEPS. REPORT OF AN ENO TRANSPORTATION FOUNDATION POLICY FORUM HELD NOVEMBER 19-20, 1998, IN MUNICH, GERMANY PY - 1999 SP - 94p AB - In November 1998, a group of high-level industry and government representatives met to discuss ways to improve intermodal freight operations between Europe and the United States. This report summarizes their discussions. The views represented include those of shippers and carriers, government and industry, rail and truck, logistics providers and corporate outsourcers, and Europeans and Americans. The Forum Proceedings includes the following subject headings: Intermodal Liability Issues, Legal and Regulatory Issues in Intermodal Transport, Best Practices in Intermodal Freight Transport, and Toward Improved European and U.S. Intermodal Freight Transport - Next Steps. In addition, the following 5 articles are included in this report: Interoperability in Intermodal Freight Transport, Intermodal Transportation and Carrier Liability, U.S. Intermodalism - Cargo Liability Issues, Legal and Regulatory Issues Affecting Intermodalism in the European Union, and Legal and Regulatory Barriers to Better International Intermodal Transport. U1 - Toward Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States: Next StepsEuropean Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway AdministrationMunich, Germany StartDate:19981119 EndDate:19981120 Sponsors:European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway Administration KW - Air cargo KW - Best practices KW - Carriers KW - Corporations KW - Europe KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interoperability KW - Legal factors KW - Liability KW - Logistics KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Regulations KW - Shipments KW - Shippers KW - Standardization KW - Trucks KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650781 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789112 AU - Asariotis, R AU - Eno Transportation Foundation TI - INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION AND CARRIER LIABILITY PY - 1999 SP - p. 33-40 AB - This paper presents the need for developing an integrated liability system in established and potential regulatory options, as well as possible key elements of such a system. U1 - Toward Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States: Next StepsEuropean Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway AdministrationMunich, Germany StartDate:19981119 EndDate:19981120 Sponsors:European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway Administration KW - Carriers KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Liability KW - Regulatory constraints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650783 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789111 AU - Betak, J AU - Black, I AU - Morlok, E AU - Eno Transportation Foundation TI - INTEROPERABILITY IN INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT PY - 1999 SP - p. 17-31 AB - In October 1997, the Eno Foundation held a policy forum on intermodal freight transport in Europe and the United States. One area identified for further consideration was standardization, harmonization, or interoperability of equipment, information, and communication technologies. This paper provides a framework and background information reflecting observations and data contained in the literature, as well as conversations with senior industry representatives. U1 - Toward Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States: Next StepsEuropean Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway AdministrationMunich, Germany StartDate:19981119 EndDate:19981120 Sponsors:European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway Administration KW - Communication systems KW - Equipment KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interoperability KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650782 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783070 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Venhovens, P J Th AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCED VEHICLE NAVIGATION IN BMW DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS PY - 1999 SP - p. 43-52 AB - This report examines the role that Global Positioning System (GPS)- based automobile navigation systems will have in driver assistance systems. It first gives an overview of global positioning systems. This is followed by a discussion of map databases and how they contribute information towards vehicle navigation. Several driver assistance applications that use GPS and map databases are then discussed. KW - Automobile navigation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638876 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783072 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Hackney, R Steven AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - SIDE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS : BETTER AGREEMENT BETWEEN EFFECTIVENESS PREDICTIONS AND REAL-WORLD DATA PY - 1999 SP - p. 59-68 AB - This paper presents a mathematical model that can be used to predict the effectiveness of side collision avoidance systems (SCAS). The estimates show that SCAS can effectively produce a measurable improvement in safety. The model is used to predict a reduction in lane change accidents and incidents by using a side collision avoidance sensor. KW - Crash avoidance systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638878 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783074 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Jocoy, Edward H AU - Pirson, Herbert A AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - THREAT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR INTERSECTION COLLISION AVOIDANCE : REAL- TIME SYSTEM PERFORMANCE PY - 1999 SP - p. 87-97 AB - This paper describes the design and development of an in-vehicle threat detection system which uses multi-radar and is used in a multi-target intersection collision avoidance system. Warnings are issued when joint occupation of an intersection is predicted. The authors first describe the radar and signal processing design. This is followed by a discussion of the concept of using three existing headway radars in a three-beam configuration. Results from experiments using a multi-beam radar configuration in traffic coming from both directions are discussed. KW - Crash avoidance systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638880 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783073 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Campbell, John L AU - Pittenger, Jerry L AU - Everson, Jeffrey H AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH ISSUES FOR INTEGRATION OF ITS DEVICES PY - 1999 SP - p. 79-85 AB - This paper presents a summary of the activities and results of a human factors review for the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) Program. Focus was on identifying human factors that need to be addressed early on in the life cycle of the IVI program. The project was conducted in two phases. The first phased involved a workshop which identified: state-of-the-art technologies applicable to IVI vehicles, human factors issues associated with each technology, and specific human factors research needs. The second phase of the project focused on a preliminary infrastructure and human factors in-vehicle requirements for alternative configurations of an IVI. KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638879 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783242 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Pape, D B AU - Hadden, J A AU - McMillan, N J AU - Narendran, V K AU - Everson, J H AU - Pomerleau, D A AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR RUN-OFF-ROAD COUNTERMEASURE SYSTEMS FOR CARS AND TRUCKS PY - 1999 SP - p. 113-118 AB - In this paper, the authors examine run-off-road situations for vehicles. Crash problems for both passenger cars and heavy trucks are first examined. This is followed by a look at simulation results of countermeasure systems. The article concludes with a discussion on further needs for countermeasure systems for cars and trucks. KW - Single vehicle crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639022 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783249 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Winkler, C AU - Fancher, P AU - Ervin, R AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR AIDING THE TRUCK DRIVER IN VEHICLE CONTROL PY - 1999 SP - p. 165-178 AB - This paper describes two prototype systems designed to aid truck drivers in controlling an articulated heavy-duty vehicle. The systems involve a roll stability advisor (RSA) and a rearward amplification suppression system (RAMS). Both systems are described in terms of their concept, design, and application. KW - Driver support systems KW - Trucking KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639029 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783066 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Weber, Jens AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY RESTRUCTURES CAR ELECTRONICS PY - 1999 SP - p. 1-9 AB - In this paper, the authors present a method for installing a reliable and stable software architecture for a car using information technology. A feasibility study is described in which information communication, entertainment, navigation, and vehicle electronics are integrated on a standard PC platform. Use of a product line approach to software development is discussed. KW - Electronic equipment KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638872 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783069 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Bertram, Torsten AU - Dominke, Peter AU - Muller, Bernd AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - THE SAFETY-RELATED ASPECT OF CARTRONIC PY - 1999 SP - p. 27-42 AB - This paper describes CARTRONIC, an open architecture for networking the control systems of a vehicle. Focus is on the safety analysis component which yields a safety architecture. The safety architecture will guarantee the safety of networking systems. KW - Control systems KW - Electronic equipment KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638875 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783245 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Hackney, R Stephen AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF A SIDE OBJECT DETECTION SYSTEM PY - 1999 SP - p. 137-143 AB - In this paper, the author presents parameters which can be used to assess sensor performance in object detection systems. It uses two specific performance characterization parameters (PCP): detection accuracy and the mean time between false alarms. The parameters are used to measure an existing sensor system, in addition to an overall performance measurement of the system. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - In vehicle sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639025 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783246 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Honma, Shinichi AU - Takahara, Toshiyuki AU - Akasu, Masahira AU - Sato, Shinichi AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - OFFSET PARABOLOIDAL REFLECTOR ANTENNA FOR VEHICULAR COLLISION AVOIDANCE RADAR PY - 1999 SP - p. 145-148 AB - In this paper, the authors present an offset paraboloidal reflector antenna for vehicular collision avoidance radar systems. The antenna designed for use at 77GHz, has suitable gain and beam width for collision avoidance radar. KW - Antennas KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Radar UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639026 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783075 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Wiacek, Christopher J AU - Najm, Wassim G AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - DRIVER/VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS IN REAR-END PRECRASH SCENARIOS BASED ON THE GENERAL ESTIMATES SYSTEM (GES) PY - 1999 SP - p. 99-103 AB - This paper studies different driver and vehicle characteristics as they impact pre-crash scenarios of rear-end collisions. It gives a statistical description of the five most frequently occurring rear-end precrash scenarios based on vehicle and driver characteristics. Variables were drawn from the General Estimates System (CRASH) crash database. Results from the study can be applied towards estimating the safety benefits of advanced technology rear-end collision avoidance systems for reducing the number of crashes and mitigating the level of severity. KW - Crashes KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638881 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783241 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Koziol, Joseph S AU - Lam, Andy AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - THE APPLICATION OF STATE SPACE BOUNDARIES IN THE SAFETY EVALUATION OF COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS PY - 1999 SP - p. 105-111 AB - This paper describes how the state of space boundaries from field operational test data can be used to evaluate the potential benefits of longitudinal collision avoidance systems. The state space boundary metric provides an enhanced measure of relative hazardousness. It integrates measures related to range, range rate, and deceleration level. This allows for more direct safety inferences to be made particularly in pre-crash scenarios. KW - Crash avoidance systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639021 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783248 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Kunert, Martin AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - RADAR-BASED NEAR DISTANCE SENSING DEVICE FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS PY - 1999 SP - p. 157-163 AB - This paper presents a near distance radar sensing device that has multi-functional capabilities. The technical requirements for near- term driver assistant functions are discussed. The required system architecture to handle those applications is described. The system is assessed for its performance and limits KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Radar UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639028 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783071 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Tanaka, Shoichi AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPACT SCAN LASER RADAR PY - 1999 SP - p. 53-58 AB - This paper describes a scan laser radar designed for use as a distance detecting sensor that can be applied to a vehicle distance warning system or an intelligent cruise control system. This scan laser radar is designed to be smaller, lower-priced, and higher in performance. KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Optical radar KW - Speed control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638877 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783240 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Kunimitsu, Aoki AU - Kataoka, Ichiro AU - Ishii, Koji AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - USABILITY OF DISPLAY-CONTROL SWITCHES FOR IN-VEHICLE INFORMATION NETWORK SYSTEM PY - 1999 SP - p. 69-77 AB - This paper describes how a simulator was used to evaluate information display systems. Different types of selection switches were compared and the relationship between the installation location of the display and switches was examined. Focus was on the average duration per look and average operation time KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639020 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783247 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Kim, Sung Ha AU - Moon, Pil Soo AU - Jang, Woon Sung AU - Kim, Kun Sang AU - Lee, Seong-chul AU - Woo, Minsu AU - Yi, Kyongsu AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A CW/CA SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES PY - 1999 SP - p. 149-155 AB - In this paper, the authors present a collision warning/collision avoidance (CW/CA) system that gives advance notice to the driver and makes the driver meet the situation. Under more dangerous conditions the system can apply brakes, thus avoiding an accident. The authors also present a hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the CS/CA which involves a controller, a vehicle simulator, a radar sensor, and a warning display. The operation of this system is described. KW - Crash avoidance systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639027 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783067 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsumoto, Masashi AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - FMCW AUTOMOTIVE RADARS USING ONLY IN-PHASE CHANNEL PY - 1999 SP - p. 11-17 AB - This paper describes a novel Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar that is used only with in-phase channel. The merit of using the radar in this fashion is that it can suppress the ambiguity about range and target velocity, thus reducing performance deterioration. The radar is used in detection applications. KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Radar UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638873 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783068 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Frodl, Robert AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - NEW GENERATION OF ACTIVE MICROPHONES FOR HANDSFREE COMMUNICATION AND VOICE RECOGNITION PY - 1999 SP - p. 19-26 AB - This paper examines the requirements of mobile phones and voice recognition technologies in terms of accommodating the complex acoustic patterns found in cars. It examines issues related to directivity, frequency response, and vibration isolation. Calculations and in-vehicle tests are conducted to determine microphone positioning. KW - Cellular radio KW - Speech synthesis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638874 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783243 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Shaffer, S J AU - Christiaen, A C AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - IMPROVED CRASH AVOIDANCE USING PERFORMANCE-BASED BRAKE TEST RESULTS PY - 1999 SP - p. 119-125 AB - This paper describes the use of performance-based brake testers (PBBT) to measure the brake forces on different configurations of control vehicles. It shows how PBBT data can be combined with the knowledge of limiting tire/road coefficient of friction. This allows the maximum deceleration potential to be obtained and incorporated into on-board crash avoidance systems. KW - Brakes KW - Crash avoidance systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639023 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00783244 JO - IV : vehicle navigation systems and advanced controls PB - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Uhler, Werner AU - Scherl, Michael AU - Lichtenberg, Bernd AU - Robert Bosch GmbH AU - Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Ruf Electronics GmbH AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha AU - Robert Bosch BmbH AU - A.L.I.R.T. Advanced Technology Products AU - Siemens Aktiengesellschaft AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - DRIVING COURSE PREDICTION USING DISTANCE SENSOR DATA PY - 1999 SP - p. 127-135 AB - In this paper, the authors present two methods to predict a host vehicle's trajectory based on measured and recorded position data from other vehicles. The quality of the projection is determined by the number of tracked vehicles, their number of lane changes, and the quality of the signals that are received from a distance sensor. It is not affected by changes of the host vehicle and the varying lane curvature. A second method analyzes each vehicle's trajectory separately, extracts the corresponding parameters, and then assigns a quality. Based on these values, a statistical analysis calculates representative trajectory parameters to predict he host vehicle's motion KW - Driver support systems KW - In vehicle sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/639024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932369 AU - Jeong, D Y AU - Tang, Y H AU - Orringer, O AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Tufts University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ESTIMATION OF RAIL WEAR LIMITS BASED ON RAIL STRENGTH INVESTIGATIONS PY - 1998/12 SP - 44 p. AB - This report describes analyses performed to estimate limits on rail wear based on strength investigations. Two different failure modes are considered in this report: (1) permanent plastic bending, and (1) rail fracture. Rail bending stresses are calculated using the classical theory of beams on elastic foundation. The effect of wear is modeled as a geometric change of the rail section due to loss of material from wear. Two different wear patterns are examined: (1) vertical rail-head height loss, and (2) gage-face wear from the side of the rail (referred to as gage-face side wear). An elementary plastic-collapse criterion is used to estimate wear limits based on failure by means of rail bending. An approximate method that was previously developed to analyze the growth of internal transverse defects is also applied to estimate wear limits on the basis of fracture strength. These analyses reveal that rail-wear limits estimated with the fracture-mechanics approach are more restrictive (i.e., conservative) than those based on the plastic-bending approach. Therefore, for safe operations on railroad tracks, allowable rail-wear limits should be estimated on the basis of fracture strength. KW - Bending KW - Estimating KW - Failure KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Head height loss (Railroad tracks) KW - Permanent plastic bending KW - Railroad tracks KW - Strength of materials KW - Stresses KW - Wear UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13100/13159/ord9807.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18700/18741/PB2002101744.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00747540 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - POCKET GUIDE TO TRANSPORTATION PY - 1998/12 SP - 24 p. AB - This pamphlet, Pocket Guide to Transportation, has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The pamphlet provides a snapshot of transportation trends over the past 25 years. Compiled from multiple sources, the guide is divided into four section: Transportation System Extent and Use; Transportation and the Economy; Transportation and Safety; and Transportation, Energy, and the Environment. KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Safety KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759854 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Department of Commerce TI - 1997 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY: UNITED STATES (PRELIMINARY) PY - 1998/12 SP - v.p. AB - The 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the movement of goods in the United States. It provides information on commodities shipped, their value, weight, and mode of transportation, as well as, the origin and destination of shipments of manufacturing, mining, wholesale, and selected retail establishments. The CFS was last conducted in 1993. The data from the CFS are used by public policy analysts and for transportation planning and decision-making to assess the demand for transportation facilities and services, energy use, and safety risk and environmental concerns. This report - the first in a series - presents preliminary results, aggregated to the United States and two-digit commodity code levels. The data in this report are subject to revision based on additional processing and analysis that will follow at the more detailed geographic and commodity levels. KW - Commodity flow KW - Manufacturing KW - Market value KW - Mining KW - Origin and destination KW - Retail trade KW - Shipments KW - Surveys KW - Transportation modes KW - Weight KW - Wholesale trade UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00782224 AU - Jeong, D Y AU - Tang, Y H AU - Orringer, O AU - Periman, A B AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Tufts University AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROPAGATION ANALYSIS OF TRANSVERSE DEFECTS ORIGINATING AT THE LOWER GAGE CORNER OF RAIL PY - 1998/12 SP - 72 p. AB - This report describes analyses performed to examine the growth rate of a particular transverse defect that forms in the rail head. The most common transverse defect found in rail, known as the detail fracture, has been studied in previous work. The present analyses focus on another internal transverse defect which originates at the lower gage corner of the rail head and has not been examined previously. This defect has been provisionally named 'reversed detail fracture' because its origin is in the lower gage corner rather than the upper gage corner where detail fractures have been known to occur. The growth rate of reverse detail fractures is examined by modifying a model previously developed to analyze detail fractures. These modifications and other details of the analyses are described in this report. KW - Defects KW - Fracture tests KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Transverse cracking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13100/13175/ord9806.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15700/15735/PB2000100437.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759842 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INNOVATION IN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1998/12 SP - 58 p. AB - This report provides an assessment of public/private partnerships, the challenges they face, and their potential within the nation's transportation system. Included are examples that highlight activities in various transportation modes and the lessons they demonstrate. The report draws the following conclusions: Public/private partnerships in transportation have had modest success as compared to other public policy agendas. The success of these partnerships is limited by factors such as divergent motivations, limited resources, evolving legal constraints, and changing agendas among participants. Preventive strategies that minimize the impact of these challenges are needed. In order for transportation-related partnerships to achieve a fuller potential, additional efforts are needed to leverage existing research and development investments and build new ones, possibly as part of the overall R&D investment environment. KW - Innovation KW - Public private partnerships KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation policy UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21500/21505/PB99121311.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759561 AU - Nicholas, D F AU - Anderson, R AU - Redington, M AU - Rutyna, E AU - Tallon, A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - EG and G Services, Incorporated TI - DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING RESULTS 1997 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1998/12 SP - 80 p. AB - This annual report is a compilation and analysis of public transit drug and alcohol testing reported by transit systems in the United States during 1997. The report covers testing results for the following drug types: marijuana, cocaine, PCP, opiates, and amphetamines. The test types covered are: pre-employment, random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion, return-to-duty, and follow-up. The report also covers testing results for alcohol for the following test types: random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion, return-to-duty, and follow-up. KW - Alcohol tests KW - Annual reports KW - Cocaine KW - Drug use KW - Marijuana KW - Personnel management KW - Safety management KW - Testing UR - http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/publications/Substance/DAMIS97/damis97.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21500/21524/PB99123275.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/495955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00762084 AU - Multer, J AU - Rudich, R AU - Yearwood, K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS GUIDELINES FOR LOCOMOTIVE CABS PY - 1998/11 SP - 236 p. AB - This document presents human factors' guidelines for the evaluation of the locomotive cab. These guidelines are part of an effort to evaluate working conditions and safety in the locomotive cab. The guidelines will serve as a decision-making tool for evaluating current and proposed locomotive designs and in particular Association of American Railroads (AAR) standards for defining industry requirements in cab design. The human factors concerns addressed by these guidelines can be divided into two themes: working conditions and information technology. Chapters within the guidelines address the following topics: heating, ventilation, air conditioning, noise, vibration, toilet facilities, general considerations for cab layout, ingress and egress, visibility, seating and workstation design. Workstation design includes both hardware and software issues. Within each chapter, human factors considerations are presented within the context of relevant operational issues and specific recommendations are offered. KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Design standards KW - Human factors KW - Information technology KW - Locomotives KW - Vehicle design KW - Working conditions UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13100/13176/ord9803.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42700/42711/ord9803.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760736 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - AUTONOMOUS DIAL-A-RIDE TRANSIT TECHNICAL OVERVIEW PY - 1998/11 SP - 106 p. AB - This report is a distillation of four separate papers prepared under Phase 1 of the Autonomous Dial-a-Ride (ADART) Project: "Autonomous Dial-a-Ride Transit Introductory Overview"; "State of the Practice in Dial-a-Ride Transit; "Autonomous Dial-a-Ride Transit Mobile Communications"; and, "Review of Vehicle Navigation Hardware an Software Systems". This report describes the essential features of ADART and establishes a context for ADART implementation based on urban transit industry characteristics. ADART is proposed as a many-to-few demand responsive service that uses modern computer technology to boost productivity and labor requirements. Subscribers to ADART could use the service to travel from their homes to one or more attraction centers or from attraction centers to their homes or other dispersed destinations. Potential benefits, as compared to conventional dial-a-ride services, include reduced costs and improved service with the advantages of ADART increasing as scale of operations expands. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Autonomous vehicle guidance KW - Computer programming KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Flexibility KW - Level of service KW - Onboard navigational aids UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21600/21651/PB99130387.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496413 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00789115 AU - Kulash, D J AU - Eno Transportation Foundation TI - LEGAL AND REGULATORY BARRIERS TO BETTER INTERNATIONAL INTERMODAL TRANSPORT PY - 1998/10/28 SP - p. 69-83 AB - This paper examines how the U.S. regulatory system for transport evolved, particularly features of that system that affect intermodal transport. It concludes by sketching a few areas of pending change that may pose opportunities for improved intermodal freight transport between Europe and the United States. It represents the second step of a dialogue between European and U.S. leaders, which began with a forum in Washington, DC, in October 1997, seeking improved intermodal freight service between these two regions. U1 - Toward Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States: Next StepsEuropean Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway AdministrationMunich, Germany StartDate:19981119 EndDate:19981120 Sponsors:European Commission, Directorate General VII (Transport); U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Intermodalism and Federal Highway Administration KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - Legal factors KW - Regulatory constraints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/650786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518886 AU - Wright, Melanie C AU - Monterey Technologies, Incorporated AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Human Factors Evaluation of TSO-C129A GPS Receivers PY - 1998/10/22 SP - 49p AB - This report documents an evaluation of the usability of TSO-C129a-certified Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. Bench and flight tests were conducted on six GPS receivers. The evaluations covered 23 flight tasks. Both subjective and objective measures were recorded to assess the usability of the receivers and to identify potential human factors problems. Reports of the results of each individual evaluation were written previously and presented to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and to the GPS manufacturers. This report provides an integrated summary of those six evaluations. KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Evaluation KW - Flight tests KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human factors UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/48000/48500/48577/Human_Factors_Evaluation_of_TSO-C129A_GPS_Receivers.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290284 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458597 TI - Benefit Assessment of Intelligent Vehicle Systems AB - This project developed needed tools and methodologies to assess the safety and other benefits of intelligent vehicle services. KW - Benefits KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Methodology KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Tools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226808 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01395633 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Sharma, S C AU - Liu, G X AU - Thomas, S TI - Sources of error in estimating truck traffic from automatic vehicle classification data PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 89-93 KW - Accuracy KW - Accuracy KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Automatic vehicle identification (AVI) KW - Intelligent transport systems (ITS) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Methodology KW - Modelling KW - Traffic count KW - Traffic counts KW - Truck KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1163405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00793160 AU - Ford, R E AU - Richards, S H AU - Hungerford, J C AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF RETROREFLECTIVE MARKINGS TO INCREASE RAIL CAR CONSPICUITY - SAFETY OF HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS PY - 1998/10 SP - 228 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines and recommendations for the design of retroreflective marking systems to enhance the conspicuity of rail cars at night. Three methods were used to generate and evaluate the marking systems for a standard hopper car. First, a group of human factors and transportation engineers used the Nominal Group Technique to generate candidate retroreflective marking systems. Secondly, two panels, one comprised of individuals with expertise in the area of conspicuity of markings and one without this expertise, made subjective judgements as to the effectiveness of the marking systems. Finally, a computer controlled real-time experiment was conducted to establish the relative performance of the systems based on detection and recognition times. The evaluations indicated that any of the retroreflective systems tested improved rail car conspicuity when compared to a nonreflective marking. The data suggest that bright colors distributed to give an indication of the size or shape of the rail car were most effective, and distributions that concentrated the markings along the lower side of the car were less effective, regardless of the color pattern. For detection, the fluorescent yellow was the most effective color pattern regardless of the distribution pattern. However, for recognition, fluorescent yellow or red, i.e., single color patterns, were more effective than a color pattern made up of red and white. Additional studies should be performed to determine the dynamic effectiveness of different color and distribution patterns when fitted to different types of rail cars. KW - Color KW - Detection (Recognition) time KW - Experiments KW - Highway safety KW - Hopper cars KW - Layout KW - Marking materials KW - Night visibility KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Visibility UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/15000/15500/15594/PB2000100108.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/8000/8400/8400/pm9822.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/649069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783660 AU - Dresley, S C AU - Lacombe, A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - VALUE OF INFORMATION AND INFORMATION SERVICES PY - 1998/10 SP - 51 p. AB - This report describes and, where possible, quantifies the value of information and information services for transportation agencies. It evaluates the various means of accessing information and looks at the important role of the information professional. In 1994, the Transportation Research Board Committee A5001 on the Conduct of Research addressed the need to improve recognition of the value of information, information services, and information professionals. As a result, the Federal Highway Administration initiated a project overseen by a panel of technical experts to: 1) determine the value of information and information services and 2) identify strategies for promoting information programs (included in this report as an appendix). This report documents how information services help transportation agencies operate more efficiently and effectively. Based on an extensive literature search and interviews with public and private-sector experts, it shows that the value of information can be measured in terms of: 1) reduced costs of agency research, technology development, and operations; 2) quicker implementation of innovations and time savings; and 3) more effective decision making at all levels of the agency. The support of top management is also an indicator of the value information and information services hold within an organization. This report documents that information services are of significant value to transportation agencies. It also identifies a number of areas where existing programs and resources need to be strengthened. Recommendations for the Federal Highway Administration and its partners include: taking the lead in building consensus on information issues and developing a national transportation information policy; developing a national marketing action plan to raise awareness of the value of information, educate management on the need for information services, and promote information programs in transportation agencies; and developing a comprehensive inventory of all transportation information resources and programs available nationwide. KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Development KW - Information management KW - Information services KW - Inventory KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Organizations KW - Professional personnel KW - Public information programs KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Research KW - Technology KW - Value UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21900/21925/PB99148967.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6400/6411/voireport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636801 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759491 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Delucchi, M AU - Hsu, S-L AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - THE EXTERNAL DAMAGE COST OF NOISE EMITTED FROM MOTOR VEHICLES PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - p. 1-24 AB - With a detailed model of the cost of motor vehicle noise in the United States in 1990, it is estimated that the external damage cost of this noise could range from as little as $100 million per year to as much as $40 billion per year, although it is believed that the cost is not likely to exceed $5 billion (1991$); the base estimate is $3 billion. The wide range is due primarily to uncertainty regarding the cost of noise per decibel above a threshold, the interest rate, the amount of noise attenuation due to ground cover and intervening structures, the threshold level below which damages are assumed to be zero, the density of housing alongside roads, average traffic speeds, and the cost of noise away from home. KW - Cost estimating KW - Damages KW - Emission control systems KW - Motor vehicles KW - Noise control KW - Pollution control UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n3/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760813 AU - Raj, P K AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Kangas, R A AU - Technology and Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CLEAN AIR PROGRAM: DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS USING HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL PY - 1998/10 SP - 80 p. AB - Alternative fuels such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and alcohol fuels (methanol, and ethanol) are already being used in commercial vehicles and transit buses in revenue service. Hydrogen, which has better air quality characteristics as a vehicle fuel, is being used in research demonstration projects in fuel cell powered buses, as well as in internal combustion engines in automobiles and small trucks. At present, there are no facility guidelines to assist transit agencies contemplating the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel. This document addresses the various issues involved. Hydrogen fuel properties, potential hazards, fuel replacements for specified levels of bus service, applicable codes and standards, ventilation, and electrical classification are indicated in this document. These guidelines also present various facility and bus design issues that need to be considered by a transit agency to ensure safe operation when using hydrogen as an alternative fuel. Fueling facility, garaging facility, maintenance facility, requirements and safety practices are discussed. Critical fuel related safety issues in the design of the related systems on the bus are also identified. A system safety assessment and hazard resolution process is also presented. This approach may be used to select design strategies which are economical, yet ensure a specific level of safety. KW - Air quality KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Clean Air Act KW - Clean fuels KW - Design practices KW - Facilities KW - Fuel elements KW - Hydrogen fuels KW - Safety KW - Systems analysis UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21500/21515/PB99123036.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/8000/8700/8707/BTSDesignGuidelines.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496425 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759498 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Coindet, J AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - HOME-TO-WORK TRIPS DURING THE TRANSPORTATION STRIKES IN ILE-DE-FRANCE AT THE END OF 1995 PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - p. 43-51 AB - In November-December 1995, the region Ile-de-France experienced strikes resulting in a virtually complete interruption of public transit. During this period, a majority of economic activity continued. The Department of Transportation Local Service carried out a survey of this time period from which several lessons can be learned. Considerable congestion on the roads increased the journey to work by 70%. 90% of the workforce advanced their hour of departure from their residence by 90 minutes on average, and 80% left work more than 90 minutes early. The peak schedule of demand was advances by up to 2 hours in the morning and 2.5 hours in the evening. The peaks were broader and flatter, particularly in the morning. Almost 50% of those normally using public transit switched to private cars, most often a carpool. The stopgap measures taken in the absence of public transit worked to some degree. Since the end of the strike, however, commuters returned to their earlier modes of transportation. KW - Carpools KW - France KW - Mode choice KW - Paratransit services KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Strikes KW - Travel time KW - Work trips UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n3/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498053 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759499 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Armoogum, J AU - Madre, J L AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - WEIGHTING OR IMPUTATIONS? THE EXAMPLE OF NONRESPONSES FOR DAILY TRIPS IN THE FRENCH NPTS PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - p. 53-63 AB - This paper reports on methods used to correct nonresponse for daily mobility in the French National Personal Transportation Surveys. A two-stage technique was used for unit nonresponse: 1) post-stratification according to the households' characteristics related to response behavior; and 2) correction for sampling error by calibration on margins. Imputation procedures (e.g., deductive, regression based, hot-deck) were also used to correct item nonresponse. These methods maintained the consistent relationships among the main variables describing trips. The paper also addresses how the specific circumstances of this case (e.g., sample drawn from the census, no computer assistance during the interviews) led to the choice of methods. KW - Daily KW - France KW - Households KW - Mobility KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Sampling KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n3/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9100/9103/4armoog.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498054 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759502 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Sharma, S C AU - Liu, G X AU - THOMAS, S AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - SOURCES OF ERROR IN ESTIMATING TRUCK TRAFFIC FORM AUTOMATIC VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION DATA PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - p. 89-93 AB - Truck annual average daily traffic estimation errors resulting from sample classification counts are computed in this paper under two scenarios. One scenario investigates an improper factoring procedure that may be used by highway agencies. The study results show consistent and substantial overestimates of truck traffic when truck counts are estimated using adjustment factors obtained from total traffic volume. In the second scenario, better estimates result when the required factors are obtained from a permanent automatic vehicle classifier exhibiting a pattern of truck traffic that is similar to the pattern at the sample count site. A limited research analysis of truck type estimation from sample counts is also presented in this paper. KW - Adjustment factors KW - Annual average daily traffic KW - Automatic vehicle classification KW - Factor analysis KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Samples KW - Traffic estimation KW - Truck traffic UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n3/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498057 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759500 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Weisbrod, G AU - Treyz, F AU - Treyz, F AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - PRODUCTIVITY AND ACCESSIBILITY: BRIDGING PROJECT SPECIFIC AND MACROECONOMIC ANALYSES OF TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - p. 65-79 AB - Many studies of the local economic impacts of individual highway projects rely on overly narrow measures of economic benefits. Another type of research, focusing on economic productivity, defines benefits more broadly but is also limited by geographic and functional aggregation constraints. This paper attempts to bridge these two perspectives, describing how project-specific analysis methods can shed light on the overall macroeconomic effects of transportation infrastructure spending. It first identifies - at a micro level - the different functional elements of economic development benefits and business productivity. It then critically assesses the state of current methods and data for both aggregate level analysis of capital investment benefits and local level analysis of specific highway project impacts. Results of recent research are then used to illustrate how the analysis of local impacts of specific highway projects can be more fully measured in a context consistent with overall productivity and other economic concepts. KW - Accessibility KW - Capital expenditures KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic benefits KW - Economic impacts KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Macroeconomics KW - Productivity KW - Project management UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n3/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9100/9102/5weis.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498055 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759501 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - BLUM, U AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES AND THE PUBLIC PROVISION OF TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - p. 81-88 AB - Do transportation systems, comprising infrastructure, service, and use, produce external benefits? If they do, should positive externalities be accounted for in the evaluation of infrastructure investments? This paper argues that while direct, technological, external benefits from transportation are difficult to find, meaningful positive externalities can arise from transportation systems in at least two ways. First, transportation infrastructure can reduce pre-existing negative externalities, and the reduction of external cost must be considered an external benefit. Second, because transportation is essentially a derived demand its effects are broadly diffused throughout the primary markets that induce transportation demand. To the extent that changes in transportation infrastructure induce positive externalities in these primary markets, external benefits should be attributed to transportation. KW - Cost control KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic benefits KW - Externalities KW - Financial analysis KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Market structure UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n3/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498056 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759492 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Mokhtarian, P L AU - Henderson, D K AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - ANALYZING THE TRAVEL BEHAVIOR OF HOME-BASED WORKERS IN THE 1991 CALTRANS STATEWIDE TRAVEL SURVEY PY - 1998/10 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - p. 25-41 AB - This study compares the travel patterns of three different groups of workers identified in the 1991 Caltrans Statewide Travel Survey: home based business (HBB) workers, home based telecommuters (HBT), and non-home based (NHB) workers. HBB workers have the highest average daily trip rate of the three groups, while rates for HBTs and NHB workers are statistically equivalent. Differences in drive-alone trip rates and time spent traveling are similar to those of other studies, with HBTs making 0.6 (18%) fewer trips and traveling 46% less time than NHB workers. Although HBB workers have the highest work related trip rate, the NHB group makes nearly twice as many work and work related trips combined as the HBB group, and more than three times as many as HBTs. The temporal distribution of HBB trips is unimodal, in contrast to the traditional bi-modal distribution for NHB trips and a flat distribution for HBTs. The HBB group is quite heterogeneous, with distinct differences across industry in overall trip rates, freeway use, and rates by purpose. KW - Telecommuting KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Trip generation KW - Trip purpose KW - Work trips UR - http://www.uctc.net/papers/415.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498052 ER - TY - SER AN - 00753598 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - SPECIAL ISSUE ON THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE PY - 1998/09 SP - v.p. AB - This is special issue on the Northridge earthquake. Overall, the journal features original research that measures transportation activity and its importance to society; analyzes the consequences of transportation activity; evaluates the performance of transportation systems; and advances the science of acquiring, validating, managing, and disseminating transportation information. KW - Businesses KW - Earthquakes KW - Economic conditions KW - Information services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Structural analysis UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n2/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9100/9107/jts_v1_n2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789562 AU - Edwards, V AU - Daskalakis, A C AU - Oswald, L J AU - Brading, J AU - Warren, R AU - Dawes, N AU - Ubnoske, M AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - RUNWAY STATUS LIGHTS EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1998/09 SP - 360 p. AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducted a proof-of-concept demonstration of the Runway Status Lights (RWSL) at Bostons Logan International Airport. The RWSL, employing a network of lights on the airport movement surface, conveys information to enhance the pilots situational awareness of airport operations and to reduce the incidence of runway incursions and airport surface accents. The FAA extended the effort conducted previously by MIT Lincoln Laboratory by installing an operational system in a live environment, integrating the system with primary radar, designing and installing a prototype lighting system and demonstrating the performance requirements needed to uncover the lights. Maximum use of commercial off-the-shelf equipment (COTS) hardware and software was utilized to minimize cost and expedite the challenging schedule. The RWSL proof-of-concept demonstration accomplished all of its engineering objectives. One hundred hours of data were collected, representing 8298 operations involving arriving and departing aircraft with the network of lights covered, i.e. not observable to the pilots. The analysis of the data was used as a baseline to define system performance. The performance of the lighting network registered over 98% agreement with the Air Traffic Control (ATC) instructions. Because of restrictive limitations placed on uncovering the network of lights to pilots, statistically significant quantitative information was not collected. Specific recommendations and suggestions for improvement are included in this document. KW - Airport runways KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Airports KW - Lighting KW - Operations research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789534 AU - Geyer, M AU - Vilcans, J AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - SURVEILLANCE ALTERNATIVES: COST ESTIMATES AND TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE EN ROUTE DOMAIN PY - 1998/09 SP - 122 p. AB - This report presents cost estimates and technical performance projections for ten aircraft surveillance architectures. The architectures are intended for use in the en route flight domain, and are comprised of various combinations of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar (MSSR), and multialteration systems. Cost estimates are developed for use in comparing technologies (rather than specific programs). Technical performance information is presented in the areas of coverage, accuracy, and capacity. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Architecture KW - Automation KW - Broadcasting KW - Cost estimating KW - Performance KW - Radar KW - Surveillance KW - System design KW - Technology assessment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21000/21071/PB98173552.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00798560 AU - Maughan, J AU - Borener, S AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - United States Coast Guard TI - UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ATON BATTERY SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT PY - 1998/08 SP - 108 p. AB - The United States Coast Guard maintains approximately 12,000 fixed lighted aids to navigation (AtoNs). Historically, many of these lights were powered by primary batteries containing small amounts of mercury. These batteries were sometimes disposed of at the AtoN sites. The assessment of the potential impact of the mercury, as well as lead, zinc, and copper from these batteries, was performed at five aquatic and two terrestrial locations between October 1993 and December 1997. The work included laboratory studies of the batteries, which was based on a fate and transport model, and onsite investigations. Site characterizations took place in the Chesapeake Bay, Tampa Bay, the Tennessee River, Puget Sound, Midway Island , and the Channel Islands near Santa Barbara, California. The studies included substrate and biological sampling at locations before and after batteries were removed. Comparisons to background levels based upon the literature and onsite sample collection were made to determine whether any environmental or human health risk was presented by batteries. Estimates of the percent of mercury found in elemental and methylated form were made to determine the potential for biological impacts. The results of Toxicology Characteristic Leaching Procedure analyses of batteries, site investigations, and postremoval sampling all indicate that batteries do not pose a human health threat. The potential for ecological risk is minimized when batteries are removed; however, no effect on biota at any of the investigation sites was found. KW - Aids to navigation KW - Batteries by chemical elements KW - Channel Islands (California) KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - Copper KW - Electric batteries KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory studies KW - Leaching KW - Lead (Metal) KW - Mercury KW - Methylation KW - Midway Islands KW - Navigation lights KW - Primary batteries KW - Public health KW - Puget Sound KW - Tampa Bay KW - Tennessee River KW - Toxicology KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Water pollution KW - Zinc UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11100/11124/NTISreport.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21600/21613/PB99128837.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00758990 AU - Cardosi, K AU - Falzarano, P AU - Han, S Y AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PILOT-CONTROLLER COMMUNICATION ERRORS: AN ANALYSIS OF AVIATION SAFETY REPORTING SYSTEM (ASRS) REPORTS PY - 1998/08 SP - 44 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that contribute to pilot-controller communication errors. Reports submitted to the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) offer detailed accounts of specific types of errors and a great deal of insight as to why they occur. The communication errors found in this study could be classified into three types: readback/hearback errors (the pilot reads back the clearance incorrectly and the controller fails to correct the error), the absence of a pilot readback, and hearback errors type 2 (the controller fails to notice his or her own error in the pilot's correct readback). In the 386 reports analyzed, the most common contributing factors were: similar call signs on the same frequency, pilot expectations (e.g., accepting a clearance that they expected rather than what the controller actually said), and the high controller workload. The identified results of these communication errors were: altitude deviations, loss of standard separation, ATC operational errors, pilots landing on the wrong runway, and runway transgressions. The report concludes with recommendations for reducing the number of communication errors between pilots and controllers. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Airline pilots KW - Aviation safety KW - Communication and control KW - Communications KW - Errors KW - Human error KW - Human factors in crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21200/21237/PB99106668.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00753675 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRANSIT CONSTRUCTION ROUDTABLE - BRINGING TOGATHER TRANSIT PROPERTIES TO EXCHANGE IDEAS AND EXPERIENCES PY - 1998/08 SP - 21 p. AB - The Federal Transit Administration sposors the Transit Construction Roundtable, with the purpose of bringing together FTA and grantee staff involved in the construction of major capital transit projects. This publication highlights the accomplishment of this forum of engineers and construction managers. This exchange of ideas, experiences, and best practices in the implementation of high dollar/complex construction projects is expected to: improve the quality of major capital projects by sharing lessons learned among transit agencies; and, improve FTA's service to its customers by listening to their concerns and implementing program initiatives to facilitate project delivery. To date, ten semiannual meetings have been held in cities across the country. KW - Capital investments KW - Capital projects KW - Construction projects KW - Evaluation KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Program effectiveness KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/536557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00766009 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Roof, C J AU - Rapoza, A S AU - Read, D R AU - Webster, J C AU - Liebman, P C AU - Valihura, P J AU - Lewis, K C AU - Schomer, P D AU - Plante, J A AU - Draper, J A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF NOISE DOSE/VISITOR RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE NATIONAL PARKS OVERFLIGHT RULE: BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK STUDY PY - 1998/07 SP - 256 p. AB - This research was conducted in support of the National Parks Overflight Rule (National Rule). The foundation of the research program for the National Rule is the performance of noise dose/visitor response (dose-response) studies in several National Parks. This document summarizes the results of a dose-response study conducted along two separate segments of a frontcountry, short-hike trail at Bryce Canyon National Park during the period August 19 through 27, 1997. KW - Aircraft noise KW - Bryce Canyon National Park KW - Dose-response studies KW - National parks KW - National Parks Overflight Rule KW - Noise dose UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34355/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-98-6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00764608 AU - Lee, CSY AU - Fleming, G G AU - Burstein, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Computer Sciences Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA TRAFFIC NOISE MODEL (REGISTERED TRADEMARK), VERSION 1.0 LOOK-UP TABLES PY - 1998/07 SP - 216 p. AB - In March 1998, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) released the FHWA Traffic Noise Model [FHWA TNM (registered trademark)], Version 1.0, a state-of-the-art computer program for highway traffic noise prediction and analysis. Comparisons have shown TNM to agree extremely well with field measured data. To provide analysts with a quick screening tool for evaluating simple highway geometries, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility, in support of the FHWA, Office of Environment and Planning, has developed a set of look-up tables for TNM. The TNM Look-Up Tables are accompanied by a complementary DOS program entitled, TNMLOOK. This document contains the Look-Up Tables in their entirety, as well as instructions on how to use TNMLOOK. Three companion reports, a User's Guide, a Technical Manual and a data report, respectively, describe the use of TNM, its internal acoustics, and the vehicle noise-emissions data base within TNM. KW - Computer programs KW - Geometric design KW - Highway design KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Noise barriers KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00754492 AU - Boyd, M A AU - Maier, M P AU - Caton, J E AU - Boyd, Maier & Associates AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - CRITICAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES PY - 1998/07 SP - 186 p. AB - The purpose of these guidelines is to provide technical assistance to emergency managers, transit police, and other transit personnel for effectively managing critical incidents that affect patrons, employees, facilities, equipment, service, and the safety of surrounding communities. Definitions and characteristics of these events and their impact on organizations and systems are provided in this report, along with a description of the evolution of emergency management in transit and an explanation of emergency management tools. Chapter 1 provides an overview of 'Comprehensive Emergency Management', followed by a detailed discussion of the 'Integrated Emergency Management System' (IEMS) and its use. Subsequent chapters outline transit specific requirements for IEMS implementation. The term 'Emergency Manager' is used to describe the transit official responsible for overseeing emergency management activities. Overall, the guidelines provide a detailed discussion of transit and community activities necessary to support emergency preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts. The appendices provide a glossary of terms, a description of the roles and responsibilities of public safety organizations and other emergency responders, critical response exercises, and incident management worksheets. KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response time KW - Guidelines KW - Incidents KW - Reaction time KW - Recovery KW - Traffic incidents KW - Traffic mitigation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/FinalCrisisManagementGuidelines.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/536982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01325141 AU - Crowe, K E AU - Raj, P K AU - Technology and Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Analyses of Rail Chill Effect PY - 1998/06//Final Report SP - 60p AB - The principles of heat transfer are applied to analyze the so-called "rail chill" effect, which refers to heat loss by conduction from a hot rail vehicle wheel through the contact area into a cold rail, the wheel having been heated by friction braking. A difference of more than a factor of two is demonstrated between chill effectiveness based on instantaneous heat generation and transfer rates, and the total heat lost to the rail, as a percentage of the total heat generated over a specific period of time, in transit situations such as stop braking. KW - Braking KW - Cold weather KW - Heat transfer KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rolling contact UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35037/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-96-8.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35037/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-96-8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1086080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00797512 AU - Multer, J AU - Rapoza, A AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF A WAYSIDE HORN AT A HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSING PY - 1998/06 SP - 112 p. AB - The current study represents one of several efforts by the Federal Railroad Administration to evaluate the effectiveness of auditory warnings designed to promote awareness of approaching trains. A stationary horn (or wayside horn) located at the grade crossing was evaluated to learn whether it would reduce community noise impact without adversely affecting motorist safety, compared to a train horn. This report documents the results of two surveys comparing the community noise impact of a wayside horn to a train horn and an analysis of motorist behavior at the grade crossing. Acoustic data were also collected to describe the sound characteristics of each warning signal. The wayside horn tested was considerably less annoying to the community than the train horn. The lower sound level of the wayside horn compared to the train horn was a significant factor in explaining why it was perceived as less annoying than the train horn. In the safety evaluation, the wayside horn did not result in behavior that put the driver at increased accident risk compared to the train horn. Implementation issues that will impact safety and community noise were also identified. These issues included activation method, hardware design and standardization. KW - Audible warning devices KW - Field tests KW - Horns KW - Noise sources KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Safety factors KW - Warning signals UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21400/21414/PB99116758.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9100/9110/ord9804.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/654983 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921551 AU - Consolazio, G R AU - Johns, K W AU - Dexter, R J AU - Lehigh University AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGN & LUMINAIRE SUPPORT STRUCTURES. VOLUME II - FATIGUE TESTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM LUMINAIRE SUPPORT STRUCTURES PY - 1998/05//Final Report SP - 75 p. AB - Recently there were 8 straight and 6 cantilevered aluminum luminaire supports that failed along Route 147 in New Jersey. The cantilevered luminaire supports were mounted directly to the parapet of the Grassy Sound Bridge, which is part of Route 147. The cantilevered supports experienced cracking around the shoe base-to-pole weld and at the welds around the hand access holes. The straight poles were used along the side of the road leading up to the bridge. These straight poles were connected to their foundation through the breakaway transformer base. All of the poles that were on a transformer base experienced failure through the transformer base and not in the pole or shoe base. The primary purpose of the research described in this report was to determine the fatigue resistance of the socket detail used on the luminaire standards and to determine what caused the failure of the cantilevered aluminum luminaire supports on Route 147 in southern New Jersey. To accomplish this objective 12 luminaire support standards were tested to determine the fatigue resistance of the socket joint at the pole to shoe base connection. Pull tests were also performed to determine the dynamic characteristics, such as stiffness, natural frequency and percent of critical damping of each type of luminaire standard. The report concludes with design recommendations for fatigue resistance from natural wind gusts and vortex shedding and for improved shoe base-to-pole connection. KW - Aluminum KW - Cantilevers KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Failure analysis KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fatigue tests KW - Luminaires KW - Natural frequency KW - Poles (Supports) KW - Pull tests KW - Shoe base KW - Socket joint KW - Stiffness KW - Structural connection KW - Vortex shedding KW - Wind UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-1998-010.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18500/18583/PB2002100676.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35060/FHWA-NJ-1998-010.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706783 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00779565 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Boarnet, M G AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - BUSINESS LOSSES, TRANSPORTATION DAMAGE AND THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE PY - 1998/05 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - p. 49-63 AB - The 1994 Northridge earthquake damaged four major freeways in the Los Angeles area. Southern California firms were surveyed to assess the role that these transportation disruptions played in business losses. Of the firms that reported any earthquake loss, 43% stated that some portion of their business loss was due to transportation damage. For the firms that attributed some loss to transportation damage, the average response was that 39% of their earthquake related business losses were due to the disruptions in the transportation system. Overall, the survey results suggest that transportation damage played an important role in business losses following the earthquake. KW - Businesses KW - California KW - Earthquakes KW - Economic impacts KW - Economics KW - Losses KW - Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994 KW - Transportation UR - http://www.uctc.net/papers/341.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/512541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765952 AU - Lappin, J E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MARKETING ITS INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST PY - 1998/05 SP - 96 p. AB - The report provides the U.S. Department of Transportation Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) deployment community with information describing transportation investment decision-making at the state and local level and specific insight into the ITS deployment opportunities and obstacles faced by local and state transportation managers. The goal of the report is to identify education, information and outreach strategies that the Department can use to accelerate ITS deployment among the 75 metropolitan areas targeted by the Secretary of the Department of Transportation in 1996. KW - Decision making KW - Deployment KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Investments KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/jpo98029/marketits.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11500/11513/marketits.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20700/PB98141583.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502416 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759490 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Gould, J AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ISSUES UNDER EXCEPTIONAL CONDITIONS: THE CASE OF THE MASS MEDIA AND THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE PY - 1998/05 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - p. 65-73 AB - This study explores how the mass media covered transportation issues following the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The mass media were a vital channel for travel information, and they provided considerable information to the public about the safety of travel, alternative routes, and new travel modes. Using a methodology known as content analysis, it was found that the broadcast media also presented considerable detail and imagery about devastation to the transportation system at large. This study concludes that an alternative to the commercial mass media may be useful, since the implication from this research is that a vital part of disaster recovery rests in the dissemination of balanced transportation news and stories. KW - Broadcasting KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Earthquakes KW - Emergencies KW - Information dissemination KW - Information services KW - Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994 KW - Publicity KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/journal_of_transportation_and_statistics/volume_01_number_02/jts_v1_n2.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25000/25036/gould.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498050 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759149 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - WILLSON, R AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - IMPACTS AND RESPONSES: GOODS MOVEMENT AFTER THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE PY - 1998/05 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - p. 37-48 AB - The 1994 Northridge earthquake disrupted goods movement on four major highway routes in Southern California. This paper examines the impacts of the earthquake on Los Angeles County trucking firms, and finds that impact was initially widespred but relatively short-lived. Congestion delay and circuitous routing were the most common impacts. Rerouting and rescheduling strategies were ad hoc, rather than part of prearranged earthquake responses. The financial impacts of the earthquake were modest: mean first quarter revenues declined 0.2% while mean first quarter costs increased 3.5%. These impacts were smaller than expected because of quick restoration of highway access, made possible by redundancy in the road network and quick action by public agencies. KW - Earthquakes KW - Economic impacts KW - Emergencies KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway corridors KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Networks KW - Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994 KW - Redundancy KW - Service discontinuance UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n2/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25000/25035/willson.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/543131 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759147 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Giuliano, G AU - Golob, J AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - IMPACTS OF THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE ON TRANSIT AND HIGHWAY USE PY - 1998/05 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - p. 1-20 AB - The Northridge earthquake provided a unique opportunity to examine travel behavior responses to a major emergency. This paper examines travel patterns in two heavily damaged transportation corridors to determine how trip patterns changed over the recovery period. The research evaluates the behavioral response to changing transportation supply conditions and the extent to which transit is a viable substitute for the private vehicle under emergency conditions. The paper also examines cost and subsidy outcomes of the increased supply of transit for emergency response. The most striking characteristic of the changes in travel patterns observed in the post-earthquake period is flexibility. Travelers responded to the alternatives available. In one corridor, many commuters used commuter rail during the first few weeks, but shifted back to private vehicles as the detour routes were expanded. In both corridors, bus transit patronage did not change; the emergency bus services attracted few riders. To the extent possible in both corridors, travelers remained in their private vehicles and opted to shift routes, travel schedules, and destinations rather than shift to public transit or ridesharing. Cost and subsidy outcomes reflected these responses. The paper concludes that transportation system redundancy and the ability of individuals to make a variety of short-term adjustments in travel patterns makes rapid recovery possible even from major disasters. KW - Bus travel KW - Commuter service KW - Earthquakes KW - Emergencies KW - Flexibility KW - Highway travel KW - Impact studies KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Mode choice KW - Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994 KW - Private passenger vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation corridors KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n2/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25000/25034/giuliano.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/543129 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00759148 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - DAVIS, B AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORT-RELATED IMPACTS OF THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE PY - 1998/05 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - p. 21-36 AB - This research estimates the transportation related business interruption impacts of the 1994 Northridge earthquake using a spatial allocation model, SCPM (the Southern California Planning Model) and surveys of businesses and individuals. Total business interruption losses are estimated at more than $6.5 billion, sizeable but much smaller than total structural damage (over $25 billion), with an associated jobs loss of 69,000 person years. The four types of transportation related interruptions (commuting, inhibited customer access, and shipping and supply disruptions) totaled more than $1.5 billion, or 27% of all local business interruptions, with a job loss of more than 15,700 person years. In addition, there were commuting time losses of at least $33 million and some dislocation of shopping patterns and frequencies. These losses would have been much higher had it not been for the substantial redundancy of Los Angeles' highway system. KW - Commuter service KW - Earthquakes KW - Economic impacts KW - Emergencies KW - Highway corridors KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Loss and damage KW - Losses KW - Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994 KW - Redundancy UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n2/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5100/5147/gordon.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/543130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00751850 AU - Boyd, M A AU - Boyd, M P AU - Boyd, Maier and Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - TRANSIT SECURITY HANDBOOK PY - 1998/05 SP - 132 p. AB - This handbook has been sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) to (1) explain the security requirements specified in FTA's State Safety Oversight Rule (49 CFR Part 659), (2) provide an overview of security as it is currently provided by rail transit systems affected by the State Safety Oversight Rule, and (3) establish a reference for Oversight Agencies on security in the rail transit environment. KW - Crimes KW - Deployment KW - Facilities KW - Oversight KW - Prevention KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety and security KW - Security KW - Transportation safety UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/TransitSecurityHandbook.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20904/PB98157761.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00751851 AU - Thompson, A AU - Aftandilian, E AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1996 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1998/05 SP - 146 p. AB - This report is a compilation and analysis of transit accident casualty, and crime statistics reported under the Federal Transit Administration's National Transit Database Reporting Systems in the United States during 1996. KW - Casualties KW - Fatalities KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Injuries KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20847/PB98154578.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961900 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS FOR SELECTING MODES AND ROUTES FOR SHIPPING HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL PY - 1998/04 SP - 181 p. AB - Section 15 of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (see 49 U.S.C. Section 5105(d)(1994)) requires the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to conduct a study: "To decide which safety factors, if any, shippers and carriers should consider when selecting routes and modes that would enhance overall public safety related to the transportation of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. " The Act also requires that DOT evaluate the degree to which each factor affects overall public safety in the transport of these materials. This report documents the results of the study. The approach was to identify and evaluate the safety factors requiring consideration, the study examined the risks associated with: 1) incident-free radiological exposure--the exposure to low levels of radiation that normally occur as a result of the transport of radioactive materials, 2) accident-related radiological exposure--the radiation exposure attributable to accidents that result in releases of radioactive materials, and 3) non-radiological consequences of accidents--the fatalities, property damage, and other non-radiological consequences that result from accidents involving the transport of nuclear materials. Two distinct methodologies were used to identify the mode and route factors: (1) hierarchical analysis and (2) mathematical modeling of risk. The hierarchical analysis, drawing upon expertise of a 14-member technical advisory group, identified primary mode and route factors by first developing and ranking a comprehensive set of 82 safety factors. These factors were then screened to yield a set of eight primary factors. The final set of eight primary safety factors were general population exposed, occupational population exposed, sensitive environment exposed, trip length, shipment duration, accident rate, emergency response, and quantity of material shipped. These primary factors were evaluated for five transportation options: 1) truck transport, 2) regular freight trains, 3) dedicated trains, 4) water transport, and 5) water-rail intermodal movements. The study considered the risk to the general public near loading and unloading facilities and along transportation routes, and to transportation personnel who handle radioactive materials or operate the equipment used to transport the materials. KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Freight trains KW - Freight transportation KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act 1990 KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Incident management KW - Injuries KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loss and damage KW - Mathematical models KW - Personnel KW - Property KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Rail marine interface KW - Risk analysis KW - Routes KW - Safety KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Transportation modes KW - Trucks KW - Water transportation UR - http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/Mode_Route.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660459 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00752084 JO - TranStats PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TRANSPORTATION SATELLITE ACCOUNTS PY - 1998/04 SP - 5 p. AB - This publication presents key findings from a new study by the federal government that has established that transportation services contribute a greater share of the value generated by the U.S. economy than previously measured. The study also shows that the services sector, like manufacturing, is highly dependent on transportation. Further, the study suggests that improved transportation efficiency could play a more important role than previously understood in supporting the competitiveness of U.S. products. One of the reasons why the magnitude of transportation services has long been underrepresented in national economic data is that, until now, national measures of transportation services only counted the value of for-hire transportation, ignoring the sizable contribution of in-house transportation within nontransportation firms (e.g., grocery companies using their own truck fleets). A new accounting tool, called the Transportation Satellite Accounts (TSA), now provides a way to measure both in-house and for-hire transportation services. The TSA are statistically and conceptually consistent with the national accounts used to calculate gross domestic product. These accounts are based on the 5-year Economic Census; 1992 is the most recent year for which complete data are available. KW - Accounting KW - Economic growth KW - Freight and passenger services KW - Transportation satellite accounts KW - Transportation services KW - United States UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transtats/issue_04/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13013/ts4r.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488025 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789533 AU - Bud, M AU - STEARNS, M AU - Mengert, P AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - TERRAIN DISPLAY ALTERNATIVES: ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION DENSITY AND ALERTING STRATEGIES PY - 1998/04 SP - 54 p. AB - Current technology makes it possible to display investigation and terrain information on electronic screens in the cockpit. The conventions used for position and terrain information must be clearly presented so pilots can maintain their positional awareness and avoid collisions with terrain. There are few very recommendations or guidelines available for the design and evaluation of electronic displays. The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), in support of the Federal Aviation Administrations (FAAs) Office of the Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors, AAR-100, conducted a series of experiments to explore human factors issues in depicting terrain on electronic displays. Experiments examined instrument-rated General Aviation (GA pilots ability to interpret terrain shown on electronic plan view displays in a flight simulator. The four experiments examined the following electronic display alternatives: the utility of presenting nonthreatening terrain during approaches; effectiveness of showing only terrain features for terrain avoidance; preferences for information density; and the utility of terrain displays paired with visual terrain alerts. Results suggest display designs should incorporate alerts that identify danger and reorient pilots. Electronic displays with terrain that incorporate these recommendation should diminish the number of accidents resulting from a loss of positional awareness, such as controlled-flight-into-terrain (CFIT) accidents. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation KW - Airplanes KW - Cockpits KW - Electronic equipment KW - Flight simulators KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems KW - Navigation KW - Positioning KW - Terrain KW - Visual display units (Computers) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647866 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961609 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Roof, C J AU - Read, D R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR THE MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF LOW-LEVEL AMBIENT NOISE PY - 1998/03/08 SP - 100 p. AB - This document describes an ambient noise measurements protocol, a detailed methodology for characterizing ambient noise of low level environments such as the National Parks. It presents definitions of terminology useful for understanding the measurement and assessment guidelines. Also included is a general overvier, a historical perspective, and a statement of purpose and objective. Specific details of characterizing a study area's ambient noise are outlined, including measurement site selection, instrumentation, and general field measuremant procedures. Particular attention is given to the data reduction and analysis methodology, including guidance on assigning actual measured ambient noise to all specific locations within a study area. Proposed field testing of the methodology and subsequent refinement are also discussed. Additionally, specifics on a low level noise measurement system developed by the Volpe Center Acoustics Facility are included. KW - Ambient noise KW - Assessments KW - Environmental protection KW - Field tests KW - Guidelines KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Pollution KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109034 AU - Choros, John AU - Sluz, Andrew AU - Carr, Gary AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Feasibility Study on the Replacement or Upgrade of the T-6 Track Research Vehicle PY - 1998/03//Interim Report SP - 40p AB - This feasibility and cost study concluded that the FRA's aging T-6 can be replaced with a new state-of-the-art research platform costing approximately 3.5 million. The new, Track Research Instrumentation Platform (TRIP) is envisioned as a laboratory on wheels. This vehicle will provide: the means to assess the geometry and structural safety of railway track, a research platform to develop and evaluate emerging technologies, and the capability for evaluating newly implemented performance-based standards. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Instrumented vehicles KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research KW - Tracked vehicles UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20740/PB98144645.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20740/PB98144645.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970562 AU - Pilkey, W D AU - Thacker, J AU - SHAW, G AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIR BAG INTERACTION WITH AND INJURY POTENTIAL FROM COMMON STEERING CONTROL DEVICES (PHASE II) PY - 1998/03 SP - v.p. AB - This study, the second phase of a two-part effort, continued the exploration of the potential degradation in crash safety due to steering control devices (SCDs) mounted to the steering wheel rim. Testing in this phase consisted of seven static air bag deployment tests using six different air bags, four static air bag tests on an out-of-position 5th percentile female dummy, 15 pendulum impact tests, and five 49 km/h sled tests. Test subjects included a male Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy and a female Hybrid III 5th percentile dummy. A separate study using a single male cadaver of average stature is referenced. The results supported the Phase I findings that SCDs do not compromise air bag performance and are not ejected by air bag deployment. As in Phase I, the test results indicated that contact with certain SCDs could severely injure a driver in a frontal collision. An alternative, less injurious, SCD concept design was developed and tested. This design produced significantly lower peak contact pressure and less potential for chest injury. In-vehicle testing and surveys of SCD manufacturers and prescribers confirmed that the new design was sufficiently rigid for operational loads. Using both Phase I and Phase II results, recommendations were formulated for SCDs that would limit the potential of driver injury in crash conditions. KW - Air bags KW - Design KW - Dummies KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Pendulum tests KW - Recommendations KW - Sled tests KW - Steering components KW - Steering control devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808914 AU - Faciane, T AU - Radin, S AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Castle Rock Consultants TI - TRACKING STATE DEPLOYMENTS OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS. NATIONAL REPORT PY - 1998/03 SP - 51 p. AB - The Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office (ITS/JPO) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) has begun tracking progress by state governments in the deployment of Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) in all 50 states through the year 2005. The Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) goal is to have between 22 and 35 states deploy the initial (Level 1) operating systems and capabilities of CVISN by the year 2005. This report summarizes the results of the effort to track CVISN deployment in 1996. This deployment is representative of the deployment status of CVISN components before specific CVISN deployments were in place. The report summarizes data on deployment of CVISN by states in 1996. It is presented by the three primary CVISN components: Credential Administration, Safety Information Exchange and Roadside Electronic Screening. Both total deployment and Level 1 indicators are presented. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Deployment KW - Information systems KW - Networks KW - States KW - Tracking systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16682/PB2000104491.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/7303.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748143 AU - Tyrell, D C AU - Rubin, A H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAIL VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS SYMPOSIUM PY - 1998/03 SP - 606 p. AB - This document contains the proceedings of the Rail Vehicle Crashworthiness Symposium held at the Volpe Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts on June 24, 25, and 26, 1996. These proceedings have been developed from a transcript of the symposium and the material used by the presenters at the symposium. The symposium was conducted in three technical sessions: (1) Collision Risk: Strategies for evaluating the effectiveness of collision safety measures incorporated into a train system; description of the likely collision scenarios that can occur on train systems; (2) Structural Crashworthiness: The performance of the vehicle structure during a collision; its ability to preserve sufficient volume for the passengers to survive and its ability to control the decelerations experienced by the occupied volumes; and (3) Interior Crashworthiness: The performance of the interior during a collision; the ability of the interior to limit the forces and decelerations imparted to the occupant. Presenters at the symposium included representatives from foreign government agencies, including French National Railways and British Rail Research, as well as from several agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation, including the Federal Railroad Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Research and Special Programs Administration. Representatives from foreign and domestic rail equipment suppliers, as well as domestic transportation operators, also gave presentations. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Deceleration KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Forecasting KW - Hazards KW - Interior KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger trains KW - Passengers KW - Performance KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Set forward force KW - Structural design KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13100/13178/ord9708.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750188 AU - Tyrell, D AU - Severson, K AU - Marquis, B AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CRASHWORTHINESS OF PASSENGER TRAINS: SAFETY OF HIGH-SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1998/02 SP - 118 p. AB - The results of analyses conducted to determine the effectiveness of structural and interior train design strategies in protecting occupants during collisions are presented. Structural design approaches considered include the conventional design approach of requiring a uniform minimum longitudinal strength, and the crash-energy management design approach which provides for sacrificial crush zones in the unoccupied areas of the train. Interior protection strategies considered include occupant restraint and compartmentalization. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Occupant protection KW - Occupant protection devices KW - Occupant restraint KW - Passenger trains KW - Restraint systems UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2312 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20598/crash1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20598/PB98134406.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484302 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01397038 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Han, X AU - Fang, B TI - Measuring transportation in the US economy PY - 1998/01 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 93-102 KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic development KW - Economic development KW - Economics KW - Measurement KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Methodology KW - Transport demand KW - Transport economics KW - Travel demand management KW - Usa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1164817 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01103164 AU - Intelligent Transportation Society of America AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations TI - ITS as a Data Resource. Workshop Proceedings PY - 1998/01//Workshop Proceedings SP - 51p AB - This Workshop was designed to help identify how ITS can be used as a data resource for Transportation planning and operations applications, resulting in an update to the National Architecture to accommodate this concept. The objectives of the Workshop were to: Bring transportation planners and operators together with representatives of the ITS community to discuss common data needs and concerns. Identify currently available ITS data that can meet the data needs of transportation planners and operators. Identify opportunities for expanding ITS data collection to meet additional data needs of planners and operators. U1 - ITS as a Data Resource. Workshop ProceedingsIntelligent Transportation Society of AmericaFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationResearch and Innovative Technology AdministrationWashington,DC,United States StartDate:19980109 EndDate:19980110 Sponsors:Intelligent Transportation Society of America, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Research and Innovative Technology Administration KW - Data collection KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - ITS program technologies KW - Planning and design KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16392/PB2000103632.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/862899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750226 AU - Lacombe, A AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - WELFARE REFORM AND ACCESS TO JOBS IN BOSTON PY - 1998/01 SP - 17 p. AB - This study has three objectives: 1) determine recipients' overall access to transit service; 2) estimate where in the metropolitan area recipients are likely to find work and determine these potential employers' proximity to transit; and 3) ascertain how well mass transit in Boston connects welfare recipients and employers and thus meets recipients' mobility needs. KW - Accessibility KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Geographic information systems KW - Job opportunities KW - Mobility KW - Regulatory reform KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Welfare reform KW - Work trips UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/welfare_reform_and_access_to_jobs_in_boston/pdf/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748135 AU - Schmitt, R R AU - Fletcher, W AU - Sedor, J AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS BEYOND ISTEA: CRITICAL GAPS AND STRATEGIC RESPONSES PY - 1998/01 SP - 27 p. AB - The effectiveness and efficiency of transportation relies heavily on sound information. In response to the growing information gap, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) resurrected several key data-collection programs, created the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), and required BTS to identify information needs on an ongoing basis. This report summarizes key transportation information needs based on the Bureau's experience in responding to requests for statistics from decision makers, and on surveys, research, and conferences that BTS has held or co-sponsored with other organizations. The reauthorization of ISTEA provides an opportunity to reinforce the usefulness of the benchmark data programs established in 1991, expand those programs where warranted to address emerging critical issues, develop approaches for less burdensome data collection, and renew efforts to enhance the organization and sharing of information through the National Transportation Library. These elements, which are contained in the Administration's surface transportation reauthorization bill, are discussed in the Strategic Responses section of this report. KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Government funding KW - Information organization KW - Information services KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - National Transportation Library KW - Programs KW - Reauthorization KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20912/PB98157951.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7200/7280/beyond.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00763446 AU - HDR Engineering, Incorporated AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PACIFIC NORTHWEST RAIL CORRIDOR OPERATING PLAN: YEARS 2003 AND 2048. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT PY - 1998/01 SP - 18 p. AB - The purpose of the Pacific Northwest Rail Corridor (PNWRC) Operating Plan is to develop passenger train operating scenarios for the corridor between Vancouver, British Columbia and Eugene, Oregon for the years of 2003 and 2018 and to forecast ridership, revenues, and operating costs. The train operating scenarios, the demand forecasts, and the cost projections are discussed individually. KW - Amtrak KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Intercity transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Pacific Northwest KW - Pacific States KW - Passenger transportation KW - Rail transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748145 AU - NICKLES, J E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SIGNAL WAVEFORM GENERATOR PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS PY - 1998/01 SP - 40 p. AB - This report provides important information for users of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) signal waveform generator (SWG) and for those organizations that would perform testing to certify the accuracy of SWG signals. The performance specifications for the SWG are based on the results of testing of all of the ten SWGs fabricated for NHTSA. The SWG certification requirements specify the measurements, measurement equipment, measurement procedures, and the measured SWG performance required to certify that a SWG is acceptable for use in testing a crash or sled test data acquisition system. KW - Accuracy KW - Certification KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Electromagnetic wave propagation KW - Impact tests KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Signal generators KW - Signal waveform generators KW - Testing KW - Vehicle tests UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20483/PB98130941.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473817 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745307 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Chin, S AU - Hopson, J AU - Hwang, Hyeon-Jong AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - ESTIMATING STATE-LEVEL TRUCK ACTIVITIES IN AMERICA PY - 1998/01 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - p. 63-74 AB - For freight, the primary function of the nation's highway system is to link the economies of individual states together to form an integrated national economy. Data from the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey, the first comprehensive national survey of freight shipments since 1977, indicate that the shipment of freight by truck in the United States is predominantly an interstate phenomenon. In fact, interstate shipments comprise more than 70% of the total ton-miles and nearly 55% of the value of the commodities shipped by truck in 1993. In addition, the proportions of truck freight shipments originating from, destined to, passing through, or occurring entirely within a state very significantly from state to state. While interstate shipments make up the largest portion of shipments nationally, intrastate trucking is more significant in large states such as Texas and California, as well as in corner states such as Florida, Maine, and Washington. The proportion of through traffic also varies from state to state. These findings could have important implications for highway revenue allocations, since trucks carrying freight play a significant role in damage to highway pavement and structures KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Economics KW - Freight transportation KW - Interstate transportation KW - Regional transportation KW - Through traffic KW - Trucking UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6100/6138/chin.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475562 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745309 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Han, X AU - Fang, B AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - MEASURING TRANSPORTATION IN THE U.S. ECONOMY PY - 1998/01 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - p. 93-102 AB - This paper argues that the System of National Accounts (SNA) is the most appropriate framework for comparable economic measures of national transportation, and shows that within the SNA transportation can be represented as an industry, as a component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measured from the demand side and as a component of Gross Domestic Demand (GDD). Two measures of transportation comparable to GDP and one comparable to GDD are presented. Transportation-related final demand is the measure of transportation as a component of GDP, which includes the value of all goods and services delivered to final users for transportation purposes regardless of which industry produced them. In contrast, transportation industry GDP is the measure of transportation as an industry, which comprises value-added created in the provision of transportation services by the industry. Transportation domestic demand measures the U.S. domestic final demand for transportation regardless of who supplies the demand, domestic production or imports. It differs from transportation-related final demand in that it excludes the balance of trade in transportation goods and services. KW - Cost control KW - Demand KW - Economic impacts KW - Gross domestic demand KW - Gross domestic product KW - Gross national product KW - Transportation KW - Value engineering UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n1/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475564 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745304 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Nijkamp, P AU - PEPPING, G AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - META-ANALYSIS FOR EXPLAINING THE VARIANCE IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEMAND ELASTICITIES IN EUROPE PY - 1998/01 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - p. 1-14 AB - Results from past studies on transportation demand elasticities show a large variance. This paper assesses key factors that influence the sensitivity of public transit users to transportation costs in Europe, by carrying out a comparative analysis of the different elasticity values of demand for transportation that are being used in some different member states. The empirical base is elasticity studies in Norway, Finland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The paper identifies a set of potential factors causing variances between results of different studies. An in depth rough set analysis of causes of variances between elasticity values across the four countries is presented. The analysis supports the literature, which indicates that the difference between aggregated, empirical-based research methods and the use of disaggregated choice models, as well as model assumptions, explain the variance in elasticity values accross studies. It also appears that the country involved, the number of competitive modes, and type of data are important factors for the size of elasticities. KW - Aggregate analysis KW - Aggregates KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Empirical equations KW - Equations KW - Modulus of elasticity UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7100/7104/nijkamp.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475559 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745305 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Murphy, J J AU - Delucchi, M A AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE SOCIAL COST OF MOTOR VEHICLE USE IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1998/01 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - p. 15-42 AB - Over the past five years, analysts and policymakers have become increasingly interested in the the "full social cost" of motor vehicle use. Not surprisingly, there is little agreement about how to estimate the social cost or why, with the result that estimates and interpretations can diverge tremendously. In this situation, policymakers and others who wish to apply estimates of the social cost of motor vehicle use might find it useful to have most of the major estimates summarized and evaluated in one place. Toward this end, the paper reviews the purpose, scope, and conclusions of most of the recent major U.S. studies, and summarizes the cost estimates by individual category. The paper also assesses the level of detail of each major cost estimate in the studies. KW - Automobile travel KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Externalities KW - Guides to the literature KW - Literature reviews KW - Vehicle usage UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7100/7116/murphy.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475560 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745308 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Janson, B N AU - Awad, W AU - Robles, J AU - Kononov, J AU - Pinkerton, B AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRUCK ACCIDENTS AT FREEWAY RAMPS: DATA ANALYSIS AND HIGH-RISK SITE IDENTIFICATION PY - 1998/01 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - p. 75-92 AB - To examine the relationship of ramp design to truck accident rates, this paper present an analysis of truck accidents in Washington State, plus a comparison to limited data from Colorado and California. The freeway truck accidents are grouped by ramp type, accident type, and by four conflict areas of each merge or diverge ramp. These groups are then compared on the basis of truck accidents per location and per truck-mile of travel. The truck accident frequencies and rates were found not significantly different by ramp type alone, but were significantly different by conflict area and accident type, both between and within ramp types. It was also found that high volume ramps had lower rates of truck accidents per truck-mile of travel. Thus, a ramp's safety risk is related to accident type and conflict area, but not directly to truck volumes, which affects assessments of high-risk locations. Specifically, a ramp with few accidents but a high proportion of rollovers in the merge area may have a deficiency, or a ramp with a low accident rate per truck trip due to high truck volumes may still be a high-risk site. The paper describes a straitforward use of the accident data analyzed in this manner to identify accident-prone sites for further investigation. KW - Crash locations KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Crash types KW - Data analysis KW - High risk locations KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Ramps KW - Truck crashes UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/819/00385.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20900/20999/PB98163744.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9100/9141/janson.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475563 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745306 JO - Journal of Transportation and Statistics PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Hensher, D A AU - King, J AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - ESTABLISHING FARE ELASTICITY REGIMES FOR URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT: TIME-BASED FARES FOR CONCESSION AND NON-CONCESSION MARKETS SEGMENTED BY TRIP LENGTH PY - 1998/01 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - p. 43-61 AB - A missing element in public transportation patronage prediction is often a matrix of direct and cross fare elasticities for specific fare classes. This paper employs a combined stated preference and revealed preference data set to obtain this type of matrix, reflecting the market environment for concession and non-concession travelers using public transportation for short and long trips. A heteroskedastic extreme value choice model relaxes the constant variance assumption of the multinomal logit model so that empirically realistic cross elasticities can be obtained. The elasticities obtained from the study indicate the level of switching between ticket types and between the car and bus modes for any given change in fare levels or types. KW - Analysis of variance KW - Concessions KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - Logits KW - Market assessment KW - Ridership KW - Trip length KW - Urban transit UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/jts/v1n1/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9100/9142/hensher.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745286 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Labell, L N AU - LoVecchio, J A AU - Ow, R S AU - Royal, J W AU - Schwenk, J C AU - Moniz, L AU - Carpenter, E S AU - Schweiger, Carol L AU - MARKS, B AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: THE STATE OF THE ART. UPDATE '98 PY - 1998/01 SP - 206 p. AB - This report documents work performed under FTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, computer, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report is the latest in a series of State-of-the-Art reports, the last of which was published in January 1996. It contains the results of an investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. It focused on some of the most innovative or comprehensive implementations, categorized under four types of service/technologies: fleet management, traveler information, electronic fare payment, and transportation demand management. The objective of this effort was to increase the industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoption. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Communication systems KW - Fleet management KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Magnetic farecards KW - Navigation systems KW - Passenger information systems KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/8000/8700/8710/aptssoa98.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01596828 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - National Transportation Atlas Databases 1998 PY - 1998 AB - The National Transportation Atlas Databases 1998 (NTAD1998) is a set of nationwide geographic databases of transportation facilities, transportation networks, and associated infrastructure. These datasets include spatial information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, as well as the related attribute information for these features. Metadata documentation, as prescribed by the International Organization of Standards, is also provided for each database. The data support research, analysis, and decision-making across all modes of transportation. They are most useful at the national level, but have major applications at regional, state, and local scales throughout the transportation community. This product is distributed in shapefile format. KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Metadata KW - Spatial analysis KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation, hydraulic and utility facilities KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56684/NTAD_1998.zip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1400821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207841 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Innovative Railroad Information Displays. Executive Summary PY - 1998 SP - 10p AB - From March 1996 through October 1998, the Volpe Center explored novel concepts of information displays for dispatchers along lines developed previously for aviation under sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration. The work was supported by the M.I.T. Media Laboratory, AMTRAK, and interested professionals in the railroad industry. It commenced with reviews and evaluations of existing and proposed railroad display systems and continued with the adaptation and development of pertinent elements of digital technology, information management systems and geographic information databases to generate advanced animated simulations and displays. The objectives of this study were to explore the potential of advanced digital technology, novel concepts of information management, geographic information databases and display capabilities in order to enhance planning and decision-making processes of railroad dispatchers and traffic managers. The M.I.T Media Laboratory undertook to develop and demonstrate computer simulations of train movements on specific tracks. The Volpe Center's Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Research Group undertook to develop and demonstrate a simulation of train movements on major routes throughout the United States, termed "Digital AMTRAK Train Model" (DATM), with capability to "zoom" on specific localities. The results of these efforts were to be demonstrated in a video for presentation to railroad executives. Computer source codes and user instructions were to be documented. KW - Computer animation KW - Digital displays KW - Dispatching KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information display systems KW - Information management KW - Information technology KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Simulation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33661/33661.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207840 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Innovative Railroad Information Displays. Video Guide PY - 1998 AB - From March 1996 through October 1998, the Volpe Center explored novel concepts of information displays for dispatchers along lines developed previously for aviation under sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration. The work was supported by the M.I.T. Media Laboratory, AMTRAK, and interested professionals in the railroad industry. It commenced with reviews and evaluations of existing and proposed railroad display systems and continued with the adaptation and development of pertinent elements of digital technology, information management systems and geographic information The objectives of this study were to explore the potential of advanced digital technology, novel concepts of information management, geographic information databases and display capabilities in order to enhance planning and decision-making processes of railroad dispatchers and traffic managers. The M.I.T Media Laboratory undertook to develop and demonstrate computer simulations of train movements on specific tracks. The Volpe Center's Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Research Group undertook to develop and demonstrate a simulation of train movements on major routes throughout the United States, termed "Digital AMTRAK Train Model" (DATM), with capability to "zoom" on specific localities. The results of these efforts were to be demonstrated in a video for presentation to railroad executives. Computer source codes and user instructions were to be documented. KW - Computer animation KW - Digital displays KW - Dispatching KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information display systems KW - Information management KW - Information technology KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation KW - Simulation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33662/33662.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938650 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - 1998 NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION ATLAS DATA, NORTAD : A COLLECTION OF GEOSPATIAL DATA FOR USE IN GIS-BASED APPLICATIONS PY - 1998 SP - 1 computer laser optical disc AB - This CD ROM contains a set of geographic data sets for transportation facilities in Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. The data sets include geospatial information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, and related attribute information. Descriptions of the file formats and metadata are also included. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Transportation buildings KW - Transportation facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938649 AU - Klancher, Wendy AU - O'Neill, Wende AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - THE USE OF ITS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING : FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS PY - 1998 SP - 22, [7] p. AB - The purpose of this paper is to set the stage for a future research agenda investigating the use of ITS data for transportation planning. ITS programs are commonly deployed in large urban areas, and have the potential of recording traffic data that has become more expensive and difficult for local, regional, and state agencies to collect. Detailed information is provided in the paper on national and local planning guidelines. Examples of existing deployments of ITS technologies in Detroit, Atlanta, Seattle, Northern Virginia, and Montgomery County Maryland are used to show data collection capability. This exploratory study highlights the opportunities for an in-depth case study analysis of the use of ITS data for planning applications. The information presented contributes to the foundation of such a case study analysis and provides a rich background on the state-of-the practice for traffic counting programs. Two recommendations are made as a result of this report. One, further research is needed to explore how to use ITS data to supplement transportation planning activities at the local regional, state and national levels. The paper outlines areas for future research. Two, a coordinated dissemination program is needed in order to ensure that research efforts are not duplicated, provide adequate topic coverage, and are made accessible to planners at all levels KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Planning KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00753959 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS ANNUAL REPORT 1998: LONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL AND FREIGHT SN - 0160497159 PY - 1998 SP - 242 p. AB - This fifth "Transportation Statistics Annual Report" assesses the nation's transportation system and the state of transportation statistics. The report is mandated by Congress [49 U.S.C. 111(j)] and is presented in two parts. Part I, The State of the Transportation System, in the first four chapters examines the state of the transportation system, its economic impacts, and unintended consequences for safety, energy, and the environment, and in the fifth chapter summarizes the quality of information underlying this assessment. Part II, Long-Distance Travel and Freight Movement, in the sixth and seventh chapters highlights the importance of the national transportation network through a discussion of the statistics on long-distance travel and nonlocal freight shipments. KW - Air transportation KW - Annual reports KW - Commodity flow KW - Data files KW - Data quality KW - Economic impacts KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Intercity travel KW - Long distance travel KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regional transportation KW - Reliability KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation safety KW - Transportation statistics KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/1998/pdf/chap1_7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/536723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00753599 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION ATLAS DATA (NORTAD) PY - 1998 SP - n.p. AB - The North American Transportation Atlas Data (NORTAD) CD-ROM is the department's first atlas to provide information about transportation facilities in all three countries of North America - Canada, Mexico, and United States. Each country provided geospatial data for this product. Transportation facilities for each country represented on the NORTAD include public use of highway networks, rail networks, airports, and water ports. Also included for each country is state or province boundary geospatial information. Trilingual documentation in English, Spanish, and French is included to describe each data set. Data set formats are in both MS-DOS and UNIX ASCII. The CD-Rom also contains a WindowsNT data viewer and converter. KW - Air transportation KW - Atlases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/gis/ntatlas/noatlas.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929012 AU - Radin, Sari AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - EARLY INSTITUTIONAL LESSONS FROM THE CVISN MODEL DEPLOYMENTS CHECKLISTS FOR SUCCESS PY - 1998 SP - 35 p. AB - This report is intended to educate states in developing Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN), using lessons learned by two prototype states where CVISN systems were developed. The reports presents a checklist for institutional changes that can be used in CVISN, looking at reasons why certain actions were taken and the effort required. The following eight areas of institutional changes in states were examined: 1) state policies and procedures; 2) state laws and regulations; 3) organizational structure, 4) interagency cooperation and coordination, 5) interactions with other states and levels of government; 6) interactions with the motor carrier industry, 7) staffing and training, and 8) management and staff buy-in. Special attention is given to the different institutional lessons that were learned as CVISN makes progress in the pilot states. KW - CVISN (Program) KW - Deployment KW - Trucking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16000/16013/PB2000102077.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750306 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - IMPLICATIONS OF CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT FOR THE USES OF CENSUS DATA IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1998 SP - 16 p. AB - State and metropolitan transportation planning organizations rely on the data from the decennial census for a broad array of applications. Data from the long-term census questionnaire which includes questions covering place of work, mode of transportation to work, carpooling, travel time and time of departure to work, vehicles available, and mobility limitations are used for planning and modeling travel behavior. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) all increase the transportation planning requirements and related data requirements of states and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). KW - Census KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Regional planning KW - State planning KW - States KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20600/PB98134455.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883870 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SAFETY. PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Motor vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759828 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - AIRPORT ACTIVITY STATISTICS OF CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIERS, SUMMARY TABLES: TWELVE MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1997 PY - 1998 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents summary data for all scheduled and nonscheduled service by large certificated U.S. air carriers - including the volume of passenger, freight, and mail enplanements, and aircraft departures for each airport served during the 12 months ending December 31, 1997. The data in this publication are presented in five tables. Tables 1 and 2 contain summary data by type of service for carrier groups and individual carriers, and summary figures by area and state. Tables 3, 4, and 5 show activity in air carrier system operations at large, medium, and small air traffic hubs. Only U.S. system operations are shown. Air traffic hubs are designated as geographic areas based on the percentage of total passengers enplaned in that area. A hub may have more than one airport in it. Individual communities fall into four hub classifications as determined by each community's percentage of the total enplaned revenue passengers in all services and all operations of U.S. certificated route carriers within the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. areas. Classifications for 1997 are based on 574,611,941 total enplaned revenue passengers. KW - Air traffic KW - Airlines KW - Airport operations KW - Airport traffic KW - Airports KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Certification KW - Freight transportation KW - Hubs KW - Passengers KW - Postal service KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21500/21580/PB99126914.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497788 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00749137 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - RESTORATION OF NATURAL QUIET: THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S INITIATIVES IN THE NATIONAL PARKS PY - 1998 SP - p. 9-14 AB - Every summer, millions of Americans travel to our national parks to experience nature and spectacular land forms. In increasing numbers, park visitors are complaining of the intrusion of aircraft and aircraft noise primarily from local operators of tour helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. The Federal Aviation Administration and the National Park Service are working jointly to develop a National Rule to mitigate the impact of overflight noise in the national parks. Presented are the pros and cons from all sides of the debate. KW - Aircraft noise KW - Economics KW - National parks KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Parks KW - Tourists UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring98/parks.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485930 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00749139 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIRCRAFT SAFETY ON THE RUNWAY PY - 1998 SP - p. 22-28 AB - As airports become more congested, both the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are emphasizing improving safety operations while planes are moving on the ground, from touchdown to being airborne again. During these times, pilots' visibility from the cockpit of large aircraft is limited and air traffic controllers' view of the airport is often restricted by buildings or bad weather. In support of the FAA's Runway Incursion Reduction Program, several systems are being evaluated which are designed to prevent on-ground collisions at both the largest airports and those that are less congested. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft KW - Airport runways KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Prevention KW - Runway incursions KW - Safety UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring98/runway.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485932 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00749140 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM'S ROLE IN MOVING WELFARE RECIPIENTS TO JOBS PY - 1998 SP - p. 37-46 AB - Political speeches about "moving" the unemployed from welfare rolls to payrolls is about more than social transitions. "Moving" has a literal meaning as well. Welfare recipients must be able to travel from where they live to locations where jobs are available. Recent studies have detailed the socioeconomic factors of welfare: who collects welfare and where are the jobs? This article describes two projects intended to determine how well transit systems meet the mobility needs of these individuals and the role transit can play in providing access to jobs. KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Job opportunities KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Socioeconomics KW - Welfare recipients UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring98/jobs.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485933 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00749136 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NOTIFYING AIRPLANE PILOTS OF NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEM OUTAGES PY - 1998 SP - p. 3-8 AB - The Global Positioning System (GPS) might be one of the most amazing military developments ever made available for widespread civilian use. A simple receiver allows airplane pilots, recreational sailors, drivers of rental cars and even bikers in the wilderness to determine their location on the surface of the earth with a precision that not many years ago was known only to skilled land surveyors. The system currently has limitations, however, particularly when used in aviation. A project at the Volpe center is to complete work for the GPS Aviation Outage Reporting System which will ensure that pilots can determine in advance when GPS will not be available so they can be prepared to use alternative navigation procedures. KW - Global Positioning System KW - Navigation KW - Navigation computers KW - Navigation procedures KW - Navigation processes KW - Navigation systems KW - Navigational satellites KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Satellite communication KW - Satellite navigation systems UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring98/outages.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485929 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00749138 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - RAIL EQUIPMENT CRASHWORTHINESS RESEARCH PY - 1998 SP - p. 15-21 AB - On a passenger per mile basis, railroads are a safe way to travel. But proposed high-speed trains will change the operating conditions for riders on the rails and Congress has appropriated funds for research into ways of making both high-speed and conventional trains even safer. Research has focused on three objectives: 1. determining the collision conditions that are of greatest concern; 2. evaluating the effectiveness of current equipment in preserving the occupant volume and in limiting the forces and decelerations the occupants experience and 3. developing modifications to existing equipment and new design approaches for improved crashworthiness. The knowledge and information gained from this research will help to insure that future high-speed passenger transportation will be as safe and reliable as possible. KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed rail KW - High speed tests KW - Impact tests KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroads KW - Safety KW - Testing KW - Transportation safety UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring98/rail.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207234 AU - Coplen, Michael K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Corporate Culture, Compliance and Railroad Operating Rules: Results of A Focus Group and Instructed Interviews PY - 1997/12//Final Report SP - 36p AB - A focus group was held at the 1996 Bi-annualOperating Rules Association meeting of North American railroads to discuss the general issue of compliance and operating rules. Twelve operating rules officers participated, representing Class I, II, and III railroads. Individual structured interviews were also conducted both prior to and following the focus group session to discuss general issues surrounding operating rules, and to provide follow-up information to major findings from the focus group session. Focus group participants generally reported that senior management tends to emphasize productivity over safety, suggesting some railroads may have created an organizational culture that unintentionally encourages operating rules violations. Follow-up interviews with a number of industry representatives supported this view. Some interviewees suggested railroad mergers often result in discordant management philosophies within the same organization, directly influencing corporate culture and how operating rules officers enforce rules compliance. Findings for each of the five focus group questions are categorized by type of response. Specific recommendations for structural change and follow-on work are also discussed. KW - Compliance KW - Corporations KW - Culture (Social sciences) KW - Education and training KW - Information management KW - Operating rules KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33649/33649.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00769290 AU - CARROLL, J V AU - Goeddel, D L AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - EXPLORATION OF GPS TO ENHANCE THE SAFE TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PY - 1997/12 SP - 108 p. AB - This report (1) documents a set of requirements for the performance of location systems that utilize the Global Positioning System (GPS), (2) identifies potential uses of GPS in hazardous materials transport, (3) develops service descriptions for the identified uses, and (4) conducts a detailed benefit/cost analysis of three case applications based on the service descriptions. The potential uses for GPS and related technologies in hazardous materials transport that were identified were (1) monitoring and tracking hazardous materials shipments, (2) projecting routes for hazardous materials transports, and (3) aiding in the emergency response to hazardous material transport incidents. While it was found that there are gains to be made by reducing the impacts of hazardous materials incidents, it was noted that the gains to be made through improved fleet management and operations are the driving force behind the adoption and application of GPS and related technologies by industry. Compared to the gains from improved fleet management and operations, hazmat-related gains are expected to be relatively minor. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Emergencies KW - Fleet management KW - Global Positioning System KW - Hazardous materials KW - Location KW - Routes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20207/PB98116007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00769281 AU - Zebe, P K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - TRUCK TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS: ISOPROPYLAMINE PY - 1997/12 SP - 24 p. AB - The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the U.S. in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. Highway, water, and rail account for nearly all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. The principal purpose of this report is to present estimates of truck shipments of isopropylamine, one of 147 large-volume chemicals that account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. All of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in an environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flow from producers to consumers, is thus subject to change. KW - Chemical industry KW - Chemical substances KW - Diesel fuels KW - Gasoline KW - Hazardous materials KW - Isopropylamine KW - Trucking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20350/PB98123599.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00769282 AU - Zebe, P K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - TRUCK TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS: ISOPROPANOL PY - 1997/12 SP - 36 p. AB - The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the U.S. in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. Highway, water, and rail account for nearly all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. The principal purpose of this report is to present estimates of truck shipments of isopropanol, one of 147 large-volume chemicals that account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. All of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in an environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flow from producers to consumers, is thus subject to change. KW - Chemical plants KW - Chemical tankers KW - Diesel fuels KW - Gasoline KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Isopropanol KW - Trucking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20342/PB98123078.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00751175 AU - Ault, J AU - Center, B AU - David, R AU - Michener, S AU - Wilson, G AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING RESULTS 1996 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1997/12 SP - 100 p. AB - This report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit drug and alcohol testing reported by transit systems in the United States during 1996. The report covers testing results for the following drug types: marijuana (THS), cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), opiates, and amphetamines. The test types covered are: pre-employment, random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion, return-to-duty, and follow-up. The report also covers testing results for alcohol for the following test types: random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion, return-to-duty, and follow-up. KW - Alcohol chemical tests KW - Drug tests KW - Personnel management KW - Public transit KW - Test procedures KW - Test results UR - http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/publications/Substance/DAMIS96/damis96.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20777/PB98148786.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122458 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Milwaukee (Wisconsin) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose KW - Waukesha (Wisconsin) UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/wisconsin/milwaukee_waukesha/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/wisconsin/milwaukee_waukesha/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122444 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Riverside (California) KW - San Bernardino (California) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/riverside_san_bernardino/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/riverside_san_bernardino/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122430 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Orlando, FL MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Orlando (Florida) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/florida/orlando/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/florida/orlando/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122421 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Niagara Falls (New York) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/buffalo_niagara_falls/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/buffalo_niagara_falls/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122388 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Oklahoma City, OK MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Oklahoma City (Oklahoma) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/oklahoma/oklahoma_city/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/oklahoma/oklahoma_city/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122383 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Rochester, NY MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Rochester (New York) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/rochester/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/rochester/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122381 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Ogden (Utah) KW - Origin and destination KW - Salt Lake City (Utah) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/utah/salt_lake_city_ogden/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/utah/salt_lake_city_ogden/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122352 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Charlotte-Gastonia, NC MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Charlotte (North Carolina) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Gastonia (North Carolina) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/north_carolina/charlotte_gastonia/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/north_carolina/charlotte_gastonia/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122333 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Nashville, TN MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Nashville (Tennessee) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/tennessee/nashville/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/tennessee/nashville/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122318 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Monmouth-Ocean, NJ PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Monmouth (New Jersey) KW - Ocean City (New Jersey) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/monmouth_ocean/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/monmouth_ocean/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122257 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Bergen County (New Jersey) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Passaic (New Jersey) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/bergen_passaic/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/bergen_passaic/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122247 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Clearwater (Florida) KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Saint Petersburg (Florida) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tampa (Florida) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/florida/tampa_st_petersburg_clearwater/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/florida/tampa_st_petersburg_clearwater/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122234 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Greensboro (North Carolina) KW - High Point (North Carolina) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose KW - Winston-Salem (North Carolina) UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/north_carolina/greensboro_winston_salem_high_point/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/north_carolina/greensboro_winston_salem_high_point/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122219 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Hartford, CT MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Hartford (Connecticut) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/connecticut/hartford/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/connecticut/hartford/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122211 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Newport News (Virginia) KW - Norfolk (Virginia) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose KW - Virginia Beach (Virginia) UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/virginia/norfolk_virginia_beach_newport_news/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/virginia/norfolk_virginia_beach_newport_news/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122095 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/11 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Hunterdon County (New Jersey) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Middlesex County (New Jersey) KW - Origin and destination KW - Somerset County (New Jersey) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/middlesex_somerset_hunterdon/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/middlesex_somerset_hunterdon/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746533 AU - Raj, P K AU - Technology and Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - USE OF HYDROGEN TO POWER THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY TRANSIT BUS (ATTB): AN ASSESSMENT PY - 1997/11 SP - 56 p. AB - The Advanced Technology Transit Bus (ATTB), developed under primary funding from the U.S> DOT/FTA, currently uses a power plant based on a natural gas burning IC engine-generator set. FTA is interested in demonstrating thee use of a hydrogen fuel cell-based power plant on the ATTB. This report analyzes several issues related to the proposed demonstration project including hydrogen safety, hydrogen storage options, and total hydrogen requirements. A preliminary comparative assessment of the hazards and risks posed by useful energy equivalent quantities of hydrogen, methane, and gasoline, has been performed. This study indicates that hydrogen and methane have almost equal risks whereas gasoline has substantially higher risk. The reasons for such a conclusion are indicated. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fuel cells KW - Handling and storage KW - Hazard evaluation KW - Hydrogen fuels KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Storage facilities KW - Technological innovations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/825/Cleanair.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20444/PB98128325.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087767 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics District of Columbia. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the District of Columbia. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20613/PB98135312.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087759 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics West Virginia. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of West Virginia. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation KW - West Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20437/PB98128234.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087758 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Wyoming. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Wyoming. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation KW - Wyoming UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20435/PB98128218.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087748 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Washington. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 30p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Washington. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Washington (State) KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20440/PB98128267.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087735 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Wisconsin. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Wisconsin. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20436/PB98128226.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087730 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Hawaii. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Hawaii. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Hawaii KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20610/PB98135288.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/843521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087725 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Oregon. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10/01 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Oregon. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Oregon KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20534/PB98132863.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122443 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Fort Worth-Arlington, TX PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Arlington (Texas) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Fort Worth (Texas) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/texas/fort_worth_arlington/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/texas/fort_worth_arlington/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122439 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Washington-DC-MD-VA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Maryland KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/district_of_columbia/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/district_of_columbia/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122429 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Columbus, OH MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Columbus (Ohio) KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/ohio/columbus/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/ohio/columbus/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122427 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Philadelphia, PA-NJ PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/pennsylvania/philadephia/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/pennsylvania/philadephia/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122413 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: San Diego, CA MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - San Diego (California) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/san_diego/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/san_diego/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122407 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: St. Louis, MO-IL MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/missouri/st_louis/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/missouri/st_louis/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122402 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Bellevue (Washington) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Everett (Washington) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/washington/seattle_bellevue_everett/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/washington/seattle_bellevue_everett/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122387 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: San Jose, CA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - San Jose (California) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/san_jose/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/san_jose/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122386 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Pittsburgh, PA MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122349 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: New York, NY PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - New York (New York) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/new_york/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/new_york/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122342 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Chicago, IL PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/illinois/chicago/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/illinois/chicago/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122325 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Orange County, CA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Orange County (California) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/orange_county/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/orange_county/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122321 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Phoenix-Mesa, AZ MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Mesa (Arizona) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Phoenix (Arizona) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/arizona/phoenix-mesa/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/arizona/phoenix-mesa/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122309 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose KW - Vancouver (Washington) UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/oregon/portland_vancouver/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/oregon/portland_vancouver/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122296 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Denver, CO PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/colorado/denver/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/colorado/denver/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122289 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Origin and destination KW - Saint Paul (Minnesota) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/minnesota/minneapolis_st_paul/ UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/minnesota/minneapolis_st_paul/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122278 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Dallas, TX PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/texas/dallas/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/texas/dallas/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122262 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: San Antonio, TX MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/texas/san_antonio/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122259 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Cincinnati, OH-KY PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Cincinnati (Ohio) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/ohio/cincinnati_oh_ky/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/ohio/cincinnati_oh_ky/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122253 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Nassau County (New York) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Suffolk County (New York) KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/nassau_suffolk/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_york/nassau_suffolk/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122252 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Atlanta, GA MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/georgia/atlanta/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/georgia/atlanta/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122251 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10//BTS-ATS95-ESTC-168 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Cleveland (Ohio) KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Elyria (Ohio) KW - Lorain (Onio) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/ohio/cleveland_lorain_elyria/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/ohio/cleveland_lorain_elyria/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122250 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: San Francisco, CA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions,sand metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/san_francisco/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/san_francisco/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122218 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Newark, NJ PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Newark (New Jersey) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/newark/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/new_jersey/newark/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/884001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122162 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Miami, FL PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/florida/miami/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/florida/miami/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122097 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Houston, TX MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/texas/houston/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/texas/houston/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122087 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Kansas City, MO-KS MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Kansas City (Kansas) KW - Kansas City (Missouri) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/missouri/kansas_city_mo_ks/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/missouri/kansas_city_mo_ks/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122061 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Long Beach (California) KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/los_angeles_long_beach/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/california/los_angeles_long_beach/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122031 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Indianapolis, IN MSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/10 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Indianapolis (Indiana) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/indiana/indianapolis/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/indiana/indianapolis/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00754406 AU - Zimowski, M AU - Tourangeau, R AU - Ghadiali, R AU - Pedlow, S AU - NORC AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - NONRESPONSE IN HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS PY - 1997/10 SP - v.p. AB - Response rates for household travel surveys conducted within the United States have declined substantially over the past few decades. In recent years, household travel surveys conducted by a combination of telephone and mail have typically obtained rates in the range of 25 to 40%; some surveys have reported response rates as low as 5%. In response to the concern over the low response rates, nonresponse was one of the major topics addressed at the TRB conference on household travel surveys. This report is one example and the first in a series of initiatives focusing on nonresponse. The purpose of this report and other projects is to improve the quality of survey data gathered by MPOs and state DOTs, and to promote efficient utilization of data collection resources. To accomplish these goals, this report used a three-pronged approach: measuring and reporting nonresponse; reducing nonresponse; and, statistical methods for reducing the impact of nonresponse. KW - Households KW - Information retrieval KW - Responses KW - Travel Model Improvement Program KW - Travel surveys UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/nonrespond.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20868/PB98155641.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00754405 AU - Zimowski, M AU - Tourabgeau, R AU - Ghadialy, R AU - NORC AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - INTRODUCTION TO PANEL SURVEYS IN TRANSPORTATION STUDIES PY - 1997/10 SP - v.p. AB - This report is a general introduction to the use of panel designs in surveys of travel behavior. It has four main objectives: to highlight the differences between cross-sectional and panel approaches to the study of travel behavior; to discuss the limitations of cross-sectional and panel data; to identify situations where panel data are preferable; and to provide guidelines for designing and maintaining a panel survey. The report contains a number of recommendations concerning the conduct and use of panel designs in travel surveys. KW - Forecasting KW - Information dissemination KW - Survey methods KW - Surveys KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel by mode KW - Travel demand KW - Travel modes KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/intropanel.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20800/20867/PB98155633.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745367 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - 1995 AMERICAN TRAVEL SURVEY PY - 1997/10 SP - 15 p. AB - American households took nearly 685 million long-distance trips in 1995. Approximately 80,000 randomly selected households nationwide were interviewed for this survey. The survey collected information about all trips of 100 miles (160 km) or more, one way, taken by household members in 1995. This profile summarizes the survey results for the nation as a whole and measures interstate and intermetropolitan passenger travel nationwide by trip and traveler characteristics for all modes and for intermodal combinations. The ATS data provides answers to how, why, where, when and who travels in America. Subsequent reports, tabulations, and electronic files will provide information on travel for census regions and divisions, states, and metropolitan areas, as well as more detailed information for the United States. KW - Business trips KW - Mode choice KW - Tourism KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vacations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6900/6906/estcus.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00747539 AU - Enfiedjian, B AU - Figura, R AU - Lee, D B AU - Luglio, T J AU - Schneck, D C AU - Stross, R A AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - LESSONS LEARNED - TURNKEY APPLICATIONS IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1997/10 SP - 276 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), Section 3019 included the provisions for the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Turnkey Demonstration Program. The FTA is responsible through Section 3019 to develop turnkey guidelines based on the comparative cost and schedule differences between conventional and turnkey projects. To assist FTA in meeting this legislative requirement numerous outreach activities were initiated, highlighted by the International Transit Turnkey and Joint Development Workshop in San Juan, Puerto Rico on October 15-19, 1996. Co-hosted by FTA, the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, this 5-day conference featured experts from around the world and explored the use of turnkey in transit projects development and implementation. Under the direction of the FTA, 6 resource papers were produced addressing the core subjects of Financing: Project Management Control; Identification and Management of Risk; Value Engineering and Quality Assurance/Quality Control; Procurement and Environmental Considerations. This report presents the full text of these papers and reflects the cutting edge of turnkey experience in public transit today. It is to serve as a benchmark against which to identify issues for further consideration in the Turnkey Demonstration Program and Congressional direction for issuance of guidance. KW - Design KW - Environmental control KW - Finance KW - Procurement KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Risk management KW - Turnkey systems KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087778 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Ohio. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Ohio. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Ohio KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20532/PB98132848.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087773 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics New Jersey. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of New Jersey. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - New Jersey KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20622/PB98135403.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087772 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics New Mexico. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of New Mexico. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - New Mexico KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20404/PB98125966.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846227 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087771 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics South Dakota. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of South Dakota. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - South Dakota KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20405/PB98125974.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087764 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Mississippi. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Mississippi. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mississippi KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20540/PB98132921.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087762 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Virginia. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Virginia. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Virginia KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20438/PB98128242.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087760 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Tennessee. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Tennessee. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Tennessee KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20406/PB98125982.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087753 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Texas. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Texas. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Texas KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20442/PB98128283.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087751 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Vermont. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Vermont. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vermont KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20439/PB98128259.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087749 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics New Hampshire. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 18p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of New Hampshire. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - New Hampshire KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20535/PB98132871.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087746 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics North Dakota. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of North Dakota. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - North Dakota KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20531/PB98132830.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087743 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Missouri. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Missouri. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Missouri KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20536/PB98132889.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087742 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Nevada. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Nevada. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Nevada KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20537/PB98132897.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087741 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Minnesota. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Minnesota. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Minnesota KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20541/PB98132939.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087740 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics South Carolina. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of South Carolina. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - South Carolina KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20407/PB98125990.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087738 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Utah. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Utah. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Utah KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20441/PB98128275.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/847248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087736 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Rhode Island. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Rhode Island. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Rhode Island KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20408/PB98126006.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087734 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Montana. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Montana. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Montana KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20539/PB98132913.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087732 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Nebraska. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Nebraska. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Nebraska KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20538/PB98132905.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087731 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics New York. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of New York. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - New York (State) KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20403/PB98125958.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087728 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics North Carolina. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of North Carolina. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - North Carolina KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20402/PB98125941.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087727 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Pennsylvania. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Pennsylvania. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Pennsylvania KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20443/PB98128291.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087726 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Oklahoma. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/30 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Oklahoma. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Oklahoma KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20533/PB98132855.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/846234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087780 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Arkansas. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Arkansas. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Arkansas KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20618/PB98135361.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087779 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Maryland. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Maryland. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Maryland KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20544/PB98132954.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087777 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Illinois. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Illinois. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Illinois KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20608/PB98135262.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/843599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087776 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Florida. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Florida. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Florida KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20612/PB98135304.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087775 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Maine. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Maine. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Maine KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20546/PB98132970.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087774 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Idaho. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Idaho. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Idaho KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20609/PB98135270.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/843583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087768 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Arizona. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Arizona. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Arizona KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20619/PB98135379.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087766 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Georgia. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Georgia. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Georgia KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20611/PB98135296.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087765 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Massachusetts. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Massachusetts. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Massachusetts KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20545/PB98132962.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087763 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics California. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of California. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - California KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20617/PB98135353.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/843385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087761 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Indiana. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Indiana. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Indiana KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20606/PB98135247.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/843858 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087756 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Connecticut. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Connecticut. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Connecticut KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20615/PB98135338.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087754 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Iowa. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Iowa. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Iowa KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20607/PB98135254.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/843862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087752 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Colorado. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Colorado. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Colorado KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20616/PB98135346.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/843492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087750 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Kentucky. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Kentucky. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Kentucky KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20548/PB98132996.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087745 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Michigan. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Michigan. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Michigan KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20542/PB98132947.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087744 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Alabama. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Alabama. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - Alabama KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20621/PB98135395.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087739 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Kansas. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Kansas. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Kansas KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20549/PB98133002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087737 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Louisiana. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Louisiana. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Louisiana KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20547/PB98132988.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/844249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01087733 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Alaska. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/29 SP - 20p AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Alaska. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - Alaska KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20620/PB98135387.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01083331 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics Delaware. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1997/09/27 SP - v.p. AB - The American Travel Survey (ATS) collected information from approximately 80,000 households about their long-distance travel in 1995. The ATS provides answers to how, why, where, when, and who travels in America. The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, States, and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the ATS for the state of Delaware. Information includes the origin, destination, volume, and characteristics of long-distance travel. Tables 1 through 5 include information for household trips and tables 6 through 15 provide information for person trips. Table 16 provides information about household trips, person, trips, person miles of travel, and vehicle miles of travel. Transportation modes covered include highways, railroads, public transit, water transportation and air transportation. KW - Air travel KW - Delaware KW - Demographics KW - Highway travel KW - Households KW - Long distance travel KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Person miles of travel KW - Person trips KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - States KW - Statistics KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Trip purpose KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20600/20614/PB98135320.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207233 AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - GHL Federal Systems, Incorporated AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - Lifetime Driver Learning Initiative. Forum Highlights, Program Framework and Action Plan PY - 1997/09 SP - 18p AB - The challenge of interagency coordination of research and development priorities was undertaken by a group of representatives from the National Aeronautics and pace Administration (NASA), Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Energy (DoE), and persons from the modal administrations of the Department of Transportation (DoT). A coordinating council was established and a subcommittee formed to identify of an Inter-Modal Transportation R&D Program to conduct long-term, inter/multi-modal research that will continue the steady advances in transportation technology necessary to meet the demands of the 21" Century. The scope of this total effort is budgeted to be $145M of Federal monies over the next six fiscal years as requested in the President's National Economic Crossroads Transportation Efficiency Act (NEXTEA). Five long-term research areas were identified through the efforts of this subcommittee. These included information infrastructure, sustainable transportation, advance materials, computing and information technologies, energy and environment, tools for transportation modeling and human centered transportation. Human-Centered Transportation, the focus of this effort at-hand, is one thrust in a concept stage consisting of enabling research with the promising large gains in safety. These gains are possible when considering that human centered systems target the single largest untapped area for safety improvements: human operator behavior. It is in human behavior and human performance that sizeable gains in transportation efficiency and safety may be realized through an integratedm, long-term research and development plan. This document describes planning activities and program concept of a Lifetime Driver Learning Initiative as part of a transportation safety initiative for the 21" Century. KW - Coordination KW - Driver education KW - Driver training KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Learning KW - Technological innovations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33654/33654.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00746658 AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Eichenbaum, H M AU - Laube, M M AU - Liu, T-K AU - Skane, A R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REVIEW OF METROPOLITAN AREA EARLY DEPLOYMENT PLANS AND CONGESTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1997/09 SP - 61 p. AB - Integration of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) within a metropolitan area is crucial for effective deployment. The Early Deployment Planning (EDP) Process is one tool that allows transportation officials to plan for and implement ITS technologies as part of an integrated transportation system. Congestion Management Systems (CMS), which are in place or under development in most major metropolitan areas, provide an important mechanism for establishing the linkage between the development of ITS products and services and the metropolitan planning process. These two activities will aid in the development of a regional framework, which defines a systems architecture and a planning and deployment process needed to support this integration. This report documents a study of the relationships among Early Deployment Plans (EDPs), CMS, and regional frameworks. There were four principal objectives of the study: Report on the status of EDPs conducted in metropolitan areas throughout the U.S.; Review the role of the EDP process in establishing a regional framework; Report on the status of CMS development; and Review the relationship between the development processes for EDPs and CMS. KW - Congestion management systems KW - Deployment KW - Development KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Relationships UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20471/PB98129984.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745366 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FEDERAL, STATE. AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCIAL STATISTICS PY - 1997/09 SP - 49 p. AB - This report is the 12th in a series that presents time-series data on federal, state, and local transportation-related revenues and expenditures. For this report, data on 1982-94 fiscal years are shown. Federal data correspond to a fiscal year that begins October 1, while the state and local data are for a fiscal year that generally begins July 1. The data are suitable for illustrating trends in public transportation finance. Data are presented in current dollars and in constant 1987 dollars, as indicated. KW - Budgeting KW - Expenditures KW - Federal budgets KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Public participation KW - Revenues KW - State aid KW - Time series KW - Transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7100/7180/fslfin94.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595736 AU - Burnham, David AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Aeronautics and Space Administration TI - November 1996 Kennedy Airport Wake Vortex Test : Sensor Evaluation PY - 1997/08//Project Memorandum SP - 223p AB - In November 1996, a number of wake vortex and meteorological sensors were operated simultaneously in the middle marker region of Runway 31R at New York's Kennedy Airport. The vortex sensors included: 1) ground-based anemometer array, 2) cw 10-micron lidar, 3) fan-beam sodar, 4) Radar Acoustic Sensing System (RASS), 5) sonic anemometer, 6) scintillometer, and 7) vertical beam sodar. Comparisons of measurements from the different sensors are presented and used to analyze sensor capabilities and suitability for the NASA Aircraft Vortex Spacing System (AVOSS). A number of new observations were made during this test: 1) boundary thickness under wake vortex in ground effect, 2) high time resolution in situ temperature and velocity measurements inside the vortex recirculation oval, 3) directional measurements of vortex-generated sound, and 4) the influence of aIrcraft on meteorologlcal conditions. KW - Aircraft Vortex Spacing System (AVOSS) KW - John F. Kennedy International Airport KW - Sensors KW - Testing KW - Wakes KW - Weather conditions UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56200/56285/November1996_KennedyAirportWakeVortexTest-SensorEvaluation_JFK1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00743953 AU - Samavedam, G AU - Gomes, J AU - Kish A AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INVESTIGATION ON CWR LONGITUDINAL RESTRAINT BEHAVIOR IN WINTER RAIL BREAK AND SUMMER DESTRESSING OPERATIONS PY - 1997/08 SP - 74 p. AB - This report presents the results of investigations on the rail anchor/fastener effects on rail movement and the resulting rail force distribution in continuous welded rail (CWR) track during rail breaks and destressing operations. Two types of tests are used, one for simulating winter rail break and another for destressing operations in summer. The winter rail break test is used to determine the size of the rail gap and the length of the disturbance zone in rail neutral temperature that occur when the rail breaks. The summer rail destressing test is used to determine the deanchored zone length and the rail length to be cut when the rail is destressed. The results are correlated with analyses. The results will be useful to the industry in optimization of their destressing operations. KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Destressing operations KW - Disturbances KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail break KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail gap KW - Rail stress KW - Stresses KW - Test tracks KW - Track tests KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42600/42699/ord9701.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/471938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00742523 AU - LAUBE, M AU - Lyons, W AU - VanderWilden, P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR ACCESS TO JOBS: JOB ACCESS AND THE METROPOLITAN PLANNING PROCESS IN HARTFORD, ST. LOUIS, AND DETROIT PY - 1997/08 SP - 56 p. AB - This report presents three case studies of innovative transportation planning efforts in metropolitan areas to improve access to jobs for current welfare recipients and other low income residents. These Access to Jobs case studies of the Hartford, St. Louis, and Detroit metropolitan areas focus on developing transportation solutions that meet locally defined goals and objectives and ensure that former welfare recipients have the needed mobility to reach employment opportunities. The experiences of each area offer a number of insights into how metropolitan transportation planning process might be applied in developing solutions to employment access problems. Topics discussed include local conditions, job access problem, types and characteristics of existing and planned services, impact of proposed solutions, organizational roles and responsibilities, context of planning effort, resource constraints, and planning methods. Findings show that the metropolitan transportation planning process is an effective means for addressing access to job problems, that planning for access to jobs requires an inclusive, collaborative coalition of diverse agencies and organizations to develop solutions, and planning goes beyond simply providing transportation to and from work. KW - Access KW - Access to jobs KW - Case studies KW - Employment KW - Jobs KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Welfare UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5400/5423/699.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759834 AU - Mergel, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN OVERVIEW OF TRAFFIC MONITORING PROGRAMS IN LARGE URBAN AREAS PY - 1997/07 SP - v.p. AB - This is one of two documents prepared by the Center for Transportation Information of the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center in support of the Federal Highway Administration's Office of Highway Information Management. This report documents the status of traffic monitoring data collection and program activities found in urbanized areas. The companion report presents the results of a number of case studies of traffic monitoring data operations within several individual localities. The Center for Transportation Information researched the status of traffic monitoring operations in urbanized areas of over 200,000 population by conducting telephone interviews with a number of staff from States, counties, cities, and metropolitan organizations responsible for traffic monitoring operations. The inquiries were used to document the status of traffic monitoring in urban areas and to identify a number of areas to be studied in more detail. Many metropolitan areas have begun or are planning to implement traffic monitoring programs to meet the many demands for traffic data. The purpose of this project is to document a series of examples of urban traffic monitoring data collection programs in order to support the development of urban traffic monitoring databases and promote the upgrading of urban traffic monitoring programs. KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Urban areas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7100/7110/overmon.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759835 AU - Mergel, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CASE STUDIES OF TRAFFIC MONITORING PROGRAMS IN LARGE URBAN AREAS PY - 1997/07 SP - v.p. AB - This is one of two documents prepared by the Center for Transportation Information of the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center in support of the Federal Highway Administration's Office of Highway Information Management. This report presents the results of four case studies of traffic monitoring data operations within urban areas. The companion report documents the status of traffic monitoring data collection and program activities found in all large urbanized areas. The purpose of this project is to document a series of examples of urban traffic monitoring data collection programs in order to support the development of urban traffic monitoring databases and promote the upgrading of urban traffic monitoring programs. KW - Case studies KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Urban areas UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/casemon.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19500/19530/PB2002107749.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6900/6920/casemon.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/497791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00742550 AU - Samavedam, G AU - Blader, F AU - Wormley, D AU - Kish A AU - Snyder, M AU - Gomes, J AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF TRACK SHIFT UNDER HIGH-SPEED VEHICLE-TRACK INTERACTION. SAFETY OF HIGH-SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1997/07 SP - 116 p. AB - This report describes analysis tools to predict shift under high-speed vehicle-track interaction. The analysis approach is based on two fundamental models developed (as part of this research); the first model computes the track lateral residual deflections under vehicle passage, whereas the second determines the lateral dynamic loads generated as the vehicle negotiates misaligned tangent or curved tracks. The track, residual deflection model takes the loads from the vehicle dynamic model as inputs and is based on a quasi-static beam theory and an appropriate trilinear constitutive representation for the tie-ballast lateral resistance under the wheel vertical loads. The vehicle dynamic model is based on a multibody simulation which maintains a wheel-rail rolling contact connection with a complaint track representation. Computer codes (OMNISIM) for track residual deflection and for vehicle multibody simulation with complaint track element have been developed to facilitate parametric study. OMNISIM, which has been developed through extensive modifications of previous programs (which do not permit a complaint track element) is shown to have several advantages including accuracy in the evaluation of loads and wheel climb predictions. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamics KW - Force KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Residual stress KW - Rolling contact KW - Track deflection KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wheels UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42700/42700/ord9702.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5300/5377/674.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00741139 AU - Ketola, H N AU - Chia, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF ADA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS PY - 1997/07 SP - 196 p. AB - This report assesses the progress transit systems have made in improving the accessibility of their services and facilities. Specific objectives included the identification of innovative solutions developed by transit systems to meet the accessibility requirements of ADA, and identification of potential research and development areas for federal support. The project takes a systems approach to assessing compliance with ADA regulations by looking at how operations, vehicles, facilities, employees, passengers, and environment all contribute (or clash) to achieve compliance. The assessment methodology is based on the collection and organization of data from the perspective of a disabled passenger as the passenger makes a complete trip - from obtaining information about the bus or rail system and trip planning, to the passenger leaving vehicle and departing the station. Information was collected from 32 transit systems with at least one onsite visit in each of FTA's ten regions. KW - Accessibility KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Compliance KW - Disabled people KW - Federal aid KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01548144 AU - Hall, Kevin D AU - Elliott, Robert P AU - Watkins, Quintin B AU - University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AU - Mack Blackwell National Rural Transportation Center AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Reliability and Design Procedure Revisions of ROADHOG PY - 1997/06//Final Report AB - The Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) designs flexible pavement overlays using ROADHOG, a pavement deflection based procedure developed by the University of Arkansas. ROADHOG is based on overlay design concepts contained in the 1986 AASHTO Guide. Publication of a discreet overlay design procedure in the 1993 edition of the AASHTO Guide prompted a re-evaluation of the ROADHOG procedure in light of the AASHTO procedure. Since both procedures are based somewhat on pavement surface deflections, deflection basins were generated using ILLI-PAVE (finite element) and ELSYM5 (elastic layer) pavement models. The basins represented a wide variety of pavement layer thicknesses and modulus values. Both ROADHOG and AASHTO were used to design overlays based on the deflection basins. The results showed ROADHOG and AASHTO requiring different overlay thicknesses. The differences were traced to differences in estimates for both the effective structural number of the existing pavement (SN sub eff) and the structural number required for new pavement (SN sub f). The analyses also showed the AASHTO procedure to be much more sensitive to the estimate for subgrade resilient modulus backcalculated from deflection data. Using "input" values of subgrade modulus and values of SN sub eff calculated using a layer component analysis, the comparison showed ROADHOG to provide estimates of subgrade modulus and SN sub eff that seem to be more reasonable than those from AASHTO. It was recommended the Arkansas Highway Department continue use of ROADHOG for routine overlay design. KW - Arkansas KW - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department KW - Deflection basins KW - Design KW - ELSYM5 (Computer program) KW - Flexible pavements KW - ILLIPAVE (Computer program) KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - ROADHOG (Computer program) KW - Structural number (Pavements) KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Thickness UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%209403.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744589 AU - Bud, M J AU - Mengert, P AU - Ransom, S AU - Stearns, M D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - GENERAL AVIATION ACCIDENTS, 1983-1994: IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS RELATED TO CONTROLLED-FLIGHT-INTO-TERRAIN (CFIT) ACCIDENTS PY - 1997/06 SP - 26 p. AB - A controlled-flight-into-terrain accident (CFIT) is any collision with terrain (or water) in which the pilot was in control of the aircraft but was not aware of the airplane's altitude, the terrain elevation, or the airplane's position in terms of latitude or longitude. This report describes the characteristics of general aviation (GA) accidents and identifies factors related to the occurrence of CFIT accidents in GA. This study used the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database of 31,790 aviation accidents that occurred between 1983 and 1994, inclusive. In the NTSB aviation accident databases, 86% of these accidents were GA accidents. This study analyzed the subset of accidents involving GA airplanes and helicopters. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Airline pilots KW - Crash causes KW - Crashes KW - General aviation KW - Helicopters KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance KW - Terrain avoidance KW - Terrain avoidance radar UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33651/33651.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322439 AU - Burnham, David AU - Hallock, James AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Wake Vortex Separation Standards: Analysis Methods PY - 1997/05//Final Report SP - 90p AB - Wake vortex separation standards are used to prevent hazardous wake vortex encounters. A "safe" separation model can be used to assess the safety of proposed changes in the standards. A safe separation model can be derived from an encounter hazard model and a vortex decay model. This report presents subsequent developments and applications of such a model which was first developed in the early 1980s. A static encounter hazard model is coupled with a decay model based on sodar measurements of vortex decay. The separation standards and procedures used from 1976 to 1994 are assumed to be safe based on the absence of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) accidents. Various versions of the model are used to assess how aircraft should be classified and to evaluate the safety of a possible four-class aircraft separation system. Recommendations are made for ways of improving the safe separation models. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Aircraft separation KW - Airlines KW - Aviation safety KW - Hazards KW - Wakes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34350/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-97-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1082795 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00745376 JO - TranStats PB - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRUCK MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA: SHIPMENTS FROM, TO, WITHIN, AND THROUGH STATES PY - 1997/05 SP - 6 p. AB - Trucking is a vital segment of the transportation system in the United States. The Commodity Flow Survey estimates that trucks carried about $4.6 trillion worth of goods over 900 billion ton-miles in 1993. This report presents new estimates of the movements of commmodities by truck to, from, within, and through each state. The value of truck shipments and the relative importance of trucking to each state is shown, and, additionally, the ton-miles of truck shipments and the amount of trucking activity over the highways are presented. KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Economic impacts KW - Interstate commerce KW - Interstate transportation KW - Shipments KW - Statistics KW - Trucking UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transtats/issue_01/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7200/7282/ts1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745363 AU - Eversole, B S AU - Rossetti, M A AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - WORLDWIDE TRANSPORTATION DIRECTORY. STATISTICAL CONTACTS AND TRANSPORTATION PROFILES BY CONTINENT AND COUNTRY PY - 1997/05 SP - 126 p. AB - The Directory was created to assist transportation data users, policy makers, planners, researchers, information specialists and others in locating statistical contacts and transportation profiles in different countries. It lists, by continent, 1.925 contact points in 189 countries, plus 42 dependencies and areas of special sovereignties. Data entries were restricted primarily to government and quasi-government agencies and organizations. In addition to these, there are 59 transnational organizations that span the interests and responsibilities of several countries, and in some cases even continents. These organizations are listed separately. The Directory begins with a list of available embassy contacts accessible by electronic mail and Internet Site Addresses. Following that is presented a special section on transnational organizations. Next, the continents of North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania are displayed as major sections of the Directory, with listings by individual country. KW - Directories KW - Information services KW - International transportation KW - Statistics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5700/5754/857.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745365 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - AIRPORT ACTIVITY STATISTICS OF CERTIFICATED AIR CARRIERS. SUMMARY TABLES. TWELVE MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1996 PY - 1997/04 SP - v.p. AB - The report presents summary data for all scheduled and nonscheduled service by large certified U.S. air carriers - including the volume of passenger, freight, and mail enplanements, and aircraft departures - for each airport served during the 12 months ending December 31, 1996. The data in this publication are compiled from information reported to DOT by the large certificated air carriers on BTS Form 41, Schedules T-100 and T-3. The data are presented in 5 tables. Tables 1 and 2 contain summary data by type of service for carrier groups and individual air carriers, and summary figures by area and state. Tables 3, 4, and 5 show activity in air carrier system operations at large, medium, and small air traffic hubs. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic activity KW - Air travel KW - Airlines KW - Airport operations KW - Freight handling KW - Freight operations KW - Hub and spoke systems KW - Passenger traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/474072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745364 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION RECEIPTS AND OUTLAYS IN THE FEDERAL BUDGET PY - 1997/04 SP - 75 p. AB - This report identifies financial trends in the federal government's transportation activities for fiscal years 1977-94. The report focuses on receipts from taxes and tax-like fees and assessments that support transportation activities and the net expenditures (outlays) that are related to them. The report also displays receipts and outlays for all federal transportation-related programs, including those administered by agencies outside the U.S. Department of Transportation. Data are reported in both current dollars and in constant 1987 dollars, and all years mentioned are fiscal years, except in the cases of titles of legislation or dates of publication. KW - Assessments KW - Expenditures KW - Fees KW - Financial responsibility KW - Taxes KW - Time series UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_receipts_and_outlays_in_the_federal_budget/pdf/entire.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20709/PB98143068.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5900/5979/trfedbud.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738649 AU - Aftandilian, E AU - Thompson, A AU - Unisys Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1995 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1997/04 SP - 130 p. AB - This annual report is a compilation and analysis of transit accident, casualty and crime statistics reported under the Federal Transit Administration's National Transit Database Reporting by transit systems in the United States during 1995. KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Crimes KW - Crimes involving transportation KW - Injuries KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00921767 AU - Kurtz, S AU - Balaguru, P AU - Consolazio, Gary R. AU - Maher, A AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FAST TRACK CONCRETE FOR CONSTRUCTION REPAIR PY - 1997/03 SP - 75p AB - Under the sponsorship of the New Jersey Department of Transportation a unique concrete mix was developed. This concrete mix attains a significant strength in a period of six to nine hours for use on pavement repair in high-traffic areas. It is not "rapid setting" formulation, but is Portland cement based, relying on chemical admixtures and insulated coverings to attain very high temperature levels, very quickly. The mix, which is designated as "fast track mix", has been shown to be effective in reaching its target compressive and flexural strengths of 3000 and 350 psi, respectively in as little as six hours. Several full-scale demonstration slabs have been completed both in the laboratory and in the field with satisfactory results. The strength gain is primarily dependent on its temperature history, over time. All other factors being equal, higher curing temperatures result in concrete of greater maturity, at any point in times. One application of this is the maturity method. The maturity method is a means of estimating the in-place strength and equivalent age or between strength and temperature-time factor. A correlation between either strength and equivalent age or between strength and temperature-time factor must be established experimentally. Once the correlation has been established thermoprobes are embedded in freshly placed concrete and connected to specially designed field computers for continual maturity determination. Knowing the maturity, in terms of either the equivalent age or the temperature-time factor, the strength of in-place concrete is estimated. KW - Admixtures KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - Construction KW - Correlation analysis KW - Fast track concrete KW - Flexural strength KW - High early strength KW - High temperature KW - Maturity (Concrete) KW - Portland cement KW - Repairing UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2001-015.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18500/18588/PB2002100681.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706835 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00769286 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - TDS Economics TI - TRUCK TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS: ACETONE PY - 1997/03 SP - 40 p. AB - The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the U.S. in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. Highway, water, and rail account for nearly all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. The principal purpose of this report is to present estimates of truck shipments of acetone, one of 147 large-volume chemicals that account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. All of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in an environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flow from producers to consumers, is thus subject to change. KW - Acetone KW - Chemical industry KW - Consumers KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Shipments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745285 AU - Raj, P K AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Kangas, R AU - Technology and Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS USING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL PY - 1997/03 SP - 84 p. AB - The use of alternative fuels to power transit buses is steadily increasing. Several fuels, including Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and Methanol/Ethanol, are already being used. At present, there are no comprehensive facilities guidelines to assist transit agencies contemplating converting from diesel to alternative fuels. This document addresses that need. This guidelines document presents various facility and bus design issues that need to be considered to ensure safe operations when using LNG as the alternative fuel. Fueling facility, garaging facility, maintenance facility requirements and safety practices are indicated. Fuel properties, potential hazards, fuel requirements for specified level of service, applicable codes and standards, ventilation, and electrical classification, among other items, are also discussed. Critical fuel related safety issues in the design of the related systems on the bus are also indicated. A system safety assessment and hazard resolution process is also presented. This approach may be used to select design strategies which are economical, yet ensure a specified level of safety. This report forms part of a series of monographs being published by the U.S. DOT/FTA on the safe use of alternative fuels. Documents similar to this one in content have been published for CNG, LPG, and Methanol/Ethanol. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bus transit KW - Facilities KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Transit vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738657 AU - Burnham, D C AU - Spitzer, E A AU - Carty, T C AU - Lucas, D B AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Scientific and Engineering Solutions, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - UNITED STATES EXPERIENCE USING FORWARD SCATTERMETERS FOR RUNAWAY VISUAL RANGE PY - 1997/03 SP - 66 p. AB - The forward scattermeter has many practical advantages over the transmissometer (single mounting pole, greater dynamic range, etc.). However, before a forward scattermeter could be accepted for an RVR system, a number of criteria had to be satisfied: 1) the calibration must be accurate and consistent (a) from one unit to the next and (b) for all important obstruction to vision (fog and snow for RVR); 2) the windows of the sensors must not clog in blowing snow; and 3) scatter measurements in a small volume of space must represent conditions over the runway as well as measurements made by a transmissometer which averages over a baseline (250 feet (76.2 m) at US airports). Many different scattermeter designs were tested extensively, both in the field and in climatic chambers, before all acceptance criteria could be satisfied. The report describes the evolution of scattermeter design and presents the test methodology and results for the new RVR system. KW - Airport runways KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Field of vision KW - Navigation KW - Obstruction KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Runway visual range KW - Visibility KW - Visual navigation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34349/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-97-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738586 AU - Raj, P K AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Kangas, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS USING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL PY - 1997/03 SP - 84 p. AB - This report provides comprehensive guidelines for the safe use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in bus transit systems. It will assist transit agencies attempting to convert from diesel to an alternative fuel. Various facility and bus design issues are presented that need to be considered to ensure safe operations when using LNG as the alternative fuel. Fueling and garaging facilities, maintenance facility requirements and safety practices are discussed. Fuel properties, potential hazards, fuel requirements for specified level of service, applicable codes and standards, ventilation, electrical classification, personnel training and emergency preparedness, and other items, are also discussed. Critical fuel related safety issues in the design of related systems on the bus are discussed, as well as a systems safety assessment and hazard resolution process. Supplemental materials contained in this report include: glossary, list of acronyms, glossary of graphic symbols, and references. This LNG report is one of a series of guidelines reports being published by FTA for the safe use of alternative fuels. Documents similar to this one in content have been published for Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and alcohol fuels (methanol and ethanol). KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bus tests KW - Buses KW - Fuel specifications KW - Fuels KW - Hazard evaluation KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Safety KW - Safety practices KW - Specifications KW - System safety KW - Vehicle tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735701 AU - Ault, J AU - Berty, P AU - Browning, K AU - Center, B AU - Silver, R AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING RESULTS 1995 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1997/03 SP - 84 p. AB - The report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit drug and alcohol testing reported by transit systems in the United States during 1995. The report covers testing for alcohol and the following drug types: marijuana (THC), cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), opiates, and amphetamines. The test types covered are: pre-employment, random, post-accident, reasonable suspicion, return-to-duty, and follow-up. KW - Alcohol tests KW - Annual reports KW - Drug tests KW - Public transit KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738584 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - CENSUS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE - URBAN ELEMENTS PY - 1997/02 AB - The "Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) - Urban Element" CD-ROMs have been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. CTPP is a set of special tabulations of 1990 Census data tailored to meet the needs of transportation planners. The 1990 CTPP is a continuation of a program established for the 1970 Census and continued for the 1980 Census in the same format. An Urban Element data set has been created for each Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) across the country. The Urban Element is comprised of Parts 1, 2, and 3. Part 1 contains data for housing units, households, persons and workers located in or living in the region. Part 2 contains tabulations by area of work. It also provides data on people who worked in the region, such as information on the mode of travel to work and type of work as well as the amount of time it took to get to work. Part 3 provides tabulations of residence by work area and is a combination of Parts 1 and 2. The data in Part 3 present totals on where individuals live and work in a region. The data provided also depict if the individual left for work during the peak period of 6:30 a.m. to 8:29 a.m. as well as their mode of transportation. CTPP is available for the entire U.S. on a swt of 33 CD-ROMs. KW - Census KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel by mode KW - Travel modes KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748134 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY: UNITED STATES HIGHLIGHTS PY - 1997/02 SP - 20 p. AB - This report summarizes information from the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) released in 1996 by the Bureau of the Census. The report presents data on domestic shipments of commodities by value and weight, destination by value and weight, mode of transportation, and distance. Included are estimates by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for pipeline and water shipments not fully covered in the 1993 CFS. KW - Commodity flow KW - Data collection KW - Distance KW - Origin and destination KW - Present value KW - Shipments KW - Surveys KW - Transportation modes KW - United States KW - Values KW - Weight UR - http://www.bts.gov/ntda/cfs/ushilite/ushilite.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735692 AU - Spiller, D AU - Labell, L AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PARALYMPICS TRANSIT SYSTEM: LOW-FLOOR BUSES, LIFT EQUIPPED BUSES, AND SIGNAGE PY - 1997/02 SP - 48 p. AB - From August 15-25, Atlanta hosted the paralympics, a world-class athletic competition for athletes with disabilities. To support the Paralympics, a specialized transit service was planned and deployed to service the travel needs of athletes, trainers and officiating staff using a combination of low-floor buses and lift-equipped buses. The U.S. Department of Transportation's Volpe Center conducted a limited operational assessment, focusing specifically on bus access technologies that enable boarding and alighting operations. An additional area of focus for this study is Information Signage (on-board the buses, and at wayside boarding/alighting locations) that also either enable or limit full access to the transport services that are rendered. This study complements several concurrent activities in support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) to document "Lessons Learned" in deploying new technologies (including Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies) during the Olympics and Paralympics events. KW - Accessibility KW - Barrier free design KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Lift-equipped buses KW - Low floor vehicles KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Signs KW - Special user groups KW - Technology assessment KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478403 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738718 AU - Bowlby, W AU - Wayson, R L AU - Chiguluri, S AU - MARTIN, M AU - Herman, L A AU - Vanderbilt University AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERRUPTED FLOW REFERENCE ENERGY MEAN EMISSION LEVELS FOR THE FHWA TRAFFIC NOISE MODEL PY - 1997/01 SP - 99 p. AB - This report presents the measurement, data reduction and analysis of individual vehicle sound level and speed data for non-constant speed situations. These situations are referred to as interrupted flow conditions and include acceleration from stop signs, toll booths and on highway ramps. The measured noise levels were used to compute regression equations on how sound level increases with increasing vehicle speed for an acceleration condition. The resulting Reference Energy Mean Emission Level (REMEL) equations are presented for each of three vehicle types: automobiles, medium and heavy duty trucks. Section 2 discusses the sites that were used for data collection. Sections 3 and 4 describe the data collection and analysis procedures, respectively, while Section 5 presents the results. Section 6 is a summary and Section 7 lists the referenced reports. Appendix A presents tables of the collected data after editing. Appendix B contains the printouts of the results of the statistical and regression analyses from the statistical software package. KW - Automobiles KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Interrupted flow conditions KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Noise KW - Noise measurement KW - Noise sources KW - Regression analysis KW - Regression equations KW - Sound level KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic noise KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle acceleration KW - Vehicle noise UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34383/DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-97-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01596767 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - National Transportation Atlas Databases 1997 PY - 1997 AB - The National Transportation Atlas Databases 1997 (NTAD1997) is a set of nationwide geographic databases of transportation facilities, transportation networks, and associated infrastructure. These datasets include spatial information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, as well as the related attribute information for these features. Metadata documentation, as prescribed by the International Organization of Standards, is also provided for each database. The data support research, analysis, and decision-making across all modes of transportation. They are most useful at the national level, but have major applications at regional, state, and local scales throughout the transportation community. This product is distributed in shapefile format. KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Metadata KW - Spatial analysis KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation, hydraulic and utility facilities KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56683/NTAD_1997.zip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1400820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496733 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Human Factors Lessons Learned in the Design and Implementation of Air Traffic Control Systems PY - 1997 SP - n.p. AB - As air traffic continues to increase, new technology will be needed to accommodate it. The interesting opportunities that new technologies will present for air traffic control (ATC) will be matched by the human factors challenges. Automated tools, already common in the cockpit, will become a necessity for air traffic control specialists and maintenance personnel. The nature of the jobs of controllers and maintainers will change with the tasks that they are required to perform and the tools that are available to them. The human factors challenge is to ensure that these tasks and tools are designed to be well-suited to the users. How well this challenge is met will determine whether the implementation of a new system is a success, a struggle, or a failure. The purpose of this article is to explore lessons learned from the development and implementations of several systems in the United States. These lessons point to a process that can be used to help ensure that new systems are designed and implemented effectively. KW - Air traffic control KW - Human factors KW - Implementation KW - System design KW - Technological innovations KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47600/47645/ctlr1-98.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1265519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728604 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Anderson, W P AU - Carmody, T AU - Fuller, J W AU - Gibson, R AU - Greene, D AU - Han, X AU - Hu, Ping AU - Jones, D W AU - Lakshmanan, T R AU - Mallett, W AU - Oldenburg, K U AU - Pisarski, A E AU - Schmitt, R R AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS ANNUAL REPORT 1996 PY - 1997 SP - 283 p. AB - This report is a summary of the state of the nation's transportation systems and the issues and consequences of maintaining such a diverse and complex network. All transportation modes -- air, highway, rail, water, and pipeline -- are examined through available data and statistical studies. In addition, the report takes a closer look at the statistics themselves and identifies obstacles to attaining both quantity of and quality in information on transportation in the United States. This report highlights attempts toward the design and implementation of better measures to transform existing and new data into useful information. It is organized in the following chapters: (1) Travel, the Movement of Freight, and the Transportation System; (2) Transportation and the Economy; (3) Transportation and Safety; (4) Energy and Transportation; (5) Environmental Impacts of Transportation; (7) Environmental Trends and the U.S. Transportation System; (8) Transportation and Air Quality: A Metropolitan Perspective; (9) An International Comparison of Transportation and Air Pollution. The appendices are title: An Overview of the U.S. Commercial Airline Industry, and A Conference on the Full Social Costs and Benefits of Transportation. KW - Air transportation KW - Costs KW - Data KW - Energy KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Highway transportation KW - Information organization KW - Pipelines KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/1996/pdf/report.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23500/23553/report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465388 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00742296 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND TOURISM PY - 1997 SP - n.p. AB - The International Travel and Tourism (T&T) CD-ROM is a compendium of travel and tourism statistics from national and international organizations worldwide. The T&T CD contains approximately 14,000 pages of information, including publications, statistical tables, questionnaires and statements of methodology from almost 100 national and international organizations representing 88 nations. In addition, the CD contains a variety of useful travel and tourism references, including information from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations, U.S. Department of State and World Tourism Organizations. The disc also contains approximately 10,000 spreadsheet files extracted from submitted publications and converted to electronic format for easy access and use. All documents on the multimedia CD are included in both their native language and English. Major components of the graphic interface appear in English, French and Spanish. KW - Documents KW - Electronic format KW - Electronics KW - Information organization KW - International KW - International organizations KW - Organizations KW - Publications KW - Questionnaires KW - Spreadsheets KW - Statistics KW - Tourism KW - Travel KW - Travel surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00945377 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS ANNUAL REPORT 1997: MOBILITY AND ACCESS SN - 0160492165 PY - 1997 SP - 306p AB - This publication is the fourth Transportation Statistics Annual Report prepared by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Just as in previous years, this report is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides a statistical survey of the physical and economic characteristics of the transportation sector including economic data, safety concerns, employment figures, government funding, energy use, passenger and freight surveys and provides related data on injuries, fatalities, oil imports and environmental impacts. Part 2 presents an assessment of the performance of the US transportation system and it's efforts to meet desired social and strategic goals of providing mobility and access for the overall general population and the national and international business community connected to growing trends in the global economy. KW - Accessibility KW - Air transportation KW - Annual reports KW - Economics KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight and passenger services KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Intercity transportation KW - Mobility KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation safety KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/1997/pdf/report.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23500/23554/report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/624112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00739859 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - COUNTING THE NEW MOBILE WORKFORCE PY - 1997 AB - This publication has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). The report examines existing federal surveys in order to identify those surveys to which work-at-home questions have been or can be added to generate more reliable information about an increasingly mobile workforce. By using this strategy, at little or no cost, new or revised questions can be added while maintaining the continuity of past years' data sets. About 20 questionnaires were examined to identify those to which work-at-home questions were relevant. In addition, a set of core questions with four levels of priority is recommended for consideration in designing future surveys. KW - Home offices KW - Surveys KW - Telecommuting KW - Work environment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6800/6849/wrkforce.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737838 AU - Sedor, J M AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION IN THE UNITED STATES: A REVIEW PY - 1997 SP - 34 p. AB - The United States has the largest transportation system in the world. It serves 260 million people and 6 million business establishments spread over the fourth largest country (in land area) in the world. This report provides a snapshot of the transportation system, highlighting its physical characteristics and trends in passenger travel and freight movement, and examining transportation's economic performance, its safety record, energy use, and environmental impacts. KW - Economic activity KW - Economic conditions KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Passenger transportation KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - Transportation systems KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/transportation_in_the_united_states/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736502 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - INTERNET STARTER KIT. UPDATE 1977 PY - 1997 SP - 159 p. AB - The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) established an Internet site in 1995, and also produced an Internet Starter Kit not only to assist transportation professionals in accessing the new Internet site but also to give them a basic overview of the Internet and its offerings, particularly in the area of transportation. This update of the 1995 book still covers Internet history, Internet tools, connections options, search tools, and transportation related resources on the Internet, but the substance of each chapter has been revised to reflect the latest information. KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Information dissemination KW - Information services KW - Internet KW - Statistics KW - Technological innovations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6700/6758/isk.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00881920 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCIAL STATISTICS: FISCAL YEARS 1982-1994.. PY - 1997 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20700/20710/PB98143076.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7100/7180/fslfin94.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806477 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PROGESSIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAM PLANNING AND DEPLOYING ITS : SIX WHITE PAPERS DESCRIBING CURRENT AND PLANNED PROGRAMS OF FIVE TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATIONS AND FOUR UNIVERSITY ITS RESEARCH CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE PY - 1997 SP - x, 54 p. AB - This synthesis presents summaries of current and planned Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) education and training activities in the following organizations: 1) Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITSA), 2) American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 3) American Public Transit Association (APTA), 4) National Transit Institute (NTI at Rutgers University), 5) Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), and ITS University Research Centers of Excellence (RCE) and the ITS Institute. Following the synthesis, six White Papers are included focusing on the ITS Professional Capacity Building Program. The White Papers address issues regarding ITS educational and training activities that are being performed and pursued by the organizations. KW - Education and training UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16900/16930/PB2000106277.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/9506.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00787661 AU - Casey, Robert F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - RESULTS OF THE APTS EVALUATION PROGRAM PY - 1997 SP - 10 p. AB - This document gives an overview of the results of the Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program operational tests. The APTS program focuses on three public transportation applications: transit fleet management systems electronic fare payment systems, and traveler information systems. There are currently 18 active operational tests being sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). Brief descriptions of the results to date of these tests are given according to the three categories of applications. KW - Advanced Public Transportation Systems Program KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00787764 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Department of Transportation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - USER ACCEPTANCE OF ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES : A REPORT OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH : INTERIM REPORT PY - 1997 SP - ii, 41 p. AB - This report summarizes the lessons drawn from a series of twelve focus groups conducted to appraise the potential customer acceptance for key Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) products and services directed at individual consumers. The product concepts explored in the focus groups were all applications of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). These included traveler information systems, public transportation information systems in-vehicle static and dynamic navigation systems, and in-vehicle emergency contact devices. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Consumer behavior UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16500/16571/PB2000104353.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00787704 AU - Calvo, Alberto B AU - Fullerton, Alan V AU - Vetter, Michael F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - United States. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Hazardous Materials Safety AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PY - 1997 SP - 128 p. in various pagings AB - This document reports on a study of the application of information technology to emergency response for hazardous materials incidents. Focus is on the information needs of first responders, i.e., those who are first on the site of an incident. The report reviews information requirements of first responders, relevant technologies, candidate test scenarios and information architectures. The key issues identified in the study regarding hazardous materials information systems pilot testing are discussed. Stakeholder inputs, related projects, and evolving technology applications are also discussed. KW - Emergency communication systems KW - Hazardous materials KW - Information systems KW - Safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20208/PB98116015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/649132 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00792413 JO - Volpe Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coughlin, J F AU - Lacombe, A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSPORTATION AND OUR AGING POPULATION: VOLPE CENTER HELPS SHAPE FUTURE POLICY PY - 1997 IS - 1 SP - p. 41-47 AB - The issue of providing our aging population with viable transportation alternatives to the private automobile is gaining increased attention from policy makers, particularly as members of the baby boom generation approach their retirement years. However, the problem is made even more complex by the lack of adequate transportation options in the suburbs, where most of the older population now lives. Research conducted at the Volpe Center's Strategic Planning and Analysis Division is helping to shape the public policy debate on this important issue. Providing transportation alternatives for older adults is not just a matter of public safety. Mobility is critical to the emotional well-being of people of all ages, and continued interaction with family, friends, and the larger community is a key ingredient in maintaining the psychological health of our aging citizens. The common misconception is that funding sources for such services are shrinking, when in fact a number of public agencies continue to provide financial support for transportation programs designed to include older adults. KW - Aged KW - Aged drivers KW - Aging (Biology) KW - Financing KW - John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Public policy KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban areas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49800/49816/VJ1997_Aging_Population.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/652837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00776301 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS : AN UPDATE OF THE COMMERCIAL ATIS MARKET : APPENDIX : A COMPILATION OF CONSUMER ITS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PY - 1997 SP - 41 p. AB - This catalog of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) consumer products that are available in the U.S. The products are divided into categories according to their functionality: in-vehicle navigation products, in-vehicle personal security and safety products, navigation products for personal computers, general travel products, and traveler information products. A final section offers a limited sample of similar products available to European consumers as of March 1997. Information on each product includes manufacturer, description of the product, price, distribution and advertising channels, supplemental information, source of the data, and a contact person. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Automobile navigation systems KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/507944 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00776543 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Baron, William R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - VOLPE ENGINEERS USE BIOMETRICS TO HELP EASE BORDER CRUSH PY - 1997 IS - 1 SP - p. 7-12 AB - This article describes the development of automated biometric systems designed to facilitate identification processing at airport gateways and border crossings. Biometric identification systems can match information encoded on a user's identification card with a machine scan of the user's physical characteristics. The article describes different automated inspection systems using biometric verification at the following: the INSPASS program at JFK, Newark, and Pearson airports; PORTPASS at border crossings in Canada and Mexico; and SENTRI at border crossings in Canada and Mexico. KW - Customs administration KW - Identification and monitoring systems KW - Identification systems KW - Monitoring UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11700/11762/VJ1997_Biometrics.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/510456 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00776544 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Wright, Donald G AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CROSS-MODAL WORK HELPS OMC IMPROVE THE SAFETY OF COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTATION PY - 1997 IS - 1 SP - p. 33-40 AB - This article describes the Commercial Vehicle Information System (CVIS), designed to deploy a national safety program for the U.S. commercial trucking fleet. CVIS is built around a safety analysis algorithm called SafeStat which constructs a profile on commercial vehicle operators whose activities are subject to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. The profile can be used to identify potentially unsafe carriers. The article also describes a safety monitoring system for air carriers, known as the Air Carrier Analysis Support (ACAS). ACAS is designed to collect and provide data on air carrier safety and performance KW - Air transportation KW - Information systems KW - Safety KW - Trucking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/52000/52500/52527/VJ1997_Cross-Modal.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/510457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00777455 AU - VanderWilden, Philip AU - DeBlasio, Allan J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT OF ITS DEPLOYMENT : THE NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY-CONNECTICUT METROPOLITAN MODEL DEPLOYMENT INITIATIVE : A REVIEW OF THE INITIAL NEGOTIATIONS PROCESS PY - 1997 SP - xii, 69 p. AB - This report summarizes the factors that contributed to the inability of a contract to be executed between the public and private sectors for an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Model Deployment Initiative (MDI). It provides a chronology and overview of the negotiations process and presents conclusions regarding key issues that led to the breakdown in negotiations. The report also compares how other jurisdictions implementing ITS projects have addressed similar issues. It also provides recommendations for improving the ITS partnering process. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems programs KW - Model Deployment Initiative UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/its/jpo98033/itsassess.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21200/21242/PB99106866.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/508439 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00749142 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH FACILITATES THE SAFE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY PY - 1997 SP - p. 25-32 AB - The science of human factors can help us better understand how people and technology-based systems interact. Human factors research not only identifies potential problems in system-operator interfaces but also can define human limitations in the use of technology to perform certain tasks. The Volpe Center has been at the forefront of ergonomic research into systems and procedures design for both air and rail transportation systems. KW - Air transportation KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Behavior KW - Ergonomics KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Railroad transportation KW - User behavior KW - User benefits UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11700/11763/VJ1997_HF_facilitates.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485935 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00749141 JO - Volpe Transportation Journal PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - VOLPE CENTER WORK ON ITS HELPS FORGE NEW PARTNERSHIPS PY - 1997 SP - p. 13-18 AB - Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) offer the promise of increased efficiency and safety in our transportation infrastructure. The Volpe Center is actively providing support for the development and deployment of ITS technologies as well as identifying non-technical barriers to ITS deployment. ITS represents a broad range of diverse technologies, including communications systems and information processing, that work within the existing infrastructure to move people efficiently and safely. ITS deployment will depend on the coordinated efforts of federal, state and local agencies to plan the deployment of, to educate and train officials and the public about and to communicate ITS technologies to the public. KW - Advanced systems KW - Information dissemination KW - Information exchange KW - Information organization KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - New systems KW - Technological innovations KW - User benefits UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/52000/52500/52529/VJ1997_ITS.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/485934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00883514 AU - DYER, MICHAEL G AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SCOPING RISK ASSESSMENT. T2 - PROTECTION AGAINST OIL SPILLS IN THE MARINE WATERS OF NORTHWEST WASHINGTON STATE PY - 1997 IS - PB97-205470 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Oil spills KW - Seas KW - Washington (State) KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/568111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00747545 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1997 SP - 220 p. AB - This fourth edition report is to implement the congressionally mandated objectives to 1) develop a range of technologies needed to produce convenient, safe, and affordable modes of surface transportation to be available for public use beginning in the mid-1990s, and 2) maintain a long-term advanced R&D program in order to provide for the next generation of surface transportation systems. The Near Term Section focuses on ongoing or projected programs, such as physical infrastructure, next generation vehicles and fuel, human-centered transportation systems, intermodal systems assessment, design, planning, management, and operations. The long term research objective includes transportation infrastructure, next generation vehicles, transportation physical infrastructure, and enabling research topics. KW - Advanced systems KW - Concept vehicles KW - Convenience KW - Ground transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Technological innovations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7300/7360/rdplan4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473664 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744790 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pisarski, A E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFORMATION NEEDS TO SUPPORT STATE AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING INTO THE 21ST CENTURY. CONFERENCE OVERVIEW AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SN - 0309062063 PY - 1997 IS - 14 SP - p. 1-12 AB - An immensely talented and disciplined group of transportation professionals was assembled for the Conference on Information Needs to Support State and Local Decision Making into the 21st Century to address the conundrum of how to obtain the right data for state and local decision making without adding to the data-collection burden on states and metropolitan planning organizations. The challenge was to maintain focus on a topic that is almost unlimited in its scale and scope. The observations and proposed directions that have resulted will provide broad guidance for priority setting at future conferences and for demarcating the boundaries of research efforts to come, establishing the agenda for state and metropolitan transportation data collection far into the next century. The findings reported in the proceedings represent a selection of the large number of observations that were aired and discussed. This selection represents the conference steering committee's view of concerns and findings that were widely held and characterized by many participants as critical. The findings are not, however, "consensus" findings or recommendations of all the participants and should not be construed as such. The findings appear in three categories based on the conference process: content, methods, and institutions. Although overlap was inevitable, the three categories indicate a greater degree of emphasis on, respectively, the what, the how, and the who of a specific data need. Proposed approaches to methods and institutional arrangements often converged. This conference overview and summary of the major findings is followed by the detailed Findings section, which contains observations from among those aired during the working sessions. Several presentations from the conference conclude these proceedings. U1 - Information Needs to Support State and Local Transportation Decision Making into the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.Irvine, California StartDate:19970302 EndDate:19970305 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations. KW - Conferences KW - Content KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Decision making KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Institutions KW - Local government KW - Methodology KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Needs assessment KW - Organizations KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475206 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744793 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schmitt, R R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OUTREACH EFFORTS SN - 0309062063 PY - 1997 IS - 14 SP - p. 58-61 AB - This conference paper addresses outreach efforts with regard to data needs for state and local transportation planning and decision making. Outreach efforts discussed include forums, committee meetings, and the Internet. It is pointed out that successful efforts to democratize data access have created a whole new customer base and that, along with the ability to distribute data to a wider user community, comes the job of explaining how to use the sophisticated data sets. Also discussed are the data needs to support shorter planning horizons, data needs for new or reemerging topics, the internal nature of data flows, data sharing, and changing technology for data collection. U1 - Information Needs to Support State and Local Transportation Decision Making into the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.Irvine, California StartDate:19970302 EndDate:19970305 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations. KW - Access KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Data communications KW - Data flows KW - Data needs KW - Data sharing KW - Decision making KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Local government KW - Modems KW - Needs assessment KW - Physical distribution KW - Sets KW - State government KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475209 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744794 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lockwood, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE TRENDS SN - 0309062063 PY - 1997 IS - 14 SP - p. 62-63 AB - This conference paper addresses future trends in data needs for state and local transportation planning and decision making. The discussion covers the move toward data sets related to service attributes that reflect performance, the change in attitude toward this information, the data flood that will come from intelligent transportation systems (ITS), the need to get involved in ITS architecture development, and the gap between the planners (who want data) and the operators (who have data) and the need to bridge that gap. U1 - Information Needs to Support State and Local Transportation Decision Making into the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.Irvine, California StartDate:19970302 EndDate:19970305 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations. KW - Attitudes KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Data sources KW - Decision making KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Modems KW - Needs assessment KW - Performance KW - Service KW - Sets KW - State government KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - Transportation planning KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475210 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744789 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFORMATION NEEDS TO SUPPORT STATE AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING INTO THE 21ST CENTURY. PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, MARCH 2-5, 1997 SN - 0309062063 PY - 1997 IS - 14 SP - 76 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established new requirements for data development and dissemination that have had an impact on federal, state, and local transportation planning processes across the United States. As transportation professionals look ahead to the 21st century and the reauthorization of ISTEA, broadscale and rapid changes will surely challenge transportation decision making and affect future needs for data to support sound transportation planning. The conference provided an opportunity for participants to (a) identify the types of data that are critical for planning and policy analysis; (b) identify data-collection requirements; (c) discuss the appropriate roles of and relationships among federal, state, and local agencies in the context of data collection and dissemination; and (d) review the impact of technological advances on data collection and dissemination. The invitation-only conference included participants from state departments of transportation (DOTs), metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), and federal agencies providing broad representation of the transportation planning and policy communities. Significant effort was made to include a full spectrum of policy, management, and front-line analysts who have extensive experience in answering policy questions, supporting the planning process, and responding to federal reporting requirements. U1 - Information Needs to Support State and Local Transportation Decision Making into the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.Irvine, California StartDate:19970302 EndDate:19970305 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations. KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Decision making KW - Government funding KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information technology KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Needs assessment KW - Reauthorization KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Federal Transit Administration KW - United States UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/cp14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475205 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744795 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDowell, B D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EPILOGUE--VISION FOR THE YEAR 2027: WHAT WE HAVE ACCOMPLISHED SN - 0309062063 PY - 1997 IS - 14 SP - p. 64-65 AB - These comments are offered from the future to describe the 30 years of achievement in information systems that could result from the findings of this conference on the information needs to support state and local transportation planning and decision making. For example, "The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), state departments of transportation, and metropolitan planning organizations are all linked by a common performance-based geographic information system (GIS)." U1 - Information Needs to Support State and Local Transportation Decision Making into the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.Irvine, California StartDate:19970302 EndDate:19970305 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations. KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Future developments KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information systems KW - Local government KW - Needs assessment KW - State government KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475211 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744791 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lakshmanan, T R AU - Skinner, R E AU - Francois, F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFORMATION NEEDS TO SUPPORT STATE AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING INTO THE 21ST CENTURY. KEYNOTE PANEL: ROLE OF INFORMATION IN TRANSPORTATION DATA CONTENT, ANALYSIS, AND INSTITUTIONS SN - 0309062063 PY - 1997 IS - 14 SP - p. 42-52 AB - The focus of this conference is the importance of data to support state and local transportation decision making from identification all the way through to interpretation. Substantial changes are under way, including accountability, performance measurement, a broadening of the current mission within individual agencies and organizations, creation of new programs and new projects, and addition of new talents and skills. The panelists were asked to help set the scene for discussion of opportunities and challenges within this framework. The first panelist, T.R. Lakshmanan, Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, discusses three aspects of socioeconomic change that are influencing transportation and the data needed to support transportation decision making; presents views on the value of information; discusses three types of decision perspectives--strategic, management, and operational; points out the basic changes in the U.S. economy and the implication for transportation; comments on information technology; and concludes with a look at measuring the performance of systems and agencies. The second panelist, Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Executive Director, Transportation Research Board, presents a list of eight points about transportation information and data needs. Briefly stated, these are: (1) transportation data and information matter; (2) data collection programs, just like research programs, are a tough sell; (3) data collection programs appear fragmented and disorganized, and actually, in many cases, they are fragmented and disorganized, sometimes for very understandable reasons; (4) data collection programs must address tomorrow's needs, not yesterday's or even today's; (5) there are some questions that data, even excellent data, cannot answer or meaningfully address; (6) as with so many other things in life, balance is important in data collection programs; (7) as with other activities that some people perceive to be of marginal importance, data collection and information gathering programs need champions; and (8) the devil is in the details. The third panelist, Francis Francois, Executive Director, AASHTO, presents a perspective on the conference topic from the standpoint of AASHTO and its member departments. He points out a key issue: the difference between what the federal government needs and what the state and local governments need, which is more important, and how to sort out the roles between states and metropolitan planning organizations and between local governments and the federal government. He asks many of the questions the conference should address, and points out that whatever data systems are put together, there must be recognition of the uniqueness of each state. U1 - Information Needs to Support State and Local Transportation Decision Making into the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.Irvine, California StartDate:19970302 EndDate:19970305 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations. KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Decision making KW - Federal government KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Needs assessment KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00744792 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heanue, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HISTORY OF DATA COLLECTION SN - 0309062063 PY - 1997 IS - 14 SP - p. 53-57 AB - This conference paper presents a brief history of data collection in the field of transportation. The history is presented in terms of time, the evolution of transportation technology, and some of the applications of data, mostly in the highway program. The last half of the paper focuses on transportation planning, especially urban transportation planning, and the movement from data-based studies to simulations using small sample surveys. The paper concludes with comments on reauthorization of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, a more effective dialogue with Congress, a planning process that is not geared to intelligent transportation systems, the "disconnect" between environmental analysis and project development, reaching for international answers, and a Transportation Research Board report on sustainability. U1 - Information Needs to Support State and Local Transportation Decision Making into the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations.Irvine, California StartDate:19970302 EndDate:19970305 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; and Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations. KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Decision making KW - Government funding KW - History KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Local government KW - Needs assessment KW - Reauthorization KW - State government KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/475208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00739860 AU - Gordon, J E AU - Orringer, O AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BRAKING SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS ON THERMAL INPUT TO COMMUTER CAR WHEELS PY - 1997 SP - 64 p. AB - A heat transfer model, previously developed to estimate wheel rim temperatures during tread braking of MU power cars and validated by comparison with operational test results, is extended and appplied to cases involving several different blended brake system configurations. Preliminary and final system configurations defined by the car owner/operator are evaluated. The ability of the selected option to maintain wheel rim temperatures at safe levels is demonstrated. KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Commuter cars KW - Heat transfer KW - System configuration KW - System design KW - Thermal response KW - Thermal stresses KW - Wheel rims UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34500/34554/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-95-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00739862 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING UNDER ISTEA: THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME PY - 1997 SP - 12 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) developed a framework for more productive and safer transportation systems, friendly to both the environment and communities. This booklet offers a glimpse into the experience of the past five years and describes the progress that has been achieved since ISTEA was adopted. It is a review of transportation planning progress to date based on information collected from state and metropolitan agencies across the country. Examples of these advances range from widespread incorporation of improved financial planning in long-range plans and short-range investment programs, to strategic initiatives for engaging citizens in the planning process, and to fuller integration of air quality improvement as a goal of transportation planning. This review identifies and discusses four major categories of results: improved investment decisions; working to improve environmental quality; indispensable partnerships; and service to communities. The results reflect the early positive efforts of state and metropolitan agencies to respond to the concepts advanced in ISTEA. It conveys the message of building on current achievements when considering the shape of things to come. KW - City planning KW - Environmental quality KW - Finance KW - Financial requirements KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573232 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738863 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Weber, F R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. TRANSPORTATION COMMAND: PERSPECTIVES ON THE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 79-82 AB - This paper focuses on intermodalism and the intermodal research framework from the standpoint of the U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM). TRANSCOM is a unified command designated as the Department of Defense's (DOD's) single manager for the Defense Transportation System. On a daily basis, TRANSCOM is engaged in a wide range of activities anywhere in the world. TRANSCOM relies heavily on the commercial sector, which provides 90% of its passenger airlift capacity and 35% of its cargo airlift capacity. Over 50% of its total strategic sealift capacity and nearly 90% of its surface capacity in CONUS, rail, seaports, and motor assets comes from the private sector. A professional partnership between a strong commercial transportation industry and the military is absolutely crucial to national defense. While there are many differences between civilian and military transportation, there are some remarkable similarities, which in many cases outweigh the differences. Industry is concerned with just-in-time delivery of goods; the military is concerned with just-in-time force delivery and sustainment. Industry has learned that to survive it had to enter into partnerships with its shippers and, to some degree, its competitors; DOD is coming to the same conclusion. Both industry and DOD need strategic agility to be successful, and intermodalism is key. From a DOD perspective, there appear to be three major areas of focus within the intermodal framework: infrastructure enhancement of the interface between modes; information technology improvement; and exploitation of the potential of joint planning. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Information technology KW - Infrastructure KW - Interfaces KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Joint planning KW - Military KW - Military organizations KW - National defense KW - Partnerships KW - Research KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575461 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738865 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND POLICY CHALLENGES FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 85-87 AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) recognizes the importance of systemic research to improving the efficiency and the connectivity of the transportation system. However, the problem is that there are factors that make the implementation of this intermodal research vision extremely difficult. It is important to address diverse perspectives and to figure out a strategy for identifying intermodal research that generates useful products for a variety of users. There is a need to search for a way to build "enlightened self-interest", which is convincing your opponents that what you want is what they want. While DOT does have the capacity to lead, those to be led have a choice as to whether they will follow. It is in this area that there is a need to join forces to overcome the narrower interests that provide not just a hindrance but actually a barrier to realizing the intermodal vision. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Problem identification KW - Problem solving KW - Research KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575463 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738866 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Castain, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FORECASTING INTERMODAL MARKETS FROM A MANUFACTURER'S PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 88-90 AB - The problems encountered in developing an intermodal system are discussed from the perspective of a manufacturer trying to supply products that will be needed to make the intermodal movement of freight actually work. Major problems discussed include the lack of standards, product liability, and the lack of an adequate intermodal system definition. The development of the intermodal system is not primarily a technological problem. It is the lack of an adequate system definition that is constraining the growth of the system. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Forecasting KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Liability KW - Markets KW - Problem identification KW - Research KW - Standards KW - System definition UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575464 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738867 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Coogan, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPPORTUNITIES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 91-93 AB - This paper briefly discusses some possible spin-off implications from the logistics revolution for two subjects--passenger intermodalism and public management. The discussion centers on a project called the I-95 Corridor Coalition which is looking at the idea of an advanced passenger information, an intermodal passenger information system. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - Passenger information systems KW - Passenger intermodalism KW - Public management KW - Research KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575465 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738864 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Phillips, J F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND POLICY CHALLENGES FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 83-84 AB - Transportation is critical to reducing overhead costs in Department of Defense (DOD) logistics. In its reengineering effort DOD is expanding the role of privatization and increasing its activities in intermodalism. DOD has conducted several exercises that have proven the worth of intermodalism and intends to support it in policy as well as in practice. DOD considers industry a critical partner in its reengineering effort. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Policy KW - Privatization KW - Research KW - U.S. Department of Defense UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575462 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738862 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EDUCATING AND TRAINING TOMORROW'S TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 76-78 AB - This paper discusses intermodalism from the perspective of transportation education and training. It points out that intermodal transportation is an area in which many trends and changing societal characteristics will greatly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the intermodal movement of people and goods, and that these trends and characteristics also affect education and training in that one of the major responsibilities of the educational system is to make sure that the education today will prepare transportation professionals for the world they will face tomorrow. Four basic categories of knowledge should be provided in an intermodal transportation education: (1) a clear understanding of the function of transportation systems; (2) a sensitivity to the relationships and linkages between transportation and its surroundings, whether they be the natural environment or communities; (3) analytical approaches to solving problems, which includes an understanding of what types of solution strategies are feasible, how they can be analyzed, and the analytical requirements of effective problem solving; and (4) how to implement the recommended strategy. Also, every research project that emanates from programs such as the National Cooperative Highway Research Program or Department of Transportation programs should be required to have an educational module that allows those involved in education and training to incorporate the material into courses. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Research KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575460 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738860 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jackson, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERSPECTIVES ON THE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK: FREIGHT STAKEHOLDERS NATIONAL NETWORK SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 69-72 AB - This paper addresses three topics. The first involves the market forces that impel us to make improvements in our ability to move intermodal freight. The second involves the freight industry's need for partnerships of two types: innovative partnerships in the private sector and effective, targeted partnerships between the private sector and the public sector. This topic is addressed from the perspective of the Freight Stakeholders National Network, which is a coalition of freight carriers and shippers formed to improve freight transportation in our cities. Finally, some observations are offered about elements of the research framework draft, with a view to illustrating the types of partnerships that will enhance intermodalism. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Market development KW - Partnerships KW - Private enterprise KW - Public private partnerships KW - Research KW - Urban goods movement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575458 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738856 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Crowe, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LANDSTAR: AN INDUSTRY AND MARKETPLACE PERSPECTIVE ON INTERMODAL RESEARCH SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 28-30 AB - Landstar Systems, Inc., in the last several years, has made a major move into the intermodal market both through internal development of a drayage company as well as through an acquisition. Therefore, the perspective presented in this paper is not only that of a trucker, but also that of one who believes that the solutions of tomorrow will be found in moving all of the freight by the most efficient provider from point of origin to point of delivery. The following questions are addressed: Are we going to be able to increase an intermodal offering beyond its now present users? Are we going to be able to build a system that becomes truly market driven and time sensitive? U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Industries KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Market development KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575454 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738858 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gansler, J S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REALIZING AN INTERMODAL FUTURE THROUGH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 54-63 AB - In recent years the field of transportation has changed rapidly. A large variety of significant causes can be listed: widespread deregulation, globalization of industry (and the associated internationalization of competition), the explosion of information-age technology, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the rapid growth in commercial and public transportation demands. These are but a few of the more dramatic drivers. It is the compounding effect of these events that is causing the need for rapid changes in America's overall transportation system and in the required actions by its principal participants. Following a discussion of these events and their impacts, this paper addresses the following: Advanced Technology for Twenty-First Century Leadership; Stepping Up to the Public Need; National Security and Twenty-First Century Transportation; Intermodalism as the Key Element; and Intermodal Research and Development (R&D). The paper concludes with four steps that should be taken immediately if the United States is to achieve the desired transportation leadership position at the beginning of the twenty-first century: (1) increased government intermodal R&D funding to industry; (2) centralized oversight and control of R&D for the Department of Transportation; (3) enhanced institutional capability for R&D contracting and systems engineering; and (4) a senior R&D advisory board for the Secretary of Transportation. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Advisory groups KW - Conferences KW - Contracting KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Leadership KW - National security KW - Needs assessment KW - Oversight KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Systems engineering KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575456 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738857 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Alt, R AU - Forster, P W AU - King, J L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE GREAT REVERSAL: INFORMATION AND TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE INTERMODAL VISION SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 31-53 AB - The intermodal vision sees the value-added future of transport in terms of the ability to leverage the huge existing investment in modal transport infrastructure in the service of more efficient and effective logistics management in passenger, freight, and military domains. Intermodalism is not a substitute for modal transport and does not displace the longstanding focus on modal research, development, and infrastructure deployment. It is a complement to modal transport, providing vital leverage to obtain greater use from existing assets and provide useful transport services not previously available. Economic and security forces make greater intermodalism inevitable; the question facing transportation leaders is when and how intermodalism should be developed. Much of the needed research in the intermodal domain extends prior work in the modal domain, but it is especially important that research focus on the changes emerging and necessary in the broader technological and institutional areas of transport. In particular, research is required to apprehend and exploit the potential of sophisticated information infrastructure that is bringing about a "great reversal", in which the ancient dependence of communication and information on the transport infrastructure is being reversed, leading to a time in the near future when most transport will be dependent on the information infrastructure. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575455 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738853 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Strauss-Wieder, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEVELOPING A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 1-12 AB - In March 1996 the Transportation Research Board (TRB) convened 140 prominent professionals from industry, academia, government, and the military to discuss the possibility of developing a framework for intermodal transportation research--one that would respond to a nexus of intermodal interests among three sectors of intermodal activity: the private/commercial sector, the public sector, and the U.S. military. The conference and town hall meeting were designed to review current practices as well as the future vision of these three communities. The event brought together innovators from each of the three sectors to discuss the internal and external forces that are shaping their intermodal logistical activities. The objectives were to: present a preliminary framework for intermodal research issues; suggest that the intermodal future will be most efficiently addressed by a robust partnership involving the world-class U.S. commercial intermodal community, the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and local, state, and international counterparts; obtain a professional critique and input on the framework as a dynamic project rather than a static document; and discuss intermodal strategies aimed at removal of institutional barriers, strategic partnering, technology investment approaches, management of a transport "system", development of intermodal management tools, improving system capacities, and determining responsibilities for funding and carrying out research agenda. The conference was designed to examine and test four basic hypotheses that suggest a rationale for a research framework to study the integrated use of multiple modes of transportation. The four hypotheses were: (1) Integration of Transportation Modes Is Crucial: Intermodalism Adds Value; (2) A Nexus of Interests Has Formed: An Enterprise-Level Response Addresses All Sectors; (3) Complex and Multiple Imperatives Drive the Need: Now Is the Time to Respond; and (4) Coordinated and Collaborative Research Highlight Complementarity: Benefits Are Multiplied. The conference included the presentation of commissioned papers, panel presentations, and open forum discussions. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Governments KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Military KW - Military organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Research KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575451 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738854 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lynn, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DARPA'S ADVANCED LOGISTICS PROGRAM SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 13-22 AB - This paper presents a view of the future of U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) logistics from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) perspective--not what the DOD logistics will look like in the next few years, but a view of where it ought to be a decade or two decades from now. DARPA is a DOD agency that is and always has been strongly focused on military capabilities. DARPA's mission is to develop imaginative, innovative, and other high-risk technology and systems for the military that offer a significant military impact and go well beyond the normal evolutionary developmental approaches. DARPA is beginning a new program this year that focuses on logistics and the complex problems of projecting and sustaining combat power. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - Research KW - U.S. Department of Defense UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575452 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738855 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Downey, M L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 23-27 AB - Integrating our transportation systems with their physical and technological differences, geographic dispersions, different owners, different customers, and different patterns of labor organization will take an ongoing effort that stretches over many years. But that effort, no matter how complex, no matter how demanding, is essential and we need to continue it. We continue to face growing travel demand, inadequate capacity, bottlenecks, poor connections between modes and an aging and deteriorating infrastructure. We cannot take any of that lightly. Intermodalism will help us enable the system users, the military, private shippers, and government transportation agencies to use the best mode or combination of modes to meet their needs in moving people and goods and reduce the burden on system segments, especially when such a strategy is cheaper than major new construction. Doing that means ensuring good compatible connections between modes and providing genuine consumer choice. Government's role in promoting intermodalism has to take different forms. We should continue our efforts at deregulation to end economic distortion. As the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) has mandated, government at all levels must improve their transportation planning process to ensure that the best projects are chosen for investment of federal funds. The federal government can provide leadership in this effort. The creation of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Intermodalism and of a DOT-wide Directorate of Technology Deployment are steps in this direction. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics is intermodal in its orientation and available to provide data that are useful for all modes and all sectors. DOT is also devoting increasingly greater proportions of its research to intermodal topics and to programs that transcend the modes. DOT believes it is critical to shift some of our research resources into the soft side, that is, into policy and institutional research. Through the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) barriers to local-level intermodal planning and operations are being identified. DOT is acting to improve data availability on all aspects of system performance and for the systems that collect and distribute these data. This is essential for effective intermodal planning and decision making in both government and business. DOT is providing educational and training assistance. Both the National Transit Institute and the National Highway Institute support intermodal programs that offer training and employee development in areas across the traditional lines. The Rural Transit Assistance and the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program also provide extensive intermodal training and technical assistance. DOT is undertaking extensive outreach on research issues through the Volpe Center in Cambridge and through the Turner Fairbanks Center in the Washington area. All of these efforts contribute to an intermodal research agenda that is technological, institutional, informational, and educational. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Data availability KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Education KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Policy analysis KW - Policy studies KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Socioeconomic development KW - Training KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575453 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738852 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEVELOPING A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION. PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE ON SETTING AN INTERMODAL RESEARCH FRAMEWORK, WASHINGTON, D.C., MARCH 4-5, 1996 SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - 103 p. AB - The conference on Setting an Intermodal Research Framework brought together a distinguished assembly of public officials, academicians, commercial leaders, and military specialists. During the conference, each of these groups of professionals found noteworthy synergies in their intermodal interests. Papers contained in these proceedings reflect those synergies. The conference was another step toward a strengthened intermodal partnership. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575450 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738859 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Borrone, L C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - 1996 ISTEA REPORT CARD: BUILDING ON THE FOUNDATION SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 64-68 AB - This paper comments on the following research and development (R&D) aspects of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA): the scope of the R&D that ISTEA authorized; an assessment of the actual work that has been done so far; and a framework for evaluating future R&D efforts that was developed last year by a joint National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) and Transportation Research Board (TRB) Forum on Future Directions in Transportation R&D. Concluding comments concern where we need to go in the future as transportation professionals in both logistics and defense, as well as in service provision. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575457 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00738861 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nober, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. CONGRESSIONAL STAFF PERSPECTIVES ON THE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK SN - 0309059682 PY - 1997 IS - 12 SP - p. 73-75 AB - The National Transportation and Research Program was authorized as part of the overall transportation law back in 1991 in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). That law expires on June 20, 1997. The primary work of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee in the second session of the 104th Congress and in the next session will be reauthorizing all of the nation's transportation programs. This paper looks at the federal commitment to research under ISTEA and the growth in the size of the Department of Transportation (DOT) research program over the last 5 years. It points out that, from the perspective of members of Congress, the primary question is, "What have been the benefits from the program?" Conference participants are urged to keep their eyes on the forest as opposed to the trees, and to look at and make the case for the overall size of the program, make the national case for transportation, make the national case for research, make the national case for funding defense programs, and make the case for the national defense interest in transportation infrastructure. U1 - National Conference on Developing a Research Framework for Intermodal TransportationFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment of TransportationDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDepartment of DefenseWashington, D.C. StartDate:19960304 EndDate:19960305 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Government funding KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - National defense KW - Reauthorization KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/575459 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737961 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Polley, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS DATA IN JOBS-HOUSING BALANCE STUDIES: SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 138-142 AB - The San Luis Obispo County Jobs-Housing Balance Study was developed to analyze the relationship among jobs, housing, and work-related transportation for the small urbanized area encompassing San Luis Obispo County. The complexities of defining and quantifying the relationship between jobs and housing required extensive research and analysis of several issues. In this case study the important role that census data played in defining and quantifying this relationship is discussed. In addition, some of the limitations, problems, and problem solutions in working with census data are identified, and the important role of census data in planning for small urbanized areas is examined. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Housings KW - Jobs KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Regional transportation KW - San Luis Obispo County (California) KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-014.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574906 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737963 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Christopher, E J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS DATA USE IN ILLINOIS BY SMALL METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 155-163 AB - This paper is one of a series in these proceedings documenting the uses of census data by the transportation community in Illinois. The focus in this paper is on uses of census data, specifically the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP), by the smaller metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), those serving areas other than Chicago and St. Louis. The other papers in this series discuss census data uses by the Chicago Area Transportation Study (a large MPO), by transit planners, and by the research and academic community. The use of the CTPP has not been extensive in the state's smaller MPOs. The data are used most often for the development of trip generation models and to provide descriptive statistics on various demographic and travel trends. One major reason for this lack of use was the timing and delivery of the package, which has yet to be delivered in personal computer form. The smaller MPOs cannot process the data tape packages. For example, in 1980, other than the two largest MPOs, Chicago and St. Louis, only one smaller MPO, Peoria, even purchased the package. In all fairness it needs to be pointed out that the smaller MPOs, which for the most part are part of larger comprehensive planning organizations, are indeed heavy users of census data as they relate to their other planning functions. There is also a strong expectation that once the Urban Element has been distributed on CD-ROM, the MPOs will begin to explore its uses and begin applying the data. All the MPOs in the state noted that the CTPP was an important component to their transportation model development, which is ongoing at this time. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Applications KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Illinois KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-016.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574908 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737959 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pierce, D L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS DATA IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, RUTLAND COUNTY, VERMONT SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 123-131 AB - Recent experiences are described of a predominantly rural regional planning organization that is using data from the U.S. census for transportation planning purposes. These experiences include analyzing the statewide Census Transportation Planning Package to reveal journey-to-work trip patterns and to improve the calibration of the region's newly developed traffic forecasting model. In light of the planning organization's limited budget and staff, census transportation data proved essential to the timely completion of these tasks. The data also significantly increased policy makers' understanding of transportation issues and, when used in a "fratar" technique, vastly improved the usefulness of the traffic model. In general, any limitations of the census transportation data were easily overcome or were small relative to their advantages. Experience suggests that the Census Bureau should consider release of Urban Element data for very small metropolitan areas in the future. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Calibration KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Conferences KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Regional transportation KW - Rutland County (Vermont) KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-012.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574904 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737965 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Young, S E AU - Miller, R W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USES OF CENSUS DATA IN KANSAS SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 179-184 AB - The recent uses of decennial census data within the Bureau of Transportation Planning of the Kansas Department of Transportation are overviewed, and one project pertaining to travel times in the Wichita metropolitan area is presented in detail as a case study. The presentation of the projects, which includes the identification of the census products and software tools used, serves as the foundation to discuss problems and possible solutions encountered in processing census data. The paper is divided into three parts. First is a quick overview of projects for which census data have served as the main source. Second is the presentation of the Wichita travel-time case study, which is an excellent example of both the use of the census data in transportation planning and the difficulties involved in processing census data. Last is a general discussion of tools needed to access and present census data, which census products are found pertinent to transportation planning, and what products the planning staff at Kansas Department of Transportation would like to see in the future, including content and format of the 2000 census as well as accessibility to past census data on CD-ROM. The paper concludes with a list of recommendations. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 2000 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data accessibility KW - Data uses KW - Information processing KW - Kansas KW - Problem identification KW - Problem solving KW - Products KW - Recommendations KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Wichita (Kansas) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-018.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574910 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737964 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wade, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WISCONSIN'S TRANSLINKS 21 MULTIMODAL PLAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR CENSUS DATA NEEDS SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 167-178 AB - This case study provides the intercity elements of Wisconsin's Translinks 21 Multimodal Plan. The intercity passenger and freight forecasting techniques utilized are described in some detail. The case study is used to highlight data needs met by the decennial census and other Census Bureau data-gathering efforts. The discussion concludes by stressing the importance of the timely provision of census data to support ongoing state-level modal and multimodal planning activities. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Data uses KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Information organization KW - Intercity transportation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Passenger transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-017.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574909 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737966 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Erlbaum, N S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - APPLICATION OF CENSUS DATA TO TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AT NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 185-198 AB - The use of census and transportation data products by the Planning Data Analysis Group (PDAG) at the New York State Department of Transportation is examined. PDAG's experience as both data provider and data user, the types of outreach efforts employed, typical data requests, and products developed and how they helped end users are described. The importance of census data to planning activities is highlighted through specific application examples that address travel access to a primary urban core, the use of census data for regional comprehensive planning, and the use of census data and geographic information systems for transit planning. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Access KW - Applications KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Geographic information systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - New York (State) KW - Planning KW - Products KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-019.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574911 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737960 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Blanton, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SMALL-AREA APPLICATIONS USING 1990 CENSUS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE: GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 132-137 AB - The 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) was a valuable resource for the Gainesville Urbanized Area during the recently completed development and adoption of the 2020 Transportation Plan. The CTPP provided detailed information about socioeconomic and travel characteristics that was unavailable from other sources. These data were of value during several stages of development of the plan, which was adopted by the Gainesville Urbanized Area metropolitan planning organization on December 14, 1995. A case study of how the CTPP was used for the Gainesville Urbanized Area in its long-range transportation planning efforts is presented. The focus is on how the CTPP was used to validate the travel demand model in preparation for the development and evaluation of multimodal alternatives for the Gainesville Urbanized Area 2020 Transportation Plan. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Gainesville (Florida) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Validation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574905 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737962 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Poorman, J P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS DATA IN DEVELOPING NEW TOOLS FOR CAPITAL DISTRICT TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE NEW VISIONS PROCESS SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 143-154 AB - The Capital District Transportation Committee (CDTC) is the designated metropolitan planning organization (MPO) for the four counties that include the Albany-Schenectady-Troy (New York) Urbanized Area. In its three-year effort, New Visions, to produce its next regional transportation plan, CDTC has relied upon guidance from the nine task forces of subject-specific stakeholders. Subjects such as land use impacts of transportation policy have taken center stage in the New Visions discussions and have required development or refinement of existing analytic procedures, each with its own data demands. In this work, census information has served a valuable role alongside other data sources in supporting new analytical capabilities. Among a wide range of census data applications, three analytical developments that employ census material warrant particular attention. First, to explore major transit investment possibilities, the CDTC staff developed and calibrated a sophisticated mode choice model in a short amount of time by combining available census demographic and journey-to-work information with Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey data, local household travel survey data, and transit on-board survey information. Second, to support examinations of alternative land use and transportation policies, the CDTC staff used time-series census data along with other information to develop and calibrate a land use pivot model. Third, to allow statistical comparison of community indicators among groups of communities (central cities, villages and small cities, inner suburbs, outer suburbs, rural areas), the CDTC staff packaged readily available census information with other information into a documentation of Community Quality of Life. These applications are representative of the value of census information in supporting the demands of innovative planning exercises. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Capital District Transportation Committee KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Land use models KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Mode choice KW - Quality of life KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574907 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737947 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: CASE STUDIES AND STRATEGIES FOR 2000. PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, APRIL 28 - MAY 1, 1996. VOLUME 2: CASE STUDIES SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - 204 p. AB - These proceedings document the second Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning to be held since the 1990 census. It is the fifth in a series of related conferences (1970, 1973, 1984, and 1994). This volume, Volume 2, contains most of the case studies, organized into the following areas: Large Metropolitan Areas; Transit; Private Sector; Small Metropolitan Areas; and State Departments of Transportation. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574892 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737952 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Limoges, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPROVEMENT OF DECENNIAL CENSUS SMALL-AREA EMPLOYMENT DATA: METHOD TO ASSIGN LAND USE CLASSES TO WORKERS SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 47-57 AB - The 1990 census collected data on a wide variety of demographic characteristics, including employment. The census recognized three dimensions of kind of work or job activity: industrial class, the overall purpose of the employing organization; occupational class, the kind of work done in the individual job; and class of worker, the relationship between the organization's ownership and the employed person. However, there is a fourth dimension of job activity, land use, which is not recognized by the decennial census. Nonresidential land use classes describe the nature of economic activities and facilities occurring as individual establishments. Major land use classes include office, commercial, institutional, industrial, as well as others. The Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) has obtained a special cross-tabulation of 1990 census data on workers by zone of work. A method has been developed at SEMCOG that uses industrial class and occupational class in conjunction to assign land use class to workers. This method allows the linking of census demographic characteristics to the land use class of the workplace, and thereby to noncensus data on land use characteristics; to the spatial distribution of nonresidential land uses that these data describe; and to the locational determinants that underlie these patterns. SEMCOG has used the method to assign land use classes to 1990 census employment data. Testing and improvement of the method are continuing. The indispensability of decennial census data on employment for analytical and planning purposes is emphasized, and a proposal is made to incorporate the land use assignment method into the procedures for Census 2000. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Assignments KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Employment KW - Land use classes KW - Methodology KW - Southeast Michigan Council of Governments KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574897 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737953 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Purvis, C L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USES OF CENSUS DATA IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA CASE STUDY SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 58-67 AB - This case study is an update of a resource paper prepared for the 1994 Conference on Decennial Census Data and Transportation Planning. It focuses on the uses of census data in transportation planning activities in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. Attention is paid to the use of decennial census data in various planning analysis activities, including general descriptive analyses, estimation of disaggregate and aggregate travel demand models, market segmentation in travel demand model forecasting systems, and the validation of demographic and travel model simulations. The discussion covers where the census data are critical for the application and where the census data are desirable but perhaps not required for the application. The various census products that are used in the Bay Area--the standard Summary Tape Files, the Public Use Microdata Sample, the Census Transportation Planning Package, and special tabulations--are discussed within the context of the various planning analysis activities occurring in the Bay Area. Recommendations and expectations for Census 2000 are provided. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 2000 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Demand KW - Estimating KW - Estimation theory KW - Market segmented groups KW - Recommendations KW - San Francisco Bay Area KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Validation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-006.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574898 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737949 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Soot, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS DATA USE IN ILLINOIS BY RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC COMMUNITY SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 12-20 AB - This paper is one in a series of four that document the uses of the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) data by the transportation community in Illinois. The focus in this paper is on the work performed by those conducting basic research or acting as a consultant to a client. Other papers in this series address the work conducted by small and large metropolitan planning organizations and by the transit community. The CTPP has been used extensively by the research and academic community over the last two decades. The 1970 Urban Transportation Planning Package was used in numerous studies, but the focus of this paper is on the use of the 1990 CTPP. At least one major study is ongoing that examines the changes inherent from the 1970 to the 1990 planning packages, and several studies are discussed that examined the changes from 1980 to 1990. Nine different applications of the CTPP at five different institutions are documented. The applications are quite varied and include studies of Chicago as well as of smaller metropolitan areas throughout Illinois. Most are transportation studies, but there are also numerous uses of the package because of its readily available information on employment by small area. The researchers uniformly indicated that their work could not have been performed in its present form, and in most cases could not have been performed at all, without the CTPP. The CTPP is indeed a very useful source of data for a variety of studies using small-area zones. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Applications KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Illinois KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574894 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737956 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hodges, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - APPLICATION OF CENSUS COMMUTING DATA IN SPECIFICATION OF LIFE-STYLE CLUSTERS BY PLACE OF WORK SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 103-111 AB - Life-style cluster segmentation systems are among the more popular products provided by commercial data suppliers. However, because these systems are based on the demographic composition of an area's residential population, they often suggest little about the population employed in the area. This paper describes how a special tabulation of 1990 census journey-to-work data was used to adapt a residence-based cluster segmentation product for use with the workplace population. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Life styles KW - Transportation planning KW - Work trips KW - Workplaces UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574901 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737951 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Limoges, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPROVEMENT OF DECENNIAL CENSUS SMALL-AREA EMPLOYMENT DATA: NEW METHODS TO ALLOCATE UNGEOCODABLE WORKERS SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 33-46 AB - The Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG), like any other agency involved in general and transportation planning, makes extensive, continuous use of decennial census data products. Standard products meet most of SEMCOG's data needs. When they do not, special tabulations have been purchased from the Census Bureau. In connection with SEMCOG's latest forecast, special tabulations of 1980 and 1990 census data were obtained, each including a tabulation of housing units and households by traffic analysis zone (TAZ) of residence and a tabulation of workers by TAZ of work. The worker data included a cross-tabulation by industrial class and occupational class. In response to puzzling industrial class mixes at the TAZ level found earlier in the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP), the special tabulations separated geocoded workers from allocated workers. (The Census Bureau uses worker allocation to assign tract and block numbers to workers whose workplace addresses cannot be geocoded to tract and block.) Subsequent mapping of geocoded workers by TAZ evidenced high quality, but allocated workers showed questionable distributions. SEMCOG decided to develop its own reallocation method that accepted Census Bureau county assignment, geocoded or allocated, and place geocoding. The method was applied to workers needing allocation, using as a base the workers geocoded to tract and block by detailed industrial class and occupational class. A comparison of TAZ employment by detailed industrial class demonstrates that workers reallocated by SEMCOG replicate the Census Bureau geocoded pattern much better than do workers allocated by the Census Bureau. A new, comprehensive allocation method is proposed for the 2000 census. The new method would combine features of the current Census Bureau allocation and SEMCOG reallocation methods, and add the demarcation of commuting origin and destination areas. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Allocation methods KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Employees KW - Geographic information systems KW - Origin and destination KW - Southeast Michigan Council of Governments KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574896 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737958 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sinclair, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SERVICES FOR USE OF CENSUS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 116-119 AB - Working extensively with the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP), JHK & Associates, under contract to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), developed and taught the Census Applications Workshops in 1991. The goals of the workshops were to inform transportation professionals about the availability and applications of the CTPP data and to provide hands-on experience with the data. The workshops were conducted in over 30 cities throughout the country with an average of 30 participants in each (about 900 transportation professionals attended). The workshops are no longer being conducted; however, a CTPP Handbook is available from FHWA that documents the topics covered and includes the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet templates that participants used. A brochure and a video oriented toward managers and nontechnical staff that provide an overview of the CTPP and its uses are also available from FHWA. Because interest in the workshops continues to be strong, FHWA and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics have contracted with JHK to offer CTPP Urban Element technical assistance. Also detailed are other uses by the firm of census data, including the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) File. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Private enterprise KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-011.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574903 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737954 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stuart, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSIT PLANNING APPLICATIONS: CHICAGO REGION SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 71-83 AB - Eleven different applications are described in which 1990 census data are being used in ongoing Chicago-area transit planning. The relevance of census data for each application and whether the application could have been successfully carried out without such data are also discussed. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Applications KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574899 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737955 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Myers, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CHANGES OVER TIME IN TRANSPORTATION MODE FOR JOURNEY TO WORK: EFFECTS OF AGING AND IMMIGRATION SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 84-99 AB - The changing commuting behavior of immigrants in Southern California is studied. Using 1980 and 1990 census data, trends in transportation mode are analyzed for cohorts of immigrants defined by age and recency of arrival in the United States. Cohorts are further identified by sex and race-ethnicity. The study finds that recent immigrants are far more reliant on public transit, but after they gain an additional 10 years of residence in the United States, their transit use falls markedly. The change is especially sharp in the case of women, who increase their rate of solo car driving noticeably. The implication is that sustained high immigration bolsters the ridership base of public transit and reduces traffic congestion. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1980 Census KW - 1990 Census KW - Age groups KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Commuters KW - Conferences KW - Ethnic groups KW - Gender KW - Immigrants KW - Public transit KW - Race KW - Ridership KW - Southern California KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574900 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737948 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zakaria, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONVERSION AND USE OF 1990 CENSUS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE IN THE DELAWARE VALLEY REGION SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 3-11 AB - An analysis of the 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) for the Delaware Valley Region is given, with special emphasis on journey-to-work trips, employment, mode of transportation to work, travel time, vehicle ownership, employed persons, and other socioeconomic data essential to transportation planning and travel forecasting. A review of the CTPP computer tapes and data showed some problems with programming, sampling, and bias, which were resolved before the data were used as a base for trend analysis, travel simulation, highway and transit project studies, strategic planning, and economic development. The CTPP information should be adjusted before it is used for transportation planning. The errors in the 1990 CTPP data are generally small, but the package shows no improvement over the presentation of the 1980 data. Most of the 1990 CTPP problems can be avoided in the future if the recommendations made in this paper are considered in Census 2000. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - 2000 Census KW - Adjustment factors KW - Adjustments KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Conferences KW - Delaware Valley KW - Employment KW - Errors KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Recommendations KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel by mode KW - Travel modes KW - Travel time KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574893 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737950 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Christopher, E J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS DATA USE IN ILLINOIS BY A LARGE METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 21-32 AB - This paper is the second in a series of four that document the uses of census data by the transportation community in Illinois. It focuses on the use by the largest metropolitan planning organization (MPO) in the state--the Chicago Area Transportation Study (CATS)--of the Census Transportation Planning Package. The other papers in this series discuss the uses of the census data by smaller MPOs, transit planners, and the research and academic community. CATS has had a rich history working with the census data, specifically the journey-to-work data. However, unlike smaller MPOs, CATS has used the census data as an adjunct to supplement its own travel surveys. In general terms, these uses have included factoring and adjusting other surveys, producing descriptive reports, conducting special studies and analyses, and developing models. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Adjustment factors KW - Adjustments KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Census Transportation Planning Package KW - Chicago Area Transportation Study KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Illinois KW - Mathematical models KW - Reports KW - Studies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel surveys KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574895 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737957 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Loudon, W R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USES OF CENSUS TRANSPORTATION DATA BY COMSIS CORPORATION SN - 0309059704 PY - 1997 VL - 2 IS - 13 SP - p. 112-115 AB - Over the years COMSIS has developed a number of products related to the census as well as other census-related applications. Working with information from 1970, 1980, and 1990, COMSIS has developed many products that are of direct use to both transportation practitioners and policy makers, including technical reports, training materials, trend and factoring information, and topological geographic information. Through technical committee representation and conference presentations, COMSIS has provided extensive insight into the use of the census data. More specifically, COMSIS has provided guidance in the use of census data as related to transportation planning and travel forecasting. This information is integral to the development of travel models and the understanding of work trip making in a specific region. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Private enterprise KW - Products KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v2-010.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574902 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734689 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Salopek, P A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. CENSUS 2000 TEST SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 76-78 AB - The U.S. Census 2000 Test, also known as the 1996 National Content Survey (NCS), is part of the Content Determination Process for the Census 2000. Census Day for the test was Saturday, March 2, 1996. Thirteen different questionnaires, seven short forms (100% items), and six long (sample) forms were tested. The long forms were targeted to collect responses from a national sample of about 4,200 housing units each. Four of the six sample questionnaires contained journey-to-work data. This paper briefly describes each of the forms containing journey-to-work items (DS-2A; DS-2D; DS-2E; and DS-2F). U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1996 National content survey KW - 2000 Census KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Forms (Documents) KW - Questionnaires KW - Transportation planning KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-012.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481503 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734691 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sosslau, A B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP REPORT: USES OF 1990 CENSUS DATA SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 85-88 AB - This is a report of the findings of the conference workshop on the use of 1990 census data. The four issues discussed were as follows: What has been the experience in using the 1990 census data for transportation planning? What problems have limited your agency's use of census data? Which agencies have relied on the data, and to what extent? Which products are most useful and which were not useful? U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-014.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481505 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734685 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Loudon, W R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF CASE STUDIES ON USES OF 1990 CENSUS DATA: THE PRIVATE SECTOR SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 42-45 AB - This review of the private sector role in the use of census data answers the following questions: Do those in the private sector support and facilitate the use of census data? Do they provide supplemental data? Do they supply data that might be a substitute if the journey-to-work data or other census data were not available? Do the private-sector companies rely on the journey-to-work data for their business practice? The case studies come from the following private sector organizations: Caliper Corporation; Claritas, Inc.; Dun and Bradstreet; Environmental System Research Institute; JHK & Associates; and COMSIS Corporation. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Private enterprise KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481499 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734687 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Covil, J L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF CASE STUDIES ON USES OF 1990 CENSUS DATA: STATE DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 59-65 AB - Case studies from four states were reviewed with regard to the uses of census data by the state transportation departments. The four states are Kentucky, Wisconsin, Kansas, and New York. The following lessons were learned: (1) there are far more applications involving census data than it was possible to review; (2) because census data are available, transportation planners know a lot more about those factors that influence trip-making characteristics and choices than they would know otherwise; (3) because census data are available, a better job of transportation planning is accomplished; (4) consistent, universal coverage is one of the most valuable characteristics of the census data; (5) if the census data were not available, it would require extraordinary efforts to obtain information on a case-by-case basis; and (6) although it is clear that some changes are appropriate to improve transportation planning capabilities even more, if census data were not available or there were a decline in the quality and comprehensiveness of census transportation data, transportation planners most likely would not do much of the transportation planning that is undertaken today. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-010.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481501 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734679 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pisarski, A E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: CASE STUDIES AND STRATEGIES FOR 2000. PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, APRIL 28 - MAY 1, 1996. VOLUME 1. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 3-10 AB - The structure of the 1996 conference on the 2000 census took a different tack than in past conferences. Because it had the benefit of the 1994 conference's conclusions, the 1996 conference was able to spend less time on fact finding and focus more on key areas: updating experience with the 1990 census, refining quality improvements needed, and then focusing strongly on alternatives facing the transportation profession for the year 2000. This "Summary and Recommendations" begins with a brief synopsis of the 1994 conference and the following two years, and from this synopsis elicits a number of conclusions about the context of the present conference. This is followed by listings of general findings, specific findings, and recommendations. The recommendations are directed to the following organizations: the Bureau of the Census; the U.S. Department of Transportation; States; metropolitan planning organizations; the Transportation Research Board data committees; the private sector; and Congress. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 2000 Census KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481493 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734680 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Murakami, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF 1990 CENSUS DATA USES AND NATIONAL EXPERIENCE SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 13-18 AB - There were two important outcomes from the 1994 conference. The first is the "Census Mapbook for Transportation Planning" (FHWA, Dec. 1994). The second is the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' "Implications of Continuous Measurement for the Uses of Census Data in Transportation Planning" (April 1996). Journey-to-work travel still represents the largest segment of daily long-distance trips, excluding vacation trips. In 1990, the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) estimated that the average work trip was 9.5 miles and accounted for 36% of the vehicle miles of travel in urbanized areas. Thus, understanding the journey to work is still very important in transportation planning, even if the census questionnaire does not include all daily travel. In terms of uses of census data at the national level, three come to mind: national consistency, household travel surveys, and transit markets. The remainder of this paper examines the use of census data in each of these three areas. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Households KW - National consistency KW - Transit markets KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel surveys KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481494 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734683 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sosslau, A B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF CASE STUDIES ON USES OF 1990 CENSUS DATA: LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 31-36 AB - This paper summarizes the uses of 1990 census data along with user experiences and recommendations for the year 2000 as reported in the case studies for large metropolitan areas presented at this conference. These case studies, which may be found in Volume 2 of the proceedings, tend to be different in terms of emphasis, which makes them all the more interesting. The case studies are from the following large metropolitan area agencies: Baltimore Metropolitan Council; Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission; Chicago Area Transportation Study, University of Illinois, and Chicago Transit Authority; Southeast Michigan Council of Governments; and Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area). U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-006.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481497 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734690 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fulton, P N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESULTS OF THE BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS STUDY OF CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 79-81 AB - The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) study of continuous measurement was begun in mid-1994 and concluded in early 1995. The findings from that study are reported in "Implications of Continuous Measurement for the Uses of Census Data in Transportation Planning" (April 1996). This paper briefly describes the purpose of the study, the continuous measurement system, the design and method of study, and general findings of the study. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Continuous measurement KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481504 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734681 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Riche, M F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS FUTURE PROGRAM SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 19-24 AB - This paper begins with the reasons why a census is taken--there are 4 reasons and to produce journey-to-work data is not one of them--then comments briefly on what the first Director of the census (Thomas Jefferson) had to say about the 1790 census. The paper then describes in detail how the Bureau of the Census intends to conduct the 2000 census. The strategy involves four elements: partnership, simplicity, technology, and statistical methods. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 2000 Census KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481495 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734692 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Salopek, P A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP REPORT: QUALITY OF DATA, NEEDS, AND IMPROVEMENT OF 2000 CENSUS PRODUCTS SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 89-94 AB - This is a report of the findings of the conference workshop on the quality of decennial census data, data needs by the transportation planning community, and the improvements that should be made to products from the 2000 census. The issues discussed were as follows: What data are needed to address current and emerging transportation issues and to what extent can the year 2000 decennial census support those needs? What improvements or changes to census data are needed? How should users be provided data? What is necessary to ensure maximum use of data? An additional question, determined to be not an issue for discussion but a question to be addressed to the Census Bureau, was: If Data items and tabulations are reduced, can more timely delivery of (or access to) the information be achieved? U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 2000 Census KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data files KW - Data needs KW - Data quality KW - Improvements KW - Information organization KW - Reliability KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481506 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734677 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: CASE STUDIES AND STRATEGIES FOR 2000. PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, APRIL 28 - MAY 1, 1996. VOLUME 1 SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - 112 p. AB - These proceedings document the second Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning to be held since the 1990 census. It is the fifth in a series of related conferences (1970, 1973, 1984, and 1994). This volume, Volume 1, contains the following: Introductory Remarks, C.L. Purvis; Summary and Recommendations, A.E. Pisarski; Opening Session presentations (3); Summary of Case Studies on Uses of 1990 Census Data (5); Plenary Sessions (3); Workshop Reports (2); an Appendix containing Facsimiles of the Journey-to-Work Questions; and a list of conference participants. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481491 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734678 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Purvis, C L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: CASE STUDIES AND STRATEGIES FOR 2000. PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, APRIL 28 - MAY 1, 1996. VOLUME 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 1-2 AB - These introductory remarks list the conference objectives and provide an overview of the contents of Volumes 1 and 2 of the conference proceedings. References are given for the proceedings of the previous conferences in this series. It is pointed out that conference participants were generally concerned yet intrigued with the notion of continuous measurement as a parallel process to the traditional, yet improved, census long form. It is also noted that there was a general endorsement of the recommendations and findings from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics study on continuous measurement and transportation planning (April 1996), and that participants were supportive of the Census Bureau goals for a Census 2000 that is "faster, less costly, and more accurate" and were mindful of the fiscal considerations for planning Census 2000 and the implications for transportation data collection budgets, given the number of different alternatives suggested for the coming census. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 2000 Census KW - Accuracy KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Cost control KW - Planning KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481492 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734686 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dueker, K J AU - Wuest, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF CASE STUDIES ON USES OF 1990 CENSUS DATA: SMALL METROPOLITAN AREAS SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 46-58 AB - This summary reviews the case studies submitted to this conference on the use of census data in transportation planning for small Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), especially the 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Statewide Element; identifies some of the common issues in terms of usefulness of the CTPP; outlines some of the major obstacles in the use of the CTPP; provides examples of the type of analysis that can be done with the currently available data; covers the strengths and weaknesses of the current format and availability of census data; and reviews suggestions for improving both the quality and use of the data. The case studies are from the following MPOs: Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments; San Luis Obispo Council of Governments; Santa Barbara County Association of Governments; Rutland Regional Planning Commission; Metropolitan Transportation Planning Organization for Gainesville Urbanized Area; Capital District Transportation Committee; and nine small MPOs from around the state of Illinois. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481500 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734688 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wickstrom, G AU - Murakami, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ALTERNATIVE DATA COLLECTION OPTIONS SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 69-75 AB - The current recommendation from the Census Bureau to Congress is for Census 2000 to include in the traditional long-form survey those data items used in transportation planning, such as income, vehicle availability, and journey to work information, and to begin full implementation of the continuous measurement process in 1999. In the review of alternatives to the census during this conference, two primary directions were discussed: (1) Replacing the long-form survey with the continuous measurement process - the Census Bureau has developed an ongoing survey program that has the potential to replace the long-form data with 3- or 5-year accumulations of data for small geographic units and with annual data for large geographic units; and (2) Losing the long-form data altogether - Congress is in a budget-cutting mood, and it is still unclear whether the long-form data will be included in Census 2000 or whether continuous measurement will be implemented beginning in 1999. The implications of these possible directions are discussed in this paper, along with the following alternatives to the long-form survey: replace the long-form survey with continuous measurement as used in the American Community Survey; expand the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey; conduct regional household surveys; conduct workplace surveys; conduct on-board transit surveys; and use secondary data sources, such as motor vehicle registrations and employment security files. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 2000 Census KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Options KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-011.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481502 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734682 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Loudon, W R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CENSUS JOURNEY-TO-WORK LONG-FORM SURVEY: DOES IT SUPPORT STATE AND METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING? SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 25-28 AB - This paper, to help in structuring the collective thinking of the conference participants, provides a perspective on how census data currently support the transportation planning process, and looks at how data needs are changing and how the journey-to-work data might address these emerging data needs. In summary, it appears that the census journey-to-work survey provides data that are valuable to the planning and programming process for transportation projects in states and metropolitan areas. The data are becoming more valuable to a broader range of agencies as a result of the subtle and not-so-subtle influences of the Clean Air Act and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The journey-to-work survey is not perfect, but supplemental data factors can be applied to correct the flaws. Emerging data needs appear to also further underscore the need for a transportation survey connected with the Census of Population. Finally, replacement of the data on a consistent national basis with equal coverage of household characteristics would be enormously more expensive if done independent of the census. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Census KW - Clean Air Act KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Information organization KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Transportation planning KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481496 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00734684 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Friedman, T W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUMMARY OF CASE STUDIES ON USES OF 1990 CENSUS DATA: TRANSIT SN - 0309059658 PY - 1997 VL - 1 IS - 13 SP - p. 37-41 AB - Case studies on transit uses of census data involving several geographic study areas are summarized here. This summary covers study objectives, how the data were used, and what data were used. The methodology, some of the tasks that were covered and some of the problems, and recommendations of the authors are noted. The case studies are from the following locations: New Orleans; Los Angeles; New Jersey; Cleveland; Southern California; and Chicago. U1 - Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning: Case Studies and Strategies for 2000Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19960428 EndDate:19960501 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - 1990 Census KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data uses KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1997/cp13/cp13v1-007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/481498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207230 AU - Askey, T Sheridan AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - Safety of High Speed Ground Transportation Systems - Human Factors Phase II: Design and Evaluation of Decision Aids for Control of High-Speed Trains; Experiments and Model PY - 1996/12//Final Report SP - 152p AB - Although the speed of some guided ground transportation systems continues to increase, the reaction time and the sensory and information processing capacities of railroad personnel remain constant. This second report in a series examining critical human factors issues in future high-speed rail systems, describes the design and evaluation of computer-based decision aids to compensate for the increased demands on locomotive engineers. (The next report will explore increasing control automation.) Three concepts of aiding, referred to as preview, predictive, and advisory aiding, were integrated into two displays and compared with a conventional high-speed cab environment. Experimental evaluations were conducted on the high-speed-rail simulator developed at the Department of Transportation's Volpe Center for Human Factors Research. Results show that the decision aids improved safety by reducing both reaction times to emergency events and the need for emergency braking. Schedule adherence, station-stopping accuracy, and, with advisory aiding, energy consumption improved. Concerns that aiding may induce higher visual workload were allayed both empirically and via subjective questionnaires, where the advanced displays were consistently rated lower on workload-related measures. A high-speed train locomotive engineer model was developed to evaluate decision aids in a less costly model-in-the-loop simulation. The findings of the human-in-the-loop evaluation were confirmed. KW - Decision making KW - High speed rail KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Human in the loop simulation KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad traffic control KW - Workload UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33639/33639.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738715 AU - Aylward, A D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION PY - 1996/12 SP - 62 p. AB - This paper describes the various advance technologies already in use in the intermodal freight transportation industry and addresses the opportunity for improved communication between the public and private sector regarding technology applications to the freight transportation system that could enhance the capacity of the system as a whole. The current public interest in freight transportation policy creates an opportunity to develop a shared vision of the future needs of international intermodal freight transportation in the U.S. The federal government can impact this vision by taking action in the following areas: provide infrastructure funding to support efficiency and global competitiveness; support regional and corridor efforts; understand the freight sector and develop a shared vision of technology benefits; lead transportation technology efforts of federal agencies, and maintain commitment to open ITS architecture. KW - Freight transportation KW - Governments KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - Private enterprise KW - Technology sharing KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738587 AU - Shapiro, P S AU - Katzman, M G AU - Hughes, W E AU - Bellomo-McGee, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - INTERMODAL GROUND ACCESS TO AIRPORTS: A PLANNING GUIDE PY - 1996/12 SP - 227 p. AB - This guide is designed for use by airport, state, local, and metropolitan planners to manage and plan for intermodal ground access for all types of airports. It identifies key components of an airport access work program and contains detailed sections on airport groundside access planning methods, including data collection methods and analysis, survey strategies, identification of current travel patterns and emerging trends, forecasting techniques, estimating modal split, evaluation of alternatives, and implementation. The guide focuses on providing passengers access to commercial airports from primary origins or destinations. It deals with: off-airport roads, transit and HOV facilities up to airport boundary; and on-airport roads, parking circulation elements, transit and curb facilities up to the terminal entrance. Guidance for conducting passenger origin-destination surveys is included. Sample questionnaires for various types of surveys are included in the appendices. This guide compiles information from other sources and presents this information so that it can be used to systematically analyze airport access problems and alternative solutions. KW - Airport access KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Ground transportation KW - Intermodal services KW - Origin and destination UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00732394 AU - Gross, M AU - Feldman, R N AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 1997 PY - 1996/12 SP - 352 p. AB - National Transportation Statistics is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportation modes - air, automobile, bus, truck, transit, rail, water, and pipeline. The NTS is divided into four chapters and several appendices. Chapter 1 of this document presents statistics about the extent of the physical network; travel and goods movement; vehicle, aircraft, and vessel inventories, as well as the condition and performance of the system. Chapter 2 focuses on the relationship between transportation and the economy. Data are provided on consumer and government expenditures on transportation and employment in and productivity of transportation industries. Chapter 3 details transportation's safety record, presenting data on fatalities, injuries, and accidents for each mode and for hazardous materials. Chapter 4 presents transportation energy use and related emissions data. Oil spill incidents are also reported in this section. Finally, Appendix A provides modal profiles. Summary statistics, in five year increments, are provided for the years 1960-1994 and 1995, where available. In some instances, data extend back to 1955 and are forecast through 2006. KW - Air pollution KW - Air transportation KW - Bus transportation KW - Economic factors KW - Economy KW - Employment KW - Energy consumption KW - Expenditures KW - Freight traffic KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Inventory KW - Oil spills KW - Performance KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Pollutants KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation safety KW - Transportation statistics KW - Travel KW - Trucking KW - United States KW - Vehicles KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00744515 AU - Pilkey, W D AU - Thacker, J AU - SHAW, G AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIR BAG INTERACTION WITH AND INJURY POTENTIAL FROM COMMON STEERING CONTROL DEVICES PY - 1996/11 SP - 269 p. AB - This study explored the potential degradation in crash safety due to steering control devices (SCD) mounted to the steering wheel rim. Testing consisted on twenty-four 48 km/h simulated frontal impacts and a separate series of 40 tests involving axial, quasi-static loading of SCD's installed on steering wheel rims. The sled tests were conducted using an instrumented male Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy seated in both an auto buck, configured to approximate a 1992 Ford Taurus, and a van buck, configured to approximate a 1992 Ford E150. Sled tests were conducted with occupant restraint belts only and with both belts and airbag. Information from both the dynamic and static tests, in combination with relevant data from other sources, was used to estimate the SCD's injury potential. The results indicated that the devices did not compromise airbag performance nor were they permanently displaced by airbag deployment. Although the study methods were insufficient to precisely quantify SCD loading and there is insufficient information concerning penetrating injury mechanisms to predict the nature, severity, or frequency of occurrence of the injuries, the test results strongly suggest that contact with certain SCDs could injure a driver in a frontal collision. KW - Air bags KW - Driver injuries KW - Drivers KW - Dummies KW - Equipment KW - Frontal crashes KW - Injuries KW - Injury potential KW - Interactions KW - Occupant safety KW - Seat belts KW - Sled tests KW - Steering KW - Steering control KW - Steering wheels KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737764 AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - REGULATORY ASSESSMENT: FINAL RULE ON STRUCTURAL MEASURES FOR EXISTING SINGLE-HULL TANKERS PY - 1996/11 SP - 60 p. AB - This Final Regulatory Assessment examines certain alternative pollution prevention measures on a selected range of existing single-hull tank vessel categories. The final rule assessment studies the cost and benefit variations if certain existing tank vessels were required to fit protectively located spaces or hydrostatically load cargo to standards equivalent to those in Regulation 13G of Annex I of the International Convention for the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL). The cost and benefit study was broken down by vessel type (international or domestic), gross tonnage, and type of cargo carried. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Regulation KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Ship design KW - Structural analysis KW - Tanker pollution regulation KW - Tankers KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572255 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00732040 AU - Huey, B M AU - Stearns, M D AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - OPERATOR PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: DEVELOPING COMMONALITY ACROSS TRANSPORTATION MODES - PROCEEDINGS OF A SEPTEMBER 1994 WORKSHOP PY - 1996/11 SP - 92 p. AB - This report describes the proceedings of the Workshop on Human Factors Research held in Reston, Virginia. The objectives of the workshop were to: foster an interchange of experience in measuring and analyzing operator performance data; encourage commonality in operator performance and measurement and analysis; identify opportunities for cross-modal research and analysis of performance; and, recommend directions for joint research on operator performance. KW - Human factors KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Multimodal transportation systems KW - Operator performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33642/33642.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466737 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939319 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN UTAH: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Utah and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Utah KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/utah/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20579/PB98134190.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939320 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN VERMONT: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Vermont and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vermont KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/vermont/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20578/PB98134182.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939316 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN SOUTH DAKOTA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in South Dakota and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - South Dakota KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/ UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/south_dakota/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35045/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939323 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN WEST VIRGINIA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in West Virginia and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation KW - West Virginia UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/west_virginia/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939315 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in South Carolina and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - South Carolina KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/south_carolina/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20586/PB98134265.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939322 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN WASHINGTON: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Washington and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/washington/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20577/PB98134174.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939324 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN WISCONSIN: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Wisconsin and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/wisconsin/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20582/PB98134224.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939321 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN VIRGINIA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Virginia and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Virginia KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/ UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/virginia/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34600/34679/VAentire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939325 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN WYOMING: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Wyoming and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation KW - Wyoming UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/wyoming/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20581/PB98134216.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939317 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN TENNESSEE: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Tennessee and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tennessee KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/tennessee/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20390/PB98125826.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939318 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN TEXAS: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 50 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Texas and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Texas KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/texas/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20580/PB98134208.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939302 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NEW YORK: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in New York and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - New York (State) KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/new_york/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20530/PB98132699.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939303 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NORTH CAROLINA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in North Carolina and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - North Carolina KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/ UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/north_carolina/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20527/PB98132665.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35046/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939295 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MISSOURI: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Missouri and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Missouri KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/missouri/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20592/PB98134323.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939299 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in New Hampshire and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - New Hampshire KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/new_hampshire/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20389/PB98125818.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939306 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN OKLAHOMA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Oklahoma and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Oklahoma KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/oklahoma/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939291 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MASSACHUSETTS: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Massachusetts and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Massachusetts KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/massachusetts/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20392/PB98125842.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939293 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MINNESOTA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Minnesota and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Minnesota KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/minnesota/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20595/PB98134356.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939308 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN PENNSYLVANIA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 50 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Pennsylvania and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Pennsylvania KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/pennsylvania/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20584/PB98134240.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730983 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939290 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MARYLAND: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Maryland and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Maryland KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/maryland/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20391/PB98125834.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939297 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NEBRASKA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Nebraska and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Nebraska KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/nebraska/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20387/PB98125792.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939304 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NORTH DAKOTA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in North Dakota and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - North Dakota KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/ UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/north_dakota/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/north_dakota/index.html UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/north_dakota/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20526/PB98132657.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939300 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NEW JERSEY: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in New Jersey and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - New Jersey KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/new_jersey/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20594/PB98134349.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939301 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NEW MEXICO: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in New Mexico and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - New Mexico KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/new_mexico/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20576/PB98134166.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939292 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MICHIGAN: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Michigan and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Michigan KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/michigan/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20596/PB98134364.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939294 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MISSISSIPPI: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 50 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Mississippi and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Mississippi KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/mississippi/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20593/PB98134331.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939309 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN RHODE ISLAND: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Rhode Island and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Rhode Island KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/rhode_island/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20587/PB98134273.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939296 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MONTANA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Montana and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Montana KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/montana/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20393/PB98125859.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939298 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN NEVADA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Nevada and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Nevada KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/nevada/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20388/PB98125800.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939305 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN OHIO: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Ohio and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Ohio KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/ohio/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20585/PB98134257.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939307 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN OREGON: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Oregon and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Oregon KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/oregon/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20529/PB98132681.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939282 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN INDIANA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Indiana and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Indiana KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/indiana/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20590/PB98134307.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939285 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN KENTUCKY: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Kentucky and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Kentucky KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/kentucky/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20400/PB98125925.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939278 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN GEORGIA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Georgia and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Georgia KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/georgia/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20385/PB98125776.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939277 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN FLORIDA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Florida and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Florida KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/florida/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20384/PB98125768.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939279 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN HAWAII: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Hawaii and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hawaii KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/hawaii/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20525/PB98132640.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939281 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN ILLINOIS: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Illinois and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Illinois KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/illinois/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20591/PB98134315.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939286 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN LOUISIANA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 50 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Louisiana and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Louisiana KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/louisiana/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939280 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN IDAHO: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 47 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Idaho and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Idaho KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/idaho/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20524/PB98132632.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939287 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN MAINE: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Maine and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Maine KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/maine/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20398/PB98125909.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939283 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN IOWA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Iowa and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Iowa KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/iowa/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20589/PB98134299.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939284 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN KANSAS: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Kansas and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Kansas KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/kansas/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20400/20401/PB98125933.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938170 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN CONNECTICUT: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Connecticut and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Connecticut KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/ UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/connecticut/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20382/PB98125743.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34600/34680/CTentire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938171 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN DELAWARE: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Delaware and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Delaware KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20383/PB98125750.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938167 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN ARKANSAS: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Arkansas and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Arkansas KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/freight_transportation_by_state/ UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/arkansas/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34600/34676/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938165 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN ALASKA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Alaska and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Alaska KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/alaska/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20397/PB98125891.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938169 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN COLORADO: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Colorado and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Canada KW - Colorado KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/colorado/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20588/PB98134281.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938166 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN ARIZONA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Arizona and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Arizona KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/arizona/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20396/PB98125883.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938168 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN CALIFORNIA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in California and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - California KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/california/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20394/PB98125867.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938164 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Mednick, D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN ALABAMA: SELECTED DATA FROM FEDERAL SOURCES PY - 1996/10 SP - 49 p. AB - This report presents information on freight transportation in Alabama and is part of a series of reports covering all 50 States. The purpose of the report is to present the major Federal databases related to State freight movements. Along with tables generated for each State, this report gives descriptions of the databases, information on access and formats, and contact points. The database descriptions are based on entries in the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS) Directory of Transportation Data Sources. This publication provides users with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican government agencies. The table of contents lists the following subject headings: Transportation Facilities, Commodity Movements, Exports To and Imports From Canada and Mexico, Rail Shipments, Waterborne Commerce, Transportation Establishments, Truck Registration and Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Motor Carrier Statistics, Fatal Truck Crashes, Rail Accidents and Fatalities, Hazardous Materials Incidents. KW - Access KW - Alabama KW - Canada KW - Commodity flow KW - Contacts (Data sources) KW - Databases KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government KW - Federal government agencies KW - File formats KW - Freight transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Hazardous materials KW - Imports KW - Mexico KW - Motor carriers KW - Organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroads KW - Registrations KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trade KW - Truck crashes KW - Trucks KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/state_freight_transportation_profile/alabama/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20300/20386/PB98125784.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799294 AU - Bureau of the Census AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - 1992 CENSUS OF TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND UTILITIES. 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY PY - 1996/10 SP - 443 p. AB - This publication contains data on: transportation, communications, and utilities establishments; characteristics of trucks; and characteristics of commodity shipments. KW - Census KW - Commodity flow KW - Communications KW - Public utilities KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Trucks UR - http://www.bts.gov/ntda/cfs/docs/tc92cf52.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5900/5920/tc92cf52.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738575 AU - Wright, M AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Battelle Memorial Institute TI - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM: A GUIDE FOR THE APPROVAL OF GPS RECEIVER INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PY - 1996/10 SP - 351 p. AB - The guide is designed to assist FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors (ASIs) in their evaluation of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) installations and operations. Chapter 1 of this document is an introduction to GPS. Chapter 2 of the document provides a description of the general GPS approval process and a flow diagram displaying the steps in both the airworthiness and the operations approval process. Chapter 2 also describes the major differences between the different types of GPS approvals. Chapter 3 contains the procedures and checklists required for performing GPS airworthiness approvals. Chapter 3 provides the information needed for determining when a field approval is possible. A detailed description of the process required for field approval, including checklists for each of the major phases of the approval process, is also provided. Chapter 4 contains procedures and checklists for performing GPS operations approvals. General operations requirements are listed for all operators using GPS. Finally, relevant excerpts from FAA Orders and Advisory Circulars are also provided. KW - Airworthiness KW - Aviation safety KW - Field tests KW - Global Positioning System KW - Management KW - Operations management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33638/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-96-18.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735693 AU - Powell, K C AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Hernandez Engineering, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT SECURITY IN THE 90'S - CONFERENCE SUMMARY PY - 1996/10 SP - 104 p. AB - As a result of the Federal Transit Administration's concern for the potential of terrorist attacks on our nation's transit systems, especially in a year when we are hosting the Olympics, a conference was held in Atlanta, Georgia, on February 27-28, 1996. The purpose of the conference was to assist transit security specialists to recognize, prepare for, and respond to the terrorist threat. Invitees included heads of security from many of the 100 largest transit systems in the country and/or their corresponding city or transit chiefs of police. Representatives from U.S. Government agencies who would be involved in the event of an actual terrorist attack also attended. Speakers included the Secretary of Transportation; terrorism specialists from France, Israel, and Japan; Federal Transit Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation; DOT Office of Intelligence and Security; Department of Defense; Federal Emergency Management Agency; Public Health Service; New York Police Department Transit Bureau; American Public Transit Association; Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games; Cable News Network; and the Red Cross. This document summarizes the proceedings of the conference. KW - Conference programs KW - Conferences KW - Public transit KW - Safety and security KW - Security KW - Terrorism KW - Transportation safety UR - http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/publications/security/FTA-MA-26-9009-97-01/PDF/FTA-MA-26-9009-97-01_Transit_Security_in_the_90s.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35042/DOT-VNTSC-FTA-96-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00732033 AU - Tyrell, D AU - Severson, K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CRASHWORTHINESS TESTING OF AMTRAK'S TRADITIONAL COACH SEAT. SAFETY OF HIGH-SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1996/10 SP - 84 p. AB - Tests have been conducted on Amtrak's traditional passenger seat to evaluate its performance under static and dynamic loading conditions. Quasi-static tests have been conducted to establish the load-deflection characteristics of the seat. Dynamic tests of selected collision conditions have also been conducted with instrumented Hybrid III dummies to evaluate the collision performance of the seat and to verify the analytic simulation tools. This report describes the results of the crashworthiness testing of Amtrak's traditional seats. KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Dummies KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Impact tests KW - Injury severity KW - Load deflection KW - Loads KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety research KW - Seat design KW - Seat tests KW - Seats KW - Testing KW - Vehicle tests UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2311 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13203/ord9608.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01421297 AU - Kihl, Mary AU - Crum, Michael AU - Shin, Duane AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Midwest Transportation Center AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Choosing Smart Technologies: A Guide for Busy Rural Paratransit Operators PY - 1996/09/01 SP - 71p AB - This manual attempts to address the needs of rural paratransit operators through the use of smart technology. Questions asked, and answered, in the manual include: 1. What are our primary needs and concerns? 2.What technologies can address these concerns? 3. What kind of information does a small transit property need in acquiring technologies? 4. What are the costs involved? 5. Is the technology worth the investment? 6. Are there other ways of accessing the technology without having each property purchase it individually? 7. How do we select a vendor or integrator? and 8. What are possible funding sources? KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Financing KW - Manuals KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Rural transit KW - Technology KW - Transit operators UR - http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/rural_paratransit.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1151359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01582862 AU - Flores, Arthur AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - An Infrared Procedure for Evaluation of Wet Bath or Dry Gas Calibration PY - 1996/09 SP - 8p AB - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration maintains Conforming Products Lists for police breath alcohol testing equipment. Equipment submitted by manufacturers for inclusion on the Lists are first evaluated at Volpe National Transportation Systems Center according to model specifications which are published in the Federal Register. The Lists are offered to the states as guidance in making purchase decisions. Model specifications have been established for evidential breath testers (FR 58 48705-48710), calibrating units (FR 49 48865) and screening devices (FR 59 67377-67382). Calibrating units are devices which produce ethyl alcohol vapors at known concentration, and are used to calibrate breath alcohol testers. In the model specifications for calibrating units, the evaluation procedure is based on standard gas chromatography techniques. An improved procedure, based on the Beer-Lambert Law of absorption and non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy has been developed which overcomes gas chromatography difficulties and thereby offers a higher degree of reliability in calibrating unit evaluations. At the same time, the procedure is significantly easier to perform and is thus inherently less likely to go awry by human error. However, gas chromatography is still needed to screen for impurities in the calibrating unit vapors. The new procedure and instrumentation are described in this paper. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Calibration KW - Drunk driving KW - Gas chromatography KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Testing equipment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56000/56091/An_Infrared_Procedure_For_Evaluation_of_Wet_Bath_or_Dry_Gas_Calibration_Units.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1376130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518973 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - U.S. Coast Guard TI - U.S. Coast Guard 1994 Oil Pollution Research Grants Publications - Part I PY - 1996/09//Final Report SP - 224p AB - The Oil Pollution Research Grant Program was created by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, P.L. 101-380 (OPA 90), 33 U.S. C. 28761 (c)(8) and 2761 (c)(9). The OPA established a regional research program and authorized those agencies represented on the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research, including the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), to make grants to universities and other research institutions to perform research related to regional effects of oil pollution. The USCG established such a grant program, and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), a component of the Research and Special Programs Administration of the Department of Transportation (DOT), was chosen to administer this program on behalf of the USCG. In August 1994, the Volpe Center awarded nine one-year grants. Coast Guard funds were matched by funds from the university or non-profit research institution. This report contains Part I of the final reports for research performed under these grants. Reports include: A Hydrodynamic Model of Oil Containment by a Boom: Phase I by Stephen Grilli, Z. Hu and M.L. Spaulding; Development of a Rapid Current Containment Boom: Phase I by M. Robinson Swift, Barbaros Celikkol, and Philip Coyne; Source Identification of Oil Spills Based on the Isotopic Composition of Individual Components in Weathered Oil Samples by R. Paul Philp; and Preventing Oil Spills by Evaluating, Monitoring, and Managing Port and Waterway Risk by John R. Harrald. KW - Oil booms KW - Oil spills KW - Ports KW - Research projects KW - Risk assessment KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Waterways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50200/50285/ADA325735.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01039093 AU - Pollard, John K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Locomotive Engineer's Activity Diary PY - 1996/09//Final Report SP - 68p AB - About 200 freight engineers working on several major railroads completed a 14-day diary recording such data as: the demographic characteristics of the participants; how much time they spent working, sleeping at home, sleeping away from home, commuting; and how much time they spent on all other purposes. Data were also gathered regarding the quality of rest, how alert they felt on the job, and how well they could predict the time of the next job start. Their comments were solicited about the factors responsible for fatigue and job-induced stress, and what countermeasures they would prefer. Analyses of these data are presented showing how hours of sleep and alertness on the job are affected by: job category, age, average daily hours worked, job-start time, and job-end time. Self-rated alertness estimates by time-of-day are given for each railroad along with graphs showing how average alertness varies with hours worked and the effect of having an assistant. There are tables of ratings on ease of falling asleep, ease of staying asleep, and quality of rest for at-home and away-from-home rest. Also included are poll results for some 50 suggested countermeasures and scatter plots of errors in estimates of job-start times. KW - Age KW - Alertness KW - Commuting KW - Countermeasures KW - Demographics KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Hours of labor KW - Job end times KW - Job start times KW - Jobs KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Periods of the day KW - Personnel KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroads KW - Rest KW - Sleep KW - Stresses KW - Time UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2834 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/795538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737823 AU - Ammah-Tagoe, F AU - Han, X AU - Mallett, W AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - 1993 COMMODITY FLOW SURVEY. STATE SUMMARIES PY - 1996/09 SP - 143 p. AB - This report summarizes the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) state reports released between February 1996 and July 1996 by the Bureau of the Census and the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey: Preliminary Observations by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Information is presented for each State on domestic shipments of commodities by value and weight; destination by value and weight; mode of transportation; and distance. It is important to note that state totals may not sum to U.S. totals presented in CFS national reports because some data are not available at the state level. This is to protect confidentiality of business establishments. Also, U.S. totals presented in this report include estimates by Oak Ridge National Laboratory not covered in the 1993 CFS. KW - Commodities KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity statistics KW - Data collection KW - Distance KW - Origin and destination KW - Present value KW - Shipments KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation modes KW - Value KW - Weight UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5900/5921/statesum.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572304 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736450 AU - Nadler, E AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AN OUT-OF-THE WINDOW AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER SIMULATION FOR CONTROLLER TRAINING PY - 1996/09 SP - 52 p. AB - This study gathered evidence concerning the potential usefulness of out-of-the-window air traffic control tower simulation for training tower controllers. Data were collected from all ten developmental controllers who completed simulation training at Chicago O'Hare International Airport during 1994. The simulation included one controller position, outbound ground control. An out-of-the-window view was projected on three visual displays which approximated the size of actual tower windows. Aircraft were representative of O'Hare, and appeared to move in three dimensions on the displays. The simulation could display the entire airport, but only 135 degrees could be seen at a time and no inbound aircraft were simulated. KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Automation KW - Control systems automation KW - Simulation KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478845 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730590 AU - Raj, P K AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Kangas, R AU - Technology and Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS USING LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL PY - 1996/09 SP - 76 p. AB - The use of alternative fuels to power transit buses is steadily increasing. Several fuels, including Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), and Methanol/Ethanol, are already being used in buses. At present, there do not exist comprehensive facility guidelines to assist transit agencies contemplating converting from diesel to other alternative fuels. This document addresses that need. This guidelines document presents the various facility and bus design issues that need to be considered to ensure safe operation when using LPG as the alternative fuel. Fueling facility, garaging facility, and maintenance facility requirements and safety practices are indicated. Fuel properties, potential hazards, fuel requirements for specified level of service, applicable codes and standards, ventilation, electrical classification, etc., are discussed. A system safety assessment and hazard resolution process is also addressed. This approach may be used to select design strategies which are economical, yet ensure a specified level of safety. This report forms part of a series of monographs being published by the U.S. DOT/FTA on the safe use of alternative fuels. Documents similar to this one in content are being published for CNG, LNG, and Methanol/Ethanol. KW - Air pollution KW - Alternate fuels KW - Buses KW - Design standards KW - Facilities KW - Liquefied petroleum gas KW - Safety KW - System safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00769285 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - TRUCK TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS: PHOSPHORUS PENTASULFIDE PY - 1996/08 SP - 36 p. AB - The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the U.S. in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. Highway, water, and rail account for nearly all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. The principal purpose of this report is to present estimates of truck shipments of phosphorus pentasulfide, one of 147 large-volume chemicals that account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. All of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in an environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flow from producers to consumers, is thus subject to change. KW - Chemical industry KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Phosphorus KW - Phosphorus pentasulfide KW - Shipments KW - Transportation materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737761 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS AND THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) ELECTRONIC CHECKLIST (VERSION 1.0)(FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1996/08 AB - This electronic checklist is a companion to the printed handbook, Human Factors in the Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems. This document is provided with this software. The items contained in this checklist have been derived from the handbook. The primary purpose of the checklist is to point air traffic and other operation specialists to human factors issues that they may wish to include in their consideration of a new system, subsystem, or a new component of an existing system. The goal of this material is to help air traffic controllers and other operations specialists by alerting them to know design flaws and providing them with information so to why some design options may be undesirable or operationally unsuitable. It presents design goals based on human factors principles, standards, and guidelines. Some of the design goals are idealistic in an ATC operational setting. They are presented so that the operations specialists can identify human factors issues and understand the implications of compromises, and where they must be made. KW - Air traffic control KW - Human factors KW - Problem identification KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726750 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Labell, L N AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1996/08 SP - 31 p. AB - The report documents work performed under the FTA Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. The report is a compilation of existing and planned deployments of APTS technologies and services. The information was collected during the fall of 1995 and was obtained through contacts with one or more persons at each agency. The objective was to include information from all agencies that submitted information for the 1993 National Transit Database Report Year. A total of 464 agencies provided information for this study. Agencies with no existing or planned APTS systems are not included herein. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced systems KW - Communication systems KW - Information technology KW - Innovation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Navigation systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_pr/5126.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726153 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TURNKEY EVALUATION GUIDELINES PY - 1996/08 SP - 234 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) requested that at least two urban transit investment projects be acquired by means of a process referred to as "turnkey", to demonstrate the concept and determine whether it can serve to "advance new technologies and lower the cost of constructing new transit systems". These guidelines are intended to be applied to the evaluation of prototype turnkey demonstration projects funded in part by the U.S. Congress and FTA. Their purpose is: 1) Provide those responsible for evaluating FTA turnkey projects a common set of guidelines from which to begin their evaluation; and 2) Provide a carefully structured overview for those considering application of the turnkey concept to projects other than the current prototype cases. KW - Guidelines KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investments KW - Procurement KW - Prototypes KW - Turnkey systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518846 AU - Bandon, C AU - Blasier, J AU - Bouchard, F AU - Capezzuto, V AU - Coyne, F AU - Franck, C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Low-Cost ASDE Evaluation Report: Raytheon Marine (Phase I) Radar at MKE (ARPA M3450/18CPX-19), Volume I PY - 1996/07//Final Report SP - 199p AB - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has identified the Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) as a radar system that aids air traffic controllers in low visibility conditions to detect surface radar targets and sequence aircraft movement on active runways. Though 35 major United States airports will have an ASDE-3 by the year 2000, its high cost precludes its use at hundreds of smaller airports; for them, low-cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) radar ('ASDE-X') shows promise as a controllers' aid in monitoring surface traffic and as a second sensor input to counteract shadowing, blanking and multipath problems. The FAA tasked the Volpe Center to evaluate Raytheon Marine's ASDE-X. The Phase I evaluation was made with Raytheon's Model ARPA M3450/18CPX-19, a COTS radar with options added to adapt performance to the airport environment. This report details the characteristics, installation, and evaluation of this system at Milwaukee's General Mitchell International Airport (MKE). (Phase II will more closely approximate ASDE-3 functionality.) Test results show that, in low-visibility conditions, the system enhanced controllers' situational awareness, detected and displayed targets, aided movement area clearance, and enabled confirmation of pilots' reported positions and compliance with instructions. The ASDE-X's positive initial acceptance and low cost ($100k versus ASDE-3's $6m) make it potentially a good choice for small airports seeking effective ground surveillance radar. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Airports KW - Evaluation KW - General Mitchell International Airport KW - Radar KW - United States KW - Visibility distance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50500/50534/ADA315034.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735698 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/07 SP - 46 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs also are intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The EPR for the Chicago metropolitan area included a federal site visit from December 11 through December 14, 1995. At the conclusion of the visit the federal team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This final report describes the EPR in detail and provides summary conclusions as well as a complete set of observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50300/50356/007432.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735697 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/07 SP - 42 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving the metropolitan areas. The EPRs also are intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The EPR for the San Francisco Bay metropolitan area included a federal site visit from October 30 to November 3, 1995. At the conclusion of the visit the federal team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This final report describes the EPR in detail and provides summary conclusions as well as a complete set of observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/sfhtm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735699 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE WASHINGTON, D.C. METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1996/07 SP - 38 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs also are intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The EPR for the Washington, DC metropolitan area included federal site visits on December 12 and 13, 1994 and February 14 and 15, 1995. At the conclusion of the visit the federal team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This final report describes the EPR in detail and provides summary conclusions as well as a complete set of observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/washhtm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00734777 AU - Bing, A J AU - Berry, S R AU - Henderson, H B AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated TI - DESIGN DATA ON SUSPENSION SYSTEMS OF SELECTED RAIL PASSENGER CARS PY - 1996/07 SP - 190 p. AB - This report presents the results of an effort to compile data for the U.S. fleet of railroad passenger cars, and to describe the different passenger car truck designs and design features used in the United States. The report provides a detailed discussion of the functions of a rail passenger car truck, and how different truck designs and truck components are selected to perform the functions. Both the two-axle truck normally applied to rail passenger cars and truck designs with additional or alternative features (such as car body tilt, articulation, and single-axle trucks) are described. A full listing of passenger cars and truck designs in service in the United States is provided. Detailed descriptions and engineering data, to the extent available, are provided on 8 selected truck designs representative of the majority of trucks in service. The truck data include a general description of the truck, the mass and inertias of principal truck components (wheelset, truck frame, bolster), spring stiffness and damping rates, and the car body mass, inertia, and truck to car body interface characteristics. Information is also provided on the service environment in which the truck operates, and on maintenance history. KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad cars KW - Suspension systems KW - Two axle trucks KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42600/42679/ord9601.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728640 AU - Aftandilian, E AU - Thompson, A AU - Unisys Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1994 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1996/07 SP - 84 p. AB - The Safety Management Information Statistics 1994 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit accident and casualty statistics reported by transit systems in the United States during 1994, reported under the Federal Transit Administration's Section 15 reporting system. KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Fta section 15 KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Safety KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726753 AU - Goeddel, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - BENEFITS ASSESSMENT OF ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (APTS) PY - 1996/07 SP - 46 p. AB - This report documents work performed under FTA's Advance Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report presents the results of an analysis conducted by the Volpe Center, for the FTA, to provide an "order-of-magnitude" estimate of the expected benefits to the transit industry with the application of APTS technologies. Specifically, the study identified and quantified the major benefits derived from current applications of APTS technologies within the transit industry and projected current APTS benefits to a national level based on forecasts and reasonable assumptions on the potential future applications of such technologies within the transit industry KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Fare collection KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Magnetic farecards KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Systems KW - Transit management systems KW - Travel demand management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/8000/8700/8712/Edl00414.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726749 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ACCESS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO PASSENGER VESSELS AND SHORE FACILITIES. THE IMPACT OF AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990 PY - 1996/07 SP - 295 p. AB - The Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST) has been given the lead in the investigation of access for persons with disabilities on passenger vessels. This report, prepared on behalf of OST and the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, is an assessment of the feasibility of implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) in the passenger vessel industry. This exploratory study of implementation issues will serve as the basis for future decisionmaking by OST in the matter of access to waterborne transportation and accommodation assets. In this study, cost calculations include new construction and alterations for the Coast Guard inspected passenger vessel fleet, and access provisions to the vessels over the piers and docks serving the fleet. Only the projected costs of ADA implementation are addressed. Basically, the text discusses: access solution sets for vessels, docks and piers; particulars of the solution sets; unit and industry costs; results of several cost scenarios developed for fictional small business operators; and, the effects of elevator installations on vessel stability. KW - Accessibility KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Analysis KW - Barrier free design KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Disabled people KW - Legal constraints KW - Passenger ships KW - Passenger vessels KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/rptfinal/rptfinal1.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01325129 AU - Roof, Christopher J AU - Fleming, Gregg G AU - Read, David R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - United States Postal Service TI - Noise Characterization Study of the AP.1-88 Hovercraft PY - 1996/06//Final Report SP - 96p AB - During the period, June 1995 through March 1996, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), Acoustics Facility, in support of the United States Postal Service (Postal Service) Office of Environmental Policy & Management, conducted a Noise Characterization Study of the British Hovercraft Corporation Model AP.1-88 Hovercraft (AP.1-88). This document presents the results of the study, including the measurement, data reduction and analysis procedures used to characterize the craft. Also presented, for the purpose of comparison with the AP.1-88 noise data, is a limited amount of measured noise data for the Textron Marine & Land Systems Lighter Air Cushion Vehicle-30 (LACV-30) hovercraft. KW - Acoustics KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Aircraft noise KW - Data collection KW - Environmental impacts KW - Noise KW - Policy making KW - United States Postal Service UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35074/DOT-VNTSC-USPS-96-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1085935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207229 AU - Sheehan, Michael J AU - Corey, Jay AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - Waterway User Groups Characterized According to the Navigational Requirements of the Vessel Operators PY - 1996/06//Project Memorandum SP - 44p AB - The primary objective of this project memorandum is to document our hypotheses of how mariners use aids to navigation, how use varies among the various categories of waterway users and how use varies with meteorological and other conditions. Another objective is to identify specific groups as candidates for in-depth study. Thirdly, the memorandum provides the instruments to be used for data collection. Whether they are called boaters, masters, pilots or captains, these operators of vessels in U.S.-managed waterways are the ultimate users of the Coast Guard Aids to Navigation (ATON), and we have relied on their experience in making our assessment of user requirements. This characterization focuses on the vessel operators who use the information provided by the existing U.S. Coast Guard ATON, in contrast to the Baseline Analysis report on Waterway Users, which focuses on the vessels themselves. This characterization is undertaken to make better use of the operators' navigational experience to help us assess the effectiveness of current ATON and to assist the Coast Guard as it projects future requirements for USCG-provided aids and services by providing a means to assess operator expectations. We have considered the increased availability of low cost electronic navigation systems (LORAN-C and GPS) to a broader spectrum of operators to learn whether the Coast Guard should reexamine the requirements for some short-range (physical) ATON. KW - Aids to navigation KW - Data collection KW - Meteorology KW - Navigation KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Vessel operations KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33645/33645.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207225 AU - Cardosi, Kim AU - Brett, Bryan E AU - Han, Sherwin AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - An Analysis of TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control) Controller- Pilot Voice Communications PY - 1996/06//Final Report SP - 36p AB - Control) environment. Forty-eight hours of communications recorded on the voice tapes from eight TRACONs were analyzed. There were 13,089 controller-to-pilot transmissions examined in this study. This included 9,409 clearances (e.g., assignment of altitude; instructions to change heading, speed, or radio frequencies; instructions for arrival, etc.) And 3,680 requests for information, salutations, etc. The complexity of the controller's message (i.e.. the number of pieces of information) was examined and the number of erroneous readbacks were analyzed as a function of message complexity. Pilot acknowledgments were also analyzed; the numbers of full and partial readbacks, and acknowledgments only (i.e., "rogei") were tallied. Pilot reports of altitude information was also examined. Fewer than one percent of the messages resulted in communications errors. Among the error factors examined were: complexity of the message, type of acknowledgment, use of call sign in the acknowledgment, type of information in error, and whether or not the controller responded to the readback error. Instances in which the controller contacted the aircraft with one call sign and the pilot acknowledged the transmission with another call sign were also examined. The report concludes with recommendations to further reduce the probability of communication errors. KW - Air pilots KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Communication systems KW - Flow control (Air traffic control) KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Terminal radar approach control (TRACON) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33636/33636.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726779 AU - Maccalous, S AU - Phillips, A AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - DIRECTORY OF TRANSPORTATION DATA SOURCES - 1996 PY - 1996/06 SP - 708 p. AB - This publication has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) of DOT. This 708-page document identifies data sources within DOT, other federal government agencies, state government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican agencies. A data source is defined as a computerized database developed within the above agencies for internal or external use, as well as regularly scheduled or special printed statistical reports published but not included on a computerized system. Information available from this document includes a brief description of the data source, various attribute information, the sponsoring organization, information on where to obtain the data source, as well as a contact for additional information. KW - Canada KW - Computer programs KW - Computer systems programs KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Databases KW - Mexico KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00822920 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRANSIT SYSTEM SECURITY PLANNING SEMINAR PY - 1996/06 SP - 52 p. AB - The 9 modules contain the following: 1) Introduction to the objectives; 2) description of transit security; 3) state safety oversight; 4) system security; 5) system security program; 6) management support for system security program; 7) determination of transit system security responsibilities; 8) development and documenting of the program in the program plan; 9) threat and vulnerability resolution process. The appendices provide: outline for a system security program plan; Forest Hills Transit Authority workshop program; and glossary of terms. KW - Personnel development KW - Planning and design KW - Public transit KW - Safety and security KW - Training programs KW - Transit personnel UR - http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Publications/security/tssps_pdf-normv2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713271 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726029 AU - FELDMAN, R AU - Gross, M AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION EXPRESSIONS 1996 PY - 1996/06 SP - 264 p. AB - This report compiles definitions of transportation terms used throughout the Department of Transportation and other U.S. government agencies. This is the second edition of Transportation Expressions; future editions will continue to be expanded in scope to include additional expressions as identified by other government and private sources. The terms are organized within Transportation Expressions by their common name. Each term appears in bold print, followed by its definition and the source citation. Source citations are italicized for easy readability. Specific documents, publications or databases used to compile Transportation Expressions are identified in the Source Index. Terms are cross-referenced within the document and also within the Term Index. The Term Index refers readers to all major groupings of related terms. Terms that appear once are not indexed. Terms with multiple source citations indicate that more than one agency or several documents within single agencies use the same definition for that specific term. A term appearing several times indicates that each agency or document uses a different definition for that expression. KW - Abbreviations KW - Acronyms KW - Definitions KW - Glossaries KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728689 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE DALLAS-FORT WORTH METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/06 SP - 40 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on metropolitan investment processes. The EPR for the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area included a federal site visit on 12-16 June 1995. At the conclusion of the visit, the federal team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This Final Report describes the EPR in detail, and it provides the summary conclusions as well as a complete set of the observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728685 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE PHILADELPHIA METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/06 SP - 46 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. This EPR for the Philadelphia metropolitan area included a federal site visit on 17-19 January 1995. At the conclusion of the site visit the federal team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This Final Report describes the EPR in detail and contains summary conclusions as well as observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reciews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/phihtm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728686 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE NEW ORLEANS METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/06 SP - 34 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The EPR for New Orleans included a federal site visit on 6-9 November 1995. At the conclusion of the site visit, the federal review team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This Final Report describes the EPR in detail and provides summary conclusions as well as a complete set of the observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/No-htm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728688 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/06 SP - 36 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The EPR for St. Louis included a federal site visit on 11-15 September 1995. At the conclusion of the site visit, the federal review team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This final report describes the EPR in detail, and it provides a summary conlusion as well as a complete set of observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728687 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE NORTHERN NEW JERSEY METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/06 SP - 40 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. A joint EPR for the New York/Northern New Jersey metropolitan area included a federal site visit on 12-19 September 1995. This Final Report focuses on issues that were addressed as part of the EPR regarding the transportation planning processes in the Northern New Jersey metropolitan area. The EPR is also described in detail; and the summary conclusion as well as a complete set of the observations and recommendations are included. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/Nnj-htm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726709 AU - Boyd, M A AU - Maier, M P AU - Kenney, P J AU - Boyd, Maier and Associates AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR STATE SAFETY OVERSIGHT OF RAIL FIXED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS PY - 1996/06 SP - 150 p. AB - These guidelines will assist states, oversight agencies, and rail transit agencies in developing safety and security programs to satisfy the requirements of the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). These requirements were published in the Federal Register on December 27, 1995 as "Rail Fixed Guideway Systems: State Safety Oversight". These guidelines are directed at states and rail transit systems receiving Federal funding under FTA's formula program for urbanized areas. These guidelines are organized by the key steps that states, oversight agencies, and rail transit systems must take in establishing and administering effective rail safety and security oversight programs. KW - Fixed-guideway transit KW - Oversight KW - Rail transit KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Safety oversight KW - State laws KW - System safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726028 AU - Gross, M AU - Feldman, R N AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ACRONYM GUIDE 1996 PY - 1996/06 SP - 64 p. AB - This report compiles and identifies transportation and transportation-related acronyms throughout the Department of Transportation and other related U.S. government agencies. This is the second edition of the Transportation Acronym Guide (TAG); future editions will continue to be expanded in scope to include additional acronyms as identified by other government and private sources. The acronyms are organized within the Transportation Acronym Guide (TAG) in alphabetical order. Each acronym appears in bold print, followed by its definition, and the source citation. Source citations are in parentheses for easy readability. Specific documents, publications or databases used to compile the Transportation Acronym Guide (TAG) are identified in the Source Index. KW - Acronyms KW - Definitions KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation departments KW - Transportation modes KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_acronym_guide/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941435 AU - Mengert, P H AU - Davin, J AU - Weinstock, H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH INSPECTION INTERVALS OF REGULARLY MAINTAINED IN-SERVICE UNITS SUBJECT TO FAILURE PY - 1996/05 SP - 84 p. AB - Procedures have been developed for determining the period between regular inspections that is required to ensure, with a specified level of confidence, that no more than a certain percentage of the units of a population that is in service has failed. The procedure assumes that the units have a uniform random failure rate and that the population is divided into many equal sized groups. These groups are inspected sequentially at a uniform rate over the inspection interval, repaired if necessary, and returned to service. A new inspection interval is calculated based on the number found failed in an initial inspection interval. Comparisons of repeated simulations of the percentage of in-service units of the population using randomly generated data have determined that the procedure is useful when the population is greater than 100 units and the percentage of the population found failed at inspection is less than 1%. These procedures, combined with engineering data and experience, may be applied to the definition of approaches for ensuring safety of equipment in railroad operations. KW - Equipment KW - Failure rate KW - In-service units KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Railroads KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Time intervals UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42600/42682/ord9604.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721784 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TELEPHONE CONTACTS FOR USERS OF FEDERAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 1996 PY - 1996/05 SP - 23 p. AB - This 23-page document lists the name, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of transportation data professionals in the Federal Government, by mode, cross-referenced by their area of expertise. These individuals are points of contacts for data users requiring detailed knowledge about transportation statistics. Additionally, telephone numbers of federal transportation libraries and public affairs offices are cited. See BTS Home Page on the Internet (www.bts.gov). KW - Contact KW - Directories KW - Federal government agencies KW - Public information programs KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00739019 AU - Lee, CSY AU - Fleming, G G AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MEASUREMENT OF HIGHWAY-RELATED NOISE PY - 1996/05 SP - 205 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility, in support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Environment and Planning, has developed this document, which reflects significant improvements and changes in noise measurement technologies that have evolved since the 1981 FHWA publication, "Sound Procedures for Measuring Highway Noise". This report documents the recommended procedures for the measurement of (1) existing noise; (2) vehicle noise emissions; (3) barrier insertion loss; (4) construction equipment noise; (5) noise reduction due to buildings; and (6) occupational noise exposure. KW - Building KW - Construction KW - Construction equipment KW - Insertion loss KW - Jobs KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Noise KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise exposure KW - Noise measurement KW - Traffic noise KW - Vehicle noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573005 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00728730 JO - APTS PROGRAM PB - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ISO/TC 204 WORKING GROUP 8 - TRANSIT/EMERGENCY PY - 1996/05 SP - 2 p. AB - International Standards Organization (ISO) is responsible for developing internationally harmonized standards among the ISO member countries. These standards can then be adopted at the discretion of the standards setting organizations within each country as either mandatory or voluntary compliance standards. The actual effort of identifying activities and work that needs to be performed to generate and draft international ITS standards is performed by 16 Working Groups (WGs). This pamphlet describes the history and responsibilities of WG 8 - Public Transit and Emergency. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - International Standards Organization KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/468168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728684 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE SEATTLE-TACOMA-EVERETT METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/05 SP - 36 p. AB - FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs also are intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The EPR for Seattle-Tacoma-Everett included a federal site visit on 8-11 May 1996. At the conclusion of the visit the federal team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. This Final Report describes the EPR in detail and provides summary conclusions as well as a complete set of observations and recommendations. KW - City planning KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/Sea-htm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726703 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE MIAMI METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1996/05 SP - 52 p. AB - The FHWA and FTA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The information collected in the EPRs is intended to be of assistance to individual metropolitan areas in their continuing efforts to improve transportation planning practice, and to federal agencies in formulating policy and identifying technical assistance needs among agencies engaged in metropolitan planning. KW - City planning KW - Finance KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/Mia-htm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724370 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE CLEVELAND, OH METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1996/05 SP - 40 p. AB - The FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The EPR for Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area included a federal site visit from August 7 through August 11, 1995. At the conclusion of the visit, the federal review team presented preliminary observations and recommendations for the local agencies taking part in the review. The team then formulated several additional observations as a result of the further review of documents and notes. This report is the summary conclusion and a complete set of the observations and recommendations. KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investments KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724373 AU - Gaumer, R L AU - Raj, P K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - DISPERSION OF CNG FOLLOWING A HIGH-PRESSURE RELEASE PY - 1996/05 SP - 64 p. AB - This report discusses the results of tests to determine the dispersive behavior of compressed natural gas (CNG) when released in enclosed areas such as transit bus facility, and presents the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center's (VNTSC) conclusions concerning the results. The FTA sponsored the tests as part of an effort to evaluate the adequacy of the current convention concerning safeguards against CNG-related fires in transit buildings where CNG-powered buses are fueled, stored, or maintained. This convention embraces the belief that precautions need to be taken only at or near the ceilings of the buildings. It is based on the premise that, since CNG is primarily methane and methane is approximately one-half the density of air at ambient temperature and pressure, any natural gas released would immediately rise to the ceiling as a buoyant plume. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bus transportation KW - Compressed natural gas KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745362 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - IMPLICATIONS OF CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT FOR THE USES OF CENSUS DATA IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1996/04 SP - 102 p. AB - This report presents the findings and recommendations of a panel of transportation planning experts on a possible replacement data-collection system for the decennial census. Under this new system, 'Continuous Measurement', the detailed social, economic, and housing information, including journey-to-work data, traditionally collected decennially with the long-form questionnaire on a sample basis, would instead be obtained by an ongoing, 'continuous' monthly survey. The census would obtain only population and housing unit counts and a few basic characteristics. KW - Census KW - Data collection KW - Information dissemination KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/imp.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20500/20599/PB98134448.pdf UR - http://www.ntl.bts.gov/docs/imp.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724371 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE HONOLULU, HI METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1996/04 SP - 40 p. AB - The FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The ERPs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The ERP for Honolulu included a federal site visit from January 9 through January 12, 1995. At the conclusion of the site visit, the team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part of the review. The team formulated several additional observations as a result of the further review of documents and notes. This report presents the summary conclusion and a complete set of the observations and recommendations. KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/hon3-htm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724372 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE SALT LAKE AND OGDEN METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1996/04 SP - 40 p. AB - The FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The information collected in the EPRs is intended to be of assistance to individual metropolitan areas in their continuing efforts to improve transportation planning practice, and to federal agencies engaged in metropolitan planning. The EPR for Salt Lake and Ogden included a federal site visit from February 27 through March 3, 1995. At the conclusion of the site visit, the federal review team presented preliminary observations and recommendations to the local agencies taking part in the review. These observations were incorporated into a draft Overview Report which was distributed for review and comment to the Metropolitan Planning Organization and other local participants in the EPR. The Overview Report formed the basis for this Final Report, which describes the EPR in greater depth and is intended for public distribution. KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investments KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mobility KW - Technical assistance UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/SLC3-HTM.HTM UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460338 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00723777 AU - Church, R AU - Jain, Kamal Kant AU - Little, C AU - Moavenzadeh, J AU - O'Donnell, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LIGHT TRUCK CAPABILITIES, UTILITY REQUIREMENTS, AND USES: IMPLICATIONS FOR FUEL ECONOMY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/04 SP - 112 p. AB - This report covers the findings of a study that addresses two key questions: 1) What are the unique capabilities, utility requirements, and uses of light trucks? and 2) Do these consumer requirements and other regulatory requirements constrain the ability to improve light truck fuel economy? The capabilities of lights trucks that are notably superior to those of passenger cars are referred to as enhanced capabilities of light trucks. Five enhanced capabilities are identified, qualified and quantified: load carrying (passengers); load carrying (weight); load carrying (volume); towing; and off-road operation. Utility requirements are treated as the functions and capabilities that truck buyers need. Public domain survey data are used to identify utility requirements for both personal and commercial uses. Two major surveys, the 1992 Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS) and the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), are used to identify and quantify the actual uses of light trucks for both personal and commercial purposes. Observations on the relationships between light truck capabilities and fuel economy are based on manufacturer specifications and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fuel economy ratings for a sample of model year 1994 light trucks. Existing fuel economy studies are referenced to identify potential fuel economy technologies for model years 1998 through 2006. The estimated fuel economy gain for implementation of each fuel economy technology is also presented. Potential conflicts between the application of each fuel economy technology and light truck enhanced capabilities, future emissions and safety standards, and consumer choice attributes are presented. KW - All terrain vehicles KW - Choices KW - Consumers KW - Fuel conservation KW - Light trucks KW - Load carrying capacity KW - Load limits KW - Offroad traffic KW - Pollutants KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards KW - Towing devices KW - Uses KW - Utility requirements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103124 AU - Radin, Sari AU - Lappin, Jane E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - ITS User Acceptance Research on Transportation Managers. Report 1: Summary of Current ITI Deployment Knowledge PY - 1996/03/21/Working Paper SP - 27p AB - nformation that will be gathered through this user acceptance research project supports the USDOT ITI deployment program by systematically identifying opportunities and obstacles that state and local transportation managers face in assessing, purchasing, installing, using, and integrating ITI products, and factors that will facilitate or impede deployment of ITI innovations. Transportation managers must make decisions about allocating funds among a variety of highway and transit projects, which may or may not involve ITS. Understanding how they make these decisions. and hots they perceive the benefits of ITI, is essential to forming effective deployment support strategies. Once the research has been completed, it will be possible to construct a detailed, segmented, national map of who is and isn't deploying ITI solutions, and why. KW - Case studies KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16500/16587/PB2000104389.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/862975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496774 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Transcript of the Joint FAA/Industry Symposium on Level B Airplane Simulator Aeromodel Validation Requirements PY - 1996/03 SP - v.p. AB - This is the transcript of the Joint Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)/Industry Symposium on Level B Airplane Simulator Aeromodel Validation Requirements held on March 13-14, 1996, at the Washington Dulles Airport Hilton. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the aeromodeling considerations associated with updating FAA qualification requirements for Level B flight simulators. Flight simulator technology has advanced significantly during the past decade, one result of which is that device capability has increased while cost has declined. However, for commuter airlines, cost continues to be an obstacle to flight simulator access, particularly for recurrent training. It may be possible to revise Level B simulator qualification procedures and requirements to enhance affordability, without degrading the standards or quality of performance for such equipment. The first step in this endeavor is a comprehensive review, beginning with aeromodeling and flight data considerations. KW - Commuter airlines KW - Conferences KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Flight simulators KW - Flight training KW - United States KW - Validation UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/coi/hfrsa/docs/valreqma.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00822935 AU - Friedman, D M AU - Malcosky, N D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS SAFETY IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996/03 SP - 132 p. AB - The report examines the safety issues relating to the use of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in transit service. The safety issues were determined by on-site surveys performed by Battelle of Columbus, Ohio, and Science Applications International Corp. (SAIC) of McLean, Virginia of four transit agencies using LNG. The surveys consisted of: 1) extensive interviews; 2) review of records, procedures, and plans relating to safety; 3) examination of facilities and equipment; 4) observations of operations including fueling, maintenance, morning start-up, and revenue service; 5) measurement of methane concentrations in the air where the buses are being fueled or stored. Interviews included all job categories associated with management, operations, safety, maintenance, acquisition, and support. Survey results are discussed. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Emergency training KW - Facilities KW - Fire fighting KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Planning KW - Safety KW - Transit buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00734614 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. THIRD EDITION. A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1996/03 SP - 219 p. AB - This is the third in a series of congressionally required plans submitted by the Secretary of Transportation to the Congress pursuant to Section 6009(b) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). This plan focuses on the surface transportation research underway or planned within the six Department of Transportation (DOT) administrations with direct responsibility for surface transportation: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); Federal Railroad Administration (FRA); Maritime Administration (MARAD); Federal Transit Administration (FTA); and Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA). Other departmental research, including that conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST) is addressed when it correlates specifically to research being conducted on surface transportation issues. The near-term section of this plan focuses on research underway or planned in FY 1996, 1997, and 1998. In response to the directive in ISTEA, the plan provides details of the surface transportation research and development (R&D) programs, including funding levels, milestones, and personnel requirements. The plan's long-term outlook offers insight into the course the Department's surface transportation research program will pursue into the 21st century. The plan is organized in four sections. Section I provides an introduction. Section II establishes a strategic vision and direction for surface transportation, establishes a context for that vision by examining a number of key future trends and issues, presents an overview of the Department's process for establishing R&D priorities, and presents the Department's strategic plan for sixteen key long-term R&D thrusts related to surface transportation. The plan emphasizes long-term integration and coordination of departmental R&D efforts in implementing these core thrusts. Section III outlines the Department's near-term (FY 1996-1998) surface transportation research program in five major areas, discusses related university and cooperative research activities, and gives an overview of administrative and facility planning associated with these programs. Relationships between the Department's near-term R&D programs and the long-term thrusts identified in Section II are explored in the second chapter of Section III. Section IV discusses contracting procedures affecting the Department and its grantees. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracting KW - Coordination KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Ground transportation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Long term KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Strategic planning KW - Time duration KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/3000/3800/3856/rdplan.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/477978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00734580 AU - Mayville, R A AU - Stringfellow, R G AU - Rancatore, R J AU - Hosmer, T P AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - LOCOMOTIVE CRASHWORTHINESS RESEARCH. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 5: CAB CAR CRASHWORTHINESS REPORT PY - 1996/03 SP - 40 p. AB - Models used to analyze locomotive crashworthiness are modified for application to control cab cars of the types used for intercity and commuter rail passenger service. An existing control cab car is analyzed for crashworthiness based on scenarios developed from two accidents. The peak strength of crashworthiness-related components is found to exceed the 49 CFR 221.141 requirements. Options for further improvement are analyzed. KW - Control cab cars KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Locomotives KW - Passenger trains KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Survival UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22300/22354/ord9508_5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/471434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720905 AU - Balog, J N AU - Gribbon, R B AU - Ketron Division of the Bionetics Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - STANDARDIZATION OF AVAILABILITY, LOCATION AND USE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT ON URBAN TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1996/03 SP - 264 p. AB - This document represents the conclusion of a project undertaken to identify guidelines which will correct the problems encountered by rescue forces while attempting to gain entry to, shut down, and evacuate urban transit buses involved in an emergency or accident. This final report presents 1) the availability, location, and use of eleven key safety components on six urban transit bus models; 2) the process used in the development of standardization guidelines; and 3) proposed guidelines for the potential standardization of eight key safety components on urban transit buses. The draft guidelines developed in this report are the result of the original research and development efforts by KETRON and reflect input from the Guidelines Committee and members of the APTA Bus Safety Committee, as well as from the transit industry. The last section of this report documents the guidelines which detail potential specifications for standardization of the availability, location, and use of the following eight safety components: master run switch; driver side window; emergency engine shut down switch; front side door release control; rear side door release control; electrical/batteries switch; roof-mounted emergency ingress and escape hatches; and passenger side windows. The guidelines also present a new Universal Access Synbol to identify key entry points and emergency devices to rescue forces. KW - Emergency equipment KW - Safety equipment KW - Standardization KW - Transit buses KW - Urban transit UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34600/34682/DOT-VNTSC-FTA-95-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811850 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD - TRANSPORTATION NETWORK PROFILE, VERSION 1.1. DRAFT PY - 1996/02/01 SP - 26 p. AB - The Transportation Network Profile contains specifications for a Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) profile for use with geographic vector data with network topology. The table of contents lists the following major headings: Introduction, Spatial Data Concepts, Spatial Data Quality, General Specifications (The Transfer Module), Transfer Module Specification, and Specific Decisions. Appendices cover Data Dictionary Transfer, Encoding Multi-valued Attributes, An Example of Attributing Feature Objects with Entity Labels, Arc Option, and Graphic Representation Option. KW - Attributes (Features) KW - Cartographic databases KW - Data dictionaries KW - Databases KW - Features (Cartographic databases) KW - Geographic information systems KW - Graphics KW - Modules (Database specifications) KW - Networks KW - Spatial analysis KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Topology UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_transportation_atlas_data/html/transportation_network_profile.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680304 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721762 AU - Samavedam, G AU - Blader, F AU - THOMSON, D AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. TRACK LATERAL SHIFT: FUNDAMENTALS AND STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW PY - 1996/02 SP - 76 p. AB - This report presents a review of the state of the art of track lateral shift analysis, with improved concepts for safety evaluation of high speed trains generating track shift forces. The mechanics of track shift and the resulting track failure modes are defined. A critical review of the track shift literature from France, England, Sweden, Japan, and the United States is presented. An approach is suggested in this report for an improved understanding and analysis of track shift for application to the U.S. track conditions. The proposed approach consists of a vehicle dynamic model to predict lateral loads on the track, and a track model to determine limit loads on the track and residual lateral deflections under the influence of the vehicle loads. KW - Dynamics KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Safety KW - Track lateral shift KW - Train track dynamics KW - Wheels UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34600/34623/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-96-01.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42600/42681/ord9603.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00741154 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 1996 AND TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS: IN BRIEF PY - 1996/01 SP - v.p. AB - This 24th edition of the National Transportation Statistics 1996 (NTS) is a compendium of transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The purpose is to make accessible basic information on the nation's transportation system. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportation modes - air, automobile, bus, truck, transit, rail, water, and pipeline. Summary statistics, in five-year increments, are provided for 1960-1993, and 1994 where available. In some instances, data extend back to 1955 and are forecast through 1998. Information on transportation finances, performance, and safety; energy relationships; and the effect transportation has on the environment are illustrated. Additionally, preliminary statistics from the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey are presented. Metric conversion tables are also provided where appropriate. The NTS 1996 is also available on the Bureau's Transportation Data Sampler - 3 CD-ROM in Excel format. The companion volume to the NTS publication is the Transportation Statistics Annual Report (TSAR) which provides a summary of the state of transportation systems and state of transportation statistics. KW - Annual reports KW - Data collection KW - Information services KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00741152 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - FAX-ON-DEMAND SERVICE PY - 1996/01 SP - v.p. AB - The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) of the U.S. Department of Transportation has created a toll-free fax-on-demand system. This system is designed to provide statistical information via your fax machine using a touch-tone telephone. Materials include various statistical tables from BTS products as well as preliminary 1993 Commodity Flow Survey data, Census Transportation Planning Package subject locators, BTS press releases, and a BTS product order form. To obtain additional information or any BTS product, contact the Bureau of Transportation Statistics by telephone, 202-366-DATA; fax 202-366-3640; or the Internet at www.bts.gov. KW - Information services KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721786 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS ANNUAL REPORT 1995 PY - 1996/01 SP - 186 p. AB - This annual report provides a summary of the state of the nation's transportation systems and statistics. This second edition includes a thematic treatment of the Economic Performance of Transportation. The theme illustrates the trends in and factors governing productivity of transportation service providers, the contribution that public investments in transportation make to the overall economy, and the impacts of economic growth and the change on the use and costs of highways, aviation, water transportation, public transit, rail transportation and pipelines. KW - Air transportation KW - Annual reports KW - Economic factors KW - Highway transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Productivity KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/1995/pdf/report.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17200/17215/PB2001100253.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24700/24709/tsar95.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459401 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721782 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY PY - 1996/01 SP - 132 p. AB - The CD-ROM, Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS), released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), contains statistics from the 1983 and 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Surveys conducted by the FHWA. These surveys measure daily travel patterns of individuals by economic, demographic, and other characteristics, representing a sample of approximately 6,500 households in 1983 and 22,000 households in 1990. Topics such as household vehicle availability and use, annual miles per licensed driver, household travel rates, vehicle occupancy, and home-to-work trips are included. The CD-ROM also contains the Statistical Export and Tabulation System (SETS) software from the National Center for Health Statistics that allows users to browse and search the NPTS data and documentation, create customized tabulations, and export user-defined subsets of NPTS data to spreadsheet, database, and statistical software applications. KW - Automobile travel KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - Households KW - Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey KW - Personal transportation KW - Reports KW - Survey reports KW - Surveys KW - Vehicle usage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721785 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION DATA SAMPLER-3 PY - 1996/01 SP - 23 p. AB - This CD-ROM is a compendium of information resources available from DOT and its allied agencies. It is a sequel to the TDS-2 released in 1994. Sampler-3 contains several new information resources as well as updates to a number of files contained on the TDS-2. New files include: the 1992 Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS); 1991, 1992, and 1993 Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents; the Worldwide Transportation Directory; the Air Travel Consumer Report; the Federal, State and Local Transportation Financial Statistics Annual Report 1994. Sampler-3 also contains information in a variety of file formats, including several Macintosh-accessible resources. The CD-ROM also contains software that allows users to access documentation for the on-disc statistics and reports. Statistical Export and Tabulation System software from the National Center for Health Statistics is also provided for use with the TIUS data. See BTS Home Page on the Internet (www.bts.gov). KW - Crash data KW - Data files KW - Information services KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745374 AU - Carroll, A A AU - Helser, J L AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SAFETY OF HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS RESEARCH NEEDS WORKSHOP. VOLUME II PY - 1996/01 SP - 440 p. AB - The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) recently developed the DOT's Action Plan for Rail-Highway Grade Crossing Safety. The objective is to achieve at least 50% reduction in accidents and fatalities over the next 10 years. The Action Plan identifies the need for a workshop to develop an intermodal consensus on projected research needs. The Volpe National Transportation Needs Workshop was attended by 75 delegates; they identified 92 crossing safety related research needs. This Volume 2 contains appendices containing: List of attendees; agenda and handouts; Action Plan support proposals; driver (public) education papers; enforcement papers; human factors papers; crossing improvement (engineering) program papers; and, data papers. KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Grade crossing safety KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00745373 AU - Carroll, A A AU - Helser, J L AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SAFETY OF HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS RESEARCH NEEDS WORKSHOP. VOLUME 1 PY - 1996/01 SP - 142 p. AB - The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) recently developed the DOT Action Plan for Rail-Highway Grade Crossing Safety. The objective is to achieve at least a 50% reduction in accidents and fatalities at grade crossings over the next 10 years. The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center hosted and conducted the Highway-Railroad Grade Crossing Safety Research Needs Workshop; 75 delegates participated in the workshop and identified 92 crossing safety related research needs. This document contains results of analyses of the research needs. The results suggest that cost-effective research can be conducted without large expenditures of public funds. Results also indicate most research needs apply to high speed rail and the area of human response to grade crossing applications should receive increased emphasis in the future. Results address relationships among the identified research needs, the Action Plan and current research being conducted. The workshop delegates' consensus is that the workshop was a worthwhile first step in developing an intermodal approach to improving highway-railroad grade crossing safety and the process should continue. KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Grade crossing safety KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/472554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00735971 AU - Liu, T K AU - HAINES, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVEL TIME DATA COLLECTION FIELD TESTS - LESSONS LEARNED PY - 1996/01 SP - 116 p. AB - This report summarizes the process and lessons learned from the Standardized Travel Time Surveys and Field Test project. The field tests of travel time data collection were conducted in Boston, Seattle, and Lexington in 1993. The methodologies tested include: license plate matching using video cameras; license plate matching using portable computers; floating car; probe vehicle (cellular phone reporting); automatic vehicle identification (AVI) equipped buses; and volume data collected from loop detectors. The ultimate goal is to develop a nationally uniform program of travel time data collection and reporting in support of congestion management, and trend and intercity comparison. This document can be used by state or metropolitan planning organization (MPO) planners as guidance for collecting travel time data. It includes examples and procedures on: survey design, methodology selection, equipment and staff requirements, step by step survey procedures, post-survey data processing, analysis, and report production. The document has detailed description and comparison of six data collection methods, focusing on their operational characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, costs, and effectiveness with respect to particular settings and sample size attainment. In conclusion, it stresses the importance of establishing standardized survey procedures and consistent data collection and processing practices in order to achieve overall efficiency and effectiveness in travel time data collection and applications. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Field tests KW - Guidelines KW - Laptop computers KW - Loop detectors KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Microcomputers KW - Probe vehicles KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Standardization KW - Travel time KW - Video cameras UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/478563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720907 AU - Schwenk, J C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - USING CREDIT CARDS TO PAY BUS FARES IN PHOENIX PY - 1996/01 SP - 44 p. AB - In 1991 the City of Phoenix Public Transit System, first in the nation to install magnetic card readers on the electronic fareboxes in its buses, implemented a program known as Bus Card Plus, which billed employers for trips made by employees using employer-issued credit cards. 4 years later, Phoenix was again the first system to introduce a commercial credit card bus fare payment program which also relied on the magnetic card reader equipment. This report documents these two innovative programs, describing their background, objectives, development, equipment, operation, growth, and issues. The main objectives of the Bus Card Plus are to attract riders to the bus system, and to provide employers a means to record accurately their employees' use of public transit for compliance with Maricopa County's travel reduction ordinance. Bus Card Plus sales have more than tripled over the past three years, and are estimated to represent approximately 7% of annual Valley Metro bus boardings. The use of commercial credit cards to pay fares has expanded rapidly during its first few months, and is expected to be an asset for transit to the many out-of-town visitors attending the 1996 Super Bowl. KW - Bus card plus KW - Bus transportation KW - Credit cards KW - Employer sponsored transportation KW - Fare collection KW - Fare prepayment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715233 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Labell, L N AU - Holmstrom, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: THE STATE OF THE ART UPDATE '96 PY - 1996/01 SP - 212 p. AB - The objective of this research effort was to increase the transit industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoptions. This status report documents work performed under the FTA Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. The report is the latest in a series of state-of-the-art reports, the last of which was published in January 1994. It contains the results of an investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. The report focuses on some of the most innovative implementations, namely, four types of services/technologies: Fleet Management, Traveler Information, Electronic Fare Payment, and Transportation Demand Management. The report provides tables that list several FTA-sponsored field operational tests and research projects planned or in process. Appendix A of this report lists alphabetically contact organizations and persons in the U.S. and Canada by state and by city within the state. It also provides an alphabetical listing of paratransit contacts and suppliers. Appendix B provides an alphabetical listing of the APTS projects mentioned in this report. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Fleet management KW - Magnetic farecards KW - Passenger information systems KW - State of the art studies KW - Technological innovations KW - Travel demand management KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5600/5620/FTA95-13.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56318/advancedpublict2670usdo_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173170 AU - Stearns, Mary D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - A Systematic Way to Assess Compliance with Human Factors Standards PY - 1996 SP - 2p AB - Assessing the human factors considerations associated with the design or evaluation of any major new system can be a formidable challenge. To make this more manageable, the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Office of the Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors (AAR-100) and Research, and Special Programs Administration’s (RSPA) Volpe National Transportation Systems Center have created a product which will help to enhance the human factors aspects of air traffic control (ATC equipment. The FAA and the Volpe Center developed this product in response to requests from the aviation community. This product pairs an electronic checklist with a reference text. Using the checklist, a user can rate the performance of equipment against specific criteria, add personal notes, and customize the checklist for specific needs. The checklist contains references linking it to the text, which is a compendium of information on the relationship between human factors and air traffic control operations. This combination of electronic and text format brings to the desk top, and to the lap top, a comprehensive way to identify human factors issues related to air traffic control and a user-friendly way to report results. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport operations KW - Aviation KW - Checklists KW - Computers KW - Electronics KW - Human factors KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933309 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00968610 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CURRENT AND FUTURE FEDERAL APPLICATIONS OF TAGGING AND TRACKING TECHNOLOGY : SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS PY - 1996 AB - This document offers a summary of the proceedings of the seminar on Current and Future Federal Applications of Tagging and Tracking Technology, held at the Volpe Center on June 18, 1996. Three specific topics were covered, and for each topic, background and discussion are summarized. The topics are: Topic 1: Tagging and Tracking for Logistics; Topic 2: Tagging and Tracking for Incident Response; and Topic 3: Tagging and Tracking for Border Crossings. Although "tagging and tracking" is typically defined as application of technologies in freight transportation for cargo tracking and logistics management here it refers more broadly to information technology applications that identify and track cargo and vehicles in support of a wide range of Federal transportation operations. These technology applications include, but are not limited to, automatic equipment identification (via bar code labels, radiofrequency tags, smart cards, or other technologies); automatic vehicle location (land- or satellite-based); electronic vehicle clearance; computer-aided dispatch; in-vehicle navigation; automated traffic management; and route guidance KW - Automatic equipment identification KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Incident management KW - Logistics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47000/47047/TaggingTrackingTechnology.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/proceedn/2451.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726781 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION ATLAS DATABASES - 1996 PY - 1996 SP - n.p. AB - This CD-ROM (NTAD96) has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) of DOT. The NTAD96 is a collection of national geographic databases of transportation facilities. These databases include geospatial information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, and related attribute information. The NTAD96 CD-ROM is available in both MS-DOS and UNIX compatible CD-ROM format. The databases are designed for use within a geographic information system (GIS). However, to ease their use in any database, spreadsheet, or other software package, the files are in ASCII format. KW - Atlases KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Geographic information systems KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Modal analysis KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56682/NTAD_1996.zip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726778 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ACRONYM GUIDE PY - 1996 SP - 64 p. AB - This guide is a 64-page document that identifies transportation and transportation-related acronyms used throughout DOT, other government agencies, private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican agencies. The acronyms are arranged in alphabetical order and are followed by the definition and source citation. Specific documents, publications, or databases used to compile this document are identified. KW - Acronyms KW - Information dissemination UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726780 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - UNITED STATES WATERWAY DATA PY - 1996 SP - n.p. AB - This CD-ROM has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics of DOT. The CD-ROM is a collection of waterway databases, reports, and graphics related to the navigable waters in the United States. Data are collected from several agencies, including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Navigation Data Center, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, among others. Version 1.2 of the National Waterway Network (NWN), a geographic database of navigable waterways in and around the United States, is included in this CD-ROM as are 23 bitmap image files. These images are snapshots of various spatial databases on the Waterway CD-ROM. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Image processing KW - Navigation systems KW - Traffic distribution KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760055 AU - Contrino, H AU - Mallett, W AU - BROWN, E AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - LONG-DISTANCE LEISURE TRAVEL IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1996 SP - 19 p. AB - The American Travel Survey estimates that, whether traveling for business, leisure, to visit friends or relatives, or personal business, Americans logged nearly 827 billion long-distance travel-miles while completing 656 million household trips in 1995. This profile examines the frequency and characteristics of U.S. leisure travel, which accounted for 27 percent of these household trips. By comparison, about 30 percent of long-distance household trips were to visit friends and relatives, 29 percent were for business, and 14 percent were for personal business. KW - Households KW - Leisure time KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00806482 AU - DeBlasio, Allan J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS : ASSESSMENT OF ITS DEPLOYMENT REVIEW OF METROPOLITAN AREAS : DISCUSSIONS OF CROSSCUTTING ISSUES PY - 1996 SP - iii, 86 p. AB - This document presents a review which focused on the development and deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) products and services in metropolitan areas. It involved interviewing a broad cross section of state, regional, and local transportation officials regarding their perceptions of ITS, motivations for deployment, and the role of ITS in present and future planning efforts. The document contains a series of white papers that are based on the interviews. The papers address the following topics: motivation, ITS planning and deployment, public sector interaction, training and education benefits, transit agency involvement in ITS, and the impact of environmental factors on the planning and deployment of ITS. Overviews are also provided for seven metropolitan areas. KW - Planning KW - Policy UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16358/PB2000103551.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672725 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722475 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sarasua, W A AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 170-182 AB - The advent of new technologies and recent advances in travel survey techniques have marked a new era in household travel surveys. Computer-assisted interviewing (CAI) technology has been available for more than 20 years; however, its widespread use in household travel surveys is a more recent trend. The reasons for this trend include advancements in personal computers, the introduction of graphical user interfaces, and the sophistication of CAI software. Some of today's CAI software includes built-in logic that can identify inconsistencies in a survey as it is being completed. Technologies designed specifically for use with spatially referenced data (e.g., geographic information systems and the Global Positioning System) also benefit travel surveys. These technologies can result in more efficient data collection, improved data quality, reduced survey costs, and more flexible output products. This paper discusses current and potential uses of new technologies in household travel surveys. The advantages of these technologies are identified along with potential biases and errors that they may introduce into travel survey data. A discussion on possible research areas that focus on taking full advantage of new technologies is also presented. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Conferences KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Errors KW - Geographic information systems KW - Global Positioning System KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Interviewing KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Research KW - Software KW - Technological innovations KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462484 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00763363 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - 21ST CENTURY TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE SYMPOSIUM: LINKING REGIONAL PLANNING AND OPERATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE ITS DEPLOYMENT. PROCEEDINGS. SUMMARY AND TABLE OF CONTENTS PY - 1996 SP - 40p AB - The purpose of the symposium was to help formulate recommendations for future research, policy, legislative, and administrative actions that may be considered to implement ITS in a regional setting. This document provides the summary and table of contents. U1 - 21st Century Transportation Infrastructure Symposium: Linking Regional Planning and Operations for Effective ITS DeploymentFederal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterWashington, DC StartDate:19961216 EndDate:19961217 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Deployment KW - Ground transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operations KW - Regional planning KW - Systems analysis UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hst/infrasym.htm#toc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/500716 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00763364 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - 21ST CENTURY TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE SYMPOSIUM: LINKING REGIONAL PLANNING AND OPERATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE ITS DEPLOYMENT. PROCEEDINGS PY - 1996 SP - 152p AB - The purpose of the symposium was to examine current practices and to consider how best to adapt those practices to link planning, operations, systems management, and travel information to obtain the most efficient use of the surface transportation system, and to accelerate the deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) into standard regional and/or statewide planning procedures, processes and practices. The symposium also focused on the important linkages between regional transportation planning and operations of proposed and existing systems to enhance interagency and interjurisdictional information sharing. U1 - 21st Century Transportation Infrastructure Symposium: Linking Regional Planning and Operations for Effective ITS DeploymentFederal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterWashington, DC StartDate:19961216 EndDate:19961217 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, and Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Deployment KW - Information management KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Regional planning KW - Regulations KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hst/infrasym.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/500717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736897 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - AIRPORT ACTIVITY STATISTICS OF CERTIFICATED ROUTE AIR CARRIERS. TWELVE MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1995 PY - 1996 SP - 1270 p. AB - This publication presents traffic statistics for all scheduled and nonscheduled service by large certificated U.S. air carriers--including the volume of passenger, freight, and mail enplanements, and aircraft departures by aircraft type--for each airport served during the 12 months ending December 31, 1995. The data in this publication are compiled from information reported to the U.S. Department of Transportation by the large certificated air carriers on Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) Form 41, Schedules T-100 and T-3. The data are presented in seven tables. Tables 1 and 2 contain summary data by type of service for carrier groups and individual air carriers, and summary figures by area and state. Tables 3, 4, and 5 show activity in air carrier system operations at large, medium, and small air traffic hubs. Tables 6 and 7 present detailed statistics by community and airport. In addition, table 7 shows total aircraft departures performed by specific aircraft type. In this table, an asterisk printed to the left of the aircraft designation denotes that the statistics shown relate to all cargo service. In tables 6 and 7, each community is listed under the state in which it is located without regard to the location of the airport. KW - Airlines KW - Arrivals and departures KW - Commodities KW - Freight traffic KW - Passenger volume KW - Postal service KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/479095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726693 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEWS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1996 AB - The FHWA and the FTA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of ISTEA on the transportation planning processes in metropolitan areas. The EPRs have examined the impact of planning on transportation investment processes and provided technical evaluation of planning and programming processes, covering such topics as: financial constraint and planning; major investment studies; congestion management systems; links between transportation and air quality conformity; public involvement; ISTEA planning factors; and travel demand forecasting. Copies of EPR final reports , published in 1996, are available for the following cities: Honolulu, Miami, New York, and Salt Lake City. Also available are Independent Planning Review reports for: Chicago, Denver, Houston, Kansas City, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Pittsburgh, Portland, Sacramento, and Southern California. All planning review reports can be downloaded from the FTA Home Page on the World Wide Web of the Internet at: http://www.fta.dot.gov. KW - Enhanced planning reviews KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Planning KW - Reviews KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00860666 AU - PRABHAKAR, ANAND S AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM AND ALTERNATIVE ARCHITECTURES. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airports KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49400/49438/GetTRDoc_AD_ADA308065_Location_U2_doc_GetTRDoc.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523073 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723871 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Patin, JWP AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 3: STATE SAMPLER. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 61-63 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled State Sampler gives an overview of what the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development is doing toward the development of an intermodal transportation infrastructure system. Louisiana was one of six states awarded a $3 million grant by the U.S. Department of Transportation to develop a prototype intermodal transportation master plan. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Louisiana KW - Master plans KW - Prototypes KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463206 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723865 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. KEYNOTE ADDRESS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 11-16 AB - This keynote address briefly reviews the first conference on intermodal transportation that took place in Irvine, California, in 1992 and addressed the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and intermodal planning, then discusses the progress that has been made in the continuing evolution of intermodalism. The achievements of the Department of Transportation in three areas - advancing the intermodal agenda, funding for intermodal projects, and changes in the intermodal regulatory environment - are highlighted. In conclusion, areas of future focus are identified. These are funding for intermodal projects, analytic tools, and roles and relationships. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Information organization KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463200 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723867 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Donohue, T J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER THOMAS J. DONOHUE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 20-23 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Thomas J. Donohue, President and CEO of American Trucking Associations, Inc. Mr. Donohue comments on the commission's report and recent political and market realities that contradict or support it, and on the conference presentations. He notes, in particular, the following four recommendations: support for the National Highway System and intermodal connectors (roads that connect to a rail, air, or water terminal); coordination between transportation, environmental, and related health and regulatory policies; the application of new technology for processing freight across the United States-Mexico and United States-Canada international borders; and changes in the rules that govern federal and state procurement processes for transportation. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Coordination KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International borders KW - Markets KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National Highway System KW - National transportation policies KW - Political factors KW - Procurement KW - Recommendations KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - United States-Canada Border KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463202 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723863 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994 SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - 260 p. AB - These proceedings are organized as follows: Executive Summary; Plenary Session 1, containing the keynote address and reports from the members of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation; Luncheon Presentations; Plenary Sessions 2 through 9, some containing an issue overview, with case studies supporting the theme of the session; An appendix with poster session case studies and corporate profiles; and A listing of conference participants. The case studies developed by the participants are snapshots of progress toward realizing intermodal systems, snapshots ranging from policy funding innovations to technical solutions. The proceedings provide a workbook of ideas and a directory of diverse national initiatives upon which to draw. All speeches are not quoted here; rather, session summaries and case study templates are presented. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723872 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, L D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 4: MPOS REENGINEERING FOR INTERMODALISM. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 98-99 AB - This issue overview of the conference session entitled MPOs Reengineering for Intermodalism discusses how the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) progressed from a project to a systems approach, which produced the Metropolitan Transportation System, and the progress the MTC is making in addressing freight and intermodal issues; examines the unresolved problems that threaten to mask this progress and that of similar efforts; and offers reasons why the conventional wisdom, which says that the local orientation of MPOs may stand in the way of intermodal investments, is misdirected. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723873 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. CLOSING REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 187-188 AB - These closing remarks comment on deregulation as the initiator of intermodalism, on how we must not lose sight of the fact that intermodalism is providing transportation service for the benefit of its customers, on the need to celebrate accomplishments and seize opportunities, and on the theme of continuous improvement. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Customer service KW - Deregulation KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463208 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723869 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - REES, J H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 31-36 AB - This conference presentation gives the European perspective on intermodal transport, or what Europeans call combined-transport. It is pointed out that, whereas in the United States intermodalism was developed on the basis that it would increase the efficiency of the transport system as a whole, in terms of its rate of return, in the European Union (EU) it was developed to satisfy the demand for transport and to do so in an environmentally friendly way. Another difference is that, unlike in the United States, in the EU most goods move over short distances. Thus the EU needs an intermodal transport system that has the same quality and cost as the road alternative. To provide this, the EU is developing integrated planning, or a trans-European network for combined-transport. The problem in doing this is that the railway systems in the EU are run individually, by each nation, and have never really been interested in the international business. One of the areas that the EU is developing is automated terminals. Another is the technology for transferring pallets very rapidly. The EU has a high-speed rail network for passenger transport well under way, which will free up capacity for freight trains on the conventional system. The EU has 11 designs of road railers up and running, a hub system called Commeter, and a research program ready to start for the development of new technologies, particularly in intermodal. In conclusion, it is stated that both the United States and the EU have ideas and solutions for intermodal transport that need to be shared in order to advance intermodalism as a whole. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Automation KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Dual mode vehicles KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - High speed rail KW - Hubs KW - Integrated planning KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Pallet transfer KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Road railers KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723868 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Porter, M M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE CHALLENGE OF MANAGING AN INTERMODAL SYSTEM SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 27-30 AB - This conference presentation addresses the past, present, and future of intermodal transportation in the United States, and discusses the role of CSX Intermodal in the intermodal transportation arena. In conclusion, it is stated that private industry and the government have to be innovative in meeting the nation's freight and transportation needs for the future, and all must have the determination, persistence, and will to make intermodal transportation in this country successful. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Governments KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Private enterprise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463203 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723870 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Borrone, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 2: INTERMODAL HUB FACILITIES AND CORRIDORS. ISSUE OVERVIEW AND WRAP-UP REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 41-43,56 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled Intermodal Hub Facilities and Corridors stresses the progress being made in hub facility and corridor projects, highlights the obstacles that must be overcome, and comments on the vision for intermodal services in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The Wrap-Up Remarks comment on the opportunity to realize the vision set forth under ISTEA and on the things that can be done to achieve intermodal nirvana. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Hubs KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463205 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723864 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 1-7 AB - This second conference on intermodalism emphasized examples of effective intermodal project and plan implementation. This executive summary highlights the key observations and messages that emerged from this conference. Given the long-term, evolutionary perspective toward intermodalism adopted by the conference, these summary comments should be considered a point of departure for further consideration of intermodalism in the context of transportation planning and decision making. Concepts needing further exploration were identified. Intermodalism was viewed fundamentally as a dynamic process, one that responds to opportunities for improving the transportation system in a changing world. In summary, the conference was another step in the process of developing a true intermodal transportation system. The key concepts discussed there provide guidance on how intermodalism can be successfully incorporated into planning and investment decisions. The following global themes emerged from the conference presentations: not business as usual; partnerships; total-trip perspective; market-driven planning; customer orientation; rethinking roles and responsibilities; funding; importance of linkage; consideration of intermodalism at all levels: policy, planning, design, and operations; technology innovation; and intermodalism as opportunity. Intermodalism was viewed by many conference participants as an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the transportation system and, ultimately, to benefit society in a variety of ways. Several case studies described these benefits, which included economic, environmental, safety, and quality of life benefits. Concerning implementation, the conference presentations pointed to strategies for and approaches to project implementation that proved successful for particular situations. Presentations related to three areas: systemwide/areawide approaches, corridor or subarea applications, and site-specific strategies. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463199 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723866 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canby, A P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER ANNE P. CANBY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 17-20 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Anne P. Canby, Delaware Secretary of Transportation. Mrs. Canby points out that a guiding light for the commission was Secretary Pena's remarks on integrating all modes of transportation into a seamless system. She comments on the commission's many discussions, including those on the benefits of intermodalism and on the opportunities available through intermodalism, and remarks on the three basic areas on which recommendations were focused - making efficient intermodal transportation the goal of federal policy, increasing investment in intermodal transportation and strategically focusing any increased investment in that area, and restructuring government institutions to support intermodal transportation. She highlights the commission's recommendations in each of these areas. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Investments KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National transportation policies KW - Recommendations KW - Restructuring KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722471 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Richardson, A J AU - Ampt, E S AU - Meyburg, A H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NONRESPONSE ISSUES IN HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 79-114 AB - Sample surveys in transport are invariably associated with some level of nonresponse. The issue of nonresponse is fundamentally connected with the questions of reducing survey bias and increasing the accuracy of sample estimates. This is because nonrespondents are from segments of the population having characteristics significantly different from those of respondents. The differences are in sociodemographic characteristics and, more important, in travel behavior characteristics. Some of the background concepts of transport surveys within which nonresponse should be considered are described. In particular, the distinction between sampling error and survey bias and the trade-offs between quantity, quality, and cost of survey data are described. Ways of reducing nonresponse and the impacts of nonresponse are discussed. The need to consider all sources of nonresponse in different types of survey and the importance of using consistent methods of calculating nonresponse are stressed. The use of population expansion factors, nonreporting weights, and nonresponse weights as ways of allowing for the remaining extent of nonresponse is described. The use of these methods is demonstrated by reference to a mailback questionnaire survey. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Accuracy KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Calculation KW - Conferences KW - Households KW - Impacts KW - Innovation KW - Nonresponse (Surveys) KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Research KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462480 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722473 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lawton, T K AU - PAS, E I AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESOURCE PAPER FOR SURVEY METHODOLOGIES WORKSHOP SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 134-153 AB - The total methodological design of interrelated surveys to provide data for analysis, understanding, and modeling of household and personal activity, time use, and travel behavior is addressed. Evolving trends in models in response to current and emerging planning and policy issues are discussed to set the stage for developing data collection needs. Survey design issues are discussed, and the needs for the cross-sectional, single-day household survey of revealed behavior (revealed preference) are discussed in the context of the availability of other, often more appropriate, methods, namely stated preference/stated choice experiments and multiday, panel surveys. Sampling and sample design are discussed, first with regard to a single-day survey, then as affected by multiday design and the economies and other benefits introduced by the use of stated preference surveys and longitudinal panels. A brief description of recent and ongoing surveys in the United States is given. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Activity choices KW - Conferences KW - Consumer behavior KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Methodology KW - Panel studies KW - Research KW - Revealed preferences KW - Sample design (Surveys) KW - Sampling KW - Stated choice (Surveys) KW - Stated preferences KW - Surveys KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462482 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722467 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: NEW CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, MARCH 12-15, 1995 SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - 191 p. AB - The purpose of the conference was to determine research needs and new concepts in household travel surveys. Participants included researchers and representatives of federal, state, and local government and private industry. Resource papers were initially presented to the entire conference by appointed discussants, who summarized the papers' contents and commented on the ideas expressed in them. Authors replied, emphasizing particular issues and offering alternative interpretations to those of the discussants. Concurrent workshops were then held, covering the following topics: Nonresponse issues; Interactive stated-response methods; Survey methodologies; Data collection issues; and New technologies. Included in the Conference Proceedings are a summary report, the keynote address, the keynote paper, workshop summaries and research problem statements, and five resource papers. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/1995/cp10/cp10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462476 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722469 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jeff, G J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE ON HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: NEW CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA, MARCH 12-15, 1995. KEYNOTE ADDRESS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 9-10 AB - In this keynote address, conference participants are welcomed, the issues discussed at a 1992 Transportation Research Board (TRB) conference on transportation data needs are reviewed, and comments are made on what we have learned from conducting personal and household travel surveys, what we have learned from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, and, as we move toward the 21st century, the need to be concerned with access to data and public participation in decision making via the Information Superhighway. In conclusion, it is pointed out that we need to: do a better job of collecting data; do a better job of converting data into meaningful information; make data available; and ask ourselves who has access to the data, statistics, and information we collect and make available. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Access control (Communications) KW - Conferences KW - Data access KW - Data collection KW - Data needs KW - Data protection KW - Households KW - Information organization KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462478 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722470 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stopher, P R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: CUTTING-EDGE CONCEPTS FOR THE NEXT CENTURY. KEYNOTE PAPER SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 11-23 AB - This keynote paper focuses on how United States travel surveys are executed and how they will be executed in the future. It examines where we are in the development of household travel surveys, what forces have shaped travel surveys being conducted today, and what changes will affect the evolution of household travel surveys. The paper is intended to raise challenges about the concepts that will transport household travel surveys into the next century. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Changes KW - Conferences KW - Evolution KW - History KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462479 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722472 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - LEE-GOSSELIN, MEH AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SCOPE AND POTENTIAL OF INTERACTIVE STATED RESPONSE DATA COLLECTION METHODS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 115-133 AB - The scope of the growing number of interactive data collection methods directed at transport user response in future situations is reviewed. A brief introduction is given to the application of these methods under both the utility-maximization framework and a series of alternative assumptions about travel choice proposed by Garling. It is suggested that the term most used in this domain of transport surveys, stated preference (SP), should be reserved for a particular subset of a diverse body of techniques that deserve a new nomenclature under the general term stated response (SR). A taxonomy of four classes of SR approaches according to whether constraints or behavioral outcomes (or both) are predefined rather than elicited in the survey designs is presented. In view of the considerable existing literature on conventional SP, the discussion focuses mostly on the other SR approaches. Examples of these approaches are given from travel survey research, as well as some broad guidelines for the selection of techniques and some directions for further research. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Consumer behavior KW - Data collection KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Methodology KW - Research KW - Stated preferences KW - Stated response (Surveys) KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462481 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722474 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stecher, C C AU - Bricka, S AU - Goldenberg, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL BEHAVIOR SURVEY DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 154-169 AB - There exists a tremendous variety in the structure and form of instruments to collect household travel data. The basis for most instruments was the in-home interview used in the 1950s and 1960s. Current instruments reflect changes in data collection methods, from in-home to mailback or telephone retrieval. The amount and type of information desired to be collected have also changed with the requirements of new legislation and the underlying transportation planning and forecasting models. Current issues in household travel survey instrumentation are discussed, including the pros and cons of various approaches, and recommendations for future practice are presented. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462483 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00722468 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stopher, P R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL SURVEYS: NEW CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH NEEDS SN - 0309062101 PY - 1996 IS - 10 SP - p. 1-8 AB - This paper is a summary of the Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research Needs, held in Irvine California, March 12-15, 1995. It provides background information, outlines the conference objectives, summarizes each of the five workshops, and presents the overarching themes that emerged from the workshops. These themes are: concerns about standards and best practice; concerns that quantity of sample and budget are too often the drivers of surveys, because clients do not know what a "good" survey is; nonresponse; expectations of random digit dialing becoming increasingly difficult; and need for research to determine how to perform surveys better. U1 - Conference on Household Travel Surveys: New Concepts and Research NeedsTransportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics.Irvine, California StartDate:19950312 EndDate:19950315 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. KW - Conferences KW - Households KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Travel surveys KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/462477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720367 AU - Brecher, A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES PY - 1995/11 SP - 57 p. AB - This report examines materials research programs across all operating Administrations within the U.S. Department of Transportation. It is the department's first report on ongoing and planned research and technology efforts in advanced materials. The report was published in support of the Administration's initiative to establish an integrated program of research designed to enhance the performance and longevity of the Nation's transportation infrastructure. It is intended to provide the department's customers with a consolidated report of materials-related research projects. The report highlights opportunities for joint research and near-term applications of advanced materials technologies. The report discusses the department's research efforts in two major areas: 1) advanced materials research for transportation infrastructure applications, such as the use of solid waste materials in highway construction, or the development of high performance concrete for bridge construction, and 2) advanced materials-related research for vehicles and other applications, such as the use of composite materials to construct lighter-weight and stronger containers to transport hazardous materials, or the use of new inspection procedures to determine the structural integrity of aircraft. KW - Bridge construction KW - Bridges KW - Composite materials KW - Construction KW - Container construction materials KW - Containers KW - Development KW - Industrial materials KW - Infrastructure KW - Materials KW - Materials performance KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Road construction KW - Solid wastes KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720093 AU - Gross, M AU - Feldman, R N AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 1996 PY - 1995/11 SP - 370 p. AB - National Transportation Statistics is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportation modes - air, automobile, bus, truck, transit, rail, water, and pipeline. Basic descriptors such as operating revenues/expenses, number of vehicles and employees, vehicle- and passenger-miles, and passenger and freight operations, are included. The sections under "The State of Transportation" identify trends in transportation performance and safety. The sections under "Transportation and its Costs" illustrate the interrelationship between transportation and the economy. Transportation and energy consumption, intensiveness, transport, and supply and demand, as well as the effect transportation has on the environment, are shown in the sections under "Transportation, Energy, and the Environment". Additionally, selected preliminary statistics from the 1993 Commodity Flow Survey are presented under "Transportation - Special Focus". Summary statistics, in five year increments, are provided for the years 1960-1993 and for 1994, where available. In some instances, data extend back to 1955 and are forecast through 1998. KW - Air transportation KW - Bus transportation KW - Commodity flow KW - Economic factors KW - Economy KW - Employees KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Freight handling KW - Freight operations KW - Highway transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Operating revenues KW - Passenger miles KW - Passenger operations KW - Passengers KW - Performance KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation safety KW - Transportation statistics KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Trucking KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicles KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01548142 AU - Gattis, J L AU - Mack Blackwell National Rural Transportation Center AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Supplemental Signing for Stop Signs PY - 1995/10//Final Report SP - 62p AB - Signs warning motorists that "traffic on the cross street does not stop" can be found at some intersections that are not all-way stop-controlled. These CROSS TRAFFIC signs have been installed to furnish a special warning where some motorists on the minor approaches may incorrectly assume that the major crossing street also has STOP signs. Some of the signs have been installed only for a short duration, in conjunction with the change of an all-way to a two-way stop; other installations have been permanent. The variety of CROSS TRAFFIC signs that have arisen lack uniformity of message, color, shape, and placement location. A literature review and two surveys were conducted to examine: 1. the present usage of CROSS TRAFFIC signs; 2. the circumstances under which these signs have been installed; 3. studies of the effectiveness of the signs; and 4. the issue of "where do we go from here?" The accident data reviewed offered mixed results about the sign's effectiveness: at some locations the signs seemed to reduce accident frequencies, while at others, accidents continued in spite of the presence of the signs. Expanded use of the signs could cause drivers to come to expect them at all two-way stop-control situations. It is suggested that the signs be used only on a very limited basis, and at locations where statements from those violating the signs suggest repeated incidents of driver misperception. This policy is recommended until more information on the long term impact of the signs and a study of alternative approaches have been completed. KW - Cross traffic KW - Intersections KW - Literature reviews KW - Stop signs KW - Supplemental signing KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Two way stop controlled intersections KW - Warning signs UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%209504.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715240 AU - Schwenk, J C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRANSITCHEK IN THE NEW YORK CITY AND PHILADELPHIA AREAS PY - 1995/10 SP - 164 p. AB - This report documents the history and current operation of the TransitChek programs in the New York City and Philadelphia areas, evaluates their impacts on local commuters and operators, and assesses how well they have achieved the goals of the implementing organizations, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), and the participating operators and employers. Both programs have made progress toward increasing transit ridership, reducing commuter dependence on the automobile, improving employee mobility, reducing cash fare payment for operators, and fostering cooperation among operators and the transportation and business communities. The programs enable employers to compensate employees with benefits in a more cost-effective manner than a conventional salary increase, because the value of TransitChek vouchers given to employees is a tax deductible business expense. Employees receive a tax-free benefit that subsidizes their commute to work. As more employers enroll, TransitChek has the potential to convert significant numbers of riders to transit in a noncoercive way, and contribute toward regional compliance with the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act. KW - Commuter service KW - Employee benefits KW - Employer sponsored transportation KW - Mobility KW - Subsidies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5567/6961.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724695 AU - Dresley, S AU - Eversole, B S AU - Rossetti, M A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - WORLDWIDE TRANSPORTATION DIRECTORY PY - 1995/10 SP - 106 p. AB - The Directory was created to assist transportation data users, policy makers, planners, researchers, information specialists and others in locating essential information contacts and statistical agencies in different countries. It lists, by continent, 1,751 contact points in 189 countries, plus 36 dependencies and areas of special sovereignties. Data entries were restricted primarily to government and quasi-government agencies and organizations. In addition to these, there are 59 transnational organizations that span the interests and responsibilities of several countries, and in some cases even continents. These organizations are listed separately. The Directory begins with a list of available embassy contacts accessible by electronic mail (email) through the Internet. Following that is presented a special section on transnational organizations. Next, the continents of North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania are displayed as major sections of the Directory, with listings by individual country. The Directory is also available in electronic format from the BTS. It contains expanded information including organization description, notes, and data source. KW - Air transportation KW - Directories KW - Earth KW - Government agencies KW - Highway transportation KW - International KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00741132 AU - Friedman, D N AU - Malcosky, N D AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Science Applications International Corporation TI - COMPESSED NATURAL GAS SAFETY IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS: CLEAN AIR PROGRAM PY - 1995/10 SP - 160 p. AB - This report presents an assessment of current industry practice and a summary of basic principles and general recommendations for the safe operations of compressed natural gas (CNG) transit programs. It examines safety issues of CNG buses as determined from a survey of seven transit agencies using CNG in revenue operations. The survey included site visits and interviews with transit personnel; review of records, procedures, and safety plans; examination of facilities and equipment; observation of operations; and measurement of methane concentrations in the air where the buses are fueled or stored. Recommendations are based on information gathered and lessons learned, as well as on prevailing practices in industrial engineering, safety and risk management. The report includes discussions and recommendations on CNG facility design, fueling, maintenance, vehicle storage, buses, operations, speciall concerns, emergency planning, management and safety awareness, and training. Survey findings show that CNG buses performed well and have achieved public acceptance. Some safety deficiencies were noted. Survey results pointed out differences that exist between agencies on hazard and consequence mitigation measures, such as methane monitoring in the facilities including procedures and actions upon the detection of methane, control of strong ignition sources, and others. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Clean air program KW - Compressed natural gas KW - Methane KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573745 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00737854 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SYMPOSIUM ON CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY. PROCEEDINGS PY - 1995/10 SP - 65p AB - This report presents the proceedings of a symposium on Challenges and Opportunities in Global Transportation in the Twenty-first Century. The symposium had three main objectives: to increase awareness and understanding of the enormous challenges facing the world transportation community; to explore potential technological and institutional responses available to meet changing needs; and to identify opportunities for development of new markets for U.S. transportation-related products and services. The issues that the symposium focused on included transportation in the newly developed and developing world, aviation safety and security, implications of rising motor vehicle use, and aging vehicle operators. U1 - Symposium on Challenges and Opportunities for Global Transportation in the 21st CenturyVolpe National Transportation Systems CenterCambridge, Massachusetts StartDate:19951026 EndDate:19951027 Sponsors:Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Aging KW - Automobile drivers KW - Automobile travel KW - Aviation safety KW - Developing countries KW - Earth KW - International KW - Markets KW - Security KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/54000/54600/54695/Sympoium_Challenges_Opportunities_Global.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/574862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715146 AU - Spiller, D AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - TRI-WHEELED SCOOTERS TRANSPORTED ON BUSES AND VANS: ASSESSMENT OF SECUREMENT AND RESTRAINT ISSUES PY - 1995/10 SP - 178 p. AB - Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, all "common wheelchairs and mobility aids", including tri-wheeled scooters, must be accommodated on buses and vans used in public transit service. Several transit systems have recently expressed their concerns to the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) on the safety of transporting tri-wheeled scooters and their occupants. Responding to these concerns, this report provides, for transit system staff and other interested parties, a comprehensive assessment of securement and restraint issues related to the transport of tri-wheeled scooters and their occupants on buses and vans used in public transit service. KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Bus transportation KW - Mobility aids KW - Occupant restraint KW - Public transit KW - Restraint systems KW - Scooters KW - Securement KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Three wheeled vehicles KW - Vans KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00716381 AU - Caskey, D L AU - Heermann, P D AU - Sandia National Laboratories TI - WHITE PAPER ON THE NATIONAL ITS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: TRANSIT ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1995/10 SP - 8 p. AB - As the National ITS Architecture development process approaches the final stages, a number of issues relevant to public transportation need to be explored and evaluated by the transit community. This paper raises a number of these issues and to explain them so that the appropriate discussion can take place prior to the final configuration of the national architecture. The paper also presents the authors' recommendations on ways to deal with these issues. KW - Architecture KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - System architecture KW - System design KW - User services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00716370 AU - Freedman, D M AU - Malcosky, N D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Science Applications International Corporation TI - COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS SAFETY IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS PY - 1995/10 SP - 160 p. AB - This report examines the safety issues relating to the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in transit service. The safety issues were determined by on-site surveys performed by Battelle and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) of 7 transit agencies using CNG. The survey consisted of: 1) extensive interviews; 2) review of records, procedures, and plans relating to safety; 3) examination of facilities and equipment; 4) observation of operations including fueling, maintenance, morning start-up, and revenue service; and 5) measurement of methane concentrations in the air where the buses are being fueled or stored. Interviews included all job categories associated with management, operations, safety, maintenance, acquisition, and support. The surveys also included an examination of the occupational hygiene aspects of CNG use. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Compressed natural gas KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Fire hazards KW - Fires KW - Fuel volatility KW - Fuels KW - Hazards KW - Safety KW - Training KW - Volatility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974095 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IMPACT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK: FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/09/30 SP - 142 p. AB - While there is broad consensus that Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can improve traffic flow and reduce congestion, there are very few analytical tools available to support this conclusion. This research addresses this limitation by creating an analytical tool (or framework) that could be used to predict ITS impacts and to identify potential benefits of implementing Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) user services. The framework developed represents an innovative design which incorporates the strengths of widely used planning and simulation models into an integrated modeling methodology. The resulting framework improves the sensitivity and capability of currently available transportation models to assess impacts and identify potential benefits of implementing different combinations of ATMS technology. The demonstration corridor for this project was the I880 Bay Area corridor located in Alameda County, California which extends from San Leandro through Fremont, to just north of the town of Milpitas. The analysis indicated that operational performance of the demonstration corridor is boosted in terms of a general increase in speed and reduction in total delay due to ATMS user services. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Alameda County (California) KW - Benefits KW - Forecasting KW - Impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811201 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM - TRANSPORTATION ISTEA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SERVER NET PROTOTYPE POOLED FUND STUDY: PROPOSAL AND PROJECT PLAN PY - 1995/09/29 AB - The transportation problems facing this nation continue to be increasingly complex. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) represents the nation's response to this challenge and expresses a significant shift in national transportation policy. Caught in the middle of this policy shift are the transportation agencies responsible for implementing this new policy. The needs of these organizations are beginning to far outpace their ability to deliver. If these organizations are going to survive, they must develop new strategies to deal with this impending crisis. Because of the indivisible relationship of transportation and geography, Geographic Information System (GIS) and related technologies stand unique in their potential application to these requirements. The application of GIS to transportation is now commonly known as GIS-T. With only a few exceptions, state departments of transportation are undertaking GIS-T development, pursuing a variety of strategies. The overall objective of this project is to develop and make available to participating state transportation organizations GIS-T server net prototypes supporting the requirements of the ISTEA Management Systems. These systems are envisioned to be computing and data management environments consisting of a variety of interconnected technologies dedicated to collecting, managing, analyzing and disseminating the geographic and transportation information necessary for intermodal, multijurisdictional transportation management activities. KW - Analysis KW - Computers KW - Data collection KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Policy KW - Proposals KW - Prototypes KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/pfs2.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322742 AU - Luedeke, Jonathan F AU - Battelle AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Safety of High Speed Ground Transportation System: Analytical Methodology for Safety Validation of Computer Controlled Subsystem. Volume 1:State-of-the-Art and Safety Verification/Validation PY - 1995/09//Final Report SP - 217p AB - This report describes the development of a methodology designed to assure that a sufficiently high achieved and maintained in computer-based system which perform safety critical functions in high-speed rail or magnetic levitation transportation system. This report consists of two volumes. This, the first presents a glossary of relevant computer technology terminology to assure consistency of use and understanding. A state-of-the-art review of safety verification and validation processes worldwide is presented. Following the review, these processes are assessed relative to their degree of assured safety as well as their potential applicability to safety critical system in US rail transport at i on system. The second volume builds upon the information developed in the first volume and describes a methodology which has been developed specifically for application to computer-controlled system used in railroad applications in the United States. KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed rail KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety standards KW - Validation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34500/34577/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-95-8-v1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1084090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00769283 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - TDS Economics TI - TRUCK TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS: 1-BUTANOL PY - 1995/09 SP - 44 p. AB - The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the U.S. in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. Highway, water, and rail account for nearly all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. This report presents estimates of truck shipments of 1-butanol, one of the 147 large-volume chemicals that account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. All of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in an environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flow from producers to consumers, is thus subject to change. KW - 1-Butanol KW - Chemical plants KW - Chemical producers KW - Chemical tankers KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00769284 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - TDS Economics TI - TRUCK TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS: DODECENE-1 PY - 1995/09 SP - 36 p. AB - The transport of hazardous materials by all modes is a major concern of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Estimates place the total amount of hazardous materials transported in the U.S. in excess of 1.5 billion tons per year. Highway, water, and rail account for nearly all hazardous materials shipments; air shipments are negligible. Fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, account for about half of all hazardous materials transported. Chemicals account for most of the remainder. This report presents estimates of truck shipments of dodecene-1, one of the 147 large-volume chemicals (non-fuel) that account for at least 80 percent of U.S. truck shipments of hazardous chemicals. All of the reports in this series are based on the best available information at the time the research was conducted. The U.S. chemical industry, however, operates in an environment in which markets, production processes, and distribution requirements can change substantially from year to year. The information in this report on (a) chemical producers and their plant locations, (b) consuming plants and their locations, and (c) the estimated traffic flow from producers to consumers, is thus subject to change. KW - Chemical plants KW - Chemical producers KW - Chemical tankers KW - Dodecene-1 KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Shipments KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/503293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765955 AU - Blythe, K E AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES PROGRAM: ANALYSIS OF ITS OPERATIONAL TESTS FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1995/09 SP - 115 p. AB - Twelve Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) activities were chosen by the Federal Highway Administration to be the subjects of case studies. The case studies were performed under the ITS Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was developed in response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The objective of each case study was to determine (1) institutional issues and legal impediments encountered during the establishment of partnerships and deployment of IVHS services and products during the operational test, (2) the point in the life cycle of the operational test at which the impediments occurred, (3) how project partners and participants overcame impediments, and (4) lessons that were learned that are applicable to future deployments of ITS products and services. This report summarizes the institutional issues and lessons learned from six case studies: the Guidestar Program, which includes the Genesis and Travlink operational tests, and the FAST-TRAC, Houston Smart Commuter, SaFIRES, SmarTraveler, and TravelAid operational tests. This report also makes recommendations for improving the performance of future operational tests and deployments of ITS products and services and presents a comparison of the findings and recommendations of this report and the report which summarizes the first six case studies, "Institutional Issues and Case Studies: Analysis and Lessons Learned." KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deployment KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal issues KW - Partnerships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01548145 AU - Elliott, Robert P AU - Arif, Mohammad AU - Mack Blackwell National Rural Transportation Center AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Layer Coefficient/ACHM Stabilized Base PY - 1995/08//Final Report SP - 158p AB - This study was to determine an appropriate layer coefficient for the Asphalt Concrete Hot Mix Base Course (ACHMBC) used by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD). Examination of the specifications for the material showed it to be superior to the asphalt stabilized base used in the AASHO Road Test. The coefficient estimated for the AASHO material was 0.34. Laboratory tests were conducted on ACHMBC cores from eight projects to determine typical resilient modulus and split tensile strength properties. Coefficients were estimated for each project from the resilient modulus data in the manner prescribed in the 1993 AASHTO Guide. These coefficients ranged from 0.36 to 0.52. Coefficients were also estimated using the AASHTO Guide method for determining the effective structural number (SN sub eff) for flexible pavement overlay design. These ranged from 0.34 to 0.40 with an average of 0.37. The split tensile strength data were evaluated using the AAMAS relative fatigue classification. This analysis found the ACHMBC from the projects sampled to be superior to the AASHO Road Test surface and binder mixes which were assigned coefficients of 0.44. The study recommends that a value of 0.36 be assigned as the layer coefficient for AHTD's ACHMBC. KW - Arkansas KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Base stabilization (Pavements) KW - Flexible pavements KW - Laboratory tests KW - Layer coefficient (Pavements) KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Tensile strength UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%209201.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335512 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01173249 AU - Oman, Charles M AU - Huntley, M Stephen AU - Rasmussen, Scott A AU - Robinson, S K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - The Use of Analog Track Angle Error Displays Improve Simulated GPS Approach Performance PY - 1995/08//Final Report SP - 60p AB - The effect of adding track angle error (TAE) information to general aviation aircraft cockpit displays used for GPS non-precision instrument approaches was studied experimentally. Six pilots flew 120 approaches in a Frasca 242 light twin aircraft simulator using crosswind and turbulence. Twenty-five-mile-long approach geometries were used, with and without 45 degree dogleg turns on final approach. Performance and workload using three TAE display formats were compared against results with two control formats presenting cross track error (XTE) only. Pilots found that the TAE displays simplified determination of wind correction angle, and that they consistently chose to use analog rather than numeric TAE data. Statistically significant differences between display formats and between pilots were found. The largest average improvement in initial leg intercept and tracking performance resulted when the conventional "ten dot" XTE display was supplemented with a sliding pointer display of TAE, moving in the same direction as aircraft bank. A second TAE format, a sliding/rotating pointer integrated display, yielded the greatest improvement (35X) in the width of the short final approach flight technical error envelope, but pilots reported occasional problems interpreting this display. Both of these TAE formats improved final approach intercept and tracking performance after 45 degree turning maneuvers. The addition of TAE information to the receiver display helped pilots create outer loop lead, and yielded approach performance improvements comparable to relocating XTE information to an HSI within the pilot's primary scan. Bedford workload scores were not significantly influenced by display format, but were found to depend on approach geometry and phase. U1 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft operations KW - Flight simulators KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human machine interface KW - Instrument displays KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Navigation systems KW - Tracking systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33500/33510/33510.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01102898 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - United States Coast Guard TI - Advanced Communications Project: Shipboard Communications Center Modernization Recommendations Report PY - 1995/08 SP - 108p AB - This report proposes an overall USCG architecture based on the Navy's Copernicus Architecture that is interoperable with US Navy systems present and future. Specifically, this architecture is based on the Copernicus' Communication Support System (CSS) architectural framework which provides a mechanism allowing for both change and growth in requirements and technology. This concept relies upon the separation of the existing and planned users from direct access and control of the set of radio frequency assets ("resources") available on each platform. It "inserts" a software/hardware "framework" between the users and the communications systems and provides multi-link communications services to the composite collection of communication users. A cornerstone of this concept is that the communication users are not aware of the media employed to transfer data to or from other users. The users are also not aware of data rate, coding mechanisms, link protocols, or timing relationships. The users regard the CSS as only providing the communications services which they specified in terms of distribution, security, quality, timeliness, and throughput. This study proposes an Integrated Communications Architecture (ICA) and the goal Integrated Communications System (ICS) implementation of the architecture for the WHEC and WMEC class Coast Guard vessels. The goal system is based upon an open and scaleable communications design utilizing commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and Non-Development Item (NDI) technologies. The architecture meets current and near-term cutter requirements, and provides a platform for future growth with minimum cost, technical risks, and “down time”. It permits modular system development, reconfiguration, incremental expansion, and encourages system definition and development using standards available in the public domain. KW - Communication systems KW - Radio KW - Recommendations KW - Satellite communication KW - Shipboard KW - United States Coast Guard UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19100/19132/PB2002104566.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/850107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724708 AU - Joksch, H C AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIRBAG FATALITIES APPROXIMATION FOR PASSENGER CAR FLEET PY - 1995/08 SP - 112 p. AB - This study estimated how much airbags reduce the fatailty risk in crashes for drivers and right front seat occupants of passenger cars. Four different approaches were used to make the estimate. One compared fatality rates per registered vehicle year, another compared the fatality risks of the drivers of two colliding cars, the third compared the fatality rates of drivers and right front seat occupants of the same car, and the fourth compared the distribution of impact points on cars between airbag and nonairbag cars where the driver, or the right front seat occupant was killed. Statisical techniques were used to control for the effects of several confounding factors. Separate estimates were made for car weight classes, and driver age classes, and attempted for some crash conditions. Overall, airbags reduce the driver fatality risk in a crash. However, it appears to differ between vehicle classes and crash types. It may be higher than 60% in certain crash types, and there might be no overall effect for certain car classes. It is strongest in frontal impacts, and there primarily in 12 o'clock impacts. There may be no effect in other than frontal impacts. When belts are not used, airbags appear to have no overall effect, though they have an effect in frontal impacts. When belts are used, airbags do offer additional protection, in frontal as well as in all impacts. KW - Air bags KW - Crash conditions KW - Effectiveness KW - Estimates KW - Fatalities KW - Frontal crashes KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Passenger cars KW - Prevention KW - Restraint systems KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00723878 AU - Brodesky, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AIR QUALITY CASE STUDIES REPORT PY - 1995/08 SP - 102 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recognizes that many metropolitan areas are struggling with how to respond adequately to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) and the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), particularly the process for establishing the conformity of the transportation improvement programs (TIPs) and long-range transportation plans. Political representatives and technical staff from state, regional, and local governments have asked the Federal Government to provide more information on the air quality conformity processes that have been adopted by different metropolitan areas. These case studies document the processes in the Denver, Raleigh-Durham, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C., nonattainment areas, focusing on travel demand and air quality modeling. Also included is information on regional demographic and economic forecasting, jurisdictional and institutional issues, technical issues and concerns, and the estimated cost of determining conformity. The conformity processes in each of the case studies were conducted under the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Interim Conformity Guidance. Even with the issuance of the Final Conformity Guidance in November 1993, the case studies contain relevant information that could prove useful to different metropolitan areas in preparing the next round of conformity analyses. KW - Air quality KW - Air quality models KW - Case studies KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Clean air act amendments 1990 KW - Conformity KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Raleigh Metropolitan Area KW - Travel demand KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460211 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712868 AU - Trommer, S E AU - Jewell, M AU - Peskin, R AU - Schwenk, J C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DEEP DISCOUNT FARE STRATEGIES PY - 1995/08 SP - 144 p. AB - This report evaluates the success of a fare pricing strategy known as deep discounting, that entails the bulk sale of transit tickets or tokens to customers at a significant discount compared to the full fare single ticket price. This market-driven strategy is often introduced simultaneously with a fare increase, not only to retain current ridership, but also to increase ridership among infrequent riders and new customers. The report describes motivation, history, and features of the deep discount strategies of the three cities, Denver, Philadelphia, and Richmond, evaluates each version, and makes a site-specific and general conclusion about the effectiveness and deep discounting. KW - Discount KW - Discount fares KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - Pricing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01354551 AU - Carroll, Anya A AU - Multer, Jordan AU - Markos, Stephanie H AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Safety of Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings: Use of Auxiliary External Alerting Devices to Improve Locomotive Conspicuity PY - 1995/07//Final Report SP - 153p AB - Historically, highway-railroad grade crossings have represented a major hazard to motor vehicle drivers. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) has initiated a comprehensive research program to address grade crossing safety issues in order to reduce the number of train-motor vehicle collisions. One area of study investigates measures to improve the ability of motor vehicle drivers to detect the approach of the train at grade crossings by enhancing train conspicuity. The FRA has identified several types of auxiliary external alerting light arrangements as acceptable locomotive conspicuity measures and issued two Interim Rules in 1993 and 1994. This study investigated the performance of currently available external visual alerting devices for installation on locomotives. A variety of passive (paint schemes and reflective materials) and active (lights) systems were reviewed. These devices were evaluated in terms of their ability to assist the motorist to: (1) detect the approaching train, (2) recognize the potential of the hazard, and (3) estimate its approach, and thus avoid a collision with a train at a grade crossing. Controlled field testing was conducted to measure the effect of selected locomotive alerting light systems on observers. In-service railroad test operational experience for locomotives equipped with crossing lights, used in combination with the standard headlight, was also evaluated in terms of capital costs, maintenance, operational concerns, and accident data. The results of the controlled field tests indicate that the use of selected alerting light systems, rather than use of the standard headlight alone, is an effective means of enhancing locomotive visibility. The preliminary in-service accident data provided by participating railroads indicates a potential for significant accident rate reduction with the use of the crossing light system. KW - Crosswalk warning lights KW - Highway safety KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad trains KW - Signal lights KW - Visibility UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33500/33508/33508.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1118253 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721743 AU - Wooster, J T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCIAL STATISTICS. FISCAL YEARS 1982-1992 PY - 1995/07 SP - 52 p. AB - The Federal, State and Local Transportation Financial Statistics report is the latest in a series that identifies and details transportation-related revenues and expenditures by mode and government jurisdiction for fiscal years 1982 through 1992. The report also examines intergovernmental transactions and their effects on final expenditure levels, and addresses which transportation expenditures are paid directly by users and the degree to which transportation expenditures are covered by user charges and transportation related collections. KW - Costs KW - Expenditures KW - Financial analysis KW - Revenues KW - User costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719552 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of the Commandant. TI - REGULATORY ASSESSMENT OF SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING ON STRUCTURAL MEASURES FOR EXISTING SINGLE-HULL TANKERS; FINAL REPT PY - 1995/07 SP - 179 p. AB - This Regulatory Assessment (RA) examines certain alternative pollution prevention measures on a selected range of existing single-hull tank vessel categories. First, a screening analysis was conducted to evaluate the impacts of certain structural measures on a selected number of baseline analytical tank vessel models. The screening analysis included an estimation of onetime expenses associated with refitting the vessel at a shipyard, the cost of losing cargo carrying capacity due to the implementation of a measure that would not allow cargo carriage in certain tanks or above certain levels, and other costs such as loss of revenue during the shipyard period. Second, a detailed analysis was conducted to estimate the costs and benifits of those measures which were deemed the most effective at reducing oil outflow on the affected existing single-hull tank vessel fleet. The detailed analysis included a breakdown of costs and benefits, and included a cost-benefit analysis over the potential 19-year period that this regulation would be in effect. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Capitalized costs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Hulls KW - Naval architecture KW - Oil spills KW - Operating costs KW - Outflow KW - Regulation KW - Regulations KW - Retrofitting KW - Rule making KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship structural components KW - Tankers KW - Water pollution abatement KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720055 AU - Mayville, R A AU - Stringfellow, R G AU - Rancatore, R J AU - Hosmer, T P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - LOCOMOTIVE CRASHWORTHINESS RESEARCH. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 1: MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION PY - 1995/07 SP - 51 p. AB - The model developed to simulate the head-on collision of two lead locomotives, each in a multi-locomotive, multi-trailing-vehicle train, appears to provide a good simulation of the resulting extent of override and crush in the lead locomotives. Results of this study show that trailing vehicles (nonlocomotives) and the effects of derailment need not be modeled to predict the crush response of the lead locomotives. Comparison of the model predictions to observations for three accidents described in Federal Railroad Administration reports are all in good agreement. Although the model has been validated for closing speeds up to 43 mph, we believe that it can provide useful results on lead locomotive crush response for higher speeds. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Crash data KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Crush response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight trains KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Locomotive cab safety KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Speed KW - Survival UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13236/ord9508_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720057 AU - Mayville, R A AU - Stringfellow, R G AU - Rancatore, R J AU - Hosmer, T P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - LOCOMOTIVE CRASHWORTHINESS RESEARCH. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 3: REVIEW AND DISCUSSION OF FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE CRASHWORTHINESS CONCEPTS PY - 1995/07 SP - 28 p. AB - The results of the study, summarized in this report, suggest that a cost-effective improvement in locomotive crashworthiness is feasible, at least for a few of the features. In particular, a performance specification that requires ductile collision posts with greater strength appears to yield the clearest practical benefit. A crash refuge that is relatively simple to enter and provides a direct means of "riding down" a collision also has merit. Finally, an improvement in the penetration resistance of glazing and the continued use of some other features related to openings in the cab appear to have utility, although confirmation through a review of accident statistics is warranted to show benefit. KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Freight trains KW - Improvements KW - Locomotive cab safety KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Simulation KW - Survival UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6800/6884/ord9508_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720054 AU - Mayville, R A AU - Stringfellow, R G AU - Rancatore, R J AU - Hosmer, T P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - LOCOMOTIVE CRASHWORTHINESS RESEARCH. FINAL REPORT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1995/07 SP - 22 p. AB - Arthur D. Little and its subcontractors, Arvin/Calspan and Parsons Brinckerhoff, conducted studies of locomotive crashworthiness in support of the Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA's) response to Public Law 102-365. This includes a statement that the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct research and analysis to consider the costs and benefits associated with equipping locomotives with the following crashworthiness features: Braced collision posts; Crash refuges; Rollover protection devices; Uniform sill heights; Deflection plates; Anticlimbers, Shatterproof windows; and Equipment to deter post-collision entry of flammable liquids. KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Freight trains KW - Locomotive cab safety KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Survival UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13233/ord9508.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720056 AU - Mayville, R A AU - Stringfellow, R G AU - Rancatore, R J AU - Hosmer, T P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - LOCOMOTIVE CRASHWORTHINESS RESEARCH. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 2: DESIGN CONCEPT GENERATION AND EVALUATION PY - 1995/07 SP - 62 p. AB - The overall approach to the project included information gathering on locomotive design and crashworthiness; the development of computer models to evaluate crashworthiness; and the generation, evaluation, and prioritization of design concepts that could potentially improve locomotive cab survivability. No testing was included in the program. Rather, models were validated to the extent possible by comparing predicted results to actual accidents. This report describes the freight locomotive crashworthiness concepts generated in the project, together with their evaluation using computer models whose development and validation were described in Volume 1. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Crash data KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight trains KW - Locomotive cab safety KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Survival UR - http://www.volpe.dot.gov/coi/pis/docs/1995/rail_cw_1995_6.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13237/ord9508_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720058 AU - Mayville, R A AU - Stringfellow, R G AU - Rancatore, R J AU - Hosmer, T P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - LOCOMOTIVE CRASHWORTHINESS RESEARCH. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 4: ADDITIONAL FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE CALCULATIONS PY - 1995/07 SP - 30 p. AB - Previously developed computer models (see Volume 1) are used to carry out additional calculations for evaluation of road freight locomotive crashworthiness. The effect of fewer locomotives (as would be expected after transition from DC motor to higher-traction AC motor locomotive) is investigated and found to benefit cab crashworthiness to the same degree as would incorporation of high strength collision posts in head-on collisions at 30 mph closing speed. The effects of cab structure improvements are also investigated for higher closing speeds. KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Freight trains KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact KW - Impact speed KW - Improvements KW - Locomotive cab safety KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Simulation KW - Speed KW - Survival UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22300/22353/ord9508_4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00716369 AU - EG&G Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF EN-ROUTE TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1995/07 SP - 108 p. AB - This study reviews the current efforts to design, develop and implement en-route transit information systems (ERTISs) and discusses the state-of-the-art in ERTISs. The objectives of the study were: Conduct a review of existing ERTISs in North America and those under development; Assess their status in terms of design, development, and implementation; Assess the extent to which travelers use ERTISs; Identify major issues associated with ERTIS implementation; Review the User Service Development Plan for ERTIS and identify the progress that has been made toward the Plan, and identify areas in which further work needs to be done in order to meet the Plan's objectives and schedule; and, Prepare a document that describes the state-of-the-art in ARTISs, discuss the progress being made against the Plan, and recommend areas which need further work. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Design KW - Development KW - En-route transit information systems KW - Implementation KW - Passenger information systems KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology assessment KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56539/reviewassessmen9603eggd_0.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/4343.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01449501 AU - LaFrance-Linden, Dawn AU - DeBlasio, Allan J AU - Jackson, David W AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Intelligent Transportation Systems Institutional and Legal Issues Program: Review of the SaFIRES Operational Test PY - 1995/06//Final Report SP - 62p AB - The SaFIRES operational test was chosen by the Federal Highway Administration to be the subject of a case study. Several case studies were performed under the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was developed in response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Act of 1991. The objective of each case study was to determine the institutional issues and legal impediments encountered during the establishment of partnerships and deployment of ITS services and products during the operational test; the point in the life cycle of the operational test at which the impediments occurred; how project partners and participants overcame impediments; and lessons that were learned that were applicable to future deployments of ITS products and services. This case study also describes the operational test and documents its history. Interviews for this case study were conducted during the summer of 1994. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal constraints KW - Lessons learned KW - Route deviation KW - Smart Flex-route Integrated Real-time Enhancement System UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45900/45914/DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-95-03.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1216247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719158 AU - Osborne, D W AU - Huntley, M S AU - Turner, J W AU - Donovan, C M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EFFECT OF INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE CHART DESIGN ON PILOT SEARCH SPEED AND RESPONSE ACCURACY: FLIGHT TEST RESULTS PY - 1995/06 SP - 110 p. AB - This report describes an experiment which examined the effects of instrument approach procedure (IAP) chart design on pilot search speed and response accuracy. Ten pilots currently licensed for instrument flight participated as subjects. Pilots used charts depicted in either National Ocean Service (NOS) format or a prototype format to fly a series of instrument approaches. During these approaches, pilots were asked a set of questions pertaining the charter information. Pilots were able to find information faster on the prototype chart than the NOS chart, and they indicated a clear preference for the prototype format over the NOS format. These findings are consistent with the outcome of the past research. This is the final effort in a series of evaluations by the Volpe Center Cockpit Human Factors Program to format IAP chart information to more closely conform to the way pilots actually use the information. KW - Airborne navigational aids KW - Airline pilots KW - Cockpit resource management KW - Information management KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument flying KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00713027 AU - Najm, W AU - Mironer, M AU - Koziol, J AU - Wang, J-S AU - Knipling, R R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SYNTHESIS REPORT: EXAMINATION OF TARGET VEHICULAR CRASHES AND POTENTIAL ITS COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/06 SP - 64 p. AB - This report synthesizes the results of a preliminary analysis of nine major target crashes: (1) rear-end, (2) backing, (3) lane change and merge, (4) single vehicle roadway departure, (5) opposite direction, (6) signalized intersection, straight crossing path, (7) unsignalized intersection, straight crossing path, (8) left turn across path, and (9) reduced visibility. This report provides statistical descriptions of target crash sizes and characteristics, identifies crash subtypes and causal factors, defines Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Collision Avoidance System (CAS) concepts, and includes a sample of kinematic models representing crash avoidance actions. A case-by-case examination of a sample of 1,183 crashes identified 18 crash subtypes and showed that driver recognition and driver decision errors were the primary causes of 44% and 23% of target crashes, respectively. The CAS concepts discussed in this report provide mechanisms of intervention in three basic categories: advisory, warning, and automatic control intervention. Crash avoidance actions are kinematically modeled as applied to target crash subtypes in terms of braking, steering, and holding course actions. This report concludes by highlighting key results of the analysis. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash causes KW - Crash types KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Kinematics KW - Mathematical models KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/1722.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103257 AU - Little, Cheryl AU - Luscher, Daniel AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - ITS Societel Impacts: Current Knowledge and Research Needs PY - 1995/05 SP - 133p AB - This report reviews and critiques the current state of knowledge of the potential social impacts of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and recommends research actions to fill in gaps in crucual knowledge. A primary mission of the Department of Transportation (DOT) is to advance societal benefits through the development and reinforcement of the nation's transportation system. Currently, the Department is shifting its focus from building surface infrastructure to making it 'work better through adaptation and modernization.' KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Infrastructure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - Social impacts KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16300/16341/PB2000103521.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/862955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730709 AU - Hannon, D J AU - Huntley, M S AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - ELECTRONIC DEPICTION OF INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE (IAP) CHARTS. PHASE 1. DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION PY - 1995/05 SP - 64 p. AB - The report describes the research program being conducted at the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center on the development of electronic aeronautical charts. The design of electronic aeronautical navigation charts raised many interrelated human factors issues including those pertaining to the physical aspects of the display screens (e.g., location in the cockpit, screen resolution, color capability, brightness range) and those affecting the pilot interaction with the software (i.e., pilot interpretation of the information presented). A limited amount of research has been conducted on the design of electronic chart systems for instrument approach procedure (IAP) charts. The results have indicated that not all of the information printed currently on paper IAP charts is needed to fly instrument approached. Current issues in electronic chart design are discussed in the report. KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Approach control KW - Electronic navigation KW - Electronic navigation aids KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument landing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726704 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENHANCED PLANNING REVIEW OF THE NEW YORK CITY METROPOLITAN AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/05 SP - 48 p. AB - The FTA and FHWA have initiated a series of joint Enhanced Planning Reviews (EPRs) to assess the impact of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) on the planning processes conducted by the transportation agencies serving metropolitan areas. The EPRs are also intended to determine the effects of planning on transportation investment processes. The information collected in the EPRs is intended to be of assistance to individual metropolitan areas in their continuing efforts to improve transportation planning practice, and to federal agencies in formulating policy and identifying technical assistance needs among federal agencies engaged in metropolitan planning. KW - City planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Planning KW - Policy making KW - Technical assistance UR - http://web.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/plnrpt/Nyc-htm.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/enhanpln.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00681623 AU - Aftandilian, E AU - Thompson, A AU - Unisys Corporation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1993 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1995/05 SP - 80 p. AB - The 1993 Safety Management Information Statistics (SAMIS) report, now in its fourth year of publication, is a compilation and analysis of transit accident and casualty statistics uniformly collected from approximately 400 transit agencies throughout the country. The safety data presented in this annual report are collected via Form 405 of the FTA Section 15 Reporting System. This report contains trend analysis graphs as well as new graphs/tables that include collisions, personal casualties, derailments, fires and property damage per specified period of time (day, hour, minute). There are 18 new Trend Analysis graphs and tables by individual transit modes. SAMIS reports safety statistics for the following transit modes: motor bus, automated guideway, commuter rail, light rail, demand response, and vanpool. KW - Annual reports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bus transportation KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Commuter cars KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Light rail transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety management KW - Statistics KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207228 AU - Cardosi, Kim M AU - Murphy, Elizabeth D AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Human Factors Checklist for the Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems PY - 1995/04//Final Report SP - 78p AB - This document presents human factors issues that should be considered in tho design and evaluation of air traffic control (ATC! systems and subsystems. Tho checklist is a companion document to Human Factors in tho Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems. Tho goal of this checklist is to point air traffic controllers and other operations specialists to questions that they may wish to consider in their evaluation of now systems or subsystems, or a now component of an existing system. Some checklist items may be used as a rough filter for known design flaws; others are more appropriate for group discussion. The numbers in parenthesis at the and of each checklist item refer to the section in Human Factors in the Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems that discusses the issue. This mapping allows the checklist user to learn about tho basis for the item, why it is important, and the implications of compromise. Checklist items marked with an 'I* indicate items that must be assessed with equipment and/or by referring to tho specifications documentation. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Airport operations KW - Aviation safety KW - Checklists KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Questionnaires UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33632/33632.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00737760 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS PY - 1995/04 SP - 760 p. AB - This document presents human factors issues that should be considered in the design and evaluation of air traffic control (ATC) systems and subsystems. It provides background material on the capabilities and limitations of humans as information processors and discusses issues in: ATC automation, computer-human interface, workstation design, workload and performance measurement, controller team formation and activites, and human factors testing and evaluation. The goal of this material is to help air traffic controllers and other operations specialists identify potential problems by alerting them to known design flaws and providing them with information as to why some design options may be undesirable or operationally unsuitable. This document presents design goals based on human factors principles, standards, and guidelines. KW - Air traffic control KW - Automatic traffic control KW - Human factors KW - Information processing KW - System design KW - Traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33633/33633.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730607 AU - Semble, A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ATC HUMAN FACTORS CHECKLIST, USER'S MANUAL PY - 1995/04 SP - 62 p. AB - This electronic checklist is a companion to the paper document - Human Factors in the Design and Evaluation of Air Traffic Control Systems. The items contained in this checklist have been derived from this handbook. The primary purpose of the checklist is to point air traffic and other operations specialists to human factors issues that they may wish to include in their consideration of a new system, subsystem, or a new component of an existing system. The responses of operations specialists to the checklist items can help to focus group discussions and identify issues that should be addressed in every stage of the acquisition process, from the development of system requirements to formal operational testing KW - Air traffic controllers KW - Computer program documentation KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic systems KW - Human factors KW - Manuals KW - Personnel performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730710 AU - Huntley, M S AU - Turner, J W AU - Donovan, C S AU - Madigan, E AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - FAA AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION HUMAN FACTORS AND OPERATIONS CHECKLIST FOR STANDALONE GPS RECEIVERS (TSO C129 CLASS A) PY - 1995/04 SP - 286 p. AB - This document is a checklist designed to assist Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification personnel and global positioning system (GPS) receiver manufacturers in the evaluation of the pilot-system interface characteristics of GPS receivers to be certified according to TSO C129 A1, TRCA/DO-208, and AC 20-138. Its main focus is on controls, displays, and operating characteristics. The Bench Test is designed to evaluate GPS receiver design characteristics that do not require aircraft installation and flights. The flight test is designed to evaluate receiver design characteristics and functions under actual flight conditions. The appendices extract portions of original documents and provide reference material for the specific topics covered in the checklist. KW - Airborne navigational aids KW - Airline pilots KW - Certification KW - Flight instruments KW - Flight tests KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human factors engineering KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/800/850/gps-chkl.doc UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00681624 AU - Bushnell, W R AU - Coopers and Lybrand AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SMART CARDS FOR TRANSIT: MULTI-USE REMOTELY INTERROGATED STORED DATA CARDS FOR FARE AND TOLL PAYMENT PY - 1995/04 SP - 153 p. AB - This project developed relevant information on existing and future, stored readable/writable data card technology for fare and toll payments. The project supports the FTA objective of developing a plan for a common standard card-based fare payment system that can be used for various public transit modes. Information was developed through analyses of existing automated card technology, examination of current and planned applications in relevant transit modes, and in-person interviews with public transit personnel. The report presents card design characteristics for person-based and vehicle-based applications as well as application characteristics that must be supported by the ultimate automated card system. The key finding was that fare and toll applications have different requirements. Moreover, the goal of integrating these two applications (person-based and vehicle-based) onto a single card is complicated by differences such as the required read range. For the person-based application, it appears that remote coupling (RF proximity) technology will best satisfy integrated requirements. A key reason for choosing RF proximity technology over magnetic stripe technology was to support the needs of mobility limited riders. For vehicle-based applications, a much longer read range is necessary, and it appears that longer range smart transponder (RFID Type III) technology is the most appropriate. Only a few of the existing technologies are applicable when matched against critical requirements and performance criteria. KW - Fare collection KW - Public transit KW - Remote control KW - Remote control systems KW - Smart cards KW - Technology assessment KW - Toll collection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00682811 AU - Bradley, K AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - DIRECTORY OF TRANSPORTATION DATA SOURCES, 1995 PY - 1995/03 SP - 556 p. AB - This report identifies transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation, other Federal government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican agencies. The purpose of this Directory is to provide users of transportation statistics with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources to effect easier accessibility and availability of information. In this Directory, a data source is defined as a computerized data base developed within the above agencies for internal and external use, as well as regularly scheduled or special printed statistical reports published but not included on a computerized system. KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Databases KW - Directories KW - Mexico KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/423071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719156 AU - Huntley, M S AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF GPS AND LORAN RECEIVER CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS PY - 1995/03 SP - 128 p. AB - Long Range Navigation (Loran) and global positioning system (GPS) receivers are widely used in aviation. The Loran and GPS receivers are similar in size and function but derive their navigation signals from different sources. The design of the controls, displays, and computer logic is usually similar for the two types of receivers from a single manufacturer, but differs substantially among manufacturers. Some or all of the designs may provide a suboptimal human-computer interface, which may result in simple time delays or in serious risks if the pilot cannot use the system effectively and efficiently. The design variations also make it difficult to certify receivers for different applications. As a result, the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center has sponsored a program of research to address issues in Loran and GPS receiver design. This report first reviews the literature on user experiences with Loran and GPS receivers and other types of similar, automated equipment. Second, the report reviews the major human factors references, texts, and individual journal articles that are relevant to the regulatory requirements for the receivers. Finally, specific human factors principles and guidelines are proposed for the design and certification of GPS and Loran receiver controls, displays, and control-display integration. KW - Air traffic control KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human factors KW - Long range navigation KW - Navigation devices KW - Navigation equipment KW - Radio receivers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719157 AU - Phillips, C T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - INTEGRATION OF AIR TRAFFIC DATABASES - A CASE STUDY PY - 1995/03 SP - 62 p. AB - This report describes a case study to show the benefits from maximum utilization of existing air traffic databases. The study demonstrates the utility of integrating available data through developing and demonstrating a methodology addressing the issue of airport performance. The study utilized data bases which addressed the factors of airport capacity and aircraft delay, and focused on the single airport of Philadelphia International. Since avoidable delays impose major costs to the nation's airlines, the study objective was to better understand the conditions under which delays occur and their casual factors. This will provide guidance for decisions on airport investments which are justified with well-defined benefits. The report presents quantitative measures of average delay, number of delayed flights, and total delay. As expected, there were more delayed flights and longer average delays under poor weather conditions than under better weather conditions. However, total delay under good weather conditions considerably outweighs the total delay experienced under poor weather conditions. The report also demonstrates a quantitative relationship between average delay and the demand/capacity ratio at the airport. This should prove to be especially useful in the investment analyses of airport improvements. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airport capacity KW - Airport operations KW - Data management KW - Information processing KW - Weather conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/453924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715265 AU - Wright, M C AU - Barlow, T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - RESOURCE DOCUMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE DISPLAYS PY - 1995/03 SP - 143 p. AB - Instrument approach procedure (IAP) charts play a large role in contributing to the success or failure of approaches and landings. Paper IAP charts have been criticized for excessive clutter, for text sizes that are too small to read, and for inadequate terrain representation. The electronic presentation of approach information may counteract these criticisms by providing automatic or pilot controlled filtering of the information displayed. However, without careful attention to human factors issues early in the design and development of electronic IAPs (EIAPs), new problems may result. The goal of the project was to develop preliminary guidelines for designers and certifiers of EIAPs to assure that EIAPs help rather than hinder pilots during approach and landing. To identify potential human factors problems in the design of EIAPs, current paper IAP charts and the instrument approach task were studied. Pilots were interviewed and literature describing the information requirements of the task and the cognitive implications of the task were reviewed. A cognitive task analysis was performed. Specific features and functions were identified that may be beneficial to an EIAP. Literature was reviewed in the areas of cognitive psychology, human-computer interaction, and aviation to identify design concepts and principles for the design of these features and functions. Guidelines were developed from the design concepts and principles and, finally, prototypes of EIAPs were designed in accordance with the new guidelines. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airline pilots KW - Control devices KW - Electronic navigation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Landing aids KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00680690 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. SECOND EDITION. A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1995/03 SP - 190 p. AB - This is the second in a series of congressionally required plans submitted by the Secretary of Transportation to the Congress pursuant to Section 6009(b) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). This plan focuses on the surface transportation research underway or planned within the currently proposed Intermodal Transportation Administration, the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), and the Office of the Secretary. The proposed Intermodal Transportation Administration would include the functions now performed by six administrations. These administrations include the following: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); Federal Transit Administration (FTA); Federal Railroad Administration (FRA); Research and Special Programs Administration--pertaining to pipeline safety and hazardous materials (RSPA); and Maritime Administration (MARAD). Departmental research conducted in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) is addressed when it correlates specifically to research being conducted on surface transportation issues. The near-term aspect of this plan focuses on research underway or planned in FY 1994, 1995, and 1996. In response to the directive in ISTEA, the plan provides details of the surface transportation research and development (R&D) programs, including funding levels, milestones, and personnel requirements. The plan's long-term outlook offers insight into the course the Department's surface transportation research program will pursue into the 21st century. This plan is divided into the following 14 chapters related to surface transportation R&D: Chapter 1 provides an overview of recent DOT research, development, and technology initiatives related to surface transportation; Chapters 2-13 outline the Department's current (FY 1994-1996) and long-term surface transportation research program in 12 major areas; and Chapter 14 discusses contracting procedures affecting the Department and its grantees. An appendix at the end of the plan provides funding, FTE, and milestone information for each major project discussed in the plan. A list of acronyms is also included at the end of the plan. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracting KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Ground transportation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research programs KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961999 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - CHARGING FOR PARKING IN SUBURBAN AREAS: CASE STUDIES OF WORKSITES IN KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON PY - 1995/02 SP - 29 p. AB - This paper discusses the increasing practice of suburban employers charging parking fees to their employees. The goals of the paper are to provide information to suburban employers who are thinking of charging parking fees, to present effective ways to implement an employee parking fee program, and to describe some experiences of existing employee parking fee programs. Implementation recommendations are made based on the results of the study. KW - Case studies KW - Employees KW - Employers KW - Fees KW - Implementation KW - King County (Washington) KW - Parking KW - Recommendations KW - Suburbs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/RPT.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715186 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CASUALTY DATA ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD MERCHANT FLEET FOR REPORTED FIRE AND EXPLOSION INCIDENTS RESULTING IN MARINE POLLUTION PY - 1995/02 SP - 70 p. AB - World wide merchant vessel fire and explosion data were analyzed to determine the contribution of these casualties to the marine pollution problem. The source of information is the Lloyd's Casualty Information System Data Base. The major findings of this analysis were presented for: 1) the overall fire/explosion problem for the world's merchant fleet, 2) lives and vessels lost as a result of fires/explosions, 3) all casualty categories contributing to marine pollution, and 4) fires/explosions contributing to marine pollution. General categories of merchant vessel types were identified and the circumstances surrounding the applicable casualty incidents were then categorized and analyzed for trends to the extent possible. KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Data analysis KW - Explosion effects KW - Explosions KW - Fires KW - Marine safety KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Pollution control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34291/DOT-VNTSC-CG-94-07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00714517 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT SUPPLEMENT: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ELECTRIFICATION: NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA PY - 1995/02 SP - 106 p. AB - This document is a supplement to the final environmental impact report (FEIR) published in October 1994 on the proposal by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) to complete the electrification of the Northeast Corridor main line by extending electrification from New Haven, CT, to Boston, MA. The purpose of this supplement is to provide additional information relative to: the Roxbury Substation Alternative Analysis; an expanded discussion on mitigation of potential adverse impacts; draft Section 61 findings; the Memorandum of Understanding between Amtrak and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) for Route 128 Station; Amtrak's draft outreach program; and to address other Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act concerns. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Amtrak KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Railroad electrification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941434 AU - Samavedam, G AU - Kanaan, A AU - Pietrak, J AU - Kish A AU - Sluz, A AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WOOD TIE TRACK RESISTANCE CHARACTERIZATION AND CORRELATIONS STUDY PY - 1995/01 SP - 67 p. AB - The work presented here is part of a major program to evaluate lateral buckling of continuous welded rail (CWR) tracks. The program to develop the technical information to support safety guidelines and specifications for track buckling prevention is being directed by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center in support of the Federal Railroad Administration. This report presents the results of an extensive field test and evaluation study conducted to characterize the track lateral and longitudinal resistance behavior. More than 1400 tests were conducted to measure the lateral resistance for the purpose of isolating the effects of ballast type and consolidation, crib depth, shoulder width, track curvature, and loading methodology and rate. The contribution of each of these factors is quantified and discussed. The relationship between peak and limiting lateral resistance has been evaluated, and recommendations for the required test sample size are made. Data from tests performed with the Single Tie Push Test (STPT) fixture were correlated with the data from the Track Lateral Pull Tests (TLPTs). This report also presents the results of pilot field tests conducted to measure the track longitudinal resistance. The influences of rail anchoring, ballast consolidation, and crib depth were measured, and their effects are quantified. KW - Anchoring KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Buckling KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Crib depth KW - Curvature KW - Field tests KW - Lateral resistance KW - Loads KW - Longitudinal resistance KW - Railroad tracks KW - Track shoulder width KW - Wood ties UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34500/34552/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-95-1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/42000/42600/42662/ord9407.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765954 AU - Morrissey, M AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES PROGRAM: REVIEW OF THE TRAVELAID OPERATIONAL TEST PY - 1995/01 SP - 54 p. AB - The TravelAid operational test was chosen by the Federal Highway Administration to be the subject of a case study. Several case studies were performed under the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was developed in response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The objective of each case study was to determine (1) the institutional issues and legal impediments encountered during the establishment of partnerships and deployment of ITS services and products during the operational test, (2) the point in the life cycle of the operational test at which the impediments occurred, (3) how project partners and participants overcame impediments, and (4) lessons that were learned that are applicable to future deployments of ITS products and services. This case study also describes the operational test and documents its history. Interviews for this case study were conducted during the summer of 1994. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deployment KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal issues KW - Partnerships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00714578 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EXAMINATION OF REDUCED VISIBILITY CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1995/01 SP - 82 p. AB - This report provides a preliminary analysis of reduced visibility crashes to support the development of crash avoidance systems (CAS) concepts as part of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS). In this report, a reduced visibility crash is defined and background on driver perception is presented in order to identify candidate sources of visibility limitations and enhancements. Some indications as to the size of the reduced visibility problem are presented. A detailed analysis of a sample of crashes is discussed to provide further insight into the nature of the problem. Candidate functional crash avoidance concepts are presented in terms of in-vehicle warning systems, roadway information systems, direct vision enhancement systems, and imaging vision enhancement systems. The mechanisms of reduced visibility and how it affects stopping sight distances are then presented together with recommended sight distances used in traffic engineering for highway safety. The analysis concludes with a list of research needs that will further an understanding of driver vision and perception requirements and the development of effective reduced visibility crash countermeasures. KW - Crash avoidance system KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Driver perception KW - Drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Perception KW - Reduced visibility KW - Sight distance KW - Traffic engineering KW - Visibility KW - Visibility distance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448595 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712539 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - GUIDANCE FOR CONDUCTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS FLOW SURVEYS PY - 1995/01 SP - 60 p. AB - This report provides guidance on how to conduct a commodity flow study for hazardous materials moving by highway. It discusses the need for this type of study and details how to review baseline information and design the study. It includes examples and instructions for collecting the data via field studies, analyzing the results, and applying these results back to the purpose of the study. Descriptions of selected recent state and local hazardous material flow studies are provided. A case study example is included that illustrates how to conduct and complete a hazmat flow survey from beginning to end. KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Economics KW - Field studies KW - Guidance KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Transportation KW - Trucking UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34700/34773/DOT-VNTSC-RSPA-94-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/447963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676460 AU - Tijerina, L AU - Browning, N AU - Mangold, S J AU - Madigan, E F AU - Pierowicz, J A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EXAMINATION OF REDUCED VISIBILITY CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1995/01 SP - 84 p. AB - This report provides a preliminary analysis of reduced visibility crashes to support the development of crash avoidance system (CAS) concepts as part of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS). In this report, a reduced visibility crash is defined and background on driver perception is presented in order to identify candidate sources of visibility limitations and enhancements. Some indications as to the size of the reduced visibility problem are presented. A detailed analysis of a sample of crashes is discussed to provide further insights into the nature of the problem. Candidate functional crash avoidance concepts are presented in terms of in-vehicle warning systems, roadway information systems, direct vision enhancement systems, and imaging vision enhancement systems. The mechanisms of reduced visibility and how it affects stopping sight distance are then presented together with recommended sight distances used in traffic engineering for highway safety. The analysis concludes with a list of research needs that will further an understanding of driver vision and perception requirements and the development of effective reduced visibility crash countermeasures. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashes KW - Driver information systems KW - Driver perception KW - Drivers KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Perception KW - Reduced visibility KW - Research KW - Stopping sight distance KW - Traffic crashes KW - Visibility KW - Vision enhancement systems KW - Warning devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/416229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01601201 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - National Transportation Atlas Databases 1995 PY - 1995 AB - The National Transportation Atlas Databases 1995 (NTAD1995) is a set of nationwide geographic databases of transportation facilities, transportation networks, and associated infrastructure. These datasets include spatial information for transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals, as well as the related attribute information for these features. Metadata documentation, as prescribed by the International Organization of Standards, is also provided for each database. The data support research, analysis, and decision-making across all modes of transportation. They are most useful at the national level, but have major applications at regional, state, and local scales throughout the transportation community. This product is distributed in shapefile format. KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Metadata KW - Spatial analysis KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation, hydraulic and utility facilities KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56681/NTAD_1995.zip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1400819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173233 AU - Oman, Charles M AU - Huntley, M Stephen AU - Rasmussen, Scott A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Pilot Performance and Workload Using Simulated GPS Track Angle Error Displays PY - 1995 SP - 7p AB - The effect on simulated global position systems (GPS) instrument approach performance and workload resulting from the addition of Track Angle Error (TAE) information to cockpit RNAV receiver displays in explicit analog form was studied experimentally (5 display formats, 6 pilots, 20 approaches each) in a Frasca 242 light twin aircraft simulator. Inter subject differences in ability to use the displays were found, but sliding and tilting pointer TAE formats significantly improved intercept and tracking performance measures. Determination of wind correction angle was simplified. Workload scores were influenced by display format, but depended on approach geometry and phase. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airline pilots KW - Flight simulators KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human machine interface KW - Instrument displays KW - Navigation systems KW - Workload UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122362 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Boston, MA PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1995 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/massachusetts/boston/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/massachusetts/boston/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01122235 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Summary Travel Characteristics: Baltimore, MD PMSA. 1995 American Travel Survey PY - 1995 SP - 22p AB - The Summary Travel Characteristics publication series contains summary tables of travel statistics for census regions and divisions, states and metropolitan areas. The tables in this report provide an overview of the findings of the American Travel survey for each area. KW - American Travel Survey (1995) KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Origin and destination KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/maryland/baltimore/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/1995_american_travel_survey/summary_travel_characteristics/metropolitan_areas/maryland/baltimore/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/883969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00981720 AU - Raslear, T G AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - DRIVER BEHAVIOR AT RAIL-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS: A SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY ANALYSIS PY - 1995 SP - 46 p. AB - Signal detection technology (SDT) is often used in studies of sensor psychology and perception to describe laboratory experiments in which subjects are asked to detect small changes in very well controlled precisely defined stimuli such as the intensity of a monochromatic light or the frequency of a pure tone. This report examines the types of accidents that occur at grade crossings which suggest that motorists have difficulty with the tasks of detecting trains and related decision making at grade crossings. For instance, motorists regularly drive into the side of passing trains at grade crossings and drive directly in front of approaching trains at close range. These accidents suggest that an examination of the grade crossing from the perspective of SDT and human information processing may provide a useful model for analysis, research, and the development of new strategies for grade crossing accident prevention. KW - Detectors KW - Driver errors KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Safety KW - Signals UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2794 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13200/13204/ord9514_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00963088 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - SELECTED AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CONGESTION PRICING MEASURES - 1995 UPDATE OF THE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR THE CENTRAL PUGET SOUND REGION PY - 1995 SP - 46 p. AB - This paper presents an annotated bibliography on congestion pricing for the Puget Sound area. It is divided into 5 sections - Automatic Vehicle Identification-based tolls; Parking Charges or Restrictions; License Fees; Annual Vehicle Miles of Travel Charges; and Fuel Taxes. KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Bibliographies KW - Congestion pricing KW - Fees KW - Fuel taxes KW - Highway traffic KW - Licenses KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Parking KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/mtp17b.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00933052 AU - Ostria, Sergio J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF IVHS EMISSION AND AIR QUALITY IMPACTS FINAL REPORT PY - 1995 SP - 84 p. in various pagings AB - In this study, the authors present a qualitative assessment of the potential effects of various ITS strategies on pollutant emission from motor vehicles. They first provide an overview of the major issues defining the possible relationships between IVHS, travel,a and emissions. individual technologies are then grouped into bundles which address similar aspects of the transportation system. An analytical framework is then outlined with respect to geographic scale, timing and comparison baseline. The authors present a qualitative assessment of the potential effects of various ITS strategies on pollutant emission from motor vehicles and travel. For each of the technology bundles, the analysis first presents a detailed definition of the bundle. This is then followed by a discussion of the expected type and magnitude of the travel and emission impacts. The authors finally discuss the specific analytic tools necessary for quantifying the travel and emission impacts of IVHS. They focus on the theoretical and modeling advances, as well as the types of data, that the transportation demand, traffic simulation, and mobile source emission modeling communities require. KW - Environmental impacts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00860950 AU - DRESLEY, SUSAN AU - EVERSOLE, BARBARA S AU - ROSSETTI, MICHAEL A AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - WORLDWIDE TRANSPORTATION DIRECTORY ESSENTIAL INFORMATION ON AGENCIES, STAFF CONTACTS, PHONE NUMBERS, AND ADDRESSES. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Directories KW - International trade KW - International transportation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00677951 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - UNITED STATES WATERWAY DATA PY - 1995 AB - The first edition of the United States Waterway Data CD-ROM released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics is a collection of data related to the navigable waters in the U.S. including inland, off-shore, Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway. Information on commerce, facilities and performance, imports and exports, accidents, and the geographic waterway network are provided. These data were collected from several agencies and institutions including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, BTS, the U.S. Coast Guard, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Vanderbilt University. KW - CD-ROM KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Facilities KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information services KW - Navigation KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/423206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00677947 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION ATLAS DATA BASES: 1995 PY - 1995 AB - The first edition of the National Transportation Atlas Databases: 1995 has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). The CD-ROM provides a geographic description of transportation modal networks and intermodal terminals along with a series of background files, primarily boundaries, that can be used in conjunction with the facility files. This information characterizes the data infrastructure to support research, analysis and decisionmaking across all modes of transportation. The Atlas Data Bases are designed primarily to meet the needs of the DOT at the national level, but can have major applications at state and local scales throughout the transportation community. The Atlas Data Bases are designed to be used within geographic information systems software, although the profiles are provided in ASCII format and can be used in any database spreadsheet, or other software package that can accommodate the amount of information in any given file. KW - Atlases KW - CD-ROM KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information dissemination KW - Intermodal operations KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Modal distribution KW - Modal split UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/423204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00866189 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Amtrak AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - RECORD OF DECISION NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ELECTRIFICATION, NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA: FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT AND 4(F) STATEMENT.. PY - 1995 IS - PB96-176284 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger traffic KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00866371 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - DANIEL, MANN, JOHNSON, AND MENDENHALL IN COOPERATION THE VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - APPENDIX TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT SUPPLEMENT NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ELECTRIFICATION - NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA.. PY - 1995 IS - PB96-176292 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Northeastern United States KW - Passenger traffic KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00786000 AU - Wright, Melanie C AU - Barlow, Todd AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Monterey Technologies, Incorporated AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - RESOURCE DOCUMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE DISPLAYS PY - 1995 SP - xi/xii, 230 p. AB - This report identifies guidelines for the design of electronic instrument approach procedure displays (EIAPS). It combines information on the operational aspects of the instrument approach procedure task and key cognitive issues in the design of EIAPs with information available in human-computer interaction literature. This document identifies general human-computer interaction principles for the design of EIAPs and guidelines for implementation of specific features and functions on an EIAP. KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/637631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774668 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN : A REPORT TO CONGRESS. 2ND ED. PY - 1995 SP - xvi, 133, 29 p. AB - This document provides an overview of recent U.S. Department of Transportation research, development and technology initiatives and outlines the Department's current and near-term surface transportation research program for fiscal years 1994-1996. It also provides a long- term outlook of each research area. Chapter 7 presents the research and development program plan for intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy KW - Research in progress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00774909 AU - Dial, Robert B AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Travel Model Improvement Program AU - Department of Transportation AU - United States Environmental Protection Agency TI - NETWORK OPTIMIZED CONGESTION PRICING : A PARABLE, MODEL AND ALGORITHM : FINAL REPORT PY - 1995 SP - iv, 32 p. AB - This paper recites a parable, formulates a model and devises an algorithm for optimizing tolls on a road network. The parable introduces the network-wide congestion-pricing problem, emphasizing the significance of the variability of users' value of time and the importance of not restricting tools to certain links a priori. The model permits the marginal value of time to be a random variable having a different distribution for each origin-destination pair. The algorithm provides the ability to determine the best toll for each link in the network. Such tolls induce an equilibrium traffic flow that is at once system-optimal and user-optimal. KW - Computer algorithms KW - Road pricing KW - Traffic assignment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00729907 AU - Orringer, O AU - Gray, D E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - THERMAL CRACKING IN RAILROAD VEHICLE WHEELS SUBJECTED TO HIGH PERFORMANCE STOP BRAKING PY - 1995 SP - 16 p. AB - An investigation of thermal cracks observed in the wheels of certain electric multiple unit locomotives in North American commuter rail service is summarized. The cause is found to be partial reversal of the wheel rim residual hoop stress, which is initially compressive from the manufacturer's quench treatment. The residual stress reversal is caused by thermal stresses during high performance stop braking. Crack propagation and failure mechanisms are summarized. Measures for prevention are discussed. KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Residual stress KW - Thermal degradation KW - Thermal stresses KW - Wheel defects KW - Wheel rims KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00852699 AU - HANSMAN, ROBERT JOHN AU - MYKITYSHYN, MARK AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CURRENT ISSUES IN THE DESIGN AND INFORMATION CONTENT OF INSTRUMENT APPROACH CHARTS / R. JOHN HANSMAN, MARK MYKITYSHYN.. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautical charts KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Instrument landing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01380480 AU - Distler, Alicia AU - Watros, Gary C AU - Zebe, Paul K AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - Excess Flow Valve Benefit/cost Analysis PY - 1994/12 SP - 62p AB - Excess Flow Vales (EFVs) are devices designed to shut off the flow of natural gas automatically in a service line when the line is raptured, thereby reducing the likelihood of deaths, injuries, property damage, or other accident consequences. EFVs do not prevent accidents; instead, they help prevent or mitigate the consequences of accidents where there has been a substantial or catastrophic break. EFVs can be regarded as complementary to damage prevention programs, one-call systems, and other pipeline safety efforts that focus on preventing accidents. Both the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) of the Research and Special Programs Administration have an on-going interest in the installation of EFVs. The interest of both organizations in EFVs began in the 1970’s. The NTSB currently considers the installation of EFVs to be one of the top 18 transportation safety improvements that it would like to seen taken. The OPS also currently considers EFVs to be one of its top priorities. The OPS is adopting rules that require the installation of EFVs on all new renewed single-family residential gas services that operates at pressures that are always 10 psig (pounds per square inch gauge) or greater. The purpose of this study is to estimate and compare the benefits and costs of installing EFVs on these services to determine whether such installations would be cost beneficial. The OPS is also requiring the marking of all services with newly installed EFVs on them. This study includes this change in the calculation of the costs. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Crashes KW - Excess flow valves KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Natural gas pipelines KW - Valves UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45100/45158/ExcessFlowValve.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1147535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808886 AU - Culp, L AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - SHORT RANGE TRANSIT PLANNING AND MARKETING USING DESKTOP GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1994/12 SP - 7 p. AB - The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) is the regional planning agency and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the San Diego region. A major emphasis at SANDAG is to assist the region's transit operators in their planning and marketing activities by providing technical assistance and data including geographic analysis, data collection and management, survey research, and transportation modeling. Currently, SANDAG and the region's operators are working together to design a desktop geographic information system application that staff from each individual operator can access directly to enhance regional transit planning and marketing. The objective is to develop a tool that can be used directly by transit operator staff at a relatively low cost and minimal training. Operators now have access to a variety of databases including census data, passenger counts, and regional growth forecasts, which can be integrated and displayed in map, table, or chart form. Planning and marketing efforts to enhance the current level of transit service and increase ridership in the region are benefiting from the coordination of this project between SANDAG and the transit operators. KW - Analysis KW - Charts KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Management KW - Maps KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - San Diego (California) KW - Short range planning KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transit operators UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/CULP.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/CULP.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712904 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF MOBILE VEHICLE EMISSION MODEL PY - 1994/12 SP - 206 p. AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 'MOBILE' emission factors model is used by air quality planners to estimate emissions from on-road motor vehicles. The report was commissioned by the U.S. Department of Transportation to evaluate the structure and function of MOBILE, and to document the changes that occurred among model revisions. This consisted of reviewing succeeding variations to the model to document the basic model structure, identifying changes to existing components, and evaluating the addition of new capabilities. In addition, the impacts of model changes on fleet-average emission factor estimates were quantified under a variety of vehicle operating conditions. KW - Air pollution sources KW - Air quality management KW - Emission control systems KW - Emission factors KW - Emissions testing KW - Exhaust gases KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pollutants UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/2000/2000/2095/mob.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765953 AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Borg, E F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES PROGRAM: REVIEW OF THE SMARTRAVELER OPERATIONAL TEST PY - 1994/12 SP - 56 p. AB - The SmarTraveler operational test was chosen by the Federal Highway Administration to be the subject of a case study. Several case studies were performed under the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was developed in response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The objective of each case study was to detemine (1) institutional issues and legal impediments encountered during the establishment of partnerships and deployment of ITS services and products during the operational test, (2) the point in the life cycle of the operational test at which the impediments occurred, (3) how project partners and participants overcame impediments, and (4) lessons that were learned that are applicable to future deployments of ITS products and services. This case study also describes the operational test and documents its history. Interviews for this case study were conducted during the summer of 1993. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Deployment KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal issues KW - Partnerships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00682937 AU - Ullman, K B AU - Bing, A J AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - HIGH SPEED PASSENGER TRAINS IN FREIGHT RAILROAD CORRIDORS: OPERATIONS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS PY - 1994/12 SP - 134 p. AB - This report presents the results of a study into some operations and technical issues likely to be encountered when planning for high-speed rail passenger service on corridors that presently carry freight or commuter traffic. The study starts with a review of corridors designated under Section 1010 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991, as potential future high-speed corridors. The review summarized operations and infrastructure features of the corridors, leading to definition of a hypothetical corridor representative of the Section 1010 corridors. After a review of signal, train control and braking systems presently used in the United States and elsewhere, the study provides analyses of the safety and operations impacts of introducing high-speed rail service on the hypothetical corridor. The safety analysis established a safety performance target based on present intercity rail safety performance, and reviewed the need for and benefits from safety improvements for high speed operation. The operations analysis concentrated on the impacts on track capacity and train delays of introducing a high-speed rail service on three hypothetical existing corridors with different track layouts and signal systems. KW - Corridors KW - Freight transportation KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Passenger service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34500/34550/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-94-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/423148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00681622 AU - Knapton, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - EXPLORING HOW TO MAKE SYSTEM SAFETY WORK IN TRANSIT PY - 1994/12 SP - 64 p. AB - The New York Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) and its operating elements, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), Metro-North Commuter Railroad, Long Island Bus (LI Bus), and the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority were subjected to the largest and most comprehensive safety inspection ever conducted of a public transit system. The investigation, which consisted of top-down interviews and on-site inspections, involved a detailed review to identify safety and security hazards. The investigation revealed many areas of concern, including that system safety programs, and in particular, the implementation of the System Safety Program Plan (SSPP) were not functioning properly. In response to the findings, the MTA requested the assistance of the FTA in addressing those issues relating to an effective system safety process and an effective system SSPP. Recognizing that this may be a national issue, the FTA in conjunction with the New York State Public Transit Safety Board (PTSB) and MTSA sponsored a workshop. The workshop was attended by 38 individuals, representing the MTA, PTSB, industry, and U.S. Department of Transportation. The workshop introduced 142 issues relating to system safety and proposed 69 solutions. The attendees ranked the proposed solutions and agencies and identified where action would be initiated to implement the top 18 solutions. KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Oversight KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Security KW - System safety KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34600/34681/DOT-VNTSC-FTA-94-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674309 AU - WILLEMS, G AU - Plank, G R AU - Naval Biodynamics Laboratory AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CALIBRATION OF A SIX-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT DEVICE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/12 SP - 104 p. AB - This report describes the calibration of a six-degree-of-freedom acceleration measurement system designed for use in the measurement of linear and angular head accelerations of anthropomorphic dummies during crash tests. The calibration methodology, developed earlier, uses several different prime movers to extract the necessary information to characterize the system completely. The device calibrated consisted of any array of nine linear accelerometers in a non-coplaner (3-2-2-2) configuration. The calibration was carried out in the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory in New Orleans, Louisiana. KW - Accelerometers KW - Biophysics KW - Calibration KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Head acceleration KW - Impact tests KW - Measuring instruments KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674092 AU - Balog, J N AU - Schwarz, A N AU - Doyle, B C AU - Ketron Division of the Bionetics Corporation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRANSIT SECURITY PROCEDURES GUIDE PY - 1994/12 SP - 210 p. AB - To protect passenger, employees, revenue, and property, transit systems are encouraged to take a proactive, prevention-oriented systems approach to transit security. This guide is a compilation of materials for planning and improving transit security. The format can be used by transit system planners, security personnel, and managers in developing plans, procedures, and capital programs. The guide is designed to help transit systems become aware of the procedures used nationwide by transit and other programs in their security tasks. The guide includes information on how to apply the systems approach to transit security planning and implementation; proactive materials on the prevention of security incidents; procedures for immediate and follow-up response to security incidents; and specific evaluations of a variety of special security problems including crimes and general security issues. The evaluations include information on the most important attributes of each security problem, namely: severity, frequency, type, affected areas, time when, locations, contributing factors, solution areas, solutions/approaches, personnel cost, facility/equipment cost, effectiveness, and application. KW - Evaluation KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Improvements KW - Procedures KW - Program effectiveness KW - Public transit KW - Security UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50200/50286/007768.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674044 AU - Jewell, M AU - Schwenk, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE BALTIMORE GUARANTEED RIDE HOME PROGRAM PY - 1994/12 SP - 76 p. AB - This report evaluates the implementation of a guaranteed ride home (GRH) program in the Baltimore/Washington International (BWI) Airport employment area during its demonstration period from March 1992 to March 1993. The GRH program offered employees of member organizations, who use transit or rideshare at least three times per week and who register for the program, free rides home in the case of personal or family emergencies or unscheduled overtime, via taxis or rental cars depending on the distance of their residences from their places of employment. The GRH program was well received by member employers and employees; program participation increased steadily throughout the demonstration; and minimal program abuse occurred. While there is no conclusive evidence that the GRH program directly increased high occupancy vehicle (HOV) use in the BWI employment area during the demonstration, the program may have helped to retain existing HOV users. As the 1990 Clean Air Act requirements for large employers to reduce single occupancy commuting become effective, interest in the GRH program may grow as a means to encourage increases in average vehicle occupancy. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Employer sponsored transportation KW - Guaranteed Ride Home KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Special user groups KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411762 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00729908 AU - Jones, D R AU - Young, S D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ENHANCING PILOT SITUATIONAL AWARENESS OF THE AIRPORT SURFACE MOVEMENT AREA PY - 1994/11/04 SP - 10 p. AB - Two studies are being conducted to address airport surface movement area safety and capacity issues by providing enhanced situational awareness information to pilots. One study focuses on obtaining pilot opinion of the Runway Status Light System (RSLS). This system has been designed to reduce the likelihood of runway incursions by informing pilots when a runway is occupied. The second study is a flight demonstration of an electronic moving map in the cockpit and display of the aicraft identification to the controller. Taxi route and hold warning information will be sent to the aircraft data link for display on the electronic moving map. This paper describes the plans for the two studies. KW - Air traffic control KW - Airline pilots KW - Airport runways KW - Airport surface traffic control KW - Cockpit resource management KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic systems KW - Light signals KW - Navigation lights KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilot performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712800 AU - O'Leary, P AU - Corey, J AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ACRONYM GUIDE PY - 1994/11 SP - 60 p. AB - This report compiles and identifies transportation-related acronyms used throughout the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) and other U.S. government agencies. This is the first edition; future editions will be expanded in scope to include additional U.S. government agencies and private transportation-related agency identification of transportation-related acronyms. The acronyms are organized within the publication in alphabetical order. Acronyms appear in bold print followed by a definition and a source citation. Source citations are italicized for easy readability. Specific documents, publications, or databases used to compile this document are identified in the Source Index. KW - Acronyms KW - Definitions KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation departments KW - Transportation modes KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712499 AU - O'Leary, P AU - Corey, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSPORTATION EXPRESSIONS PY - 1994/11 SP - 346 p. AB - This report compiles definitions of transportation terms used throughout the Department of Transportation and other US government agencies. This is the first edition of Transportation Expressions; future editions will be expanded in scope to include additional US government agencies and private transportation related agency definitions of transportation terms. The terms are organized by their common name. Each term appears in bold print, followed by its definition and the source citation. Source citations are italicized for easy readability. Specific documents, publications or databases used to compile Transportation Expressions are identified in the Source Index. Terms are cross referenced within the document and also with the Term Index. The Term Index refers the reader to all major groupings of related terms. KW - Abbreviations KW - Acronyms KW - Definitions KW - Glossaries KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/447932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726702 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE DENVER METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1994/11 SP - 67 p. AB - This formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Denver metropolitan area was conducted by FHWA and FTA headquarters and regional staff, with the assistance of the US DOT Volpe Center. The federal team concluded that the Denver Regional Council of Governments (DRCOG) activities are being carried out in accordance with FHWA and FTA regulations, policies and procedures in place prior to passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). Efforts are being made to implement a multi-modal planning approach, and the transit operator is involved in this process. This review will assist the Denver metropolitan area to prepare for future formal certification. KW - Administration KW - City planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Management KW - Planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4200/4299/39.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726701 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE PORTLAND, OREGON, METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1994/11 SP - 58 p. AB - This formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Portland metropolitan area was conducted by FHWA and FTA headquarters and field staff, with the assistance of the US DOT Volpe Center. The federal team concluded that Metro and other area agencies performing transportation planning conduct a competently managed and organized continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive planning process, produce adequate planning products and use acceptable planning tools. Efforts are being made to implement a multi-modal planning approach, and the transit operators are involved in the process. This review will assist the Portland metropolitan area to prepare for future formal certification. KW - Administration KW - City planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Management KW - Planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4300/4301/37.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721744 AU - Gross, M AU - FELDMAN, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS, 1995 PY - 1994/11 SP - 359 p. AB - National Transportation Statistics is a compendium of selected national transportation and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportation modes - air, automobile, bus, truck, transit, rail, water, and pipeline. Basic descriptors such as operating revenues/expenses, number of vehicles and employees, vehicle- and passenger miles, and passenger and freight operations, are included. Transportation trends in performance, safety, and motor vehicle sales, production and costs are also presented. Safety information compares data for transportation accidents, fatalities, and injuries for all modes of transportation as well as multimodal transportation of hazardous materials. KW - Financial analysis KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety and security KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation safety KW - Transportation statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00714521 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT. VOLUME 4. COMMENT LETTERS AND PUBLIC HEARING TRANSCRIPTS. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ELECTRIFICATION: NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA PY - 1994/10/31 SP - 782 p. AB - This document is the final environmental impact statement and final environmental impact report (FEIS/R) on the proposal by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) to complete the electrification of the Northeast Corridor main line extending electric traction from New Haven, CT, to Boston, MA. This document (Volume 4) reprints the comments received on the DEIS/R. KW - Amtrak KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Improvements KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Railroad electrification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00714519 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT. VOLUME 2. TECHNICAL STUDIES. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ELECTRIFICATION: NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA PY - 1994/10/31 SP - 478 p. AB - This document is the final environmental impact statement and final environmental impact report (FEIS/R) on the proposal by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) to complete the electrification of the Northeast Corridor main line by extending electric traction from New Haven, CT, to Boston, MA. This document (Volume 2) presents additional technical studies to supplement Volume 3 of the DEIS/R issued in October 1993 (PB94-111838). KW - Amtrak KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Railroad electrification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00714518 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT AND 4(F) STATEMENT. VOLUME 1. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ELECTRIFICATION: NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA PY - 1994/10/31 SP - 508 p. AB - This document is the final environmental impact statement and final environmental impact report (FEIS/R) on the proposal by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) to complete the electrification of the Northeast Corridor main line by extending electric traction from New Haven, CT to Boston, MA. This document (Volume 1) is the main body of the FEIS/R and includes a 4(f) Statement on the proposed location of an electrification facility in the Great Swamp Wildlife Management Area. KW - Amtrak KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Railroad electrification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00714520 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT. VOLUME 3. RESPONSE TO COMMENTS ON DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ELECTRIFICATION: NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA PY - 1994/10/31 SP - 356 p. AB - This document is the final environmental impact statement and final environmental impact report (FEIS/R) on the proposal by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) to complete the electrification of the Northeast Corridor main line by extending electric traction from New Haven, CT to Boston, MA. This document (Volume 3) of the FEIS/R presents summaries of comments received on the DEIS/R and responses to these comments. KW - Amtrak KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Railroad electrification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808917 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - APTS MAP DATABASE USER REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION PY - 1994/10/21 SP - 33 p. AB - In 1994 he Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS) Map and Spatial Database Working Group developed map database requirements for public transportation applications. The Map Database User Requirements Specification (MDURS) provides the public and private sectors with specifications for defining and describing transit data elements in a consistent and transferable form. The specification addresses integration issues encountered by public transportation database users, such as common definitions, common data entities and common relationships between data. Digital map databases furnish public transportation agencies and their customers with powerful and efficient tools. The APTS MDURS is composed of many parts, including a list of representative application classes, general function statements for each application class, the objects and major attributes required to perform the delineated functional tasks, and a consolidated list and description of spatial objects with their definition, description, attributes, and quality requirements. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Attributes (Cartographic databases) KW - Data entities (databases) KW - Databases KW - Definitions KW - Digital maps KW - Geographic information systems KW - Public transit KW - Spatial objects (Map databases) KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811867 AU - Hancock, K L AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - SPATIAL DATA AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS WITHIN THE BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS PY - 1994/10/03 SP - 10 p. AB - The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) is compiling a geographic database to support research, analysis, and decision making across all modes of transportation. Most of the database is to be published as a National Transportation Atlas, including base maps that portray the extent and connectivity of the nation's transportation system, thematic maps that portray the use and consequences of transportation, and electronic files that are used to develop the maps and analyze transportation networks. The National Transportation Atlas database is organized into four layers - facilities, service, flows, and background. The facilities layer represents the location, physical characteristics and connectivity of highways, railroads, waterways, fixed guideway transit, airports, pipelines, terminals, bridges, locks, and structures. The service layer represents transportation services on and across the transportation facilities, such as bus lines and railroad trackage rights. The flows layer represents interactions between areas, such as commodity movements and donor-donee financial relationships, which are assigned to specific transportation facilities and services, primarily with analytical models. The background layer includes data of use to the transportation community that are published and maintained by others. Examples include environmental conditions, geographic names, political boundaries, and economic activity. KW - Airports KW - Bridges KW - Bus lines KW - Commodity flow KW - Databases KW - Economics KW - Environmental quality KW - Financing KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Guideways KW - Highways KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Location KW - Locks (Waterways) KW - Maps KW - National Transportation Atlas KW - Networks KW - Pipelines KW - Politics KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Spatial analysis KW - Structures KW - U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics KW - Waterways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/sdg.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730708 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AVIATION CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT PLAN 1994 PY - 1994/10/01 SP - 364 p. AB - A comprehensive review of Federal Aviation Administration programs intended to improve the capacity of the National Air Transportation System. The Plan identifies the causes and extent of capacity and delay problems currently associated with air travel in the U.S. and outlines various planned and ongoing FAA projects with the potential to reduce the severity of the problems in the future. The major areas of discussion are: airport development; airport capacity; airspace capacity; new instrument approach procedures; technology for capacity improvement; and, marketplace solutions. KW - Air transportation KW - Airport capacity KW - Aviation KW - Capacity KW - Market development KW - National Aviation System KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322396 AU - Vilcans, Janis AU - Lay, Richard J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Recommendation on Transition from Primary/Secondary Radar to Secondary-Only Radar Capability PY - 1994/10//Final Report SP - 147p AB - This recommendation has been prepared to support the FAA decision to deactivate primary Long-range radars (LRR) and presents a transition strategy and implementation plan for the transformation of the existing primary/secondary en route radar system to a beacon-only system by the year 2002. The estimated cost associated with this transition is $2.1 billion, but the cost directly related to the decision is approximately $138.6 million. Thus, the potential saving of approximately $1.4 billion associated with LRR replacement results in a benefit-to-cost ratio greater that 10. It is therefore recommended that the decision to deactivate the LRR be implemented as rapidly as possible in order to minimize costs necessary to sustain and maintain the existing system; that an orderly transition be accomplished; and that the transition to the beacon-only capability be adopted on a center-by center basis. It is also recommended that the goal of an en route beacon system, comprising stand-alone beacon radars and backed up with an automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) system be established, but achievement of this goal should not delay implementation of the deactivation decision. KW - Air traffic control KW - Air traffic control radar beacon system KW - Airport operations KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Flow control (Air traffic control) KW - NEXRAD KW - Radar KW - Radar air traffic control KW - Surveillance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34318/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-94-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1082796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207226 AU - Sheridan, T AU - Lanzilotta, E AU - Askey, S AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - Safety of High Speed Guided Ground Transportation Systems Human Factors Phase I: Function Analyses and Theoretical Considerations PY - 1994/10//Final Report SP - 108p AB - Although the speed of guided ground transportation continues to increase, the reaction time as well as the sensory and information processing capacities of on- and off-board operators remain constant. This report, the first of two examining critical human factors issues in future high-speed rail systems, focuses on the implications of this disparity on safety. It discusses the human factors aspects of French, German, and Japanese high-speed rail systems. It reviews salient human factors literature relevant both to human-machine functional allocation and safety in rail systems, and makes comparisons to similar aspects of operating aircraft, nuclear power stations, and other complex systems. Function analyses for high-speed train cab operation and dispatching centers are presented in the form of flow diagrams. Scenarios of abnormal conditions are suggested. Finally, the report addresses human-machine allocation and automation in controlling future high-speed trains, including the safety implications of various levels of automation. KW - Decision making KW - High speed rail KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Human in the loop simulation KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad traffic control KW - Workload UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33500/33518/33518.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33600/33628/33628.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/968133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726761 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - CLEAN AIR PROGRAM: COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS SAFETY IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS PY - 1994/09/14 SP - 148 p. AB - This report examines the safety issues relating to the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in transit service. The safety issues were determined by on-site surveys performed by Battelle of Columbus, Ohio and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) of McLean, Virginia of seven transit agencies using CNG. The survey consisted of: 1) extensive interviews; 2) review of records, procedures, and plans relating to safety; 3) examination of facilities and equipment; 4) observation of operations including fueling, maintenance, morning start-up, and revenue service; and 5) measurements of methane concentrations in the air where buses are being fueled or stored. Interviews included all job categories associated with management, operations, safety, maintenance, acquisition, and support. KW - Air quality management KW - Clean air program KW - Compressed natural gas KW - Exhaust gases KW - Safety factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726700 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE SACRAMENTO METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1994/09/07 SP - 56 p. AB - This formal and comprehensive review of the planning process in the Sacramento metropolitan area was conducted by FHWA and FTA headquarters and regional staff. The federal team concluded the Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG) and other area agencies performing transportation planning conduct a competently managed and organized continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive planning process, produce adequate planning products, and use acceptable planning tools. Efforts are being made to implement a multi-modal planning approach, and the transit operators are involved in the process. This review will assist the Sacramento metropolitan area to prepare for future formal certification. KW - Administration KW - City planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Management KW - Planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/sacrmnto.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518859 AU - Broek, David AU - Jeong, David Y AU - Thomson, Douglas AU - FratuREsearch, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Foster-Miller, Incorporated TI - Testing and analysis of flat and curved panels with multiple cracks PY - 1994/09 SP - 14p AB - An experimental and analytical investigation of multiple cracking in various types of test specimens is described in this paper. The testing phase is comprised of a flat unstiffened panel series and curved stiffened and unstiffened panel series. The test specimens contained various configurations for initial damage. Static loading was applied to these specimens until ultimate failure, while loads and crack propagation were recorded. This data provides the basis for developing and validating methodologies for predicting linkup of multiple cracks, progression to failure, and overall residual strength. The results from twelve flat coupon and ten full scale curved panel tests are presented. In addition, an engineering analysis procedure was developed to predict multiple crack linkup. Reasonable agreement was found between predictions and actual test results for linkup and residual strength for both flat and curved panels. The results indicate that an engineering analysis approach has the potential to quantitatively assess the effect of multiple cracks in the arrest capability of an aircraft fuselage structure. KW - Aircraft structural components KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Fuselages KW - Laboratory tests KW - Panels KW - Residual strength KW - Static loads UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50300/50371/19950008046_1995108046.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715145 AU - Kokkins, S J AU - PURPLE, A AU - Samavedam, G AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: THERMAL EFFECTS AND RELATED SAFETY ISSUES OF TYPICAL MAGLEV STEEL GUIDEWAYS PY - 1994/09 SP - 89 p. AB - This report presents a theoretical analysis predicting the temperature distribution, thermal deflections, and thermal stresses that may occur in typical steel Maglev guideways under the proposed Orlando FL thermal environment. Transient, finite element heat transfer analyses are used to predict the thermal response of a typical steel guideway design similar to the Transrapid design being finalized for the Orlando, FL Maglev system. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the sensitivity of the temperature distributions and thermal deflections to time varying changes in the sun's position, seasonal changes in the guideway orientation and surface treatment. Related safety issues are also addressed. KW - Deflection KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Heat KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Safety KW - Temperature KW - Thermal conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715198 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PASSENGER VESSEL DAMAGE STABILITY STUDY FOR 1990 SOLAS AMENDMENTS. VOLUME 2: APPENDIX B PY - 1994/09 SP - 1087 p. AB - The application of new damage stability requirements in the 1990 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) amendments to the United States domestic passenger fleet is investigated. The amendments specify new minimums for positive range, righting energy, and downflooding angle, maximum static heel angle, and residual righting arms in situations of applied heeling moments such as passenger crowding and wind loading. Twenty-one domestic passenger ships of recent design are analyzed for their ability to comply in damaged conditions as specified by the Coast Guard regulations. Design modifications required to bring about compliance for those vessels failing the requirements are briefly addressed. A comparison of ability to comply versus certain hydrostatic parameters is made, as well as a set of recommendations to the Coast Guard. KW - Damage control KW - Damage stability KW - Loss and damage KW - Passenger ships KW - Passenger vessels KW - Regulatory constraints KW - United States Coast Guard UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00715187 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PASSENGER VESSEL DAMAGE STABILITY STUDY FOR 1990 SOLAS AMENDMENTS. VOLUME 1 PY - 1994/09 SP - 83 p. AB - The application of new damage stability requirements in the 1990 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) amendments to the United States domestic passenger fleet is investigated. The amendments specify new minimums for positive range, righting energy, and downflooding angle, maximum static heeling moments such as passenger crowding and wind loading. Twenty-one domestic passenger ships of recent design are analyzed for their ability to comply in damaged conditions as specified by the Coast Guard regulations. Design modifications required to bring about compliance for those vessels failing the requirements are briefly addressed. A comparison of ability to comply versus certain hydrostatic parameters is made, as well as a set of recommendations to the Coast Guard. KW - Damage stability KW - Hydrostatics KW - Legislation KW - Passenger ships KW - Passenger vessels KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stability standards UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34290/DOT-VNTSC-CG-94-05-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669188 AU - Bentzen, B L AU - Nolin, T L AU - Easton, R D AU - Desmarais, L AU - Mitchell, P A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - DETECTABLE WARNINGS: DETECTABILITY BY INDIVIDUALS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS, AND SAFETY AND NEGOTIABILITY ON SLOPES FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS PY - 1994/09 SP - 124 p. AB - This report presents the results of research on human performance on detectable warning surfaces. The first portion of the report presents an evaluation of the underfoot detectability of nine detectable warning surfaces for persons having varied physical disablities. In the first study, thirteen detectable warning surfaces were evaluated for underfoot detectability by twenty-four persons who are blind, in association with four transit platform surfaces varying in roughness and resiliency. In the second study, forty participants having a wide range of physical disabilities, who traveled either with no aid, aids having wheels, or aids having tips, traveled up and down 4-foot-by-6-foot ramps having a slope of 1:12. All trials were videotaped; the videotapes were then rated, by three independent raters, for observable incidents indicating decreased safety and negotiability. Given the moderately increased level of difficulty which detectable warnings on slopes pose for persons with physical disabilities, it is desirable to limit the width of detectable warnings to no more than that required to provide effective warning for persons with visual impairments. KW - Blind persons KW - Detectable warning surfaces KW - Detecting devices KW - Detectors KW - Fta section 6 KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Platforms KW - Safety equipment KW - Stopping distances KW - Warning surface UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669190 AU - Oram, R L AU - Schwenk, J C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE WITH DEEP DISCOUNT FARES PY - 1994/09 SP - 84 p. AB - This report reviews the experiences of transit agencies across the country with Deep Discount fares, a new public transit pricing strategy, between 1988 and 1993. Based on new market research findings, Deep Discounting has shown that it is possible to raise transit ridership and revenues simultaneously with a combination of higher cash fares and deeply discounted tickets or tokens. Deep Discounting remains an innovative and experimental technique, which is both a fare structure and a marketing program. It has gained rapid acceptance in the transit industry, having been applied in more than 20 large, medium and small cities since 1987. This report presents an overview of the Deep Discount concept, reviews its market research basis, documents the experience of 17 cities in implementing the strategy, provides cross-cutting findings on the market segments that appear to have responded best to Deep Discounting, and makes recommendations for optimizing the benefits of implementing the program. Most, but not all, Deep Discounting experiences have been positive. Although the pitfalls of Deep Discounting are not yet fully understood, the transit industry has found the Deep Discount idea an appealing alternative to conventional fare plans. More formal evaluations of the concept are warranted. KW - Discount KW - Discount fares KW - Evaluation KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Market research KW - Pricing KW - Program evaluation KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712892 AU - BREWER, J C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ESTIMATE OF PROBABILITY OF CRACK DETECTION FROM SERVICE DIFFICULTY REPORT DATA PY - 1994/09 SP - 53 p. AB - The initiation and growth of cracks in a fuselage lap joint were simulated. Stochastic distribution of crack initiation and rivet interference were included. The simulation also contained a simplified crack growth. Nominal crack growth behavior of large cracks was derived from the simulation results. These calculations implied that large cracks spend most of their lives as multiple small cracks and that the final growth and coalescence occur rapidly. The nominal crack growth histories were applied to 'C-check' crack detection data from the Service Difficulty Report (SDR) database to estimate the sizes of cracks when they were missed during previous inspections. These nondetection events were also estimated by assuming that each detected crack had always been a single crack. The results of each method were appropriately filtered and used to estimate probability of crack detection (POD) using the maximum likelihood technique. The POD estimates obtained from the single crack model are probably conservative, but the underlying assumption of slow crack growth (and therefore more inspection opportunities) might result in unconservative damage tolerance analyses. KW - Aircraft structures KW - Airframes KW - Crack formation KW - Cracking KW - Detection systems KW - Detectors KW - Fuselages KW - Stochastic processes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34300/34317/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-94-04.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712893 AU - Chovan, J D AU - Tijerina, L AU - Everson, J H AU - Pierowicz, J A AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EXAMINATION OF INTERSECTION, LEFT TURN ACROSS PATH CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1994/09 SP - 50 p. AB - The report provides a preliminary analysis of intersection-related, left turn across path (LTAP) crashes and applicable countermeasure concepts for the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) program. An LTAP crash occurs when the subject vehicle approaches an intersection, attempts to turn left, and either strikes or is struck by the principal other vehicle traveling in the opposite traffic lanes. The crash avoidance system (CAS) concepts discussed in this report include driver warnings, partially automatic vehicle control systems, and fully automatic vehicle control systems. This report concludes with a number of research needs to better understand LTAP crashes and guide CAS development. KW - Accident avoidance KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automatic vehicle control KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash avoidance system KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intersection collisions KW - Intersections KW - Left turns KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00681639 AU - Bentzen, B L AU - Nolin, T L AU - Easton, R D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - DETECTABLE WARNING SURFACES: COLOR, CONTRAST, AND REFLECTANCE PY - 1994/09 SP - 44 p. AB - The visual contrast of ten detectable warning surface/platform pairs was measured on an interior platform illuminated at 20 foot-candles, as recommended by the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) A4.429.2, by 24 persons having very low vision. Tests included objective and subjective measures of visual detectability. Objective measures were accuracy (correct identification in the presence of a warning surface) and response time. Subjective measures were each participant's choice of three most visually detectable contrasts, the one most visually detectable contrast, and the least visually detectable contrast. KW - Accessibility KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Contrast KW - Detecting devices KW - Detectors KW - Platforms KW - Signals KW - Visual signals KW - Visually impaired persons KW - Warning signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669055 AU - Chovan, J D AU - Tijerina, L AU - Everson, J H AU - Pierowicz, J A AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EXAMINATION OF INTERSECTION, LEFT TURN ACROSS PATH CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/09 SP - 52 p. AB - This report provides a preliminary analysis of intersection-related, left turn across path (LTAP) crashes and applicable countermeasure concepts for the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) program. An LTAP crash occurs when the subject vehicle (SV) approaches an intersection, attempts to turn left, and either strikes or is struck by the principal other vehicle (POV) traveling in the opposing traffic lanes. A detailed analysis of 154 such crashes showed that 49% are caused by drivers who were unaware of the oncoming vehicle, and that 30% were caused by drivers who saw but misjudged the velocity/gap of the oncoming vehicle. Moreover, two LTAP crash subtypes are identified: the SV slows, but does not stop, begins the left turn, and strikes or is struck by the oncoming POV in 71.6% of these crashes; and the SV stops, then proceeds with the left turn, and strikes or is struck by the POV in the remaining 28.4% of these crashes. The crash avoidance system (CAS) concepts discussed in this report include driver warnings, partially automatic vehicle control systems, and fully automatic vehicle control systems. This report concludes with a number of research needs to better understand LTAP crashes and guide CAS development. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automatic vehicle control KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intersections KW - Left turns KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808885 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - IFR APPROVAL OF DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (DGPS) SPECIAL CATEGORY I INSTRUMENT APPROACHES USING PRIVATE GROUND FACILITIES PY - 1994/08/14 SP - n.p. AB - This order identifies specific criteria, not presently found in existing standards, which shall be satisfied before Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations can be authorized using differential global positioning systems (DGPS) Special Instrument Approach Procedures (not for public use) that are based on Instrument Landing System (ILS), Microwave Landing System (MLS) Localizer (LOC), Localizer Type Directional Aid (LDA), and Simplified Directional Facility (SDF) criteria. This order also assigns responsibilities for determining that the criteria specified are satisfied, or an equivalent level of safety has been demonstrated. Chapter headings listed in the Table of Contents include: DGPS Ground Facilities, DGPS Special Category I Systems, Responsibilities and Procedures, Approval of Ground Installations in the United States, Approval of Ground Installations and DGPS Special Category I Operations Outside the United States, Airborne Systems, Approval of DGPS Special Category I Operations, Aeronautical Information, Interim Design Criteria and Airborne Data Base. KW - Airborne navigational aids KW - Aviation safety KW - Databases KW - Design KW - Differential Global Positioning System KW - Flight KW - Global Positioning System KW - Ground transportation KW - Installation KW - Instrument flying KW - Instrument landing systems KW - Localizer (Landing approach procedure) KW - Localizer Type Directional Aid (Landing approach procedure) KW - Microwave landing systems KW - Operations KW - Private airports KW - Procedures KW - Regulations KW - Simplified Directional Facility (Landing approach procedure) KW - Standards UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/400/452/8400-11.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19018/PB2002104065.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720072 AU - Moore, R L AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONFLICTS ON MULTIPLE-USE TRAILS: SYNTHESIS OF THE LITERATURE AND STATE OF THE PRACTICE PY - 1994/08 SP - 68 p. AB - The National Recreational Trails Advisory Committee identified trail-user conflicts of multiple-use trails as a major concern that needs resolution. This synthesis is intended to establish a baseline of the current state of knowledge and practice and to serve as a guide for trail managers and researchers. The goal of the report is to promote user safety, protect natural resources, and provide high-quality user experiences. It reviews management options such as trail design, information and education, user involvement, and regulations and enforcement. The report provides 12 principles for minimizing conflicts on multiple-use trails. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Consumers KW - Guides to the literature KW - Literature reviews KW - Management KW - Multiple use KW - Natural resources KW - Options KW - Protection KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies KW - Trails KW - Users UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6300/6341/Conflicts.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00678012 AU - Mironer, M AU - Hendricks, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EXAMINATION OF SINGLE VEHICLE ROADWAY DEPARTURE CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/08 SP - 49 p. AB - The report provides an analysis of single vehicle roadway departure (SVRD) crashes to guide the development of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) crash avoidance systems. It introduces the problem of SVRD crashes: a crash is defined as a SVRD when the first harmful event is the departure from the roadway, thus excluding departures resulting from prior impacts. Two crash subtypes are identified and casual factors that contribute to SVRD crashes are assessed clinically from a sample of SVRD crashes. From these data, functional goals for IVHS SVRD crash avoidance systems are described. KW - Crash injury research KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Rolling contact KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Vehicle road interface UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676850 AU - Chovan, J D AU - Tijerina, L AU - Pierowicz, D L AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EXAMINATION OF UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION, STRAIGHT CROSSING PATH CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/08 SP - 72 p. AB - This report provides a preliminary analysis of unsignalized intersection, straight crossing path crashes and applicable countermeasure concepts for the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) program. A UI/SCP crash occurs when two vehicles, one with the right-of-way and one without, collide at right angles while both are attempting to pass straight through an intersection controlled by stop signs. A detailed analysis of 100 such crashes showed that drivers ran the stop sign in about 42% of these crashes and that the remaining crashes involved drivers who stopped and then proceeded against cross traffic. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Countermeasures KW - Crosswalks KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intersection collisions KW - Intersections KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Right of way KW - Stop signs KW - Straight crossing path KW - Traffic crashes KW - Unsignalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667608 AU - Tijerina, L AU - Chovan, J D AU - Pierowicz, J AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EXAMINATION OF SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION, STRAIGHT CROSSING PATH CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/08 SP - 60 p. AB - This report provides a preliminary analysis of signalized intersection, straight crossing path (SI/SCP) crashes to support development of crash avoidance system (CAS) functional concepts as part of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS). An SI/SCP crash is defined as a crash at a signalized intersection in which two vehicles, one with and one without right-of-way, collide in straight crossing paths. A detailed analysis of 50 such crashes shows that 41% of these crashes are caused by drivers who were unaware of the signal presence and its status, and that 16% were caused by drivers who attempted to beat the amber phase. The CAS concepts discussed in this report are driver alerts, driver warnings, partially automatic control systems, fully automatic control systems, and a hybrid system that incorporates the previous four concepts and transitions among them. The report also provides kinematic models to determine the time and distance available for crash avoidance under various vehicle operating conditions. The report concludes with a number of research needs to better understand SI/SCP crashes and guide CAS development. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash causes KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Kinematics KW - Research KW - Signalized intersections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01526403 AU - Margiotta, Richard AU - Cohen, Harry AU - Morris, Robert AU - Trombly, Jeffrey AU - Dixson, Andrew AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Cambridge Systematics AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Roadway Usage Patterns: Urban Case Studies PY - 1994/07/22/Final Report SP - 108p AB - The transportation profession has long suffered from inadequate data on which to base policy and programming decisions. One of the data shortcomings has been the lack of realistic urban travel patterns on which to base models of highway performance. This study pursued five objectives. The first objective was the development of a study data base. Second, the study provided a general understanding of congestion. Third, two specific products were developed by analyzing the data that were collected: (1) revised annual average daily traffic to capacity ratio (AADT/C) vs. volume to capacity ration (V/C) relationships and (2) temporal distributions of traffic. Both of these products are to be used by the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) simulation models. Fourth, the study revised the congestion term in the HPMS speed determination models previously developed for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Finally, the study outlined options for monitoring congestion on a continuing and national basis. KW - Annual average daily traffic KW - Case studies KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway Performance Monitoring System KW - Highway travel KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban highways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/51000/51600/51637/Roadway_Usage_Patterns_1994.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1310512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00811204 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS - TRANSPORTATION ISTEA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SERVER - NET PROTOTYPE POOLED FUND STUDY: PHASE A - SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES - SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1994/07/12 SP - 9 p. AB - This Pooled Fund Study develops a comprehensive information framework for States and Metropolitan Planning Organizations to use in multi-jurisdictional, multi-modal transportation planning. The study has three objectives: 1. to create a comprehensive information systems architecture for coordinating and integrating transportation planning activities at all levels of government; 2. to encourage the development of functional transportation geographic information systems (GIS-T) server net prototypes; and 3) to demonstrate the design, implementation and operation of multiple transportation planning systems in a GIS-T server net environment. This interim report presents the results of the first phase of the study and focuses on the integrated data, activity and business systems models produced and on the information engineering methods used to develop these models. KW - Design KW - Geographic information systems KW - Implementation KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Management information systems KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Multijurisdictional KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operations KW - Prototype tests KW - States KW - System design KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/phasea.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672269 AU - Karash, K H AU - Schweiger, C AU - EG&G Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING DATA REQUIREMENTS IN FEDERAL LEGISLATION PY - 1994/07 SP - 97 p. AB - This report identifies the new planning and associated data collection requirements set forth in the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991. Even though the requirements differ in terms of their specificity, they promote the integration of transportation and air quality planning processes. KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Clean air act amendments 1990 KW - Data collection KW - Federal laws KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel Model Improvement Program UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/tmi.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672268 AU - Schweiger, Carol L AU - EG&G Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - REVIEW OF AND PRELIMINARY GUIDELINES FOR INTEGRATING TRANSIT INTO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT CENTERS PY - 1994/07 SP - 102 p. AB - This report describes how transit-related functions can be incorporated into transportation management centers: facilities which use advanced technologies to provide transportation information and manage or control transportation networks. The study team contacted 13 TMCs around the country to determine how they had dealt with transit in the context of their overall operations. The document describes how the TMCs contacted coordinated their various roles and responsibilities, and the technologies currently used by the TMCs to collect and disseminate transit and traffic information. The needed capabilities of future traveler information systems were also discussed. A detailed list of contacts with the TMCs is also included. KW - Guidelines KW - Information systems KW - Passenger information systems KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traffic control centers KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/IVHS.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411437 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01103155 AU - Little, Cheryl AU - Wooster, Jean AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS and Environmental Impacts: Implications of the Operational Tests. National Policy Conference on Intelligent Operational Tests PY - 1994/06 AB - This paper examines the implications of the operational tests for assessing the environmental impacts of IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System) user services. The contents include a discussion on: The fundamental elements and relationships that must be considered by operational tests in order to evaluate the emissions and fuel consumption impacts of IVHS user services; The scope of IVHS field tests with environmental evaluation objectives in the United States, Europe, Japan, and Australia; The state-of-the-practice for appraising the environmental impacts of IVHS user services in field settings, including the use of experimental design, data collection, and analytical methods; Results on IVHS environmental impacts available from completed field tests; and The Volpe Centers efforts to develop a guidebook for conducting environmental evaluations within IVHS operational tests. U1 - National Policy Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems and the EnvironmentVolpe National Transportation Systems CenterArlington,VA,United States StartDate:19940606 EndDate:19940607 Sponsors:Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality management KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy making KW - Policy, legislation and regulation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16650/PB2000104457.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/862982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00677974 AU - Cardosi, K M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ANALYSIS OF TOWER (LOCAL) CONTROLLER - PILOT VOICE COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1994/06 SP - 32 p. AB - The purposes of this analyses were to examine current pilot-controller communication practices in the local control (tower) environment and to analyze the communication errors in detail. Forty-nine hours of voice tapes from ten Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) were examined. There were 11,234 controller-to-pilot transmissions in this sample. This included 8,444 messages of substance (e.g., clearance to takeoff or land, instructions to hold short or change radio frequencies, etc.) and 2,790 requests to information, salutations, etc. KW - Air traffic KW - Air traffic control KW - Communication and control KW - Communication systems KW - Speech KW - Voice communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676848 AU - Byman, J A AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - BUS AND PASSENGER ACCIDENT PREVENTION PY - 1994/06 SP - 94 p. AB - Mass transportation systems and specifically bus systems are a key element of the transportation network. While the safety record of bus transit operations has been very good, accidents still continue to occur. The resulting injuries, fatalities and property damage often result in the expenditure of funds which are becoming more scarce in today's society. This document, along with the Bus and Passenger Accident Prevention Seminar, provides guidance on how to prevent accidents through the development and implementation of an accident prevention program. Comprehensive accident prevention programs should save urban, rural and specialized transit systems considerable resources. The report and the resulting seminar were prepared for the Federal Transit Administration, Office of Technical Assistance and Safety. KW - Bus transit KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Prevention KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Transportation safety UR - http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/Publications/Safety/BusPass/BusPass.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49300/49366/BusPass.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676844 AU - Sussman, E D AU - Pollard, J K AU - Mengert, P AU - Disario, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - STUDY TO ESTABLISH RIDE COMFORT CRITERIA FOR HIGH SPEED MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1994/06 SP - 37 p. AB - The ride motions of a Maglev system were simulated by performing specific vertical and roll maneuvers in a small executive jet aircraft. After each maneuver the passenger subjects recorded a comfort rating on a 7-point scale from very comfortable to very uncomfortable. The vertical accelerations of the jet were measured with an accelerometer and recorded in a computer data file. The results showed that passenger discomfort increased with bank angle and roll rate in the case of roll maneuvers and with the magnitude of the vertical g forces in the case of vertical maneuvers. KW - Dynamics KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Passenger comfort KW - Ride quality KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Vertical dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676835 AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Haines, M J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES PROGRAM: REVIEW OF THE TRAVLINK AND GENESIS OPERATIONAL TESTS PY - 1994/06 SP - 74 p. AB - Minnesota Guidestar's Travlink and Genesis operational tests were chosen by the FHWA to be the subjects of case studies. The case studies were performed under the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was developed in response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The objective of each case study was to determine 1) institutional issues and legal impediments encountered during the establishment of partnership and deployment of IVHS services and products during the operational test, 2) the point in the life cycle of the operational test at which the impediments occurred, 3) how project partners and participants overcame impediments, and 4) lessons that were learned that are applicable to future deployments of IVHS products and services. This case study also describes the operational test and documents its history. Interviews for this case study were conducted during the summer and fall of 1993. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal factors KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00673987 AU - Joksch, H AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIRBAG FATALIIES APPROXIMATION FOR THE PASSENGER CAR FLEET PY - 1994/06 SP - 24 p. AB - Effects of airbags in the passenger car fleet were estimated by comparing fatality rates per registered passenger car. Fatalities, by seating position, were obtained from the 1992 Fatal Accident Reporting System data file, car registrations from the R.L. Polk National Vehicle Population Profile, and New Car Registration files. Driver, and right front-seat occupant, fatality rates in airbag-equipped and other cars were compared to estimate the effects of airbags relative to safety belts, as used in 1992. Corrections for vehicle age were made. Occupants of airbag-equipped cars had 30 to 33 percent lower fatality rates. Initially, heavier cars were equipped with airbags. Therefore, their occupant fatality rate would be lower, possibly by as much as 25 percent. Seventy-five percent of the airbag effect was in frontal impacts, the rest in side impacts; 95 percent were in nonrollover crashes. KW - Air bags KW - Air cushion KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Fatalities KW - Passenger cars KW - Restraint systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00668989 AU - DeBlasio, A J AU - Borg, E F AU - Gehring, S G AU - Underwood, S E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES PROGRAM: REVIEW OF THE FAST-TRAC OPERATIONAL TEST. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/06 SP - 80 p. AB - The FAST-TRAC (Faster and Safer Travel through Traffic Routing and Advanced Controls) operational test was one of eight operational tests chosen by the FHWA to be the subject of a case study. The eight case studies were performed under the Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was developed in response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. The objective of each case study was to determine (1) institutional issues and legal impediments encountered during the establishment of partnerships and deployment of IVHS services and products during the operational test, (2) the point in the life cycle of the operational test at which the impediments occurred, (3) how project partners and participants overcame impediments, and (4) lessons that were learned that are applicable to future deployments of IVHS products and services. This case study also describes the operational test and documents its history. Interviews for this case study were conducted during the summer of 1993. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Case studies KW - Deployment KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Legal factors KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Partnerships KW - Socioeconomic development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666402 AU - Unisys Corporation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1992 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1994/06 SP - 48 p. AB - This SAMIS 1992 annual report, now in its third year of publication, is a compilation and analysis of mass transit accident and casualty statistics reported by 600 transit systems in the United States under the FTA Section 15 reporting system. This report presents trend analyses summarizing the three years of SAMIS and a series of graphs and tables summarizing the safety performance of the transit industry in 1992. KW - Fatalities KW - Fta section 15 KW - Injuries KW - Injury statistics KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672507 AU - Webster, A L AU - Fuller, J W AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION: STATISTICS ON CANADIAN, MEXICAN, AND UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATION PY - 1994/05 SP - 83 p. AB - This document describes the transportation system of North America with comparable statistics for Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It was published to stimulate further efforts to describe and understand the continental transportation system, especially as the use of that system is fundamentally altered by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It contains extensive data on the size and scope, use, employment, fuel consumption, and economic role of each country's transportation system. Many of these data are for 1990, the most recent year for which information for all three countries was generally available. Time series data for 1987 to 1991 are included where possible. The data are compilations and estimates, and are not necessarily official statistics of the Canadian, Mexican, or United States governments. Some data may not be strictly comparable as transportation statistical materials are prepared differently in each country. In cases where values are missing or questionable, clearly indicated estimates have been included. Data sources and estimation methods are documented in Appendix A. Appendix B contains references. KW - Air transportation KW - Canada KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Employment KW - Fatalities KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway transportation KW - Mexico KW - Modal analysis KW - Modal split KW - North America KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_transportation/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674066 AU - Brown, K AU - Bucciarelli, M AU - Leo, F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ANALYSIS OF REQUIRED FLEET SIZE AND PRIVATE SECTOR COST COMPARISONS FOR THE USCG INLAND CONSTRUCTION TENDER FLEET PY - 1994/05 SP - 172 p. AB - This report documents an analysis performed in support of the United States Coast Guard in managing its fleet of construction tenders (WLICs). The project was sponsored by the Coast Guard's Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services, Short Range Aids to Navigation Division (G-NSR). Three areas were examined: a determination of the optimum number of WLCIs needed for the construction component of current WLIC work; a comparison of Coast Guard construction tender costs with representative private sector costs; and, an assessment of the mission-related factors concerning WLICs that should be considered before reducing the construction tender fleet or contracting for the construction of fixed aids to navigation. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Construction management KW - Costs KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Government vessels KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - United States Coast Guard KW - United States Coast Guard ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670572 AU - Brown, K AU - Bucciarelli, M AU - Leo, F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - ANALYSIS OF REQUIRED FLEET SIZE AND PRIVATE SECTOR COST COMPARISONS FOR THE USCG INLAND CONSTRUCTION TENDER FLEET; FINAL REPT. SEP 93- MAY 94 PY - 1994/05 SP - 173 p. AB - This report documents an analysis performed in support of the United States Coast Guard in managing its fleet of construction tenders (WLICs). Three areas were examined: a determination of the optimum number of WLICs needed for the construction component of current WLIC work; a comparison of Coast Guard construction tender costs with representative private sector costs; and an assessment of the mission-related factors concerning WLICs that need to be considered before reducing the construction tender fleet or contracting for the construction of fixed aids to navigation. The analysis concludes that 11 WLICs are required for construction purposes; private sector costs exceed those of Coast Guard construction tenders fully employed on construction activities; and mission-related factors -- including having the capability of shifting tenders in response to peaks in construction activity and vessel maintenance requirements -- need to be included in any decision to alter the size and locations of the construction tender fleet. Aids to navigation, Construction Tender, Buoy tender, Decision support system. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Buoys KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Decision support systems KW - Government vessels KW - Maintenance KW - Marker lights KW - Missions KW - Navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Obstruction markers KW - Requirements KW - Specifications KW - Tenders KW - United States Coast Guard KW - United States Coast Guard ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664644 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - SEISMIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR MASS TRANSIT FACILITIES PY - 1994/05 SP - 35 p. AB - Throughout history, earthquakes have been one of the most severe forms of national disaster, taking high tolls on life and property. Their unpredictability and violence makes it particularly difficult to anticipate and prepare for them. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is playing an active role in the area of seismic safety. A DOT Seismic Committee was formed to support the federal government's goal on seismic safety issues. In support of this committee, the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) was asked to provide general seismic design guidelines for select mass transit facilities under FTA's jurisdiction. Specifically, these facilities are underground structures, elevated guideways, and maintenance facilities. This report summarizes the current state of earthquake engineering in this country, and offers general guidance on how to include seismic considerations in transit structures. KW - Earthquake engineering KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquakes KW - Hazards KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Safety KW - Safety design KW - Seismic hazards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932224 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Collura, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: EVALUATION GUIDELINES PY - 1994/04 SP - 168 p. AB - The document presents guidelines for planning, implementing, and reporting the findings of the evaluation of Federal Transit Administration's (FTA's) Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) operational tests. These evaluation guidelines are intended for use by organizations engaged by the Research and Special Programs Administration/Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to evaluate the APTS operational tests. In addition, the guidelines will be useful to state and local organizations involved in the design and evaluation of the APTS. The objective of the guidelines is to foster consistency of evaluation philosophy and techniques, and comparability and transferability of results to improve the quality and utility of information obtained from the APTS program. The guidelines are designed to emphasize the assessment of the APTS program's national objectives as well as the objectives of the local implementing agency. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Operations KW - Performance tests KW - Planning KW - Program management KW - Quality assurance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24000/24029/1XB01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672254 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES. ADVANTAGE I-75 CASE STUDY PY - 1994/04 SP - 35 p. AB - The Advantage I-75 project was established as an international public/private partnership to provide a testbed for deploying advanced IVHS technologies designed to increase transport efficiency, improve safety, and enhance mobility along the 2,200-mile Interstate 75. Using the Mainline Automated Clearance System (MACS), trucks equipped with transponders and proper documentation will be able to travel any segment along the Ontario-Florida corridor at mainline speeds with no more than one stop at an enforcement station. The project's development, goals and objectives, management structure, and initiators and champions, as well as the selection and involvement of sponsoring agencies are described in the report, along with a detailed description of the operational field test. KW - Advanced systems KW - Case studies KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672253 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES. ADVANCE CASE STUDY PY - 1994/04 SP - 40 p. AB - The ADVANCE operational field test began with preliminary studies in the late 1980s. This test involves the building of a system that can give drivers optimal driving routes that avoid traffic congestion conditions. The field test will recruit up to 5000 local drivers who will have a special Motorist Navigation Aid installed in their own cars at no cost to the volunteer. Project documentation was reviewed in order to understand the project's history, milestones, and accomplishments. Section II of this report describes key aspects of the ADVANCE project. These include the project's history, goals and objectives, and descriptions of the partnerships and participants. Specifics regarding the operational field test, such as how ADVANCE works, the use of volunteer local drivers, and methods for funding, are also provided. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Field tests KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Route choice KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672255 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES; ANALYSIS AND LESSONS LEARNED PY - 1994/04 SP - 135 p. AB - This 'Analysis and Lessons Learned' report contains observations, conclusions, and recommendations based on the performance of six case studies of Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) projects. Information to support the development of the case studies included available documents on each program as well as interview notes and summaries based on an interview protocol especially created for this contract. A detailed description of the standardized procedures and methods followed during the conduct of the interviews is documented within a 'Detailed Field Guide', produced as a separate deliverable of this TTD. Also, a separate 'Case Study" has been published on each of the six projects. Lists of agencies interviewed and bibliographies of key references are provided as appendices to each case study. KW - Case studies KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672257 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES. TRANSCOM/TRANSMIT CASE STUDY PY - 1994/04 SP - 33 p. AB - The Transportation Operations Coordinating Committee (TRANSCOM) is a coalition of 15 traffic, transit, and police agencies in the New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut metropolitan area. TRANSCOM's IVHS operational field test, the TRANSCOM System for Managing Incidents and Traffic (TRANSMIT), is testing Electronic Toll and Traffic Management (ETTM) technologies for collecting real-time traffic information, such as speed and travel time, and for detecting incidents. In order to understand the institutional issues encountered in TRANSCOM/TRANSMIT as well as the project's history, milestones, and accomplishments, interviews with a number of key personnel were conducted. KW - Case studies KW - Highway traffic control KW - Incident detection KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Real time control KW - Real time operations KW - Traffic signal controllers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672256 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES. HELP/CRESCENT CASE STUDY PY - 1994/04 SP - 24 p. AB - The Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate Program (HELP) project is a multi-state, multi-national research effort to design and test an integrated heavy vehicle monitoring system using automated vehicle identification (AVI), automated vehicle classification (AVC), and weigh-in-motion (WIM) technologies. The operational field test of the HELP program is known as the Crescent project. Its goal is to demonstrate the various technologies that would comprise a system whereby a truck entering in British Columbia, can drive through the entire crescent-shaped network, from British Columbia to Texas, without having to stop at other weigh stations or ports-of-entry. KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Electronic monitoring systems KW - Heavy duty trucks KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Monitoring KW - Weigh in motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672258 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES: WESTCHESTER COMMUTER CENTRAL CASE STUDY PY - 1994/04 SP - 15 p. AB - The County of Westchester, located immediately North of New York City, covers a land area of approximately 450 square miles with a resident population of approximately 875,000. Travellers to, from, and within the County have available within the County four major interstate highways, seven limited access parkways, and an extensive system of state, county, city, town, and village roads and streets. In March 1991, the Westchester County Department of Public Works submitted a Traffic Safety Board Feasibility Study to the County Executive for the establishment of a public/private sector, county-wide communications center. The study proposed a solution to a perceived transportation problem - the lack of a broadly ranged, centralized communication of real-time road conditions and transportation information in Westchester County and neighboring communities. The study envisioned a communication center that would coordinate and interact with existing services while gathering previously untapped real-time traffic and transit data. The information would then be disseminated to users, both public and private, using available technology. Furthermore, the communications center would be managed within a fee structure to generate operating funds for the center. KW - Case studies KW - Communication systems KW - Institutional issues KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public private partnerships KW - Real time control KW - Real time operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01548146 AU - Elliott, Robert P AU - Gowda, Giri AU - Mack Blackwell National Rural Transportation Center AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Deformation of Surface and Binder Courses PY - 1994/03//Final Report SP - 53p AB - To determine the relative rut resistance of typical Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) surface and binder mixes, repeated load, permanent deformation tests were conducted. Both laboratory prepared specimens and specimens obtained by coring in-service pavements were tested. The accumulated permanent strain after 10,000 load repetitions was used as the measure of relative rutting resistance. The test results clearly show the surface mix to be much less rut resistant than the binder mix. The average strain of the surface mix ranged from 3 to 5.5 times the average strain in the binder mix. Based on this finding, it is recommended that restrictions be placed on the substitution of surface for specifications to implement the recommendation. KW - Arkansas KW - Binder course KW - Laboratory tests KW - Repeated loads KW - Rutting KW - Surface course (Pavements) UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%209204.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941433 AU - Pelloux, R M AU - Grundy, D C AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THERMOMECHANICAL TESTING AND MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF CLASS L STEEL WHEEL ALLOY PY - 1994/03 SP - 42 p. AB - Macrostructure, microstructure, and quantitative metallographic analysis is conducted on Association of American Railroads Class L wheel steel specimens tested in a Gleeble 1500 under combined mechanical compression and resistance heating to temperatures above and below the austenite transformation temperature. The mechanical loading shears the as-received ferrite-pearlite microstructure. A partially or fully recrystallized microstructure is observed in the sheared regions. The recrystallized microstructure contains fine globular carbides typical of a spheroidized steel and is produced at temperatures below the austenite transformation temperature. Trends are found toward increasing recrystallized fraction with increasing temperature and decreasing fraction with increasing compression above 4.5% strain. KW - Compression KW - Macrostructure KW - Mechanical loads KW - Metallurgy KW - Microstructure KW - Railroad cars KW - Steel KW - Temperature KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00719458 AU - Chovan, J D AU - Tijerina, L AU - Alexander, G AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EXAMINATION OF LANE CHANGE CRASHES AND POTENTIAL IVHS COUNTERMEASURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/03 SP - 60 p. AB - This report provides an analysis of lane change crashes to guide the development of Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) crash avoidance systems. It introduces the problem of lane change crashes: A lane change crash occurs when a driver attempts to change lanes and strikes or is struck by a vehicle in the adjacent lane. Two crash subtypes are identified and causal factors that contribute to lane change crashes are assessed clinically from a sample of lane change crash cases. From these data, functional goals for IVHS lane change crash avoidance systems are described. A simple kinematic model of normal lane change and evasive steering maneuvers introduces key pre-crash variables and outlines the space of time and distance available for crash avoidance from a kinematic perspective, concluding with a discussion of key research needed to extend the analysis presented. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Kinematics KW - Lane changing KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16677/PB2000104485.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00729895 AU - Tang, Y H AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - STUDY OF BRAKING OPERATIONS USING A LOCOMOTIVE SIMULATOR PY - 1994/03 SP - 73 p. AB - The Volpe Center is currently supporting the Federal Railroad Administration in developing revisions to the safety standards for train air brakes. As part of the program, one of the tasks was to evaluate the effects certain operating parameters have as the performance and response of braking operations. A Locomotive Engineer Training Simulator (LETS) was used to perform a series of braking operations with different combinations of operating parameters. A log which documented the results was generated for each train simulation. After the simulations were completed, results from the log were reorganized and translated into plots for analysis. This report summarizes the results from the analysis. KW - Air brakes KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Railroad simulators KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738635 AU - Nadler, E AU - Mengert, P AU - Grossberg, M AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENER PERFORMANCE GAINS DUE TO COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION (SAFE PASSAGE (TRADE NAME)) PY - 1994/03 SP - 32 p. AB - This document describes research to improve the performance of airport security screeners. The research supports advancement of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) and was performed by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center of the Department of Transportation. Quantitative evidence is presented for screener performance gains during voluntary recurrent training, using Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) on the 'Safe Passage' System, a product of Public Computer Systems, Inc., of Rochester, New York. KW - Airport security KW - Airports KW - Performance evaluations KW - Screener performance KW - Security KW - Systems analysis KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572734 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00738636 AU - Nadler, E AU - Mengert, P AU - Carpenter-Smith, T AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENER PERFORMANCE GAINS DUE TO ONLINE TRAINING AND TESTING (LINESCAN (TRADE NAME) TNT)) PY - 1994/03 SP - 28 p. AB - This document describes research to improve the performance of airport security screeners. The research supports advancement of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) and was performed by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center of the Department of Transportation. Quantitative evidence is presented for screener performance gains during voluntary recurrent training, using computer-based instruction (CBI) on the 'TnT', a product of EG&G Astrophysics Research Corporation of Long Beach, California. KW - Airport security KW - Airports KW - Information processing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Screener performance KW - Security KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/572735 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728584 AU - Lappin, J E AU - Sloan, S M AU - Church, R F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - A MARKET ANALYSIS OF THE COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC INFORMATION BUSINESS PY - 1994/03 SP - 28 p. AB - This document examines the private sector traffic information marketplace in the United States -- its beginnings, history, economics, business operations, functions, products, and possible future directions -- particularly as it relates to the individual consumer. The intent is to provide public policy analysts and decision-makers with an overview of this profitable, established, yet little-documented Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) market. Traffic information is a central element in the emerging Advanced Technology Information Systems (ATIS) marketplace; analysis of the commercial traffic information industry can provide insight into the prospects for future ATIS products and services. A major portion of this document relies on a four-part functional model to categorize, analyze, and describe in detail the activities of the companies and consumers that make up the traffic information business. The model's four categories are: (1) traffic data collection, (2) traffic data processing for wholesale distribution, (3) traffic information broadcasting or retailing, and (4) the traffic information consumer. At each of these levels of activity, data is collected or received, and a function is performed that adds value (e.g., "processing," "distribution"). KW - Analysis KW - Broadcasting KW - Businesses KW - Consumers KW - Data collection KW - Economics KW - History KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Private enterprise KW - Products KW - Profitability KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16688/PB2000104498.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728583 AU - Koutsopoulos, H AU - Polydoropoulou, A AU - Ben-Akiva, Moshe AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: THE USE OF TRAVEL SIMULATORS TO INVESTIGATE THE RESPONSE TO TRAFFIC INFORMATION PY - 1994/03 SP - 90 p. AB - Increasing attention has been paid in recent years to the use of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) for alleviating traffic congestion. Understanding user response to traffic, transit, and parking information is important both for designing ATIS operations and for evaluating their effectiveness and resulting benefits. This report makes a distinction between travel simulators, used to study the travelers response to information acquisition, and driving simulators which are elaborate tools used mainly for human factors research. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Behavior KW - Driving simulators KW - Human factors KW - Research KW - Responses KW - Simulation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Training simulators KW - Travel KW - User behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728581 AU - Lappin, J E AU - Figoni, P AU - Sloan, S M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - A PRIMER ON CONSUMER MARKETING RESEARCH: PROCEDURES, METHODS, AND TOOLS PY - 1994/03 SP - 46 p. AB - This primer is a guide to the approach, procedures, and research tools used by private industry in predicting consumer response. It is designed to provide the non-marketing researcher with a good understanding of how this particular type of human behavior research is pursued. Some of the methods discussed include: focus groups, surveys, controlled experiments, questionnaires, sampling procedures, interviewing, and data analysis. The final two chapters focus on the challenges of doing marketing research on "revolutionary" products, or those products which the consumer has had no direct experience, as is the case with most Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) products and services. KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interviewing KW - Market research KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Methodology KW - Procedures KW - Statistical sampling KW - Surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16689/PB2000104499.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728582 AU - Parish, T R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CASE STUDIES OF MARKET RESEARCH FOR THREE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION PRODUCTS PY - 1994/03 SP - 63 p. AB - This report is the second of a two-part project. It builds on the first report ("A Primer on Marketing Research") by presenting case studies which describe the actual approach and methods used to assess the market for three innovative transportation communications products. In combination, these two reports illustrate some of the market related complexities which confront new "high tech" products of unproven consumer utility. KW - Case studies KW - Communications KW - Innovation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Market research KW - Methodology KW - Products KW - Transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16687/PB2000104497.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721788 AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - TURNKEY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: EXPERT ROUNDTABLE WORKSHOP ON TECHNIQUES FOR SUCCESSFUL DESIGN/BUILD FOR TRANSIT PY - 1994/03 SP - 20 p. AB - The FTA and the Volpe Center co-sponsored a special expert symposium as part of the continuing industry outreach for the FTA Turnkey Demonstration Program on March 4, 1994. The purpose of the workshop was to exchange information of the Design/Build Process (Turnkey) financial and procurement techniques as well as to advance the understanding of applying Design/Build concepts in transit projects. More than 50 persons attended the session, representing various participating transit agencies, general engineering firms, investment bankers, industry consultants, and other disciplines. This brochure presents a synopsis of the major highlights of the workshop presentation and discussions, namely: FTA Turnkey Policy; Project Teaming; Transit Agency Project Profiles; Turnkey Financing, Contracting, and Designing; and Turnkey Technology Selection. KW - Contracting KW - Design KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Procurement KW - Project management KW - Turnkey systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676923 AU - Logan, K P AU - MACSEA Limited AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NEURAL NETWORK-BASED AUTOPILOT FOR IMPROVED SHIP CONTROL PY - 1994/02/11 SP - 100 p. AB - The purpose of this research was to assess the feasibility of replicating human ship control with an artificially intelligent neurocontroller which can learn the motion hydrodynamics of a large tanker and make intelligent steering control actions. The research methodology involved training two separate neural networks; one emulator network for learning tanker hydrodynamics and a second controller network. The emulator network was trained to predict future ship states from current and time-delayed states and control commands. Training data covered a range of turning circle and zig-zag maneuvers. The emulator network demonstrated reasonable generalization capabilities, as it was able to predict ship responses for novel conditions upon which it hadn't been trained. The commercial potential of this technology is a system that automatically "imprints" or learns ship hydrodynamics and uses this knowledge for precise control functions. KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automatic pilot KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Maneuvering KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Ship motion KW - Ship pilotage KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Steering control KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01478636 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Sustainable Transportation: Developing a Framework for Policy Innovation: Summary of Proceedings, December 14, 1993 PY - 1994/02 SP - v.p. AB - Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future. How can sustainable development be linked meaningfully to transportation planning and policies? On December 14, 1993, the Department of Transportation's Volpe National Transportation Systems Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, held a one-day workshop to enhance the Department's understanding of the meaning, dimensions, and likely policy implications of "sustainable transportation." At the workshop, approximately 50 representatives from the research community, industry, state and local governments, environmental interests, transportation user groups, and the Department participated in a series of round-table discussions designed to identify and address key issues that underlie the new policy directions. The workshop was chaired by Richard R. John, Director of the Volpe Center. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable development KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47000/47031/SustainableTransport1993Conf.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173069 AU - Madigan, Edwin F AU - Shearfer, Vicki M AU - Eldridge, Donald AU - Huntley, Stephen AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Pilot GPS LORAN Receiver Programming Performance A Laboratory Evaluation PY - 1994/02//Final Report SP - 95p AB - This study was designed to explore GPS/LORAN receiver programming performance under simulated flight conditions. The programming task consisted of entering, editing, and verifying a four-waypoint flight plan. The task demands were manipulated by varying flight turbulence and the time interval between test sessions. Flight performance data indicated that subjects were well trained on the flight task; significant effects of turbulence and test interval were not found. Programming performance was very good and critical errors occurred on only 13% of the test trials. Examination of the conditions surrounding each error indicated that specific display design and system logic attributes contributed to the errors. In addition, examination of error recovery methods showed that non-intuitive menu structures complicated and confused the recovery process. Pilots rarely recalled "doing anything wrong" when errors occurred, suggesting that the receiver interface design was opaque and did not provide a good understanding of system function. Recommendations for GPS/LORAN receiver controls, functions, menu structure and logic, error recognition and recovery, and general usability are discussed. KW - Air pilots KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airline pilots KW - Errors KW - Flight plans KW - Flight simulators KW - Global Positioning System KW - Laboratory tests KW - Loran KW - Turbulence UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33700/33793/33793.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676853 AU - Taylor, J C AU - Garver, M AU - Flanagan, A C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF U.S.-CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ACCOMMODATE THE TRADE THROUGH EASTERN BORDER CROSSINGS. APPPENDIX: DESCRIPTIVE PROFILES OF MICHIGAN FRONTIER PY - 1994/02 SP - 78 p. AB - The document is one of five containing infrastructure inventories of facilities along the eastern U.S.-Canada border. This work, conducted by the Volpe Center and Wayne State University, draws upon previous studies and data collection efforts. These sources were augmented by data from border crossing authorities, facility operators, and the federal inspection services, and from on-site visits to border crossing facilities. The effect of the study is a first step in the development of a more comprehensive understanding of trade and traffic flows in North America. KW - Canada KW - Facilities KW - Infrastructure KW - International borders KW - International trade KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676851 AU - Flanagan, A C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF U.S.-CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ACCOMMODATE THE TRADE THROUGH EASTERN BORDER CROSSINGS. APPENDIX: DESCRIPTIVE PROFILES OF MAINE FRONTIER PY - 1994/02 SP - 133 p. AB - The profiles contained in the appendix are all in the Portland, Maine District. They are listed below by border groups as used in the study, with the U.S. Customs port codes indicated. Maine Frontier Border Crossings: Calais - Calais, Ferry Point, ME (10115); Calais, Milltown, ME (10115); and Vanceboro, ME (10103). Houlton - Houlton, ME (10106); Orient, ME (10106); Monticello Station, ME (10106); Bridgewater, ME (10127); Fort Fairfield, ME (10107), and Limestone, ME (10118). Madawaska - Madawaska, ME (10109); Van Buren, ME (10108); and Hamlin, ME (10108). KW - Canada KW - Customs administration KW - Infrastructure KW - International borders KW - International trade KW - Maine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676852 AU - Flanagan, A C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF U.S.-CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ACCOMMODATE THE TRADE THROUGH EASTERN BORDER CROSSINGS. APPENDIX: DESCRIPTIVE PROFILES OF MONTREAL SOUTH FRONTIER PY - 1994/02 SP - 121 p. AB - The profiles contained in the appendix are all in the St. Albans, Vermont district. They are listed below by border groups as used in the study, with the U.S. Customs port codes indicated. Montreal South Frontier Crossings: Derby Line, VT (10209); Derby Line Interstate 91 Crossing; Derby Line Route 5 Crossing; Beebe Plain; and North Troy. Norton, VT: Norton (10211): Beecher Falls (10206); Canaan (10206); and Pittsburg, NH (10206). KW - Canada KW - Customs administration KW - Infrastructure KW - International borders KW - International trade KW - Vermont UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676854 AU - Taylor, J C AU - Garver, M AU - Flanagan, A C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF U.S.-CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ACCOMMODATE THE TRADE THROUGH EASTERN BORDER CROSSINGS. APPENDIX: DESCRIPTIVE PROFILES OF NIAGARA FRONTIER PY - 1994/02 SP - 66 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 calls for a study U.S. international border crossings. The objective of the study is to identify existing and emerging trade corridors and transportation subsystems that facilitate trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The appendix contains a series of border crossing profiles covering the major crossings and in some cases minor crossings in the border frontier. The frontier itself is a definition created for the 6015 Study to aid in the analysis of trade and traffic flows. The crossings included in this discussion include all commercial ports in the frontier, all ports identified as having infrastructure needs, and most of the smaller ports if traffic volumes warranted. These latter predominantly serve local needs. KW - Canada KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - International borders KW - International trade KW - Mexico KW - Studies KW - Trade route studies KW - Trade routes KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01560222 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Promoting Transportation Applications in Defense Conversion and other Advanced Technologies: Summary of Proceedings, January 1994 PY - 1994/01//Summary of Proceedings SP - 65p AB - From September-November 1993, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Secretary Federico Peña sponsored a series of meetings, called "Promoting Transportation Applications in Defense Conversion and Other Advanced Technologies," to advance President Bill Clinton's technology policy to reinforce the Administration's commitment to transportation-related research. Day-long seminars were held in cooperation with four universities across the country: the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the University of California, Davis; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; and the University of Texas, Austin. About 300 leaders in state and local government, industry, small business, and academia came together with the goal of matching transportation research and development needs with advanced technologies residing in the national laboratories and defense industries. Numerous key transportation research and development needs amenable to current technological solutions were identified, as well as promising advanced technologies. The seminar series was developed and planned by the Office of the Secretary and the Department's Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. KW - Conferences KW - Meetings KW - National defense KW - Needs assessment KW - Policy making KW - Research KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology assessment KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/54000/54700/54708/Promoting_Trn_Applications_DOD_Conversion.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1348770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642612 AU - Schweiger, Carol L AU - Kihl, M AU - Labell, L N AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: THE STATE OF THE ART, UPDATE '94 PY - 1994/01 SP - 154 p. AB - This report documents one of the components of FTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report is an update to the original State-of-the-Art report which was published in April 1991, and a subsequent update, published in April 1992. It contains the results of a limited investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. It focuses on some of the most innovative or comprehensive implementations, categorized under three types of technologies: Smart Traveler, Smart Vehicle, and Smart Intermodal Systems. The objective of this effort is to increase the industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoption. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Automation KW - Control systems automation KW - Fta section 6 KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Navigation systems KW - Smart intermodal systems KW - Smart traveler KW - State of the art studies KW - Technological innovations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24000/24057/1X_01.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56319/advancedpublict9409john_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00662798 AU - Bradley, K M AU - Chin, S M AU - Davis, S C AU - Frechtling, D C AU - Fuller, J W AU - Fulton, P N AU - Greene, D L AU - Hu, P S AU - Pisarski, A AU - Rossetti, M A AU - Barbato, P AU - Beardsley, P AU - Hall, L M AU - Spear, B D AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS: ANNUAL REPORT, 1994 PY - 1994/01 SP - 243 p. AB - This report is a summary of the state of the nation's transportation systems and the issues and consequences of maintaining such a diverse and complex network. All transportation modes--air, highway, rail, water, and pipeline--are examined through available data and statistical studies. In addition, the report takes a closer look at the statistics themselves and identifies obstacles to attaining both quantity of and quality in information on transportation in the United States. This report highlights attempts toward the design and implementation of better measures to transform existing and new data into useful information. It is organized in the following chapters: (1) Transportation and the Nation; (2) Transportation Network; (3) Use of the System; (4) How Well Does it Work?; (5) Transportation and its Costs; (6) Transportation and Safety; (7) Transportation, Energy, and the Environment; (8) The State of the Statistics; and (9) Transportation and the Future. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics is responsible for only a portion of the major federal statistical programs. An appendix describes the other programs by agency, starting with the constituent parts of the U.S. Department of Transportation. KW - Air transportation KW - Costs KW - Data KW - Energy KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Highway transportation KW - Information organization KW - Pipelines KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/1994/pdf/report.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23500/23552/report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646995 AU - Spear, B D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - NEW APPROACHES TO TRAVEL FORECASTING MODELS. A SYNTHESIS OF FOUR RESEARCH PROPOSALS PY - 1994/01 SP - 34 p. AB - This report summarizes 4 approaches proposed by transportation consultants on how transportation planning models should and could be improved. New approaches can meet new forecasting requirements, address the impacts of new transportation technology, and exploit the travel behavior theory and methodology that has developed over the past 2 decades. This document identifies common themes in the approaches and elements missing from some approaches, with the aim of developing a research plan for the future models. Topics highlighted include microsimulation approaches to travel demand forecasting, dynamic assignment models, use of geographic information systems (GIS) as a platform for forecasting models, and linkages between travel demand and mobile emissions models. KW - Dynamic models KW - Emission factors KW - Forecasting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Microsimulation KW - Pollutants KW - Research projects KW - Simulation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand UR - https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/tmip/publications/other_reports/new_approaches_travel_forecasting/natf.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/444.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646991 AU - Balog, J N AU - Schwarz, A N AU - Doyle, B C AU - Ketron Division of the Bionetics Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSIT SYSTEM SECURITY PROGRAM PLANNING GUIDE PY - 1994/01 SP - 130 p. AB - The goal of the FTA Safety and Security Program is to achieve the highest practical level of safety and security in all transit modes. To protect passengers, employees, revenues, and property, all transit systems are encourages to develop, implement, and maintain a System Security Plan and Program. The purpose of this guide is to help transit systems develop, outline, and write their security plan in order to implement an effective Security Program. This guide is a "Do It Yourself/Self Instructional" type of manual for developing a Transit System Security Plan and Program. The guide has been developed so that you can read a chapter and then prepare the comparable section in your plan. Each aspect of a transit security plan is discussed to ensure that when complete, the plan/document will demonstrate management's commitment and policy regarding security; introduce the concept of a System Security Program; describe the transit system; establish the management of the plan; detail the Security Program by assigning responsibilities; explain how threats and vulnerabilities will be identified, assessed, and resolved; describe how the plan itself will be implemented to establish or revise the program; and describe how the Security Plan will be evaluated and modified. Additional information in the appendices will help make the complete Security Plan a valuable security reference. The guide also includes a bibliography of approximately 200 documents. KW - Guidelines KW - Program management KW - Public transit KW - Safety programs KW - Security UR - http://www.bts.gov/NTL/DOCS/tssp.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/tssp.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56579/transitsystemsec941bion_0.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56617/transitsystemsec941bion_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646535 AU - Balog, J N AU - Schwarz, A N AU - Doyle, B C AU - Ketron Division of the Bionetics Corporation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TRANSIT SYSTEM SECURITY SYSTEM PROGRAM GOAL PY - 1994/01 SP - 130 p. AB - The Federal Transit Administration's Safety and Security Program goal is to achieve the highest practical level of safety and security in all modes of transit. In order to protect passengers, employees, revenues, and property, all transit systems are encouraged to develop, implement, and maintain a System Security Plan and Program. Increased security should be accomplished through the use of a systems approach with both proactive and law enforcement activities clearly outlined in the Security Program Plan. The System Security Program Plan should be a complete, well thought out guide to establishing and maintaining a comprehensive Security Program for the transit system and the entire system for which it is responsible: this includes people, property, procedures, and environment. This Guide is designed to help transit systems outline and author the sections of a plan in order to implement an effective Security Program. The Guide discusses each aspect of a security plan to ensure that when complete, the plan document will demonstrate management's commitment and policy regarding security; introduce the concept of a Security System Program; describe the transit system; establish the management of the plan; detail the Security Program by assigning responsibilities; explain how threats and vulnerabilities will be identified, assessed, and resolved; describe how the plan itself will be implemented to establish or revise the program; and describe how the Security Plan will be evaluated and modified. Additional information in the appendixes will make the complete Security Plan a valuable security reference. The Guide includes a transit security bibliography of approximately 200 documents. KW - Crimes KW - Guidelines KW - Law enforcement KW - Prevention KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Safety and security KW - Security KW - Transportation safety KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642611 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Collura, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - EVALUATION GUIDELINES FOR THE ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS OPERATIONAL TESTS PY - 1994/01 SP - 170 p. AB - The Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program of the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) is an important element of the overall U.S. DOT Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) initiative. The goal of the APTS Program is to enhance the ability of public transportation systems to satisfy customer needs and contribute to community goals by providing information on innovative applications of available technologies from a coordinated operational test and evaluation program. Some operational tests will focus predominantly on a single mode, while other tests will include intermodal elements and considerations. The operational tests form an integral part of the APTS Program and are meant to serve as learning tools and models for other urban and rural areas throughout the country. In order for these tests to be effective in this way, a consistent and carefully structured approach for operational test evaluation must be employed. This document provides guidelines to assist in the evaluation of an APTS operational test. These guidelines have been developed to foster consistency of evaluation philosophy and techniques and comparability and transferability of results to improve the quality and usefulness of the findings and conclusions associated with the tests. Particular emphasis was placed on the formulation of measures which would facilitate the assessment of the APTS Program objectives associated with each test. To a great extent, these will also serve to assess the objectives of the local sponsoring organizations. These measures were grouped into six categories as will be discussed in this document. These guidelines are intended for use by those organizations involved in the evaluation process, including the evaluation contractor and the local sponsor. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced systems KW - Evaluation KW - Fta section 6 KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00776282 AU - Whitworth, Paul AU - GEOGRAPHICAL PRESS LIMITED AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ATIS MARKET RESEARCH : A SURVEY OF OPERATIONAL TESTS AND UNIVERSITY AND GOVERNMENT RESEARCH PY - 1994 SP - v, 37, 17 p. AB - This report outlines research that examines the market for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). The report includes detailed descriptions of Pathfinder, TravTek, and SmarTraveler ATIS operational tests. It includes basic background information and an assessment of market information which has been or will be collected. It also provides a brief description of five operational tests that are in the planning stages. The report also outlines market-related research projects that are underway or have recently been completed at universities and government transportation research labs. Work-in- progress is briefly described. Descriptions of recently completed research include an outline of the research, a brief summary of results, and citations referring the reader to where the work was published. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814683 AU - DeBlasio, Allan J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES PROGRAM : REVIEW OF THE FAST-TRAC OPERATIONAL TEST PY - 1994 SP - x, 69 p. AB - The FAST-TRAC (Faster and Safer Travel through Traffic Routing and Advanced Controls) operational test attempted to integrate advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) and advanced traffic management system (ATMS) technologies in Oakland County, Michigan. Section 1 of the report presents a summary of the project and of the issues learned that were discussed by the interviewees and questionnaire respondents. Section 2 describes the scope, history, management structure, and participants of the FAST-TRAC operational test. It also discusses the stated project goals and objectives, the goals and objectives of the project participants, the benefits the interviewees and questionnaire respondents foresee for participating in the project, the risks that they or their organization may be taking and what they see as the critical success factors of the project. Section 3 presents a more detailed discussion of the institutional issues and lessons learned. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Fast Trac (Program : Michigan) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Route choice KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681902 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786034 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Abbott, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - A NEW VLSI SMART SENSOR FOR COLLISION AVOIDANCE INSPIRED BY INSECT VISION PY - 1994 SP - p. 105-115 AB - This paper describes an analog VLSI (very large scale integration) implementation of a smart microsensor that mimics the early visual processing stage in insects. The emphasis is on the overall concept and the front-end detection. The integrated circuit is ideal for motion detection, particularly collision avoidance tasks, as it essentially detects distance, speed and bearing of an object. Applications in the areas of automobile anti-collision, Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems ( IVHS), and autonomous robot guidance are briefly discussed. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - In vehicle sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641205 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786036 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Raffaelli, Lamberto AU - Stewart, Earle AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - MILLIMETER-WAVE AUTOMOTIVE RADARS : THE MARKETS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND PRODUCTION COSTS PY - 1994 SP - p. 129-133 AB - This paper examines markets, competing technologies and required production costs of 77 GHz automotive radars. The design and performance of a 77 GHz monolithic transmitter specifically developed for automotive collision avoidance and intelligent cruise control radars is also presented. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Millimeter wave devices KW - Millimeter waves KW - Radar KW - Speed control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641207 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786049 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Nakamura, Masahiko AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL SYSTEM USING LASER RADAR PY - 1994 SP - p. 267-277 AB - This paper presents a laser radar based automatic steering control system. The system features the combination of a CCD and pulsed laser technology to implement detection without mechanical scanning. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automatic steering control KW - Optical radar UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641220 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786051 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Kenyon, Chase H AU - Murphy, Mike AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - SINGLE WIRE OR PATH GUIDANCE SYSTEMS AND THE INHERENT ADVANTAGES VS. MULTI- WIRE OR SIGNAL SYSTEMS IN COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS PY - 1994 SP - p. 286-296 AB - This paper describes a single wire guidance system with superior capabilities for lane changes and precision vehicle placement. The operation of this system, viewed as a case for single wire systems as a primary guide, is presented. Single wire systems as a complement to machine vision based and other systems are also discussed. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated guided vehicle systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641222 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786038 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Chachich, Alan AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - OPTICAL SENSING FOR GAS DETECTION IN ENCLOSED ROADWAYS PY - 1994 SP - p. 159-170 AB - This paper examines the feasibility of using optical gas sensors for real- time control of enclosed roadways as well as regional environmental monitoring of mobile source emissions. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Infrared detectors KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641209 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786040 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Luchian, Sergiu F AU - Krechmer, Daniel AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CASE STUDY : CENTRAL ARTERY (I-93)/ TUNNEL (I-90) PROJECT, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, USA PY - 1994 SP - p. 181-186 AB - This paper gives an overview of the Central Artery (I- 93)/Tunnel (I- 90) ( CA/T) Project in Boston. When completed, the project will have more Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technology within its infrastructure than any other highway in the U.S. The Integrated Project Control System (IPCS), composed of ITS and Facilities Control will be the focus of CA/T project operations. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641211 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786045 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Attia, M AU - Servel, A AU - Guibert, L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - AUTONOMOUS ON-BOARD OPTICAL PROCESSOR FOR DRIVING AID PY - 1994 SP - p. 227-233 AB - This paper describes a road sign recognition system which combines an optical system based on an optical correlator combined with ferroelectric liquid crystal light modulator. Preliminary in-car experimental results are presented. KW - In vehicle sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641216 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786047 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Ni, Yang AU - Lavainne, Frederic AU - Devos, F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - CMOS COMPATIBLE PHOTORECEPTOR FOR HIGH-CONTRAST CAR VISION PY - 1994 SP - p. 246-252 AB - This paper presents a CMOS compatible low fixed pattern noise logarithmic photoreceptor structure. Preliminary results show a dynamic range greater than seven decades. This dynamic range matches well to high contrast scene in car vision applications. KW - Computer vision KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641218 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786030 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Klein, Lawrence A AU - Kelley, Michael R AU - Mills, Milton K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IVHS PY - 1994 SP - p. 42-53 AB - This paper summarizes the detector technology and data evaluation methods and results from field tests conducted in Phoenix and Tucson as part of the Detection Technology for IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems) program. The following aspects of the program are briefly described: detector technologies evaluated, measured traffic parameters, test site description, recording of traffic flow data data acquisition runs, and data analysis. KW - Technology assessment KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641201 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786037 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Grosch, Theodore AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - A 24 GHZ FM/CW AUTOMOTIVE RADAR DESIGNED FOR COLLISION WARNING PY - 1994 SP - p. 148-158 AB - This paper describes a Frequency Modulated/Continuous Wave (FM/CW) radar developed for automotive applications. The objective of the effort is to design a low-cost automotive collision warning radar. The paper describes a forward looking homodyne FM/CW radar with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Radar UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641208 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786048 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Gil, Sylvia AU - Milanese, Ruggero AU - Pun, Thierry AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - FEATURE SELECTION FOR OBJECT TRACKING IN TRAFFIC SCENES PY - 1994 SP - p. 253-266 AB - This paper describes a motion-analysis system, applied to the problem of vehicle tracking in real-world highway scenes. It involves motion detection, mask refinement and propagation, and vehicle tracking with Kalman filters. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Computer vision KW - Kalman filtering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641219 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786041 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Ivan, John N AU - Davis, Christian F AU - Chen, Shyuan-Ren AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - VEHICLE-BASED VERSUS FIXED LOCATION MEASUREMENTS FOR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE IN IVHS PY - 1994 SP - p. 187-198 AB - This paper compares the performance of incident detection systems that use traditional fixed location surveillance data with those that use vehicle- based data. The most current methods of measuring traffic characteristics are first reviewed and then classified by the type of information each provides. Next, recent experience with incident detection using both types of surveillance systems is reviewed. Several incident detection methodologies are then compared using fixed location and vehicle based surveillance. KW - Automatic incident detection KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641212 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786044 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Baret, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - AUTONOMOUS INTELLIGENT CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM PY - 1994 SP - p. 216-226 AB - This paper describes the application of image processing and multi- target tracking to produce an autonomous intelligent cruise control (AICC) system. A sensor based on a charge coupled device (CCD) is used to acquire the reflected light on car reflectors of pulsed laser diodes emission. The CCD works in a unique mode called Flash During Transfer ( FDT) which allows the identification of target patterns in an optical environment. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Optical reflectors KW - Speed control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641215 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786033 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Kenue, Surender K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - VISION-BASED ALGORITHMS FOR NEAR-HOST OBJECT DETECTION AND MULTI-LANE SENSING PY - 1994 SP - p. 88-104 AB - In this paper, several new algorithms are proposed for multi- lane sensing, near-host object detection, vehicle cut-in situations and specifying regions of interest for object tracking. These algorithms were tested successfully on more than 6000 images taken from real- highway scenes under different daytime lighting conditions. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Computer algorithms KW - Computer vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641204 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786035 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Everson, Jeffrey H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - SENSOR PERFORMANCE AND WEATHER EFFECTS MODELING FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) APPLICATIONS PY - 1994 SP - p. 118-128 AB - This paper presents a method to determine the performance measurement of an imaging sensor and corresponding processing algorithm to avoid single vehicle roadway departure (SVRD) crashes. The paper discusses the modeling of image contrast parameters, as well as weather and visibility conditions, and characterizes the contrast performance effects due to reduced visibility. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Image processing KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Single vehicle crashes KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641206 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786050 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Kenyon, Chase H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - A COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED ROBOTIC VEHICLE DRIVERS AND GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES PY - 1994 SP - p. 280-285 AB - This paper describes a totally automated robotic vehicle driver and guidance system designed to serve in an automated vehicle chassis durability test facility. Goals of the project were to create a combination of robotic vehicle driver systems and a base traffic control system capable of testing up to 20 vehicles at a time on a 1.3 mile oval test track at speeds up to 50 MPH or greater. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Robotics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641221 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786052 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - DE VRIES, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING OF IVHS USING OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS PY - 1994 SP - p. 297-302 AB - In this paper, research on novel optical fiber sensing techniques for the monitoring of highways and bridges is reported. Design fabrication, and implementation of fiber optic sensor configurations used for measurements of strain are discussed. Results from field tests conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of fiber sensors at determining quantitative strain vector components near crack locations in bridges are presented. Emerging applications of fiber sensors for vehicle flow, vehicle speed, and weigh-in-motion measurements are also discussed. KW - Fiber optics KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641223 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786029 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Gilbert, R Kent AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - MEASUREMENT OF VEHICLE TRAJECTORIES USING 3-D LASER RADAR PY - 1994 SP - p. 30-41 AB - This paper focuses on the development of a measurement system using 3-D imaging laser radars and real-time image processing to quantitatively measure and characterize inter-vehicular motion (i.e. the Vehicle Motion Environment, VME) in real world settings. The system will be deployed to acquire data on vehicle centroid and heading trajectories that will be used to study vehicle dynamics and accident causation. This paper presents overviews of the national initiative for crash avoidance research, the role of the VME Program and the VME measuring system (VME- MS). It reports on simulation studies conducted in support of the image and data processing algorithm development. The motivation for and the implementation capabilities and results of these simulation studies are presented. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Optical radar KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641200 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786031 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Najm, Wassim G AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE CRASH AVOIDANCE SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES PY - 1994 SP - p. 62-72 AB - This paper concentrates on the sensor element of crash countermeasure systems and addresses enabling sensor technologies for realizing countermeasure concepts. Sensor types are discussed by analyzing countermeasure concepts, enabling sensor technologies, and applicability to target crashes. The characteristics and capabilities of alternative sensor technologies are described based on published literature. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641202 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786054 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Shubin, Vitaly AU - Vinogradov, Sergei AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - INTELLIGENT PHOTOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY PY - 1994 SP - p. 309-318 AB - This paper focuses on the use of a new advanced sensor technology based on the photoelectric structures with memory (PESM) in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). PESM is an integral multilayer solid-state device capable of registering, storing converting and processing of images. The authors propose the use of PESM, combining in itself the capabilities of photosensor and preprocessor devices, in intelligent observation and control systems on highways and for vehicle guidance applications. KW - In vehicle sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641225 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786042 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Paley, Michael J AU - Tepas, Donald I AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - DO SMART HIGHWAYS + INTELLIGENT VEHICLES = NEW KINDS OF HUMAN FACTORS DISPLAY PROBLEMS? PY - 1994 SP - p. 199-206 AB - This paper addresses the issue of information overload and presents a model for the development of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) controls and displays based on human factors and ergonomic methodology. The model requires the use of task analysis to match human capabilities to the demands of using new automotive systems. KW - Human factors KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641213 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786043 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - D'Agostino, Salvatore A AU - Shuldiner, Paul William AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - APPLICATION OF VIDEO/MACHINE VISION TECHNOLOGY IN TRAFFIC DATA ANALYSIS PY - 1994 SP - p. 207-214 AB - This paper describes the results of field tests of machine vision methods used to acquire and analyze traffic data. In particular, it examines the use of Hi-8mm video cameras (camcorders) and an automatic license plate reading system, based on machine vision technology, to perform travel time calculations. The paper also looks at the logistics of conducting extensive surveys, lessons applicable to survey design, and the quantity and statistical significance of the data required. A comparison is made between the application of machine vision to traffic surveys with other applications of machine vision in the transportation industry. It also presents future plans for the use of machine vision for the measurement of various traffic parameters. KW - Computer vision KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641214 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786028 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Ritter, Gary T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - IVHS, SENSING THE FUTURE OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1994 SP - p. 2-4 AB - This paper presents an overview of the need for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) in the United States. It discusses the national IVHS initiative and makes mention of different IVHS activities being pursued, with emphasis on the Automated Highway system initiative. KW - Automated highways KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641199 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786032 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Gartner, Nathan H AU - Stamatiadis, C AU - Tarnoff, Philip J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - ADVANCED TRAFFIC CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS PY - 1994 SP - p. 73-80 AB - This paper discusses traffic signal control strategies that are suitable for advanced traffic management within Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). The strategies consist of a multi-level design for the real-time, traffic-adaptive control of the urban signal network system. Each control level has different response characteristics, with the more advanced levels incorporating in a nested fashion the capabilities of the lower levels. A principal goal of the new multi-level design is to invoke a selected control strategy when it can provide the greatest benefit. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641203 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786039 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Yablonski, Anne AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - USER NEEDS, IVHS FUNCTIONAL AREAS, AND CURRENT TECHNOLOGY PY - 1994 SP - p. 172-180 AB - This paper outlines the relationship between the current set of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) user services, the national program goals, and the technologies that can help meet those goals. It provides a framework for understanding how the deployment of IVHS technologies fits into the planning process by outlining the relationship between technology providers, the IVHS product/service provider, and the private consumer. KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641210 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786046 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Smith, Christopher E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - VISUAL TRACKING STRATEGIES FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY SYSTEMS PY - 1994 SP - p. 234-245 AB - This paper presents robust techniques for intelligent vehicle highway applications using computer vision. It is shown that a Controlled Active Vision framework can be utilized to provide a visual sensing modality to a traffic advisory system in order to increase the overall safety margin in a variety of common traffic situations. Two applications, vehicle tracking and pedestrian tracking, are used to demonstrate that the framework can provide precisely the type of information required to effectively manage the given situation. KW - Computer vision KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Pedestrian detectors KW - Safety KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641217 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00786053 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Arya, Vivek AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - DESIGN OF FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR IVHS APPLICATIONS : PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1994 SP - p. 303-308 AB - This paper presents recommendations made for the design implementation, operations, and maintenance of fiber optic communication links presently being used in transportation management systems. The paper also presents problems faced during the deployment of these systems. KW - Fiber optics KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/641224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773889 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Science Applications International Corporation TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES : TRAVTEK CASE STUDY PY - 1994 SP - x, 33 p. AB - TravTek was a joint public/private sector project to develop, test, and evaluate an integrated advanced driver information system. To understand the project in its entirety, interviews were conducted with a representative sample of people knowledgeable about the TravTek project. The project's development, goals and objectives management structure, initiators and champions, and selection and involvement of sponsoring agencies are described in Section 2, along with a description of the operational field tests. Section 3 summarizes the non-technical impediments that were faced by the project. Section 4 describes in detail critical issues involved in reaching commercial deployment. Section 5 summarizes the lessons learned in the project and presents recommendations for addressing the types of issues encountered in the project. KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Route guidance KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travtek (Program) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489850 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00774066 JO - Intelligent vehicle highway systems PB - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Reinhart, Craig AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Environmental Research Institute of Michigan AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - General Motors Corporation AU - University of Adelaide AU - Alpha Industries AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Comsis Corporation AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - MATRA CAP Systemes AU - P.S.A. Peugeot-Citroen. Direction des recherches et affaires scienfitiques AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities AU - Universite de Geneve AU - Cyplex Corporation AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Fizicheskiei institut imeni P.N. Lebedeva TI - ANALOG IMAGE PROCESSING FOR IVHS APPLICATIONS PY - 1994 SP - p. 54-60 AB - In this paper, the authors briefly describe a Vehicle Lateral Position Measurement System, using image processing and designed to alert drivers of possible single vehicle roadway departures (SVRD) situations. A test of the system is also described. KW - Image processing KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Safety KW - Single vehicle crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/494118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00720049 AU - Fleming, G G AU - Rickley, E J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994 SP - 140 p. AB - During the period October 1986 through April 1994, the U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, in support of the Federal Highway Administration and 17 sponsoring State transportation agencies conducted the National Pooled-Fund Study (NPFS), HP&R 0002-136, "Evaluation of Performance of Experimental Highway Noise Barriers". The first publication supporting the NPFS, FHWA-RD-90-105, "Parallel Barrier Effectiveness: Dulles Noise Barrier Project", presented the results for parallel barriers subject to controlled traffic conditions. The second publication, FHWA-RD-92-068, "Parallel Barrier Effectiveness Under Free-Flowing Traffic Conditions", presented the results for parallel barriers located along Interstate 495 in Montgomery County, Maryland. This report is the third and final publication supporting the NPFS. In addition to presenting the results of additional analyses of previously collected data, it summarizes the findings of the multi-year study. KW - Data analysis KW - Effectiveness KW - Insertion loss KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Noise barriers KW - Parallel noise barriers KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/454438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841308 AU - FLEMING, GREGG G AU - RICKLEY, EDWARD J AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - HNM, HELIPORT NOISE MODEL: VERSION 2.2 USER'S GUIDE. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airport noise KW - Heliports KW - Information processing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841781 AU - HUNTLEY, M STEPHEN AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Battelle Memorial Institute TI - PILOT GPS/LORAN RECEIVER PROGRAMMING PERFORMANCE: A LABORATORY EVALUATION. PY - 1994 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aeronautics KW - Airplanes KW - Global Positioning System KW - Human factors KW - Loran KW - Pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01401264 AU - Schweiger, C P AU - Kihl, M AU - Labell, L N AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Advanced public transportation systems: the state of the art update '94 PY - 1993/12 IS - DOT/VNTSC/FTA-93-8 SP - 133p AB - This report documents one of the components of FTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report is an update to the previous State-of-the-Art which was published in April 1991 and a subsequent update, published in April 1992. It contains the results of a limited investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. It focuses on some of the most innovative or comprehensive implementations, categorized under three types of technologies: Smart Traveler, Smart Vehicle, and Smart Intermodal Systems. The objective of this effort was to increase the industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoption. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Advanced public transportation systems (APTS) KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Directory KW - Intelligent transport systems (ITS) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal transport KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Navigation KW - Navigation KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Research KW - Research and development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1169048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728586 AU - Whitworth, P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: THE ROLE OF OPERATIONAL TESTS IN UNDERSTANDING USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PY - 1993/12 SP - 67 p. AB - It is the purpose of this report to outline operational tests which address Advanced Technology Information Systems (ATIS) and to examine how operational tests can be used to provide information on user response to ATIS. The objectives are to: outline operational tests of ATIS in the United States; describe the user response component of each ATIS operational test; describe what information operational tests provide or will provide on user response to ATIS; outline how information from operational tests can help in understanding the stages of user response to ATIS; and identify areas that need further information or merit further research. KW - Acceptance KW - Consumer behavior KW - Governments KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Public KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - United States KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00728585 AU - Ben-Akiva, Moshe AU - Polydoropoulou, A AU - Koutsopoulos, H AU - Whitworth, P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: MODELING FRAMEWORK AND DATA REQUIREMENTS PY - 1993/12 SP - 91 p. AB - This report represents a first step of an effort to assemble systematic knowledge about Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) market demand and user response. The advancement of the state of the art of ATIS demand modeling and user behavior would entail model development and data collection efforts, which are presented. Included in this report: a modeling framework for travelers' decisions in an ATIS context; summary of the data needed to estimate the proposed modeling framework; an overall evaluation of data collection efforts to date through operational tests, travel simulators, and travel surveys; suggested enhancements which would allow the collection of the data needed to estimate and validate the proposed framework; and suggestions for further research. KW - Acceptance KW - Consumer behavior KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Governments KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - Level of service KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operational test and evaluation KW - Operations KW - Products KW - Public KW - Requirements KW - Services KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - State of the art KW - Technological innovations KW - Training simulators KW - Travel KW - Travel surveys KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670237 AU - Markos, S H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS GUIDELINES FOR PASSENGER TRAINS PY - 1993/12 SP - 215 p. AB - The document contains recommended guidelines designed to assist system operating and emergency response organization management in evaluating and modifying or supplementing their emergency response plans. The recommendations address guidelines relating to emergency plans, procedures, and training. In addition, guidelines for passenger train and facility features intended to 1) shorten emergency response time, 2) improve the effectiveness of evacuating passengers, and 3) minimize the effects of an emergency are presented. The information contained in the document is intended to assist passenger train system operators to assess, develop, document, and improve their emergency response capabilities and to coordinate these efforts with emergency response organizations in a manner that best protects the traveling public and system passenger trains and facilities. KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response KW - Emergency training KW - Guidelines KW - Passenger trains KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670241 AU - Samavedam, G AU - Kish A AU - PURPLE, A AU - Schoengart, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS AND SAFETY CONCEPTS OF CWR TRACK BUCKLING PY - 1993/12 SP - 109 p. AB - The report presents a comprehensive study of continuous welded rail (CWR) track buckling strength as influenced by the range of all key parameters such as the lateral, torsional and longitudinal resistance, vehicle loads, etc. The parametric study presented here is based on the computer program jointly developed by Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) and Foster-Miller. The computer program is based on the dynamic buckling theory developed and validated by previous research efforts of VNTSC. On the basis of test data, the practical range of each of the parameters involved has been identified and computer runs have been made over this range to yield the buckling strength variations and the sensitivity with respect to the parameters. Critical parameters and their ranges have been evaluated through this process. Several conclusions of practical interest are drawn from the study. KW - Buckling KW - Computer programs KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Dynamic loads KW - Parametric analysis KW - Railroad tracks KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00668899 AU - Bradley, K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - DIRECTORY OF TRANSPORTATION DATA SOURCES, DECEMBER 1993 PY - 1993/12 SP - 380 p. AB - This report identifies 285 transportation data sources within the Department of Transportation and other Federal Government agencies. The Directory excludes transportation information systems developed outside the Federal Government. These will be identified in future editions. The purpose of this Directory is to provide users of transportation statistics with a comprehensive inventory of transportation data sources to effect easier accessibility and availability of information. In this Directory, a data source is defined as a computerized data base developed within the Federal Government for internal and external use, as well as regularly scheduled or special hardcopy statistical reports published by the Federal Government that are not included on a computerized system. KW - Air transportation KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Databases KW - Directories KW - Documents KW - Federal government KW - Highway transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Public transit KW - Publications KW - Railroad transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667356 AU - Fleming, G G AU - D'Aprile, J R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - INM. INTEGRATED NOISE MODEL VERSION 4.11. USER'S GUIDE. SUPPLEMENT PY - 1993/12 SP - 85 p. AB - The Volpo National Transportation Systems Center, in support of the Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy, has developed Version 4.11 of the Integrated Noise Model (INM). This User's Guide is a supplement to INM, Version 3, User's Guide - Revision 1 for the Version 3.10 computer software released in June, 1992. The Version 4.11 supplement presents computer system requirements as well as installation procedures and enhancements. Specific enhancements discussed include: 1) the introduction of a takeoff profile generator; 2) the ability to account for terrain elevation around a specific airport; 3) the ability to compute the CNEL, WECPNL, LEQDAY, and LEQNIGHT noise metrics; 4) the ability to account for airplane runup operations; 5) the ability to account for displaced runway thresholds during approach operations; 6) an enhancement to the noise contour computations; 7) an increase in the number of takeoff profile segments; and 8) enhancements to the echo file. KW - Airport noise KW - Computer models KW - INM (Integrated Noise Model) KW - Noise KW - Noise contours KW - Sound level UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00664643 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - SEISMIC AWARENESS: TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. A PRIMER FOR TRANSPORTATION MANAGERS ON EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS AND MEASURES FOR REDUCING VULNERABILITY PLUS APPENDICES PY - 1993/12 SP - 226 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to alert managers and operators of transportation enterprises, in both the public and private sector, to the dangers of earthquakes to buildings and possible precautions to be taken. The nature of seismic hazards in the U.S. is described. These include the probability of occurrence of an earthquake in a given area, as well as its likely intensity. The probable effects of earthquakes on particular structures (vulnerability) are examined. Vulnerability is dependent on the nature of the structure and local geology as well as seismic severity. The history and current practice of structural design to counteract seismic phenomena are given and retrofit practice is discussed. Economic considerations are evaluated, with emphasis on the cost effectiveness of building new reinforced structures versus retrofitting existing structures. Three appendices provide technical explanations of the materials presented in the text proper. KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Earthquakes KW - Hazards KW - Retrofitting KW - Seismic hazards KW - Vulnerability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646536 AU - Peacock, R D AU - Bukowski, R W AU - Jones, W J AU - Reneke, P A AU - Babrauskas, V AU - Brown, J E AU - National Institute of Standards and Technology AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FIRE SAFETY OF PASSENGER TRAINS: A REVIEW OF U.S. AND FOREIGN APPROACHES PY - 1993/12 SP - 192 p. AB - The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), in 1989, published fire and safety guidelines which address the flammability and smoke characteristics of materials used in intercity and commuter passenger trains. Recent advances in fire test methods and hazard analysis techniques necessitate re-examination of fire safety requirements for passenger trains. Several studies have indicated almost random ability of current tests to predict actual fire behavior. Fire safety in any application, including transportation systems, requires a multi-faceted systems approach. The effects of vehicle design, material controls, detection and suppression systems, and emergency egress/access on the overall fire safety of the particular transportation system must all be considered. This report presents a detailed comparison of fire safety approaches used for passenger trains in the United States, France, and Germany. Strengths and weaknesses of current methods for measuring the fire performance of rail transportation systems are presented. An optimum systems approach to fire safety which addresses typical passenger train fire scenarios is analyzed. A major conclusion is that fire hazard and fire risk assessment methods supported by measurement methods based on heat release rate (HRR) provide a means to better predict real world fire behavior. KW - Commuting KW - Fira safety KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire hazards KW - Fires KW - Guidelines KW - Hazards KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644024 AU - Samavedam, G AU - Kish A AU - PURPLE, A AU - Schoengart, J AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS AND SAFETY CONCEPTS OF CWR BUCKLING PY - 1993/12 SP - 120 p. AB - The work reported here is part of a major investigation conducted by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) for the Federal Railroad Administration on the thermal buckling of continuous welded rail (CWR) track in the lateral plane with the objective of developing guidelines and recommendations for buckling prevention. This report presents results of the development and application of a personal computer (PC) software model for prediction of CWR track buckling strength. This model is based on the dynamic buckling theory previously validated by tests. The model accounts for all the important parameters influencing track buckling viz., rail size, curvature, lateral resistance, tie-ballast friction, fastener torsional resistance, track longitudinal stiffness, track vertical stiffness, misalignment amplitude and wavelength, and vehicle parameters. The sensitivity of the buckling temperatures with respect to each of the parameters is quantified, and critical parameters which strongly affect buckling strength are identified. A basis for buckling safety evaluation is presented. An approach using the computer program for the development of safety limits in the form of allowable rail temperatures as functions of track peak lateral resistance, misalignment amplitude and curvature, is presented. Conclusions of practical interest from the parametric study are presented. KW - Buckling KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Dynamic conditions KW - Dynamics KW - Lateral stability KW - Parametric analysis KW - Railroad tracks KW - Thermal stability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642610 AU - Schwenk, J C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - CASE STUDY OF THE DENVER REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT ECO PASS PROGRAM PY - 1993/11 SP - 766 p. AB - This report documents the Denver Regional Transportation District (RTD) Eco Pass Program and evaluates its impacts. The Eco Pass is an annual, unlimited-use photo identification pass covering transportation on all RTD transit routes. Employers in the Denver region may purchase passes as a tax-free benefit, and may deduct the cost as business expense. The program uses a group insurance concept for pricing and enrollment. A typical transit commuter may save up to $900 in monthly passes or $1,200 in cash fares annually with the Eco Pass. Eco Pass users are assured a ride home in an emergency through a guaranteed ride home program. The main goal of the Eco Pass Program is to increase transit ridership. Rts has been enrolling a growing number of employers in Eco Pass since its inception in 1991. Although it is clear that employers and employees who have obtained Eco Pass are very positive about the program, the evaluation could draw few firm conclusions about its effectiveness, because an evaluation mechanism was not implemented simultaneously with the program. Eco Pass appears to have influenced some people to shift to transit commuting, leaving their cars at home, but more information is needed to quantify the impacts and to determine which factors are critical in producing positive impacts. The report recommends that RDT establish appropriate data collection mechanisms to permit a thorough and quantitative evaluation of this innovative program. KW - Data collection KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Effectiveness KW - Employer sponsored transportation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Passes KW - Regional transportation KW - Subsidies KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669192 AU - Huntley, M S AU - Turner, J W AU - PALMER, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - FLIGHT TECHNICAL ERROR FOR CATEGORY B NON-PRECISION APPROACHES AND MISSED APPROACHES USING NON-DIFFERENTIAL GPS FOR COURSE GUIDANCE PY - 1993/11 SP - 67 p. AB - The report documents and discusses the performance of twelve General Aviation Pilots who used non-differential global positioning system (GPS) in a Beechcraft Baron to fly 93 Category B approaches defined by GPS waypoints. The research reported here was part of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) GPS Overlay Project and provided the data required by the Agency to implement Phase I of the GPS satellite Operational Plan for Category B non-precision approaches. The data collection and analysis procedures described herein were developed with and approved by the FAA's Satellite Operations Implementation Team. It should be noted, however, that additional work would be required to prepare the data for use in the development of GPS TERPS. KW - Air traffic control KW - Approach control KW - Flight paths KW - Global Positioning System KW - Landing aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669138 AU - Schwenk, J A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CASE STUDY OF THE DENVER REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT ECO PASS PROGRAM PY - 1993/11 SP - 78 p. AB - This report documents the Denver Regional Transportation District (RTD) Eco Pass Program and evaluates its impacts. The Eco Pass is an annual, unlimited-use photo identification pass covering transportation on all RTD transit routes. Employers in the Denver region may purchase passes for their employees as a tax-free benefit, and may deduct the cost as a business expense. The program uses a group insurance concept for pricing and enrollment. A typical transit commuter may save up to $900 in monthly passes or $1,200 in cash fares annually with the Eco Pass. Eco Pass users are assured a ride home in an emergency through a guaranteed ride home program. The main goal of the Eco Pass Program is to increase transit ridership. RTD has been enrolling a growing number of employers in Eco Pass since its inception in 1991. Although it is clear that employers and employees who have obtained Eco Pass are very positive about the program, the evaluation could draw few firm conclusions about its effectiveness, because an evaluation mechanism was not implemented simultaneously with the program. Eco Pass appears to have influenced some people to shift to transit commuting, leaving their cars at home, but more information is needed to quantify the impacts and to determine which factors are critical in producing positive impacts. The report recommends that RTD establish appropriate data collection mechanisms to permit a thorough and quantitative evaluation of this innovative program in the future. KW - Commuting KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Employer sponsored transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Passes KW - Program evaluation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669079 AU - Clay, M C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - KEY COGNITIVE ISSUES IN THE DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS OF INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE CHARTS PY - 1993/11 SP - 114 p. AB - Cognitive psychology is an extremely broad topic. Perception, learning, memory, language, reasoning, and thinking can all be included under the umbrella of cognitive psychology. A large and diverse body of research and literature related to cognitive psychology is available. The goal of human factors in cognitive psychology is to apply the body of knowledge available about how people process information to the design of systems to make them easier for humans to use efficiently and safely. The goal of the project is to apply this knowledge of human mental processes to the design of EIAP charts. KW - Air traffic control KW - Electronic navigation KW - Electronic navigation aids KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information processing KW - Instrument approach KW - Instrument landing systems KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643965 AU - Lyons, W AU - Brodeski, R AU - Goodman, C AU - Salvucci, F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE MINNEAPOLIS-ST.PAUL METROPOLITANS AREA PY - 1993/11 SP - 64 p. AB - This report is the sixth in a series produced for the FTA and the FHWA by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC), Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. It presents a formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Twin Cities metropolitan area that was conducted by the FHWA and FTA Headquarters and regional staffs (Appendix 1), with input from state, regional, and local transportation entities. The purpose of the review is to allow the FHWA and FTA to determine how successfully the Urban Transportation Planning Process (UTPP) addresses broadly defined regional transportation needs, and whether the planning process meets the criteria established by the Federal planning requirements. Another purpose of the review is to assess the ability of the existing planning process to address the broader responsibilities described under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the reauthorization of the surface transportation legislation, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). KW - Clean Air Act KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal planning requirements KW - Federal programs KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Public participation KW - Regional transportation KW - State action KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4200/4298/43.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00800475 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT FOR ELECTRIFICATION OF NORTHWEST CORRIDOR, NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA PY - 1993/09 SP - 295 p. AB - The impacts of extending electrification on the National Railroad Passenger Corporation's (Amtrak) Northeast Corridor (NEC) from New Haven, Connecticut to Boston, Massachusetts are of direct concern to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). To improve rail service and increase ridership between New York and Boston, Amtrak proposes the electrification of the NEC main line between New Haven and Boston. This volume considers impacts on the human and natural environment utilizing guidance as outlined in CFR Part 1500, Council on Environmental Quality, Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Requirements of NEPA as amended and the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA) regulations (301 CMR 11:30). Impacts analyzed include changes in the natural environment, social environment, impacts on historic and archaeological sites, changes in transit service and patronage, maintenance costs and financial implications. Impacts are identified both for the proposed construction period and for the long-term operation of the alternatives. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Haven (Connecticut) KW - Northeastern United States KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail transit KW - Railroad electrification UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00680367 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - U.S. BORDER CROSSINGS WITH CANADA AND MEXICO: PORT FACILITIES, INVENTORY, AND CONSTRAINTS. VOLUME 2 PY - 1993/09 SP - 67 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 calls for a study of U.S. international border crossings. The objective of the study is to identify existing and emerging trade corridors and transportation subsystems that facilitate trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The report contains appendices to the inventory of infrastructure in place and planned at East Coast, Gulf, and Great Lakes ports. KW - Canada KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - International borders KW - International compacts KW - International trade KW - Mexico KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/422074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00668898 AU - Bradley, K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS ANNUAL REPORT, 1993. HISTORICAL COMPENDIUM, 1960-1992 PY - 1993/09 SP - 272 p. AB - The "National Transportation Statistics" Annual Report is an historical compendium of selected national transportation, and transportation-related statistics from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportation modes - air, automobile, bus, truck, local transit, rail, water, and pipeline. Basic descriptors such as operating revenues/expenses, number of vehicles and employees, vehicle- and passenger-miles, and passenger and freight operations, are included. Transportation trends in performance, safety, and motor vehicle sales, production and costs are also presented. Safety information compares data for transportation accidents, fatalities, and injuries for all modes of transportation as well as multimodal transportation of hazardous materials. These data were formerly published in the RSPA/Volpe Center's "Transportation Safety Information Report". Supplementary information include data on transportation and the economy, energy consumption, energy intensiveness, energy transport, and energy supply and demand. Additionally, selected statistics from the FHWA's Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) are also illustrated. In this edition, the data cover the period 1960 through 1991/1992, and in some instances, extend back to 1955. KW - Air transportation KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Freight transportation KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Operating revenues KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance KW - Pipelines KW - Production KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Sales KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Trucking KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667275 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/REPORT. ELECTRIFICATION, NEW HAVEN, CT TO BOSTON, MA. VOLUME 2. LAND USE AND REGULATED AREAS PY - 1993/09 SP - 70 p. AB - The impacts of extending electrification on the National Railroad Passenger Corporation's (Amtrak) Northeast Corridor (NEC) from New Haven, Connecticut to Boston, Massachusetts are of direct concern to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). To improve rail service and increase ridership between New York and Boston, Amtrak proposes the electrification of the NEC main line between New Haven, CT and Boston, MA using an overhead 2 x 25,000 volt - 60 hertz power system. This volume consists of maps depicting all areas of study, including the right-of-way (ROW), all facilities sites under consideration, and other adjacent areas that may be affected by project impacts. These maps also record site specific environmental data for the technical studies including natural, manmade and cultural features. KW - Amtrak KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Improvements KW - Maps KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad rights of way KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Right of way (Land) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666513 AU - Brown, K AU - Blythe, K AU - Schwenk, J AU - West, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - OVERVIEW OF THE U.S. COAST GUARD SHORT RANGE AIDS TO NAVIGATION MISSION; FINAL REPT. MAR-AUG 93 PY - 1993/09 SP - 58 p. AB - This document provides an overview of the Coast Guard's Aids to Navigation (ATON) mission. Specific components of the mission described within include: the history of the mission; the supporting Coast Guard organizational structure; the resources employed in servicing ATON; the types of ATON is use by the Coast Guard; and the Coast Guard's preparations for the 21st Century. Aids to navigation, Buoy tenders. KW - Buoys KW - Distance KW - Lighthouses KW - Maintenance KW - Missions KW - Natural resources KW - Navigational aids KW - Range (Vehicles) KW - Short range(Distance) KW - United States Coast Guard UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34288/DOT-VNTSC-CG-93-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644014 AU - Tang, Y H AU - Gordon, J E AU - Perlman, A B AU - Orringer, O AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FINITE ELEMENT MODELS, VALIDATION, AND RESULTS FOR WHEEL TEMPERATURE AND ELASTIC THERMAL STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS PY - 1993/09 SP - 47 p. AB - The report is the third of a series on the results of an engineering study of the effects of service loads on railroad vehicle wheels. The study was initiated in September 1991, in response to a request for assessment of contributing factors and corrective actions taken regarding high rates of crack occurrence in certain multiple unit (MU) powered cars used in commuter service. The ultimate goal of the study is the evaluation of safe limits on performance demand (weight carried per wheel, maximum speed, vehicle braking rate) as a function of wheel design, material selection, and manufacture, as well as percentage of braking effort absorbed through the wheel tread in service. The models developed in the study are intended to provide the capability for similar design engineering analyses of other railroad vehicle wheels besides the types used on MU cars. KW - Analysis KW - Commuter cars KW - Crack stresses KW - Cracking KW - Design KW - Finite element method KW - Multiple unit cars KW - Stresses KW - Thermal stresses KW - Wheel thermal stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644013 AU - Tang, Y H AU - Gordon, J E AU - Orringer, O AU - Perlman, A B AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - STRESS RECONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS OF WHEEL SAW CUT TESTS AND EVALUATION OF RECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE PY - 1993/09 SP - 40 p. AB - The report is the fourth in a series of engineering studies on railroad vehicle wheel performance. The results of saw cut tests performed on one new and one used wheel designed for a fleet of multiple unit (MU) power cars are summarized and analyzed. Reconstructed residual stresses are computed in the usual manner, namely: by modeling the deformed cut wheel with finite elements and prescribing displacements to close the cut. Similar cases are computed, with thermal stresses calculated from a companion finite element model to play the role of residual stresses, in order to simulate the experiment reconstruction analysis. KW - Finite element method KW - Reconstruction KW - Saw cutting KW - Sawing KW - Structural analysis KW - Thermal stresses KW - Vehicle performance KW - Wheel performance KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644017 AU - Dietrich, F M AU - Ferro, W E AU - Jacobs, W L AU - Electric Research and Management, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: COMPARISON OF MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS OF CONVENTIONAL AND ADVANCED ELECTRIFIED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1993/08 SP - 73 p. AB - Concerns exist regarding the potential safety, environmental and health effects on the public and on transportation workers due to electrification along new or existing rail corridors, and to proposed maglev and high speed rail operations. Therefore, the characterization of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) produced by both steady (dc) and alternating currents (ac) at power frequency (50 Hz in Europe and 60 Hz in the United States) and above, in the Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) range (3-3000 Hz) is of interest. The report summarizes and compares the results of a survey of EMF characteristics (spatial, temporal and frequency bands) for representative conventional railroad and transit and advanced high-speed systems including: the German TR-07 maglev system; the Amtrak Northeast Corridor (NEC) and North Jersey Transit (NJT) trains; the Washington, DC Metrorail (WMATA) and the Boston, MA (MBTA) transit systems; and the French TGV-A high speed rail system. This comprehensive comparative EMF survey produced both detailed data and statistical summaries of EMF profiles, and their variability in time and space. EMF ELF levels for WMATA are also compared to those produced by common environmental sources at home, work, and under power lines, but have specific frequency signatures. KW - Advanced systems KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Health hazards KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Railroad electrification KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670238 AU - Goellner, D AU - Inge, T AU - Gillette, L AU - Hankin, N AU - Hostage, B AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: EMF EXPOSURE ENVIRONMENTS. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1993/08 SP - 91 p. AB - The paper presents an overview of American exposure assessments for electric and magnetic fields (EMF) in the frequency range from 0 to 3 kHz. The exposure information available is very limited for all but a few occupations and sources of EMF. Much of the exposure assessment done to date has been conducted in conjunction with epidemiological studies. Beyond the shortcomings of using some of the published epidemiology studies, there are some serious obstacles to conducting definitive extreme low frequency (ELF)-EMF exposure assessments. The lack of a clear definition of what constitutes effective dose hampers the measurement of exposure considerably. Generally, the average power frequency magnetic flux density has been assumed to be the exposure measure of significance, however other parameters of the magnetic field are likely to be relevant as well. KW - Crash exposure KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Exposure KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Low frequency KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation hazards KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666531 AU - BROWN, K A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - ANALYSIS OF USCG REPLACEMENT STERN-LOADING BUOY BOAT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AIDS TO NAVIGATION MISSION; FINAL REPT. APR 93-AUG 93 PY - 1993/08 SP - 99 p. AB - The report documents the results of the Volpe Center's analysis of the number of replacement stern-loading buoy boats (BUSLRs) required for the U.S. Coast Guard's Aids to Navigation (ATON) mission. At present, 19 Coast Guard Aids to Navigation Teams (ANTs) and one Station (Burlington, VT) are using 13 46-foot stern-loading buoy boats (BUSLs), and 12 45-foot bow-loading buoy boats (BUs). All 25 of these boats are now or will soon be in need of replacement. In 1983 there were 33 BU/BUSLs: eight of those have since been retired due to poor condition. As a result, some ANTs are maintaining buoys using 55-foot Aids to Navigation Boats (ANBs), which were designed for fixed aid maintenance and have marginal buoy working capabilities. KW - Boats KW - Buoys KW - Equipment replacement KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Government vessels KW - Maintenance KW - Navigational aids KW - Replacement KW - Service life KW - United States Coast Guard KW - United States Coast Guard ships UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34287/DOT-VNTSC-CG-93-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666432 AU - BROWN, K A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ANALYSIS OF USCG REPLACEMENT STERN-LOADING BUOY BOAT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AIDS TO NAVIGATION MISSION PY - 1993/08 SP - 121 p. AB - The Volpe Center was asked by the Coast Guard to analyze the replacement stern-loading buoy boat requirements using the ATON Service Force Mix (SFM) Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS was developed previously by the Volpe Center in support of the Coast Guard's SFM 2000 Project to help determine the required fleet size and mix of replacement coastal and seagoing tenders needed to replace the current fleet of WLMs and WLBs. In addition to the work being performed by BUs and BUSLs, the Volpe Center considered two other areas for BUSLR employment: the buoy work of Coast Guard inland tenders (WLIs) and inland construction tenders (WLICs); and the assurance of adequate secondary response capabilities for the current WLM and WLB home ports proposed for elimination by the SFM 2000 Project. KW - Buoy boats KW - Buoys KW - Equipment replacement KW - Inland waterways KW - Navigational aids KW - Replacements KW - Research KW - Ship pilotage KW - Tenders KW - United States Coast Guard UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644016 AU - Mayville, R A AU - Stringfellow, R G AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF RAIL DEFECT FRACTURE MODELS TO ASSESS REMEDIAL ACTIONS PY - 1993/08 SP - 74 p. AB - The fracture mechanics models were refined for two types of rail defects - the bolt hole crack and the vertical split head. Beam-type finite element analysis was conducted to determine the effects of joint bar looseness, rail height mismatch and train speed on the static and dynamic components of the crack driving force for the bolt hole crack. Both two- and three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to determine the Modes I and II stress intensities for a kinked vertical split head crack. The results from these analyses were reviewed to determine their implication on remedial actions. KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail cracks KW - Static structural analysis KW - Structural analysis UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34500/34549/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-93-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643932 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1993/08 SP - 75 p. AB - This formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Southern California metropolitan area, conducted by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) headquarters and field staff, with input from state, regional and local transportation entities, takes place of the 1992 planning review of the Southern California Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) which otherwise would be conducted by FHWA field and FTA regional staff. The planning activities conducted by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) were carried out in accordance with FHWA and FTA regulations, policies, and procedures in effect at the time of the review. However, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), which became law after the site review was conducted, necessitates major changes in the planning process and will require formal federal certification of the planning process. This report provides suggestions to strengthen the process in developing the next long-range transportation plan, Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), and State Implementation Plan (SIP). This review will also assist the Southern California metropolitan area to meet the evolving requirements of ISTEA, and in particular, to prepare for future formal certification. KW - City planning KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Public participation KW - Regional transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation Improvement Program KW - Transportation improvement program/tip KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4300/4302/44.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676846 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. VOLUME 1 PY - 1993/07 SP - 183 p. AB - Section 6009(b) of the Intermodal surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) requires that an integrated national surface transportation research and development plan be developed that focuses on surface transportation systems needed for urban, suburban, and rural areas in the next decade. In response to ISTEA, the Plan focuses on the surface transportation research underway or planned by six of the Department of Transportation's (DOT) operating administrations and the Office of the Secretary. These operating administrations include the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), the Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA), and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). KW - Development KW - Ground transportation KW - Integrated systems KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - National transportation policies KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676847 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. VOLUME 2. COMPENDIUM OF PROGRAM ABSTRACTS PY - 1993/07 SP - 287 p. AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) requires that an integrated national surface transportation research and development plan to be developed that focuses on surface transportation systems needed for urban, suburban, and rural areas in the next decade. This is the first plan developed in response to the requirement. Volume 2, Compendium of Program Abstracts, is devoted to summaries of surface transportation research underway or planned in fiscal years 1993-1995. Each program abstract includes highlights, ongoing projects, funding levels, schedules with milestones, personnel requirements, and listings of published reports. KW - Development KW - Evaluation KW - Ground transportation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Program evaluation KW - Research KW - Research and development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674047 AU - Cardosi, K M AU - Huntley, M S AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - HUMAN FACTORS FOR FLIGHT DECK CERTIFICATION PERSONNEL PY - 1993/07 SP - 418 p. AB - This document is a compilation of proceedings and lecture material on human performance capabilities that was presented to FAA flight deck certification personnel. A five-day series of lectures was developed to provide certification specialists with information on fundamental characteristics of the human operator that are relevant to flight deck operations. The series was designed to proceed from the presentation of basic information on human sensory capabilities, through human cognition to the application of this knowledge to the design of controls and displays in the automated cockpit. The initial lectures were prepared and presented by published academic researchers. The later ones were presented by senior human factors practitioners employed by major American airframe manufacturers. KW - Automation KW - Cockpit resource management KW - Flight decks KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information display systems KW - Perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647416 AU - Frank, K H AU - Jones, N P AU - Ellingwood, B R AU - Ross, R J AU - Pellerin, R F AU - Plecknik, J A AU - Henriquez, O AU - Teller, C M AU - DAVIS, A G AU - Hennecke, E G AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PROCEEDINGS: CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF BRIDGES, AUGUST 25-27, 1992 PY - 1993/07 SP - 252 p. AB - On August 25-27, 1992, a major forum of 80 knowledgeable individuals representing researchers, manufacturers, and users of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods and equipment for bridges was convened to exchange information and to provide guidance for studies of NDE of bridges proposed as a part of the Federal Highway Administration's High Priority Area (HPA). The conference (1) identified the current status of NDE for bridges, (2) defined goals and areas of concentration for NDE research as it applies to bridge inspection, and (3) fulfilled an immediate need to inform NDE system developers of bridge inspection needs and the NDE system users of potential technologies. KW - Bridge inspection KW - Bridges KW - Conferences KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Research KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647093 AU - Keller, A S AU - Rickley, E J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SAFETY OF HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS. STUDY OF THE ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILROAD HORN SYSTEMS PY - 1993/07 SP - 72 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, in support of the Federal Railroad Administration is conducting a research program with the goal of reducing the number of fatalities and injuries at highway-railroad grade crossings. As a part of the program, the Volpe Center's Noise Measurement and Assessment Facility is conducting a study to determine the effectiveness of railroad horn systems. The document is the first publication supporting the study. It presents the results of acoustic measurements performed in Council Bluffs, Iowa; Jacksonville, Florida; Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Omaha, Nebraska, to determine the acoustic characteristics of several types of railroad horn systems. Data obtained includes frequency spectrum, directivity, drop-off rate, maximum A-weighted sound level, and sound exposure level. KW - Acoustic variables measurement KW - Acoustics KW - At grade intersections KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Horns KW - Measurement KW - Noise KW - Noise measurement KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Sound level KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34500/34543/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-93-01.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34500/34543/DOT-VNTSC-FRA-93-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644044 AU - Brodesky, L W AU - DeCarla-Souza, P AU - Salvucci, F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE HOUSTON METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1993/07 SP - 64 p. AB - This report, the fifth in a series, presents the formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Houston metropolitan area conducted by the FHWA and FTA headquarters and regional staff, with input from state, regional and local transportation agencies. The purpose of the review was to allow the FHWA and the FTA to determine how successfully the urban transportation planning process (UTPP) addresses regional transportation needs, and whether the planning process meets the requirements of the joint planning regulations. Another purpose of this review is to assess the ability of the existing planning process to address broader concerns described in the guidelines implementing the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the re-authorization of the surface transportation legislation, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. This report is an evaluation of transportation planning in the Houston metropolitan area. It summarizes the results of the review and includes a series of suggestions. Based on requirements in effect prior to ISTEA, the MPO conducts a competently managed and organized continuing cooperative, and comprehensive (3-C) planning process, adequate planning products, and uses acceptable planning tools. KW - Clean Air Act KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Planning methods KW - Regional transportation KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/houston.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644015 AU - Orringer, O AU - Gray, D E AU - McCown, R J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE ACTION TAKEN TO DEAL WITH CRACKING PROBLEMS OBSERVED IN WHEELS OF RAIL COMMUTER CARS PY - 1993/07 SP - 105 p. AB - The report is the first in a series of engineering studies on railroad vehicle wheel performance. Preliminary studies are summarized, involving evaluation of actions taken to respond to high rates of crack occurrence observed in the wheels of certain multiple unit (MU) power cars used in commuter service. The conclusions of the studies were that the actions taken to address the observed problems were timely and appropriate. These actions were: 1) improvement of maintenance to prevent brake shoe misalignment and dispatching of cars with inoperative traction motors; 2) daily visual inspection of wheels to detect thermal cracks; and 3) immediate retrueing of thermally cracked wheels with center tread cracks longer than 1/2 inch or rim edge cracks of any size. KW - Commuter cars KW - Cracking KW - Inspection KW - Inspection effectiveness KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Multiple unit cars KW - Thermal fracture KW - Thermal stresses KW - Vehicle performance KW - Wheel performance KW - Wheel thermal stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638165 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN - VOLUME II: COMPENDIUM OF PROGRAM ABSTRACTS. A REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO THE INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1991 SECTION 6009(B), P.L. 102-240 PY - 1993/07 SP - v.p. AB - This Compendium of Program Abstracts is Volume II of the Surface Transportation Research and Development Plan, the first in a series of congressionally required annual plans submitted by the Secretary of Transportation to the Congress pursuant to Section 6009(b) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The objective of this Volume is to respond to the Congressional mandate requiring that one section of the Surface Transportation Research and Development Plan be devoted to the Department of Transportation surface transportation research underway or planned in fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 1995. In response to the ISTEA directive, this Volume supplements the Plan, and provides individual program abstracts for each project discussed in Volume I. Included in each program abstract are details of the near-term surface transportation research and development programs, including recent highlights, ongoing projects, funding levels, schedules with milestones, personnel requirements, and published reports. KW - Development KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal laws KW - Federal programs KW - Federal regulations KW - Ground transportation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Istea KW - Research KW - Research and development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638164 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Department of Transportation TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN - VOLUME I. A REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO THE INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1991 SECTION 6009(B), P.L. 102-2140 PY - 1993/07 SP - 172 p. AB - Section 6009(b) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) requires that an integrated national surface transportation research and development (R&D) plan be developed that focuses on surface transportation systems needed for urban, suburban, and rural areas in the next decade. The congressionally-mandated objectives of the Plan are to 1) develop a range of technologies needed to produce convenient, safe, and affordable modes of surface transportation to be available for public use beginning in the mid-1990's; and 2) maintain a long-term advanced R&D program in order to provide for next generation surface transportation systems. In response to ISTEA, this Plan focuses on the surface transportation research ubderway or planned by six of the Department of Transportation's (DOT) operating administrations and the Office of the Secretary. KW - Development KW - Federal laws KW - Federal regulations KW - Ground transportation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Istea KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technological development KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638175 AU - Ryan, P H AU - Boyd, M A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING A STANDEE-ON-LIFT PROGRAM FOR FIXED-ROUTE BUS SERVICE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/06/01 SP - 44 p. AB - The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) refers to individuals who use canes or walkers, or who have trouble climbing steps, as standees. The Department of Transportation regulations implementing the ADA require that transit properties allow standees-on-lifts. The strategies contained in this document are designed to help transit properties establish and improve their fixed-route bus service to standees. Four major areas of transit administration are addressed in this report: the role of management in establishing policy for standees; the role of operations in implementing a program for standees-on-lifts; the various training programs and personnel policies that can enhance service to standees; and various outreach programs that can increase standee ridership and enhance standee-system relations. The ADA requirements for wheelchair lifts and their use by standees are summarized in the Appendix. This report was developed from inputs received from six transit systems: Seattle Metro, Portland Tri-Net, Washington Metro (WMATA), New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), San Francisco MUNI, and NJ TRANSIT. It presents these systems' common elements for employing a standee-on-lift program and discusses how other systems might use their ideas. KW - Accessibility KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Disabled people KW - Fixed routes KW - Fta section 6 KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Operations management KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Program implementation KW - Standee-on-lift KW - Training programs KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56566/strategiesforim0602patr_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380227 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00822942 AU - Ryan, P H AU - Boyd, M A AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING A STANDEE-ON-LIFT PROGRAM FOR FIXED-ROUTE BUS SERVICE PY - 1993/06 SP - 44 p. AB - The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) refers to individuals who use canes or walkers, or who have trouble climbing steps, as standees.The Department of Transportation regulations implementing the ADA require that transit properties allow standees-on-lifts. The strategies contained in this document are designed to help transit properties establish and improve their fixed-route bus service to standees. The major areas of transit administration are addressed in this report: the role of management in establishing policy for standees; the role of operations in implementing a program for standees-on-lifts; the various training programs and personnel policies that can enhance service to standees; and various outreach programs that can increase standee ridership and enhance standee system relations. The ADA requirements for wheelchair lifts and their use by standees are summarized in the appendix. KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Bus routes KW - Fixed routes KW - Legislation KW - Lifting equipment KW - Public transit KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Specialists KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00640059 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Knapton, D A AU - Rudich, R A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - NEW YORK METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY SAFETY INVESTIGATION PY - 1993/06 SP - 130 p. AB - The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) conducted an intensive investigation of passenger and employee safety on the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and its operating elements. The investigation stressed the system safety concept and top-down analysis. The investigation reviewed past safety assessments conducted by state and federal agencies to ensure that all previous deficiencies have been corrected. This review was followed by an in-depth, on-site examination of each operating element. The specific related findings for each operating element were summarized in the form of a series of general conditions of concern and are presented in this report. FTA will require the MTA to develop corrective action plans to address the conditions of concern and will monitor MTA's progress in effecting the corrections. KW - Correction (Mathematics) KW - Employee safety KW - Employees KW - Fta section 22 KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Occupational safety KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Safety KW - Safety program effectiveness KW - Safety programs KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35000/35041/DOT-VNTSC-FTA-93-04.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56488/newyorkmetropoli00usdo_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643990 AU - Jacobs, W L AU - Dietrich, F M AU - Electric Research and Management, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD TESTING OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY METRORAIL SYSTEM. VOLUME 2. APPENDICES PY - 1993/06 SP - 548 p. AB - The 51 appendices contain a detailed reporting of the magnetic field characteristics measured onboard the WMATA Metrorail and near associated facilities. The data have been consolidated and presented as efficiently as possible without resorting to summary measures which obscure the temporal or frequency characteristics of the magnetic fields. It contains detailed EMF data files arranged by location, time, and frequency range, as well as statistics. KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Magnetic detectors KW - Magnetic measurements KW - Measurement KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit systems KW - Statistics KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Waveform analysis KW - Waveforms UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643992 AU - Jacobs, W L AU - Robertson, D C AU - Steiner, G A AU - Electric Research and Management, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD TESTING OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY (MBTA) URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEM. VOLUME 2. APPENDICES PY - 1993/06 SP - 602 p. AB - The safety of magnetically levitated (maglev) and high speed rail (HSR) trains proposed for application in the United States is the responsibility of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). Plans for near future US applications include maglev projects (e.g, in Orlando, FL and Pittsburgh, PA) and high speed rail (the French Train a Grande Vitesse (TGV) in the Texas Triangle). The report provides the Analysis (Vol. 1) of results, and detailed data and statistical summaries (Vol. 2, Appendices) of representative EMF profiles on vehicles and facilities typical of electrotechnologies used in the transit system (3rd rail dc, catenary with pantograph, trolley bus). Each electrotechnology has specific EMF frequency signatures. EMF data represent a range of system operating conditions and locations (in vehicles, stations and waysides), as well as traffic control and electric supply facilities. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit systems KW - Safety engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666284 AU - Knipling, R R AU - Mironer, M AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Tijerina, L AU - Everson, J AU - Allen, J C AU - Wilson, C AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ASSESSMENT OF IVHS COUNTERMEASURES FOR COLLISION AVOIDANCE: REAR-END CRASHES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/05 SP - 104 p. AB - This report describes an analysis of the application of Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) technology to the reduction of rear-end crashes. The principal countermeasure concept examined is a headway detection (HD) system that would detect stopped or slower-moving vehicles in a vehicle's travel path. The report is organized to correspond to the major steps of the project methodology: (1) Quantify baseline target crash problem size and describe target crash characteristics; (2) Describe, analyze, and model target crash scenarios to permit understanding of principal crash causes, time and motion sequences, and potential interventions; (3) Assess countermeasure technology and mechanisms of action to identify candidate solutions; (4) Assess relevant human factors and other (e.g., environmental, vehicle) factors affecting crash scenario and potential countermeasure effectiveness; (5) Model countermeasure action to predict effectiveness and identify critical countermeasure functional requirements; and (6) Identify specific priority technological, human factors, and other R&D issues to be resolved. Case reconstructions and modeling indicate that most rear-end crashes are due to driver inattention, and that this inattention can in theory be addressed successfully by the HD countermeasure concept and available radar technologies. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Development KW - Distraction KW - Driver errors KW - Effectiveness KW - Headway detection systems KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Radar KW - Rear end crashes KW - Research KW - Research and development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646988 AU - Reich, S AU - Bessoir, T AU - Dyer (Thomas K), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY OF VITAL CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION, ANALYSIS OF RAILROAD SIGNALING SYSTEM: MICROPROCESSOR INTERLOCKING PY - 1993/05 SP - 56 p. AB - This study has been conducted with the goal of gaining an insight into the issues of maintaining vital signal systems implemented with microprocessor chips and of making field changes to the application of such systems. To relate these abstract topics to concrete issues, two actual commercial systems were investigated, namely the General Railway Signal Company VPI Vital Processor Interlocking and the GRS GENRAKODE microprocessor-based coded track circuit system. One of the purposes of this study is to determine what actions should be taken by railroads to maintain signal-system safety when microprocessor-based signal systems receive maintenance to correct a failure and when such signal systems are modified after installation because of application changes such as a revision to the track plan or the signal aspects. A second purpose of this study is to determine whether revisions are required to the Rules, Standards and Instructions Governing the Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Repair of Signal and Train Control Systems, Devices, and Appliances (RS&I) due to the introduction of microprocessor-based systems and to suggest such revisions if they are indicated. These revisions, if any, would be based on the recommendations for maintenance and field-change procedures identified in the first part of this study. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Central processing units KW - Central processing units (Computers) KW - Communication systems KW - Control systems KW - Ground transportation KW - Guided vehicles KW - Integrated circuits KW - Integrated systems KW - Interlocking KW - Microprocessor applications KW - Microprocessors KW - Railroad signaling KW - Railroad signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00638129 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - COMMUTER-INTERCITY RAIL IMPROVEMENT STUDY (BOSTON-NEW YORK) PY - 1993/05 SP - 226 p. AB - This study was carried out under the direction of a departmental task force. The 226 page report identifies and characterizes the costs and benefits of improvements that could be achieved in commuter and intercity rail passenger service on the Boston-New York segment of the Northeast Corridor (the 456 mile system of railroad passenger service infrastructure extending from Boston to Washington, DC, with New York City at its midpoint). The study clarifies the nature, costs and benefits of major investments in the rail infrastructure, and brings together the results of studies, analyses and estimates by the participating public agencies, operating railroads and others, as well as the assessments by the study team. Major infrastructure rehabilitation and improvement projects are identified and organized into five overall projects. The report discusses the potential savings in intercity trip times for operating equipment, commuter trip time impacts and ridership gains. It estimates the results of the improvement programs to be significant in terms of reduced trip times - as low as 2-1/2 hours. This report offers to provide a basis for developing the necessary consensus (among owners, operators and all levels of government) for policy formulation and decision making. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Capital investments KW - Commuter service KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Forecasting KW - Fta section 6 KW - Improvements KW - Intercity passenger services KW - Level of service KW - Passenger service KW - Quality of service KW - Rail transit KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic estimation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01495193 AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration TI - FRA/Volpe Center Task Force: Observation of Operations at TVE Transrapid Test Facility, October 15 to December 17, 1992 PY - 1993/04 SP - 145p AB - Maglev technology is currently being considered for several passenger ground transportation corridors in the United States. A franchise has been awarded by the Florida High Speed Rail Commission to Maglev Transit, Inc. (MTI), to build a demonstration project in Florida. A maglev system, linking a station at the Orlando International Airport with a station approximately three miles east of Disney World on International Drive, will be constructed for operation of a 22.5 km route at speeds up to 400 km/h. Currently in the planning states is maglev service between downtown Pittsburgh, PA and the Pittsburgh Airport. Other routes are also being considered. Under the provisions of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 1988, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is responsible for ensuring the safety of any maglev systems implemented in the United States. This report describes the operations witnessed and the relevant information obtained by nine members of the FRA/Volpe Center High Speed Guided Ground Transportation Safety Task Force during 9 weeks of observation of maglev development certification testing at the TVE Transrapic Test Facility at Emsland, Germany. KW - Florida KW - High speed rail KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) KW - Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 KW - Railroad safety KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/48000/48100/48141/DOT-VNTSC-RR393-PM-93-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1263005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173153 AU - Adams, R J AU - Adams, C A AU - Huntley, M S AU - Eldregde, D AU - Advancement Aviation Concepts, Incorporated AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Determination of LORAN-C/GPS Human Factors Issues PY - 1993/04//Final Report SP - 35p AB - Discussions were held with a variety of private, Coast Guard, and off shore airplane and helicopter pilots who use Loran-C for navigation. These discussions revealed a number of problems concerning the design and use of' the controls and displays of Loran-C receivers. The results are also relevant to CPS receivers that have many operational characteristics in common with Loran. KW - Air pilots KW - Airline pilots KW - Global Positioning System KW - Helicopter pilots KW - Human factors KW - Instrument displays KW - Loran C KW - Navigation systems KW - User surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33700/33789/33789.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933271 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00630280 AU - Harison, J AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY OF HSGGT SYSTEMS: COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND ACCIDENT SURVIVABILITY. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 2: COLLISION AVOIDANCE PY - 1993/03 SP - 138 p. AB - This is the second of 4 volumes concerned with developing safety guidelines and specifications for high speed guided ground transportation (HSGGT) collision avoidance and accident survivability. The study formulates collision scenarios to which an HSGGT system may be exposed. Existing U.S. and foreign rules, regulations, standards and practices concerned with either preventing the occurrence of a collision, or mitigating the consequences of a collision are reviewed, together with pertinent practices from other forms of transportation, leading to the formulation of guidelines and specifications for collision avoidance and accident survivability. This volume addressing collision avoidance, describes the features of signal and train control systems used in existing high speed rail, conventional rail and mass transit systems, and other measures to prevent collisions such as prevention of right-of-way intrusions. A description is provided of the interaction between collision avoidance system characteristics and capabilities, and HSGGT system capacity and reliability. Finally, guidelines are developed for collision avoidance systems to be applied to HSGGT systems in the United States. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic train control KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Guided vehicles KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Specifications UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22300/22367/ord9302_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669131 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1993/03 SP - 62 p. AB - This report is the second in a series produced for the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) by the Volpe Center. The purpose of the review was to allow the FHWA and the FTA determine how successfully the Urban Transportation Planning Process (UTPP) addresses broadly defined regional transportation needs, and whether the planning process meets the requirements of the joint planning regulations. The review focused on the transportation and air quality planning activities of the Chicago Area Transportation Study, Illinois DOT, and the Regional Transportation Authority and its three divisions. This report contains the observations, findings, and suggestions on each segment of the planning process. KW - Air quality management KW - Chicago Area Transportation Study KW - Planning methods KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9900/9917/42.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646989 AU - Harrison, J AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND ACCIDENT SURVIVABILITY. VOLUME 2: COLLISION AVOIDANCE PY - 1993/03 SP - 138 p. AB - This report is the second of four volumes concerned with developing safety guidelines and specifications for high-speed guided ground transportation (HSGGT) collision avoidance and accident survivability. The overall approach taken in this study is to first formulate collision scenarios to which an HSGGT system may be exposed. Then existing U.S. and foreign rules, regulations, standards and practices concerned with either preventing the occurrence of a collision, or mitigating the consequences of a collision are reviewed, together with pertinent practices from other forms of transportation, leading to the formulation of guidelines and specifications for collision avoidance and accident survivability. The volume, addressing collision avoidance, describes the features of signal and train control systems used in existing high speed rail, conventional rail and mass transit systems, and other measures to prevent collisions such as prevention of right-of-way intrusions. A description is provided of the interaction between collision avoidance system characteristics and capabilities, and HSGGT system capacity and reliability. Finally, guidelines are developed for collision avoidance systems to be applied to HSGGT systems in the United States. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Railroad signaling KW - Railroad signals KW - Survival KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22300/22367/ord9302_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00643931 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REVIEW OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS IN THE PITTSBURGH METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1993/03 SP - 43 p. AB - This formal, comprehensive review of the planning process in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, conducted by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) headquarters and regional staff, with input from state, regional and local transportation entities, takes place of the 1992 planning review of the Pittsburgh metropolitan planning organization (MPO). This report evaluates transportation planning in the Pittsburgh region and summarizes the results of the review in a series of findings and suggestions on planning practices. KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Regional transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4200/4296/46.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00630279 AU - Galganski, R A AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND ACCIDENT SURVIVABILITY. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 3: ACCIDENT SURVIVABILITY PY - 1993/03 SP - 152 p. AB - This is the 3rd of 4 volumes concerned with developing safety guidelines and specifications for high-speed guided ground transportation (HSGGT) collision avoidance and accident survivability. The overall approach taken in this study is to first formulate collision scenarios to which an HSGGT system may be exposed. Then existing U.S. and foreign rules, regulations, standards and practices concerned with either preventing the occurrence of a collision, or mitigating the consequences of a collision are reviewed, together with pertinent practices from other forms of transportation, leading to the formulation of guidelines and specfications for collision avoidance and accident survivability. This volume provides a detailed discussion of survivability of HSGGT vehicles and trains. An opening chapter describes the basic mechanics of collsion between vehicles, including the two primary causes of vehicle occupant casualties, loss of occupant space through crushing and penetration and impacts between occupants and vehicle interiors. Further chapters describe measures of human tolerance of impacts and injury criteria, methods of assessing transportation vehicle collision performance and crashworthiness regulations and practices applicable to transportation vehicles of all types. The volume concludes with recommendations and guidelines for crashworthiness design and evaluation of HSGGT vehicles and trains to be operated in the United States. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashworthiness KW - Evaluation KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Human factors KW - Injuries KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regulations KW - Survival KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle occupants UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2364 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22300/22382/ord9302_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369597 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00630278 AU - Bing, A J AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND ACCIDENT SURVIVABILITY. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME 4: PROPOSED SPECIFICATION PY - 1993/03 SP - 64 p. AB - This is the 4th of 4 volumes concerned with developing safety guidelines and specifications for high speed guided ground transportation (HSGGT) collision avoidance and accident survivability. The overall approach taken in this study is to first formulate collision scenarios to which an HSGGT system may be exposed. Then existing U.S. and foreign rules, regulations, standards and practices concerned with either preventing the occurrence of a collision, or mitigating the consequences of a collision are reviewed, together with pertinent practices from other forms of transportation, leading to the formulation of guidelines and specifications for collision avoidance and accident survivability. This volume provides detailed specification for HSGGT system collision avoidance and accident survivability. The specification is structured in 3 levels. The first level specifies an overall system safety performance rquirement in terms of accident and casualty rates that must not be exceeded. The second level provides separate minimum requirements for collision avoidance and accident survivability in terms of severities of consequences or frequencies of occurrence that must not be exceeded. The third level provides minimum requirements for safety critical subsystems such as vehicle brakes and signal and train control systems. Supporting sections of the report describe the considerations leading to the development of the specification, and methods of performing risk analyses called for in the specification. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic train control KW - Collisionavoidance KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash severity KW - Guided vehicles KW - Hazards KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Performance KW - Railroad transportation KW - Risk assessment KW - Specifications KW - Survival UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2365 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00629578 AU - Bing, A J AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND ACCIDENT SURVIVABILITY. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME: 1 COLLISION THREAT PY - 1993/03 SP - 150 p. AB - This is the first of 4 volumes concerned with developing safety guidelines and specifications for high-speed guided ground transportation (HSGGT) collision avoidance and accident survivability. Collision scenarios are first formulated to which an HSGGT system may be exposed. U.S. and foreign rules, regulations, standards and practices concerned with either preventing the occurrence of a collision, or mitigating the consequence of a collision are reviewed, together with pertinent practices from other forms of transportation, leading to the formulation of guidelines and specifications for collision avoidance and accident survivability. This volume provides a discussion of collision scenarios to which an HSGGT system may be exposed, a description of regulations, standards and practices used by foreign railroad HSGGT systems to protect against the incidence of and consequences of collisions and other accidents and guidelines for collision avoidance and accident survivability. The guidelines include a discussion of system safety concepts as applied to HSGGT systems, the development of quantitative safety performance criteria, and a review of collision avoidance and accident survivability which may be used to protect against the colliison scenarios. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Guided vehicles KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Prevention KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Survival UR - http://www.fra.dot.gov/Elib/Document/2363 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22300/22364/ord9302_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/369547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634242 AU - Rudich, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1991 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1993/02 SP - 28 p. AB - The Safety Management Information Statistics 1991 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit accident and casualty statistics reported by transit systems in the United States during 1991, under FTA's Section 15 reporting system. KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Fta section 15 KW - Injuries KW - Safety KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00907036 AU - Stearman, Brian J AU - Booz Allen Hamilton AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - INSTITUTIONAL IMPEDIMENTS TO METRO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT COORDINATION: TASK 5.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Traffic engineering KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16600/16651/PB2000104458.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/618663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00776293 AU - Whitworth, Paul AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES : THE ROLE OF OPERATIONAL TESTS IN UNDERSTANDING USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PY - 1993 SP - iv, 28, 39 p. AB - This report investigates all federally sponsored Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) operational tests which have been undertaken or which have been planned in the U.S. It summarizes the following ATIS operational tests: SmarTraveler, DIRECT, ADVANCE FAST-TRAC, Pathfinder, TravTek, Houston Smart Commuter, Genesis, and SMART Corridor. After giving an overview of the ATIS tests, the report outlines how data from these tests can provide information on user response to ATIS. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Consumer behavior KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00775230 AU - Koutsopoulos, Haris AU - Polydoropoulou, Amalia AU - Ben-Akiva, Moshe AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES : THE USE OF TRAVEL SIMULATORS TO INVESTIGATE THE RESPONSE TO TRAFFIC INFORMATION PY - 1993 SP - iv, 90 p. AB - This report presents a review of existing travel simulators and ongoing data collection and modeling efforts using these simulators. It begins with general background information on simulators highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using simulators to investigate travelers' behavior, and establishes the basis of evaluation of existing travel simulators. The next section reviews the most recent literature on travel simulators and discusses major findings on data collected by the simulators and associated model development. This is followed by a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the developed simulators and ans assessment of travel simulators. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Driving simulators KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00776281 AU - Ben-Akiva, Moshe AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND USER RESPONSE TO ATIS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES : MODELING FRAMEWORK AND DATA REQUIREMENTS PY - 1993 SP - iv, 91 p. AB - This report presents a comprehensive modeling framework for user responses to Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) services and identifies the data needs for the validation of such a framework. The authors present overviews of the framework being proposed to model the various stages in user response to ATIS, the data needs associated with implementing the framework, and the state-of-the-art in modeling such response. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Consumer behavior KW - Marketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840760 AU - JABLONSKI, D A AU - National Technical Information Service AU - INSTRON CORPORATION UNDER CONTRACT TO VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER UNDER FUNDING NOS. TI - DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATING CURRENT POTENTIAL DROP (ACPD) PROCEDURES FOR CRACK DETECTION IN ALUMINUM AIRCRAFT PANELS. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airframes KW - Airplanes KW - Fatigue KW - Maintenance KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00842120 AU - BROWN, KIP AU - National Technical Information Service AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - OVERVIEW OF THE U.S. COAST GUARD SHORT RANGE AIDS TO NAVIGATION MISSION. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Aids to navigation KW - Beacons KW - Buoys KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/533055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00841437 AU - ATLURI, SATYA N AU - National Technical Information Service AU - KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS INC. AND AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES UNDER CONTRACT TO VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER UNDER CONTRACT NO. TI - COMPOSITE REPAIRS OF CRACKED METALLIC AIRFRAME STRUCTURES. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airframes KW - Airplanes KW - Fatigue KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840761 AU - Broek, David AU - National Technical Information Service AU - FRACTURERESEARCH, INC. UNDER CONTRACT TO VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER UNDER FUNDING NOS. TI - ANALYSIS CONCERNING THE INSPECTION THRESHOLD FOR MULTI-SITE DAMAGE. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airplanes KW - Airworthiness KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Maintenance KW - Riveted joints KW - Rivets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840759 AU - Rice, R AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EFFECTS OF REPAIR ON STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airframes KW - Airplanes KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00840920 AU - Mayville, R AU - SIGELMANN, M AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Arthur D. Little, Inc AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - A LABORATORY STUDY OF MULTIPLE SITE DAMAGE IN FUSELAGE LAP SPLICES. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Airframes KW - Airplanes KW - Fatigue KW - Maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/532621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639240 AU - Spiller, D AU - Multer, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF DETECTABLE WARNING DEVICES FOR SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE OR EQUIVALENT FACILITATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1992/12/30 SP - 76 p. AB - This report evaluates the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) specifications for detectable warnings and the applicability of equivalent facilitation to the development of detectable warning devices. Ambiguities in the specification are identified and solutions are recommended to address these problems. This report should be useful to transit agencies unable to comply with the ADA detectable warning specifications. The guidelines provide an alternative mechanism by which accessibility requirements may be met. Equivalent Facilitation permits the use of alternative designs provided they give equal or better access. The implications of departures from the specification are discussed and several tests are suggested for determining whether an alternative design meets the equivalent facilitation criterion. KW - Accessibility KW - ADA Accessibility Guidelines KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Barrier free design KW - Compliance KW - Detectable warning surfaces KW - Disabled people KW - Equivalent facilitation KW - Fta section 6 KW - Human factors KW - Performance based specifications KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Specifications KW - Tactile perception KW - Visually impaired persons UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33425/33425.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721331 AU - FLORES, A L AU - Spicer, A AU - FRANK, J F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LABORATORY TESTING OF A SALIVA-ALCOHOL TEST DEVICE BY ENZYMATICS, INC. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1992/12 SP - 11 p. AB - This study examined the accuracy of a new saliva-alcohol test device (Enzymatics, Inc. "Q.E.D.-A150") at nine different blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) under three temperature conditions. However, it did not assess the saliva collection procedures. The findings indicate that this device appears to provide a useful means for estimating BACs from saliva samples for screening purposes. Furthermore, laboratory performance on these tests consistently underestimated the target BACs at all alcohol concentrations and all temperatures tested. From a police enforcement perspective, these underestimates would minimize the likelihood of false-positive readings. In other words, these results suggest that it is less likely that police would identify someone as having a BAC above a given threshold when the person being tested is, in fact, not above that level. However, it should be remembered that this limited laboratory evaluation does not address any issues related to collection of saliva samples or police field use of the device, such as how much saliva is sufficient for a test, possible health and safety concerns for a suspect or an officer, liability concerns for an agency using the device and police training requirements. Such issues must be considered prior to reaching a conclusion regarding the practical utility and application of the device. KW - Accuracy KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Laboratory tests KW - Oral fluid tests (Alcohol/Drugs) KW - Research KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628131 AU - Spiller, D AU - Multer, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ASSESSMENT OF DETECTABLE WARNING DEVICES FOR SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE OR EQUIVALENT FACILITATION PY - 1992/12 SP - 76 p. AB - This report evaluates the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) specification for detectable warnings and the applicability of equivalent facilitation to the development of detectable warning devices. Abiguities in the specification are identified and solutions are recommended to address these problems. Detectable warnings are intended to aid the visually impaired to detect the presence of hazards on a circulation path. Transit authorities and manufacturers developing detectable warnings for use at rail platforms have requested assistance in interpreting the specification. Lack of precision in the specification language allows different interpretations, resulting in products that vary widely in their designs. The evolution of the detectable warning specification and the human performance considerations that led to changes in the specification are discussed. Recommendations are given for clarifying the language and eliminating the ambiguity in the specification. For transportation authorities unable to comply with the ADA detectable warning specification, the guidelines provide an alternative mechanism by which accessibility requirements may be met. Equivalent Facilitation permits the use of alternative designs provided they give equal or better access. The implications of departures from the specification are discussed and several tests are suggested for determining whether an alternative design meets the equivalent facilitation criterion. KW - Accessibility KW - ADA Accessibility Guidelines KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Detectable warning surfaces KW - Equivalent facilitation KW - Evaluation KW - Fta section 6 KW - Guidelines KW - Human performance test KW - Platforms KW - Tactile perception KW - Visually impaired persons KW - Warning devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00642616 AU - Cardosi, K M AU - Buerki-Cohen, J AU - Boole, P W AU - Hourihan, J AU - Mengert, P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CONTROLLER RESPONSE TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION ADVISORY PY - 1992/12 SP - 29 p. AB - Conflict Resolution Advisory (CRA) is an automated software aid for air traffic control specialists at air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). CRA calculates, validates, and displays to the en route controller a single resolution for predicted separation violations detected by the conflict alert (CA) function. This simulation study was conducted to determine controller-response time to a CRA message. This response time is the total time required for controllers to notice that the advisory is present, to read and comprehend the text message, and to decide that the resolution is acceptable. The mean time required to decide that the resolution was acceptable was 18 seconds. This result is compared to the response time of 13 seconds observed with the CRA prototype and the implications of these results for estimating the delay between CRA onset and pilot response are discussed. Controllers' opinions regarding the CRA function are also reported. KW - Advisory KW - Air traffic control KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Controllers KW - Emergency response time KW - Reaction time KW - Resolution KW - Simulation KW - Software UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34298/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-92-14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/381513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00826775 AU - Philips, Charles O AU - Burnham, David AU - Jacobs, Leo AU - Hazen, David AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - 1991 LLWAS ANEMOMETER TEST PROGRAM. PY - 1992/09 SP - 112 p AB - Performance tests of anemometers under icing and snow conditions were conducted during 1990-1991 on the test field at Rochester, MN, and in icing chambers and wind tunnels at Sterling, VA. These tests were done for the FAA LLWAS program which tested the sensors for the next phase of LLWAS. All units that passed the icing chamber test were in the field test. A propeller/vane sensor that failed the icing chamber test was put in the field as a reference. All the units that passed were not affected by the icing chamber although a mechanical unit was affected by snow during one event. Wind tunnel tests were done to check starting thresholds and calibration anomalies found in the field. It was concluded that there is no one "winning" technology that could be found from the tests. KW - Aeronautics KW - Anemometers KW - Meteorology KW - Microbursts KW - Vertical wind shear KW - Wind shear UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34295/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-92-06.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/516439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941432 AU - Coltman, M AU - Hazel, M E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - CHLORINE TANK CAR PUNCTURE RESISTANCE EVALUATION PY - 1992/07 SP - 92 p. AB - Experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate the relative puncture resistance of DOT 105A500W (chlorine) tank cars and DOT 112J340W (propane) tank cars equipped with 1/2-inch steel head shields. These studies included a series of full- and 1/5-scale tests conducted by the Association of American Railroads at the Transportation Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado. The final phase of testing included the use of actual tank cars. During the tests a number of parameters, such as head and jacket thickness, impact location, and internal pressure were varied to determine their effect on the puncture resistance of the chlorine car. Federal regulations require a demonstrated puncture resistance or head shield protection for high volume tank cars carrying flammable liquids and gases. The test to demonstrate puncture resistance is specified in Title 49, Part 179, section 179.105-5 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The tests conducted in this study were intended to demonstrate the puncture resistance of both chlorine and liquefied propane tank cars relative to this specification requirement. The tests showed that the DOT 105A500W (chlorine) car tested had a puncture resistance near the 18 mph threshold required by 49 CFR 179.105-5 for tank cars in LPG (propane) and other specifically identified flammable gas lading. The DOT 112J340W tank car tested with the 1/2-inch head shield had a puncture threshold well above the 18 mph limit. The tests also showed that the puncture resistance is most strongly influenced by impact location and by jacket thickness. KW - Chlorine KW - Head shields KW - Impact location KW - Internal pressure KW - Jacketing (Strengthening) KW - Liquefied gases KW - Propane KW - Puncture resistance KW - Specifications KW - Tank cars KW - Testing KW - United States Code UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628033 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - BAKER, J AU - Moussa, N A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - FIRE SAFETY COUNTERMEASURES FOR URBAN RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1992/07 SP - 76 p. AB - The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) has analyzed transit system fire statistics to learn how often fire and smoke incidents occur on rail transit systems. While the threat of fire accounts for only a small percentage of all rail incidents, the potential exists for loss of life and significant damage to property. This report identifies those countermeasures necessary to prevent and reduce the severity of transit fires. To identify the necessary countermeasures, the system safety approach was used. This method used (1) fault trees that graphically represented in a sequence of events how a fire develops, (2) an expert in transit safety who examined each sequence of events, and (3) another expert who examined the countermeasures for reducing and preventing transit fires. The system safety approach allowed the VNTSC to examine the relationships between the various physical components and operating procedures of the entire transit system. In addition, potential problems relating to the construction and operating stages of the transit system could be identified. This report identifies five major areas of countermeasures: vehicle/equipment, procedures, human factors/training, environment, and information management/data analysis. KW - Countermeasures KW - Environment KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fault tree analysis KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Fta section 6 KW - Human factors KW - Incident detection KW - Information management KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Sequential analysis KW - Smoke KW - System safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666617 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - AIDS TO NAVIGATION SERVICE FORCE MIX 2000 PROJECT PY - 1992/07 SP - 469p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666616 AU - Brown, K AU - Schwenk, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - AIDS TO NAVIGATION SERVICE FORCE MIX 2000 PROJECT: OVERVIEW. PART 1; FINAL REPT. MAY-JUL 92 PY - 1992/07 SP - 30 p. AB - The Aids to Navigation (ATON) Service Force Mix (SFM) 2000 Project is documented in a Project Overview and three separately bound volumes. This is the Project Overview. The Project Overview describes the purpose, approach, analysis, and results of the ATON SFM 2000 Project conducted by the USCG's Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services, Short Range Aids to Navigation Division. Volume I, Development and Application of an Aids to Navigation Service Force Mix Decision Support System -- Final Report, documents the Volpe Center's analysis and development of the proposed replacement buoy tender fleet. The document describes current ATON operations, the concept, development, and operation of the Decision Support System (DSS), the data utilized by the DSS, validation of the DSS, and the proposed service force mix. Volume II, Development and Application of an Aids to Navigation Service Force Mix Decision Support System -- Aid Assignments and Vessel Summary Reports, contains the DSS outputs associated with the findings of Volume I. Included are maps of the aid assignments for each vessel in both the current and proposed fleets and the associated one-page DSS summary printouts. Volume III, Analysis of Multi-Mission Requirements and Development of Planning Factors for the Replacement Buoy Tender Fleet, documents the USCG's analysis and development of baseline multi-mission requirements of the replacement buoy tender fleet. The document describes buoy tender employment categories, historical tender employment data, the determination of underway hours per underway day, and projected impacts on multi-mission requirements resulting from alternative replacement fleet scenarios. KW - Data systems KW - Fleet management KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Navigational aids KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Systems engineering KW - Tenders KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34284/DOT-VNTSC-CG-92-02-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628063 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION THROUGH RAILROAD RESEARCH: 1988-1991 PY - 1992/07 SP - 88 p. AB - The Office of Research and Development (R&D) of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducts research, development, test, and evaluation projects to directly support the FRA's safety responsibility and to enhance the railroad system as a significant national transportation resource. This report summarizes the FRA's R&D activities conducted from 1988 through 1991. A report published in January 1988 covered the preceding 7 years. This report consists of an introduction, four major sections, and three appendices. Each section describes the R&D activities of one of the FRA's four functional research programs: (1) the Track, Structures, and Train Control Program, including related areas of bridges, switches, signals, and controls; (2) the Equipment Operations and Hazardous Materials Research Program; (3) the High Speed Guided Ground Transportation Safety Program; and (4) the National Maglev Initiative Program. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Buckling KW - Development KW - Equipment KW - Guided vehicles KW - Hazardous materials KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed rail KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Operating strategies KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322397 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Proceedings of the Aircraft Wake Vortices Conference, Volume II, Papers 30-55 PY - 1992/06//Final Report SP - 588p AB - This volume contains the proceedings of the international conference of Aircraft Wake Vortices held at the Quality Hotel Capitol Hill, Washington. DC, on October 29-31, 1991. The contributed papers discuss technological advances in the knowledge of the phenomenon, its effect on aircraft and airport capacity, detection techniques, and vortex avoidance schemes. KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Aircraft operations KW - Aircraft separation KW - Airport capacity KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Technological innovations KW - Vortices KW - Wakes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34297/DOT-VNTSC-FAA-92-07-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1082804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628085 AU - Harrington, P AU - Bradley, K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS ANNUAL REPORT, 1992 PY - 1992/06 SP - 221 p. AB - The "National Transportation Statistics" (NTS) Annual Report is a compendium of selected national transportation, and transportation-related energy data from a wide variety of government and private sources. The data illustrate transportation activity for the major transportation modes - air, automobile, bus, truck, local transit, rail, water, and pipeline. Basic descriptors such as operating revenues and expenses, number of vehicles and employees, vehicle- and passenger-miles, and passenger and freight operations, are included. Transportation trends in performance, safety, and motor vehicle sales, production, and costs are also presented. Transportation trends in performance, safety, and motor vehicle sales, production, and costs are also presented. Supplementary sections include Transportation and the Economy; Energy in Transportation which is divided into Energy Consumption, Energy Intensiveness, Energy Transport, and Energy Supply and Demand; and 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS). In this edition, the data cover the period 1980 through 1990/1991, and in some instances, extend back to 1955. KW - Employees KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy data related to transportation KW - Freight handling KW - Freight operations KW - Inventory KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger miles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation statistics KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666614 AU - Ihnat, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - AIDS TO NAVIGATION SERVICE FORCE MIX 2000 PROJECT. VOLUME 3. ANALYSIS OF MULTI-MISSION REQUIREMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING FACTORS FOR THE REPLACEMENT BUOY TENDER FLEET; FINAL REPT. JUL 91- JUN 92 PY - 1992/06 SP - 62 p. AB - The Aids to Navigation (ATON) Service Force Mix (SFM) 2000 Project is documented in a Project Overview and three separately bound volumes. This is Volume III. The Project Overview describes the purpose, approach, analysis, and results of the ATON SFM 2000 Project conducted by the USCG's Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services, Short Range Aids to Navigation Division. Volume I, Development and Application of an Aids to Navigation Service Force Mix Decision Support System -- Final Report, documents the Volpe Center's analysis and development of the proposed replacement buoy tender fleet. The document describes current ATON operations, the concept, development, and operation of the Decision Support System (DSS), the data utilized by the DSS, validation of the DSS, and the proposed service force mix. Volume II, Development and Application of an Aids to Navigation Service Force Mix Decision Support System -- Aid Assignments and Vessel Summary Reports, contains the DSS outputs associated with the findings of Volume I. Included are maps of the aid assignments for each vessel in both the current and proposed fleets and the associated one-page DSS summary printouts. Volume III, Analysis of Multi-Mission Requirements and Development of Planning Factors for the Replacement Buoy Tender Fleet, documents the USCG's analysis and development of baseline multi-mission requirements of the replacement buoy tender fleet. The document describes buoy tender employment categories, historical tender employment data, the determination of underway hours per underway day, and projected impacts on multi-mission requirements resulting from alternative replacement fleet scenarios. KW - Fleet management KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Navigational aids KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Systems engineering KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tenders KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34286/DOT-VNTSC-CG-92-02-3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666615 AU - Brown, K AU - Schwenk, J AU - Bucciarelli, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - AIDS TO NAVIGATION SERVICE FORCE MIX 2000 PROJECT. VOLUME 2. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN AIDS TO NAVIGATION SERVICE FORCE MIX DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM. AID ASSIGNMENTS AND VESSEL SUMMARY REPORTS; FINAL REPT. JAN 91-JUN 92 PY - 1992/06 SP - 177 p. AB - The Aids to Navigation (ATON) Service Force Mix (SFM) 2000 Project is documented in a Project Overview and three separately bound volumes. This is Volume II. The Project Overview describes the purpose, approach, analysis, and results of the ATON SFM 2000 Project conducted by the USCG's Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services, Short Range Aids to Navigation Division. Volume I, Development and Application of an Aids to Navigation Service Force Mix Decision Support System -- Final Report, documents the Volpe Center's analysis and development of the proposed replacement buoy tender fleet. The document describes current ATON operations, the concept, development, and operation of the Decision Support System (DSS), the data utilized by the DSS, validation of the DSS, and the proposed service force mix. Volume II, Development and Application of an Aids to Navigation Service Force Mix Decision Support System -- Aid Assignments and Vessel Summary Reports, contains the DSS outputs associated with the findings of Volume I. Included are maps of the aid assignments for each vessel in both the current and proposed fleets and the associated one-page DSS summary printouts. Volume III, Analysis of Multi-Mission Requirements and Development of Planning Factors for the Replacement Buoy Tender Fleet, documents the USCG's analysis and development of baseline multi-mission requirements of the replacement buoy tender fleet. The document describes buoy tender employment categories, historical tender employment data, the determination of underway hours per underway day, and projected impacts on multi-mission requirements resulting from alternative replacement fleet scenarios. KW - Data analysis KW - Data system KW - Fleet management KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Navigational aids KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tenders KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34285/DOT-VNTSC-CG-92-02-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634784 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ADVANCE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SIX-YEAR PLAN. DRAFT PY - 1992/06 SP - 53 p. AB - This document is the FTA's program plan for the Advanced Public Transportation Systems Program. The purpose of this program plan is to define the APTS Program goals and objectives; to highlight the benefits that can accrue through the APTS Program; to describe how the program is structured to accomplish the objectives; and to outline the ongoing and planned work on the program and the associated available and estimated resources. The program plan covers the fiscal years 1992 through 1997. KW - Advanced public transportation systems KW - Benefits KW - Evaluation KW - Fta section 6 KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Program evaluation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01551468 AU - Cappelli, Peter AU - Kegley, Delwyn H AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Labor Relations and Labor Costs in the Airline Industry: Contemporary Issues PY - 1992/05 SP - 144p AB - Labor-management relations in the airline industry evolved largely in the context of government regulation up to 1978, driven heavily by the implications of the Railway Labor Act. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 bought in a new era in airline labor relations, the dimensions of which - 13 years later - are still in the process of being defined. The purpose of this brief study was to assess the current state of labor-management relations in the airline industry. Specifically, the study reviewed recent settlements with airline unions and their cumulative effects on carrier costs. The aim was to provide the Department of Transportation with a concise understanding of the facts that bear on current collective bargaining in the airline industry, and a critique of the impediments that may affect collective bargaining. KW - Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 KW - Airlines KW - Collective bargaining KW - Labor costs KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Regulation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/54000/54300/54330/DOT-P-30-92-1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1340034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666671 AU - Mengert, P AU - Sussman, E D AU - Disario, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Chief of Staff. TI - STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RISK OF FATALITY AND BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION OF RECREATIONAL BOAT OPERATORS; FINAL REPT. OCT 88-DEC 90 PY - 1992/05 SP - 68 p. AB - A previous study reported that in a data set of recreational boating fatalities 30% of the victims had blood alcohol concentrations above .10% by volume. These data alone did not permit estimation of increased risk of fatality due to intoxication because the prevalence of intoxication among recreational boat operators was unknown. The current study involved interviewing and breath testing recreational boat operators at several boat ramps and marinas in California in order to obtain the 'exposure' data needed to estimate the increased risk of fatality associated with intoxication. Combining the data from the exposure sample and the fatality data from the previous study enabled computation of a relative risk estimate. The best estimate of relative risk resulting from the research is 10.65, that is, boat operators with a blood alcohol concentration above .10% are estimated to be 10.65 times as likely to be killed in a boating accident than boat operators with zero blood alcohol concentration. A 95% lower confidence bound on the estimate is 4.74. Several possible sources of bias and their effects on the relative risk estimate are considered. KW - Alcohol use KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Boat and ship accidents KW - California KW - Ethanol KW - Fatalities KW - Hazards KW - Mortality rates KW - Risk assessment KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406108 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00628034 AU - Ryan, P H AU - Boyd, M A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING A STANDEE-ON-LIFT PROGRAM FOR FIXED-ROUTE BUS SERVICE PY - 1992/05 SP - 31 p. AB - The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guarantees the access of persons with disabilities to employment, public accommodations, public services, telecommunications, and transportation. Among the requirements for fixed-route bus service is that wheelchair lifts accommodate passengers needing to use the lifts while standing. To assist systems in establishing fixed-route bus service for standees, the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center reviewed the accessibility programs of six transit systems that provide such service (5 fixed-route systems and one experimental "feeder" program). This report presents the common elements of these standee-on-lift programs and discusses how they might be employed by other transit systems. It presents the 6 systems' suggestions for implementing such a program as well as the authors' own ideas for establishing lift service for standees. KW - Accessibility KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Disabled people KW - Feeder services KW - Fixed routes KW - Fta section 6 KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special user groups KW - Standee-on-lift KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00627877 AU - Labell, L N AU - Schweiger, C P AU - Kihl, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: THE STATE OF THE ART UPDATE '92 PY - 1992/04 SP - 108 p. AB - This report documents one of the components of FTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. KW - Advanced systems KW - Communication systems KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Navigation systems KW - Navigation systems development KW - Public transit KW - Technological innovations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24000/24056/1X001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00622802 AU - Rudich, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION STATISTICS (SAMIS) 1990 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1992/04 SP - 28 p. AB - This report is a compilation and analysis of mass transit accident and casualty statistics reported by transit systems in the United States during 1990, under FTA's Section 15 reporting system. KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Fta section 15 KW - Injuries KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/363116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496796 AU - Bishop, Dwight E AU - Mills, John F AU - Acoustical Analysis Associates, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Update of Aircraft Profile Data for the Integrated Noise Model Computer Program PY - 1992/03//Vol. 1 Final Report SP - 56p AB - This report provides aircraft takeoff and landing profiles, aircraft aerodynamic performance coefficients and engine performance coefficients for the aircraft data base (Database 9) in the Integrated Noise Model (INM) computer program. Flight profiles and coefficients are provided for 92 aircraft, covering a wide range of civil transport aircraft types, and selected general aviation and military aircraft. Appendix A lists the aircraft flight profiles; Appendix B lists the aerodynamic and engine coefficients. The aerodynamic and engine coefficients, upon which the profiles are based, are in the format specified in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Information Report (AIR) 1845. To the extent possible, the coefficients and flight profiles are based upon the reference conditions specified in SAE AIR 1845. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft noise KW - Coefficients KW - Computer programs KW - INM (Integrated Noise Model) KW - Landing KW - Takeoff UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47700/47795/1992-3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47700/47797/1992-5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496630 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HWNOISE Program Users' Guide PY - 1992/02 SP - 39p AB - HWNOISE is a Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC)-developed user friendly program written in Microsoft Fortran version 4.01 for the IBM PC/AT and compatibles to analyze acoustic data. This program is an integral part of the Federal Highway Administration's Mobile Noise Data Gathering and Analysis Laboratory and is used to process acoustic data collected from up to eight Cetec Ivie IE-30A measuring systems utilizing the companion program, HWINPUT. Processed data, including selected noise level indices can be displayed in both tabular and graphical form. KW - Acoustics KW - Computer program documentation KW - Information processing KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47800/47849/1992-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00644039 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS GUIDELINES FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED RAIL TRANSIT PASSENGERS PY - 1992/02 SP - 80 p. AB - This document contains recommendations designed to assist rail transit system and emergency response organization personnel in evaluating and modifying or supplementing their emergency response plans to address the needs of elderly and disabled passengers. The report is a supplement to the FTA report titled 'Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Rail Transit Systems'. KW - Aged KW - Disabled people KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response KW - Fta section 6 KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Special user groups KW - Specialized training KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496641 AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Analysis of Helicopter Position Determination Methods PY - 1992 SP - 126p AB - Noise measurement flight tests were performed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Volpe Center at Dulles International Airport during June and July, 1983. These tests were originally conducted to address a series of objectives including the propagation and environmental impact of helicopter noise. Data collected from the following four selected helicopter noise measurement tests are the subject of the current analysis: Aerospatiale SA365N Dauphin 2, the Boeing Vertol 234/CH47D, the Bell 222 Twin Jet, and the Sikorsky S76A. The current analysis focuses on a proposed simplification of aircraft position determination. Currently available means of determining exact aircraft position are: radar tracking; video tape recordings of the aircraft; and the use of global positioning system. These methods can be costly and laborious. Three alternative methods for determining aircraft position were evaluated: three-point position determination, two-point position determination, and one-point position determination. In these three methods, the altitude at each position is determined by photographic technique, thus greatly reducing the cost and effort required to determine aircraft position. KW - Aircraft noise KW - Altitude KW - Helicopters KW - Methodology KW - Position fixing UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47800/47855/fa553-lr2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264125 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773158 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Behnke, Robert W AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (APTS) : MULTIMODAL AND ALTERNATIVE MARKET APPLICATIONS OF IVHS PY - 1992 SP - p. 81-95 AB - In this paper, the author traces the transportation-related problems in the U.S., to a large extent, to the lack of an information system that would allow the effective utilization of transportation resources. The author stresses the importance of Advanced Traveler Information Systems integrated into Advanced Public Transportation Systems. The author concludes by emphasizing the need for a multimodal approach to transportation and suggests that future ridesharing approaches should not be limited to conventional systems. He advocates the importance of using parataxis as a cost-effective and energy-efficient means of mass transportation. KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00813266 AU - Haines, Marsha J AU - DeBlasio, Allan J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES : IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES PY - 1992 SP - iv, 66 p. AB - This document is the result of a literature search focusing on the impact of nontechnical issues or constraints that impede the deployment of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) technologies and services. The issues cover a wide range of topics and include the following categories: concepts of coordination; legal issues; management structure; incentives, benefits, goals and motivation; risk/risk perception; investment and financing; development path; acceptability and credibility; education, training and staffing and standards and protocols. A bibliography of sources is included. KW - Finance KW - Public private partnerships KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681040 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773154 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Gordon, Deborah AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - INTELLIGENT VEHICLE/HIGHWAY SYSTEMS : AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 1992 SP - p. 9-27 AB - This paper evaluates the environmental impact of each of several Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) scenarios. Negative impacts of IVHS are outlined. The author views Advanced Driver Information Systems and Automated Vehicle Control Systems as negative developments, but Advanced Traveler Information Services, Automatic Vehicle Information, Automatic Vehicle Location and Weigh-in- Motion/Automatic Vehicle Classification as positive. KW - Automated highways KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493510 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773157 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Baird, Jan K AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS AND TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT : MEETING THE CHALLENGES TOGETHER? PY - 1992 SP - p. 65-[79] AB - The author hypothesizes that increasing capacity with Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems will fail to meet the objectives of reduced congestion, cleaner air and reduced fuel consumption. However, if IVHS is tied to an intensive transportation demand management (TDM) program, it may be successfully applied. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493513 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773164 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Horan, Thomas A AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATING IVHS : KEY ISSUES IN INSTITUTIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS OF IVHS TECHNOLOGIES PY - 1992 SP - p. 191-209 AB - This paper presents a range of evaluation issues surrounding Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) and then focuses on two issues in particular: institutional and environmental implications of IVHS. The paper first discusses recent federal legislation and related reports that set an overall policy context for IVHS research activities and then analyzes specific institutional and environmental features of IVHS and how they could be incorporated into field tests and other evaluations. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493520 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773159 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Mudge, Richard R AU - Griffin, Cynthia S AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - APPROACHES TO THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF IVHS TECHNOLOGY PY - 1992 SP - p. 97-126 AB - The authors explain that the direct benefits, identified in the economic analyses of traditional transportation improvements are only part of the benefits that will most likely accrue from Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) investments. In addition, there are economic benefits and social benefits. The authors explain the complexities in identifying and quantifying these non-direct benefits and outline a research program that would investigate these complex benefits issues. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493515 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773161 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Krauss, Michael I AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - COMMAND VS. SPONTANEOUS COORDINATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS : THE CASE OF INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS PY - 1992 SP - p. 141-166 AB - The author questions the assertion that government-imposed or government- sanctioned standards are necessary precursors to the dissemination of Intelligent Vehicles Highway Systems. He expounds on his belief that spontaneous development of standards presents the best results and that government coercion typically thwarts, not advances efficient solutions. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Standards KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493517 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773163 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Hill, Christopher J AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - STATE AND LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES IN IVHS PY - 1992 SP - p. 175-190 AB - This paper reviews some of the key issues that state and local government agencies are currently addressing in the course of planning for or deploying Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) technologies. The paper draws principally on two case studies: Minnesota Guidestar, a statewide IVHS initiative, and ENTERPRISE, a multi-state IVHS coordinating initiative. It concludes by discussing organizational arrangements adopted in these two programs aimed at addressing the issues described. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Policy KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493519 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773165 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Brecher, Aviva AU - Ritter, Gary AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - IVHS INSTITUTIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES : LESSONS FROM OTHER TECHNOLOGIES PY - 1992 SP - p. 211-225 AB - In the attempt to successfully introduce Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) into the U.S. transportation, certain institutional and environmental issues must be overcome. This paper presents a somewhat eclectic yet relevant assortment of issues and "lessons learned" from other technologies, yet, nevertheless, acknowledging that approaches tailored to IVHS will be required. KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493521 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773156 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Hempel, Lamont C AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - EXPLORING THE TRANSPORTATION-ENVIRONMENT NEXUS : THE ROLE OF IVHS IN REDUCING URBAN AIR POLLUTION CAUSED BY CONGESTION AND SUPER-EMITTING VEHICLES PY - 1992 SP - p. 47-64 AB - This paper focuses on the potential role of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) development in helping to capture benefits for the protection of urban air quality. Three strategies are presented: 1) expansion of electronic road pricing to abate congestion-related emissions, 2) use of remote sensing technologies to monitor on-road emissions, and 3) development of electric vehicles to lessen dependency on the internal combustion engine. Each strategy is briefly explored with an eye to possible linkages between transportation, air quality management, and IVHS technology. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493512 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773160 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Robertson, George V AU - Roberts, Mark A AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS : PRIVATE-SECTOR INVESTMENT CAPITAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES PY - 1992 SP - p. 127-140 AB - The authors contend that the private and public capitals markets and private-sector investment initiatives are the most efficient and desirable ways to pay for and deploy Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). Three basic areas are discussed: 1) how to attract private-sector capital to the emerging IVHS industry; 2) the development of nongovernment-funded commercial space launch vehicles and how they bear on IVHS; and, 3) common issues to both IVHS and the overall, evolving communications industry. KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493516 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773162 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Luce, Laura AU - Richard, Hal AU - Lum, Wesley S C AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN FACTORS AND PUBLIC/CONSUMER ISSUES ON IVHS PROGRAMS PY - 1992 SP - p. 167-173 AB - This paper notes the influence of human factors, consumer perceptions and consumer demands on the various Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) program elements. It provides discussions of advanced transportation technology research within the California Department of Transportation to illustrate the kinds of user considerations and societal concerns that must be factored in to capture and keep popular support while maintaining overall program direction in line with the ultimate IVHS goals. KW - Human factors KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493518 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00773155 JO - IVHS Policy: a Workshop on Institutional and Environmental Issues (1992 : Monterey, Calif.). Transportation, information technology and Public policy PB - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - Sperling, Daniel AU - Union of Concerned Scientists AU - University of California, Davis AU - Claremont Graduate University AU - Commuter Transportation Services, Incorporated AU - Aegis Transportation Information Systems, Incorporated AU - Apogee Research Incorporated AU - Alex. Brown & Sons AU - George Mason Univeristy AU - California. Dept. of Transportation. Office of Advanced Systems Integration and Implementation AU - Castle Rock Consultants AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AIR QUALITY IMPACTS OF IVHS : AN INITIAL REVIEW PY - 1992 SP - p. 29-45 AB - This paper explores the air quality implications of deploying Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) technologies. The authors present an overview of emission effects, discuss the impacts on tripmaking, and the impacts on driving cycles and emissions. In order to effectively determine the net effect of IVHS implementation on air pollutant emissions, two sets of analytical activities need to be modified and improved: 1) travel demand models need to be modified and upgraded to consider different traffic flow relationships and to be more sensitive to microscale changes, and 2) emissions models need to represent relationships between speed, acceleration, and emissions more accurately. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/493511 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00760869 AU - Rumford, W B AU - Cooper, F AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSIT SECURITY: EXPLORING NEW CONCEPTS IN MANAGING SOCIAL PROBLEMS. WORKSHOP. REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1992 SP - 19p AB - This workshop was designed to maximize opportunities for interaction. Four workshop modules, each repeated four times, allowed the 80 participants to engage in small group discussions. The following questions were explored in the workshop modules: Can the transit systems be more effective in addressing intergenerational, ethnic, and cultural conflicts?; Can the transit system and the larger community work as partners in maintaining safe and drug free environments?; What can the transit system do to alleviate the problem of homelessness?; and How do order and cleanliness contribute to a safe and civil transit environment?. This report provides an overview and summary of the discussions and recommendations from the workshop modules and the concluding session. U1 - Transit Security: Exploring New Concepts in Managing Social Problems. WorkshopFederal Transit Administration; Transportation Safety Institute, Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterParc Oakland Hotel, Oakland, California StartDate:19920916 EndDate:19920918 Sponsors:Federal Transit Administration; Transportation Safety Institute, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KW - Communities KW - Ethnic groups KW - Homeless persons KW - Safety and security KW - Social factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transit safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/498926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712917 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - FREIGHT CAR REFLECTORIZATION - DEMONSTRATION TEST (VIDEO) PY - 1992 AB - The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) is conducting research sponsored by the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) Federal Railroad Administration of reflectorization of railroad freight cars to foster conspicuity during nighttime movements through railroad-highway grade crossings. Three types of retroreflective materials have been acquired for testing. Material being tested include enclosed lens type, prismatic type and a bonded lens type. KW - Freight cars KW - Grade crossing safety KW - Night visibility KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Reflectorization KW - Reflectorized materials KW - Retroreflectors KW - Safety KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/450462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496701 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Hourly Statistical Noise Levels: Expanded East Coast Plan PY - 1991/08/05 SP - 74p AB - This document presents the results of a noise measurement program conducted by the Research and Special Program Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (RSPA/VNTSC) in nine communities around the greater Newark, New Jersy, area during the period June 25, 1991, through July 2, 1991. The data presented in this report include hourly statistical noise levels representative of composite community noise, i.e. aircraft noise, highway noise, and noise from normal community activity, as well as Sound Exposure Levels (SEL) for individual aircraft flyovers tagged with pertinent aircraft performance and tracking information. This document presents measured results without interpretation or evaluation. KW - Aircraft noise KW - New Jersey KW - Noise KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47800/47852/1991-dts-75-fa1n8-lr2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518813 AU - Maio, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - United States Coast Guard TI - Port Needs Study (Vessel Traffic Services Benefits). Vol. II: Appendices, Part 2 PY - 1991/08//Final Report SP - 851p AB - This study documents the benefits and costs of potential United States Coast Guard Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) in selected U.S. deep water ports on the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts. The U.S. Department of Transportation's Research and Special Programs Administration's Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (VNTSC) conducted the study for the U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Service, Special Projects Staff. The entire study is documented in three separately bound volumes plus a separate Study Overview. Volume I is the main document covering all aspects of the input data, analysis methods, and results. The focus of Volume I is presentation of information across all 23 study zones concurrently. Volume II focuses on organization and presentation of information for each individual study zone. It contains the appendix tables of input data, output statistics and the documentation of the candidate Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) Design by NavCom Systems. Volume III is a compendium of technical papers on data sources, analytical methods, and models supplementing material in Volume I. KW - Costs KW - Implementation KW - Life cycle costing KW - Needs assessment KW - Ports KW - Traffic surveillance KW - United States KW - Vessel traffic control UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49600/49645/ADA247945.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942383 AU - Turner, J W AU - Huntley, M S AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - EG&G Dynatrend AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - CIVILIAN TRAINING IN HIGH-ALTITUDE FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY PY - 1991/08 SP - 49 p. AB - A survey was conducted to determine if training in high-altitude physiology should be required for civilian pilots; what the current status of such training was; and, if required, what should be included in an ideal curriculum. The survey included a review of Aviation Safety Reporting System and National Transportation Safety Board accidents/incidents where high altitude was a contributing factor, current Federal Aviation Regulations, the Airman's Information Manual, and military training courses. In addition, representatives of pilot and flight attendant unions, airlines, airframe manufacturers, the armed services, National Business Aviation Association, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, flight schools, and universities were interviewed. And, an expert in the field was identified and asked to write a discussion paper for inclusion in the report. The survey determined that there is a need for such training. It was also found that current training practices are not uniform and sometimes do not even address those subjects required by Federal Aviation Regulations. The report contains recommendations for subjects to be included in a core curriculum and additional subjects that may be included for a more complete knowledge of high altitude physiology issues relevant to civilian flight. KW - Air pilots KW - Air transportation crashes KW - Altitude KW - Aviation medicine KW - Aviation Safety Reporting System KW - Civil aviation KW - Crash reports KW - Curricula KW - Physiology KW - Recommendations KW - Specialized training KW - Surveys KW - U.S. National Transportation Safety Board UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33416/33416.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666715 AU - Maio, D AU - Ricci, R AU - Rossetti, M AU - Schwenk, J AU - Liu, T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Coast Guard Office of Navigation Safety and Waterway Services. TI - PORT NEEDS STUDY (VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES BENEFITS). VOLUME 3, TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT; FINAL REPT. FEB 90-JUL 91 PY - 1991/08 SP - 706 p. AB - ;Contents: Commodity and Vessel Traffic Forecasts; Effectiveness of Vessel Traffic Service Systems in Reducing Vessel Accidents; Navigational Risk Model Development; VTS Design Final Report; VTS Technology Survey; Unit Costs of Vessel Casualty Consequences; Develop Estimates of Costs Associated with Oil and Hazardous Chemical Spills and Costs of Idle Resources During Vessel Repairs; The Consequences of Casualties Affecting LNG and LPG Tankers; Integrated Model for Projecting VTS Avoided Vessel Casualties, Consequences, Losses, Benefits, and VTS Costs. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Casualties KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Oil spills KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Seaports KW - Ships KW - Tables (Data) KW - Telecommunications KW - United States KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Waterways KW - Waterways (Transportation) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33419/33419.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00616082 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Labell, L N AU - Prensky, S P AU - Schweiger, Carol L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS - THE STATE OF THE ART PY - 1991/04 SP - 92 p. AB - This report documents one of the early initiatives of UMTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, information, and communication technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report contains the results of a limited investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. It focused on some of the most innovative or comprehensive implementations, categorized broadly under the APTS program elements of Market Development, Customer Interface, Vehicle Operations and Communications, and High Occupancy Vehicle Facility Operations. The objective of this effort was to increase the industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoption. KW - Advanced systems KW - Communication systems KW - Concept vehicles KW - Control systems KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Navigation KW - Technological innovations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24000/24034/1WH01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/356941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00622116 AU - Gross, M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TECHNICAL REPORTS, 1980-1990 (JOHN A. VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER) PY - 1991/04 SP - 384 p. AB - The bibliography lists reports released by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center from January 1980 to December 1990. Reports are listed by sponsoring agency and are indexed by author, title, subject, report number and performing organization. KW - Bibliographies KW - Development KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technical analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation KW - Transportation technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/362779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00633922 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - PRELIMINARY SAFETY INVESTIGATION OF THE NEW YORK METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY PY - 1991/03/22 SP - v.p. AB - The Federal Transit Administration (FTS) is conducting an investigation of the safety and security of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and its operating elements. This investigation is being conducted in two phases: Phase I Preliminary Investigation (PI), and Phase II Investigation. This report presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Phase I Preliminary Investigation. The report describes the Preliminary Investigation identifying and assessing previously identified safety and security issues and recommendations associated with the operations of the MTA and its operating elements. It also describes the safety and security experience and media reports related to the MTA's operation. The basis of the PI was the previously issued safety investigation conducted by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), the New York State Public Transportation Safety Board (NYPTSB), and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Office of the Inspector General (MTA/OIG). The recommendations made by these oversight safety agencies were examined to determine the status and the extent of their implementation. KW - Investigations KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Recommendations KW - Safety KW - Safety practices KW - Security KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/375523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173240 AU - Triggs, T J AU - Doyle, R AU - Drago, V AU - Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Prospectus on Multi-Modal Aspects of Human Factors in Transportation PY - 1991/02 SP - 33p AB - This prospectus identifies and discusses a series of human factors issues which are critical to transportation safety and productivity, and examines the potential benefits that can accrue from taking a multi-modal approach to human factors research. It is now recognized within the Department of Transportation that human-related factors are the largest contributors to transportation accidents. Efforts to moderate the influence of such factors need to be increased given that additional challenges to the safe operation of transportation systems are developing. Examples of such challenges include increasing congestion in the skies, on public roads, and in navigable waters. Research in transportation human factors has been characterized by a lack of integration across the various modes. A strong case can be made that the efficiency and impact of human factors research can be enhanced by a systematic examination of what the transportation modes share in terms of human factors needs. In the conduct of research, a multi-modal formulation will encourage the adoption of a programmatic orientation towards longer-term and large-scale issues. Such an approach will provide the government with a long-range technical agenda that will guide research planning. The prospectus recognizes that not all human factors research areas readily lend themselves to a cross-modal approach and provides illustrative examples. This report identifies and describes critical current and emerging human factors issues. They were identified based on three considerations: relevance to transportation, significance to operational safety, and likelihood that research will yield substantial benefits. KW - Airspace (Aeronautics) KW - Crashes KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Port congestion KW - Productivity KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33700/33784/33784.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01516496 AU - Hallock, J N AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Aircraft Wake Vortices: An Assessment of the Current Situation PY - 1991/01//Final Report SP - 69p AB - The state of knowledge about aircraft wake vortices in the summer of 1990 is summarized. With the advent of a new Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) wake vortex program, the current situation was assessed by answering five questions: (1) What do we know about wake vortices, (2) what don't we know about wake vortices, (3) what are the requirements and limitations for operational systems to solve the wake vortex problems, (4) where do we go from here, and 5) why do we need to collect more wake vortex data. KW - Aircraft operations KW - Aircraft separation KW - Aviation safety KW - Wakes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49900/49965/GetTRDoc_AD_ADA231658_Location_U2_doc_GetTRDoc.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634790 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM CENTER INFORMATION PACKET. IDEAS THAT MOVE A NATION PY - 1991/01 SP - v.p. AB - The Volpe Center operates under the policy guidance of the Secretary of Transportation, to "anticipate future national, state, local, and international transportation and logistics issues and requirements, and respond to current needs and priorities in accordance with its role as the national center of transportation and logistics expertise". The information packet provides a short history of the Center, established in 1970. The Center is described as a national resource where experts from the public and private sector can work together. The five key areas of activities are described. They are: support of transportation policy development and systems acquisition; enhanced transportation safety; transportation security; advanced management support systems; and infrastructure modernization. KW - Governments KW - Infrastructure KW - Logistics KW - Modernization KW - Policy making KW - Private enterprise KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation KW - Transportation safety KW - Transportation systems KW - U.S. Research and Special Programs Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/375641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646987 AU - Dorer, R M AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Weinstock, H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SAFETY OBSERVATIONS ON THE X2000 TRAIN AS DEVELOPED FOR THE SWEDISH NATIONAL RAILWAYS PY - 1990/12 SP - 25 p. AB - The safety of high speed rail technology proposed for possible application in the United States is of concern to the Federal Railroad Administration. This report, one in a series of reports planned for high speed rail technologies presents an initial review of one such technology, the Swedish tilting train known as the X2000. This report utilizes material provided by the train developer, Asea Brown Boveri Traction AB (ABB), material gathered from independent sources, a site visit to the X2000 design and production facilities in June 1990, and a ride on the equipment for over 400 km (250 miles) at speeds up to 200 km/hr, also during June of 1990. This report describes the background leading up to the development of the X2000, the potential U.S. applications, and the technology in some detail and finally reviews FRA regulations that may be applicable to the design of this train relative to any potential U.S. application. KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Statens Jarnvagar KW - Tilting trains KW - Transportation safety KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00604386 AU - Dorer, R M AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Weinstock, H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - SAFETY RELEVANT OBSERVATIONS ON THE X2000 TRAIN AS DEVELOPED FOR THE SWEDISH NATIONAL RAILWAYS PY - 1990/12 SP - 25 p. AB - The safety of high speed rail technology proposed for possible application in the United States is of concern to the Federal Railroad Administration. This report, one in a series of reports planned for high speed rail technologies presents an initial review of one such technology, the Swedish tilting train known as the X2000. This report utilizes material provided by the train developer, Asea Brown Boveri Traction AB (ABB), material gathered from independent sources, a site visit to the X2000 design and production facilities in June of 1990, and a ride on the equipment for over 400 km (250 miles) at speeds up to 200 km/hr (125 mph), also during June of 1990. This report desribes the background leading up to the development of the X2000, the potential U.S. applications, and the technology in some detail and finally reviews FRA regulations that may be applicable to the design of train relative to any potential U.S. application. KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed rail KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards KW - Statens Jarnvagar KW - Tilt trains KW - Tilting KW - Tilting trains KW - Transportation safety KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941431 AU - Pollard, J K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ISSUES IN LOCOMOTIVE CREW MANAGEMENT AND SCHEDULING PY - 1990/11 SP - v.p. AB - This study explores matters related to the scheduling and management of locomotive crews, particularly as they might contribute to fatigue and stress. It describes how crews are scheduled currently, why there is so much unpredictability in schedules, how various aspects of current practices contribute to fatigue and stress, and what options exist to improve matters. It is based mostly on interviews with operating managers, dispatchers and crew callers on various railroads, discussions with union officials and focus-group sessions with working engineers. The mechanics of scheduling trains and crews on each of seven roads are discussed along with the timing of scheduling decisions, current problems and planned improvements in communications and control. Among the causes of fatigue identified by engineers who participated in the focus groups are: uncertainty as to the time one's next job will be called, excessive working hours, long commutes and waiting times, the poor condition of some locomotives and other equipment, unsatisfactory conditions for sleeping at some terminals, poor distribution of workload among the crew, interpersonal conflicts with dispatchers and crew callers, and deliberate choices by crewmen to do something other than resting during the day even when they knew they might be called for work that night. Possible corrective measures suggested are: a minimum of eight hours notice before reporting for work, greater predictability in scheduling, and division of the pools according to the period of the day when they were susceptible to calls. Plans for implementing some of these measures are discussed. KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Focus groups KW - Hours of labor KW - Interviewing KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Management KW - Scheduling KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Train crews KW - Working conditions KW - Workload UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33417/33417.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33417/33417.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941430 AU - Jeong, D Y AU - Lehigh University AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - GROWTH LIFE OF SURFACE CRACKS IN THE RAIL WEB PY - 1989/01 SP - 54 p. AB - The results of a theoretical study of the propagation behavior of surface cracks in the web of railroad rails are presented. Two fracture mechanics models are presented: (1) a conventional LEFM model of an elliptical surface crack of constant aspect ratio growing through the web thickness; and (2) a generalized surface crack model based on Sih's strain energy diversity approach. The conventional model predicts that the crack will propagate only at extremely slow rates, even under conditions of tensile vertical residual stress created by roller straightening. The strain energy diversity model predicts a slow propagation principally along the web (i.e., the crack aspect ratio increases) without residual stress. KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail web KW - Surface cracks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935875 AU - Pincemaille, Y AU - Trosseille, X AU - Mack, P AU - Brun-Cassan, F AU - Tarriere, C AU - Renault, B AU - Breton, F AU - Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biomecanique AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIOPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL PARAMETERS NAD NEURO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO HEAD IMPACT PY - 1988/06 SP - 235 p. AB - In order to obtain data related to human head tolerance, a specific methodology for volunteer boxers was developed. Five training fights were performed with boxers whose head was equipped with accelerometric measurement devices. A set of blows was selected on the basis of cinematographic recording and accelerometric requirements. As regards kinematics, there were more blows given on the left side of the boxers' head than on the right side; the linear accelerations at the head center of gravity and HIC values were moderate; angular velocities and accelerations reached maximum values of respectively 48 rad/s and 16000 rd/s2. In complement of physical measurements, tests of Event Related Potential Assessment of Attention and Orienting Reaction were performed. Clinical examinations of the boxers before and after the fight did not reveal any anomaly in their behaviour. This very sophisticated analysis only indicated a small effect in one parameter after the fight - the ability to detect and to react towards stimuli delivered in the right ear was partially impaired, although the behaviours of the boxers remain in the normal range. The conclusions are necessarily limited, given the small number of subjects and it would be of great interest in the future to continue along this line of research. KW - Accelerometers KW - Biophysics KW - Boxers (Sport) KW - Boxing (Sport) KW - Head KW - Human beings KW - Human subject testing KW - Impact KW - Kinematics KW - Neurology KW - Physical condition KW - Physiology KW - Tolerance (Physiology) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01506242 AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - United States Air Force TI - ATALARS Operational Requirements: Automated Tactical Aircraft Launch and Recovery System PY - 1988/04//Final Report SP - 32p AB - This report documents a first draft of projected requirements for an advanced air traffic control concept named ATALARS (Automated Tactical Aircraft Launch and Recovery System). The ATALARS recognizes the need to interface with other systems within the Battle Management arena. This document attempts to capture the initial concerns facing the system-to-system interoperability issues. KW - Air traffic control KW - Aircraft operations KW - Airspace utilization KW - Interoperability KW - System design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50000/50036/GetTRDoc_AD_ADA228934_Location_U2_doc_GetTRDoc.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173142 AU - Pollard, John K AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Evaluation of a Bar-Code System to Detect Unaccompanied Baggage PY - 1988/02//Final Report SP - 41p AB - The objective of the Unaccompanied Baggage Detection System (UBDS) Project has been to gain field experience with a system designed to identify passengers who check baggage for a flight and subsequently fail to board that flight. In the first phase of the project, various identification techniques including bar-code, magnetic stripe, optical character readers, and micro-wave transponders, were reviewed. Bar-code was selected because of its low cost and because of the off-the-shelf availability of all of the necessary components for a system. During a March, 1986 meeting of airline security officials, the representative of United Airlines (UAL) volunteered his carrier to host a UBDS demonstration. UAL's station at Green Airport near Providence, R.I. was selected because of its proximity to TSC and its scale of operations which allows collection of a substantial volume of data while incurring costs for only a single gate. Although it was recognized at the start that integration of the UBDS with UAL's Apollo reservations system would provide the most realistic operating environment, the lead-time for such integration was estimated at more than one year, which excluded it from further consideration. Instead a stand-alone system was designed consisting of miniature terminals placed at each ticket counter position linked to bar-code label printers through a micro-computer and concentrator. As each passenger with bags to check appeared at the counter, the agent was supposed to enter the passenger's last name and initial along with the number of bags. This action created a computer record of the passenger together with a sequence number. The latter plus a code for the flight number was automatically printed on bar-code labels, one to be scanned as the passenger boarded the aircraft and the other(s) for the baggage tags in case it was desired to identify and remove a bag. At the gate, a scanner terminal was installed for use by the flight attendant while the ticket coupons were being collected from boarding passengers. At any point in the boarding process, pressing a single function key of the gate terminal would cause a list of passengers who had checked baggage but who had not yet boarded to appear on the display. KW - Airlines KW - Airport operations KW - Baggage KW - Bar codes KW - Checked baggage KW - Safety and security KW - Security KW - Unattended baggage UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33398/33398.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173140 AU - Esterberg, Melodie A AU - Sussman, E D AU - Walter, R A AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Automotive Displays and Controls--Existing Technology and Future Trends PY - 1987/11//Final Report SP - 128p AB - This report presents overview information on high-technology displays and controls that are having a substantial effect on the driving environment. Advances in electronics and computers, in addition to cost advantages, increase the technologies' impact. The status of these displays and controls, and the concerns that may be raised in relation to safety and the driving task, are discussed. Several industry brochures and articles are reprinted as appendices, and a detailed reference list for further study is supplied. KW - Cathode ray tubes KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver information systems KW - Fluorescence KW - Instrument displays KW - Light emitting diodes KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33390/33390.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173166 AU - Needalman, Ann AU - Sussman, E Donald AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - United States Coast Guard TI - An Experimental Evaluation of Field Sobriety Tests in the Marine Environment PY - 1987/08//Final Report SP - 93p AB - This Report describes an investigation of the accuracy of Field Sobriety Tests (FSTs) when used in the marine environment. FSTs are non-chemical tests of intoxication which are used in highway law enforcement. These tests rely on the observation and measurement of the effect of alcohol intoxication on behaviors such as coordination, visual tracking and balance. It has been suggested that such behaviors might be degraded by the stressors encountered in the marine environment thereby invalidating them for such use. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any decrease in the accuracy of the tests when used on individuals in recreational boating conditions. In the study 97 volunteers (matched in age and sex to the population of individuals arrested by marine law enforcement agents) were dosed with alcohol in a setting closely approximating that encountered in recreational boating. The subjects were given four drinks over a three and one half hour exposure period. The dosages were calculated to cause the subject to reach Blood Alcohol Concentrations (BACs) of 0.12%, 0.08%, or 0%. During this exposure period the subjects spent approximately one and one half hours on the water at various speeds in an open high performance outboard type boat. The subjects' BACs were estimated through FST procedures by marine law enforcement agents experienced in the use of such procedures. The FSTs were conducted both on the water and on land. The officers' estimates were correlated with measurements of BAC obtained using breath testing units. The correlations obtained were similar to and consistent with correlations between FST estimates of BAC and breath test measurements found in studies conducted to simulate the highway environment. Indices of the officer's performance in correctly determining whether a subject did or did not exceed an intoxication criteria were calculated. These indices revealed that; when used in a conservative manner FST tests used on the water will result in the arrest of a significantly greater number of intoxicated boaters than would observation and interrogation methods now used and would probably result in a very low level of false arrests. KW - Alcohol tests KW - Behavior KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Intoxication KW - Law enforcement KW - Marine transit KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33389/33389.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173242 AU - Salvatore, Santo AU - Walter, Robert AU - Mengert, Peter AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Phase II Evaluation of the National Crash Experience: Comparison of CARDfile National Motor Vehicle Accident Projections with Projections from NASS PY - 1987/07 SP - 117p AB - This report details the results of an analysis that compared the Crash Avoidance Research Data Base (CARDfile) with the National Accident Sampling System (NASS). CARDfile combines, in one data base, the police accident records for three years (1983 through 1985) from Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington. It contains in excess of 4.0 million accidents that involved 6.5 million vehicles. NHTSA's Office of Crash Avoidance (NRD-50) uses CARDfile to evaluate crash avoidance concepts and to assist in program development. To make the best use of CARDfile, it is important to understand how well the accident experience derived from the six CARDfile states compares to other national data bases. During the first effort in this evaluation, Transportation Systems Center (TSC) examined the general characteristics of the population, the vehicles, the roads, and the fatal accidents in these states and compared them to the same characteristics for the whole nation. We found that the six states agreed well with the nation (Salvatore, Mengert, Walter, 1987). Of greater importance is how these six states' accident experience agrees with the accident experience found in other accident data bases, particularly NASS. The results of these analyses are reported here. KW - Crash avoidance research KW - Crash data KW - Crash records KW - Fatalities KW - Forecasting KW - Human factors in crashes KW - National Accident Sampling System KW - Police reports KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33392/33392.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173180 AU - Chhatwal, E AU - Farr, E AU - Mengert, Peter AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Rail-Highway Crossing Accident Prediction Analysis PY - 1987/04 SP - 58p AB - This report contains technical results that have been produced in a study to revise and update the DOT rail-highway crossing resource allocation procedure. This work has resulted in new accident prediction and severity formulas, a modified and extended resource allocation model, and more flexible and more complete software. The new accident and severity prediction formulas are based on recent inventory and recent accident experience. This report complements two other reports which have been produced from the study and which are due to be published in 1987. Most of the results presented here are of a specialized nature. They are either too technical or too detailed to be included in the other two reports, which are intended for a wider audience. However, these results are important and may be useful to rail-highway crossing analysts, both inside the Government and outside. KW - Crash data KW - Crash records KW - Crash severity KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Resource allocation KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33393/33393.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173212 AU - Prensky, Simon AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Analysis of Stalling Problems PY - 1986/11//Final Report SP - 120p AB - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) collects consumer complaints concerning alleged vehicle safety defects for the purpose of analyzing and investigating significant problem areas. It also influences recalls of vehicles with specific safety-related defects. This analysis addresses general stalling as a potential safety problem. Since 1975, NHTSA has received over 17,000 consumer complaints associated with stalling problems, and has conducted several investigations of vehicle stalling problems, including the 1982 Volvo, 1976-1982 VW Rabbits, and the 1976-1977 Aspen/Volare. The purpose of this project was to: (1) review the data available to NHTSA for patterns which could yield insight concerning the safety implications of stalling; (2) identify high-risk stalling situations; and (3) attempt to identify high-risk vehicles/components. KW - Engine compartments KW - Engines KW - Recall campaigns KW - Risk analysis KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33385/33385.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00943913 AU - Gozzo, S AU - Madigan, R AU - Rutyna, F AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF TRANSIT TEST NEEDS AND UMTA OPTION TEST CENTER: PUEBLO, COLORADO PY - 1986/10 SP - v.p. AB - The Transportation Test Center (TTC) was developed in response to the High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 for the advancement of ground transportation technology and the development of cost and performance data for the evaluation of intercity as well as intracity systems. This report presents the transit industry requirements for vehicle and subsystem testing. Also examined is what should Urban Mass Transportation Administration's (UMTA's) role be in providing the TTC both technical and facilities support. KW - Cost accounting KW - Ground transportation KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 KW - Infrastructure KW - Intercity transportation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Technology assessment KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173195 AU - Prensky, Simon AU - Cardosi, Kim M AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Risk Analysis of Certifying Insulin-Taking Diabetic Private Pilots PY - 1986/03//Project Memorandum SP - 56p AB - The purpose of this study is to develop estimates of the risk associated with the certification of insulin-taking diabetics as Class in student and private pilots. Title 14, Part 67 - Medical Standards and Certification of the Code of Federal Regulations states that, to be eligible for a Class I, II, or in class medical certificate, a pilot must have "no established medical history of clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus that requires insulin or any other hypoglycemic drug for control." Although procedures exist for appealing medical disqualifications for pilots certificates directly to the Federal Highway Administration (FAA), no insulin-taking diabetic has ever been issued a pilot's license. The only diabetics currently flying aircraft are those who control their disease solely by diet. Recently, a comprehensive review of medical certification criteria including those for diabetic pilots, has been undertaken by the FAA and the medical research establishment. This report complements that review. It is a study of the safety risks associated with the possible certification of insulin-taking diabetics for Class III student and private pilot certification. This information, in conjunction with expert medical opinion and analysis, is expected to be used by the Federal Air Surgeon in deciding whether to recommend changes in the regulations pertaining to certification of insulin taking diabetic pilots. The study includes an analysis of (1) the number of insulin-taking diabetics who would be interested in, as well as qualified to become, private pilots; (2) the expected number of accidents resulting from their certification; and (3) the comparable risk experienced by airmen in normal operation, e.g., night flying versus daytime flying. In addition, a review of literature regarding the risks of diabetic automobile drivers is presented. KW - Air pilots KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Aviation safety KW - Diabetics KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Insulin UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33386/33386.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941429 AU - Tyrell, D AU - Weinstock, H AU - Greif, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - WHEEL UNLOADING OF RAIL VEHICLES DUE TO TRACK TWIST PY - 1986/02 SP - 58 p. AB - An analysis is presented describing the effect that track twist has on the loads carried by the wheels of a rail car. Wheel unloading is determined as a function of the difference in crosslevel between the truck centers of the car. The different vehicle characteristics that affect a car's reaction to track twist are determined. It is found that light, torsionally stiff cars are the most susceptible to wheel unloading due to track twist. Using the results of a previous study where lateral wheel/rail force was determined as a function of curvature, the difference in crosslevel between truck centers that will cause Nadal's Limit for wheel climb to be exceeded is determined as a function of curvature. This difference in crosslevel between truck centers is normalized to 31 ft so that maximum track twist, as it is commonly defined, is determined as a function of curvature. It has been found that for less that 6 deg of curvature and at low speeds, most rail cars can withstand up to 1.5 in. of track twist in 31 ft. The amount of track twist that a car can withstand decreases with increasing curvature, and at 15 deg of curvature the amount of track twist that most railcars can withstand has dropped to 1.0 in. KW - Cross leveling KW - Curvature KW - Curved track KW - Deformation KW - Derailments KW - Low speed KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Track twist KW - Wheel unloading UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941428 AU - Kish A AU - Samavedam, G AU - Jeong, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF VEHICLE INDUCED LOADS ON THE LATERAL STABILITY OF CWR TRACK PY - 1985/11 SP - 94 p. AB - Thermal buckling of railroad tracks in the lateral plane is an important problem in the design and maintenance of continuous welded rail (CWR) track. The severity of the problem is manifested through the increasing number of derailments which are attributable to track buckling, indicating a need for developing better control on the allowable safe temperature increase for CWR track. The work reported here is a part of a major investigation conducted by the Transportation Systems Center for the Federal Railroad Administration on the thermal buckling of CWR tracks in the lateral plane. In this report, the influence of vehicles on the stability of CWR track subjected to temperature rise is examined. The changes in lateral resistance distribution due to vehicle loads are theoretically computed and the buckling response of tracks due to temperature increase is determined for various length cars. It is found that the dynamic buckling temperature for tangent tracks under long cars can be significantly lower than the static buckling temperature, whereas the safe temperature increase values do not appreciably differ. Curved tracks with low lateral resistance can buckle progressively in the presence of long cars, whereas statically (without-vehicle), they may exhibit safe temperature and buckling temperature values. KW - Buckling KW - Car length (Railroads) KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Curved track KW - Derailments KW - Lateral stability KW - Loads KW - Railroad tracks KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173248 AU - Pollard, John K AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Small Car Exposure Data Project: Phase I Methodology PY - 1985/10//Final Report SP - 260 p AB - The Small Car Exposure Data Project represents the first phase of an effort to build a data base of exposure variables for crash-avoidance studies. Among these are: (1) vehicle make, model, year, body style, wheel base, weight, and horsepower; (2) driver sex and age; (3) vehicle headway, speed and turning maneuver; (4) permanent site characteristics; and (5) temporary site characteristics. Phase I data collection took place from March 15 to November 21, 1984 in 12 towns in the western suburbs of Boston. This report is concerned with data collection methodology and recommendations for its improvement in Phase II. The most significant methodological change in this study from previous roadside exposure data collection efforts was the introduction of portable computers. With appropriate software, these lap computers permitted a single observer to record estimates of vehicle type, driver sex and age decile, and turning maneuver. The computer also automatically triggered a camera to photograph the license plate and recorded speed from a radar gun. In the data editing process, license plates from the film were appended to each record. From these plate numbers, the Registry of Motor Vehicles supplied the corresponding vehicle identification numbers. These were run through the VIN DICATOR program to generate a file of output records with all of the vehicle characteristics above. Traffic counts and Police Accident Report data were also collected for the same area and time period as the exposure data. All of these data are being analyzed and intepreted in a report prepared by Mid-America Research Institute. KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash avoidance KW - Crash data KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash reports KW - Data collection KW - Police reports KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33382/33382.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173244 AU - Mengert, P AU - Bair, R AU - DiGregorio, R AU - Hoxie, P AU - Mumford, R AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Center for Statistics and Analysis AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Development of Multivariate Exposure and Fatal Accident Involvement Rates for 1977 PY - 1985/10//Final Report SP - 110 p AB - The need for multivariate accident involvement rates is often encountered in accident analysis. The Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) files contain records of fatal involvements characterized by many variables while National Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) contains reports of trip records similarly characterized by many variables. When the dassificatory variables available in both data bases are examined the following are indent!fled as of the most interest in accident analysis: driver age, driver sex, vehicle weight, vehicle age, land use (urban/rural), season (winter/summer), time of day, and number of occupants. The fatal involvement data (from FARS) and the vehicle miles of travel (VMT) data (from NPTS) were separately classified by these variables (each limited to two or three levels). Missing data was accounted for. Missing weight data was estimated, where possible, based on make, model, and/or other vehicle characteristics. Log-linear models were fit to the classified data to improve the accuracy and statistical stability. Estimates of standard errors were produced by sample splitting techniques. Specifically, random repeated replications were used. Standard errors were calculated for the fatal involvement estimates, for VMT estimates and for fatal involvement rates (the ratio of fatal involvements to VMT). KW - Crash characteristics KW - Crash data KW - Crash rates KW - Data collection KW - Fatal Accident Reporting System KW - Fatalities KW - Multivariate analysis KW - National Personal Transportation Survey KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33377/33377.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173213 AU - Mengert, Peter AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Analysis and Testing of Koornstra-type Induced Exposure Models PY - 1985/10//Final Report SP - 60 p AB - Induced exposure models postulate a structure for accident data which permits the estimation of two factors: exposure and proneness. Since information on exposure is needed in order to assess the accident risk of different driver, vehicle, and environmental situations and since reliable exposure data is expensive to collect, induced exposure models hold the promise of a rich exposure data source which is perfectly matched to the accident data to be analyzed. This paper assesses the validity of the postulated structure of one induced exposure model: the Koornstra Model. The Koornstra Model was chosen for analysis and testing because it appeared to have the most potential for usefulness based on : (a) previously reported favorable results (in limited testing); (b) universal applicability; (c) damaging criticism of certain other models; and (d) a rich and well posed model structure. This paper analyses and tests the Koornstra Model from three different points of view: (1) Is it based on reasonable assumptions? (2) Does the model provide a significantly better fit to accident data than a simpler model which does not permit exposure or proneness to be estimated? (3) How do the exposure estimates provided by the model compare with those from externally collected data? KW - Accident prone drivers KW - Crash causes KW - Crash data KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Data collection KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33372/33372.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173137 AU - Mengert, P AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Description and Comparative Evaluation of a Proposed Design For the Low Visibility Approach Study PY - 1985/10//Project Memorandum SP - 62 p AB - This memorandum was prepared in support of the low visibility simulation study being conducted by the FAA as a basis for establishing the lowest RVR (runway visual range) required for safe, fail passive auto landings in Category III weather. A design consisting of descriptions of the flight scenarios to be used in this study and the order and combination of conditions under which these scenarios would be presented to the pilots flying the simulated approaches was developed for use in initial simulation testing. While adequate for early testing, this ORIGINAL design would have some analytic limitations if used as a means of generating pilot performance data during the actual evaluation. This report describes a new proposed study design and compares the original design and the proposed new design with respect to their abilities to differentiate the influence of visibility conditions on landing decisions and performance of air transport pilots in a 727 full mission simulator. The new design uses only combinations of conditions, other than RVR, which were used in the original design. Every combination of conditions which is presented to a pilot at one RVR is also presented at other RVR's to ensure that the RVR's can be compared under identical conditions. It is essential that this be done if a valid determination of the effects of visibility conditions on pilot landing performance is to be made. The total number of combinations of conditions without regard to RVR is exactly the same as in the original design. This number is 40 (9 normals +3 loc. mis. w. norm. +4 disconnect +4 anomalies) X 2 light levels). When these are combined with RVR's, the result is a total of 200 (5 x 40) test scenarios. Each of the 200 scenarios is identical to one of the original scenarios except for, at most, a change in RVR. Since the reason there are more total scenarios is to increase comparability of RVR's, that number should not be reduced. However the relative frequency of occurrence of some combinations can be increased if desired. Also the order of presentation can be changed. KW - Aircraft navigational aids KW - Aircraft pilotage KW - Airline pilots KW - Airport runways KW - Aviation safety KW - Flight simulators KW - Landing aids KW - Visualization UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33375/33375.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173210 AU - Bair, Richard J AU - Esterberg, Melodie A AU - Leavitt, James A AU - Madnick, Beth J AU - Walter, R A AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Motor Vehicle Attributes Status Report PY - 1985/03 SP - 150 p AB - The Transportation Systems Center (TSC) was requested by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Office of Vehicle Research to compile and computerize a data base of vehicle safety attributes for automobiles and trucks. The data base was developed as a source of vehicle specifications and dimensions for research in the areas of Crash Avoidance and Crashworthiness. As a result of this effort, a series of data bases has been developed by TSC. The data bases include information from manufacturers and other sources on automobiles and trucks and their respective dimensions and specifications. TSC also developed a data base of automobile interior and exterior dimensions collected through a program of direct measurement of automobiles. Other data bases were obtained from within the automotive industry and NHTSA during the course of this study. TSC transferred these data bases along with the above mentioned TSC data bases onto the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) computer system in Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) data sets for NHTSA/TSC research use. The information within the data base will aid NHTSA and TSC researchers in relating vehicle characteristics to injuries and fatalities by providing data input for computer modeling and the formulation of accident-avoidance concepts. The vehicle safety attributes data base will be up-dated on a continuing basis to reflect changing trends in the vehicle population. KW - Accident avoidance KW - Crash data KW - Databases KW - Fatalities KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33378/33378.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933401 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173206 AU - Blumenstiel, A AU - Huntley, S AU - Koonce, J AU - Salvatore, S AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Selected Human Factors Problems in Civil Aviation (A Preliminary List) PY - 1984/03/30 SP - 20 p AB - This paper describes selected human factors problems in civil aviation. Topics include: Human Machine Interface, Pilot Performance, Regulatory Issues, Operations and Procedures, Training, Accident Investigation, Helicopter Operations, and Airports and Facilities. KW - Airline pilots KW - Airport operations KW - Airport terminals KW - Aviation safety KW - Crash investigation KW - Helicopters KW - Human machine interface KW - Terminal operations KW - Training UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33367/33367.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173221 AU - Mengert, Peter AU - Roberts, Edwin AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - National Center for Statistics and Analysis TI - Analytical Methods in Multivariate Highway Safety Exposure Data Estimation PY - 1984/01//Final Report SP - 138 p AB - Three general analytical techniques which may be of use in" extending, enhancing, and combining highway accident exposure data are discussed. The techniques are log-linear modeling, iterative proportional fitting and the expectation maximization (EM) method. A general discussion identifies a number of frequently encountered exposure data deficiencies and indicates how one or more of the three analytical techniques may be of use in addressing each deficiency. The more mathematically-oriented sections provide a general introduction to each of the methods and discuss some of their properties of special interest in applications. A section illustrating applications to driving exposure data is included, together with computer program listings. KW - Crash data KW - Crash exposure KW - Data collection KW - Iterative proportional fitting KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic models UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33362/33362.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173129 AU - Hairston, J AU - Wright, M R AU - Narva, A AU - Schwenk, J AU - Verve Research Corporation AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - General Aviation Pilot and Aircraft Activity Survey PY - 1983/12//Final Report SP - 84p AB - This report provides a summary and analysis of the data collected in the 1981 General Aviation Pilot and Aircraft Activity Survey. The survey was conducted at a random sample of airports across the nation throughout the months of July, August, and September, 1981 by the Federal Aviation Administration with the assistance of the Civil Air Patrol. The survey data provide information regarding the magnitude and characteristics of general aviation including: type and source of information services, trip length in time and distance, pilot age and certification. Estimates are made of total 1981 general aviation operations, fuel consumption and aircraft miles flown. KW - Air pilots KW - Airport operations KW - Data collection KW - Flight plans KW - Fuel consumption KW - General aviation KW - Trip length KW - Weather information systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33357/33357.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941427 AU - Nayak, P R AU - Rosenfield, D B AU - Hagopian, J H AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVENT PROBABILITIES AND IMPACT ZONES FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ACCIDENTS ON RAILROADS PY - 1983/11 SP - 296 p. AB - Procedures are presented for evaluating the probability and impacts of hazardous material accidents in rail transportation. The significance of track class for accident frequencies and of train speed for accident severity is quantified. Special attention is given to the analysis of track-caused accidents. Quantitative estimates are provided of the amount of hazardous material released per accident, as well as of the area affected by these releases. An error analysis is made of the various probabilities. KW - Classification KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Hazardous materials KW - Impacts KW - Probability KW - Railroad crashes KW - Railroad tracks KW - Risk analysis KW - Speed UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33356/33356.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33356/33356.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173134 AU - Bair, Richard J AU - Leavitt, James A AU - Madnick, Beth J AU - Walter, R A AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Motor Vehicle Attributes Status Report PY - 1983/10 SP - 25 p AB - The Transportation Systems Center (TSC) was requested by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Office of Vehicle Research to compile and computerize a data base of vehicle safety attributes for automobiles, trucks and motorcycles. The data base was developed as a source of vehicle specifications and dimensions for research in the areas of Crash Avoidance and Crash worthiness. As a result of this effort, a series of data bases has been developed by TSC. The data bases include information from manufacturers and other sources on automobiles, trucks and their respective engines. TSC also developed a data base of automobile interior and exterior dimensions collected through a program of direct measurement of several automobiles. Three existing data bases were obtained from within the industry during the course of this study, which were developed and computerized by General Motors, Volkswagen and the Society of Automotive Engineers. TSC transferred these three along with the above mentioned TSC data bases onto the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) computer system in Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) data sets for NHTSA/TSC research use. NHTSA collected vehicle attribute information for two additional data bases, which TSC also stored on the NIH computer. TSC's current emphasis has been placed on consolidating redundant information across the data sets to create a concise data base of vehicle attributes. Concurrent with this effort, TSC is determining future vehicle data requirements and identifying characteristics that will be obtained to supplement the existing data. The information within the data base will aid NHTSA and TSC researchers in relating vehicle characteristics to injuries and fatalities by providing data input for computer modeling and the formulation of accident-avoidance concepts. The vehicle safety attributes data base must be up-dated and fine-tuned on a continuing basis for changing trends in the vehicle population. KW - Accident avoidance KW - Crash data KW - Crashworthiness KW - Databases KW - Fatalities KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33358/33358.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941426 AU - Blader, F B AU - Analytic Sciences Corporation AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDIES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRACK GEOMETRY VARIATIONS AND DERAILMENT POTENTIAL AT LOW SPEEDS PY - 1983/09 SP - 134 p. AB - This report describes analytical studies carried out to define the relationship between track parameters and safety from derailment. Problematic track scenarios are identified reflecting known accident data. Vehicle response is investigated in the 10-25 mph speed range, using an analytic model of a freight vehicle to identify critical values of body roll, and incipient wheel drop and rail climb, on track with weak lateral restraint. The track model includes gauge variation as well as alignment and cross-level in curves and the vehicle represents a 100-ton hopper car. Model results compare well with experimental results. Safe values for gauge and cross-level are identified for curved track containing lateral cusps at outer rail joints with and without cross-level cusps at staggered joints. Safe values of alignment are identified for sinusoidal alignment variation with constant gauge on tangent track and in curves up to 10 degrees. Recommendations are made on improvements to the computational efficiency and accuracy of the simulation and on further efforts required to identify completely safe values for track over the range of speeds, vehicle types and track conditions encountered in service. KW - Alignment KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cross leveling KW - Curved track KW - Derailments KW - Field data KW - Gage (Rails) KW - Geometry KW - Improvements KW - Low speed KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail joints KW - Railroad tracks KW - Recommendations KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941424 AU - Groom, J J AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES IN RAILS PY - 1983/05 SP - 72 p. AB - A destructive sectioning technique for measuring the complete three-dimensional residual stresses in a rail cross section was developed. The technique was applied to four tangent rail specimens: two 136-pound specimens were taken from FAST (Facility for Accelerated Service Testing), Pueblo, Colorado [83 and 270 MGT (million gross tons)] and two 132-pound specimens were obtained from revenue service (100 and 300 MGT). The results show that: 1) high compressive stresses exist in and near the tread surface of the rail, particularly near the edges of the wear pattern where the plastic flow of metal is extreme; 2) high tensile stresses are found just below the tread surface with peak stresses near the edges of the tread wear pattern; and 3) for the traffic ranges examined (83 to 300 MGT), the tensile stresses internal to the rail head increased with increasing MGT. KW - Compressive stress KW - Million gross tons KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail cross section KW - Residual stress KW - Specimens KW - Tensile stress UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941425 AU - Samavedam, G AU - Kish A AU - Jeong, D AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON LATERAL STABILITY OF WELDED RAIL TRACK PY - 1983/05 SP - 60 p. AB - Thermal buckling of railroad tracks in the lateral plane is an important problem in the design and maintenance of continuous welded rails (CWR). The severity of the problem is manifested through the increasing number of derailments which are attributable to track buckling, indicating a need for developing better control on the allowable safe temperature increase for CWR track. The work reported here is part of a major investigation conducted by the Transportation Systems Center for the Federal Railroad Administration, on the analytical predictions of critical buckling loads and temperatures, and deals with a parametric investigation of the buckling response of CWR track. Buckling temperature and safe allowable temperature increase values are predicted for both tangent and curved tracks, as influenced by several key parameters, including track lateral and longitudinal resistances, lateral misalignments and rail size. Results of sensitivity analyses over a practical range of the parameters are presented and a suitable design criterion to ensure stability of CWR is outlined. KW - Buckling KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Derailments KW - Lateral stability KW - Loads KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Railroad tracks KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941422 AU - Raposa, F L AU - Glover, J D AU - Alexander Kusko, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - BATTERIES AND FUEL CELLS -- ALTERNATIVE TRACTION POWER FOR LOCOMOTIVES AND SELF-POWERED RAILCARS PY - 1983/03 SP - 108 p. AB - A preliminary study on the application of batteries and fuel cells as alternative motive power to diesel engines has been conducted. Three motive power consists are analyzed using the Boston to New York portion of the Northeast Corridor as a typical scenario for establishing the requirements. Various types of batteries and fuel-cell configurations have been analyzed to meet the established requirements. The preliminary study has shown that both batteries and fuel cells can be used today for certain motive-power applications, but a more detailed study should be conducted to establish more firmly their technical and economic feasibility. A comprehensive evaluation of the future development of batteries and fuel cells for railroad traction application is necessary. An R&D plan should be developed and designed to achieve equivalent performance to the diesel engine from these alternative powerplants. KW - Electric batteries KW - Fuel cells KW - Locomotives KW - Self-powered railcars KW - Traction power UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646377 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - FLORES, A L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE BENEFITS AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADOPTION OF THE RECOMMENDED FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES FOR RAIL TRANSIT MATERIALS SELECTION PY - 1982/12 SP - 60 p. AB - This report presents the results of an assessment of the benefits and costs associated with the adoption of Recommended Fire Safety Practices for Rail Transit Materials Selection for rapid rail transit and light rail transit vehicles. The potential benefits to accrue are identified and discussed. Changes in vehicle construction costs are calculated using several methods of analysis. The Recommended Fire Safety Practices are presented in Appendix A. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Fires KW - Fta section 6 KW - Light rail transit KW - Materials selection KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety practices UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36000/36054/DOT-TSC-UMTA-81-59.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173117 AU - Schaeffer, K H AU - Stearns, M D AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - The Demographics of Drivers and Victims in Traffic Accidents PY - 1982/11//Staff Study SP - 50 p AB - This staff paper develops a study approach to identify the demographics of drivers and victims involved in traffic accidents. Such an identification assists in directing safety campaigns at those specific demographic groups which are most likely involved in traffic accidents, and, in the most serious accidents. The proposed study consists of three tasks: Task A: Definition to the Subpopulations with the Highest Incident of TraffIc Accidents. This task analyzes the 1979 National Health Interview Survey tape. This tape contains the survey results of some 110, 000 persons of whom 2,300 had a traffic injury. The survey includes data on the person, the household in which the person resides, and the region in which the household is located. The analyses are directed toward defining subpopulations by their personal, household and/or regional variables, in order to determine the subpopulations with high incidence rates of traffic injuries. The method used for the analysis is a step sequenced evaluation of the variables. The analysis will be performed on TSC's DEC-IO computer by means of the CROSSTAB programs of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Task B: Severity of Injury as a Function of Subpopulation. This task also utilizes the 1979 National Health Interview Survey tape. Though the survey contains no direct measure of severity, as for instance the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), one can use, with certain limitations, the time elapsed since the onset of the disabling condition as a proxy for severity. This task develops an algorithm through which the time elapsed since onset can be used as a proxy for severity. The algorithm is then applied to each subpopulation identified in Task I, to estimate the average injury severity for these subpopulations. Task C: Conditions Determining Likelihood of Disability Given An Injury. Starting from a preliminary working model, whIch is stipulated in this staff paper, this task develops a working model of the conditions determining the likelihood of a disability due to an automobile accident injury. The methodology for deriving the working model is an reiterative analysis of the theories of trauma sequelae and the approaches to trauma sequelae, and a repeated recasting, refining and verifying of the stipulated preliminary model until a functional working model has been developed. KW - Abbreviated Injury Scale KW - Automobile drivers KW - Crash injuries KW - Crash severity KW - Demographics KW - Highway safety KW - Injuries KW - Injury severity KW - Traffic crash victims KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33353/33353.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173104 AU - Prensky, Simon AU - Blair, Richard AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - The Availability of State-Level Highway Accident Exposure Information PY - 1982/09/30/Staff Study SP - 35p AB - A variety of different types of information have been used to standardize or normalize descriptive statistics on highway accident occurrence for the purpose of making comparisons among data from divergent geographic locations, time periods and for specific circumstances. This type of information is commonly referred to as highway accident exposure data. The purpose of the investigation described in this report is to ascertain the availability and accuracy of highway accident exposure data at both the Federal and state levels. The ultimate aim is to develop a computer file of generally available and useful highway accident exposure data. The primary use of this data is to support the analytic and reporting .capabilities of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) Traffic Safety Programs (TSP). Because many of TSP's activities deal with individual states, an important characteristic of the exposure data system is that information be available by state and, in addition, in as much temporal disaggregation as possible. Among the uses of the automated exposure data file are the following: (1) generation of standard descriptive ·statistics, e.g., the number of accidents or deaths per vehicle mile traveled, per registered vehicle, per licensed driver or per unit population; ( 2) time series analysis of accident rates, possibly including the development of predictive models; and (3) generation of information characterizing the current state of accident t experience in the U. S. KW - Crash data KW - Crash exposure KW - Fatalities KW - High risk locations KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33352/33352.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173086 AU - Hoxie, Paul AU - Woodman, Donna AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Risks of Hazardous Substance Spills from Unmarked Packages or Containers PY - 1982/09/30/Staff Study SP - 132p AB - This study has examined the risk of spills of hazardous substances from transport containers which are unmarked. Three circumstances could lead to incidents where a reportable quantity of a hazardous substance spills from unmarked containers. First , the incident could involve multiple spills from packages too small to require marking. Second , the incident could involve a very large spill of a mixture or solution which was too dilute to require marking. Finally , the transport container could be unmarked because it was not in compliance with Federal Regulation . The study findings in each of these circumstances are.summarized below . KW - Compliance KW - Containers KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Package and mail service KW - Spills (Pollution) KW - Unmarked packages UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33351/33351.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941423 AU - Rice, R C AU - Broek, D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION PROPERTIES OF RAIL STEELS PY - 1982/03 SP - 68 p. AB - Fatigue crack initiation properties of rail-steels were determined experimentally. One new and four used rail steels were investigated. The effects of the following parameters were studied: stress ratio (ratio of minimum to maximum stress in a cycle), control mode, specimen orientation, and periodic overstrain. Both constant and variable strain amplitude experiments were performed. A model was developed, employing an equivalent strain parameter, which allowed prediction of variable amplitude fatigue crack initiation within the basic data variability. KW - Constant strain amplitude KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail steel KW - Stress ratio KW - Variable strain amplitude UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173155 AU - Stearns, Mary D AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Forum on Energy Conservation in Buildings for Transportation PY - 1981/12//Project Memorandum SP - 189p AB - A workshop, held at the Transportation Systems Center on December 9, 1980, examined energy conservation in buildings to determine how much energy would be freed to, in effect, create an additional domestic suppl y of energy for transportation . A paper, distributed to the participants prior to the meeting, described the technical potential for energy conservation in building s and gave a technical background for the opening presentation on Energy Conservation in Buildings . KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Structures KW - Supply KW - Transportation KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33345/33345.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941421 AU - Hitz, J AU - Dorer, R AU - Cultrera, S AU - Bohnwagner, A AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - ENERGY AUDIT OF THE BOSTON AND MAINE RAILROAD PY - 1981/04 SP - 98 p. AB - This report documents an energy audit of the Boston and Maine (B&M) Railroad performed in support of a joint Government/industry program to determine means of conserving energy on railroads without reducing safety or service quality. The audit was performed by the Department of Transportation's Transportation Systems Center and the B&M Railroad under the sponsorship of the Federal Railroad Administration. Phase I of the energy audit involved acquisition and analysis of energy-related data for the month of December 1979 to determine energy supply and use patterns on the B&M and identify major areas of energy use for conservation emphasis. Phase II involved more detailed analysis of additional diesel fuel data for the months of December 1979 through August 1980 to assist in identifying and evaluating conservation options for freight train operations. The energy audit showed that railroads should focus energy conservation efforts on freight train operations where 78% of the total energy used by the B&M was consumed. Accurate metering of diesel fuel supply, use and inventories is a necessary first step in managing conservation of this resource. A strong relationship was found between diesel fuel consumed and ton-miles of work performed indicating that actions taken to increase the gross-to-tare weight ratio of trains (e.g., reduced empty car movement) will reduce overall fuel consumption. A trend towards greater fuel use efficiency (ton-miles per gallon) with warmer weather was explained, in part, by the effectiveness of the B&M policy of restricted locomotive idling during warmer months. KW - Auditing KW - Boston and Maine Railroad KW - Diesel fuels KW - Empty car miles KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Engine idling KW - Freight trains KW - Fuel metering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173224 AU - Farr, E H AU - Mengert, Peter AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Rail-Highway Crossing Accident Prediction Research Results - FY80 PY - 1981/01 SP - 88p AB - This report presents t he results of research performed at the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) dealing with mathematical methods of predicting accidents at rail-highway crossings. The work consists of three parts: Part I - Revised DOT Accident Prediction Formula; Part II - Accident Prediction Formula with Accident History; Part III - Comparative Performance o f three Rail Highway Crossing Hazard Models. The study was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) (specifically, the Office of Safety of the Federal Railroad Administration and the Office o f Research of Federal Highway Administration ). This study supports a program which was outlined in the 1972 DOT report t o Congress on safety improvement at 30,000 rail-highway crossings in the United States. KW - Crash data KW - Grade crossing protection systems KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety improvement projects KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33347/33347.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01496714 AU - Horonjeff, Richard D AU - Fleming, Gregg G AU - Rickley, Edward J AU - Connor, Thomas L AU - Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - Factors Affecting Measured Aircraft Sound Levels in the Vicinity of Start-of-Takeoff Roll PY - 1980/12 SP - 6p AB - This paper presents the findings of a recently conducted measurement and analysis program of jet transport aircraft sound levels in the vicinity of a start-of-takeoff roll. The purpose of the program was two-fold: (1) to evaluate the computational accuracy of the Federal Aviation Administration's Integrated Noise Model (INM) in the vicinity of start-of-takeoff roll with a recently updated database (INM 3.10) and (2) to provide guidance for future model improvements. Focusing on the second of these two goals, this paper examines several factors affecting Sound Exposure Levels (SELS) in the semicircular area behind the aircraft brake release point at the start-of-takeoff roll. In addition to the aircraft type itself, these factors included (1) the geometric relationship of the measurement site to the runway, the wind velocity (speed and direction), aircraft gross weight, and start-of-roll mode (static or rolling start). KW - Aircraft noise KW - Airport noise KW - INM (Integrated Noise Model) KW - Jet propelled aircraft KW - Sound level KW - Takeoff UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/47000/47900/47914/factors-measured-aircraft-sound.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941420 AU - Wlodyka, R A AU - Stickler, J J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COMPARISON OF SOLID STATE INVERTERS FOR AC INDUCTION MOTOR TRACTION PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1980/12 SP - 310 p. AB - This report is one of a series concerned with the application of ac machines as traction motors for railroad motive power. It presents results of a laboratory evaluation and computer analysis of different inverter systems. Three inverter systems, sine wave, pulse-width modulated, and parallel capacitor commutated, were selected as being representative of inverter types applicable to traction use and were evaluated under similar operating conditions with asynchronous ac motors. The report includes descriptions of operating theory for each inverter type studied, descriptions of test circuitry, test procedures, and analysis of test results. Efficiency, power factor, distortion, regeneration, device utilization, and their effects on system characteristics and influence on system selection are discussed. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Engine efficiency KW - Induction motors KW - Inverters KW - Laboratory tests KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Traction propulsion systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941419 AU - Clarke, J M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROAD ELECTRIFICATION ACTIVITY IN NORTH AMERICA--A STATUS REPORT: 1976-1978 PY - 1980/11 SP - 50 p. AB - In view of the increased activity and interest in railroad electrification in North America, it is appropriate to provide a continuing overview of activities of interest to the railroad industry and the U.S. Government. Major activities completed or underway are reported herein and include: Conrail feasibility electrification study; Tennessee Valley Authority electrification demonstration project; design of the New Haven, Connecticut, to Boston, Massachusetts, sector of the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project; construction of the 25 kV and 50 kV catenary for the test track at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado; Canadian Institute of Guided Ground Transport electrification study; Department of Energy assessment of prospects and impacts of railroad electrification. Initially, the status of existing electrified railroads is summarized followed by a description of current planning activities. This is followed by a description of current research and development activities. Other topics covered include the activities of financial institutions and standards. The domestic supply industry equipment interests are discussed and architectural/engineering experience in the U.S. is reviewed. It is not the intent of this report to draw technical conclusions regarding the material presented. KW - Canadian Institute of Guided Ground Transport KW - Conrail KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financing KW - Impacts KW - North America KW - Northeast Corridor Improvement Project KW - Planning KW - Railroad electrification KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Tennessee Valley Authority KW - Test tracks KW - U.S. Department of Energy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941418 AU - Glickman, T S AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - MAJOR RAILROAD ACCIDENTS INVOLVING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE, COMPOSITE SUMMARIES 1969-1978 PY - 1980/07 SP - 145 p. AB - This report presents composite summaries describing 75 major railroad accidents in which hazardous materials were released. The selected accidents occurred during the years 1969-1978. The data contained in the individual summaries were derived from various government and private agency reports and files. Categories used to classify the information in the summaries are: Events, Cause of Accident, Cause of Hazardous Material Release, Casualties, Damages, Notification and Response, Observations, and Recommendations. KW - Casualties KW - Crash causes KW - Hazardous materials KW - Loss and damage KW - Railroad crashes KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01344869 AU - Sakasita, M AU - Hackworth, M A AU - Wong, P J AU - Mudholkar, V V AU - Koretz, D B AU - SRI International AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Railroad Classification Yard Design Methodology Study: East Deerfield Yard, A Case Study PY - 1980/02//Phase 2 Interim Report SP - 120p AB - This interim report documents the application of a railroad classification yard design methodology to Boston and Maine's East Deerfield Yard Rehabilitation. This case study represents Phase 2 of a larger effort to develop a yard design methodology and to document the methodology in the form of a yard design manual. The application of the yard design methodology to CONRAIL's Elkhart Yard is described in a separate interim report. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Case studies KW - Conrail KW - Design KW - Maine KW - Maintenance of way KW - Methodology KW - Railroad operations KW - Railroad yards KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Yard operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37800/37894/RRClassYardDesignMethStudy.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173057 AU - Pinciaro, Susan J AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - Federal Aviation Administration TI - General Aviation Pilot and Aircraft Activity Survey PY - 1979/12//Analysis & Summary of 1978 SP - 54p AB - This report provides a summary and analysis of the data collected in the 1978 General Aviation Pilot and Aircraft Activity Survey. The survey was conducted at a random sample of airports across the nation and Puerto Rico, throughout the months of July and August 1978, by the Federal Aviation Administration with the assistance of the Civil Air Patrol. The survey data provide information regarding the magnitude and characteristics of general aviation including: type and source of aircraft, flight purpose, utilization of flight plan and weather information services, trip length in time and distance, pilot age and certification. Estimates are made of total 1978 general aviation operations. fuel consumption and aircraft miles flown. KW - Airport operations KW - Certification KW - Data collection KW - Flight plans KW - Fuel consumption KW - General aviation KW - General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey KW - General aviation pilots KW - Surveys KW - Weather information systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33323/33323.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941417 AU - Holt, W J AU - Ross, J A AU - Houdyshel, J A AU - Rohr Industries, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION, AND TESTING OF INVERTER POWER SYSTEMS FOR METROLINER PY - 1979/11 SP - 102 p. AB - This report documents the development and subsequent fabrication of a solid state auxiliary power conditioning unit (APCU) for the upgraded Metroliner. The APCU is an inverter of the pulse width modulated type having multiple parallel transistors in a three phase double way bridge configuration. The APCU is packaged to be tested and evaluated in a laboratory environment and proposed to be a prototype of units suitable for replacement of rotary type APUs presently installed in General Electric power system equipped Metroliners. KW - Auxiliary power units KW - Inverters KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Prototypes KW - Pulse duration modulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173062 AU - Mengert, Peter AU - Brown, P AU - Yuan, L AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Prediction Algorithms for Urban Traffic Control PY - 1979/02//Project Memorandum SP - 183p AB - The objectives of this study are to 1 ) review and assess the state-of-the-art of prediction algorithms for urban traffic control in terms of their accuracy and application, and 2) determine the prediction accuracy obtainable by examining the performance of general time series analysis methods with actual data. This report is divided into two parts . Part I discusses the review and assessment, while Part II examines general time series analysis methods. Accurate prediction algorithms are necessary for the effective operation of computerized traffic responsive control systems. These systems offer the potential for reducing traffic congestion and improving operational efficiency in the existing urban roadway system . Although a number of prediction algorithms have been proposed and studied for urban traffic control, two algorithms are dominant: the Second Generation and the Third Generation predictors of the Urban Traffic Control System (UTCS). Both predictors are based on single-location traffic measurements. Both algorithms use the linear combination of residues (differences between traffic measurements and either historical data or smoothed traffic data) as the basic feature for prediction. The Second Generation predictor requires historical data as the reference. The Third Generation predictor does not require historical data and makes predictions based on current traffic measurements only. In the review, (i. e., Part I of this report) test results showed that the predicted values of both the Second and Third Generation Predictors tracked the trend of the actual values of the volume measurements, and both algorithms improved the prediction compared to using the current measurement as the predicted value. However, in both predictors the predicted values time-lagged the actual measurements. Also, the Second Generation Predictor worked consistently better than the Third Generation Predictor. This implies that the urban street traffic pattern does have considerable repeatabiility, so that the historical volume data is very desirable even for short-term traffic predictions. In Part II of this report a general technique was developed for time series prediction and was applied to the problem of determining optimum predictors for traffic volume . The technique was developed for optimizing ARlMA (autoregressive integrated moving average - see Box and Jenkins Time Series Analysis and related predictors ). Second and third generation UTCS predictors were within the general ARlMA framework and a systematic probe of a very general class of predictors tentatively showed the simple second and third generation predictor forms to be optimal within a large class including ARIMA and certain non-linear adaptive extensions . The best parameters to use are discussed. All empirical observations were based on actual traffic volume data collected on streets in Toronto. KW - Algorithms KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic control KW - Predictors KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic volume KW - Urban highways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33327/33327.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173068 AU - Wichansky, Anna M AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - The Effects of the Ride Environment on Intercity Train Passenger Activities PY - 1979 SP - 44p AB - The ability to perform activities such a s reading, writing, talking and sleeping has frequently been cited in the ride quality literature as an important factor in passengers' comfort and satisfaction with transportation systems. A field of study of passenger activities on intercity trains was conducted to quantify and describe the relationships between the relative frequencies of various passenger behaviors and the physical parameters of ride quality. Vibration in six degrees of freedom, acoustic noise, temperature, relative humidity and illumination were measured while simultaneous observations of passenger activity were made aboard 77 Amtrak vehicles on 14 trains between Newark New Jersey and Washington, DC. Rotational vibration rates (1-20 Hz) were found to be negatively correlated with observed performance of social and motor activities, and positively correlated with resting behaviors. Linear vibrations did not significantly affect observed frequencies. Noise levels resulting primarily from passengers' conservations were negatively correlated with frequencies of sleeping. Activity levels also varied with vehicle type and time of day. Multiple regression techniques were used to develop linear equations of physical ride quality and trip variables, which predict approximately 20% of the variance in activity levels. Individual differences are postulated to explain the remaining activity variance. The activity equations could be used to specify acceptable levels of ride quality parameters for passenger activity performance in the design of advanced transportation systems. KW - Customer satisfaction KW - Intercity transportation KW - Noise sources KW - Passenger comfort KW - Railroad traffic KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ride quality KW - Vibration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33330/33330.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173105 AU - Koziol, Joseph S AU - U.S. Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - The Application of Traffic Signal Preemption Systems for Controlling Bus Highways PY - 1978/04//Project Memorandum SP - 59p AB - This report investigate the application of selective traffic signal preemption for controlling the headways of local service buses (buses with average time headways of less than 10 minutes), The preemption is selective in that it is granted to only "Iate" buses along a route, leading to a reduction. in headway variance. The potential benefits of more evenly spaced bus headways include reduced passenger waiting times, reduced incidence of bus overloadings and more efficient fleet operations. past applications of traffic signal preemption systems have concentrated on reducing travel times for buses in Central Business District (CBD) grids and arterials. However, these systems have not been widely accepted and implemented, indicating that the amount of reduction in travel time has not resulted in a sufficient increase in ridership to offset the systems costs and impacts on other traffic. The analysis and simulation results in this report indicated that selective traffic signal preemption is a feasible method for controlling the headways of buses on short headway routes. Furthermore, selective preemption yielded equal or better transit system performance compared to unconditional preemption with less than half as many preemptions and preempted cycle time. Future plans are discussed for expanding the simulation model developed in this report and continuing the analysis. The output of this work is expected to be a quantification of benefits as a function of bus priority variables, traffic variables and route characteristics. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Bus transit operations KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Headways KW - Public transit KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Travel time KW - Urban highways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33320/33320.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01322443 AU - Milne, J A AU - Cantwell, C AU - Eissler, H C AU - Chilton Company AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Automobile Characteristics Historical Data Base PY - 1977/08//Final Report SP - 74p AB - A collection of data concerning the physical, operating, and performance characteristics of automobiles for the model years 1955, 1960, 1965, 1968, and 1970 to 1974. Data is also to be added to the data base already established by DOT/TC, for the 1975 model year automobiles. Information was primarily collected from published sources with extrapolation and correlations being made when raw data was not available. Vehicles are reported by model year and are grouped by manufacturer using production volume and fuel economy-dependent attributes - i.e. engine displacement, weight, and transmission type as criteria to select representative vehicles. Models which are essentially duplicated by more than one division of a manufacturer, such as Ford Maverick and Mercury Comet, are represented by a model in only one of the divisions. Characteristics are documented for more than 1000 automobiles representative of total United States sales of all domestic and imported automobiles for the model years indicated. KW - Average fuel economy KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Inertia (Mechanics) KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle operating characteristics KW - Vehicle weight UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34800/34822/DOT-TSC-OST-77-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1083925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173132 AU - Robinson, J AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Locomotive Cab Design Development. Volume 5: Performance Evaluation Tests PY - 1976/09//Test Report SP - 107p AB - This document reports on a preliminary evaluation o f the Human Factors design proposed for a line haul freight locomotive cab . The program was conducted using a full scale hard mock-up of the proposed design and the evaluation was provided by engineers from the former Penn Central Transportation Company . During the program the techniques utilized were evolved to evoke the maximum response and cooperation from the various subjects . In general the concept was favorably received . KW - Cabs (Vehicle compartments) KW - Freight transportation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Line haul KW - Locomotive operations KW - Locomotives KW - Railroad transportation KW - Train makeup KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33311/33311.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941416 AU - Stickler, J J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - A STUDY OF LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS: THE OBERRETL MODEL PY - 1975/05 SP - 48 p. AB - The Oberretl theory of the double-sided linear induction motor (LIM) is examined, starting with the idealized model and accompanying assumptions, and ending with relations for predicted thrust, airgap power, and motor efficiency. The effect of varying the maximum transverse harmonic order on the transverse primary current density and airgap flux density is considered. The Oberretl theory is seen to lead to excessively large flux densities in the regions adjacent to the primary which results in an overestimate of the normal attractive forces at small motor slip frequencies. A comparison of the LIM forces predicted by the Oberretl and Elliott models is given for the Tracked Levitated Research Vehicle (TLRV) and the LIM Research Vehicle (LIMRV) LIMs. The Oberretl theory gives thrust in good agreement with those of Elliott for the LIMRV; for the TLRV, the Oberretl theory predicts thrust about 20% greater than those predicted by Elliott. The corresponding normal forces predicted by the Oberretl theory were approximately three times greater than those predicted by Elliott. A computer program developed as part of this study program is given in the appendix. It requires computing times of the order of 50 seconds for typical runs consisting of ten case points. KW - Computer programs KW - Linear induction motors KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Oberretl theory KW - Thrust UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941415 AU - Stickler, J J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - EVALUATION OF LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS: THE YAMAMURA MODEL PY - 1975/04 SP - 42 p. AB - The Yamamura theory of the double-sided linear induction motor (LIM) excited by a constant current source is discussed in some detail. The report begins with a derivation of thrust and airgap power using the method of vector potentials and theorem of residues. The LIM thrust computed via the theorem of residues is compared with similar results obtained using numerical integration. Both methods are seen to yield equivalent results providing the increments in the numerical integration are made sufficiently small. The finite width and length of the primary alter the LIM thrust considerably in the regions of large and small slip frequencies, respectively. The effect of finite primary dimensions on LIM thrust is discussed in detail for the examples of the Tracked Levitated Research Vehicle (TLRV) and LIM Research Vehicle (LIMRV) LIMs operating at rated speeds. A comparison of thrusts predicted by the Yamamura, Oberretl, and Elliott LIM models for the TLRV and LIMRV motors shows fair agreement in the value of thrusts predicted by the different theories. KW - Linear induction motors KW - Magnetic levitation vehicles KW - Numerical integration KW - Thrust KW - Yamamura theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01173083 AU - Abernethy, Charles N AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - Laboratory Evaluation of Second Generation Behavioral Alcohol Safety PY - 1974/03//Preliminary Memorandum SP - 63p AB - This report contains results of an experimental evaluation of devices designed to prevent an intoxicated individual from operating his automobile. These devices were developed by both private industry and the Transportation Systems Center. They are designed to detect intoxication by measuring changes in ability to perform a "second generation" psychomotor task (i.e., a task known or thought to be alcohol specific). Four such devices were tested and found to be at least as alcohol specific as those previously tested, although they were at an earlier stage of development. KW - Alcohol effects KW - Alcohol ignition interlock devices KW - Alcohol use KW - Automobile drivers KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Intoxication UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33309/33309.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/933450 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01411717 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Behavioral demand modeling and valuation of travel time PY - 1974 IS - 149 SP - 234p U1 - Conference on Behavioral Demand Modeling and Valuation of Travel TimeHighway Research BoardU.S. Department of TransportationEngineering FoundationSouth Berwick,Maine,United States StartDate:19730708 EndDate:19730713 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, U.S. Department of Transportation, Engineering Foundation KW - Forecast KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Modelling KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel behaviour KW - Travel demand KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Travel time KW - Value of time KW - Value of time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1179515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941409 AU - Wlodyka, R A AU - Knutrud, T AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TEST PROGRAM FOR EVALUATION OF VARIABLE FREQUENCY POWER CONDITIONERS PY - 1973/08 SP - 24 p. AB - A test program is outlined for variable frequency power conditioners for 3-phase induction motors in vehicle propulsion applications. The Power Conditioner Unit (PCU) performance characteristics are discussed in some detail. Measurement methods, recording techniques and data presentation are given, which should yield a broad set of performance data common to most PCU designs of this type. Measurements of component electrical and temperature stresses are included. These measurements are regarded as essential for a meaningful evaluation and for formulating estimates of peak power capability and specific power (kVA/lb). A limited test program of the RFI/EMI characteristics of the PCU is also discussed, as are tests of special characteristics such as reliability and failure modes. KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Failure KW - Induction motors KW - Performance KW - Power conditioners KW - Propulsion KW - Reliability KW - Stresses KW - Temperature KW - Testing KW - Variable frequency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941412 AU - Eaves, R E AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PULSE TRANSMISSION OVER DISPERSIVE WAVEGUIDES IN RAILROAD COMMUNICATIONS: SOFTWARE FOR COMPUTER SIMULATION PY - 1973/07 SP - 60 p. AB - Waveguides and transmission lines employed in train communications exhibit dispersion, which is caused by (a) their inherent properties and (b) the cumulative effect of discontinuities at joints. To provide the means to evaluate such waveguides, several computer programs have been developed to analyze and simulate the effect of dispersion on pulse transmission. KW - Communications KW - Computer programs KW - Dispersion (Electromagnetic waves) KW - Electromagnetic waves KW - Pulse transmission KW - Railroad trains KW - Simulation KW - Transmission lines KW - Waveguides UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941414 AU - Chin, G Y AU - Eaves, R E AU - Yoh, P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SURVEY OF METROLINER TELEPHONE USERS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR ANALYZING TELEPHONE CHANNEL CAPACITY AND LOADING PY - 1973/07 SP - 58 p. AB - The results of the survey of the Metroliner telephone users show that 11.5% of the passengers used the telephone. Among the users 71% had to wait, 73.5% of the passengers recommended telephone service, and 37.2% were for television. The average telephone demand was estimated. Three computer programs were provided for: (1) space-time diagram of the trains on the track, (2) the number of trains on the track, and (3) the telephone channel-capacity distribution of each train including the loading factor of each channel. KW - Computer programs KW - Demand KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Passenger trains KW - Passengers KW - Surveys KW - Telephone KW - Telephone channel capacity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941410 AU - Lyons, J W AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - SURVEY OF FREIGHT CAR ROLLER BEARING REQUIREMENTS AND FAILURE MODES PY - 1973/07 SP - 62 p. AB - AAR roller bearing requirements and interchange rules are presented and reviewed; also included and reviewed are rules covering adapters and grease for freight car bearings. Bearing fatigue theory, methods of fatigue life calculations, and characteristic fatigue damage of sub-assembly components are reviewed. The results of a limited survey of bearing manufacturers, AAR records, and a railroad bearing repair shop to determine failure modes and identify critical sub-assembly components are presented, including a method for determining bearing assembly life from the lives of the components. The results of the study to date indicate that two major causes of bearing failures are worn adapters and loss of lubricant. KW - Failure KW - Failure modes KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Freight cars KW - Lubricants KW - Roller bearings KW - Service life KW - Specifications KW - Subassemblies KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941413 AU - Sturm, J C AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - RAILROADS AND AIR POLLUTION: A PERSPECTIVE PY - 1973/05 SP - 104 p. AB - A review of existing air pollution control legislation is presented with emphasis on legislation affecting the rail industry. Locomotive exhaust emissions, especially smoke, are receiving the bulk of attention from control agencies and the general public. Railroad emissions and emission sources are identified. Railroad exhaust emissions are estimated for the nation and for a region (St. Louis, Missouri). Transportation modes are compared for fuel consumption per unit work performed and for the emissions associated with consuming that fuel. Recommendations include the environmental impact analysis of diesel-electric locomotive exhaust emissions on the air quality of St. Louis, Missouri, and the comparison of transportation modes based on emissions per unit work performed, grams pollutant emitted per 1000 ton-mile freight moved for line haul and grams pollutant emitted per 1000-ton freight throughput for terminals. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Exhaust gases KW - Legislation KW - Pollution control KW - Railroads KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) KW - Smoke KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941411 AU - Kusko, A AU - Alexander Kusko, Incorporated AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF SOLID STATE POWER CONVERTER HARMONICS ON ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS PY - 1973/03 SP - 38 p. AB - The United States utility industry has not set suitable standards, other than TIF (Telephone Interference Factor), for controlling the design of solid-state wayside and on-board power-conversion equipment, to limit the harmonic currents and voltages in both the transit and electric-power-supply systems. To reduce interference with telecommunications and control equipment, and to insure reliable operation of power equipment, the manufacturers can attenuate the power harmonics by selecting the converter pulse number and by the use of filters. Techniques for calculating the harmonic voltages have been developed and can be applied to transit systems. The authors propose a standard of 10% of fundamental amplitude for each harmonic voltage at the connection point to the utility and 3% for each harmonic voltage within the transit system such as the power rails. KW - Attenuation (Electricity) KW - Electric power KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric utilities KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Harmonic voltages KW - On-board power conversion equipment KW - Solid state devices KW - Standards KW - Wayside signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941408 AU - Devoe, D B AU - Sussman, E D AU - Feehrer, C E AU - Hill, J H AU - Holland, W H AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN RAILROAD OPERATIONS: INITIAL STUDIES PY - 1972/11 SP - 124 p. AB - This report summarizes the progress of a year's work in providing support in human factors to the Federal Railroad Administration. The principal topics include: (a) a description of the locomotive engineer's job, particularly with regard to its inherent hazards, its contributions to operational safety, and the aptitudes and skills required for effective train handling; (b) an initial assessment of the physical fitness requirements for several railroad jobs; (c) an analysis of the needs for human factors data in accident reports; and (d) recommendations for the use of a locomotive and train simulator for research in railroad safety. Plans are given for continuation of the effort and recommendations for additional areas of study. KW - Aptitude KW - Crash reports KW - Hazards KW - Human factors KW - Job analysis KW - Locomotive engineers KW - Motor skills KW - Physical fitness KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad simulators KW - Railroad vehicle operations KW - Research KW - Train operation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941407 AU - Hergenrother, K M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT PY - 1972/06 SP - 18 p. AB - Exhaust emissions from diesel locomotives are a product of engine design and combustion characteristics. These pollutants, control methods, and emissions reduction through engine maintenance and retrofittable equipment changes are discussed in this report. KW - Air pollution KW - Diesel engine exhaust gases KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Emission control devices KW - Maintenance KW - Pollution control KW - Retrofitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941406 AU - Chin, G Y AU - Eaves, R E AU - Kodis, R D AU - Yoh, P AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT OF METROLINER TELEPHONE CHANNEL CAPACITY AND MODELING OF TELEPHONE CHANNEL DEMANDS PY - 1972/03 SP - 42 p. AB - The channel capacity of the present Metroliner telephone system is analyzed and methods are proposed to increase that capacity without increasing the overall bandwidth. To determine the number of channels required, calculations have been carried out using two available mathematical models: the Erlang Model and the Waiting Model. Three criteria have been used: (1) the probability that no channel is available; (2) the mean waiting time; and (3) the probability of having to wait at least t minutes. KW - Mathematical models KW - Metroliner (Express train) KW - Mobile telephones KW - Railroad trains KW - Telephone channel capacity KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941405 AU - Chin, G AU - Eaves, R AU - Frenkel, L AU - Kodis, R AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - COMMUNICATIONS FOR HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION PY - 1971/11/15 SP - 62 p. AB - This report is an account of investigations and analyses undertaken for the Office of High Speed Ground Transportation (OHSGT), beginning in July of 1970, which relate to communications systems for high speed ground vehicles. The authorized scope of the effort was at the rate of one man-year. The first task undertaken was a survey of work carried out by OHSGT contractors and others since 1968. Subsequently, specific aspects of the problem were explored in greater detail, and reports were prepared on the following: (a) Mechanical Properties of Long Rigid Lines (Section 2); (b) Electromagnetic Properties of Surface Wave Couplers (Section 3); (c) Electromagnetic Properties of Bends in Surface Wave Lines (Section 4); (d) Propagation Properties of a Trench Line (Section 5); and (e) Pulse Code Modulation for Long Line Communications (Section 6). KW - Communication systems KW - Electromagnetic properties KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Long rigid lines (Communications) KW - Mechanical properties KW - Propagation properties KW - Pulse code modulation KW - Surface wave couplers KW - Surface wave line bends KW - Trench lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642653 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941404 AU - Barrows, T M AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - PROGRESS ON THE RAM WING CONCEPT WITH EMPHASIS ON LATERAL DYNAMICS PY - 1971/06 SP - 69 p. AB - Theoretical and experimental efforts conducted at the Transportation Systems Center in the ram wing program are described. Glide Tests were performed using a simple ram wing model operating in an open rectangular trough 50 ft long. Lift drag ratios of 13 were recorded, and a low-frequency roll oscillation was observed. A theoretical model for a flat-plate airfoil in a rectangular trough of infinite depth is described and compared with existing theories and experimental data. The lateral dynamics of tracked vehicles of this type are reviewed and the most important stability parameters are identified. It is recommended that future research continue to focus on lateral dynamics and that careful experimental measurements be made for the stability derivatives. KW - Airfoils KW - Glide tests KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Lift drag ratio KW - Oscillation KW - Ram wing model KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tracked vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642652 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01522387 AU - Marquis, Brian AU - LeBlanc, Jon AU - Tajaddini, Ali AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - Vehicle Track Interaction Safety Standards PY - SP - 10p AB - Vehicle/Track Interaction (VTI) Safety Standards aim to reduce the risk of derailments and other accidents attributable to the dynamic interaction between moving vehicles and the track over which they operate. On March 13, 2013, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) published a final rule titled “Vehicle/Track Interaction Safety Standards; High-Speed and High Cant Deficiency Operations” which amended the Track Safety Standards (49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 213) and the Passenger Equipment Safety Standards (49 CFR Part 238) in order to promote VTI safety under a variety of conditions at speeds up to 220 mph. Among its main accomplishments, the final rule revises standards for track geometry and enhances qualification procedures for demonstrating vehicle trackworthiness to take advantage of computer modeling. To help understand the differences in performance requirements (design constraints) being placed on the design of passenger equipment suspensions throughout the world, comparisons have been made between FRA safety standards and similar standards used internationally (Europe, Japan, and China) in terms of both allowable track geometry deviations and the criteria that define acceptable vehicle performance (VTI safety limits). In addition to these comparisons, an overview of the new FRA qualification procedures which are used for demonstrating vehicle trackworthiness is provided in this paper. U1 - 2014 Joint Rail ConferenceAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersIEEEAmerican Society of Civil EngineersColorado Springs,Colorado,United States StartDate:20140402 EndDate:20140404 Sponsors:American Society of Mechanical Engineers, IEEE, American Society of Civil Engineers KW - Design standards KW - Geometry KW - International KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroad tracks KW - Simulation KW - Track geometry KW - Train track dynamics KW - United States KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/51000/51500/51595/JRC2014-3872_Vehicle_Track_Interaction.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1306566 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01518890 AU - Carolan, Michael AU - Perlman, Benjamin AU - Tyrell, David AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center TI - Crippling test of a Budd Pioneer passenger car PY - SP - 11p AB - This research program was sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development in support of the advancement of improved safety standards for passenger rail vehicles. FRA and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) have conducted a research program to develop alternative methods for demonstrating occupied volume integrity (OVI) of passenger rail cars using a combination of testing and analysis. Previous publications have addressed the planning and progress of a series of tests intended to examine the collision load path through the occupant volume of passenger cars equipped with crash energy management (CEM) systems. This program has included an elastic 800-kip buff strength test, two quasi-static tests that loaded a passenger car to its ultimate (crippling) capacity, and corresponding finite element (FE) analyses of each test. This paper discusses the two crippling tests and the companion FE analyses. U1 - ASME/ASCE/IEEE 2012 Joint Rail ConferenceAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersAmerican Society of Civil EngineersIEEEPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:20120416 EndDate:20120418 Sponsors:American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, IEEE KW - Compression tests KW - Crash energy management KW - Crashworthiness KW - Finite element method KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad safety KW - Vehicle occupants UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/50000/50900/50980/ASME_JRC2012-74087_-_Crippling_Test_FINAL.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1302150 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00943835 AU - Pulugurtha, Srinivas Subrahmanyam AU - Nambisan, S S TI - USING GIS TO IDENTIFY PROBLEM AREAS AND ENHANCE PEDESTRIAN SAFETY IN CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA PY - SP - n.p. AB - Clark County, Nevada, which includes Las Vegas, has been the fastest growing metropolitan area in the country, with more than an 85 percent increase in population since 1990. The growth in population has had a direct impact on travel demand, construction and maintenance of various transportation related infrastructure facilities, and traffic safety. Observations indicate that there were a total of 39,732 crashes in 1996, 42,844 crashes in 1997, 43,435 crashes in 1998 and 44,117 crashes in 1999 in Clark County, Nevada. Preliminary investigations indicate that the region has experienced the highest number of fatal pedestrian crashes and pedestrian injury crashes among urban counties with similar populations. On an average, the region has seen more than 40 fatal crashes involving pedestrians annually during the last five years. Likewise, the region has also seen over 650 pedestrian injury crashes per year during the same period. The high incidence of pedestrian crashes warrants further analysis. The goal is to identify problem areas and implement technologies based on potential underlying explanatory factors in order to enhance pedestrian safety in the region. This involves studying the spatial and temporal patterns of crashes and integrating the same with other thematic layers such as demographic information, socio-economic data, and land use information. This could be easily implemented by developing a methodology in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. The methodology includes the following steps. 1) Define the crash problem(s). 2) Identify zones based on criteria suggested by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 3) Geo-code crash data will be maintained and provided by the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) using the 3 referencing approaches: street addresses, highway route number and milepost location, and offsets from an intersection. 4) Overlay crash data on the zones coverage in order to estimate the number of crashes in each zone. 5) Calculate crash rates based on the selected crash problem. For example, if pedestrian crashes involving senior citizens between 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM is the crash problem, crash rates are calculated by dividing the total number of crashes involving senior citizens between 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM in the zone to the total number of senior citizens in the same zone. 6) Rank the zones from highest crash rate zone to the lowest crash rate zone. 7) Select a minimum number of zones to conduct detailed analysis and implement countermeasure programs targeting these zones with high crash problems. The focus of the presentation will be on 1) the methodology to identify zones for detailed analysis, and 2) results obtained from the geospatial analysis. U1 - GIS-T 2002 : Melting Down the Stove PipesAASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan PlanAtlanta, Georgia StartDate:20020325 EndDate:20020327 Sponsors:AASHTO, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, FHWA, FTA, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highway Engineers Exchange Program, American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Transportation Research Board, American Metropolitan Plan KW - Clark County (Nevada) KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash causes KW - Crash data KW - Crash locations KW - Crash rates KW - Demographics KW - Fatalities KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geospatial analysis KW - Injuries KW - Land use KW - Methodology KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Time KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas KW - Zoning UR - http://www.gis-t.org/yr2002/gist2002sessions/6.3.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644219 ER -